Chapter 1 Background of the Project

CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROJECT

1.1 Background of the Request for Grant Aid

The situation of Solid Waste Management in the West Bank has much improved through a grant aid of the Government of Japan in 1998. However, many areas where waste collection is hardly carried out have still remained since the grant aid did not cover the whole area of the West Bank. In addition to the remained area, deterioration of the existing equipments due to age has started and requirement of landfill site has become higher recently. Furthermore, economic conditions are exhausted after the second Intifada, and then securing a fund required for facility construction/equipment procurement has become difficult.

The Palestinian National Authority (hereinafter referred to as “PNA”) requested therefore another grant aid to the Government of Japan in September 2004 to improve solid waste management for whole areas of Palestine. However the request was unclear in specifications and quantities.

1.2 Confirmation of the Requested Item in the Preliminary Study

The Government decided to conduct a preliminary study in order to confirm contents of the request and Japan International Agency (hereinafter referred to as “JICA”) sent the preliminary study team in August 2005.

The preliminary study team confirmed necessity of the project through several discussions with the Ministry of Local Government (hereinafter referred to as “MOLG”) representing the PNA and related local authorities. Moreover, the study team confirmed that the PNA has a plan to introduce of regional and wider area waste disposal.

In the preliminary study, the purpose of the project was narrowed down and agreed to put a focus in procurement of equipment necessary for collection of solid waste as shown in table 1.1-1 because preparation of land and environmental impact assessment are insufficient. Then the followings were agreed as particular conditions between Japanese side and Palestinian side. (1) The PNA shall formulate the project organizations through Joint Council for Services, Planning and Development (hereinafter referred to as “JCspd”). The grant aid will be planned to the areas formulating JCspd. (2) The area of Basic Design Study shall be selected from state of JCspd establishement. (3) When the equipment is procured through the grant aid, JCspd shall maintain it. (4) Facilities for equipment repair shall be provided by the Palestinian side.

1.3 Confirmation of the Requested Item in the Basic Design Study

The Government of Japan received by the MOLG a notice that several JCspds were formulated and confirmed that JCspd establishment is in progress to a capable level to expect the Project implementation. Then JICA sent the Basic Design Study Team in November 2005 and confirmed the followings;

(1) Project Site

The requested site by the MOLG was confirmed as areas of 11 JCspds such as Bethlehem, Hebron, Jenin, Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley, Jerusalem, Nablus, Qalqiliya, Ramallah, Salfeet, Tubas and Tulkarem. Those are same area as whole West Bank.

Among the 11, the areas establishing JCspd were the six described below at the time of November 2005. As agreed in the preliminary study, the six areas are long listed as target. - Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley - Tulkarem - Salfeet - Bethlehem - Hebron - Jerusalem

In addition to the area, it was confirmed that the selected JCspds have been just established and have not yet formed efficient operation and maintenance structure. The Basic Design Study Team judged that the PNA shall develop the capacity through applying the result of a technical cooperation (The Project for Capacity Development on Solid Waste Management in Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley) being executed by JICA in parallel. Therefore the Project Area was finally selected as four sites described below though consideration that the sites shall be similar to Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley in scale and Hebron and Jerusalem areas require other operation methods of large city. - Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley - Tulkarem - Salfeet - Bethlehem in priority order of the PNA

(2) Requested Items

The requested items were confirmed as unchanged and as shown in Table 1.1-1 for the selected four areas.

(3) Technology Transfer

As the MOLG shall make a plan for the excluded seven areas by own efforts, they requested a technology transfer for equipment planning. The Japanese side agreed that such technology is transferred through the field survey of Basic Design Study.

Table 1.1-1 Revised List of the Requested Equipment

Number of Requested Item Requested Item Requested in Revised Jerico & Salfeet Qualkilia Hebron Jerusalem Ramallah Bethlehem Nablus Tulkarem Tubs Jenin Total in Total Jordan RRV Collection and Transportation Vehicles 1 Compactor （4-13m3） 166112222121 2 2 Dump Truck for the Garbage （4-10m3） 451644528454432 3 Dump Truck with Crane （8m3） 125 3121122 4 Multi Loader Truck（with 5-8m3container） 41112 5 Skid Steer Loader（0.6-0.7m3） 135 12121222 6 Wheel Loader （3-4.5m3） 153114 4121 1 7Backhoe Loader 114112111111 1 8 Tractor（3m3with trolley） 1710222 24 221 9 Dumper（1m3） 21 11 10 Container（1000L、1m3） 5800 1700 300 400 1000 200 800 700 1000 400 300 200 500

Landfill Site Equipment

4 1 Crawler Shovel （120-200HP） 11 1 2 Steel Wheel Compactor（500t/日） 11 1 3 Bulldozer（300-350HP） 11 1 4 Low Bed Trailer（15-25t） 11 1

Maintenance Equipment 1 Mobile Maintenance Truck（GVW7-14t） 411111 2Spare Parts and Minimum Maintenance Equipment11411111111111 Note) Numbers in thick frame are of narrowed down.

CHAPTER 2

CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT

CHAPTER 2 CONTENTS OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Basic Concept of the Project The Project aims at increasing the solid waste management capacity in the areas of Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley, Tulkarem, Salfeet and Bethlehem.

Some of the local authorities in these areas, specifically those in urban areas and capital cities of governorates, have the necessary equipment and their solid waste collection rates are relatively high. In contrast, local authorities in rural areas hardly conduct the collection of solid waste because of the lack of equipment. Even in the case of those local authorities which do have the necessary equipment for solid waste collection, open dumping near residential areas is observed due to the insufficient availability of equipment. The insufficient solid waste collection has led to a worsening of the living conditions, resulting in increasing dissatisfaction among residents. Moreover, the shortage of equipment at landfill sites, including open dumping sites, has made it practically impossible to provide sufficient soil cover.

The estimated amount of generated solid waste at present (in 2005) is 57.8 tons/day in the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley area, 177.8 tons/day in the Tulkarem area, 62.8 tons/day in the Salfeet area and 177.6 tons/day in the Bethlehem area. Out of these amounts, it is estimated that the collection of 8.9 tons/day in the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley area, 25.0 tons/day in the Tulkarem area, 20.4 tons/day in the Salfeet area and 47.6 tons/day in the Bethlehem area is difficult to be collected. The estimated average solid waste collection rate is 68 – 86% based on the capacity and usage of the existing equipment. The expected further increase of the amount of generated solid waste due to population increase and the deterioration of equipment suggest a decline of the solid waste collection and transportation capacity and the solid waste collection rate in the coming years, in turn causing a further worsening of the living conditions for residents. The expected increase of the amount of uncollected solid waste will certainly increase the open dumping near residential areas.

Meanwhile, in terms of the operation and maintenance capacity of local authorities to provide the solid waste management service, it has become apparent that these authorities are finding it difficult to prepare their own solid waste management plan, to invest in the necessary facilities and equipment and to sufficiently conduct the operation and maintenance of facilities and equipment because of their small population size as well as weak funding capacity. The situation where

5 facilities and equipment have not been built, procured and/or properly maintained can be observed, particularly with those local authorities with a small population size.

The improvement of the living conditions of residents and also for the termination of open dumping is urgent. The implementation of such a project is, therefore, imperative to establish an efficient solid waste management system which is capable of covering small local authorities and to develop the required solid waste management capacity.

To solve the above-mentioned problems, the MOLG of the PNA has established JCspd based on the governorate territory with a view to establishing a joint solid waste management system covering a wide area and to develop the required solid waste management capacity. Following this move, the providers of the solid waste collection service have been changed from individual local authorities to individual JCspds and the introduction of an appropriate solid waste collection system, the transportation of collected solid waste to landfill sites serving a wide area, the efficient management of landfill sites and the elimination of open dumping are now being planned.

Under these circumstances, the Project aims at (i) improving the collection and transportation capacity as well as the landfill site management capacity, both of which are essential to achieve a wide area service, (ii) increasing the solid waste collection rate in the four target areas, i.e. Jericho and the Jordan River Rift Valley, Tulkarem, Salfeet and Bethlehem, to 90% and (iii) providing soil cover at landfill sites. Moreover, the Project envisages the procurement of solid waste collection and transportation equipment, landfill site equipment and equipment required for the maintenance of solid waste collection, transportation and landfill site equipment.

The scope of the Japanese assistance for the Project is the procurement of the various types of equipment described above.

6 2.2 Basic Design of Requested Japanese Assistance 2.2.1 Design Policies (1) Basic Policies

The target areas of the Project (hereinafter referred to as the “Project Areas”) are those areas served by the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd, the Tulkarem JCspd, the Salfeet JCspd and the Bethlehem JCspd and new equipment will be procured to improve the solid waste collection, transportation and landfill site operation capacity in each area for efficient solid waste management service covering a wide area.

The target year of the Project is 2010 and the target waste of the requested Japanese assistance is municipal solid waste which includes household waste and waste generated by small economic activities but excludes industrial waste for which the producers are responsible.

(2) Policies Regarding Natural Conditions

The natural conditions in the Project Areas do not require any special conditions for the design of the requested equipment. Accordingly, no special design regarding the natural conditions will be made.

(3) Policies Regarding Socioeconomic Conditions

The irresponsible dumping of waste at roadsides and open plots has become habit of life in the Project Areas. Although it is easy to propose the Japanese practices of fixed time collection, separated solid waste collection and the use of collection bags instead of containers, the education of residents over a long period of time and the establishment of recycling system for collected materials are judged to be necessary prior to the introduction of these Japanese practices. The hasty introduction of Japanese practices may well lead to an increased amount of waste which is difficult to collect due to discharge in an inappropriate manner. The equipment plan will, therefore, be based on the existing container collection system.

Solid waste management by a local authority is financed by tax (charge) which is collected in form of a solid waste management tax (charge). An increase of the solid waste management cost will be inevitable because of the increased amount of equipment and increased amount of solid waste to be

7 handled as a result of the procurement of new equipment. The types of the collection and transportation system and equipment to be introduced under the Project will, therefore, be designed from the viewpoint of reducing the operation and maintenance cost as much as possible.

One important factor to be considered is the ongoing technical cooperation project of the JICA entitled “The Project for Capacity Development on Solid Waste Management in Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley” (hereinafter referred to as the “related technical cooperation project”) which is searching for appropriate solutions for an improved service, affordable service charge for residents and appropriate level of cost sharing by ordinary residents and commercial and industrial businesses, etc. while featuring the collection of the solid waste management tax as the main theme. Accordingly, the operation and maintenance cost under the Project will be examined in connection with the contents of the related technical cooperation project.

(4) Policies Regarding Improvement of Equipment

The specifications and quantity of each type of equipment will be planned based on the currently planned wide area service system. The equipment to be procured under the Project is to be planned to cover the shorted capacity of the existing equipment. In the case of maintenance equipment, only that required for the maintenance of the equipment to be procured under the Project will be considered for procurement.

(5) Policies Regarding Procurement of Equipment

1) Vehicle-Related Equipment (Chassis)

The specifications and standards of vehicles used in Palestine must satisfy the relevant laws and regulations of Israel. For example, European standards which are different to Japanese standards are applied for the engine emissions. Accordingly, Japanese vehicles with specifications which are suitable for the Japanese market cannot be used in principle.

In regard to such medium and large vehicles as compactors and transfer trucks for which Japanese assistance has been requested, one leading Japanese truck manufacturer has a local agent in Israel which markets and repairs trucks operated in Israel and Palestine. However, this

8 manufacturer has an in-house policy of not selling its trucks to the area governed by the PNA because of the absence of a sufficient service system of its own in the area.

The situation described above indicates that the procurement of trucks made in Japan for the Project will be inappropriate. Therefore, vehicles which satisfy the European standards will be procured from a third country. The procurement of vehicles from a manufacturer which has an agent in the West Bank is highly desirable from the viewpoint of after-service in terms of vehicle repair and the supply of spare parts. Accordingly, vehicles which can be easily supplied by a manufacturer with an agent in the West Bank are planned for the Project.

2) Vehicle-Related Equipment (Body)

As there is no agent of any body maker for compactors, etc. in the West Bank, it is impossible to use the presence of an agent as a criterion for the manufacturer short listing. After-service for the bodies of compactor trucks in the Middle East, including Palestine, is commonly provided by chassis manufacturers. Accordingly, the specifications for the bodies will be planned in such a way that an agent of a chassis manufacturer can deal with the body as in the case of the chassis.

There is a company which is capable of making and mounting the bodies for compactor trucks, etc. in Israel and this company mounted locally made bodies on to chassis made in Europe under the Project for Improvement of Waste Disposal Equipment (hereinafter referred to as the “Phase 1 Project), a Japanese grant aid project in Fiscal Year 1998. Accordingly, Israel will be included in the short list of third countries for the procurement of bodies.

3) Construction Machinery

Several agents, including two of major Japanese construction machinery manufacturers, are presently operating in the West Bank and general inspection, maintenance and repair can be locally conducted unless the machinery is a special model and/or has special specifications. Accordingly, the procurement of construction machinery is planned from the viewpoints of the specifications, price and after-service, including from Japan.

9 4) Containers

Containers can be ordered and procured from a private local factory as in the case of the Phase 1 Project. Local authorities procure containers from local sources and the local procurement of containers is planned in view of the sufficient record of such procurement in the past.

5) Inland Transportation

The import of equipment to Palestine will involve customs clearance in Israel and inland transportation to Palestine. It is desirable to award a contract to a haulage company in Israel where customs clearance takes place in order to smoothly execute all of the necessary work. In reality, however, transportation to Palestine may be subcontracted to a Palestinian company by the Israel haulage company.

In view of the traffic and other restrictions, it will be difficult for the Palestinian side to be directly responsible for customs clearance and inland transportation in Israel within a suitable time schedule. These will, therefore, be included in the scope of the grant aid. In contrast, the Palestinian side will be able to conduct the inland transportation in the West Bank and, as such, the Palestinian side will, in principle, be responsible for inland transportation in the West Bank. In the case of containers of which the number will be in the order of several thousand, their steady transportation from the manufacturer to the Project Areas will be necessary because of the difficulty of finding a temporary stock yard and necessity to secure an appropriate means of transportation to ensure the smooth progress of the Project. Therefore, the containers should be transported from the manufacturer to the Project Areas by the grant aid.

(6) Policies Regarding Use of Local Companies and Equipment

Among the various types of equipment to be procured under the Project, containers can be procured locally from a manufacturer with sufficient production capacity and experience. As the quality of these containers is satisfactory and the cost is cheaper than that in foreign countries, the containers will be made and procured locally.

10 (7) Maintenance Capability of Project Implementation Organizations

1) Solid Waste Collection Method

The project implementation organizations will be four JCspds established in 2005. The area coverage of each JCspd is based on the governorates. As such, each area of a JCspd includes the area of the governorate capital with an almost 100% solid waste collection record as well as areas with hardly any solid waste collection service. However, as the leader of each JCspd is the Mayor of the local authority where solid waste collection is conducted in a relatively appropriate manner, a horizontal spread of know-how can be expected to take place. It is, therefore, judged that there is sufficient skill relating to the operation of waste collection and transportation vehicles.

Given the necessity for a smooth transition from the existing system of which know-how has been locally accumulated to a wide area collection system by each JCspd, the solid waste collection method to be employed under the Project will be container collection as in the case of the present system.

2) Solid Waste Transportation Method

As a result of the introduction of the wide area collection system, there will be areas which are far from the landfill site, making direct transportation by compactor trucks to the landfill site inefficient. In these areas, it is highly possible that there will be a need to introduce transfer operation to achieve the efficient transportation of the collected solid waste. The relative advantages of direct transportation and transfer will, therefore, be examined with a view to introducing transfer operation if necessary.

In areas which are relatively near to a landfill site, compactor trucks will directly transport the solid waste to the site as in the case of the existing collection and transportation system. Therefore the existing know-how can be utilized in such case. If the decision to introduce transfer operation is made, a simple transfer method which is easy to manage will be adopted because of the unfamiliarity of transfer operation in the existing system.

11 3) Final Disposal Method

The application of covering soil at a landfill site must be conducted on a daily basis to suppress the adverse impacts of solid waste disposal on the environment. Because of the importance of this work, a system which is capable of regularly conducting and managing soil cover operation will be planned.

Among the four target JCspds of the Project, the Tulkarem JCspd and the Bethlehem JCspd plan to transport the waste to sanitary landfill sites run by another organization. In contrast, the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd and the Salfeet JCspd will need to run and maintain their own landfill sites. In fact, these two JCspds already run and manage the existing landfill sites where covering soil is applied once a week or so. These JCspds are fully aware of the necessity for sanitary landfill and have sufficient skill in regard to the application of covering soil, etc. for landfill site management.

4) Equipment Maintenance and Repair

All of the equipment to be procured under the Project is wide use equipment. As the inspection and maintenance of this equipment do not require any special skills, the equipment can be sufficiently inspected and maintained by private workshops or local agents of the manufacturers in the West Bank.

Neither the Salfeet JCspd nor the Bethlehem JCspd has its own workshop and these JCspds plan to use a private company to conduct the necessary equipment inspection and maintenance. In comparison, the capital city of governorates has its own workshop in both the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd and the Tulkarem JCspd and these JCspds plan to use the existing workshop in their respective area to conduct routine inspection and maintenance. These workshops have sufficient experience of routine inspection and maintenance and no technical problems associated with such work are anticipated. In addition, the use of private companies for major maintenance and repair work is planned.

In conclusion, the existing equipment maintenance and repair skills are judged to be sufficient and inputs regarding equipment maintenance skills and technologies in the Project will be

12 restricted to initial guidance on operation and maintenance to be provided by the equipment manufacturers at the time of equipment introduction.

5) Personnel Cost and Operation and Maintenance Cost

The Project will cover areas where the solid waste collection service is currently unavailable. Consequently, the operation and maintenance cost, including the collection, transportation and landfill site management costs, to cover these areas will be higher than the present level. Given the fact that the PNA has adopted the principle of collecting a tax/charge from residents and business owners for the relevant service provided, the increased cost of solid waste management in the new areas can be funded by the new commencement of the collection of the tax/charge in these areas. It is, therefore, possible to secure the necessary fund to meet the increased personnel cost as well as operation and maintenance cost.

Meanwhile, one of the objectives of the Project is the introduction of efficient solid waste management by means of wide area collection. Therefore, the Project will adopt the policies of eliminating inefficiency caused by solid waste collection services provided by individual local authorities, utilising equipment in a wide area and reducing the number of vehicles in simultaneous operation in order to contain the increase of the operation and maintenance cost to a minimum.

(8) Policies Regarding Scope and Grade of Equipment

1) Equipment Models

In regard to collection vehicles, 1.1 m3 class container and compactor trucks which are currently used by all JCspds and which were procured under the Phase 1 Project will be principal to be procured. The use of 8 m3 class containers and 8 m3 class skip/hook loader trucks is planned to serve markets and other sites where a large amount of solid waste is generated. In the case of areas which are far from a landfill site, the use of inexpensive wide use vehicles which can be easily maintained, such as dump trucks and wheel loaders for loading, is planned as the transfer equipment.

13 Excessive planning will be avoided for the equipment to be used at the landfill sites based on detailed examination of the required work and the types of equipment necessary to perform the soil-covering.

2) Technical Level

One important factor for the planning of the specifications of the equipment is that the planned equipment can be easily maintained. For this reason, the types of equipment which are commonly used in major cities in the West Bank and for which the obtaining of spare parts is not difficult will be planned.

One negative example is equipment introduced in Palestine with Spanish assistance in the late 1990’s. It is now extremely difficult to obtain spare parts for this equipment because of the lack of a local agent, resulting in a decline of the operating rate of this equipment.

To avoid the occurrence of a similar problem, the planned specifications of the equipment/vehicles to be procured under the Project will be based on those of the equipment/vehicles commonly used in the West Bank.

(9) Policy Regarding Schedule

The procurement of equipment under the Project is expected to take approximately 11.5 months from the signing of the Exchange of Notes (E/N) to handing over, including the time required for tender documents preparation and the actual tender process. Accordingly, planning will take the need to complete the requested Japanese assistance within one fiscal year, i.e. a single fiscal year project, into consideration.

2.2.2 Basic Plan

2.2.2.1 Overall Plan

The procurement of the equipment listed below will be conducted under the Project to improve the municipal solid waste management capacity in the four target areas, i.e. Jericho and Jordan River

14 Rift Valley, Tulkarem, Salfeet and Bethlehem. As all of the equipment consists of vehicles or construction machinery, no installation work will be involved.

(1) Municipal solid waste collection and transport equipment (2) Landfill site operation equipment (3) Maintenance equipment

2.2.2.2 Design Conditions

(1) Design Population

The population forecast of the PNA for the Project Areas is shown in Table 2.2.2-1 through Table 2.2.2-4. As the entire Project Areas are the planned service areas for municipal solid waste collection, the population given in these tables is regarded as the design population.

Table 2.2.2-1 Design Population of Jericho & Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Design Population Code Local Authority Governorate （2010） J-1 Jericho Jericho 22,915 J-2 Marj Na'jeh Jericho 861 J-3 Zbidat Jericho 1,504 J-4 Marj Al-Ghazal Jericho 432 J-5 Al-Jiftlik Jericho 4,939 J-6 Fasayel Jericho 1,010 J-7 Al-Ojah Jericho 4,501 J-8 Al-New'meh & Edyuk al-Foqa Jericho 2,221 J-9 Bardalah Tubas 1,773 J-10 Ein Al-Bidah Tubas 1,215 J-11 Kardalah Tubas 186 J-12 Al-Nasaryyah Nablus 2,250 J-13 Bet Hasan Nablus 563 J-14 Ein Shibli Nablus 450 J-15 Froosh Bet Dajan Nablus 1,125 J-16 Al-Aqrabanyyah Nablus 1,688 J-17 Nawaji Nablus 338 TOTAL 47,971

Source: The data possessed by each JCspd was checked by the Study Team using the Palestinian Population by Locality (May, 2005 of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics).

Table 2.2.2-2 Design Population of Tulkarem JCspd Design Population No. Local Authority Governorate (2010) T-1 Tulkarem Tulkarem 60,041 T-2 Ateel Tulkarem 11,581 T-3 Dir AlGhsoon Tulkarem 10,534 T-4 Qefeen Tulkarem 9,734 T-5 Anabta Tulkarem 8,148 T-6 Bal'a Tulkarem 8,122 T-7 Ellar Tulkarem 7,661 T-8 Biet Lied Tulkarem 6,582 T-9 Baqa Alsharqeih Tulkarem 4,775 T-10 Kufer Allabad Tulkarem 4,489 T-11 Zeata Tulkarem 3,500 T-12 Faro'on Tulkarem 3,554 T-13 Sayda Tulkarem 3,427 T-14 Kufer Jamal Tulkarem 2,845 T-15 Nazlet Issa Tulkarem 2,787 T-16 Ramin Tulkarem 2,339 T-17 Ektaba Tulkarem 2,200 T-18 Al-Nazle Al-sharqeih Tulkarem 1,835 T-19 Kufer Aboush Tulkarem 1,657 T-20 Kufer Zebad Tulkarem 1,455 T-21 Kufer Sour Tulkarem 1,396 T-22 Shoufeh Tulkarem 1,396 T-23 Al-Jarousheih Tulkarem 1,010 T-24 Al-Nazle Alqrbuha Tulkarem 986 T-25 Sfareen Tulkarem 1,155 T-26 Alras Tulkarem 564 T-27 Kfa Tulkarem 388 T-28 Al-Nazle Alwasta Tulkarem 462 T-29 qor Tulkarem 361 T-30 Gbara Tulkarem 364 T-31 Almsqofa Tulkarem 236 T-32 Hafasy Tulkarem 179 T-33 Aqqaba Tulkarem 291 TOTAL 166,054 Source: The data possessed by each JCspd was checked by the Study Team using the Palestinian Population by Locality (May, 2005 of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics).

Table 2.2.2-3 Design Population of Salfeet JCspd Design Population No. Local Authority Governorate (2010) S-1 Salfeet Salfeet 10,990 S-2 Deir Istiya Salfeet 4,337 S-3 Qarawat Bani Hassan Salfeet 4,182 S-4 Qira Salfeet 1,156 S-5 Kifl Haris Salfeet 3,642 S-6 Marda Salfeet 2,491 S-7 Biddya Salfeet 9,378 S-8 Haris Salfeet 3,450 S-9 Yasuf Salfeet 1,984 S-10 Mas-ha Salfeet 2,231 S-11 Iskaya Salfeet 1,236 S-12 Sarta Salfeet 2,940 S-13 Az Zawiya Salfeet 5,717 S-14 Rafat Salfeet 2,270 S-15 Bruqin Salfeet 4,114 S-16 Farkha Salfeet 1,725 S-17 Kafr ad Dik Salfeet 5,798 S-18 Deir Ballut Salfeet 4,147 S-19 Khirbet Qeis Salfeet 285 TOTAL 72,073 Source: The data possessed by each JCspd was checked by the Study Team using the Palestinian Population by Locality (May, 2005 of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics).

Table 2.2.2-4 Design Population of Bethlehem JCspd Design Population No. Local Authority Governorate (2010) B-1 Bethlehem Bethlehem 36,900 B-2 Beit Jala Bethlehem 20,580 B-3 Beit Sahour Bethlehem 18,980 B-4 Al-Khder Bethlehem 11,450 B-5 Al-Doha Bethlehem 8,740 B-6 Beit Fajjar Bethlehem 13,460 B-7 Obedeah Bethlehem 13,300 B-8 Tqua Bethlehem 10,500 B-9 Zaatara Bethlehem 7,600 B-10 Jannata Bethlehem 6,380 B-11 Nahaleen Bethlehem 7,660 B-12 Husan Bethlehem 7,040 B-13 Batir Bethlehem 5,200 B-14 Ertas Bethlehem 4,520 B-15 Al-Shawawreh Bethlehem 3,650 B-16 Dar Salah Bethlehem 3,730 B-17 Hindaza Bethlehem 4,470 B-18 Al-Walaja Bethlehem 2,070 B-19 Wadi Foukeen Bethlehem 1,490 B-20 Beit Taamar Bethlehem 2,360 B-21 Marah Rabah Bethlehem 1,520 B-22 Al-jabaa Bethlehem 1,200 B-23 Marah Muala Bethlehem 760 B-24 Um Salamouna Bethlehem 1,000 B-25 Wadi El Nees Bethlehem 960 B-26 Al-Maasara Bethlehem 980 B-27 Jura El-Shamaa Bethlehem 1,900 B-28 Wadi Rahal Bethlehem 1,490 B-29 Al-Rashaydeah Bethlehem 1,330 B-30 Al-Minyah Bethlehem 1,120 B-31 Khallet El-Haddad Bethlehem 500 B-32 Khallet El-Loz Bethlehem 530 B-33 Al-Khas & Nuaman Bethlehem 640 B-34 Al-Mansheyeah Bethlehem 430 B-35 Keesan Bethlehem 470 B-36 Jub –Il- Deeb Bethlehem 160 TOTAL 205,070 Source: The data possessed by each JCspd was checked by the Study Team using the Palestinian Population by Locality (May, 2005 of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics).

18 (2) Design Generation Amount of Municipal Solid Waste and Design Collection Amount of Municipal Solid Waste

1) Design Unit Generation Rate of Municipal Solid Waste

c Estimates Based on Statistical Data

Table 2.2.2-5 shows the unit generation rate of municipal solid waste which is estimated based on statistical data. The average unit generation rate of domestic waste and municipal solid waste, including waste from economic activities, in the West Bank is 0.7 kg/capita/day and 1.8 kg/capita/day respectively. Table 2.2-5 also indicates the following facts.

• The unit generation rate of municipal solid waste in the West Bank is approximately 2.5 times higher than the unit generation rate of domestic waste (in the range of approximately 1.5 times higher to approximately three times higher depending on the area). • The unit generation rate of domestic waste is 0.6 – 0.9 kg/capita/day. • The unit generation rate of municipal solid waste, including waste from economic activities, is 0.9 – 2.9 kg/ capita /day. • The waste amount from economic activities in the middle part of the West Bank is exceptionally high compared to other parts of the West Bank.

Table 2.2.2-5 Estimated Unit Generation Rate Based on Statistical Data (Municipal solid waste Consists of Domestic Waste and Waste from Economic Activities) Waste from Economic Domestic Waste Total Area Population Activities tons/day kg/C/day tons/month tons/day tons/day kg/C/day Entire Palestine 3,637,529 2,694.6 0.7 84,732.6 2,824.4 5,519.0 1.5 Entire Gaza 1,337,236 1,018.9 0.8 9,575.8 319.2 1,338.1 1.0 Entire West Bank 2,300,293 1,675.7 0.7 75,156.8 2,505.2 4,180.9 1.8 Northern West Bank 923,212 655.6 0.7 26,972.1 899.1 1,554.7 1.7 Middle West Bank 701,250 627.7 0.9 41,328.5 1,377.6 2,005.3 2.9 Southern West Bank 675,831 392.4 0.6 6,856.2 228.5 620.9 0.9 Sources Population: 2004 data from Palestinian Population by Locality (of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, May, 2005) Waste amount: 2004 survey data of the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics

19 d Estimates Based on Actual Collection Amount

Table 2.2.2-6 shows the situation of municipal solid waste collection (estimated average amount) in the capital city of the governorate in each JCspd area. Table 2.2.2-7 shows the corresponding situation in sample rural municipalities where the solid waste collection service is inferred to be fairly reliable. Based on the figures in these tables, the following observations can be made.

• The unit generation rate of municipal solid waste in the governorate capital cities is estimated to be approximately 1.9 kg/capita/day. The comparatively smaller figures for Salfeet compared to those for other cities can be presumably attributed to the fact that sufficient waste collection is not conducted in the city because of the shortage of equipment. • The unit generation rate of municipal solid waste in rural municipalities is estimated to be approximately 0.85 kg/capita/day. • Given the estimated unit generation rate of municipal solid waste in the governorate capital cities in the target JCspds of approximately 1.9 kg/capita/day, the high level of municipal solid waste generation in the middle part of the West Bank is assumed to be caused by the extremely large amount of generated municipal solid waste in Jerusalem, Ramallah and Al-Bireh areas. • Even in the middle part of the West Bank, the unit generation rate of municipal solid waste in areas other than Jerusalem, Ramallah and Al-Bireh is believed to be approximately 0.7 – 1.7 kg/capita/day as in the case of the northern part and southern part of the West Bank.

20 Table 2.2.2-6 Situation of Municipal solid waste Collection in Capital City of Governorate and Estimated Unit Generation Rate

Jericho , Jericho & Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Capacity per truck Waste Rate Average No of Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in Amount Population kg/capita/ operated truck Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton ton/day day 8m 3 Compactor 8 7.2 3.6 1 2 7.2 8m 3 Multi Loader 8 6.4 1.6 2 8 25.6 4m 3 Multi Loader 4 3.2 0.8 1 8 6.4 Total 39.2 20,720 1.89

Tulkarem, Turukarem JCspd Capacity per truck Waste Rate Average No of Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in Amount Population kg/capita/ operated truck Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton ton/day day 13 m 3 Compactor 13 11.7 5.9 5 2 59.0 8 m 3 Compactor 8 7.2 3.6 2 2 14.4 4m 3 Multi Loader 4 3.2 0.8 1 5 4.0 3 18 m Dump Truck 18 16.2 5.7 1 5 28.5 Total 105.9 52,362 2.02

Salfeet, Salfeet JCspd Capacity per truck Waste Rate Average No of Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in Amount Population kg/capita/ operated truck Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton ton/day day 13 m 3 Compactor 13 11.7 5.9 1 2 11.8 Total 11.8 9,452 1.25

Bethlehem, Bethlehem JCspd Capacity per truck Waste Rate Average No of Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in Amount Population kg/capita/ operated truck Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton ton/day day 25 m 3 Compactor 25 22.5 11.3 1 1 11.3 15 m 3 Compactor 15 13.5 6.8 1 1 6.8 11 m 3 Compactor 11 9.9 5.0 2 1 10.0 11 m 3 Compactor 11 9.9 5.0 1 2 10.0 8 m 3 Multi Loader 8 6.4 1.6 1 3 4.8 8 m 3 Multi Loader 8 6.4 1.6 2 2 6.4 3 7 m Dump Truck 7 6.3 2.2 1 2 4.4 3 15 m Dump Truck 15 13.5 4.7 1 1 4.7 Total 58.4 30,759 1.9

21 Table 2.2.2-7 Situation of Municipal Solid Waste Collection in Sample Rural Municipalities and Estimated Unit Generation Rate A l' Auja, Jericho & Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Capacity per truck Average No Waste Rate Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in of operated Amount Population kg/capita/ Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton truck ton/day day 5 m 3 Compactor 5 4.5 2.3 0.29 4.3 2.9 Total 2.9 3,886 0.75

Baqa Alsharqeih, Tulkarem JCspd Capacity per truck Average No Waste Rate Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in of operated Amount Population kg/capita/ Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton truck ton/day day 8 m 3 Compactor 8 7.2 3.6 1 1 3.6 Total 3.6 4,233 0.85

Kifl Haris, Salfeet JCspd Capacity per truck Average No Waste Rate Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in of operated Amount Population kg/capita/ Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton truck ton/day day 5 m 3 Compactor 5 4.5 2.3 0.29 4 2.7 Total 2.7 3,132 0.86

Al-Obideih, Bethlehem JCspd Capacity per truck Average No Waste Rate Average Equipment Nominal Actual in Actual in of operated Amount Population kg/capita/ Trip/day in m3 m 3 ton truck ton/day day 5 m 3 Compactor 5 4.5 2.3 1 5 11.5 Total 11.5 11,076 1.04

e Estimates by the Study

It was verified that the estimated unit generation rate of municipal solid waste based on the actual collection data (1.9 kg/capita/day for governorate capital cities and 0.85 kg/capita/day for rural municipalities) falls in the range of the estimated unit generation rate based on statistical data (between 0.9 and 1.7 kg/capita/day) as shown in Table 2.2.2- 8. Accordingly, the estimates based on actual collection data are judged to be reasonable and will be used as the design unit generation rates of municipal solid waste for the Project.

22 Table 2.2.2-8 Verification of Estimated Unit Generation Rates of Municipal solid waste and Design Unit Generation Rates Design Unit Generation Estimated Unit Generation Population Average Unit Rate of Municipal solid Type Rate Based on Collection Data Ratio Generation Rate waste (kg/C/day) (%) (kg/C/day) (kg/C/day) Capital City 1.90 27 1.90 1.1 Rural Municipality 0.85 73 0.85

2) Correction of Volume of Generated Municipal solid waste

Jericho is a key city in the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley area and is famous as a tourist and health resort because of its proximity to the Dead Sea and mild climate with little rain throughout the year. It is also a gateway to Palestine from Jordan. The number of visitors to the city cannot be ignored in terms of municipal solid waste collection. It will be difficult to deal with the peak time amount generated by visitor-related industries within the capacity planned based on the average amount of municipal solid waste generated.

There have been many surveys on the number of visitors. However, as these surveys have been conducted at different locations, it is difficult to produce accurate data. However, data published by the Palestinian Tourist Police indicates that the number of peak time visitors in March and April is more than double the number in November and December during which the field survey was conducted. Based on this data, it can be estimated that a volume of municipal solid waste corresponding to some 50,000 persons is additionally generated at each peak time compared to the months in which the field survey was conducted as shown in Table 2.2.2-9.

23 Table 2.2.2-9 Number of Visitors to Jericho (2005) Month Arab Visitors Other Foreign Visitors Total January 10,344 4,633 14,977 February 8,067 4,010 12,077 March 80,330 18,429 98,759 April 84,700 8,462 93,162 May 12,870 13,816 26,686 June 5,910 9,267 15,177 July 11,360 11,513 22,873 August 15,600 14,284 29,884 September 12,480 13,874 26,354 October 8,860 17,192 26,052 November 29,000 18,265 47,265 December (Estimate) 29,000 18,265 47,265 Total 279,521 133,745 460,531 Source: Palestinian Tourist Police

Because the amount of solid waste generated by some 50,000 persons a month cannot be ignored, the generated volume of municipal solid waste in Jericho has been corrected in the following manner.

• Assuming an average length of stay in the city of one day, 50,000 persons a month means an average of some 1,667 persons a day. • The waste generated by these visitors is assumed to predominantly come from eating and drinking. The unit generation rate is, therefore, believed to be similar to the unit generation rate of domestic waste (0.7 kg/capita/day). • Based on the above, the design unit generation rate of municipal solid waste is upwardly corrected by 1.2 tons/day (0.7 kg/capita/day x 1,667 persons/day).

3) Design Collection Rate of Municipal solid waste

The municipal solid waste generated in the capital cities is believed to be almost fully collected. Even in rural municipalities, the collection rate is high in those which possess the necessary equipment. As those authorities providing a waste collection service are assumed to have sufficient know-how to plan the efficient use of equipment, including the planning of the collection and transportation routes, the application of the said know-how to areas with little waste collection can be expected by transferring the responsibility for waste collection to the JCspd.

Meanwhile, the practice of illegal dumping, including disposal on own premises, is likely to remain to a certain extent as it is practically impossible to eradicate this problem immediately.

Consequently, the collection rate of municipal solid waste is designed to be 90% and the range of equipment required to collect 90% of the generated municipal solid waste is planned under the Project.

4) Design Generated Amount and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste

Based on the examination results described so far, the design generation amount and the design collection amount of municipal solid waste by each JCspd are shown in Table 2.2.2-10 through Table2.2.2-13.

Table 2.2.2-10 Design Generation Amount and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste (Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd) Population Unit Generation Generation Amount for Design Generation Design Collection No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Rate Amount Correction Amount Collection Amount (2010) (kg/capita/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) Rate (tons/day) J-1 Jericho Jericho 22,915 1.90 43.5 + 1.2 44.7 90% 40.2 J-2 Marj Na’jeh Jericho 861 0.85 0.7 0.7 90% 0.6 J-3 Zbidat Jericho 1,504 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 J-4 Marj Al-Ghazal Jericho 432 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 J-5 Al-Jiftlik Jericho 4,939 0.85 4.2 4.2 90% 3.8 J-6 Fasayel Jericho 1,010 0.85 0.9 0.9 90% 0.8 J-7 Al-Ojah Jericho 4,501 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 J-8 Al-New’meh & Edyuk al-Foqa Jericho 2,221 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 J-9 Bardalah Tubas 1,773 0.85 1.5 1.5 90% 1.4 J-10 Ein Al-Bidah Tubas 1,215 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 J-11 Kardalah Tubas 186 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 J-12 Al-Nasaryyah Nablus 2,250 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 J-13 Bet Hasan Nablus 563 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 J-14 Ein Shibli Nablus 450 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 J-15 Froosh Bet Dajan Nablus 1,125 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 26 J-16 Al-Aqrabanyyah Nablus 1,688 0.85 1.4 1.4 90% 1.3 J-17 Nawaji Nablus 338 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 Total 47,971 64.9 + 1.2 66.1 59.7

Table 2.2.2-11 Design Generation Amount and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste (Tulkarem JCspd) Population Unit Generation Generation Amount for Design Generation Design Collection No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Rate Amount Correction Amount Collection Amount (2010) (kg/capita/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) Rate (tons/day) T-1 Tulkarem Tulkarem 60,041 1.90 114.1 114.1 90% 102.7 T-2 Ateel Tulkarem 11,581 0.85 9.8 9.8 90% 8.8 T-3 Dir Al-Ghsoon Tulkarem 10,534 0.85 9.0 9.0 90% 8.1 T-4 Qefeen Tulkarem 9,734 0.85 8.3 8.3 90% 7.5 T-5 Anabta Tulkarem 8,148 0.85 6.9 6.9 90% 6.2 T-6 Bal’a Tulkarem 8,122 0.85 6.9 6.9 90% 6.2 T-7 Ellar Tulkarem 7,661 0.85 6.5 6.5 90% 5.9 T-8 Biet Lied Tulkarem 6,582 0.85 5.6 5.6 90% 5.0 T-9 Baqa Alsharqeih Tulkarem 4,775 0.85 4.1 4.1 90% 3.7 T-10 Kufer Allabad Tulkarem 4,489 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 T-11 Zeata Tulkarem 3,500 0.85 3.0 3.0 90% 2.7 T-12 Faro’on Tulkarem 3,554 0.85 3.0 3.0 90% 2.7 T-13 Sayda Tulkarem 3,427 0.85 2.9 2.9 90% 2.6 T-14 Kufer Jamal Tulkarem 2,845 0.85 2.4 2.4 90% 2.2 T-15 Nazlet Issa Tulkarem 2,787 0.85 2.4 2.4 90% 2.2 27 T-16 Ramin Tulkarem 2,339 0.85 2.0 2.0 90% 1.8 T-17 Ektaba Tulkarem 2,200 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 T-18 Al-Nazle Al-Sharqeih Tulkarem 1,835 0.85 1.6 1.6 90% 1.4 T-19 Kufer Aboush Tulkarem 1,657 0.85 1.4 1.4 90% 1.3 T-20 Kufer Zebad Tulkarem 1,455 0.85 1.2 1.2 90% 1.1 T-21 Kufer Sour Tulkarem 1,396 0.85 1.2 1.2 90% 1.1 T-22 Shoufeh Tulkarem 1,396 0.85 1.2 1.2 90% 1.1 T-23 Al-Jarousheih Tulkarem 1,010 0.85 0.9 0.9 90% 0.8 T-24 Al-Nazle Alqrbuha Tulkarem 986 0.85 0.8 0.8 90% 0.7 T-25 Sfareen Tulkarem 1,155 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 T-26 Alras Tulkarem 564 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 T-27 Kfa Tulkarem 388 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 T-28 Al-Nazle Alwasta Tulkarem 462 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 T-29 Qor Tulkarem 361 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 T-30 Gbara Tulkarem 364 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 T-31 Almsqofa Tulkarem 236 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 T-32 Hafasy Tulkarem 179 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 T-33 Aqqaba Tulkarem 291 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 Total 166,054 204.3 - 204.3 184.2

Table 2.2.2-12 Design Generation Amount and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste (Salfeet JCspd) Population Unit Generation Generation Amount for Design Generation Design Collection No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Rate Amount Correction Amount Collection Amount (2010) (kg/capita/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) Rate (tons/day) S-1 Salfeet Salfeet 10,990 1.90 20.9 20.9 90% 18.8 S-2 Deir Istiya Salfeet 4,337 0.85 3.7 3.7 90% 3.3 S-3 Qarawat Bani Hassan Salfeet 4,182 0.85 3.6 3.6 90% 3.2 S-4 Qira Salfeet 1,156 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 S-5 Kifl Haris Salfeet 3,642 0.85 3.1 3.1 90% 2.8 S-6 Marda Salfeet 2,491 0.85 2.1 2.1 90% 1.9 S-7 Biddya Salfeet 9,378 0.85 8.0 8.0 90% 7.2 S-8 Haris Salfeet 3,450 0.85 2.9 2.9 90% 2.6 S-9 Yasuf Salfeet 1,984 0.85 1.7 1.7 90% 1.5 S-10 Mas-ha Salfeet 2,231 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 S-11 Iskaya Salfeet 1,236 0.85 1.1 1.1 90% 1.0 S-12 Sarta Salfeet 2,940 0.85 2.5 2.5 90% 2.3 S-13 Az Zawiya Salfeet 5,717 0.85 4.9 4.9 90% 4.4 S-14 Rafat Salfeet 2,270 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 S-15 Bruqin Salfeet 4,114 0.85 3.5 3.5 90% 3.2 28 S-16 Farkha Salfeet 1,725 0.85 1.5 1.5 90% 1.4 S-17 Kafr ad Dik Salfeet 5,798 0.85 4.9 4.9 90% 4.4 S-18 Deir Ballut Salfeet 4,147 0.85 3.5 3.5 90% 3.2 S-19 Khirbet Qeis Salfeet 285 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 Total 72,073 72.9 - 72.9 65.7

Table 2.2.2-13 Design Generation Amount and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste (Bethlehem JCspd) Population Unit Generation Generation Design Generation Design Collection Amount for No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Rate Amount Amount Collection Amount Correction (tons/day) (2010) (kg/capita/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) Rate (tons/day) B-1 Bethlehem Bethlehem 36,900 1.90 70.1 70.1 90% 63.1 B-2 Beit Jala Bethlehem 20,580 0.85 17.5 17.5 90% 15.8 B-3 Beit Sahour Bethlehem 18,980 0.85 16.1 16.1 90% 14.5 B-4 Al-Khder Bethlehem 11,450 0.85 9.7 9.7 90% 8.7 B-5 Al-Doha Bethlehem 8,740 0.85 7.4 7.4 90% 6.7 B-6 Beit Fajjar Bethlehem 13,460 0.85 11.4 11.4 90% 10.3 B-7 Obedeah Bethlehem 13,300 0.85 11.3 11.3 90% 10.2 B-8 Tqua Bethlehem 10,500 0.85 8.9 8.9 90% 8.0 B-9 Zaatara Bethlehem 7,600 0.85 6.5 6.5 90% 5.9 B-10 Jannata Bethlehem 6,380 0.85 5.4 5.4 90% 4.9 B-11 Nahaleen Bethlehem 7,660 0.85 6.5 6.5 90% 5.9 B-12 Husan Bethlehem 7,040 0.85 6.0 6.0 90% 5.4 B-13 Batir Bethlehem 5,200 0.85 4.4 4.4 90% 4.0 B-14 Ertas Bethlehem 4,520 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 B-15 Al-Shawawreh Bethlehem 3,650 0.85 3.1 3.1 90% 2.8 B-16 Dar Salah Bethlehem 3,730 0.85 3.2 3.2 90% 2.9 B-17 Hindaza Bethlehem 4,470 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 29 B-18 Al-Walaja Bethlehem 2,070 0.85 1.8 1.8 90% 1.6 B-19 Wadi Foukeen Bethlehem 1,490 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 B-20 Beit Taamar Bethlehem 2,360 0.85 2.0 2.0 90% 1.8 B-21 Marah Rabah Bethlehem 1,520 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 B-22 Al-Jabaa Bethlehem 1,200 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 B-23 Marah Muala Bethlehem 760 0.85 0.6 0.6 90% 0.5 B-24 Um Salamouna Bethlehem 1,000 0.85 0.9 0.9 90% 0.8 B-25 Wadi El Nees Bethlehem 960 0.85 0.8 0.8 90% 0.7 B-26 Al-Maasara Bethlehem 980 0.85 0.8 0.8 90% 0.7 B-27 Jura El-Shamaa Bethlehem 1,900 0.85 1.6 1.6 90% 1.4 B-28 Wadi Rahal Bethlehem 1,490 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 B-29 Al-Rashaydeah Bethlehem 1,330 0.85 1.1 1.1 90% 1.0 B-30 Al-Minyah Bethlehem 1,120 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 B-31 Khallet El-Haddad Bethlehem 500 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 B-32 Khallet El-Loz Bethlehem 530 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 B-33 Al-Khas & Nuaman Bethlehem 640 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 B-34 Al-Mansheyeah Bethlehem 430 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 B-35 Keesan Bethlehem 470 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 B-36 Jub-Il-Deeb Bethlehem 160 0.85 0.1 0.1 90% 0.1 Total 205,070 212.9 - 212.9 192.1

(3) Planned Landfill Sites

Under the Project, a sufficient number of equipment (vehicles) will be planned to transport solid waste to the landfill sites described below (see the Location Map at the beginning of this report for the locations of these landfill sites).

1) Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd

This JCspd plans to build a new sanitary landfill site but no concrete planning, including the selection of candidate sites, has yet been conducted as of 2005. Accordingly, this JCspd currently plans to improve and use the existing Jericho landfill site and Tubran landfill site which is run by an Israeli company in the JCspd area.

The existing Jericho landfill site will be designated the planned landfill site for south area because of (i) the capacity of its use up to the target year of 2010, (ii) the high level of awareness of the JCspd of the importance of applying adequate soil cover and (iii) the existence of a plan for technical cooperation for the improvement of landfill sites under the Related Technical Cooperation Project.

Tubran landfill site will be designated the planned landfill site for central and north areas because the site is managed in sanitary conditions by the Israeli company.

2) Tulkarem JCspd

At present, a new sanitary landfill site is being built at Jenin with the assistance of the World Bank and the European Union (EU). As this new landfill site is expected to be ready in 2006 prior to the completion of equipment procurement under the Project, the Tulkarem JCspd plans to transport collected municipal solid waste to this landfill site using the equipment provided under the Project.

3) Salfeet JCspd

It is almost certain that the area of the Salfeet JCspd will be divided into three areas, i.e. South, East and West, by the separation wall which is being constructed by the Government of Israel.

Therefore, the Salfeet JCspd plans to divide the solid waste collection work to ensure a steady collection and transportation service in each divided area.

In regard to the landfill site, although the PNA plans to build a new sanitary landfill site to cover the Salfeet JCspd area, no concrete planning is in progress as in the case of the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd. Accordingly, the current plan is to continue to use the existing landfill sites (Salfeet landfill site for the South, Istiya landfill site for the East and Az Zawiya landfill site for the West). These three existing landfill sites will be designated the planned landfill sites because of (i) the capacity of their use up to the target year of 2010 and (ii) the high level of awareness of the JCspd of the importance of applying adequate soil cover.

4) Bethlehem JCspd

At present, the Bethlehem JCspd mainly uses the Eizariya landfill site (located in the Jerusalem Governorate) run by an Israeli company. This JCspd plans to build a new sanitary landfill site to be run by the Palestinian side but no concrete planning is in progress as in the case of the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd. Accordingly, the Bethlehem JCspd believes that the continued use of the Eizariya landfill site will be necessary.

As the application of covering soil is adequately conducted at the Eizariya landfill site, few problem is anticipated in terms of hygiene. Therefore, this landfill site will be designated the planned landfill site.

The Israeli side has commenced a plan to relocate the Eizariya landfill site to Mishor Adummim located some 10 km to the east and this relocation work is expected to be completed by 2007 or 2008. Because the relocation distance is short, no adverse impacts on the equipment plan under the Project are anticipated due to this relocation.

2.2.2.3 Municipal solid waste Collection and Transportation Equipment Plan

(1) Types of Collection and Transportation Systems Corresponding to Transportation Distance

The landfill sites described in 2.2.2.2 are varying distances from the collection points even in the same JCspd area and the application of a single collection and transportation system throughout the area will be difficult. Accordingly, collection and transportation systems are classified into the following types for the preparation of the respective equipment plan.

Type 1 System: The distance to the landfill site is generally within 5 km, resulting in a short transportation time. After collection, the compactor trucks directly transport the waste to the landfill site and continually collect waste from different collection points to repeat the collection and transportation process. In general, the collection and transportation efficiency is not much different among the types of applied vehicle.

Type 2 System: The distance to the landfill site is medium at approximately 10 – 40 km. In principle, the collection and direct transportation of the waste by the compactor trucks is repeated as in the case of Type 1 system. The use of skip/hook loader trucks is less efficient in terms of the operating cost because the transportation amount is relatively smaller compared to the number of trips.

Type 3 System: The distance to the landfill site is quite long of 50 km or more and it is difficult to achieve efficient transfer operation. In this case, the compactor trucks directly transport the collected waste to the landfill site as in the case of Type 1 system. In general, compactor trucks can only make approximately 1 – 1.5 trips a day.

Type 4 System: The long distance to the landfill site makes direct transportation inefficient but a high efficiency of transfer operation can be achieved. In this case, transfer operation will be introduced.

(2) Verification of Efficiency of Each Collection and Transportation Type

1) Capacity of Collection/Transportation Truck per Vehicle per Trip

The collection and transportation trucks widely used in the West Bank can be generally classified into those listed below and the collection/transportation capacity of each type of truck is examined in this Study. In view of the road situation in the West Bank where the road width is quite narrow in some areas, the use of 15 m3 class dump trucks for transfer operation is judged to be suitable. This type of truck is, therefore, also added to the subject trucks for examination.

• 5 m3 class compactor truck • 8 m3 class compactor truck • 12 m3 class compactor truck • 8 m3 class skip/hook loader truck • 15 m3 class dump truck

The calculated collection/transportation capacity by truck and by trip is shown in Table 2.2.2- 14. Because of the difficulty of ensuring a full load every trip, the loading rate is set at 90%. In the case of skip/hook loader trucks, a container loading rate of 80% is used as the loading rate. Given the need to consider holidays at a rate of approximately one day a week, the operation rate is set at 86%.

Table 2.2.2-14 Collection/Transportation Capacity per Truck per Trip Nominal Capacity of Truck Loading Operation Effective No. Type Bulk Density Rate Rate Capacity m3 tons (tons/m3) (%) (%) (tons) 1 5 m3 Compactor Truck 5 2.5 0.50 90% 86% 1.9 2 8 m3 Compactor Truck 8 4.0 0.50 90% 86% 3.1 3 12 m3 Compactor Truck 12 6.0 0.50 90% 86% 4.6 4 8 m3 Skip/Hook Loader Truck 8 2.0 0.25 80% 86% 1.4 5 15 m3 Garbage Dump Truck 15 5.3 0.35 90% 86% 4.1

The average number of containers handled on each trip of a single collection/transportation truck is shown in Table 2.2.2-15. The container loading rate is set at 80% to prevent any spillage of the waste from the containers.

Table 2.2.2-15 Number of Containers Handled on Each Trip of Collection/Transportation Truck Nominal Capacity Loading Effective No. of of Container No. Type Rate Capacity Containers Bulk Density m3 tons (%) (tons) per Trip (tons/m3) 1 Container for 5 m3 Compactor Truck 0.6 0.2 0.25 80% 0.2 12 2 Container for 8 m3 Compactor Truck 1.1 0.3 0.25 80% 0.2 16 3 Container for 12 m3 Compactor 1.1 0.3 0.25 80% 0.2 23 Truck 4 Container for 8 m3 Skip/Hook 8.0 2.0 0.25 80% 1.6 1 Loader Truck

2) Capacity of Collection/Transportation Truck per Vehicle per Day

Considering the transportation distance in addition to the capacity per trip, the capacity of a collection/transportation truck per vehicle per day can be calculated in the following manner. Duration of the work per day is set at seven hours (one hour out of 7 is for daily inspection for beginning and ending operation). The unloading time at the landfill site and the travelling time to the next collection point are included in the transportation/stand-by time.

c Type 1 System (Distance to Landfill Site up to Approximately 5 km)

The calculated collection/transportation capacity per truck per day for this type of collection and transportation system is shown in Table 2.2.2-16. Apart from the 5 m3 class compactor trucks, all of the trucks have a similar capacity per truck per day.

Although the capacity of a 5 m3 class compactor truck is comparatively low, the price is generally some 50 % that of a 12 m3 class compactor truck. Therefore, the cost efficiency of a 5 m3 class compactor truck is judged to be equivalent to that of other types of trucks. 5 m3 class compactor trucks are effective in small communities where the use of medium or large compactor trucks results in over-capacity.

The highest capacity is afforded by 8 m3 class skip/hook loader trucks but their targeted use at markets and in light commercial or industrial areas where a large volume of municipal solid waste is generated should be more effective because of the limited space for container sites. In general residential areas, compactor trucks using small containers should prove to be more effective.

Table 2.2.2-16 Capacity of Collection/Transportation Trucks per Vehicle per Day (Type 1 System) Single Trip in Minutes Collectable Average Loading Total Load- Average No. of No. of No. Type of Truck Time per ing Time for Transport/ Total in Total in Capacity Containers Trips per Container Average No. Stand-by Minutes Hours (tons/day) per Trip Day of Containers 5 m3 Class Compactor 1 12 4 48 40 88 1.5 4.0 7.6 Truck 8 m3 Class Compactor 2 16 4 64 40 104 1.7 3.5 10.9 Truck 12 m3 Class 3 23 4 92 40 132 2.2 2.7 12.4 Compactor Truck 8 m3 Class Skip/Hook 4 1 5 5 30 35 0.6 10.0 14.0 Loader Truck

d Type 2 System (Distance to Landfill Site of Some 10 – 40 km)

The calculated collection/transportation capacity per vehicle per day is shown in Table 2.2.2-17. Because of the longer transportation distance after collection than the Type 1 system, the number of feasible trips per day is judged to be some 30 – 50% of the Type 1 system. The introduction of transfer operation will require wheel loaders and dump trucks as described for the Type 4 system, resulting in a higher total input than in the case of direct transportation. In principle, therefore, transfer operation should not be introduced for the Type 2 system.

8 m3 class skip/hook loader trucks of which the capacity is assessed to be high in the Type 1 system will find it difficult to make a large number of trips in the Type 2 system, resulting in a decline of the capacity per vehicle.

Table 2.2.2-17 Capacity of Collection/Transportation Trucks per Vehicle per Day (Type 2 System) Single Trip in Minutes Collectable Average Loading Total Load- Total in Average No. of No. of No. Type of Truck Time per ing Time for Transport/ Total in Hours Capacity Containers Trips per Container Average No. Stand-by Minutes (tons/day) per Trip Day of Containers 5 m3 Class Compactor 1 12 4 48 120 168 2.8 2.1 4.0 Truck 8 m3 Class Compactor 2 16 4 64 120 184 3.1 1.9 5.9 Truck 12 m3 Class 3 23 4 92 120 212 3.5 1.7 7.8 Compactor Truck 8 m3 Class Skip/Hook 4 1 5 5 120 125 2.1 2.9 4.1 Loader Truck

e Type 3 System (Distance to Landfill Site of some 50 km)

The calculated collection/transportation capacity per vehicle per day is shown in Table 2.2.2-18. Because of the long transportation distance involved, when a collection truck travels to the landfill site, the frequency of the number of trips per day is restricted to approximately 1 – 1.5 for compactor trucks and a little less of twice for 8 m3 class skip/hook loader trucks. Accordingly, the quantity of vehicles required is 3 – 5 times more than in the case of the Type 1 system, resulting in a quite low operation cost efficiency.

Table 2.2.2-18 Capacity of Collection/Transportation Trucks per Vehicle per Day (Type 3 System) Single Trip in Minutes Collectable Average Loading Total Load- Total in Average No. of No. of No. Type of Truck Time per ing Time for Transport/ Total in Hours Capacity Containers Trips per Container Average No. Stand-by Minutes (tons/day) per Trip Day of Containers 1 5 m3 Class Compactor 12 4 48 200 248 4.1 1.5 2.9 Truck 2 8 m3 Class Compactor 16 4 64 200 264 4.4 1.4 4.3 Truck 3 12 m3 Class 23 4 92 200 292 4.9 1.2 5.5 Compactor Truck 4 8 m3 Class Skip/Hook 1 5 5 200 205 3.4 1.8 2.5 Loader Truck

f Type 4 System (Introduction of Transfer Operation)

At present, there is no practice of transfer operation in the Project Areas and no transfer station exists. When transfer stations are introduced, there is a risk of the inadequate operation and maintenance of such stations because of insufficient know-how. Therefore, the simplest method where a wheel loader is used to reload the collected solid waste from a compactor truck to a transfer truck is appropriate for transfer.

In the West Bank which has many narrow roads, the routine operation of large trailers is difficult. The use of 15 m3 class garbage dump trucks as transfer trucks is judged to be appropriate because of the need for vehicles capable of conducting versatile operation. The operational capacity of such 15 m3 class garbage dump trucks is calculated as shown in Table 2.2.2.19.

Table 2.2.2-19 Capacity of Collection/Transportation Trucks per Vehicle per Day (Type 4 System) Single Trip in Minutes Average Return Transport/ Feasible Average Journey Loading No. Type of Truck Stand-by Total in Total in No. of Capacity Distance in Time in Time in Minutes Hours Trips per (tons/day) Km Minutes Minutes Day 10 10 30 40 0.7 8.6 35.3 1 15 m3 Garbage Dump Truck 60 10 120 130 2.2 2.7 11.1 100 10 200 210 3.5 1.7 7.0 Note: This table shows the transfer truck capacity. The Type 1 or Type 2 system will apply for collection.

A single wheel loader is well capable of loading three or four times a day, including the travelling time. Given the capacity per vehicle per trip of a 15 m3 class garbage dump truck of 4 tons/vehicle/trip, it is difficult to achieve the efficient operation of a wheel loader unless a transfer volume of some 12 tons is available.

3) Comparison and Verification

As it is clear that a transfer amount of at least some 12 tons is necessary in the case of the Type 4 system, the number of vehicles required for the collection and transportation of 12 tons of solid was compared between direct transportation (Type 1 system through Type 3 system) and transfer operation (Type 4 system). The results are shown in Table 2.2.2-20.

Table 2.2.2-20 Comparison of Required Number of Vehicles Between Direct Transportation and Transfer Operation Transfer Operation 1) Better Direct Transportation Transfer Wheel Method Collection Vehicle Vehicle Loader in Terms Total No. Vehicle Type of No. of No. of Average Capacity Required Average Capacity Required Required Required Vehicles Vehicles (tons/vehicle/day) No. 2) (tons/vehicle/day) No. No. No. to be Operated Comparison Between Type1 and Type4 5 m3 Compactor 1 7.6 1.6 7.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 3.6 Direct Truck 8 m3 Compactor 2 10.9 1.1 10.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 3.1 Direct Truck 12 m3 Compactor 3 12.4 1.0 12.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 Direct Truck 8 m3 Skip/Hook 4 14.0 0.9 14.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.9 Direct Loader Truck Comparison Between Type 2 and Type 4 5 m3 Compactor 1 4.0 3.0 7.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 3.6 Direct Truck 8 m3 Compactor 2 5.9 2.0 10.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 3.1 Direct Truck 12 m3 Compactor 3 7.8 1.5 12.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 Direct Truck 8 m3 Skip/Hook 4 4.1 3.0 14.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.9 Either Loader Truck Comparison Between Type 3 and Type 4 5 m3 Compactor 1 2.9 4.2 7.6 1.6 1.0 1.0 3.6 Transfer Truck 8 m3 Compactor 2 4.3 2.8 10.9 1.1 1.0 1.0 3.1 Either Truck 12 m3 Compactor 3 5.5 2.2 12.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 Direct Truck 8 m3 Skip/Hook 4 2.5 4.8 14.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 2.9 Transfer Loader Truck Notes 1) In the case of transfer operation, the transfer station must be located near the collection points. Accordingly, the number of required collection vehicles for transfer operation is calculated in line with the Type 1 system.

The followings are cleared from the above table.

• Type 1 and 2 systems are more efficient than that of Type 4. • Type 3 system is less efficient than that of Type 4 except using larger capacity compactor truck. In case of using 12 m3 compactor truck, Type 3 system is profitable. • For locations having a distance of 50 km for landfill site, transfer operation is judged to be efficient for small and/or medium size truck collection.

(3) Design Flow of Municipal solid waste Management

Based on the examination results described so far, the design flow of municipal solid waste management for each JCspd is determined as explained below.

1) Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area

This JCspd area stretches some 60 km in the north-south direction. Based on the location of the planned landfill sites and the existing or past solid waste collection system, the Project Area can be divided into four blocks, i.e. North, Northwest, Central and South, as shown on the Location Map at the beginning of this report.

Table 2.2.2-21 shows the local authorities and the design collection volume of municipal solid waste in each block. The city of Jericho where the capital city of Jericho Governorate is located belongs to the South Block.

Table 2.2.2-21 Blocks of the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste Additional Design Population Unit Generation Generation Amount Design Design Collection Generation Block No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Rate Amount for Collection Amount Amount (2010) (kg/capita/day) (tons/day) Collection Rate (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) J-9 Bardalah Tubas 1,773 0.85 1.5 1.5 90% 1.4 North J-10 Ein Al-Bidah Tubas 1,215 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 2.5 J-11 Kardalah Tubas 186 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 J-12 Al-Nasaryyah Nablus 2,250 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 J-13 Bet Hasan Nablus 563 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 Northwest J-14 Ein Shibli Nablus 450 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 4.2 J-16 Al-Aqrabanyyah Nablus 1,688 0.85 1.4 1.4 90% 1.3 14.4 J-17 Nawaji Nablus 338 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 J-2 Marj Na’jeh Jericho 861 0.85 0.7 0.7 90% 0.6 J-3 Zbidat Jericho 1,504 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 J-4 Marj Al-Ghazal Jericho 432 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 Central 7.7 J-5 Al-Jiftlik Jericho 4,939 0.85 4.2 4.2 90% 3.8 40 J-6 Fasayel Jericho 1,010 0.85 0.9 0.9 90% 0.8 J-15 Froosh Bet Dajan Nablus 1,125 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 J-1 Jericho Jericho 22,915 1.90 43.5 1.2 44.7 90% 40.2 J-7 Al-Ojah Jericho 4,501 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 South 45.3 45.3 Al-New’meh & J-8 Jericho 2,221 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 Edyuk al-Foqa Total 39,508 64.9 1.2 66.1 59.7 59.7 59.7

The characteristics of each block and the required type of collection and transportation system are described in Table 2.2.2-22.

Table 2.2.2-22 Characteristics of Each Block of the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area Approximate Distance from Applicable Block Characteristics and Assessment Results Planned System Type Landslide Site 35 km North Type 2 system is suitable in view of the distance. Type 2 (Tubran) 30 km Northwest Type 2 system is suitable in view of the distance. Type 2 (Tubran) 20 km Central Type 2 system is suitable in view of the distance. Type 2 (Tubran) This block includes Jericho which generates the largest amount of municipal solid waste. Although the distance from Al Ouja to the 5 km planned landfill site is approximately 10 km, the amount of solid South Type 1 (Jericho) waste generated in Al Ouja only accounts for 7.5% of the total. In general, the distance to the planned landfill site is very short and the application of the Type 1 system is judged to be appropriate.

The flow of municipal solid waste under the systems to be applied is shown in Fig. 2.2.2-1.

North Generated 2.7t/day Self Disposal Collected 0.2t/day 2.5t/day

Northwest Generated 4.5t/day

Self Disposal Collected 0.3t/day 4.2t/day

Central Disposal Generated 8.5t/day Tubran landfill 14.4t/day Self Disposal Collected 0.8t/day 7.7t/day

South Disposal Generated 49.2t/day Jericho landfill Self Disposal Collected 45.3t/day 3.9t/day 45.3t/day

Fig. 2.2.2-1 Flow of Municipal solid waste Generated in the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area (2010)

2) Tulkarem JCspd Area

The Tulkarem JCspd has designated the new Jenin landfill site which is currently under construction as the planned landfill site. This landfill site is located in the northeast of the Governorate of Tulkarem and is some 35 km from Tulkarem which is the capital city of the governorate. The distance from the Southern Blocks of this JCspd area is approximately 50 km.

Based on the location of the planned landfill site and the existing or past solid waste collection system, the Project Area can be divided into four blocks, i.e. North, Central, Southwest and Southeast, as shown on the Location Map. Table 2.2.2-23 shows the local authorities and the design collection amount of municipal solid waste in each block. The Central Block consists of the city of Tulkarem which generates the largest amounts of municipal solid waste in this JCspd area.

Table 2.2.2-23 Blocks of the Tulkarem JCspd Area and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste Additional Design Population Generation Design Design Collection Unit Generation Rate Amount for Generation Block No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Amount Collection Amount (kg/capita/day) Collection Amount (2010) (tons/day) Rate (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) T-2 Ateel Tulkarem 11,581 0.85 9.8 9.8 90% 8.8 T-3 Dir Al-Ghsoon Tulkarem 10,534 0.85 9.0 9.0 90% 8.1 T-4 Qefeen Tulkarem 9,734 0.85 8.3 8.3 90% 7.5 T-7 Ellar Tulkarem 7,661 0.85 6.5 6.5 90% 5.9 T-9 Baqa Alsharqeih Tulkarem 4,775 0.85 4.1 4.1 90% 3.7 T-11 Zeata Tulkarem 3500 0.85 3.0 3.0 90% 2.7 T-13 Sayda Tulkarem 3,427 0.85 2.9 2.9 90% 2.6 North T-15 Nazlet Issa Tulkarem 2,787 0.85 2.4 2.4 90% 2.2 45.2 Al-Nazle Al- T-18 Tulkarem 1,835 0.85 1.6 1.6 90% 1.4 Sharqeih T-23 Al-Jarousheih Tulkarem 1,010 0.85 0.9 0.9 90% 0.8 T-24 Al-Nazle Alqrbuha Tulkarem 986 0.85 0.8 0.8 90% 0.7 T-28 Al-Nazle Alwasta Tulkarem 462 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 T-31 Almsqofa Tulkarem 236 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 T-33 Aqqaba Tulkarem 291 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 Central T-1 Tulkarem Tulkarem 60,041 1.90 114.1 114.1 90% 102.7 102.7 43 T-12 Faro’on Tulkarem 3,554 0.85 3.0 3.0 90% 2.7 T-14 Kufer Jamal Tulkarem 2,845 0.85 2.4 2.4 90% 2.2 T-19 Kufer Aboush Tulkarem 1,657 0.85 1.4 1.4 90% 1.3

T-20 Kufer Zebad Tulkarem 1,455 0.85 1.2 1.2 90% 1.1 T-21 Kufer Sour Tulkarem 1,396 0.85 1.2 1.2 90% 1.1 Southwest T-22 Shoufeh Tulkarem 1,396 0.85 1.2 1.2 90% 1.1 T-26 Alras Tulkarem 564 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 T-27 Kfa Tulkarem 388 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 T-29 Qor Tulkarem 361 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 11.1 T-30 Gbara Tulkarem 364 0.85 0.3 0.3 90% 0.3 T-32 Hafasy Tulkarem 179 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 T-5 Anabta Tulkarem 8,148 0.85 6.9 6.9 90% 6.2 T-6 Bal’a Tulkarem 8,122 0.85 6.9 6.9 90% 6.2 T-8 Biet Leid Tulkarem 6,582 0.85 5.6 5.6 90% 5.0 Southeast T-10 Kufer Allabad Tulkarem 4,489 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 25.2 T-16 Ramin Tulkarem 2,339 0.85 2.0 2.0 90% 1.8 T-17 Ektaba Tulkarem 2,200 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 T-25 Sfareen Tulkarem 1,155 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 Total 166,054 204.3 0 204.3 184.2 184.2

The characteristics of each block and the collection and transportation system of which the application is required are described in Table 2.2.2-24.

Table 2.2.2-24 Characteristics of Each Block of the Tulkarem JCspd Area Approximate Distance from Applicable Block Characteristics and Assessment Results Planned System Type Landslide Site In view of the distance, the introduction of the Type 2 system of North 20 km Type 2 direct transportation will provide a sufficient service. In view of the distance, the introduction of the Type 2 system of Central 35 km Type 2 direct transportation will provide a sufficient service. From the viewpoint of the distance, Type 4 with transfer operation is Type 4 appropriate since the existing trucks are 5m3 compactor trucks. As 50 km (Type 1 for the design collection amount is 11.1 tons/day, 3 trips operation of collection) transfer truck is necessary. Therefore it satisfies the condition of Southwest 35 km from Transfer at efficient transfer operation. the planned the existing

transfer site Faro’on In case of introducing transfer operation, the existing capacity is Landfill site enough for waste collection. From the viewpoint of the distance, Type 4 with transfer operation is Type 4 capable since the existing trucks are 8m3 compactor trucks. As the (Type 1 for 50 km design collection amount is 25.2 tons/day, it satisfies the condition of collection)

efficient transfer operation. The JCspd has a high intent of transfer Transfer at Southeast 35 km from system. the existing the planned Anabta transfer site In case of introducing 12m3 compactor trucks as new collection Dumping truck, direct transportation of the new truck is more efficient. Site The flow of municipal solid waste under the applicable systems is shown in Fig. 2.2.2-2.

North Disposal Generated 50.1t/day Jenin landfill Self Disposal Collected 184.2t/day 4.9t/day 45.2t/day

Central Generated 114.1t/day Self Disposal Collected 11.4t/day 102.7t/day

Transfer Transfer at Faro'on at Anabta 11.1t/day 25.2t/day

Southwest Southeast Generated 12.0t/day Generated 28.1t/day Self Disposal Collected Self Disposal Collected 0.9t/day 11.1t/day 2.9t/day 25.2t/day

Fig. 2.2.2-2 Flow of Municipal solid waste Generated in the Tulkarem JCspd Area (2010)

3) Salfeet JCspd Area

The Salfeet JCspd area can be divided into three blocks, i.e. South, East and West, based on the wall separating the West Bank from Israel and the existing/past municipal solid waste collection systems. Residential areas are spread over a distance of 5 – 10 km in each block and a landfill site is planned for each block. Table 2.2.2-25 shows the local authorities and the design collection amount of municipal solid waste in each block. The city of Salfeet where the capital city of the governorate is located belongs to the South Block.

Table 2.2.2-25 Blocks of the Salfeet JCspd Area and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste Additional Design Population Unit Generation Generation Amount Design Design Collection Generation Block No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Rate Amount for Collection Amount Amount (2010) (kg/capita/day) (tons/day) Collection Rate (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) S-1 Salfeet Salfeet 10,990 1.90 20.9 20.9 90% 18.8 S-9 Yasuf Salfeet 1,984 0.85 1.7 1.7 90% 1.5 S-11 Iskaya Salfeet 1,236 0.85 1.1 1.1 90% 1.0 South S-15 Bruqin Salfeet 4,114 0.85 3.5 3.5 90% 3.2 30.5 S-16 Farkha Salfeet 1,725 0.85 1.5 1.5 90% 1.3 S-17 Kafr ad Dik Salfeet 5,798 0.85 4.9 4.9 90% 4.4 S-19 Khirbet Qeis Salfeet 285 0.85 0.2 0.2 90% 0.2 S-2 Deir Istiya Salfeet 4,337 0.85 3.7 3.7 90% 3.3 S-4 Qira Salfeet 1,156 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 East S-5 Kifl Haris Salfeet 3,642 0.85 3.1 3.1 90% 2.8 11.5 S-6 Marda Salfeet 2,491 0.85 2.1 2.1 90% 1.9 S-8 Haris Salfeet 3,450 0.85 2.9 2.9 90% 2.6 Qarawat Beni 46 S-3 Salfeet 4,182 0.85 3.6 3.6 90% 3.2 Hassan S-7 Biddya Salfeet 9,378 0.85 8.0 8.0 90% 7.2 S-10 Mas-ha Salfeet 2,231 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 West 23.7 S-12 Sarta Salfeet 2,940 0.85 2.5 2.5 90% 2.3 S-13 Az Zawiya Salfeet 5,717 0.85 4.9 4.9 90% 4.4 S-14 Rafat Salfeet 2,270 0.85 1.9 1.9 90% 1.7 S-18 Deir Ballut Salfeet 4,147 0.85 3.5 3.5 90% 3.2 Total 72,073 72.9 72.9 65.7 65.7

The characteristics of each block and the collection and transportation system of which the application is required are described in Table 2.2.2-26.

Table 2.2.2-26 Characteristics of Each Block of the Salfeet JCspd Area Approximate Distance from Applicable Block Characteristics and Assessment Results Planned System Type Landslide Site The municipal solid waste generating areas are some 5 km away South 5 km from the planned landfill site and the Type 1 system will provide an Type 1 adequate service East 5 km As above Type 1 West 5 km As above Type 1

The flow of municipal solid waste under the applicable systems is shown in Fig. 2.2.2-3.

South Disposal Generated 33.8t/day Salfeet landfill Self Disposal Collected 30.5t/日 3.3t/day 30.5t/day

East Disposal Generated 12.8t/day Istiya landfill Self Disposal Collected 11.5t/day 1.3t/day 11.5t/day

West Disposal Generated 26.3t/day Az Zawiya landfill Self Disposal Collected 23.7t/day 2.6t/day 23.7t/day

Fig. 2.2.2-3 Flow of Municipal solid waste Generated in the Salfeet JCspd Area (2010)

4) Bethlehem JCspd Area

The planned landfill site for this JCspd is the Eizariya Landfill Site. Although the area covered by the governorate is huge, residential areas are generally concentrated in a 10 km square area. Even though the Eizariya Landfill Site is situated in the neighbouring Governorate of Jerusalem, the transportation distance is generally within 30 km.

The Bethlehem JCspd area can be divided into three blocks, i.e. North, West and East, based on the existing/past municipal solid waste collection systems. Table 2.2.2-27 shows the local

authorities and the design collection amount of municipal solid waste in each block. The city of Bethlehem where the capital city of the governorate is located belongs to the North Block.

Table 2.2.2-27 Blocks of the Bethlehem JCspd Area and Design Collection Amount of Municipal solid waste Additional Design Population Generation Design Design Collection Unit Generation Rate Amount for Generation Block No. Local Authority Governorate Forecast Amount Collection Amount (kg/capita/day) Collection Amount (2010) (tons/day) Rate (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) B-1 Bethlehem Bethlehem 36,900 1.90 70.1 70.1 90% 63.1 B-2 Beit Jala Bethlehem 20,580 0.85 17.5 17.5 90% 15.8 North B-3 Beit Sahour Bethlehem 18,980 0.85 16.1 16.1 90% 14.5 108.8 B-4 Al-Khder Bethlehem 11,450 0.85 9.7 9.7 90% 8.7 B-5 Al-Doha Bethlehem 8,740 0.85 7.4 7.4 90% 6.7 B-6 Beit Fajjar Bethlehem 13,460 0.85 11.4 11.4 90% 10.3 B-11 Nahaleen Bethlehem 7,660 0.85 6.5 6.5 90% 5.9 B-12 Husan Bethlehem 7,040 0.85 6.0 6.0 90% 5.4 B-13 Batir Bethlehem 5,200 0.85 4.4 4.4 90% 4.0 B-14 Ertas Bethlehem 4,520 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 B-18 Al-Walaja Bethlehem 2,070 0.85 1.8 1.8 90% 1.6 B-19 Wadi Foukeen Bethlehem 1,490 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 B-21 Marah Rabah Bethlehem 1,520 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 West B-22 Al-Jabaa Bethlehem 1,200 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 40.0 B-23 Marah Muala Bethlehem 760 0.85 0.6 0.6 90% 0.5 B-24 Um Salamouna Bethlehem 1,000 0.85 0.9 0.9 90% 0.8 B-25 Wadi El Nees Bethlehem 960 0.85 0.8 0.8 90% 0.7 49 B-26 Al-Maasara Bethlehem 980 0.85 0.8 0.8 90% 0.7 B-27 Jura El-Shamaa Bethlehem 1,900 0.85 1.6 1.6 90% 1.4 B-28 Wadi Rahal Bethlehem 1,490 0.85 1.3 1.3 90% 1.2 B-31 Khallet El-Haddad Bethlehem 500 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 B-34 Al-Mansheyeah Bethlehem 430 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 B-7 Obedeah Bethlehem 13,300 0.85 11.3 11.3 90% 10.2 B-8 Tqua Bethlehem 10,500 0.85 8.9 8.9 90% 8.0 B-9 Zaatara Bethlehem 7,600 0.85 6.5 6.5 90% 5.9 B-10 Jannata Bethlehem 6,380 0.85 5.4 5.4 90% 4.9 B-15 Al-Shawawreh Bethlehem 3,650 0.85 3.1 3.1 90% 2.8 B-16 Dar Salah Bethlehem 3,730 0.85 3.2 3.2 90% 2.9 B-17 Hindaza Bethlehem 4,470 0.85 3.8 3.8 90% 3.4 East 43.3 B-20 Beit Taamar Bethlehem 2,360 0.85 2.0 2.0 90% 1.8 B-29 Al-Rashaydeah Bethlehem 1,330 0.85 1.1 1.1 90% 1.0 B-30 Al-Minyah Bethlehem 1,120 0.85 1.0 1.0 90% 0.9 B-32 Khallet El-Loz Bethlehem 530 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 B-33 Al-Khas & Nuaman Bethlehem 640 0.85 0.5 0.5 90% 0.5 B-35 Keesan Bethlehem 470 0.85 0.4 0.4 90% 0.4 B-36 Jul-Il-Deeb Bethlehem 160 0.85 0.1 0.1 90% 0.1 Total 205,070 212.9 212.9 192.1 192.1

The characteristics of each block and the collection and transportation system of which the application is required are described in Table2. 2.2-28.

Table 2.2.2-28 Characteristics of Each Block of the Bethlehem JCspd Area Approximate Distance from Applicable Block Characteristics and Assessment Results Planned System Type Landslide Site The distance from the planned landfill site to the municipal solid North 10 km waste generating areas allows direct transportation and the Type 2 Type 2 system will provide an adequate service. West 20 km As above Type 2 East 30 km As above Type 2

The flow of municipal solid waste under the applicable systems is shown in Fig. 2.2.2-4.

North Generated 120.8t/day

Self Disposal Collected 12.0t/day 108.8t/day

West Disposal Generated 44.3t/day Eizariya landfill Self Disposal Collected 192.3t/day 4.3t/day 40.0t/day

East Generated 47.8t/day Self Disposal Collected 4.5t/day 43.3t/day

Fig. 2.2.2-4 Flow of Municipal solid waste Generated in the Bethlehem JCspd Area (2010)

(4) Types of Planned Equipment

For the planning and selection of the equipment types, the following conditions must be taken into consideration.

• The same types of equipment should be introduced as much as possible for facilitating the sharing of operation and maintenance know-how by the four JCspds.

• The equipment to be selected should be wide use equipment as much as possible to make the repair and procurement of spare parts easier.

• When the Type 1 collection and transportation system where the destination, i.e. the landfill site, is very near is applied, the efficiency is approximately same for all types of equipment.

• When the Type 2 collection and transportation system where the equipment efficiency varies from one type of equipment to another, efficient type in capacity is appropriate. However utilization in narrow streets is considered.

• A large skip/hook loader truck makes it difficult to secure sites for the relevant containers. In contrast, a small loader truck is less efficient because of the smaller solid waste handling volume per trip.

• Restriction of the use of skip/hook loader trucks in market areas and commercial/industrial areas where the generated solid waste amount is large is necessary.

• Large vehicles, such as trailers, are unsuitable for the West Bank because of the existence of many narrow streets.

Based on the above conditions, the following types of equipment will be introduced.

1) Collection and Transportation Vehicles

8 m3 or 12 m3 class compactor trucks will be selected as the main vehicles to achieve uniformity of the vehicle type and better efficiency. Skip/hook loader trucks will be introduced in those areas with a large waste generation volume. The container capacity for these loader trucks will be 8 m3 from views of container space and transportation efficiency. While the hook type loading method1 which is commonly used in Palestine will be adopted.

In regard to transfer vehicles, 15 m3 class garbage dump trucks which are rather small for transfer operation will be introduced. With the introduction of this type of vehicle, it will be

1 Arms are mounted on to the truck bed and these arms which are hooked on to a container are folded to load the container to the bed.

possible to secure the truck body with a relatively large capacity compared to the maximum loading weight. Because the chassis weight of these trucks can be lighter than that of ordinary dump trucks to transport soil, the investment efficiency is higher.

2) Loading Equipment for Transfer Operation

The type of loading equipment with the highest operating efficiency on flat land is a wheel loader for exclusive use for loading. In order to quickly load waste to a 15 m3 class garbage dump truck of which the height is as high as some 3 m, a wheel loader with a 2 m3 class bucket is required. As this type of equipment has a high level of wide use applicability, it is advantageous in terms of the repair and procurement of spare parts in the West Bank. Accordingly, wheel loaders with a 2 m3 class bucket will be introduced.

(5) Utilisation of Existing Equipment

As of 2005, much of the existing equipment is less than 10 years old, much of which can be used in the target year of 2010 of the Project. Therefore, the types and quantities of the equipment to be procured under the Project will be those to complement the existing equipment to deal with the design collection amount of municipal solid waste.

However, some existing equipment shows signs of aging and will require more frequent maintenance and repair before 2010. In short, it is believed that the capacity of the existing equipment will decline in the following manner. Table 2.2.2-29 shows the design capacity of the existing equipment, taking the decline of the capacity into consideration.

• Equipment of which the age is less than 10 years old in 2010 will have been able to operate favourable and it is assumed that the current average operating rate will be maintained.

• Equipment of which the age is more than 10 years old up to 15 years old in 2010 will have experienced the start of the aging process, requiring more time for maintenance and repair. The capacity of this kind of equipment in 2010 is assumed to be some 75% of the current average operating rate.

• Equipment of which the age in 2010 exceeds 15 years old up to 20 years old will have aged, requiring much longer as well as more frequent maintenance and repair work. For the design of the Project, it is assumed that the capacity of this kind of equipment in 2010 will be some 50% of the current average operating rate with the expectation of its effective use as much as possible.

• Equipment of which the age in 2010 exceeds 20 years old will have incurred a high repair and maintenance cost. This equipment will, therefore, be withdrawn from service.

• Equipment of which the current operating rate is some 50% due to major damage will be withdrawn from service (except that which can be locally repaired).

Table 2.2.2-29 Design Capacity of Existing Equipment Capacity in 2005 Estimated Capacity in 2010 Capacity Rate CollectRate Collect No. JCspd Block Current User Type Maker Year Fund Trip/ Trip/ Remark Compactor Containaer Truck Truck Load Ope WasteSystem Load Ope Waste D D 5 8 9 111315254 8 122.57 1518 % % t/D % % t/D

1 Jericho North Bardalah and others Compactor 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan - - - - Type 2 2 90% 75% 3.4 and Jordan Central Zbidat and others Compactor 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan - - - - Type 2 2 90% 75% 3.4 River Rift South Jericho Compactor 2 SP Nissan 1997 Spain 2 90% 50% 7.2 Type 1 4 90% 0% 0.0 one is out of order Valley Skip Loader 1 SP Nissan 1997 Spain 8 80% 100% 6.4 10 80% 75% 6.0 Hook Loader1 Mercedes 1984 8 80% 100% 12.8 10 80% 0% 0.0 ditto1 Volvo 1990 8 80% 100% 12.8 10 80% 0% 0.0 ditto1 SP Nissan 1997 Spain ------difficult to repair Al Ojah and others Compactor 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 4.3 90% 100% 9.7 4 90% 75% 6.8 Total 320000013 0000 48.9 19.6

2 Tulkarem North Ateel and others Compactor 1 Volvo 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 3.6 Type 2 2 90% 75% 5.4 Dir Al Ghsoon and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 3 90% 100% 6.8 2 90% 75% 3.4 Qefeen and others ditto 1 SP Nissan 1998 Spain 2 90% 100% 7.2 2 90% 75% 5.4 Ellar and others ditto 1 Volvo 1999 Japan 0.86 90% 100% 3.1 2 90% 75% 5.4 6 /week Baqa Alsharqeih ditto 1 Volvo 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 3.6 2 90% 75% 5.4 Central Tulkarem Compactor 2 SP Nissan 1997 Spain 2 90% 100% 14.4 Type 2 2 90% 75% 10.8 ditto 3 Iveco 2003 WB 2 90% 100% 35.4 1 90% 100% 17.9 ditto 1 Volvo 1992 2 90% 100% 11.8 1 90% 50% 3.0 ditto 1 Mercedes 1993 2 90% 100% 11.8 1 90% 50% 3.0 Dump Truck 1 2000 5 90% 100% 28.5 1 90% 75% 4.4 Skip Loader 1 SP Nissan 1997 Spain 5 80% 100% 4.0 3 80% 75% 1.8 Southwest Shoufeh and others Compactor 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 2.3 Type 1 4 90% 75% 6.8 Kufer Jamal and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 2.3 4 90% 75% 6.8 Southeast Common 1 1999 Spain 2.5 90% 100% 9.0 Type 1 3 90% 75% 8.1 Common 1 2000 WB 2.5 90% 100% 9.0 3 90% 75% 8.1 Total 38005001000001 152.8 95.7

54 3 Salfeet South Salfeet Compactor 1 SP Nissan 1998 Spain 2 90% 100% 11.8 Type 1 3 90% 75% 13.3 Kafr ad Dik and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 4 90% 100% 9.0 4 90% 75% 6.8 East Kifl Haris and others Compactor 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 4 90% 100% 9.0 Type 1 4 90% 75% 6.8 West Biddya Compactor 1 SP Nissan 1998 Spain 1 90% 100% 3.6 Type 1 4 90% 75% 10.8 Az Zawiya and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 4 90% 100% 9.0 4 90% 75% 6.8 Total 31001000000000 42.4 44.5

4Bethlehem North Bethlehem Hook Loader 1 1996 3 80% 100% 4.8 Type 2 3 80% 75% 3.6 ditto 1 1999 2 80% 100% 3.2 3 80% 75% 3.6 ditto 1 1998 2 80% 100% 3.2 3 80% 75% 3.6 Compactor 1 1995 1 90% 100% 5.0 1 90% 50% 2.5 ditto 1 1993 1 90% 100% 5.0 1 90% 50% 2.5 ditto 1 1998 2 90% 100% 10.0 1 90% 75% 3.8 ditto 1 1993 1 90% 100% 6.8 1 90% 50% 3.4 ditto 1 2003 1 90% 100% 11.3 1 90% 100% 11.3 Dump Truck 1 1978 2 90% 100% 4.4 2 90% 0% 0.0 ditto 1 1987 1 90% 100% 4.7 1 90% 0% 0.0 Beit Jala Compactor 1 Mercedes 1992 1 90% 100% 4.1 1 90% 50% 2.0 ditto 1 Renault 2005 1 90% 100% 4.1 1 90% 100% 4.1 Truck 1 Volvo 1995 1 90% 100% 5.7 1 90% 75% 4.3 ditto 1 SP Nissan 1998 1 90% 100% 0.8 2 90% 75% 1.2 Beit Sahour Compactor 1 1993 2 90% 100% 7.2 2 90% 50% 3.6 Al Khder ditto 1 Renault 1997 0.79 90% 100% 4.6 1 90% 75% 4.4 5.5 /week Al Doha ditto 1 Volvo 2005 1 90% 100% 5.9 1 90% 100% 5.9 West Beit Fajjar Compactor 1 Volvo 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 3.6 Type 2 2 90% 75% 5.4 Nahaleen others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 2.3 2 90% 75% 3.4 Husan and others ditto 1 Volvo 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 3.6 2 90% 75% 5.4 Wadi Rahal and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 2.3 2 90% 75% 3.4 East Obedeah Compactor 1 1999 Japan 5 90% 100% 11.5 Type 2 2 90% 75% 3.6 6 /week Tqua ditto 1 Volvo 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 3.6 2 90% 75% 5.4 Zaatara ditto 1 Mercedes 1995 1 90% 100% 3.6 2 90% 50% 3.6 Jannata ditto 1 2004 1 90% 100% 4.1 2 90% 100% 8.1 Al Shawawreh and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 2.3 2 90% 75% 3.4 Beit Taamar and others ditto 1 Isuzu 1999 Japan 1 90% 100% 2.3 2 90% 75% 3.4 Total 55332110301111 130.0 104.9 Note: Current average operation rate is the base of estimated operation rate.

(6) Equipment Plan for Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd

In Jericho where the capital of Jericho Governorate is located, hook loader trucks are used mainly in the central commercial area. However, the deterioration of these trucks suggests a difficulty of their use in the target year of the Project. Accordingly, one 8 m3 class hook loader truck will be planned for the South Block which includes Jericho. The remaining capacity shortage of the existing fleet and the new hook loader truck will be filled by compactor trucks. From the planned collection amount, two compactor trucks are necessary to be procured. As two 12 m3 compactor trucks will be over requirement, two 8 m3 compactor trucks are planned to be procured. For the Northwest and Central Blocks of which the existing capacity is shorted, one 8 m3 compactor truck is necessary for each.

Table 2.2.2-33 shows the calculation results.

(7) Equipment Plan for Tulkarem JCspd

In Tulkarem where the capital of Tulkarem Governorate is located, one skip loader truck is used mainly in the central commercial area. As this equipment will be able to work in the target year, compactor trucks are planned as new equipment. As for the compactor trucks, 12 m3 compactor trucks of which efficiency is higher in capacity will be provided.

For transfer operation, the minimum quantity of 15 m3 class garbage dump trucks and 2 m3 class wheel loaders will be provided. Table 2.2.2-34 and Table 2.2.2-35 show the calculation results.

As checking passengers are harder by the Government of Israel in surrounding area of Tulkarem city, an additional consideration on duration of check is necessary. Therefore, taking consideration into account one hour of check/wait time, the capacity of the planned equipment is corrected as shown in Table 2.2.2-30 and Table 2.2.2-31 for the equipment of central block (Tulkarem city) and transfer trucks passing near Trukarem city from Southwest and Southeast blocks.

Table 2.2.2-30 Corrected Capacity of Equipment for Tulkarem Central Block (Corrected from Type 2 System) Single Trip in Minutes Collectable Average Loading Total Load- Total in Average No. of No. of No. Type of Truck Time per ing Time for Transport/ Total in Hours Capacity Containers Trips per Container Average No. Stand-by Minutes (tons/day) per Trip Day of Containers 12 m3 Class 3 23 4 92 180 272 4.5 1.3 6.0 Compactor Truck

Table 2.2.2-31 Corrected Capacity of Equipment for Tulkarem on Transfer Truck (Corrected from Type 2 System) Single Trip in Minutes Average Return Transport/ Feasible Average Journey Loading No. Type of Truck Stand-by Total in Total in No. of Capacity Distance in Time in Time in Minutes Hours Trips per (tons/day) Km Minutes Minutes Day 1 15 m3 Garbage Dump Truck 60 10 180 190 3.2 1.9 7.8

(8) Equipment Plan for Salfeet JCspd

In the Governorate of Salfeet, the scale of socioeconomic activities in urban areas is smaller than that in the other governorates as the capital of Salfeet has a population of only some 10,000. Because of this, there is no strong necessity for a hook loader truck and no such truck is used in 2005. Accordingly, 8 m3 class compactor trucks will be provided under the Project to meet the capacity shortage of the existing fleet. Table 2.2.2-36 shows the calculation results.

(9) Equipment Plan for Bethlehem JCspd

In the North Block which constitutes the urban area of the Governorate of Bethlehem, hook/skip loader trucks are mainly used in the central commercial area. As those trucks will be able to work in the target year, compactor trucks are planned as new equipment. As for the compactor trucks, 12 m3 compactor trucks of which efficiency is higher in capacity will be provided. However 8 m3 compactor trucks will be provided instead for urban area where many narrow streets are located and traffic is much congested. The waste amount to be covered by 8 m3 compactor trucks is planned to be less than 30% of the total waste. Table 2.2.2-37 shows the calculation results.

As checking passengers is harder by the Government of Israel in surrounding area of the planned landfill site which is located near Jerusalem, an additional consideration on duration of check is necessary. Therefore, taking consideration into account one hour of check/wait time, the capacity of the planned equipment is corrected as shown in Table 2.2.2-32.

Table 2.2.2-32 Corrected Capacity of Equipment for Bethlehem JCspd (Corrected from Type 2 System) Single Trip in Minutes Collectable Average Loading Total Load- Total in Average No. of No. of No. Type of Truck Time per ing Time for Transport/ Total in Hours Capacity Containers Trips per Container Average No. Stand-by Minutes (tons/day) per Trip Day of Containers 8 m3 Class Compactor 2 16 4 64 180 244 4.1 1.5 4.7 Truck 12 m3 Class 3 23 4 92 180 272 4.5 1.3 6.0 Compactor Truck

Table 2.2.2-33 Required Quantity of Collection and Transportation Vehicles for Procurement for the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area New 8 m3 Hook Loader Truck 8 m3 Compactor Truck Design Existing Collection Collection Collection Collection Unit Collection Unit Collection Total Possible Collection Block Capacity Volume System Capacity Qty. Capacity Capacity Qty. Capacity Capacity Capacity (tons/day) Required (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) North 2.5 Type 2 3.4 5.9 > required collection Northwest 4.2 Type 2 0.0 4.2 1 5.9 5.9 capacity of new vehicle 5.9 > required collection Central 7.7 Type 2 3.4 4.3 1 5.9 5.9 capacity of new vehicle 35.8 > required collection South 45.3 Type 1 12.8 32.5 1 14.0 14.0 2 10.9 21.8 capacity of new vehicle Total 59.7 19.6 41.0 1 14.0 4 33.6 47.6

Table 2.2.2-34 Required Quantity of Collection and Transportation Vehicles for

58 Procurement for the Tulkarem JCspd Area (Excluding Transfer Equipment) New 8 m3 Compactor Truck Design Existing Collection Collection Collection Collection Unit Collection Total Possible Collection Block Capacity Volume System Capacity Qty. Capacity Capacity Capacity (tons/day) Required (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) 23.4 > required collection North 45.2 Type 2 25.0 20.2 3 7.8 23.4 capacity of new vehicle 66.0 > required collection Central 102.7 Type 2 40.9 61.8 11 6.0 66.0 capacity of new vehicle Southwest 11.1 Type 3 13.6 11.0 > required collection Southeast 25.2 Type 3 16.2 9.0 2 5.5 11.0 capacity of new vehicle Total 184.2 95.7 91.0 16 100.4 100.4 Note: Compactor truck for Southeast is planned to make direct transport as 12m3 type is provided.

Table 2.2.2-35 Required Quantity of Transfer Equipment for Procurement for the Tulkarem JCspd Area Design Design 15 m3 Garbage Dump Truck 2 m3 Wheel Loader Distance to Collection Transfer Unit Transportation Block Landfill Remarks Volume Volume Qty. Capacity Capacity Qty. Calculation Conditions Site (km) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) Southwest 2 dump trucks x 2 = 4 loading 11.1 11.1 35 2 7.8 15.6 1 operations 2 dump trucks x 3 = 6 loading Southeast 25.2 16.2 35 2 7.8 15.6 1 operations Total 31.2 > required transfer 36.3 27.3 4 31.2 2 capacity of new vehicle

Table 2.2.2-36 Required Quantity of Collection and Transportation Vehicles for Procurement for the Salfeet JCspd Area New 8 m3 Compactor Truck Design Existing Collection Collection Collection Collection Unit Collection Total Possible Collection Block Capacity Volume System Capacity Qty. Capacity Capacity Capacity (tons/day) 59 Required (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) 10.9 > required collection South 30.5 Type 1 20.1 10.4 1 10.9 10.9 capacity of new vehicle 10.9 > required collection East 11.5 Type 1 6.8 4.7 1 10.9 10.9 capacity of new vehicle 10.9 > required collection West 23.7 Type 1 17.6 6.1 1 10.9 10.9 capacity of new vehicle Total 65.7 44.5 21.2 3 32.7 32.7

Table 2.2.2-37 Required Quantity of Collection and Transportation Vehicles for Procurement for the Bethlehem JCspd Area New 8 m3 Compactor Truck 12 m3 Compactor Truck Design Existing Collection Collection Collection Collection Unit Collection Unit Collection Total Possible Collection Block Capacity Volume System Capacity Qty. Capacity Capacity Qty. Capacity Capacity Capacity (tons/day) Required (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) (tons/day) 50.1 > required collection North 108.8 Type 2 59.8 49.0 3 4.7 14.1 6 6.0 36.0 capacity of new vehicle 24.0 > required collection West 40.0 Type 2 17.6 22.4 4 6.0 24.0 capacity of new vehicle 18.0 > required collection East 43.3 Type 2 27.5 15.8 3 6.0 18.0 capacity of new vehicle Total 192.1 104.9 87.2 3 14.1 13 78.0 92.1

(10) Introduction of New Containers

A sufficient number of containers will be introduced under the Project to match the amount of municipal solid waste to be collected by the new collection and transportation vehicles to be procured under the Project.

1) 8 m3 Class Containers for Hook Loader Trucks

The Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd is planning to install 10 containers to match the collection capacity of the planned compactor trucks. Given the extent of markets, light commercial and industrial areas and multi-story housing areas, the procurement of 10 containers is judged to be reasonable. Moreover, the introduction of some 10 containers is believed to be necessary for the efficient use of the loader trucks. Accordingly, the introduction of 10 new containers is planned.

2) 1.1 m3 Containers for Exclusive Use with Compactor Trucks

The capacity of the containers for exclusive use with compactor trucks will be 1.1 m3 in consideration of interchangeability with the existing containers and the local standards. As these containers will be widely placed over the JCspd areas, the quantity will be planned based on the collection frequency.

In principle, the collection frequency will be once a day in the capital city of the governorate because of the likely generation of a large volume of municipal solid waste due to the relatively high population density. In other areas with a smaller generation amount of municipal solid waste, collection will, in principle, be conducted every two days as it will be necessary for the collection and transportation vehicles to travel around residential quarters. Accordingly, the storage capacity of the containers for areas other than capital cities will be planned to enable the storage of two days’ amount of generated municipal solid waste.

c Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area

i. Northwest Block One 8m3 compactor truck to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project and 61 containers will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 1.9 trips x 1 compactor truck x 2 days = 61 containers

ii. Central Block One 8m3 compactor truck to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project and 61 containers will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 1.9 trips x 1 compactor truck x 2 days = 61 containers

iii. South Block Two 8m3 compactor trucks to operate under the Type 1 system will be procured under the Project and containers will be used in Jericho, the capital city of the Governorate of Jericho. Accordingly, 112 containers will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 3.5 trips x 2 compactor trucks x 1 day = 112 containers d Tulkarem JCspd Area

i. North Block Three 12m3 compactor trucks to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project and 235 containers will be required as calculated below.

23 containers/trip x 1.7 trips x 3 compactor trucks x 2 days = 235 containers

ii. Central Block Eleven 12m3 compactor trucks to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project and compactors will be used in Tulkarem, the capital city of the Governorate of Tulkarem. Accordingly, 329 containers will be required as calculated below.

23 containers x 1.3 trips x 11 compactor trucks x 1 day = 329 containers

iii. Southeast Block Two 12m3 compactor truck to operate under the Type 3 system will be procured under the Project and 111 containers will be required as calculated below.

23 containers/trip x 1.2 trips x 2 compactor truck x 2 days = 111 containers e Salfeet JCspd Area

i. South Block One 8m3 compactor truck to operate under the Type 1 system will be procured under the Project. As it is believed that most of the existing trucks are operating in Salfeet, the capital city of the Governorate of Salfeet, the new compactor truck will mainly operate in rural areas. Accordingly, 112 containers to store two days’ volume of generated municipal solid waste will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 3.5 trips x 1 compactor truck x 2 days = 112 containers

ii. East Block One 8m3 container truck to operate under the Type 1 system will be procured under the Project and 112 containers will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 3.5 trips x 1 compactor truck x 2 days = 112 containers

iii. West Block One 8m3 container truck to operate under the Type 1 system will be procured under the Project and 112 containers will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 3.5 trips x 1 compactor truck x 2 days = 112 containers f Bethlehem JCspd Area

i. North Block Nine compactor trucks to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project. As this area includes Bethlehem, the capital city of the Governorate of Bethlehem, three compactor trucks will be used in Bethlehem based on the population ratio of the city of slightly less than 40% of the total population of the North Block. Accordingly, three compactor trucks will be engaged in the daily collection regime and six compactor trucks will be engaged in the alternative day collection regime. In total, 420 compactors will be required as calculated below.

16 containers/trip x 1.5 trips x one 8m3 compactor trucks x 1 day = 24 containers 23 containers/trip x 1.3 trips x two 12m3 compactor trucks x 1 day = 60 containers 16 containers/trip x 1.5 trips x two 8m3 compactor trucks x 2 days = 96 containers 23 containers/trip x 1.3 trips x four 12m3 compactor trucks x 2 days = 240 containers Total: 420 containers

ii. West Block Four 12m3 compactor trucks to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project and 240 containers will be required as calculated below.

23 containers/trip x 1.3 trips x 4 compactor trucks x 2 days = 240 containers

iii. East Block Three 12m3 compactor trucks to operate under the Type 2 system will be procured under the Project and 180 containers will be required as calculated below.

23 containers/trip x 1.3 trips x 3 compactor trucks x 2 days = 180 containers

2.2.2.4 Equipment Plan for Landfill Sites

(1) Target Landfill Sites

The Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd and the Salfeet JCspd will operate and maintain their own landfill sites.

It will be necessary for both the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd and the Salfeet JCspd to appropriately dispose of some 60 tons of municipal solid waste a day. However, as the Salfeet JCspd will operate a landfill site in each of the three blocks, the disposal amount at each landfill site of some 10 – 30 tons/day will be relatively small. This volume of solid waste can be sufficiently disposed of by leasing the equipment required for soil cover application for several hours a day which is the present practice. In the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd area, however, as it has the existing equipment and some 45 tons of solid waste is transported from south block to a single landfill site every day, constant mechanical levelling and compacting throughout the day will be necessary. This prospect makes planning of the introduction of landfill site equipment for this area necessary as described next.

(2) Disposal Volume and Required Work

A principal goal of the Project is for the planned landfill sites to be able to conduct routine soil cover operation which is the minimum requirement for sanitary landfill. The calculated work amount required to achieve such routine soil cover at the Jericho landfill site is shown in Table 2.2.2-38.

The planned covering soil thickness is 20 cm for every 2 m thickness of solid waste or 10% of the solid waste in terms of the cubic volume.

Table 2.2.2-38 Required Amount of Work for Soil Cover Operation at the Jericho Landfill Site No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks 1 Design disposal amount (design collection amount) tons/day 45.3 2 Conversion to cubic volume (before compacting) m3/day 129.4 0.35 tons/m3 3 Conversion to cubic volume (after completion of m3/day 45.3 1.00 tons/m3 compacting) 4 Design covering soil volume (after completion of m3/day 4.5 10% of the design solid waste compacting) disposal volume 5 As above (before compacting, soil transportation m3/day 5.9 130% of the soil volume after volume) compacting

(3) Existing Equipment

The Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd possesses a 120 PS class truck loader which was procured in 1998. As this equipment can be used in the target year, its use will provide the baseline capacity.

The waste and soil levelling and compacting capacity of this truck loader is evaluated as shown in Table 2.2.2-39.

Table 2.2.2-39 Capacity of Existing Truck Loader at the Jericho Landfill Site Item Unit Quantity Remarks Capacity of truck loader m3/hour 50.4

< Examination of Hourly Capacity of Truck Loader > The soil and solid waste dozing capacity of the truck loader can be calculated by the following equation. Q = (60.q.f1.E)/cm Where, Q : amount of work per one hour of operation (m3/hour) q : amount of soil (solid waste) per operation (some 1.8 m3 in the case of the bucket of the truck loader in question) f1 : conversion factor to soil volume (1.0; here it means the work amount involving loosened soil and solid waste) E : work efficiency of one hour of operation = 0.7 cm: cycle time (minutes) cm = L/V1 + L/V2 + Tg L : average dozing distance (commonly 30 m) V1: forwarding speed (50 m/min) V2: backing speed (50 m/min) Tg: gear shifting and other time (0.3 min) Q = (60 x 1.8 x 1.0 x 0.7)/(30/50 + 30/50 + 0.3) = 50.4 m3/hour

As shown in Table 2.2.2-40, the existing truck loader is judged to have a sufficient capacity to level and compact the solid waste delivered to the Jericho landfill site and covering soil.

Table 2.2.2-40 Required Amount of Work for Soil Covering at the Jericho Landfill Site No. Item Unit Quantity Remarks 1 Levelling and compacting of solid waste m3/day 129.4 Prior to levelling and compacting 2 Levelling and compacting of covering soil m3/day 5.9 Prior to levelling and compacting 3 Total m3/day 135.3 4 Truck loader capacity m3/hour 50.4 5 Truck loader working hours (nominal) hours/day 2.7 6 Operating rate % 86% 7 Truck loader working hours (effective) hours/day 3.1

(4) Equipment

As the existing equipment (truck loader) is judged to be fully capable of conducting the required levelling and compacting of solid waste and soil as described above, the procurement of new disposal equipment is not planned under the Project.

However, the transportation of some 6 m3 of covering soil a day in average to the Jericho landfill site will be necessary. Even though the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd plans to transport the required soil from a soil pit, it does not have the necessary equipment. Therefore, the procurement of one dump truck for soil transportation is planned under the Project to ensure the routine transportation of soil. This truck will be a wide use 13t class soil dump truck for easy local procurement and maintenance. Moreover, the said JCspd does not have the necessary machinery to dig and load soil to this dump truck at a soil pit. The procurement of a backhoe loader is, therefore, planned to ensure smooth digging and loading operation. As surplus soil from construction sites is left at many places in the suburbs, this soil can be used as covering soil. In view of this situation, the backhoe loader to be procured will be a small wheel type (with a 1 m3 class loader bucket) with excellent manoeuvrability.

2.2.2.5 Maintenance Equipment Plan

(1) Mobile Maintenance Truck

The Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd plans to procure one mobile workshop. However, the collection and transportation vehicles which are more than 10 years old in the target year will only be three compactor trucks procured in 1998 and the number of roadside breakdowns a year will be very small. The possession of one mobile workshop in this situation will be tantamount to excessive possession and, therefore, the procurement of such a mobile workshop is not planned under the Project.

(2) Spare Parts

Among the existing vehicles, those provided by Spain in 1997 are facing problems of spare parts procurement because of the lack of a local agent. For the types of vehicles which are currently planned, the stocking of consumables required for a long operating time and spare parts to deal with repairs is essential.

In order to ensure swift local maintenance and repair, the Project will adopt a policy of procuring equipment for which a local agent is available. Accordingly, the stocking of spare parts will, therefore, be unnecessary. However, as the preparation of a spare parts procurement plan prior to the decision on the equipment manufacturers and models is difficult, the procurement of those consumables which are believed to be necessary to ensure operation until the preparation of the next year’s budget, i.e. approximately a one year period, is planned under the Project.

2.2.2.6 Summary of Equipment Plan

Based on the results of the examination so far, the procurement of the equipment listed in Table 2.2.2-41 is planned under the Project.

Table 2.2.2-41 Maintenance Equipment Plan

3 3 k 3 3 3 Hook JCspd Block Wheel 3 3 8 m 8 m 1 m Parts 12 m 15 m Truck Truck Truck Truck Truc Dump Dump 1.1 m Loader Loader Loader Loader Garbage Backhoe Container Container 8 m 13 ton Soil Compactor Compactor Compactor 2 m Set of Spare

Jericho North and Northwest 1 61 1 Jordan Central 1 61 River Rift South 2 1 112 10 1 1 Valley Sub-Total 4 0 1 0 0 234 10 1 1 1 North 3 235 Central 11 329 1 Tulkarem Southwest 2 1 Southeast 2 2 1 111 Sub-Total 0 16 0 4 2 675 0 0 0 1 South 1 112 East 1 112 1 Salfeet West 1 112 Sub-Total 3 0 0 0 0 336 0 0 0 1 North 3 6 420 West 4 240 1 Bethlehem East 3 180 Sub-Total 3 13 0 0 0 840 0 0 0 1 Total 10 29 1 4 2 2,085 10 1 1 4

2.2.2.7 Outline of Equipment Specifications and Quantity

(1) Collection and Transportation Vehicles

1) 8 m3 Class Compactor Truck

c Type : plate type compactor truck d Quantity : 10 e Body capacity : 8 m3 or more f Payload : 4 tons or more g Container lift : hydraulic cylinder type h Container to handle : 1.1 m3 class i Hydraulic operation : mechanical lever manual operation j Sewage tank : fitting required k Chassis operation : left hand drive, manual transmission l Driving method : 4 x 2 rear drive ⑪ Engine horsepower : 220 HP or more

2) 12 m3 Class Compactor Truck

c Type : plate type compactor truck d Quantity : 29 e Body capacity : 12 m3 or more f Payload : 6.0 tons or more g Container lift : hydraulic cylinder type h Container to handle : 1.1 m3 class i Hydraulic operation : mechanical lever manual operation j Sewage tank : fitting required k Chassis operation : left hand drive, manual transmission l Driving method : 4 x 2 rear drive ⑪ Engine horsepower : 250 HP or more

3) 8 m3 Hook Loader Truck

c Type : hydraulic type hook loader truck d Quantity : 1 e Applicable container size : 8 m3 class and 12 m3 class f Payload : 10 tons or more g Container lift : hydraulic cylinder type h Hydraulic operation : mechanical lever manual operation i Chassis operation : left hand drive, manual transmission j Driving method : 4 x 2 or 6 x 2 rear drive k Engine horsepower : 250 HP or more

4) 15 m3 Garbage Dump Truck

c Type : tail-end discharging dump truck d Quantity : 4 e Body capacity : 15 m3 or more f Payload : 11.5 tons or more g Hydraulic operation : manual operation h Chassis operation : left hand drive, manual transmission i Driving method : 6 x 4 or 4 x 2 rear drive j Engine horsepower : 250 HP or more

5) 2m3 Wheel Loader

c Type : 2 m3 class wheel loader d Quantity : 2 e Bucket capacity : 2.0 m3 (SAE heaped) or more f Engine horsepower : 140 HP or more g Cabin : ROPS type

6) 1.1 m3 Class Container

c Type : DIN/European standard container

welded steel plate construction (without lid) d Quantity : 2,085 e Dimensions - Overall length : approx. 1,360 mm - Overall width : approx. 1,080 mm - Overall height : approx. 1,200 mm f Body volume : nominal 1.1 m3 (net 0.8 – 0.9 m3) g Paint : rust-proof coating and paint finish h Weight : approx. 120 kg

7) 8 m3 Class Container

c Type : welded steel plate construction d Quantity : 10 e Dimensions - Overall length (top side) : approx. 4,200 mm - Overall length (bottom side) : approx. 3,800 mm - Overall width : approx. 2,000 mm - Overall height : approx. 1,000 mm f Body volume : 8 m3 g Paint : rust-proof coating and paint finish h Weight : approx. 700 kg

(2) Landfill Site Equipment

1) 1m3 Backhoe Loader

c Type : 1 m3 class backhoe loader d Quantity : 1 e Loader bucket capacity : 1.0 m3 (SAE in piles) or more f Engine horsepower : 90 HP or more g Exhaust height : 2,600 mm or higher h Cabin : ROPS type

2) 13 ton Class Soil Dump Truck

c Type : tail-end discharging dump truck d Quantity : 1 e Body capacity : 10 m3 or more f Payload : 12 tons or more g Hydraulic operation : manual operation h Chassis operation : left hand drive, manual transmission i Driving method : 6 x 4 rear drive j Engine horsepower : 300 HP or more

2.2.3 Basic Design Drawings

The basic design drawings for the equipment to be procured under the project are shown in Figure2.2.3-1 through Figure 2.2.3-9.

Figure 2.2.3-1 8m3 Class Compactor Truck

Figure 2.2.3-2 12m3 Class Compactor Truck

Figure 2.2.3-3 8m3 Hook Loader Truck

Figure 2.2.3-4 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck

Figure 2.2.3-5 2m3 Wheel Loader

Figure 2.2.3-6 1.1m3 Class Container

Figure 2.2.3-7 8m3 Class Container

3,800 or less less or 3,800

2,500 or more

2,100 or more 5,900 or less

Figure 2.2.3-8 1m3 Backhoe Loader

Figure 2.2.3-9 13t Class Soil Dump Truck

2.2.4 Procurement Plan

2.2.4.1 Procurement Policies

The Project will be implemented in accordance with the framework of the grant aid scheme of the Government of Japan and its implementation will only commence after its approval by the Government of Japan and the signing of the E/N by the PNA and the Government of Japan. The signing of the E/N will be followed by the selection of a Japanese consultant by the PNA to commence the detailed design work. The tender documents will then be prepared based on the detailed design results and a Japanese supplier (i.e. the successful bidder of the tender) will procure the planned equipment. The basic matters and important points for the implementation of the Project are explained next.

(1) Project Implementation Agency

The MOLG will be the responsible organization for the Project on the Palestinian side and will establish a comprehensive management system through close liaisoning and discussions with the Japanese consultant and supplier to ensure the smooth implementation of the Project.

Meanwhile, the project implementation organizations are the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd, the Tulkarem JCspd, the Salfeet JCspd and the Bethlehem JCspd, all of which will be directly involved in solid waste management. It will, therefore, be necessary for each JCspd to establish a liaisoning and cooperation system with one another as well as with the MOLG for the implementation of the Project.

(2) Consultant

A Japanese consultant with in-depth knowledge of the criteria and procedure of the grant aid scheme of the Government of Japan will conclude a consultancy agreement with the PNA to conduct the detailed design and procurement supervision with a view to procuring the planned equipment with the Japanese grant aid. The consultant will also prepare the tender documents and will act as the agent for the MOLG to conduct the tender.

(3) Supplier

A Japanese company selected through an open tender based on the grant aid scheme of the Government of Japan will procure the planned equipment. As the supplier is likely to be required to provide after-services for the supply of spare parts and for the handling of equipment breakdowns, etc. after the handing over of the equipment, the supplier must give proper consideration to the establishment of a post-project liaisoning system.

(4) Necessity for Dispatch of Japanese Engineers

The requested Japanese grant aid assistance for the Project is the procurement of equipment for municipal solid waste management and does not involve any installation or construction work. Accordingly, there will be no special need for the dispatch of engineers to Palestine in connection with the equipment procurement.

2.2.4.2 Implementation Conditions

(1) Situation of Local Procurement

The situation of local procurement regarding the municipal solid waste collection and transportation equipment and the landfill site equipment is described below.

• Such equipment is not manufactured in the West Bank.

• There is a well-experienced manufacturer of containers for solid waste collection in the West Bank.

• Israeli laws and standards (EU standards) regarding vehicle models, etc. are used in Palestine and vehicles which comply with these laws and standards must be procured.

• As equipment which is no longer in use due to the difficulty of obtaining spare parts is observed, the prospect of easy spare parts procurement is a critical condition for equipment procurement.

(2) Important Points for Procurement Planning

Among the planned equipment for procurement under the Project, containers are the only type of equipment which is manufactured locally. Therefore, the procurement of the planned equipment in Japan or a third country will be necessary. In regard to vehicles in particular, these must comply with the relevant Israeli laws and standards and the country for equipment procurement must be carefully determined by checking the capability of each manufacturer to supply the required vehicles.

In the decision on the country (countries) for equipment procurement, consideration must be given to ensuring that the products are widely marketed through agents in the West Bank to make equipment maintenance in the post-project period easier.

2.2.4.3 Scope of Work

The Japanese side and the Palestinian side will undertake their respective work under the Project as listed below.

(1) Scope of Work of Japanese Side

• Procurement of municipal solid waste collection and transportation equipment as well as landfill site equipment and its transportation to the West Bank

• Procurement of maintenance equipment and its transportation to the West Bank

• Initial guidance on the operation of the procured equipment

• Procurement of containers and their transportation to each Project Area

(2) Scope of Work of Palestinian Side

• Transportation of municipal solid waste collection and transportation equipment as well as landfill site equipment within the West Bank

• Establishment of an operation and maintenance system and budgetary arrangements for the equipment to be procured with Japanese grant aid

2.2.4.4 Procurement Supervision by Consultant

The Project must be implemented within the framework of the grant aid scheme of the Government of Japan. Accordingly, the basic principles will be to abide by the rules and criteria, etc. demanded by Japan’s grant aid scheme and to procure the equipment required to improve the municipal solid waste collection and disposal capacity under a wide area municipal solid waste disposal plan for each Project Area within the framework of the said scheme.

(1) Contents of Procurement Supervision Work

The consultant will organize a consistent project team to conduct the preparation of the tender documents and procurement supervision in accordance with the policies determined by the basic design. The consultant will, therefore, perform the work listed in Table 2.2.4-1 to ensure that the equipment procurement complies with the requirements of Japan’s grant aid scheme.

Table 2.2.4-1 Work to be Conducted by the Consultant Stage Type of Work Prior to the signing of the • Preparation of the tender documents procurement agreement • Agent to conduct the tender • Evaluation of the bids • Assistance for the signing of the procurement agreement After the signing of the • Schedule and quality control for the equipment procurement procurement agreement • Confirmation of the equipment quality • Pre-shipment inspection by a third party organization • Confirmation of the fulfilment of the agreement by the supplier • Preparation of reports

To conduct the work listed in Table 2.2.3-1 above, it will be necessary for the consultant to assign the personnel listed in Table 2.2.4-2 in accordance with the work progress.

Table 2.2.4-2 Personnel Assignment Plan of the Consultant Type of Work Assigned Personnel Preparation of the tender documents Project team leader (head engineer); engineer responsible for the planning of equipment Agent to conduct the tender Project team leader; engineer responsible for the planning of equipment; engineer responsible for the estimation cost Evaluation of the bids Project team leader; engineer responsible for the planning of equipment Assistance for the signing of the procurement Project team leader; engineer responsible for the planning agreement of equipment Schedule and quality control for the equipment Engineer responsible for the procurement supervision procurement Confirmation of the equipment quality Engineer responsible for the inspection of the equipment Pre-shipment inspection by a third party organization Engineer responsible for the inspection of the equipment Confirmation of the fulfilment of the agreement by the Engineer responsible for the procurement supervision supplier Preparation of reports Engineer responsible for the procurement supervision; engineer responsible for the inspection of the equipment

(2) Procurement Supervision Implementation Regime

The procurement supervision system and the general relationship between the parties involved in the Project are shown in Fig. 2.2.4-1.

E/N Government of Japan Palestinian National Authority Ù × × Ü Communication/Instruction Ø Verification of agreement/contract Ministry of Local Government Consultancy Confirmation of tender documents Management of the Agreements Agreement Reporting /checking of work progress General Project Coordination × Ø Ý Procurement Agreement Ø Japanese Consultant Japanese Supplier Preparation of tender documents Ù Manufacture/procurement of equipment Agent for tender Procurement Maritime transportation Procurement supervision Supervision Hading over of equipment in Palestine

Fig. 2.2.4-1 Procurement Supervision Implementation Regime

2.2.4.5 Equipment Procurement Plan

(1) Equipment Procurement Plan

The procurement of equipment in the following manner is planned, taking the level of difficulty of the procurement of each type of equipment and the level of after-services provided by the equipment makers in Palestine into consideration.

1) Equipment Procurement Sources

Among the planned equipment to be procured with the Japanese grant aid, municipal solid waste collection and transportation equipment and landfill site equipment are not manufactured in Palestine as described earlier and, therefore, must be procured in Japan or a third country. Procurement from a third country is planned for vehicle-related equipment (chassis) as there is no agent of a Japanese manufacturer in the West Bank. Given the fact that the vehicle standards in Israel are based on EU standards, procurement from an EU country will be primarily considered. In the case of vehicle-related equipment (body), procurement from a third country is also planned. As there is no agent of a body manufacturer for compactor trucks in the West Bank, procurement from a third country of which the chassis manufacturer has an agent in the West Bank and which can handle the requirement for the bodies is planned. As for body of dump truck of which structure is relatively simple, procurement from both local factory and a third country can be applied as eligible source. As bodies made in Israel were mounted to European chassis in the Phase I Project, Israel will be included on the short list of countries for procurement.

Should any Japanese manufacturers (chassis and body) establish an agent in the West Bank in the near future, their products may be included in the candidate equipment for procurement.

In the case of construction machinery, two Japanese manufacturers have agents in the West Bank. However, because of the small number of such manufacturers, possible procurement from a third country is included in the procurement plan to facilitate fair competition.

In the case of containers, there is a local manufacturer in the West Bank and local procurement is planned.

Table 2.2.4-3 shows the planned procurement sources for the equipment to be provided with the Japanese grant aid.

Table 2.2.4-3 Equipment Procurement Sources Procurement Source Type of Equipment Local Japan＊ Third Country 8 m3 compactor truck ○ ○ 12 m3 compactor truck ○ ○ 8 m3 hook loader truck ○ ○ 15 m3 garbage dump truck ○ ○ ○ 2m3 Wheel loader ○ ○ 1.1 m3 class container ○ 8 m3 class container ○ 1m3 Backhoe loader ○ 13 ton soil dump truck ○ ○ ○ ＊In case that Japanese manufacturers (chassis and body) establish an agent in the West Bank in the near future.

2) Scope of Spare Parts Procurement

The consumables required for equipment operation for a period of approximately one year will be procured as spare parts with the grant aid together with the equipment. The self-help efforts of the Palestinian side will be required for the procurement of spare parts from the second year onwards and such spare parts are not covered by grant aid.

3) Guarantee by Equipment Manufacturers

The identification of the exact cause of malfunctions is difficult when equipment is one year old or more. Therefore, the supplier and manufacturers will be responsible for free repair or the free replacement of parts if the equipment malfunctions within one year of delivery except in the case of malfunctions caused by improper use, maintenance or accidents, etc.

In view of the possibility that the obtaining of spare parts may become difficult after equipment procurement due to model changes and other reasons in the future, the supplier will be obliged to supply suitable spare parts on a commercial basis for a period of 10 years after the delivery of the equipment.

(2) Transportation Plan

As the West Bank is located inland, there is no trading port. The equipment procured and transported by sea from Japan or a third country will, therefore, be unloaded at a port in Israel. Typical trading ports in Israel are Port Ashdod on the Mediterranean and Port Elat on the Red Sea. A suitable port should be selected based on the schedule of transport vessels and the location of the country of origin.

All of the equipment procured in Japan and/or a third country will be transported inland to the West Bank after unloading at an Israel port(s). Containers will be transported inland from a factory in the West Bank to each JCspd.

(3) Installation Plan

No installation work is involved as all of the equipment will be simply handed over to the Palestinian side.

(4) Adjustment and Test Operation Plan

All of the equipment to be procured will be completed at the respective factories and there is no obligation for the supplier to conduct adjustment and testing in the West Bank. While it is possible that some components may become detached during the maritime transportation, re-attachment is considered to be part of normal delivery. Therefore, there is no special plan for attachment and readjustment.

(5) Initial Operational Guidance Plan

All of the equipment to be procured is wide use equipment, the operation of which the Palestinian side is familiar with. Even though some explanation will be necessary at the time of delivery on handling and maintenance, this explanation is considered to be part of normal delivery. Therefore, there will be no special need for initial operational guidance.

(6) Operational Guidance Plan

The achievement of a higher efficiency of municipal solid waste collection and the effective application of covering soil are essential to fulfil the objective of the Project, i.e. improvement of the solid waste management capability. As the transfer of the relevant skills/techniques will be conducted under the Related Technical Cooperation Project, operational guidance is not included in the scope of the Japanese assistance for the Project.

(7) Testing and Inspection Plan

The following testing and inspection are planned under the Project.

1) Inspection by the Supplier

c Factory Inspection

Inspection will be conducted at the factory to check the quality, shape and performance, etc. of the completed equipment. Inspection to confirm the proper working of the container lift of the compactor trucks will be particularly important. Apart from the inspection of spare parts, every single piece of equipment will be inspection. In the case of spare parts, sampling inspection will be conducted based on the manufacturer’s quality guarantee system.

d Pre-Shipment Inspection

Prior to the packing of equipment for transportation, inspection will be conducted to check the type and quantity of each equipment.

e Pre-Loading Inspection

The supplier will prepare for the pre-loading inspection by the consultant described later and will witness this inspection.

2) Inspection by the Consultant

c Factory Inspection

The consultant will verify the results of the factory inspection by the supplier using the relevant documents. In particular, the consultant will conduct the sampling inspection of the compactor trucks at the factory to compare the sampling inspection results with the factory inspection results submitted by the supplier. At the same time, the consultant will compare the documents, etc. submitted by the supplier at the time of the tender and after signing of the procurement agreement with the completed equipment.

d Pre-Loading Inspection

The consultant will entrust a third party organization to conduct the pre-loading inspection featuring the quantity and packing conditions of the equipment so that the equipment is loaded on the ship in accordance with the agreement.

e Inspection at Handing-Over Sites

After arrival of the equipment at the agreed handing-over sites in the West Bank, the consultant will check that the quantity of the delivered equipment is in accordance with the agreement. At this time, the consultant will check for any damage during transportation and will issue an instruction for repair to the supplier if necessary. The consultant will also check the completion of the necessary work by the supplier, including explanations on the handling and maintenance, etc. of the equipment.

2.2.4.6 Quality Control Plan

The quality control plan consists of schedule control and quality control as described below.

(1) Schedule Control

The Japanese grant aid for the Project only covers the procurement of equipment and important work from the viewpoint of observing the predetermined schedule will the manufacture of the equipment at the factories. In principle, schedule control will rely on factory control by the supplier. The consultant will check the progress situation based on reports made by the supplier and will issue warnings on the need to observe the schedule and other matters when it finds such warnings to be necessary. The following activities are planned as part of the schedule control by the consultant.

• Setting up of the necessary and feasible schedule, taking into consideration the time frame demanded by the grant aid scheme and the period required for the manufacture of the equipment and preparation of the design project implementation schedule which will form part of the conditions for the equipment procurement agreement. This project implementation schedule must be indicated in the tender documents.

• Confirmation that the schedule presented by the supplier at the time of the tender is satisfactory to meet the design project implementation schedule.

• Checking of the progress situation of the schedule by comparing the design schedule and the actual progress made by the supplier.

• Urging of the supplier to observe the original schedule by issuing warnings if the progress of the work by the supplier significantly delays the said schedule and examination and proposal of measures to remedy any delays if necessary.

(2) Quality Control

The equipment to be procured with the Japanese grant aid will be manufactured at factories. In principle, the quality control of the equipment will, therefore, be based on the factory control by the supplier and the consultant will confirm the equipment quality based on the performance inspection results at the time of the completion of the equipment. The consultant will conduct the following quality control activities.

• Indication of the equipment specifications based on the basic design in the relevant tender documents. • Confirmation at the time of the tender that the equipment proposed by the supplier meets the specifications stipulated in the tender documents.

• Confirmation of the more detailed specifications than those stipulated in the tender documents using the approved documents of the supplier, etc. if necessary.

• Confirmation of the equipment quality before shipment by witnessing the quality inspection at the time of the completion of equipment manufacture at the factory or review of the report of the inspection results and instruction of any adjustments of the equipment to the supplier if necessary.

2.2.4.7 Project Implementation Schedule

In the case of the Project’s implementation with grant aid provided by the Government of Japan, it will undergo two stages, i.e. c tender and signing of the procurement agreement and d equipment procurement, after the signing of the E/N.

(1) Tender and Procurement Agreement

On behalf of the Palestinian side, the consultant will conduct such work as the preparation of the tender documents, public announcement of the tender, acceptance of tender application forms, briefing and distribution of the tender documents, etc. After a certain period for tender preparation, the consultant will quickly assess the bid prices and other relevant documents on their receipt with a view to facilitating the signing of a procurement agreement between the Palestinian side and the successful bidder who will be awarded the contract as the supplier.

The tender will be held with the attendance of stakeholders. The bidder offering the lowest price will be declared the successful bidder when the contents of the bid are judged to be appropriate. This successful bidder will then sign a procurement agreement with the Palestinian side. The required time from the distribution of the tender documents to the signing of the agreement is expected to be approximately two months.

(2) Equipment Procurement

After the signing of the procurement agreement and through verification of this agreement by the Government of Japan, the supplier will commence the procurement work. In view of the scale of the Project, eight months will be required to complete the procurement work provided that both the equipment procurement and the work to be undertaken by the Palestinian side smoothly progress.

The consultant will discuss the details of the planned procurement work with the supplier prior to the commencement of the said work and will conduct schedule control as well as quality control by means of providing the supplier with guidance and supervision on the transportation of the equipment, the schedule and other relevant matters so that the work can be completed within the period specified in the E/N. Fig. 2.2.4-2 shows the assumed project implementation schedule.

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (Signing E/N) (Consultant Agreement) (Confirmation of conditions )

(Preparation of Tender Documents)

(Approval of Tender Documents)

(Tender Notice) Tendering Tendering

(Tender Preparation by tenderers) (Opening tenders)

Preparation of Tender Documents and Documents Tender Preparation of (Tender Evaluation) (3.5 Months)

(Supply Agreement)

(Shop drawings)

(Manufacturing)

(Inspection) (Transportation)

(Delivery)

(Hand over inspection) Equipment Procurement Procurement Equipment (Hand over)

(8.0 Months)

Fig. 2.2.4-2 Project Implementation Schedule

2.3 Obligations of Recipient Country

The Palestinian side will be responsible for the following work for the implementation of the the Project. As each work or item listed below is essential for the smooth implementation of this planned grant aid project, they must be completed by the Palestinian side without fail.

(1) To open an account in a Japanese bank to pay the consultant and the supplier under Japan’s grant aid scheme with a view to the issue of the irrevocable authorisation to pay (A/P) and bearing of the cost of the issue of such A/P and any other banking commission.

(2) To facilitate prompt unloading of the equipment to be procured by the Project and custom exemption.

(3) To accord Japanese nationals whose services may be required in connection with the procurement of the equipment required for the Project and services such facilities as may be necessary for their entry into PNA controlled areas and stay therein for the performance of their work.

(4) To exempt Japanese nationals from customs duties, internal taxes and other fiscal levies which may be imposed in PNA controlled areas with respect to the procurement of the equipment and services required for the Project.

(5) To use and maintain properly and effectively all equipment provided with the Japanese grant aid.

(6) To bear all expenses necessary for the implementation of the Project other than those to be borne by the grant aid.

(7) To record the mileage, operating hours, fuel and oil consumption and the operation and maintenance conditions of the procured equipment.

(8) To bear the cost of the transportation of the equipment from Jericho to each JCspd as the Japanese side will only be responsible for the cost of the transportation of the equipment, excluding containers, up to Jericho.

2.4 Project Operation Plan

2.4.1 Basic Policies

The Project aims at improving the collection, transportation and disposal of municipal solid waste, which are the main components of municipal solid waste management, and the project-related operation and maintenance largely consists of the following two types of work.

• Planning, management and actual operation of collection, transportation and disposal

• Inspection and maintenance of collection, transportation and disposal equipment

It is believed that the above two types of work can be reasonably dealt with in terms of organization through the effective combination of existing municipal-level bodies by each JCspd. In terms of the actual execution of the work, however, careful consideration is required as described below to ensure the maximum performance of the expected effects of the Project.

2.4.1.1 Planning, Management and Operation Work Related to Collection and Transportation, etc.

Carefully planned and managed collection and transportation work and the careful use of equipment will be required as described below.

(1) Carefully Planned Work

The formulation of a work execution plan for collection, transportation and disposal for the following year based on the actual performance level of the current year will be necessary. At the time of planning, any excess or shortfall of the inputs and the working state of each equipment in

each area should be clarified with a view to examining the need for new procurement or change of equipment deployment and the deployment of equipment and personnel should be roughly planned.

In addition, a detailed operation plan for the following month should be prepared at the end of each month, taking the generated volume of municipal solid waste, the disposal situation and the equipment maintenance situation, etc. in the current month into consideration. The main planning items here are the operating hours, number of shifts, number of trips and vehicle deployment. Here, it is essential that the resulting plan accurately reflects the situation of the collection sites and any problems which are encountered, etc. Careful attention must be paid to likely seasonal fluctuations caused by Ramadan and the tourist season, etc.

All plans and work records must be documented to allow effective management by staff members in the case of the temporary absence of those normally in charge.

(2) Careful Use of Equipment

In connection with the actual collection and transportation work, drivers and workers must be strictly reminded not to leave any waste behind and to drive the vehicles carefully. This reminder must be repeated and the introduction of a scheme which rewards excellent workers every month may well prove to be highly effective.

Some of the existing vehicles are sometimes used on two shifts, i.e. during the day and at night. In this case, each such vehicle is operated by multiple persons and the feeling of personal affection for a vehicle may be lower among the crew members. As a result, the sense of responsibility towards a vehicle among the crew members may decline, possibly resulting in the overlooking of malfunctioning or signs of malfunctioning and/or rough driving. Each vehicle should, therefore, be operated by one crew and any extra collection work beyond the design collection volume per day should be conducted as overtime by the same crew instead of introducing an extra shift with a different crew in order to maintain a sense of responsibility for the vehicle among the crew members.

(3) Data Control

At present, the control of collection data, etc. is based on the loading capacity and the number of trips of the collection and transportation vehicles. Accordingly, it is difficult to control the over- loading or under-loading of vehicles. As the data currently used is nominal data, it does not accurately reflect the actual operation.

Solid waste management requires the accurate control of data on the collection amount, transportation amount and disposal amount, etc. The load control of each vehicle is also necessary as over-loading significantly affects the vehicle durability. However, there is currently no measuring equipment, such as a weigh bridge, except for at the Eizariya landfill site which receives municipal solid waste from the Bethlehem area and which is operated by Israel. The installation of measuring equipment at the landfill sites to be developed/improved in the coming years will be necessary so that the volume (weight) of all collected and transported solid waste can be measured for compilation and analysis for the purpose of using the analysis results for the formulation of a collection and transportation plan.

2.4.1.2 Inspection and Maintenance of Collection, Transportation and Disposal Equipment

Equipment maintenance is extremely important from the viewpoint of maintaining an appropriate equipment operation rate. The current maintenance regime lacks sufficient preventive maintenance and centres on work to repair breakdowns except for such essential but simple work as oil changes, etc.

The prevention of equipment breakdowns is strongly required by means of the early discovery of signs of a breakdown and change of the relevant parts to maintain an appropriate equipment operation rate. For this reason, periodic inspection is essential.

The basic idea of equipment maintenance is shown in Fig. 2.4.1-1 and the concrete contents of periodic inspection are described in 2.4.4.

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Good maintenance of equipment Ú Application of preventive maintenance (periodic inspection) Ú Minor maintenance (every 3,000 km) Intermediate maintenance (every 12,000 km) Major maintenance (every 36,000 km)

Fig. 2.4.1-1 Basic Idea of Equipment Maintenance

2.4.2 Operation and Maintenance System

Each JCspd should establish the operation and maintenance system described below.

(1) Organization of JCspd

Each JCspd has established a board of directors consisting of the heads of local authorities in its administrative area and this board of directors functions as the highest decision-making organ of the JCspd. However, the staff members who control the routine work under the instruction of the board of directors are still in the process of organization. This process must be completed as soon as possible.

An organization similar to that shown in Fig. 2.4.2-1 is believed to be necessary to implement the wide area municipal solid waste management which is envisaged by the Project.

Board of Directors Heads of Related Local Authorities Chairman

Executive Officer

General Affairs & Finance Technical Department Maintenance Department Department

Finance & Planning Service Purchasing Div. Workshop/ General Affairs & Accounting Div Div. Management Personnel Dev. Div. Subcontracting Collection Block 1 Div Collection Block 2 Collection Block 3 Collection Block 4 Landfill Site Fig. 2.4.2-1 Proposed Organization of JCspd for Project Implementation

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The expected roles of each department, etc. are described below.

1) Board of Directors and Chairman

The board of directors compiles requests made by local authorities in its JCspd area and monitors the business management situation of the JCspd. The board of directors is chaired by the Chairman who issues the necessary instructions to the Executive Officer.

2) Executive Officer

As the person responsible for municipal solid waste management in the area, the executive manager controls the JCspd. The executive manager also forwards the instructions of the board of directors to the relevant departments and divisions and manages the wide-ranging activities of the JCspd.

3) General Affairs and Personnel Division, General Affairs and Finance Department

This division is responsible for general administrative affairs, the personnel management of staff members and management of the facilities of the JCspd.

4) Finance and Accounting Division, General Affairs and Finance Department

This division is responsible for the financial and accounting management of the JCspd. It controls the solid waste management charges paid via the local authorities and conducts purchasing and the payment of subcontracting fees in regard to private companies and staff wages, etc.

5) Planning Division, Technical Department

This division is responsible for the compilation of data on the solid waste management situation and socioeconomic survey data in the area. Using such data, it establishes the current situation of solid waste management in the area and formulates solid waste management plans for the following month, following year and short to medium period.

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6) Services Management Division, Technical Department

This division is responsible for the actual solid waste collection, transportation and disposal work using the corresponding vehicles and equipment. The introduction of an efficient block system is necessary in view of the collection blocks in the JCspd areas, existing grouping of local authorities and situation of the facilities in possession. A Block Supervisor, drivers and workers will be deployed in each block.

7) Purchasing Division, Maintenance Department

This division is responsible for the purchase of tools and spare parts, etc. which are essential for equipment maintenance and also conducts the inventory control of those spare parts of which stocking is required.

8) Workshop/Subcontracting Division, Maintenance Department

When a JCspd possesses a workshop, this division is responsible for the operation of the workshop. It controls and supervises maintenance at private workshops to ensure proper equipment maintenance. Even if a JCspd possesses a workshop, the use of private workshops for intermediate and major maintenance is necessary. Accordingly, this division must have the function to subcontract maintenance work to the private sector.

In the Salfeet JCspd area, the construction of a separation wall is in progress by the Government of Israel as there are major Israel settlements in the area. It is almost certain that the area will be divided into three blocks, etc. South, East and West, and, local transport will be restricted following the completion of this wall. Accordingly, the establishment of a solid waste collection service which serves each block will be necessary. The service in these blocks will be provided by the existing Salfeet South local JCspd, Salfeet East local JCspd and Salfeet West local JCspd and these three local JCspds will be controlled by the Salfeet JCspd. This system will be exceptional and will only apply to the Salfeet JCspd area. It will, therefore, be necessary for the Salfeet JCspd to establish an organization similar to that shown in Fig. 2.4.2-2.

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Board of Directors Heads of Related Chairman Local Authorities

Executive Officer

South Block East Block West Block General Affairs Department

General Affairs & General Affairs & General Affairs & General Affairs & Finance Div. Finance Div. Finance Div. Finance Div.

Service Service Service Technical Planning Management Div. Management Div. Management Div. Div.

Fig. 2.4.2-2 Proposed Organization of JCspd for Project Implementation (Salfeet JCspd only)

(2) Centralised Management of Equipment

The efficient use of equipment in each JCspd area is essential and it will, therefore, be necessary for each JCspd to centrally manage the solid waste management equipment, including existing equipment. Much of the existing equipment is still owned and managed by individual local authorities as was the case prior to the establishment of the JCspds and the swift transfer of this equipment to the JCspds will be necessary. However, as the swift transfer of ownership could prove to be difficult, the option of leasing or transferring the operating rights to the JCspds should be taken up if the swift transfer of equipment is found to be difficult.

1) Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Area

Routine inspection and maintenance, periodic inspection and maintenance and minor repairs will be conducted at the existing workshop of the Jericho Municipality while repairs requiring advanced skills will be subcontracted to a private workshop.

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2) Tulkarem JCspd Area

Routine inspection and maintenance, periodic inspection and maintenance and minor repairs will be conducted at the existing workshop of the Tulkarem Municipality while repairs requiring advanced skills will be subcontracted to a private workshop.

3) Salfeet JCspd Area

In the Salfeet JCspd area, no local authority has a workshop which is capable of conducting the maintenance, inspection and repair of equipment. It is, therefore, planned that all types of maintenance and repair work, including such minor work as oil changes, will be subcontracted to a private workshop.

4) Bethlehem JCspd Area

In the Bethlehem JCspd area, no local authority has a workshop which is capable of conducting the maintenance, inspection and repair of equipment. It is, therefore, planned that all types of maintenance and repair work, including such minor work as oil changes, will be subcontracted to a private workshop.

(3) Service Charge Collection System

The administrative expenses of each JCspd will be paid by the service charge (tax) collected from local residents and owners of small commercial/industrial businesses in the area and the establishment of an efficient service charge collection system will be necessary.

Prior to the establishment of the JCspds, each local authority collected the service charge based on the scale of the service. The use of this service should prove to be efficient. Accordingly, the service charge collection system to be established will involve the collection of the service charge in the form of a solid waste management tax by each local authority from local residents and small business owners and payment of the required amount by each local authority to the JCspd.

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2.4.3 Operation and Maintenance Staff

Management staff, Drivers and workers will be required to manage the JCspd and operate the equipment procured under the Project. The existing staff of local authorities comprising the JCspd can be used and the recruitment of new staff will be required to meet any shortage.

Maintenance staff will be required for the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd and the Tulkarem JCspd, both of which have their own workshop. However, there is very little need to reinforce the existing staff because of (i) the similarity of the new equipment to existing equipment which has been maintained by the said staff and (ii) the subcontracting of more advanced maintenance and repair work to private workshops. Table 2.4.3-1 and Table 2.4.3-2 show the staff of each JCspd required for the implementation of the Project in case of applying the structure described in clause 2.4.2. Funding for wages, etc. which is necessary to secure the service of staff will be paid by the service charge collected by each JCspd.

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Table 2.4.3-1 Proposed Number of Staff for JCspd -1 JCspd Jericho and Position Jordan River Tulkarem Bethlehem Rift Valley Executive Officer 1 1 1 Department Manager 3 3 3 Dealt by Dept General Affairs & Finance Dept. Staff 22 Manager Dealt by Dept Technical Dept. Planning Staff 22 Manager Technical Dept. Block Supervisor 4 4 3 Technical Dept. Landfill Supervisor 1 Dealt by Dept Maintenance Dept. Staff 22 Manager Total JCspd Management Staff 9 14 13 Workers Driver, existing compactors 3 17 20 Worker, existing compactors 6 34 40 Driver, new compactors 4 15 16 Worker, new compactors 8 30 32 Driver, existing trucks 1 1 7 Driver, new trucks 2 5 Driver, existing heavy equipment 1 Driver, new heavy equipment 1 2 Total JCspd Worker 26 104 115

Table 2.4.3-2 Proposed Number of Staff for JCspd -2 JCspd Position Salfeet Executive Officer 1 Department/Block Manager 4 Dealt by General Affairs & Finance Staff of Dept/Block Dept/Block Manager Service Management Staff of Block 3 Technical Planning Div. Staff 1 Total JCspd Management Staff 9 Workers Driver, existing compactors 5 Worker, existing compactors 10 Driver, new compactors 3 Worker, new compactors 6 Driver, existing trucks Driver, new trucks Driver, existing heavy equipment Driver, new heavy equipment Total JCspd Worker 24

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2.4.4 Periodic Inspection and Maintenance of Equipment

In Japan, vehicles must be maintained in accordance with the Guidelines for Statutory Inspection and Maintenance set forth by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport which specify the contents of the monthly, three monthly and annual inspections. In the case of the Project, similar inspection and maintenance work will be required as the procured equipment will be used for the solid waste management service which is a public service. It is preferable for the frequency of inspection and maintenance to be based on the mileage instead of the time span because of the different operating conditions from one type of vehicle to another.

Table 2.4.4-1 shows the frequency and contents of the periodic inspection and maintenance for vehicles.

Table 2.4.4-1 Contents of Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance No. Item Mileage Contents of Inspection and Maintenance Inspection of the proper functioning of the power train, hydraulic Minor inspection Approx. every systems, electrical installations and suspension, etc. and greasing at 1 and maintenance 3,000 km necessary points; preventive maintenance is one of the most important types of work. This maintenance work is conducted after travelling for some 12,000 km even though the conditions of wear, deformation, cracking and damage, etc. of individual components are not uniform depending on Intermediate Approx. every the working conditions; adjustment, repair or changing of parts for 2 inspection and 12,000 km the engine, power train, suspension and hydraulic systems in general; maintenance the entire maintenance must be conducted in the workshop because of the need for special equipment; sheet metal processing and painting, etc. of the body may be necessary. The contents of this maintenance work are the same as those of the Major inspection Approx. every intermediate inspection and maintenance; special emphasis is placed 3 and maintenance 36,000 km on checking of the brake and clutch linings and suspension (especially the springs).

The inspection and maintenance of construction machinery after a certain length of operation is necessary for construction machinery unlike vehicles in addition to daily inspection. The inspection and maintenance of construction machinery should follow the maintenance guidelines for each type of machine. Table 2.4.4-2 shows the contents of the necessary inspection and maintenance for construction machinery.

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Table 2.4.4-2 Contents of Maintenance Work for Construction Machinery No. Item Contents of Inspection and Maintenance After operation each day, the operator conducts inspection, 1 Daily inspection and maintenance adjustment, cleaning, replenishment of the fuel and cooling water and greasing. Weekly inspection and maintenance Inspection and adjustment beyond the scope of daily inspection 2 (approx. every 50 hours of operation) and maintenance; changing of the oil and elements, etc; greasing Inspection, adjustment and changing of the parts and Monthly inspection and maintenance 3 consumables, etc. which are not part of the weekly inspection and (approx. every 250 hours) maintenance.

While the service life of each equipment greatly varies depending on the conditions of use, the solid waste management body must prepare for the equipment replacement of both vehicles and construction machinery approximately every 10 years.

2.4.5 Spare Parts Procurement Plan

Under the Project, the supply of spare parts and consumables which are required for approximately one year’s operation of each procured equipment is planned at the time of the procurement with grant aid. It will be necessary for the Palestinian side to procure spare parts, etc. from the second year onwards based on its own self-help efforts.

While a detailed list of the spare parts, etc. to be supplied must be planned based on the operating/consumption conditions of each equipment, it will be necessary to set aside approximately 2.5% or more of the equipment cost proper to meet the cost of spare parts and consumables each year.

2.5 Project Cost Estimation 2.5.1 Estimated Project Cost

The total cost of the implementation of this project will be ¥6.65 million. The Japanese portion and the Palestinian portion based on their respective demarcation explained earlier and the estimation conditions given below will be as follows.

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(1) Japanese Portion

Estimated Japanese portion: ¥6.65 million Item Project Cost(million JPY) Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley 84 Procurement of the Tulkarem 298 649 Equipment Salfeet 38 Bethlehem 229 Detail Design and Procurement Supervision 16 Remark: The cost estimation is provisional and would be further examined by the Government of Japan for the approval of the Grant

(2) Palestinian Portion

Estimated Palestinian portion: 16,170 NIS (approx. 0.4 million JPY)

1) Inland transportation cost of procured equipment in the West Bank: 16,170 NIS (approx. 0.4 million JPY)

(3) Estimation Conditions

1) Date of estimation : December, 2005

2) Foreign exchange rate : US$ 1 = ¥113.50 1 NIS = ¥24.85 1 Euro = ¥137.60

3) Procurement period : The tender and equipment procurement periods are those described in 2.2.4.7.

4) Others : It is assumed that the Project will be implemented in accordance with the grant aid scheme of the Government of Japan

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2.5.2 Operation and Maintenance Cost

The annual operation and maintenance (O & M) cost per equipment to be utilized under the Project is shown in Table 2.5.2-1.

Table 2.5.2-1 Annual O & M Cost per Equipment System Fuel, Oil Operation Maintenance Total Type NIS/Y/unit NIS/Y/unit NIS/Y/unit NIS/Y/unit 5m3 Class Compactor Type 1 15,725 68,040 34,500 118,265 Type 2 33,643 68,040 34,500 136,183 Type 3 38,537 68,040 34,500 141,077 8m3 Class Compactor Type 1 18,331 68,040 69,300 155,671 Type 2 32,920 68,040 69,300 170,260 Type 3 37,797 68,040 69,300 175,137 12m3 Class Compactor Type 1 22,848 68,040 78,450 169,338 Type 2 34,937 68,040 78,450 181,427 Type 3 36,267 68,040 78,450 182,757 4-8m3 Hook Loader Type 1 24,178 25,200 54,300 103,678 Type 2 42,070 25,200 54,300 121,570 Type 3 43,520 25,200 54,300 123,020 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck Type 2 39,168 25,200 67,950 132,318 13t Soil Dump Truck Type 2 14,507 25,200 67,950 107,657 120PS Track Loader 67,698 25,200 147,150 240,048 2m3 Wheel Loader 59,170 25,200 50,250 134,620 1m3 Backhoe Loader 50,774 25,200 50,250 126,224

Taking into account the number of the existing and new equipment, it will be necessary for each JCspd to secure the budget shown in Table 2.5.2-2 for O & M of the equipment.

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Table 2.5.2-2 Annual O & M Cost of the Equipment Existing Equipment Equipment to be Procured JCspdType System O&M Cost O&M Cost No No NIS/Y/unit NIS/unit NIS/Y/unit NIS/unit Jericho 5m3 Class Compactor Type 1 1 118,265 118,265 and 4m3 Hook Loader Type 1 1 103,678 103,678 Jordan River 5m3 Class Compactor Type 2 2 136,183 272,366 Rift Valley 8m3 Hook Loader Type 1 1 103,678 103,678 8m3 Class Compactor Type 1 2 155,671 311,342 8m3 Class Compactor Type 2 2 170,260 340,520 120PS Track Loader 1 240,048 240,048 13t Soil Dump Truck Type 2 1 107,657 107,657 1m3 Backhoe Loader 1 126,224 126,224 Sub total 5 734,357 7 989,421 Total 1,723,778

Tulkarem 5m3 Class Compactor Type 1 2 118,265 236,530 8m3 Class Compactor Type 1 2 155,671 311,342 4m3 Hook Loader Type 2 1 121,570 121,570 5m3 Class Compactor Type 2 1 136,183 136,183 8m3 Class Compactor Type 2 6 170,260 1,021,560 12m3 Class Compactor Type 2 5 181,427 907,135 14 181,427 2,539,978 Truck Type 2 1 121,570 121,570 12m3 Class Compactor Type 3 2 182,757 365,514 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck Type 2 4 132,318 529,272 2m3 Wheel Loader 2 134,620 269,240 Sub total 18 2,855,890 22 3,704,004 Total 6,559,894

Salfeet 5m3 Class Compactor Type 1 3 118,265 354,795 8m3 Class Compactor Type 1 1 155,671 155,671 3 155,671 467,013 12m3 Class Compactor Type 1 1 169,338 169,338 Sub total 5 679,804 3 467,013 Total 1,146,817

Bethlehem 5m3 Class Compactor Type 2 5 136,183 680,915 8m3 Class Compactor Type 2 5 170,260 851,300 3 170,260 510,780 12m3 Class Compactor Type 2 10 181,427 1,814,270 13 181,427 2,358,551 8m3 Hook Loader Type 2 3 121,570 364,710 Truck Type 2 4 121,570 486,280 Sub total 27 4,197,475 16 2,869,331 Total 7,066,806

The cost which is required for JCspd to manage the solid waste, is as shown in Table 2.5.2-3. It is judged that Each JCspd is required to collect the solid waste management charge (tax) at average 20 – 30 NIS/month/household from households and/or business owners. From the next clause, cost calculation base is described.

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Table 2.5.2-3 Cost for JCspd for Solid Waste Management Planned Planned Planned Collection, Transport Landfill JCspd Management Analysis Charge/ Indirect Total per per JCspd Population Waste Landfill(O&M of Equipment) Charge Direct Sub total per Waste Manage NIS/t (100%) Population Household t/year site NIS/year NIS/t NIS/t NIS/year NIS/year NIS/year NIS/year NIS/year NIS/t NIS/t/month NIS/t 5,256 Tubran 35.00 183,960 35.00 Jericho and Jordan River Rift 39,508 16,535 Jericho1,249,849 57.36 522,379 31.59 306,000 306,000 612,000 2,568,188 117.86 5.42 32.52 Valley 21,791 Sub total 706,339 32.41 Tulkarem 166,054 67,233 Jenin 6,559,894 97.57 35.00 2,353,155 35.00 420,000 420,000 840,000 9,753,049 145.06 4.89 29.34 11,132 Salfeet 514,800 46.25 4,198 Istiya 174,520 41.57 Salfeet 72,073 1,146,817 47.82 306,000 306,000 612,000 2,796,077 116.60 3.23 19.38 8,651 Az Zawiya 347,940 40.22 23,981 Sub total 1,037,260 43.25 Bethlehem 205,070 70,117 Eizaria 7,066,806 100.79 20.00 1,402,340 20.00 390,000 390,000 780,000 9,249,146 131.91 3.76 22.56 Total 371,124 183,122 16,023,366 87.50 5,499,094 30.03 1,422,000 1,422,000 2,844,000 24,366,460 133.06 5.47 32.82

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2.5.2.1 Fuel and Oil Cost

It is likely that the operation, including their idling time, of the vehicles to be procured under the Project will consume much fuel and oil. Accordingly, it will be necessary for the Palestinian side to accumulate data during vehicle operation with a view to identifying the most efficient operating mode to reduce wasteful consumption as much as possible.

In the present study, the fuel and oil consumption is assumed to be as shown in Table 2.5.2-4 and Table 2.5.2-5. The fuel and oil cost is calculated using a diesel oil equivalent cost of 3.5 NIS/litre based on actual records of purchase in Jericho and Tulkarem, etc.

Table 2.5.2-4 Cost of Fuel and Oil for Vehicles (per unit)

Type 1Type 2Type 3 Trip Standard No Cost Cost Standard No Cost Cost Standard No Cost Cost Type of Trip (NIS/day) (NIS/year) of Trip (NIS/day) (NIS/year) of Trip (NIS/day) (NIS/year) 5m3 Class Compactor 4.0 50.08 15,725 2.1 107.14 33,643 1.5 122.73 38,537 8m3 Class Compactor 3.5 58.38 18,331 1.9 104.84 32,920 1.4 120.37 37,797 12m3 Class Compactor 2.7 72.77 22,848 1.7 111.27 34,937 1.2 115.50 36,267 4-8m3 Hook Loader 10.0 77.00 24,178 2.9 133.98 42,070 1.8 138.60 43,520 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck 2.7 124.74 39,168 13t Soil Dump Truck 1.0 46.20 14,507 Note: 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck is calculated as Type 2. 13t Dump Truck is also calculated as Type 2. Both dump trucks are planned to make a trip of 60km distance per trip.

Table 2.5.2-5 Cost of Fuel and Oil for Heavy Equipment (per unit)

Power Rate Consumption Ave. Hour Ave. Day Ave. Hour Consumption Cost Type kw L/kw/h L/h h/day day/year h/year L/year NIS/year 120PS Track Loader 88 0.175 15.40 4 314 1,256 19,342.40 67,698 2m3 Wheel Loader 88 0.153 13.46 4 314 1,256 16,905.76 59,170 1m3 Backhoe Loader 66 0.175 11.55 4 314 1,256 14,506.80 50,774 Note: Calculation is in accordance with Japanese Association for construction machinery. Oil is included in the rate.

2.5.2.2 Maintenance Cost

The amount of the equipment maintenance cost varies depending on the level of maintenance and state of deterioration. Accordingly, it will be necessary for each JCspd to secure the necessary budget to meet the maintenance cost in correspondence with the required operation and state of deterioration (ageing) of each equipment.

Funding of some 5% of the cost of the equipment proper is inferred to be necessary each year to meet the maintenance cost, including the cost of spare parts, to ensure safe equipment operation.

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For this reason, 5% of the estimated equipment cost is accounted for under the Project as the maintenance cost.

It will be necessary for each JCspd to prepare for the renewal of equipment approximately 10 years to ensure safe equipment operation. The maintenance cost calculated in this report includes the equipment depreciation cost over a period of 10 years.

Table 2.5.2-6 shows the calculated maintenance cost of the equipment.

Table 2.5.2-6 Cost for Equipment Maintenance Depreciation Maintenance Base Price Total Type (10 years) (5%/year) NIS/unit NIS/year/unit NIS/year/unit NIS/year/unit 5m3 Class Compactor 230,000 23,000 11,500 34,500 8m3 Class Compactor 462,000 46,200 23,100 69,300 12m3 Class Compactor 523,000 52,300 26,150 78,450 4-8m3 Hook Loader 362,000 36,200 18,100 54,300 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck 453,000 45,300 22,650 67,950 13t Soil Dump Truck 453,000 45,300 22,650 67,950 120PS Track Loader 981,000 98,100 49,050 147,150 2m3 Wheel Loader 335,000 33,500 16,750 50,250 1m3 Backhoe Loader 335,000 33,500 16,750 50,250

2.5.2.3 Equipment Operation Personnel Costs

It will be necessary for each JCspd to secure the necessary budget to meet the personnel cost (drivers, operators and workers, etc.). Table 2.5.2-7 shows necessary personnel cost for equipment operation.

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Table 2.5.2-7 Personnel Cost for Equipment Operation

Subtotal/ Miscellaneous Driver/unit Worker (Crew) /unit Total/unit Type unit (5%) Persons NIS/M/per NIS/month NIS/year Persons NIS/M/per NIS/month NIS/year NIS/year NIS/year NIS/year 5m3 Class Compactor 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 2 1,700 3,400 40,800 64,800 3,240 68,040 8m3 Class Compactor 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 2 1,700 3,400 40,800 64,800 3,240 68,040 12m3 Class Compactor 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 2 1,700 3,400 40,800 64,800 3,240 68,040 4-8m3 Hook Loader 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 24,000 1,200 25,200 15m3 Garbage Dump Truck 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 24,000 1,200 25,200 13t Soil Dump Truck 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 24,000 1,200 25,200 120PS Track Loader 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 24,000 1,200 25,200 2m3 Wheel Loader 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 24,000 1,200 25,200 1m3 Backhoe Loader 1 2,000 2,000 24,000 24,000 1,200 25,200

2.5.2.4 Landfill Cost

The landfill operation planned under the Project can be divided into two types. One is for the JCspd to run its own landfill site while the other is for the JCspd to use a landfill site which is run by another body and to pay the cost.

(1) Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd

The Jericho landfill site acting as the principal landfill site will be served by equipment owned by the JCspd. Therefore, the O & M cost of the equipment and the cost of covering soil to conduct minimum soil cover operation are accounted for as shown in Table 2.5.2-8.

Table 2.5.2-8 O&M Cost for Jericho Landfill Site Unit Price Amount Item Qunatity unit （NIS）（NIS） 120PS Track Loader 1 year 240,048 240,048 1m3 Backhoe Loader 1 year 126,224 126,224 13t Soil Dump Truck 1 year 107,657 107,657 Covering Soil 3,230 t 15 48,450 5.9m3x365daysx1.5t/m3 Total 522,379

The cost to be paid to Tubran landfill site is estimated 35NIS/t, which is presented by the Israeli side.

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(2) Tulkarem JCspd

While a plan to use the new Jenin landfill site is in place, the unit disposal cost has not yet been finalised as of December, 2005. Having referred to the unit cost at landfill sites run by Israel, the final disposal cost is estimated based on an assumed unit cost of 35 NIS/ton.

(3) Salfeet JCspd

The Salfeet JCspd will run three landfill sites. Because of the relatively small disposal volume at each site, it is planned to use a rented wheel loader to conduct soil cover operation. Accordingly, the equipment rental cost and the covering soil cost are accounted for as shown in Table 2.5.2-9.

Table 2.5.2-9 O&M Cost for Salfeet Landfill Sites Unit Price Amount Item Qunatity unit （NIS）（NIS） 120PS Wheel Loader 942 h 500 471,000 3hx314days Covering Soil 2,190 t 20 43,800 4m3x365daysx1.5t/m3 Total 514,800

Istiya Landfill Site Unit Price Amount Item Qunatity unit （NIS）（NIS） 120PS Wheel Loader 314 h 500 157,000 1hx314days Covering Soil 876 t 20 17,520 1.6m3x365daysx1.5t/m3 Total 174,520

Az Zawiya Landfill Site Unit Price Amount Item Qunatity unit （NIS）（NIS） 120PS Wheel Loader 628 h 500 314,000 2hx314days Covering Soil 1,697 t 20 33,940 3.1m3x365daysx1.5t/m3 Total 347,940

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(4) Bethlehem JCspd

The use of the Eizariya landfill site is planned. At present, the JCspd pays a disposal cost of 20 NIS/ton and the same figure is used for estimation of the final disposal cost.

The final disposal cost estimated here does not include the construction cost. Therefore, at the time of the construction of a new landfill site, it will be necessary to secure a new funding source other than the normal solid waste management tax (charge).

2.5.2.5 JCspd Management Personnel Cost

As described in 2.4.2, the administrative staff of the JCspd will be required for solid waste management in addition to drivers and workers. It will be necessary for the personnel cost of such staff and the administration cost to be paid by the solid waste management tax. This cost is calculated as Table 2.5.2-10 and Table 2.5.2-11.

Table 2.5.2-10 JCspd Management Cost-1

JCspdUnit Price Amount（NIS/year） Jericho and Jericho and Position Jordan River Tulkarem Bethlehem NIS/year Jordan River Tulkarem Bethlehem Rift Valley Rift Valley Executive Officer 1 1 1 48,000 48,000 48,000 48,000 Department Manager 3 3 3 36,000 108,000 108,000 108,000 Dealt by Dept General Affairs & Finance Dept. Staff 2 2 24,000 48,000 48,000 Manager Dealt by Dept Technical Dept. Planning Staff 2 2 24,000 48,000 48,000 Manager Technical Dept. Block Supervisor 4 4 3 30,000 120,000 120,000 90,000 Technical Dept. Landfill Supervisor 1 30,000 30,000 0 0 Dealt by Dept Maintenance Dept. Staff 2 2 24,000 48,000 48,000 Manager Total JCspd Management Staff 9 14 13 306,000 420,000 390,000

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Table 2.5.2-11 JCspd Management Cost-2

JCspd Unit Price Amount Position Salfeet NIS/year （NIS/year） Executive Officer 1 48,000 48,000 Department/Block Manager 4 36,000 144,000 Dealt by General Affairs & Finance Staff of Dept/Block 24,000 Dept/Block Manager Service Management Staff of Block 3 30,000 90,000 Technical Planning Div. Staff 1 24,000 24,000 Total JCspd Management Staff 9 306,000

2.6 Other Relevant Issues 2.6.1 Tax Exemption Measures

As PNA controlled areas are situated within the occupied territory of Israel, the competent tax office of Israel will be involved in the exemption from customs duties and other taxes. As of 2005, the political and economic relationship of cooperation between the PNA and the Government of Israel is not necessarily favourable and a sudden policy change could still occur. Accordingly, careful attention must be paid to the state of the relationship between the PNA and the Government of Israel and the continual study of any changes or increasing difficulty of obtaining tax exemption and other facilities will be necessary.

2.6.2 Wide Area Municipal solid waste Management Skills

The Project presupposes the commencement of wide area municipal solid waste management by the JCspds which have been newly established. Even though there have been some cases of joint management involving a small number of local authorities, the joint management of municipal solid waste based on the wide area of a governorate is a new attempt. It is, therefore, necessary to facilitate the establishment of a proper system for joint management. For this purpose, the Related Technical Cooperation Project which is currently in progress can be used. It will be essential to convey the achievements of the Related Technical Cooperation Project and the situation of municipal solid waste management in the Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd to other JCspds along with the continual exchange of relevant information between JCspds.

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CHAPTER 3

PROJECT EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CHAPTER 3 PROJECT EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Project Effects The current situation and problems of the Project Area and the improvement measures and their expected effects are shown in Table 3.1-1.

Table 3.1-1 Project Effects Improvement Measures Effects and Degree of Current Situation and Problems Under the Project Improvement Under the Project 1. At present, the collection amount (rate) of Procurement of the following solid The collection amount (rate) of municipal solid waste is low at 48.9 waste collection and transportation municipal solid waste in 2010 tons/day (85%) in Jericho and Jordan vehicles; will have improved to 59.7 River Rift Valley JCspd, 152.8tons/day ･ 8 m3Compactor: 10 tons/day (90%) in Jericho and (86%) in Tulkarem JCspd, 42.4 tons/day ･ 12 m3Compactor: 29 Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd, (67.5%) in Salfeet JCspd, 130 tons/day ･ 8 m3 Hook Loader Truck: 1 184.2tons/day (90%) in (73.2%) in Bethlehem JCspd and solid ･ 15 m3 Garbage Dump Truck: 4 Tulkarem JCspd, 65.7 waste has begun to pile up in some areas ･ 2 m3 Wheel Loader: 2 tons/day (90%) in Salfeet of these cities. The rate is expected to fall ･ 1.1 m3Container: 2,085 JCspd, 192.1 tons/day (90%) further in the coming years because of the ･ 8 m3Container: 10 in Bethlehem. aging of equipment and population increase, exacerbating the piling up of solid waste. 2. Landfill site equipment for sanitary Procurement of the following Condition of existing landfill landfilling will be lack in Jericho and landfill equipment; site will be improved due to Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd, because ･ 1m3 Backhoe Loader: 1 sanitary landfilling by supplied that about 45t/days waste from southern ･ 13 ton Class Soil Dump Truck : 1 equipment. part is disposed in existing final disposal site.

3.2 Task and Recommendations 3.2.1 Tasks and Recommendations for Recipient Country (1) Tax Exemption

Since the PNA territory exists in Israel, the tax authorities of Israel will involve in tax exemption of a customs duty etc. The cooperative relation in politics and economy between the PNA and Israel is not always good at 2005 and there is a possibility to occur an unpredictable change of situation. Therefore, the project implementation agency of Palestine needs always to grasp the newest procedure for the tax exemption, so that a trouble may not occur in customs procedures.

(2) Management Technology for Regional Waste Disposal

This project shall be planned based on the start of regional and wider area waste management by

121 JCspd, which has just been formed. Although the PNA has some experiences of cooperative solid waste collection by a small number of local authorities, inter-municipal solid waste management in governorate basis is the first attempt for them. It is therefore necessary to accelerate the formulation of JCspd. Application of result of the related technical cooperation project will be effective for the formulation. The PNA is required to transfer the result of related technical cooperation in Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd to other JCspds and continue information exchange between JCspds.

(3) Improvement of Collection Rate

The solid waste collection rate can be improved by strengthening of the hard aspect comprising equipment and manpower and the efficient use of those. While the number of equipment required to achieve the target collection rate will be procured under the Project, the efficient use of this equipment will require self-help efforts on the Palestinian side. For this reason, the introduction of some soft measures will be necessary for the effective use of the equipment and for efficient solid waste collection and transportation work. There are several soft measures to be introduced by the Palestinian side. ･ Setting up a collection and transportation route for each vehicle ･ Setting up a collection and transportation time (daytime or night time, etc.) for each vehicle ･ Deployment of vehicles in accordance with the collection/transportation routes and times ･ Implementation of activities to promote the appropriate discharge of solid waste by local residents

(4) Vehicle Maintenance

Currently used vehicles by the project implementing body are 15 – 20 years old, indicating its efforts to use the existing vehicles as much as possible. However, its vehicle maintenance method is symptomatic in that breakdowns are dealt with as they occur and periodic inspection and maintenance work to prevent breakdowns is not sufficiently conducted. The adoption of preventive maintenance based on periodic inspection and maintenance work is highly desirable to ensure the good condition of vehicles over a long period of time. Some project implementing body currently uses private garages to conduct the maintenance of its vehicles and the adoption of preventive maintenance will require additional funding. However the

122 preventive maintenance reduces the volume of repair work and the repair cost and the preventive maintenance cost are inferred to have a trade-off relationship. Accordingly, the pending task for the Palestinian side is the establishment of a preventive inspection and maintenance regime as soon as possible using this trade-off relationship between the repair cost and the preventive maintenance cost.

(5) Landfilling Technology

The final disposal of municipal solid waste in the West Bank is what is called “open dumping (dumping site)”, and sanitary landfilling will be started in Jenin in northern part of the West Bank as first operation. Although construction of 5 to 6 regional wider disposal sites will be needed, it is necessary to decrease as much as possible from the financial situation of Palestine not only about construction costs but about operation and maintenance cost. It is recommended to apply “semi-aerobic landfilling” technology which is mainly used in Japan. A remarkable effect is in the leachate treatment and decreasing operation and maintenance cost can be expected. Moreover, it is not forgettable that safety closure of existing disposal site remains as a large subject in respect of the environment of a dumping site after construction of regional waste disposal site.

(6) Environmental and Social Consideration

The increase in a resident burden (waste management tax) is not avoided by increasing the amount of collected waste with the collection capacity improvement and carrying out sanitary land-filling. Consideration and improvement of tax system is required. In the Project Area, compared with a resident burden, a commerce-and-industry company’s burden is considered to be less. This situation should be included in the consideration.

Moreover, introduction of recycling activities aiming at the cost reduction for solid waste management, decreasing an environmental impact and also effective use of resources shall be introduced from the long-term view.

3.2.2 Coordination with Technical Corporation Project by JICA and Other Projects donated by Other Countries

The relevant technical cooperation project “The Project for Capability Development on Solid Waste

123 Management in Jericho and the Jordan River Rift Valley” is carrying on at present. It is necessary to make a effective relation between the equipment to be supplied by this Project and capacity development in the technical cooperation project cooperate. Moreover, the “Jenin project of the World Bank (under construction)” which it is related to Tulkarem JCspd and the “Bethlehem final disposal site project of the Italy country (under a request)” are related to this Project. The JCspd concerned needs to take sufficient cooperation with the related donor, and needs to draw up the optimal medium-to-long term waste management plan.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX-1

MEMBER LIST OF THE STUDY TEAM

1. Members List of the Study Team

Name Assignment Current Position / Company Deputy Director General Grant Aid Management Department

Mr. Yoshinari OSHIMA Team Leader Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Cross-Border Expert, Dr. Mitsuo YOSHIDA Technical Advisor Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Water Resources Development and Environmental Management Team, Project Management Group 3, Ms. Sanae YOSHIDA Project Coordinator Grant Aid Management Department Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Chief Consultant / Yachiyo Engineering Co., Ltd. Mr. Katsumi FUJII Waste Collection Planner Deputy Chief Consultant / Ditto Waste Treatment Planner / Mr. Noboru SAEKI Environmental & Social Considerations

Mr. Kiyoshi SHIMIZU Equipment Planner Ditto

Cost Estimate / Ditto Mr. Takatoshi ARAI Procurement Planner

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APPENDIX-2

STUDY SCHEDULE

2. Study Schedule Date Movement Accomm Activity odation Nov. 26 (Sat) Departure form Tokyo - Departure from Tokyo Nov. 27 (Sun) Arrival at Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Arrival at Tel Aviv Internal Meeting Nov. 28 (Mon) Tel Aviv - Jericho Jericho Meeting at JICA Office and Embassy of Japan, Move to Jericho, Meeting with Jericho JCspd and the technical cooperation team for capacity development on solid waste management Nov. 29 (Tue) Jericho Discussion on Minutes of Discussion (M/D), Site visit around Jericho Nov. 30 (Wed) Jericho Discussion on M/D, Meeting at Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affaires, Site visit around Bethlehem Dec. 1 (Thu) Departure from Tel Aviv Jericho Signing M/D, Move to Tel Aviv, Report to JICA (JICA Officials) Office and Embassy of Japan Departure of JICA Officials from Tel Aviv Dec. 2 (Fri) Jericho Field Survey for Bethlehem JCspd: SWM in general Dec. 3 (Sat) Departure from Tokyo Jericho Field Survey for Jericho JCspd, Survey for relation to (Other Consultants) technical cooperation Dec. 4 (Sun) Arrival at Tel Aviv Jericho Field Survey for Jericho JCspd, Survey for relation to (Other Consultants) technical cooperation Dec. 5 (Mon) Jericho Meeting with Israel Civil Administration Field Survey for Jericho JCspd: SWM in general Dec. 6 (Tue) Jericho Field Survey for Bethlehem JCspd: SWM in general Dec. 7 (wed) Jericho Field Survey for Jericho JCspd: Waste collection system Time and motion Survey for Jericho JCspd Dec. 8 (Thu) Jericho Meeting with Israel Civil Administration and MOLG Time and motion Survey for Bethlehem JCspd Dec. 9 (Fri) Jericho Meeting with Italian Cooperation Dec. 10 (Sat) Jericho Field Survey for Jericho JCspd: Finance Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 11 (Sun) Jericho – Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Field Survey for Bethlehem JCspd: Finance Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 12 (Mon) Tel Aviv Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 13 (Tue) Tel Aviv Sum up the interim results Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 14 (Wed) Tel Aviv Field Survey for Salfeet JCspd: SWM in general

App-2-1 Date Movement Accomm Activity odation Dec. 15 (Thu) Departure from Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Field Survey for Jericho JCspd: Landfill (Chief consultant) Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 16 (Fri) Arrival at Tokyo (Chief Tel Aviv Documents preparation, Internal Meeting consultant) Dec. 17 (Sat) Tel Aviv Field Survey for Bethlehem JCspd: Landfill Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 18 (Sun) Departure from Tokyo Tel Aviv Field Survey for Tulkarem JCspd: Landfill (Chief consultant) Time and motion Survey for Tulkarem JCspd Dec. 19 (Mon) Arrival at Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Field Survey for Salfeet JCspd: Landfill Time and motion Survey for Salfeet JCspd Dec. 20 (Tue) Tel Aviv Field Survey for Tulkarem JCspd: Waste Collection, Finance Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 21 (Wed) Tel Aviv Field Survey for Salfeet JCspd: Waste Collection, Finance Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 22 (Thu) Jericho Supplemental survey, preparation of field report Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 23 (Fri) Jericho Documents preparation, Internal Meeting Dec. 24 (Sat) Jericho Supplemental survey, preparation of field report Dec. 25 (Sun) Jericho Preparation of field report Dec. 26 (Mon) Jericho Report to MOLG and each JCspd Dec. 27 (Tue) Jericho – Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Document preparation Procurement and Equipment Survey Dec. 28 (Wed) Departure from Tel Aviv - Report to JICA office and Embassy of Japan Departure form Tel Aviv Dec. 29 (Thu) - Dec. 30 (Fri) Arrival at Tokyo - Arrival at Tokyo

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APPENDIX-3

LIST OF PARTIES CONCERNED

IN THE RECIPIENT COUNTRY

3. List of Parties Concerned in Recipient Country

Agency and Position Name Ministry of Local Government Minister Mr. Khalid Fahed Qawasmi General Director, Dep. of Joint Councils for Service, Planning & Development Mr. Kamel Hemeid Vice General Director, Dep. of Joint Councils for Service, Planning & Development Mr. Abd Alnaser Makky Dep. of Joint Councils for Service, Planning & Development Mr. Wijdan sharpd Minister’s advisor Mr. Younis M. Qawasmeh Ministry of Local Government, Jericho Mr. Ismaeel Abujaber Ministry of Local Government, Tulkarem Mr. Saadelddin Odch Ministry of Local Government, Tulkarem Mr. Moliamal Zendiq Ministry of Local Government, Tulkarem Mr. Tareq Memny Ministry of Local Government, Salfeet Mr. Raed Banghauti Ministry of Local Government, Salfeet Mr. Fuad Ozreil Ministry of Planning Minister Mr. Ghassan Khatib Ministry of Finance Tax Manager, Dept. of Tax & Indirect Tax Mr. Nasser Jian Environment Quality Authority Deputy Chairman Mr. Jamil Shafiq Al-Motiur Director General, Polices and Planning Directorate Mr. Zaghloul Samhan Director General, International Relations Directorate Mr. Ahmed Abu Taher

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Agency and Position Name Jericho and Jordan River Rift Valley JCspd Mayor of Jericho Mr. Hasan Saleh Vice President, JCspd and Mayor, Zbidat Mr. Hassn Germy Mayor, Al-New’meh & Edyuk al-Foqa Mr. Ietdal Hammo Mayor, Al’ Auja Mr. Torkey E’shaibat Deputy Mayor, Jericho Mr. Ali Dana Head of Engineering Dept, Jericho Mr. Basel Hijazi Head of General Services Dept, Jericho Mr. Kmalid Jaber Head of culture and P.R Dept, Jericho Mr. Wiam Erikat Director of Health and environment Dept, Jericho Mr .Abdeljabbar Abuhalawa Head of Division of Solid and Pest Control, Jericho Mr. Sultan Roma Engineer, Jericho Mr. Ebrahim Dowr Council Member, Jericho Mr. Sa’ed Awajna Council Member, Jericho Mr. Adnan Hammad Council General Secretary, JCspd Mr. Ghaleb Sa Awatlah Civil Engineer, Marj Na’najh Mr. Wadee Abuhelal Manger of Municipality Workshop, Jericho Mr. Ismile Safy Tulkarem JCspd Mayer, Tulkarem municipality Mr. Mahmoud Jallad Engineer, Baqa Alsharqeih Mr. Muayad Husain Engineer, JSC (Wad Al Sha’ir) Mr. Mhmad Melhem Engineer, JSC (Al Sha’rawyyeh) Mr. Said Al Hudairi Engineer, JSC (Al Sha’rawyyeh) Mr. Baseh Absalih Secretary, JSC (Al Kufryyat) Mr. Adil Sa’ddeh Engineer, Tulkarem Mr. Nehael Abusheikha Engineer, Tulkarem Mr. Abdel Hassan Engineer, Baqa Alsharqeih Mr. Ammar Khamis Salfeet JCspd Mayor, Kifl Haris Municipality, Mr. Ahmmad Bozeyah Mayor, Kafr ad Dik Municipality Mr. Jamal Abd EL-hameed Mayor, Az Zawiya Municipality Mr. Ameer Shojeer Mayor, Bruqin Municipality Mr. Ekremah Samarra Deputy Mayor, Salfeet Municipality Mr. Abdrahim Salim Engineer, JCspd (East Salfeet) Mr. Bashar Abo Said Engineer, Salfeet Directorate Mr. Fouad Ozreil Supervisor of Wastewater Network, Salfeet Municipality Mr. Ahamad Shaheen

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Agency and Position Name Bethlehem JCspd Mayor, Al Obideih Mr. Maher Radaydeh Mayor, Doha Mr. Sami Mroua Mayor, Al Kahader Mr. Adnan Sbeih Mayor, Za’tara Mr. Sami Taoyib Head of Engineer, Bethlehem Mr. Juder Moukus Head of Engineer, AL Kahader Mr. Younis Azzeh Head of Engineer, AL Douha Mr. Mohamed Sayed Head of Engineer, Beit Jala Mr. Nadim Hadwef Project Manager, Beit Sahour Miss. Hannan Manoly Manager, Za’tara Municipality Mr. Muhamed Thweib Italian Cooperation, Consulate General of Italy Director Mr. Antonio Aloi Program Director Mr. Lorenzo Colonna-Preti Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs Director, Policy Planning & External Relations Department Center for International Development Cooperation Mr. Meron Reuben Counselor, North East Asia Department Mr. Gil Haskel Israeli Civil Administration Department of International Cooperation and Diplomatic Mission Lt Avi Rutenberg Regional Liaison and Coordination Office for West Bank and Gaza Mr. Beny Elbaz JICA Tel-Aviv Office Resident Representative Mr. Takeshi Naruse Assistant Resident Representative Mr. Kazuhiko Sakamoto Project Formulation Officer Mr. Tetsuya Mizutani Embassy of Japan in Israel First Secretary Mr.Izuru Shimmura Third Secretary Mr. Mitsuhiro Osaki

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APPENDIX-4

MINUTES OF DISCUSSIONS

169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183

APPENDIX-5

REFERENCES

5. References

References Name of study : The Basic Design Study on the Project for Improvement of Solid Waste Management (Phase 2) Palestine

From book, Name of government office to be Original / Year of No. Name of reference video, map, approached or name of issuing government copy publication photo, etc office UN Office for the Coordination of 1 West Bank Closures (A4 版) Map Original 2005 Humanitarian Affairs 2 West Bank Closures (A1 版) Map Original ditto 2005

3 West Bank Closures - Jericho Map Original ditto 2005

App 4 West Bank Closures - Tulkarm Map Original ditto 2005

-5-1 5 West Bank Closures - Salfit Map Original ditto 2005

6 West Bank Closures - Bethlehem Map Original ditto 2005

7 Palestinian Environmental Strategy Book Original Ministry of Environmental Affairs 2000 Project Formulation Study The solid waste Management For 8 Book Copy Japan International Cooperation Agency 2005 Jericho City 9 Analysis of Waste Management Policies in Palestine Book Copy U.S. Agency for international development 2005 Regulations issued by the Environmental quality Authority for 10 Book Copy Environmental quality Authority 2005 the year 2005 for Solid Waste Management and circulation Directives for preparing a survey on the effect of garbage 11 Book/map Copy Israeli Civil Administration disposal site on the environment 12 The status of the Environment in the West Bank Book Original Applied Research Institute-Jerusalem 1997 Statistical Monitoring of the Socio-economic Conditions of the 13 book Original Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2005 Palestinian Society 14 Statistical abstract of Palestine Book Original Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2004 From book, Name of government office to be Original / Year of No. Name of reference video, map, approached or name of issuing government copy publication photo, etc office 15 Agricultural statistics 2002 / 2003 Book Original Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2004

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