National Future Farmer VOLUME 17 NUMBER 6 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1969

! S^iCORNSHOW! SeeThe Hot New Hybrids

Corn growers have discovered ability to make the most of all Line Hybrids is unmatched. a new way to increase their available moisture and fertility. And, for silage, these hybrids

profits from corn : Plant 100 The new Hot Line Funk's G- give absolute top tonnages of per cent of their corn acres to Hybrids are fast-starting, pro- high-TDN feed. the new extra-high-yielding duce attractive stalks with ears Join the swing to Funk's Funk's G -Hybrids. at a desirable, uniform height. G- Hybrids. To remain compet- These new Hot Line Hybrids Stalk quality is outstanding. itive in the farming business have been specially bred for These hybrids stand straight these days, you need to plant your growing conditions. and true through harvest. And the best seed there is: Plant They have been extensively they dry down fast. new Hot Line Funk's G- field tested and proven their Grain quality of the new Hot Hybrids.

HYBRID THE HOT LINE HYBRIDS 81 .

The National Future Farmer VOLUME 17 NUMBER 6 AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1969

Departments MAGAZINE STAFI Word With The Editor 4 Something New 28 Wilson W. Carries, Editor V. Stanley Allen, Business Manager From The Mailbag 6 Sportrait 30 John M. Pitzer, Assoriute Editor Looking Ahead 8 Free For You 40 Ronald A. Miller, Associate Editor Kathy Cherry, Editorial Assistant

The Chapter Scoop 25 Joke Page 42 Connie J. Hooker, Editorial Assistant Norma Salvatore, Circulation Assistant Frances Hall, Circulation Assistant Features Adriana Stagg, Circulation Assistant Land Handler 17 Jim Hayhurst, Promotion Assistant Glenn D. Luedke, Advertising Manager In partnership with his brother, William Thomason of Duane Leach. Midwest Advertising Manager Stillwater, Oklahoma, uses a complete land management Richard A. bright, Regional Advertising Manager program to save soil and make money. He says the key Laurie Welch, Advertising Assistant to his program is alfalfa. He uses modern cultural practices and pasture management which pays off at harvest NATIONAL ORGANIZATION time. He also runs a good size cattle herd and rents ad- Jeff Hanlon, Oregon, National President ditional land. Read how he does it, along with the two Lowell Catlett, Texas, National Vice President other "Land Strategy" features. Tom Johnson. Illinois, National Vice President Joe Martinez, California. National Vice President Glenn Weber,Pennsylvania. Yai/ona/I ice President Engine Oil Selection 29 Jerry Batts, Alabama, National Secretary

With the stress and strain of long hours of operation by H. N. Hunsicker, Chairman oj the Board of modern tractors, high performance of quality oils is a Directors, National Advisor necessity. Picking the right oil for your tractor will mean Paul G. Chastain, Member of the Board more trouble-free hours of operation. And, knowing what James E. Dougan, Member oj the Board oil to use can save on repairs, too. This feature discusses Homer E. Edwards, Member oj the Board everything from viscosity to special dopes and includes James C. Fink, Member oj the Board full descriptions of oil additives. M. C. Gaar, Member oj the Board John W. Lacey, Member oj the Board Carlos H. Moore, Member oj the Board Jesse A. Taft, Member oj the Board Ways and Means 38 William Paul Gray, Executive Secretary When FFA chapters plan their program for the year, J. M. Campbell, National Treasurer there's always one question left unanswered — ways and Edward J. Hawkins, Manager oj the Future means. There are lots in of ways — like a rodeo — which Farmers Supply Service chapters can raise the money they need to carry on out- Coleman Harris, FFA Program Specialist standing programs. There are also many more fund Lennie Gamage, Manager oj Center Development raising ideas in the article. They have been put to the and International Programs test and have added "dollars" to chapter treasuries. Robert Seefeldt, Manager of Contests and Auards

ADVERTISING OFFICES An Educator's View 1 Multiple Calves 24 The National FUTURE FARMER Entry Barrier 12 Machinery Safety Training P. 0. Box 15130 26 Alexandria, Virginia 22309 Phone: 703-340-3600

Professional Dairying 14 Hazardous Occupations 32 20 N. Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 60606 Phone: 312-3322616 Save Soil With Water 1 Duck Who Came to Stay 33 Whaley-Simpson Company What's Land Worth 20 FFA, An Opportunity 34 6725 Sunset Boulevard Los Angeles. California 90028 Phone: 213-4*3-7157 Livestock Market Training 21 In FFA Action 36 580 Washington Street San Francisco, California 94111 Phone: 415-781-4583 Our Cover CHANCE OF ADDRESS: Send both old and new addresses FFA members of the Elgin Chapter at Marion, Ohio, show a calf to curious kids at to Circulation Dept.. The \*iioncl FUTURE FARMER, P. O. Box 15130. Alexandria. Va. 21309. the Ohio State Junior Fair. Edward Atkins, on the left, and Tom Chambers, on the ADDRESS ALL CORRESPONDENCE TO: Hie Xmtumtl FUTURE FARMER. P. O. Box 15130. Alexandria. Virginia right, happened to be on hand helping with the FFA farm afternoon nursery. Each 22309. Offices are located at the National FFA Centex on at a special showing, the young animals are brought out so kiddies can pet them. U.S. Route One. eight miles south of Alexandria. The .Yotional FUTURE FARMER is publisr Many local chapters and state associations have found this type activity to be a by the Future Farmers of America at Alexandria. '• 22309. Second class postage paid at Alexandria. Virginia, fine public relations effort. And certainly the children have fun seeing the animals and at additional mailing offices. Copyright 1969 by the up close — many for the first time. Future Farmers of America. Single subscription is 75c per year in L'.S. and pes?- - Photo by Ralph Woodin Foreign subscriptions, SI. 00 per year. Single copies, 20c. August-September, 1969 18-HP TJD available with 12-VOlt, 10-amp flywheel alternator with solid A Word with the Editor state regulation, electric starting and other optional equipment for A NOTHER top honor has come to Joe Boyd Spencer, 1968 special applications. -'-*- Star Farmer of America. He was one of eleven national winners named to the Hall of Fame for America's Young Cap- tains of Achievement by the American Academy of Achieve- ment. Each winner received the Academy's new Golden Eagle Award for the Promise of Greatness at the 1969 "Banquet of the Golden Plate," held in Dallas, Texas, on June 28, 1969. The American Academy of Achievement is a non-profit organization dedicated to the inspiration of youth — to raise their sights high, to excel in their endeavors — through the dramatic annual gathering of, and salute to, men and women of extra- ordinary performance in the great walks of life. Among those honored this year were Dr. Charles H. Towne, inventor of the

laser ; Mickey Mantle, New York Yankee baseball great ; Col.

Frank Borman, USAF and Apollo 8 spacecraft commander ; Lt. Col. William Anders, USAF and Apollo 8 space pioneer; Wil-

liam W. Keeler, Chairman of Board of Phillips Petroleum ; Alan King, humorist; Ann Landers, human relations columnist; and 42 other men and women of exceptional accomplishment in the sciences, professions, industry, arts, and public service. There were also eight FFA State Officers and State Star Here is the Farmers among the 150 honor high school students recognized. smoothest-running They included Neil Brood, Idaho; Dan Dooley, California; Tim Kelly, Florida; Steve Linvill, Indiana; Rick Mabery, Arizona;

in-line twin made Bill Sarpalius, Texas ; Pete Stauffeneker, Minnesota ; and Earl Weaver, Pennsylvania. the18-hpTJD Wright Joins Ad Staff Richard Wright has been named WISCONSIN Regional Advertising Manager of The National FUTURE FARM- Rugged, smooth, dependable ER. Operating from the Midwest — with 90% less horizontal sales office in Chicago, Dick will be responsible for accounts in and 80% less vertical vibration Omaha, Kansas City, St. Louis than conventional two-cylinder and Chicago. engines. Minimal harmonic vi- Wright was born and raised in bration noise to shake the and Watertown, South Dakota and at- efficiency and life out of your tended Northern South Dakota equipment. Outworks and out- State College. In college, he was lasts any other comparable active in sports and a member of Richard Wright engine. And separate crankcase Blue Key (Honorary) Fraternity. and cylinder block assemblies He also served two years in the simplify servicing and repairs of in the U.S. Army. Dick comes to us from Northrup King & Company where he served as District Sales major components — without re- Assistant Manager. moving engine from equipment. Leadership Conferences

Get Bulletin S-379. Write to Early indications point to an overwhelming success for the Dept. F-159 Leadership and Citizenship Conferences for chapter presidents

\ WISCONSIN] held in Washington, D. C. in late June and July. While the evaluation reports filled out by the participants have not been fully summarized at this point, comments from many of those who were here and a scanning of the reports indicate a strong de- sire among these FFA officers to see this type of program continued. In addition to the approximately 100 chapter presidents WISCONSIN who attended each of the three week-long conferences, there were from 15 to 20 local FFA advisors who attended each con- ". ference. As one chapter president described it, . . the most MOTOR educational, informative, and interesting week of my life." Milwaukee. Wisconsin 53246 U.S.A. Div. of Continental Motors Corp. Willow Ca>i*te4. World's Largest Builder of Heavy-Duty Air- Cooled Engines — 1.5 to 70 hp. Editor

The National FUTURE FARMER i^,

v " Afield of ^-i POWER

Six convincing reasons' Vox owning a David Brown Tractor ^ The Convincers

1. David Brown's exclusive engine design places it un- challenged in its horsepower class for fuel economy. 2. Traction Control which provides added traction when needed, through reduced wheel slippage, is standard £ while competitive makes charge extra. Traction Control ^, (TCU) transfers weight from pull type implements to the tractor's rear wheels. 3. Traction Control saves fuel. You J - plow 10 acres for every 8 you would plow without it. 4. David Brown manufactures its own engines, transmission and final drive resulting in maximum efficiency, longer life, and economical operation. 5. David Brown offers lower initial cost, lower operating and mainte- ^

nance cost . . . achieved through advanced production Z<^- ,• and distribution methods. 6. There's a model for every ^»N :i

purpose . . . five diesels and two gasolines with PTO ^«y? horsepower from 32 to 65. Contact the David Brown J>^™ dealer nearest you or write: National Equipment Distrib- ^\

utors Association (NEDA), Dept. FF 869 , P. O. Box If 5025, Richmond, Virginia 23220.

^"' DAVID || BROWN , # 18 David Brown Parts Depots Serve'You Throughout The United States. -- "-- — -- - — «-»— <-—ixnent Dittrtort--' The Convincers mefp^jore tractor value for you. A

-: A

.wfc' ten years my advisor, Mr. J. C. Brown, was at Waynesville. For as long as I live, I will cherish the events and chal- lenges leading up to this coveted award. Carmel Hollingsworth

Monrow, Wisconsin I'm sure the staff has put in lots of time and work to make the first National Leadership and Citizenship Conference for local chapter presidents a big success. Your talks and the added information about the magazine and the National FFA Center was well appreciated. The conference was most enjoyable for me. Keith Haldiman WimmLs. Switzerland zenship Conference for Chapter Presidents. arrived here on Wednesday, June 18, On behalf of the Plymouth FFA Chap- I Springville, Utah at about four in the afternoon. It has ter in Indiana, I would like to say thanks Although it has been over 20 years since rained a lot. for the fine job vou all are doing with the I was in the FFA, I still like to keep The family I am staying with is very The National FUTURE FARMER. abreast. I enjoy reading my son's copy of I on a dairy farm of 35 acres. I always look forward to receiving the nice. am the FFA magazine. This is one of the largest farms around magazine. Since this magazine is a source of in- here. There are eight cows and we milk A I Neidlinger formation, why put out erroneous infor- them by hand. mation in "Sportrait" (June-July 1969, not have a car, and if you Amite, Louisiana They do page 26)7 Denny McLain was not the want to go anywhere you either walk or I am president of the Amite Chapter. first pitcher in Major league history to bicycle. Please send information on the FFA Cal- ride a simultaneously win the most Valuable at the edge of the Alps, and the endar program. I am Player and Cy Young awards. (Try Don country is very beautiful. James Walker Newcombe in 1956 or Koufax in 1963.) Chess Fryer Maybe he meant the third pitcher in major FFA Work Exchange Student A free calendar kit is available upon league history, or the first pitcher in Pennsylvania request to all local chapters. It includes American League history. facts on how to participate, sample cal- Ron Warner Arcadia, Florida endars and order forms.—Ed. Bass" and The articles "Summertime You are so right in that Denny was the Resistant Livestock" Chicago, Illinois "Breeding Disease third major league pitcher to win the Just noted the hybrid wheat article on were especially interesting to me. Most Valuable Player and Cy Young is vo-ag and it pages 20 and 21 of your April-May This my first year of awards simultaneously. We caught the I plan to take it again issue. We, as well as DeKalb, appreciate was enjoyable. error, but after the magazine had been the mention of DeKalb and would appre- next year. printed.—Ed. Clyde Pool ciate a few tearsheets of this story for our publicity file. Redwood Falls, Minnesota Wendell Unfer Sylvania, Alabama The Redwood Falls FFA Chapter is We wish to thank you for the conducted Aeyer-Oswald, Inc. Advertising sponsoring a "Weed for Courage" anti- tour of the magazine facilities at the Na- smoking campaign. The members may tional FFA Center. Floyd, Virginia give the price of a package of cigarettes Gilbert and Lavada Butler I read in The National FUTURE to the crippled and handicapped children magazine about beeswax. I Vocational Agriculture Instructor FARMER am at Camp Courage. a bee raiser and want to buy beeswax from When a member contributes his money, Hulett, Wyoming you. Please send me information at once. he receives a cocklebur to wear on his How do I go about keeping my sub- Mont Thompson jacket or to put in his pocket. This is to scription to the Future Farmer magazine? carry out the objectives of the campaign: I 20 years old and I in last do not have beeswax for sale here am am my We (1) To remind the members of the pain of year in the FFA. I am also the oldest at the magazine. You are referring to the cancer caused by cigarette smoking, and member in the Devil's Tower Chapter. article in our April-May issue about Jo (2) to understand the economic loss. Dennis Perkinson Wilson of Ford Valley, Georgia.—Ed. Steve Zimmer

You may continue your subscription after Douglas, Arizona Sallis, Mississippi your FFA membership by sending for a Please send us ten copies of the June- I am writing to request some informa- single subscription directly. It is 15c per July issue of the Future Farmer magazine. tion on carpentry. I want to be a carpen- year or three years for $2.00.—Ed. We want to send copies to our families. ter and need all the help I can get. By the way, these members on the cover Robert Smith Oklahoma City, Oklahoma aren't fooling around. They help each Recently I had the opportunity to read other and neighbors when needed. Bill We do not have any printed Information one of your magazines while visiting in the helped brand one night til 2 a.m. when on carpentry which we could send you. hospital. I was impressed with it. In fact, so the cattle were crossing the Mexican bor- You might ask your vocational agriculture much that I'd like to subscribe to it. So. der (only seven blocks from his home). instructor.—Ed. would you please send me the magazine and He was up at 7 a.m. for school. All for let me know the price. Also I'd like to SI. 00 per hour. Newman, California order one of the calendars for 1970. But, he would have been there for free! The Newman FFA Chapter has dedi- I appreciate your excellent magazine. Mrs. George Martin cated the Charles Arosteguy Orchard in I'm sorry that my son will not have the memory of a former agricultural teacher opportunity of growing up on the farm Bill Martin appeared in the cover pic- at Orestimba High School. Through Mr. as I did. ture on the June-July issue.—Ed. Arosteguy's efforts, the chapter has a two- Rev. Harry Boydstun acre orchard behind the agricultural build- Sunnyside Baptist Church Waynesville, N. C. ing. The orchard is used for educational As a former recipient of the American purposes for the members. Plymouth, Indiana Farmer Degree. I would like you to begin Mr. Arosteguy was killed in a car acci- I appreciate the fact that you gave a new subscription for me. dent and the chapter has named the or- some of your time to participate in the I had the honor of receiving the degree chard in his memory. first National FFA Leadership and Citi- in 1944. I was one of eight during the Terry Roberts

6 The National FUTURE FARMER milliseconds in the life ofa'Tower Piston wad

in a Remington Express plastic shell) looks like from Power Piston compresses and absorbs the initial impac the time it leaves the factory until you pull the trigger. of the explosion, so the shot won't be crunched together.

* Bui rei BWUJ wlJ«y At the muzzle. Though the shot column is moving at u ington "Power Piston" opens up to seal the barrel and speed, the sides of the Remington "Power Piston"' have keep the expanding gas from leaking past and losing power. kept it from touching the barrel and flattening the pellets.

For some time we've been telling you that Remington and Peters shells with "Power Piston" wads shoot harder, keep your barrel clean longer and put up to 10^ more shot in the pattern. But let's face it—you were taking our word for something you couldn't see. And while you may have noticed an improvement in your shooting, it was just as easy to give the credit to your new shotgun or just plain luck. That's why this little demonstration. We feel that if we can show you what a "Power Piston" does you'll have more confidence in our shells. Also we can clear up a common misunderstanding. The "Power Piston" does

not make the pattern smaller. It j ust puts more pellets into it by eliminating "flyers"—flattened shot that goes wild. No matter what gauge you shoot—12, 16, 20 or 28. And that's a fact. s J^mingtoij mm> Pet£XS

Try Remington/Peters shells with "Power Piston" wads— high or low base. See how good a shot you really are. A few feet past the muzzle. The "Power Piston" now peels back and drops away, but the shot column is on its way at full power, with no flattened pellets to spoil the pattern. "Remington," "Peters," "Power Piston' ' and "Shur Shot" are Reg. C. S. Pat. Off. and "Express" is a trademark of Remington Arms Company. Inc. Bridgeport, Conn. 06602. In Canada: Remington Arms of Canada Limited. * ^ Looking Ahead

Livestock

CO., LURES PESTS—Deer flies, horse flies, and related ranged from one-man to large businesses with interests other livestock pests are attracted by carbon dioxide. In tests con- than farming. However, 68 percent were farm families that ducted by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) entomologist have reached a size where incorporation is desireable. In the R. L. Roberts in Mississippi, over 1,200 flies were caught survey nearly two-fifths of the corporations had sales less in a trap baited with carbon dioxide while only 800 were than S40.000, a third had sales of $100,000 or more, and caught in an unbaited trap. Other tests across the country less than 1,000 sold over $500,000. show similar results and indicate the potential value for this SHIPMENT RULES—The U.S. Department of Agricul- gas in traps for control around livestock buildings. ture's rules affecting the shipment of swine vaccines and "COWBELL FEEDING"—At the University of Illinois a hogs became effective on July 1, 1969. All slaughter hogs new "cowbell." an electronic transponder worn around the vaccinated after January 1. 1970, must be shipped as "ex- cow's neck, is interrogated by a transmitter-receiver in the posed swine", and all hogs which contact them will also be feed stall and automatically feeds the cow. The "cowbell" considered "exposed" and will be subjected to interstate re- can be programmed with a screwdriver to a specific amount strictions. Rules also prohibit interstate shipment of modified of feed based on milk production and feeding intervals. The live cholera virus and shipments of killed virus vaccines transponder utilizes an electro-magnetic field from the inter- into all but seven states. Shipments of vaccines and cholera rogator, thus, no energy sources are carried by the cow. serums to other countries are not affected. Each cow can enter any stall and receive her programmed amount of feed, regardless of frequency. Land

X-RAY JUDGING—A new "space age" judging tech- SOIL ORIGIN—Many soils from different parts of the nique, an X-ray procedure, will be used at the 1969 New world contain deposits of "aerosolic dust." particles finer York State Fair in the sheep, swine, and goat divisions. The than wind-deposited soil, that has been carried in the upper X-ray will reveal the size of loin eye of each on-the-hoof atmosphere from desert areas and washed down in the rain for animal the first time in the quality meats contest. This over the ages. A test developed by M. L. Jackson and J. K. process will help judges to determine the meatiness of each Syers, soil scientists at the University of Wisconsin, identifies animal and could be a big boost to showing decisions. "aerosolic dust" by mass spectrometric analysis of the oxy- gen in the dust. These tests show that trade winds carried SCREWYVORM THREAT—Veterinarians with the USDA dust from the Sahara Desert of Africa to the North Ameri- suspect another outbreak of screwworms in the fall, especially can continent. Also, Asian soils are believed to have been from September through November. The outbreak, however, carried by westerly winds to the Hawaiian Islands. should not reach the massiveness of the 1968 infestations of nearly 10.000 cases. Farmers are encouraged to treat GRADED FURROWS—With proper land smoothing, every wound carefully as cool and moist weather again graded furrow systems can eliminate the need for some ter- favors the reproduction of this livestock pest. races and give farmers a more unobstructed field for multiple-row machinery. ARS in Texas constructed furrows, 40 Crops inches apart, with a lister and built diversion channels at the top, bottom, and on the borders of the fields. These fur- SEED SEPARATION—Iron powder, water, and surface rows—mini terraces—have successfully controlled erosion characteristics of seeds permit the separation of crop and on slopes up to three percent. Slopes of ten percent are being seeds weed magnetically, says N. R. Brandenburg. Oregon studied in Mississippi ARS stations. agricultural engineer. Since many crop seeds are waxy and smooth and weed seeds have rough or sticky surfaces, the Buildings iron substance sticks to the weed seeds. The seed is passed over a magnetic drum, thereby removing the weed seeds, dirt CIRCULAR BARNS—Promising results of accomodating clods, and other trash. Magnetic separations can be used on any number of cows are being obtained by combining three alfalfa, clover, trefoil, and lespedeza. systems—liquid manure handling with slotted floors, self- feeding of silage, and free-choice stalls—within circular Management dairy barns. Barns are designed for a low space requirement per cow, low labor demand, and standard and modular con- INCORPORATED FARMS—In 47 states surveyed by struction. According to agricultural engineers at Rutgers the USDA—California. Hawaii, and Alaska excluded—some University, animals determine their own living pattern in

1 1,500 corporations were identified as farm business or pro- these circular structures. The locating of the units is also ducers of farm commodities. According to W. L. Gibson, flexible as they need only be located in reference to holding agricultural economist at Virginia Tech. the corporations and milking parlor areas.

8 The National FUTURE FARMER Someday roads will tell cars where to go.

And you'll be able to drive cross-country without a road map and never get lost. Just leave the guiding to ERGS: The Electronic Route Guidance System developed cooperatively by General Motors Research Laboratories and the Corporation's Delco Radio Division. MARK OF ESCELLEHCE Here's how it'll work. Let's say you're living in Chicago and want to drive to Los Angeles. Just dial the destination code tor Los Angeles on a special radio receiver panel in your car and start heading west. As you approach an intersection, an antenna buried in the pavement signals your destination to roadside computer equipment. Quicker than a blink, the computer processes your destination information, signals back to your radio receiver and the proper directions light up on your receiver panel.

Since ERGS will be geared to your final destination, it won't be thrown off by side trips and stops along the way.

Traffic guidance is just one of the many areas where General Motors scientists are working to make your driving simpler and more enjoyable in days to come. General Motors

August-September, 1969 ™&a@iMa

mmmmmmm g

Low cost and pretty Insecticide for cotton. good performance aren't Azodrin controls every enough anymore. Not for the major insect threat to the farmers who compete under crop -including pink bollworm today's conditions -the kind and mites. Stands up to resist- of men who recognize cost-per- ance. "Insures" against damage acre as a profit input -not just by migrating insects. And money spent. outwits weather and sucking Sure, they want a insects or mites through product that eliminates known ConStemic control that works threats to the crop at a cost from inside, as well as outside that's reasonable. the cotton plant. But, to them,"better Azodrin, like every one buy" means far more. Like a of the fast- growing line of single pesticide that also works products from Shell Chemical broad range. That meets Company's Agricultural Chemi- changed conditions (like insect cals Division, was researched by resistance). Offsets adverse farm scientists who are just as weather. And helps "insure" concerned with "better against unforeseen loss. That's [she Li] buy" as our sales people why Shell developed Azodrin® and our customers.

10 The National FUTURE FARMER An Educator's View of FFA

Editor's Note: Dr. Leon P. Minear is the Director of the Division of Vocational and Technical Education in the U.S. Office of Education in Washington, D.C. In this position he has an important leadership role in helping youth organizations maintain an effective relation- Dr. Leon P. Minear, Director of the Division ship with the U.S. Office of Education. He gives some of of Vocational and Technical Education, deliv- his personal views of FFA and discusses these issues in ers his address at the 1968 FFA Convention. this interview with the editor.

QDR. MINEAR, you par- will find in the FFA ways and means to properly assess individual and group of learning which the teacher could not actions. # ticipated in the National FFA Convention last year very well, in any other way, make a part I would say the FFA is filling the and had an opportunity to view of the learning experience. The FFA needs of youth today more effectively the organisation from the national incentive awards and contests program than it did in 1928, when the organiza- level. Have you ever had the op- provides an excellent "facility" for the tion was founded. One of the greatest portunity of working with the FFA students to learn—to do—to earn and needs today is a counterpart to the FFA at the local level? to be recognized for the development in the urban areas to provide group of proper attitudes and leadership abili- activities to the thousands of youth with ties needed in today's competitive so- great need for personal development. ciety. I understand the FFA is growing in A. Yes, it was my pleasure to work urban and metropolitan areas and that with the FFA on several occasions while three of the largest chapters are located serving as a school administrator. I am in Boston, Philadelphia, and New York. quite proud of the fact that I was I was informed that the 1969 State Star awarded the Honorary Chapter Farmer The FFA was organized to fill Farmer award in Ohio went to a stu- degree as a high school principal, and Q. specific needs of youth through dent enrolled in horticulture training in that I later received, as Oregon Super- well planned activities. Do these Cleveland. intendent of Public Instruction, the needs still exist today? Are they Incidentally, the adult leaders of the Honorary State Farmer degree. In fact, being met by the FFA? vocational education youth organiza- I once used the FFA creed as a foun- tions meet monthly with me; and a plan dation for an entire school activities has been developed to help students in program with excellent results. A. Many young people today have too urban areas, jointly and individually, much leisure time. They don't always through organized group activities re-

know what to do with it. However, FFA lated to the instructional program. members meet people, learn to conduct themselves well, and develop abilities to is being said Q. Much today about participate in meetings. Members be- vocational and technical education come involved in community service "bridging the gap between man projects. Their time is used, not wasted. Q. As Director of Vocational and and his work." Do you that feel One of the reasons the FFA program is Technical Education, hoic do you the FFA accomplishes this? so outstanding is that it takes a direct propose giving leadership to the and positive approach to the student and vocational youth groups for con- gets him involved in activities that bene- tinued strengthening of the organ- A. The FFA provides a unique rela- fit him. izations on all levels of operation? tionship—a combination of education The FFA sets standards for itself. It and life. It allows the student to get provides youth with opportunities for away from a sterile academic program. personal development through experi- A. Of course. I will continue to assist It helps the student to identify with the ences which should benefit the FFA, vocational youth groups whenever I can. world of work, and contributes to more the school, the community, and the stu- It is my responsibility to assist adult effective teaching in the various occu- dent. In working toward completing leaders as they work with national of- pational areas in agriculture. Students these tasks, his advisor will counsel him (Continued on Next Page)

August-September, 1969 11 An Educator's tive operations from the U.S. of- Breaking the entr> fices. What do you recommend to prevent the same thing from hap- of pening in state departments of vo- View FFA cational and technical education where these persons have major responsibility for administering and coordinating the activities of the FFA in connection with other duties in supervision? ficers and state staff to coordinate activities of the organizations and keep them related to, and associated with, A. The new regulations for administer- vocational and technical training. I see ing the Vocational Education Amend- my role as one of helping these or- ments of 1968, include a section ganizations evolve, relate to curriculum, on and maintain an atmosphere of inde- vocational youth organizations. This statement says, program of in- pendence from political domination. "The struction include activities of vo- The federal role must be one of as- may cational education youth organizations, sistance, but one that does not dominate which are an integral part of the voca- or control the organization. It must give tional instruction offered, which leadership to the states and local chap- and are supervised by persons who are qual- ters so that they can do a more ef- ified as vocational education teachers fective job from the standpoint of the or supervisors in the state." instructional program. These FFA chap- would encourage each state, as it ters are unique in that they are grass We develops state plans, to include the roots. Leadership and guidance has to youth organizations in their plan, come from that level as well as from the and to recognize ways in which the youth state and national levels. organizations can help in implementing the amendments. By the way, the work of the National FFA Advisor and Na- Management- tional Executive Secretary—as it ap- Q. The recent policy regarding the plies to the Office of Education's role in relation to the organization has relationship of youth organiza- — not been transferred from the Federal tions to the U.S. Office of Educa- office, either physically or administra- An Inroad tion has caused great concern among persons engaged in voca- tively. tional education. In light of this Because of the changes policy, what do you think is the in capital input, farm size, obligation of the U.S. Office of Education to the FFA especially technology, and other aspects since there are questions regard- Q. As you know there is a fear on of farming, opportunities ing the policy and the FFA Charter the part of many people that this to get started as farm new policy will be misinterpreted (P.L. 740)? managers will increase. as severing the relationship between the U.S. Office of Education A. The policy outlines certain physical and youth organizations like the adjustments regarding office space, sup- FFA, and that this same thing will plies, and services. This new policy be carried out in many of the more large farming units, does not mean that we no longer recog- states. Does this new policy, in fact, WITH nize student organizations in vocational sever this relationship between the the opportunity to enter farm- education as an important part of the U.S. Office of Education and the ing through the process of in- instructional programs. It definitely FFA? come participation, manager-operator does not affect the relationship that or some similar route, will increase in state agencies for vocational education the years ahead. This will come about larger units have with such student organizations. A. By law, the FFA is an integral part as those who control the Those of us in the Division of Voca- of the agricultural education program. reach the income level or the age tional and Technical Education of the The National Advisor of FFA and the where they want to slow down or U.S. Office of Education recognize the Executive Secretary remain a part of retire. value of strong cooperative relationships the U.S. Office of Education as pro- But by 1980. these new farm man- with these organizations, especially as vided by law. This cannot be changed agers will need to apply the same busi-

their activities relate to the instructional unless the law is changed, and there is ness principles used in other quarter- program. This office must continue no plan to request such a change. to half-million dollar businesses. In the working to find ways to cooperate and It is my plan to keep in touch with past two decades the rapid adoption of add positively to programs of vocational all vocational education youth organi- new technology almost always guaran- youth activities. zations through monthly meetings of teed success in farming. In the future, the national adult leaders. This affords however, new technology will be crucial a monthly exchange of ideas between but will not insure success to the ex-

the group leaders which should enable tent it has in the past. these groups to assist in implementing Agriculture Economist R. N. Weigle Q. The policy specifically request- the Vocational Education Amendments of the University of Wisconsin predicts ed the removal of FFA administra- of 1968. that farm operators must become 12 The National FUTURE FARMER arrier Agricultural and business skills that you learn today can provide you with an opportunity as a manager-operator.

ara^ *

#!<** >?SB

•

Photp by Chuck Cromer

skilled in management strategies to ef- rapidly in a relatively short time to im- new management era. fectively compete in the future. "The proved management techniques as do These changes, as M. H. Sutherland, technological revolution will be re- farm businesses. Therefore, adopting extension specialist at Clemson Uni- placed by a management revolution," new technology at an even greater pace, versity points out. have resulted in the Weigle says. "Agricultural innovations plus heavy dependence upon modern establishment of new guideposts that are already a part of farmers' expecta- farm business management techniques help farmers get right at the heart of tions. The time lag between introduc- for financial analysis and future plan- managing. Such guideposts as high tion and adoption of new technology ning, will characterize the successful profit production enterprizes and effi- will be so short that profits from early farm business manager in 1980. ciency practices have assisted farmers adoption will be reduced," he pointed A number of changes in agriculture in using land, labor, machinery, and out. "Techniques of resource acquisi- has set the stage for the management other capital to produce in line with the tion, financial control, personnel man- revolution. Capital has replaced a great market demands. agement, and purchasing and marketing proportion of labor. Size of farm busi- The farmer of 1980 must find new

will occupy a dominant role," he adds. ness is increasing and will continue ways of acquiring capital and increas- Returns from good management will to rise. Changes in agricultural tech- ing the size of business. Family ac- be high enough to provide real satis- nology, data handling, human abilities, cumulation will remain an important faction. According to Extension Econo- communication, transportation, and the method of building up capital. How- mist H. B. Howell of the Iowa State size and nature of farm-related indus- ever, the most rapid method of gening University few businesses respond as tries have also helped usher in this (Continued on Next Page)

August-September, 1969 13 Professional Dairying

This dairyman faces the business of operating a modern dairy farm with vision and reality. He sees a bright future in the years ahead and believes the answer to success in crop and milk production lies in efficiency.

Bv Wendell R. Cochran

ALMOST all of his life James Davis of Masontown, Building a herd requires good replace- West Virginia, wanted to farm, particularly dairy ments and Jim handles them with care. farming. Today, he farms 180 acres with his father and moves in and out of his high quality dairy herd like a phosphate at a rate of 300 pounds per acre. In addition, the professional. He can quote records, and crop yield figures as partners lime the pasture every two years and use only easily as a third grader does his multiplication tables. certified seeds. Jim first became interested in livestock when he was five All of this has paid off in efficiency for the Davises. The or six years old. A couple of years later he received his first pasture improvement program has made it possible to pasture cow as a gift from his parents. By the time he entered vo- a cow on less than an acre. Their hay tested better than 16 cational agriculture Jim had acquired six head of Holsteins. percent crude protein and the corn silage produced as high Three years later Jim and his father, Mr. Preston Davis, as 68.6 percent total digestible nutrients. Thus enabling the formed a partnership. Mr. Davis kept two-thirds interest Davises to cut concentrate costs. in the operation and managerial control of the farm. How- To a dairyman like Jim, the true measure of success is ever, both members of the partnership discuss new ideas milk production. When Jim started FFA the herd produced before using them in the operation. Jim also provides a large an average of approximately 11,000 pounds of milk. Since portion of the labor. An older brother, William, just back that time the Davises have increased the herd average to from a tour of duty with the Air Force in Viet Nam, also well over 12,000 pounds of milk per cow, based on a 305-day might join the partnership. year. One top producer in the herd gave 19,500 pounds of While in the Mason Valley FFA, Jim held several chapter milk and made over 700 pounds of butterfat. offices, including president. He was also active in school Jim and his father are able to raise most of their herd re- and community activities. The young farmer received the placements. Generally, they through their American Farmer degree and won the Star Crop Farmer keep the heifers first calving ship the bull calves at less than a week old. award for West Virginia, the State Star Dairy Farmer award, and handle the milking efficiently the Davises installed and the Star Dairy Farmer for the North Atlantic Region. To more a four-unit pipeline milker and bulk tank. His FFA advisor was Mr. Richard Glass. a With smiles, Jim recalls his first recollection of the farm. To insure that new ideas are always being brought into "I remember in the summertime when I helped with hay the operation, Jim and his father keep abreast by attending baling. I always drove the tractor, but I wanted to get back programs offered by the high school vocational agriculture on the wagon and stack the bales. Now, that's job, and department. They participate in the Masontown young and my I wish I could drive the tractor." In short, followed in adult farmer programs, and also attend other agricultural Jim his father's footsteps to becoming a events. top farmer. The Davis family owns 140 acres of fertile, semi-rolling Notice the farm buildings in the background as Jim looks land and rents another 40 acres. Their dairy herd consists of some 80 grade Holstein cows, with a total of 47 presently over his cow herd. They offer a real chance for expansion. being milked. Facing reality that increased size is often necessary to succeed in today's agriculture, Jim has his eye on the time when they can milk 100 cows. "We have feed here for 100 cows," says Jim, "and my father and I both believe there's a future in dairy farming." Both Jim and his father emphasize that the ability to raise home-grown feeds has been a large factor in their success. "We raise all the feed except for concentrates," says Mr. Davis. He added. "We also purchase other materials like fertilizer and seeds in season to get a better buy. For instance," he remarked, "we buy fertilizers in December to take advantage of seasonal discounts." To get high quality feeds, the Davises put a lot of em- phasis on soil improvement. Soils are tested every year and forage tests are conducted annually. Jim and his father also follow a policy of extra-high fertilization on their crops. They use 1.200 pounds per acre on their corn and fertilize the pasture land yearly with super-

14 National FFA Convention Call to 42

porters of the FFA, and plotting the representatives equal to six members or course of our organization for the com- 10 percent of its total membership. This ing year. With the participation of each figure does not include award winners and every member in attendance, we or special convention participants. The are looking forward to an enjoyable and representatives should be carefully se- rewarding convention." lected, registered, and oriented using The Convention will begin with the the booklet "You and Your National Vespers Service on Tuesday evening, Convention" as a guide. A supply of October 14, and will conclude with the this booklet is provided each state which program on Friday evening, October 17. makes them available for those chapters Official delegates representing state as- sending representatives to the National National FFA President Jeff Hanlon sociations are expected to be present in Convention. Kansas City at 9:00 a.m. on Tuesday Do not come to the National Con- for the delegate orientation and the vention unless you are properly reg- officer-delegate luncheon. All state as- istered before you leave home. Your sociations in good standing with the advisor should receive a supply of of- PRESIDENT Jeff Hanlon has issued national organization are to be repre- ficial registration cards for your chap- his official call for the 42nd Na- sented by two official delegates, plus ter in advance from your state FFA tional FFA Convention to be conducted one additional delegate for each 10,000 office. Registration will be by chapters October 14-17 at the Municipal Audi- members or major fraction thereof at the convention and your card must torium in Kansas City, Missouri. above the first 10,000, and two alter- be signed by your vocational agriculture In issuing his call. President Hanlon nate delegates. All American Farmer teacher, your principal or superintend- said, "A stimulating program featuring degree candidates, award recipients, ent, and yourself. The only exceptions inspirational speakers and FFA leaders candidates for national office, and chap- will be for official delegates, band and of past and present has been planned. ter representatives should be present for chorus members, American Farmers, In addition, we will be calling attention the first session Tuesday evening. student teachers, collegiate FFA mem- to FFA achievements, recognizing sup- Each chapter is encouraged to send bers, state staff, parents, and guests.

sketch from the architect. This was pre- Center Development sented, discussed fully with the architect, and will be shown at the National FFA Convention. The committee ap- Continues proved the revised architectural plan for use as a basis to conduct an economic study, realizing that there are many additional changes needed to meet the SECOND meeting of the entire The major purpose of this meeting FFA's functional requirements. A Center Development Committee was to observe other Centers and to Unanimously, the Committee mem- was held May 22-24 in West Virginia, study their methods of financing and bers requested the Board of Directors, Washington, D.C., and at the National operation. Centers visited included West at their July meeting, to appropriate FFA Center in Alexandria, Virginia. Virginia 4-H and FFA Camps, and the sufficient funds to conduct an eco- (See "Center Development: A Progress National 4-H Center in Washington. In nomic study. Proposals are now being Report" in the April-May issue.) Com- addition, helpful reports were received solicited from independent economic mittee members are Jeff Hanlon, na- from Farmland Industries, Kansas City; consultant firms. Hopefully, this report tional FFA president; Joe Martinez, na- the Kentucky FFA Camp; and the Don- will be available to the Committee in tional FFA vice president; Dr. A. H. aldson Brown Center in Blacksburg, time for presentation at the National Krebs, head of the Department of Agri- Virginia. Convention. cultural Education, Virginia Polytechnic Much useful information was gath- Additional questions being studied by Institute; Mr. James D. Maddox, FFA ered which will help in making decisions the Committee include zoning require- executive secretary, Kentucky Leader- on the proposed FFA Conference Cen- ments, financing, proposed programs to ship Training Center; Mr. William G. ter. It was found that in nearly all be conducted for FFA members, and Smith, president. National Vocational cases future construction at Centers will other legal problems in establishing and Agricultural Teachers Association; Mr. be based upon two persons per room operating a conference center. The J. A. Marshall, Vocational Agricultural with private bath. Noted also was the Committee intends to study fully all Education, Texas Education Agency; fact that conference groups often re- aspects of this project before making Mr. James W. Warren, program officer, quire many small rooms that can ac- recommendations to the Board of Di- U.S. Office of Education, Charlottes- commodate 15-25 persons. Cafeteria rectors. They encourage your sugges- ville, Virginia; Mr. Carlos H. Moore, food service offering various choices tions and comments which may be sent state supervisor. Agricultural Educa- of food was preferred over family-style. to the Center Development Committee. tion, Arizona; and H. N. Hunsicker, The Center Development Committee c/o National FFA Center. Alexandria. W. P. Gray, L. H. Gamage, ex officio. requested at the first meeting a revised Virginia 22309.

August-September, 1969 15 FFA Foundation Meets

Mr. Donald Danforth, chair- Mr. Sam White, vice-chairman, Sponsoring Committee. man, Sponsoring Committee.

THE annual meeting of the FFA H. N. Hunsicker, national FFA advisor Organized in 1 944, the FFA Founda- Foundation was held in Washing- and Mr. Donald N. McDowell, execu- tion provides the opportunity for busi- ton, D.C. on July 30. 1969. This tive director of the Foundation. ness, industry, organizations, and indi- was the annual joint meeting of the The program included a showing of viduals to join in support of the in- National Board of Trustees of the Foun- the movie, "FFA—Focus on Forty," centive awards program for deserving dation and the National FFA Officers which was made at FFA's 40th Anni- FFA members. with the Foundation Sponsoring Com- versary National Convention held last The 1969 chairman of the Foundation mittee. fall. After the movie, National FFA Sponsoring Committee is Mr. Donald The Sponsoring Committee is com- President, Jeff Hanlon interviewed three Danforth, Jr., executive vice president posed of representatives of the various of the "stars" of the movie: Joe Boyd of Ralston Purina Company. companies and individuals who support Spencer. 1968 Star Farmer of Amer- More than 100,000 FFA members the Foundation through their cash con- ica; Donald Pilkinton, national public are recognized each year through this tributions. The money they provide speaking winner; and Jerry Batts, na- program. Foundation medals go to the makes possible the incentive awards tional FFA secretary. Star Greenhand and Star Chapter Farm- program for FFA members. The group also heard a report on the er, cash awards are given to each Star The meeting began at 9:30 a.m. at Foundation's activities and plans for State Farmer, and all American Farm- the Mayflower Hotel, with Mr. Sam the future. About 150 people attended ers receive a Foundation check at the White, first vice-chairman of the Spon- the annual meeting. Prior to this com- National Convention. From the Amer- soring Committee and executive vice bined meeting, the Foundation Board of ican Farmers, four regional Star Amer- president of White Motor Corporation, Trustees met for two days on Founda- ican Farmers are selected with one presiding. Other speakers included Mr. tion business and the awards program. being named Star Farmer of America. For the first time this year, a Star Agri-Businessman will also be selected from the American Farmer candidates ity of products consumers demand. To Management- and this award will be presented at the reduce price risk, they will use the National futures markets and undertake forward FFA Convention. An Inroad selling and contracting to a greater ex- Special recognition is provided by tent. Hence, more farm operators will the Foundation in 13 different cate- sell their crops before they are har- gories through the Agricultural Profi- vested and their hogs and cattle before ciency Awards. These awards cover control over capital has been to com- they are fed out. agribusiness, agricultural mechanics, bine ownership and renting land. Many Likewise, the large volume of bor- crop farming, dairy farming, farm and farmers now own a headquarters unit rowed capital will demand the use of home electrification, forestry, home im- and also rent adjacent parcels of land various management tools to achieve provement, livestock farming, natural as they become available. tight financial control. These tools in- resources development, ornamental hor- Leasing many capital inputs such as clude business projections, financial ticulture, placement in agricultural pro- machinery, buildings, and breeding statements, profit-and-loss statements, duction, poultry farming, and soil and stock will also become more prevalent. cash flow budgets, and other manage- water management. Local winners re- There will be increased use of operat- ment analysis records. ceive medals with cash awards going to ing capital from many sources. Existing Because of the relatively complex those at the state, regional, and national credit sources will likely provide capi- nature of procedures involved, farmers levels of competition. tal more on the basis of farm income may want to hire professional help. In In addition, the Foundation sponsors generating capacity than on equity or addition, new managers will be -at- the public speaking contest; national assets alone. Farm supply agencies, tracted into agriculture, providing they judging contests in dairy cattle, dairy meanwhile, will increase credit to gain can gain control of the capital resources products, livestock, meats and poultry; and keep customers. For example, the necessary to start an efficient farming and two awards for chapters. This in- feed dealers will provide advice in th? unit. As a young man seeking to break cludes the chapter awards program form of a product-service package. This the entry barrier into farming you may which provides standard and superior will help the farmer in the management be one of these new farm managers. ratings within the states and gold, silver, of his operation and allow him to take And. as a farm manager in 1980, and bronze emblem awards nationally, advantage of volume discounts. you'll find that the business skills you and the chapter safety award to recog- Farm managers of the future must learn now will bring more success than nize the best FFA chapters in com- plan to provide the quantity and qual- those used by farm managers today. munity and farm safety.

16 The National FUTURE FARMER LAND HANDLER Land Strategy

This young farmer uses alfalfa and pasture management to save soil and water.

By Ron Miller

I WILLIAM Thomason of Stillwater, Oklahoma, Chap- ter believes that a complete conservation program not only raises the value of land and increases production, but it also improves farming efficiency. While Bill and his brother Charles, also a State Farmer, were convert- ing Class VI and VII land into Class I land, they upped their wheat, hay, and pasture production by as much as 20 percent per acre each year. In 1960 Bill and Charles pooled their savings for a down- payment on a 160-acre farm and secured a loan for the balance. About half of the land was good bottom cropland and the rest was native pasture. However, two high points were severely damaged by erosion and they caused runoff to lower land. Operating the farm as full partners, Bill and Charles set Bill and Mr. Warren Burns, conservation technician up a crop rotation plan and planned a conservation program. study the farm's soil map and plan the land program. They sowed one-third of the cropland to alfalfa on a 5-year rotation and some to wheat using a rotation of 10 years. The rest of the cropland which was to serve as layout ground for $2,000 worth of colts raised from his Shetland mare. the following year was planted to Austrian winter peas. Bill plows his land from 8 to 10 inches deep in June right Annually they paid dozer operators for moving dirt, fill- after harvesting the wheat to aid straw decay. To conserve ing ditches, leveling, terracing, waterway shaping, and clear- moisture and kill weeds he later follows with a cultivator ing fence rows Finally, about two years ago, the brothers or disc. In late August he uses a springtooth to settle the completed the land improvement plan and now keep the ground and plants the wheat in the first half of October. erosion problem under control by correct plowing and Bill and Charles fertilize the wheat with 60 pounds of working of contours and terraces. They maintain over 6,000 18-48-0 per acre in the fall and put on 30 pounds of nitro- feet of terraces on this farm. gen per acre in the spring. They apply gypsum and 300 For their Hereford cattle herd the young farmers filled pounds of super-phosphate per acre to the alfalfa ground the old stock pond, built a new farm pond, new fences, and and spread 10-20-10 and ammonium nitrate—both at a rate a 50 feet x 50 feet cattle corral—complete with working of 100 pounds per acre—on the Bermuda grass waterways. equipment Bill's herd consists of 38 head of breeding stock The young farmers get three to four cuttings of alfalfa —some of which he sells to ranchers and youth—and steers each year, and most of the time, sell surplus hay that is not which he sells at auctions and fairs. Because of a shortage fed to cattle. They hire the cutting, baling, and hauling for of pasture, he also leases about 16 bred heifers to a local half of the hay crop. rancher for half the profits. In addition, Bill has sold over Bill combines his wheat according to requirements for moisture content. At that time he decides whether to store or sell, depending on the market. Bill says. "Our yields of- Following the plowing of this wheat land, Bill will disc ficially averaged 30 bushels per acre, which is consistently well above our county average of 26 bushels per acre. Last or cultivate and springtooth the soil before plantinq time. year's crop even averaged 42 bushels per acre, as compared to the county average of 29 bushels." His wheat samples also place well in state competition. One sample won the Oklahoma State Wheat Contest and took the championship at the Tulsa State Fair. To complete their land management plan. Bill and Charles use range management and controlled grazing. They run cattle at a rate of 10 acres per head on native grass, older alfalfa, sweet clover, and wheat. For supplemental feed and conditioning they pasture cows on hybrid sudan on a two cow per acre basis. Their pasture program also includes annual spraying of the native grasses to control brush and weeds. In addition, they follow a practice of grazing one-half and leaving one- half on the native pasture. In the last few years the partners have cleared brush and trees from about 10 acres for more native pasture. On his own Bill rents another 88-acre farm which he uses (Continued on Page 20) 17 rhnln courtesy nf L'SD.A Applying a water control plan to land can make farming goals easier to reach by saving soil and increasing production.

EROSION causes farmers millions of dollars in losses sures open to you and help you implement them. He can to crops and cropland each year. Besides soil losses also explain the possibility of receiving governmental as- and a reduction in crop production, consideration of sistance in some areas, if several neighbors apply water man- fertilizer losses must be taken into account. With today's agement simultaneously. high use of commercial fertilizer, holding these nutrients as You can also purchase an aerial photograph from the plant food will mean fewer dollars "eroded away." Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS), On pasture and rangeland much of the soil and water loss or if you like, sketch a detailed, accurate map of fields, occurs from overgrazing. In farm woodlands, overcutting fences, pastures, and terrain. From this information and tech- and grazing destroys the leaf litter which ordinarily protects nical assistance, you and your father will be able to decide wooded land. When irrigating or draining land, soil and how far to go with farm water management each year. Thus, water can be lost by improper procedures. Fallowed land you can arrange the investment accordingly. is also fairly barren for long periods of time. However, in reality, nearly all erosion begins with man's failure to correct Layout for the removal of natural ground cover. Some of the fields will require practicing of curved-row Hence, farmers must plan and use correct conservation farming techniques when plowing, planting, cultivating, and measures to save resources and increase production. And harvesting. Thus, by strip cropping and crop rotation, you the way to begin effective conservation of land is with an will be able to correct most of your erosion problems. When overall water management program. used in place of straight-row cropping, curved-row farming will reduce soil and fertilizer losses sharply. Planning Terracing works even better. Some fields will have sharp To start a water management program on your farm curves or deep hollows in them. These curves will need study the layout of the farm with your father and a soil straightening and probably will require some cutting and conservation technician. The conservation expert will be able filling. In many cases terracing such cropland will lower soil to provide valuable information concerning the various mea- losses by 85 percent as compared to straight-row farming.

Fig. A Fiq. B

Upper Upper Boundary Boundary

Lower Lower Boundary Boundary

The National FUTURE FARMER Upper Stake Boundary Line Land Strategy Lower Boundary

Channel

Fig. C

After the water management plan is completely worked out and the water ways are sodded or the underground pipe system is laid, the terraces and contours need to be staked out. Again, because staking a terrace requires great skill, seek the help of a soil conservationist or your vo-ag instructor.

Terracing

When making a terrace, the tractor should be in good mechanical condition, especially the brakes and the hydraulic system. Also, of importance is the draft control characteristic of the tractor and scraper blade. In many ways, a stable Photo courtesy of Danuser tractor hitch and a dependable hydraulic lift will determine A blade attached to a farm tractor does a fine job of the quality of a terracing job. leveling waterways and terracing. It's economical, too. Another important point is that the tractor operator needs a clear picture in his mind of the desired result. This will act as a guide to knowing what the intermediate stages of room for all the dirt from the channel. To do this and com- the terrace should look like. It will also help minimize op- pact the soil at the same time, the tractor tires will have to erating time and blade passes. run on loose dirt. Moving and cutting dirt while building a terrace should On about the fifth cutting pass (Fig. C) the channel be done at right angles to the direction of the tractor travel should be completed. When the 15th cut (Fig. D) is made, whenever possible. Also, when cutting ground the moldboard the loose dirt from it should complete the peak of the front should be pitched backwards. However, while moving loose slope On about the 20th cut (Fig. E) the ridge of the back dirt, it is necessary to forward pitch the moldboard. slope should be smoothed out and the backside of the front To prepare land for terracing (Fig. A), cut the foliage and slope completed. remove it from about 25 feet above and below the stake line. Remember, however, that the width of a terrace will vary

Disc the cleared area, but do not plow it, unless advised by indirectly to the degree of the original slope of the land. your conservation technician, since plowing is generally This means that the number of cuts in each figure may vary undesirable. Mark the upper and lower boundaries by mak- some in your situation. ing consecutive light cuts parallel to the stake line. Tilt and With the help of your soil technician, check the slopes angle the blade sharply and make these cuts about a trac- and channel with a surveyor's level for low or high spots tor's width apart until the boundaries are reached. which require building up or cutting and mark them. The The first deep cut (Fig. B) is made by driving the center short, low spots along the terrace can be fixed by widening of the tractor directly over the stake line. Tilt the blade to a the channel and, with the moldboard reversed and in the steep position and cut so that the dirt moves down the slope. dozing position, pushing the dirt to the top of the front slope. Limit the depth of the cut to insure accurate steering and For long, low sections deepen and widen the channel as done smooth curves. in the full length cutting and moving cycles. Finally, drive

After completing this full pass along the terrace, raise the to the front side of the slope, smooth it, and pack it. blade and reverse the moldboard. Adjust the pitch for mov- Final Note ing loose dirt and, while staying parallel with the stake line, push the dirt down the slope. Keep reversing the blade at Since water is essentially an agricultural resource, saving

the end of each pass and continue moving the dirt to the it adds to the importance of a practical water management lower boundary. program. Therefore, no matter whether your conservation Repeat this cutting and moving cycle at about the same plan requires crop rotation, strip cropping, contouring, or width cut each time until the terrace is finished. When piling terracing, a practical soil and water program will, in the the dirt on the front slope, heap it high enough to make long run, increase your profits and lower production costs.

Fig. D Fig. E

Upper Stake Upper Boundary Line Boundary

Lower Lower Boundary Boundary Channel ^|-0^ Channel

August-September, 1969 19 —

answer. What's true in one area might not be true in an- Land Strategy other. Each sale or transfer of farmland represents a different mix of market forces which influence buying and selling, incentives and prices. Industrial and population centers are stretching further and further into the country, however. Land for recreation What's land worth? purposes is in heavy demand. And the number of two-home families (one in the country) is increasing. All this has tended to push up land prices in many areas. But, nearly two out of every three purchases of farmland today do not contribute to urban expansion, to recreational facilities, or to second homes. They are made by farm operators who want to enlarge their farms.

This is probably the main reason why farmland values in general remain remarkably sensitive to expected agricultural returns. For example, during 1958-1962, the average net annual return on an investment in farmland was about 3.5 percent of the market value. In 1963-67, the return was closer to 4.0 percent. The value of land rose in similar fashion. The average landowner whose land increased in value more than 5.5 percent a year for the last 10 years saw his land go up 4.4 — ^ - i percent in value during 1958-62. In 1963-68, it went up ~-iscfti^ 6.6 percent. How long will farmland values continue to go up? Econ- omists point out that modern technology is producing more and more from fewer acres. Continuing advances can be expected to "stretch" the acre even further. Bttini These economists emphasize that enormous areas are likely to remain as farmland for many years to come Photo courtesy of USDA regardless of urban and industrial expansion into the country. Even though urban and industrial expansion continues to Therefore, as land becomes no longer the primary limiting raise land values, vast acres should remain in farmland. resource in agriculture, its value for such uses is expected to gradually level off. This could offer more hope to the DURING the last decade, farmland values have risen young farmer seeking to expand his land acreage. 70 percent—faster than the general level of all prices. In this day and age, while trying to get started in farming or maintaining growth in your enterprize, buying land becomes an even bigger problem. The sellers of farm- LAND HANDLER land also face many puzzling situations. (Continued Page As a young farmer you are competing with industry, ur- from 17) ban population, and other farm operators for land on which to expand. This raises the value per acre and either increases for growing 68 acres of wheat and 20 acres of alfalfa. On the amount you must borrow to purchase the land or de- this farm he assisted in the organization of another con- creases the number of acres you can buy. servation plan and helped construct over 30,000 feet of In one case a farmer and his wife were getting on in terraces. Bill works another 140-acre farm and receives one- years, but they still had plenty of good ones left to put into sixth of the profits for his labor. their prosperous livestock farm. And that's just what they Bill and his brother operate the machinery on their father's wanted to do. farm and in exchange obtain the use of his equipment. The When the developers of a nearby town first approached partners also trade labor for equipment with an uncle who them six years ago about buying their farm, they turned lives nearby. down the offer. When the developers came back and offered In FFA Bill found time to serve as president and secre- them more than they could earn during the rest of their tary of the Stillwater FFA and as chairman for several lives, they still held out. committees, including the supervised farming committee. The developers still kept trying to purchase the farmer's He won the 1968 National Soil and Water Management farm. Finally they offered the farmer top price for the farm- Proficiency award and was a member of the state champion land, plus the title to a similar livestock farm nearby. The livestock judging team in 1966. Further, he won a silver farmer could have the money and continue farming, too. emblem at the American Royal and placed high, individu- He signed on the dotted line and, he and his wife have been ally and on a team, in other contests. Bill won his area FFA happily working their new livestock farm for the past five speaking contest in 1967 and county soil conservation speak- years. ing contest in 1966. While this farmer's case may not be the most typical situ- He served on the student council and was a member of the

ation, it points out many problems facing both land owners state honor society throughout high school. He also was a and buyers of farmland. member of the National Honor Society. In 1967 the young By March I, 1968, the national index of average value man was selected by the governor as one of the two Okla- per acre of farmland and buildings had risen 6 percent above homa representatives to the National Agriculture Youth

the value a year before and 2 percent over November 1, Institute at Lincoln, Nebraska. 1967. Estimated total value of all farmland and farm build- In discussing agriculture Bill says, "Our family has always ings in March 1968 came to $193.7 billion, or $178 per been close to farming. My Grandads, on both sides of the acre. And for commercial farms (averaging 550 acres), the family, came to Oklahoma when the Cherokee Strip opened estimate was about $100,000 per farm. in 1893. Both families have been raising wheat and cattle What's been pushing the values up? There is no simple ever since."

20 The National FUTURE FARMER WHAT could be a better setting to learn about buying and selling livestock than in a "lab" where more than a million dollars worth of livestock trades hands every market day? Such a setting is offered by Morn- ingside College in Sioux City, Iowa, in a specialized "on-the-job" livestock marketing training program. Livestock In addition to regular classroom work, students spend two days a week at the Sioux City Stockyards working with market agents, order buyers, veterinarians, meat inspectors, and others Market Training involved in the fast-paced world of livestock marketing. Most of the students enrolled in the two-year livestock marketing course are working toward a This marketing "lab" uses 1,200 pound steers, four-year degree in business administration. slaughter hogs, and sheep as laboratory animals. "When students first enter the course," says Mr. Dick Weikert, instructor of marketing, "they often have By Robert Rice little idea of how much work goes into marketing—of what you have to know to be successful at it. By the time they graduate they have a much greater ap- preciation of the job that professional livestock buyers and sellers do." mills and meat retailers, and accompany way, the experience I gain here will be Marketing students don't just observe market agents to a customer's farm. valuable." what's going on at the yards. By work- Many of the marketing students are "This is an action study." David em- ing with market men, they get involved past members of FFA. The majority phasized. "We go right out into the to a much greater degree than they come from the Midwest, but a few are heart of the livestock industry, see the could through classroom work alone. from as far away as New York. various operations, talk with the people They "listen in" on actual trading trans- Many of the students attend Morn- involved, and learn marketing proce- actions between market agents and ingside just because of the unique mar- dures first hand." buyers in the pens, work with market keting program. One of them is David The marketing course at Morning- news reporters and accountants, and ob- Hartle of Owatonna, Minnesota. David, side presents a broad picture of mar- serve scale testing and brand inspec- a transfer from Rochester (Minnesota) keting. They teach students about the tions. Junior College, is also a varsity per- different methods of marketing, how Students also enter pens to determine former on Morningside's championship weighing conditions can make a big the cost, grade, and yield of livestock wrestling squad. difference, and many other crafts that livestock buyers on the hoof, then follow the animals "I decided on Morningside after sometimes use. "Between through packing plants to see how their learning about the marketing course," 20 and 30 percent of our students return the computations compared to actual car- David said. "I may go into farming to farm." Mr. Wei- kert emphasized. of the cass data. Occasionally they visit feed or some farm related career, but either "Many others go directly into livestock marketing as order buyers, packer buyers, or market Livestock marketing students learn to evaluate livestock by judging animals agents. Others become market reporters "on the hoof" and judging the same ca rcasses "on the hook" in packing coolers. or fill positions with stockyard companies. Some go into sales work with feed, machinery, or chemical companies. Others join the agricultural staffs of banks or insurance companies." Another thing that makes the mar-

keting course a big success is the coop-

eration it receives from personnel at the stockyards and in the marketing and packing industry. Stockyards personnel travel the short distance to the Morn- ingside campus to lecture on different aspects of stockyards management. The Sioux City Livestock Exchange and the Livestock Market News Foundation also lend encouragement by offering several awards and grants. The Exchange grants S250 to the top first-year student. Awards of S250 each are also given by the Market News Foundation to the top three senior students in the area high school Future Farmers of America livestock judging contest held at the yards every spring. News from International Harvester

Monitor Control featured on giant new combines drive starts to slip. A special gauge shows when the engine is overloaded. And there's even a gauge that As modern combines get bigger and more complex, indicates when the engine air cleaner needs servic- the operator finds it more and more difficult to keep ing. In short, no combine before has ever done so track of each separate machine function. also He much to take the guesswork out of combining and has to make the right adjustments at the right times give the operator such finger-tip control. to maintain top harvesting efficiency. Among the largest combines being built today, the Monitor Control That's why International created 815 and 915 are powered by International V8 on their new giant 815 and 915 combines. Monitor engines with up to 144 hp and have grain tanks up Control is an exclusive combination of over 30 gauges to 150-bushel capacity. Besides Monitor Control, controls gives a constant reading of most and that other control and convenience features include machine operations and lets the operator make — Hydrostatic All-Speed Drive as standard equipment instant adjustments or corrections. and the new Comfort-Control cab with heater and For instance, a warning horn sounds if the elevator air conditioner as optional equipment.

The National FUTURE FARMER Lawn and garden tractors popular on farmsteads

If anyone has more than his share of grass to cut, it's the farmer. And to maintain an attractive carpet of green around his farmstead, he is turning to handy and compact power. That's the slot where

lawn and garden tractors fit in.

Besides mowing, what are some of the farmstead jobs that International Cub Cadet lawn and garden tractors take to with relish? Cub Cadets cut the weeds, sweep, thatch, till, seed, cultivate. And they spray, fog, load, scoop, clear snow, rake, blade, backfill, dig post holes and can even generate emergency standby electric power! Free booklet tells why Hydrostatic Today's farmer has a choice of several Cub Cadet power sizes just as he has with the big International Drive is different. Write for tractors. There are two types of transmissions avail- your copy today. able—an all-gear drive in 7, 10 and 12 hp models— A new International cartoon-style booklet, "Hydro- or no-shift, no-clutch Hydrostatic Drive in 10 and static is Different" 12 hp models. gives you a quick and easy ex- planation of what Hydrostatic Drive is, how it's In recent weeks, a new, higher-powered tractor has different from any other transmission. You'll learn been introduced by International. This tractor is how Hydrostatic drive boosts productivity in trac- the 15 hp Cub 154 Lo-Boy with a long-life, water- tors, combines, windrowers, cotton pickers and lawn cooled engine. now you are equipped better than So and garden tractors. ever to handle the jobs that need doing all around For free the farmstead. your copy, write: International Harvester Company, 401 N. Michigan Avenue. Chicago 60611. Now read what owners of International Hydrostatic Drive tractors think of this entirely different kind of transmission!

A 17-year-old says, "for plowing, the Hydrostatic 656 is great because you can go any speed and save lots of time when your plow bottom breaks back. The same goes for PTO work—you can go just the right speed."

And a wife's comment: "I don't like to bale, but this is the only tractor I've used baling that I've really enjoyed." Other comments:

"I like the 656 because you have the right power and right speed at the right time."

"I have two boys— 14 and 15. I thought the 656 was the safest tractor for them. They say it's the best II tractor to drive and the easiest to handle. No clutch and you cannot jerk the tractor so there is no danger First to serve the farmer of falling off. I sure like it and the boys do not let me International Cub, Cub Cadet and Lo-Boy are registered trademarks of International Harvester Company, Chicago 60611. use it much."

The sound investment equipment- worth more when it's bought, used, traded

August-September, 1969 ***i

IlP'

Plmtn caurlcfU uf USDA HOW about cows that produce two calves per delivery, problems were brought out. with sex made to order? This may sound like a First, 48 percent of cows with multiple calves did not dream, but if current research in the physiology of expel their placenta naturally. Compared to the 2 or 3 per-

cattle reproduction is successful, it won't be long. cent found in normal herds, this poses a big management In a test conducted by the Agricultural Research Service problem. (ARS) of the USDA, beef cows that conceived after a Second, 25 percent of the cows raising twins did not re- hormone treatment weaned an average of 1.11 calves—well breed, perhaps partly because of the heavy stress on cows above the .85 generally weaned in good beef herds. giving birth to twins. Furthermore, these cows did not have The cows were injected with pregnant mare serum (PMS) enough milk for two calves. It appears that both problems twice—during the early and late stages of the estrous cycle. may be solved by crossbreeding breeds with dairy cattle. PMS stimulates the ovary to produce eggs and serves as a Third, the treatment is costly in materials and labor. The substitute for the natural follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). price of hormones now run about $7.00 per cow. New and At the end of the cycle, the cows were injected with a gonad cheaper methods for making mass-produced hormones sub-

stimulating hormone to assure ovulation, that is, the shed- stitutes must be devised. ding of eggs. Since synchronized cows can be treated and managed as In the first mating. 52 of the 81 cows treated with the a herd rather than as individuals, labor costs will eventually hormone conceived. Counting only offspring that survived, be reduced. Research now underway permits workers to they produced 29 single calves, 12 sets of twins, 8 sets of combine treatments for multiple births with treatments for

triplets, 2 sets of quadruplets, and 1 set of quintuplets. estrous synchronization. As might be expected, multiples were lighter at birth Manipulating Dosage than single calves. Twins and triplets averaged 55 pounds, while quads and quints averaged 34 pounds, compared with To get the basic idea of how hormone dosage affects 83 pounds for single calves. The quads and quints also pre- ovulation, another group of USDA physiologists treated 61 sented management problems. heifers, two and three year olds. To stimulate egg production In part, light birth weight can be accounted for by the they used FSH obtained from sheep and horses. length of gestation. It ranged from 277 days for twins to The five-day treatment, two injections daily, started on 258 for quints, compared to 281 days for single calves. the eighth day of estrus, which had been synchronized by By weaning time twins and triplets averaged 374 pounds feeding progestrone. Sixty to 72 hours after being bred and quads and quints 332 pounds. All of these calves were naturally, the eggs were checked for fertility. raised essentially as twins—using foster mothers as needed The best dosage, 6.25 milligrams, resulted in an average and providing access to feed. of 2.1 eggs ovulated per cow. Half that dose produced too Singles, raised as singles without feed, averaged 462 few eggs, 1.1 per cow, and a double dose yielded too many, pounds. Thus, offspring from the average cow with multiple 8.0 per cow. calves produced 746 pounds of beef at weaning—more than Furthermore, high doses of FSH caused fertilization of l'/2 times the output of cows with single offspring. eggs to drop. The postbreeding exam showed a 93 percent In addition to the production of more pounds of beef per fertility rate in eggs from heifers getting the best dose. At

cow, there is the possibility of lowering the maintenance the double dose, the fertilization rate went down to 79 per- costs of the cow herd. Of course, extra calves will require cent. more feed and care. But, these costs should be less than the Forthcoming Research investment savings on fewer cows. Consequently, twinning would allow a farmer to cut down In future research, scientists hope to increase the number on cow numbers and increase or maintain feeder numbers of twins and triplets while reducing the sets of quads and at maximum efficiency. Also in confinement operations, quints. Maybe even predetermine the calves' sexes. In any calves could be weaned earlier, thus enabling cows to be event, because of the potential of multiple calves, ARS and bred back faster. many university livestock researchers will try new sychroni- zation methods, hormones, and doses. Hence, by studying Practical Problems the practical problems involving the treatment of beef cows While results are encouraging, a number of practical with hormones, multiple births may soon be a reality.

24 The National FUTURE FARMER —

.^"""" A. LA v^"\ LM.M .*-. .

All members of Silver Lake, Massa- Charleston, Illinois, FFA visited Chi- Navasota, Texas. FFA members built chusetts, FFA received a state pesticide cago. Saw usual sights and movie, a nine-stall farrowing house. Used lum- license to assist in their horticulture "Funny Girl." ber taken from an old school building. training. N-N-N N-N-N N-N-N Reporter of Mariposa, California, Essex, Massachusetts. FFA ski team Each year, Couch, Missouri, FFA says there was lots of competition in went on a trip to Ragged Mountain. takes Greenhands to the National Con- FFA election. So, they have a real good N-N \ vention. team of officers. Danny Dorman represented Fayette- N-N-N N-N-N ville, Arkansas. Chapter on courtesy initiation at South Goal of Greenhand Each Greenhand in Tucumcari, New corps at state convention. Stokes, North Carolina, Chapter was to Mexico, FFA had to bake a cake. Ad- N-N-N project image of modern farmer. "Gets visor "had" to sample them. Five adults including advisor Lloyd rid of a hick image." N-N-N were installed as honorary members of N-N-N Broadus, Montana, at chapter banquet. Arnold Ahrens and Don Summers N-N-N earned Arkansas State Farmer degree. The Wilcox. Arizona. Chapter pays First ones for Lamar Chapter. one-half the price of new jackets for N-N-N new officers. Makes sure they have Moved and passed at Miller, South bright new jackets. Dakota, Chapter meeting to have anoth- N-N-N er Senior Steakfry. For seniors and ad- Valley Heights FFA in Kansas re- visors. ports having a magazine sale to raise N-N-N money to send John Hula to National Denison, Iowa, Chapter held fresh- Leadership and Citizenship Conference man welcoming bowling party. for chapter presidents. N-N-N Members of Eatonville, Washington. N-N-N After the Winner, South Dakota, Chapter had two days to prepare for a "We purchased several signs from Chapter meeting they went to a drive-in TV appearance. Pulled it off with only FFA Supply Service, and erected them for ice cream. at entrance points to our community." N-N-N one small problem—a rooster escaped in the studio. From Gray's Creek. North Carolina. N-N-N FFA. Glenn Elliott, reporter. President of State Wool Growers N-N-N spoke at Hondo, New Mexico, Chapter American Medical Association recog- Banquet. Tables were decorated with nized Middleburg. Pennsylvania. Chap- handmade wool flowers. ter for activities in promoting rural N-N-N safety. Greg Slipher attended the National N-N-N Leadership and Citizenship Conference for chapter presidents courtesy of two Frankfort, Indiana Banks. N-N-N When Roswell. New Mexico, Green- FFA members challenged school fac- hands were initiated, they had to wear ulty to basketball game at Sheffield. a 12 inch wooden wrench around their Iowa. necks for a week to school. N-N-N N-N-N Larry Ash got a bobcat on a recent Petersburg, West Virginia. Chapter Orem, Utah, Chapter hunting trip. Trip observed National Wildlife Conserva- was supposed to be for rabbit hunting. tion Week. Put on an exhibit downtown. N-N-N N-N-N Many local chapters have been using Chamberlain. South Dakota. FFA Mike Tuma. Lebanon, Oregon, (State FFA movies "Focus on Forty" (of '68 learned the hard way. If you have a big Forestry winner) operates a Christmas National Convention) and "1968 Four white owl for an advisor's symbol, put

Tree Ranch. Owns half of it, too. Star Farmers." it out of sight when the game warden N-N-N N-N-N attends the meeting. St. George, South Carolina, FFA Lacrosse. Washington, FFA received N-N N members rewired their vo-ag shop. their charter at State Convention this Chapter Star Farmer of Garbc. Okla- N-N-N year. homa, FFA is Mike Murphy. Star Greenhand Windier Schweer, Coving- N-N-N Greenhand Monte Kroll. ton, Oklahoma, chalked up two for Don't just talk about hired men. pros N-N-N safety—first in safety poster contest and and cons of farrowing crates, or weeds Turner Ashby, Virginia. Chapter won first in essay contest. in the crops. "It's boring on dates" state award for community service. N-N-N writes a local FHA president. Mavbe they can give you ideas. Grantsville, Utah, FFA put on a pa- N-N-N N-N-N triotic assembly for school. Invited a Iowa State FFA Advisor Dalbey Don't let the basket get empty. What local National Guard general to speak. spoke at State Center Chapter Banquet. is your chapter doing?

August-September, 1969 . 1. Are familiar with the normal working hazards in agriculture. 2. Have received a certificate signed by a certified vocational agriculture instructor to the effect that all requirements in program one have been met, 3. Have satisfactorily completed a 10-hour training program which includes the following units from the "Vocational Agricultural Training Pro- gram in Safe Farm Machinery Opera- tion" conducted by a certified vocational agriculture instructor: a. Importance of farm machinery. b. Safety practices common to all farm machinery operation. Vo-ag safety training will supply more and better farm machinery operators. c. Safety in tillage operations. d. Seeding equipment. e. Handling agricultural chemicals.

f. Forage equipment, h. Wagons and trailers. Machinery Safety Training i. Fork life operation. j. Augers, conveyors, and portable elevators, k. Farm equipment on highways. FOURTEEN and 15-year old voca- training course on the use, care, and 4. Have satisfactorily passed a writ- tional agricultural students can the operation of farm tractors. Voca- ten examination developed to assure that now be hired to drive farm trac- tional agricultural students will be ex- students are familiar with operational tors and to operate other farm ma- empt from order 5 upon completion of procedures. chinery upon completion of a safety the following requirements: 5. Have satisfactorily passed a farm training program. 1. Are familiar with the normal machinery operation, safety, and skill On June 27. 1969, a new amendment working hazards in agriculture. test, designed to test the students ability to the hazardous occupations order was 2. Have satisfactorily completed a to operate farm machinery in a safe and signed by the Secretary of Labor and 1 5-hour program such as the "Voca- proper manner under simulated working adopted by the U.S. Department of tional Agricultural Training Program in conditions. Labor. This action was prompted by Safe Tractor Operation" conducted by 6. Have received a certificate, signed a request from the U.S. Department of certified vocational agriculture instruc- by the students' parents or guardian, Health, Education, and Welfare's Divi- tors. and the vocational agriculture instructor sion of Vocational and Technical Edu- 3. Have satisfactorily completed a who conducted the training, stating that cation. 15-hour training program which in- the student meets all requirements listed Two distinct safety training programs cludes the following units from the "Vo- in items one through five above. have been developed by the Division cational Agricultural Training Program Conclusion of Vocational and Technical Education. in Safe Tractor Operation" conducted These programs have been approved by by a certified vocational agriculture Upon successful completion of the the State Boards of Vocational Educa- instructor: appropriate courses, the vocational ag- tion and are in accordance with official a. Pre-operating procedure. ricultural student will present a copy state safety programs. The safety train- b. Adjustments to meet operating of his signed certificate to his prospec- ing will be conducted by a certified needs. tive employer. The employer will keep vo-ag instructor, experienced in the safe c. Starting and stopping tractor en- the certificate on file until termination operation of tractors and machinery. gine. of the employment. He will also be In 1967-68, there were over 500.000 d. Controlling movement. required to further instruct the youth high school students enrolled in 8,725 e. Hitching to tractor-operated on the safe and proper operation of the approved vocational agricultural depart- equipment. specific equipment used. The employer, ments. Approximately 50 percent of f. Operating under field condi- or his representative, will also be re- these students were at least 14 years of tions. quired to check on the youth's safety at age, but less than 16 years old. Of g. Operating under highway con- least at mid-morning, noon, and mid- this group, it is possible that as many as ditions. afternoon. 50.000 will participate in the programs. h. Unhitching equipment, Keep in mind that the certificates, or

Orders 5 through 10, which are listed i. Refueling. work permits, are not the same as the in "The Hazardous Occupations Order 4. Have received a certificate, signed written agreements used under the oc- Affects You" article of the June-July by the student's parents or guardian, cupational experience programs. The issue, prohibits the operation of tractors and the vocational agriculture instructor written employment agreement is need- over 20-belt horsepower and other farm who conducted the training, stating' that ed when a student is working on his machinery by youths under 16 years of the student meets all requirements listed regular occupational experience pro- age. With the new safety training a stu- in one through three, above. gram. However, vo-ag students, and all dent can secure such employment which other students as well, will need cer- Machinery Operation will further his career objectives in agri- tificates of exemption to work on farms culture. Employers, too, will benefit The second program deals with the that are not specifically included within from the availability of better trained, safe operation of other types of farm their experience program. If you have safer, and more productive workers. machinery. To be exempt from orders any further questions regarding the new 6 through 10, vocational agricultural amendment and its application, ask Tractor Operation students must successfully complete the your vo-ag instructor, or check with The first program includes a safety following requirements: your Department of Labor office.

26 The National FUTURE FARMER DRAW THE New Trends In COWBOY Agriculture Careers

THE employment picture in Amer- as 40 percent in fields such as teaching, ica has been changing rapidly medicine, science, mathematics, the and will continue to shift even ministry, business administration, home more in the next 10 years. Major eco- economics, journalism, and social work. nomic trends are causing some job Opportunities for clerical and sales areas to expand greatly while others workers will be about 30 percent great- decline. For those on the threshhold of er. And there will be roughly 25 per- a lifetime occupation, it is of vital im- cent more jobs for service workers portance to know just what these trends such as policemen, filling station at- are and to understand how they will tendants, barbers and beauticians. affect the choice of a job. The population explosion presents A happy outlook for agricultural another startling trend. In 1970, two graduates—higher salaries and a strong million more teenagers will be seeking demand—continues the trend of the employment than in 1960. Many will last several years. Placement officers at be trained for one of the expanding Win a 13 Midwest universities report that they fields. Another half million, including You May could place some 4,700 agriculture high school dropouts, will find only the $795.00 Commercial graduates this past spring. However, poorer paying "blue-collar" jobs with they had only about 2,800 available for spells of unemployment. By 1980, no Art Scholarship jobs. And of these, many will go into more unskilled workers will be needed Draw in pencil, any size you 25 percent or in military service—about — than 1960. Thus, at the same time want (except a size that would graduate work—about 30 percent. these untrained young people are com- look like tracing). If your drawing These universities also reveal a 5.5 per- ing into oversupply. the jobs that they is chosen contest winner, you'll get a cent increase in estimated starting sal- can do are being eliminated by auto- complete $795.00 home study aries as to a year earlier. mation. compared course in advertising art. illustrating, In general the biggest growth in ca- In agriculture a startling fact is that cartooning, or painting. You'll be reer opportunities during the coming by 1980, as many as 15 to 20 percent taught by one of America's leading requiring decade will be in occupations fewer farmers (both operators and home study art schools. Every the most education and special training hired laborers) will be needed than in qualified entrant gets a free —the "white collar" or professional 1960. Since agriculture is involved in professional estimate of his talent. and technical careers. This means that many of the professional and technical Entries for current contest must be job opportunities will increase as high occupations, young men interested in received by September 30, 1969. this field will find many new opportu- Amateurs only. Our students not nities in agriculture-related occupations. eligible. Mail your drawing today.

Specifially such occupations include It could be the start of a profitable landscape architect, agricultural loan art career. specialist, agricultural communicator, mail this coupon to enter contest^ conservationist, soil bacteriologist, and farm management specialist. There"s a: art instruction schools also an increasing demand for men Studio 9G-3540 broadly, yet specifically, trained in the 500 South Fourth Street Minn. 55415 area of crop protection—weed control, Minneapolis. Please enter my drawing in your contest. insect control, plant disease control, (PLEASE PRINT) and pesticide analysis and chemistry. Agricultural career areas with the Name- strongest demands at the present time are food science, agricultural education Occupation. -Age_ and extension, and agricultural industry Address _Apt„ sales and management. Of these the demand for graduates seeking sales and City- management positions with business

and industry is especially high. In fact, County. _Zip Code- about one-third of the opportunities 's Accredited by the Accrediting Commission :J^^ - Council. "I'm glad you came in. There's some- open this year in agriculture are in this of the National Home Study . I fcl ~—^-' Approved for Veterans Training. thing wrong with the air-conditioner." area of opportunity.

August-SeptembcT, 1969 27 All-season ventilation systems featuring polyethlene air ducts and motorized shut- ters for livestock and poultry buildings has been an- nounced by the Jamesway Division of the Butler Manu- facturing Company. The system controls moisture, temperature, and fresh air flow.

International Harvester's new : 56 blower features a 45 degree feeding system that augers the crop in a uniform, near straight-line flow to a 56-inch diameter rotor. IH % claims the blower can blow more silage with up to 20 percent less power because of the feed exclusive angle.

David Brown Tractors Ltd.

has expanded its line to include this new gasoline model, the 4600. The 4600

has all of the features of the diesel models and has a 46 horsepower PTO. The company also added a 3800, 38 PTO horsepower gasoline model to its line.

721 AN/SCAN by Ithaco, Inc. of Ithaca, New York, uses ultrasonic waves to generate an accurate photograph Something New (top) of the interior cross section of a loin eye (below) of a living animal in 20 seconds, requires little training, and can be a valuable hog evaluation tool.

A new hydraulically operated endgate

for 1 30-, 1 63-, and 205-bushel single- beater New Holland spreaders improves the ability of handling sloppy manure without reducing their capacity

for solid manure. The endgate is made of corrosion-resistant, high-strength

steel and lifts clear of heaped loads.

This new brush cotton harvester from Case features a unique double-plenum fan system which separates the cotton from green bolls and takes the cotton directly from the side auger, without cross augers or elevators, to the 2,000 pound capacity basket. The model 500

has a dumping clearance of I I feet. —

Engine Oil Selection

The long and short of oils is not in the visual characteristics, it's in the job the oil has to do. These categories as well as the purposes of oil additives and special dopes are all discussed.

By Melvin Long

SUCH obvious indicators as color, 1. "For Service ML"—for spark-ig- But, the extremely high performance feel, or odor are worthless in judg- nition engines in light and favorable requirements of current automobile en-

ing oil quality or condition. And service. Examples: light trucks, some gines have made it necessary to set up such terms as premium, heavy duty, de- tractors, and power units. additional standards and test methods tergent, and multiple viscosity only in- 2. "For Service MM"—for control- to determine how well a specific oil will crease the confusion. The engine-oil ling deposits or bearing corrosion when perform in each manufacturer's engines. properties and the terms used to de- crankshaft temperatures are high. Ex- Essentially, these tests consist of a scribe them are discussed here so that amples: farm tractors, trucks, auto- sequence of five performance tests us- you can choose the best oil to meet the mobiles, engines on balers, combines, ing agreed upon engines operated under operating requirements of your engine. and forage harvesters. controlled conditions. These tests mea- The most noticeable characteristic 3. "For Service MS"—for control- sure low-temperature oxidation, cam of an oil is its thickness or viscosity. ling deposits or bearing corrosion be- and tappet wear, and sludging proper- The SAE number for different weights cause of operating conditions, fuel, or ties of the oil. of oil is based on its viscosity. The full engine-design characteristics. Examples: The engine manufacturer specifies range of these numbers is: 5W, 10W, commercial or farm trucks making long the minimum score that an oil must ob- 20W, 20, 30, 40, and 50. This viscosity trips or hauling heavy loads, autos used tain on each of the five parts of the is determined by measuring the number for start and stop driving at low-engine test in order to be approved for use in of seconds required for a certain amount temperature, tractors doing winter chore his automobile engine. of oil to pour through a small hole. The work. The oil companies then test their SAE numbers with the "W" attached in- 4. "For Service DG"—for diesel en- products to determine if they meet or dicate that the oil was measured at gines with no severe requirements. Ex- exceed the requirements. The informa- degrees F., and the numbers without the amples: some farm wheel and crawler tion that a specific oil does meet or "W", at 20 degrees below degrees F. tractors, trenching machines, and sta- exceed the requirements is printed on The "W" oils are intended for cold- tionary machines. the oil-container label. weather use while the regular oils are 5. "For Service DM"—for moderate- Oil Additives for hot-weather use. Multiple viscosity ly high operating temperatures and load- oils, such as SAE 5W20 or 10W40 ing. Examples: some farm wheel and Engine oil performs several jobs. It have the low-temperature characteristic crawler tractors. reduces friction and wear, absorbs of 5W or 10W, but act like 20 or 40 6. "For Service DS"—for high oper- shocks, cushions loads, helps seal the when the engine reaches operating tem- ating temperature or severe loading. pistons, clean, carries away heat from perature. Used in engines using fuels or having some parts of the engine, and helps There are several properties of oils design characteristics that tend to pro- keep the engine clean and free of con- by which they may be classified. The duce deposits or abnormal wear, or if taminants. terms "regular", "premium", and "sup- conditions of service are so severe that To perform all these jobs, engine oil plement 1" are out-moded designations DG class oils will not serve adequately. contains many additives in addition to for attempts to describe other oil prop- It is possible for manufacturers to the base petroleum stock. These addi- erties besides viscosity. The most logical classify their oil as suitable for more tives include: Oxidation and corrosion way of describing an oil is to indicate than one service condition, for example: inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, anti- the type of job for which it is best "for service DG and MS". That means foamants, pour-point depressants, and suited to perform. that in this particular case, the oil would viscosity-index improvers. To provide a uniform system of de- be suitable for less severe conditions The number and amount of additives scribing oils, the American Petroleum in diesel engines, as well as most severe used depends upon the characteristics of Institute has set up API standards. conditions in gasoline engines. the base petroleum stock as well as the These are divided into two categories All automobile manufacturers now use for which the oil is intended. spark ignition (M) and diesel (D). specify the use of service MS oils only. (Continued on Page 31)

August-September, 1969 29 153 games, getting 189 hits for a fine .314 average. He also had 27 homers and drove in 106 runs. Hank joined the 200 hit club in 1956 and led the National League in hitting with a .328 average. 1957 was a big year for both the Braves and Hank Aaron, as his play that year played a big part in Milwaukee win- ning the National League pennant. Hank had !98 hits in 615 tries for a .322 average, and he slammed a league- leading 44 homers. He also led the league in RBI's with 132 and scored 109 runs himself.

Hank tied a World Series mark when he hit safely "in all

seven games and got 1 1 hits in 28 attempts for a .393 average. He also hit three homers, drove in seven runs, and scored five runs. His play won him the 1957 National League Most Valuable Player award. Hank almost repeated his hitting record in 1958, when he had 196 hits in 601 times at bat for a .326 average. And, although his homer output dropped to 30, he did bat in 95 runs. He helped the Braves win another NL flag and hit nine for 27 and a .333 average in the 1958 World Series. Aaron won his second batting crown in 1959 with a .355 average as his 39 homers helped him drive in 123 runs. His average dropped to .292 in 1960, but his 126 RBI's led the league and he hit 40 homers. In the next five years (1960-1965) his average ranged from .318 to .328. He led the NL in homers again in 1963 with 44 and in RBI's with 130. Hank Aaron, Atlanta Braves' right fielder The Braves moved to Atlanta, Georgia in 1966, but that didn't hurt Hank's hitting much as he led the league in homers again with 44 and in RBI's with 127. It has been a coincidence that he led the NL in homers three times and always with 44 homers. Hank's bat has been his biggest asset, as he holds or has SPORTRAIT tied many Major and National League records, however, he has also been a fine defensive player. He won the Gold Stan Allen Glove award as the NL's outstanding right fielder in 1958, 1959, and 1960. He has good speed for a six foot, 180 pounder, and covers a lot of ground in the outfield with ease. That speed has helped him swipe 215 bases, too and AMMERIN" Hank Aaron, 35-year-old veteran of 46 just last year he added 28 stolen bases to his credit. 15 years in pro ball, is one of the most feared Going into the 1969 season. Hank Aaron had stepped hitters in the National League. He has hit over H up to the plate 8,889 times in 2,279 ball games with 2,792 the .300 mark in 12 of those years, but still, some baseball hits for a fine lifetime batting average of .314. His hits have experts will not accord him superstar status. been good for 4,982 total bases to earn him the ninth spot Hank has been a good athlete since his early days in in the Major League record book. Of his hits, 484 were Mobile, Alabama, where he played baseball and football for doubles and 88 were triples. He has driven in a total of 1,627 Central High School. He decided to stick with baseball since runs, and scored 1,603 runs. he weighed only 145 pounds at the time. This paid off early Hank is off to another good start this year as he is hitting as he was offered a contract by the Indianapolis Clowns of .338 in 64 games. He has already hit 21 homers which ups the Negro American League after he graduated from school. his total to 531 to put him in the third spot on the all-time Milwaukee Braves' scouts spotted Hank after he had com- home run list behind Willie Mays. Since Hank is younger piled a .467 batting average in just 15 games with the than Mays, he should have a chance to take over second Clowns. The Braves purchased his contract and assigned him place before he "hangs up" his cletes. to their Class "C", Eau Claire. Wisconsin, team in the Northern League. Aaron got off to a good start with Eau Claire when he hit at a .336 pace with 1 16 hits in 345 tries with nine home runs and 51 RBI's. That record bought him a ticket to Jack- sonville, Florida, in 1953 to play with the Braves' Class "A" club in the Sally League. Hank went to bat 574 times in 137 games and hit safely 208 times (a league high); and also led league with a .362 batting average, in RBI's (115), runs scored (115), assists, put-outs, and won the South Atlantic League's Most Valuable Player award. Hank also led the Sally League in errors by a second baseman in 1953 and was switched to the outfield, at the Braves' 1954 training camp. This put him in a good spot when Bobby Thomson, their regular outfielder, broke his leg. Aaron replaced him and has been a regular outfielder since then. Hank had a good start in his rookie season, hitting a .280 pace with 13 homers and 69 RBI's. He continued to improve 7 admit I don't know much about farming, but isn't this in his sophomore year when he went to bat 602 times in a little early for harvesting?"

30 The National FUTURE FARMER require an oil change every 50 hours for best engine protection. Engine Oil When you're In a cold engine, the incomplete combustion produces impurities that di- Selection lute the oil and decrease its effective- ready for a ness. They reduce its ability to lubricate (Continued from Page 29) and to clean the engine, as well as form- real ing acids and deposits which promote 22, you're wear. ready for a Oxidation inhibitors reduce the rate Special Dopes of oxidation, and thus slow the forma- What about the special additives or real scope. tion of compounds harmful to the en- dopes that can be added to the crank- gine. case oil or to the gasoline? Some of Corrosion inhibitors coat metal wear- these can be used without risk, and do ing surfaces with an impervious film to provide benefits. For example: engine When you get your first 22, you reduce attacks by corrosive compounds. solvents for freeing gum-stuck piston rate all the fun. safety, and Detergents loosen deposits which may rings, upper cylinder lubricant for reg- accuracy a real telescope sight have formed on valves, pistons, rings, ular use and for breaking a new or can add to your shooting. or other parts of the engine. rebuilt engine, and de-icer concentrates. Weaver makes three precision Dispersants hold the contaminants in Any other special compounds or scopes just for 22 s suspension so that they will not settle "dopes" however, are likely to do more All three have big scope quality out and collect in the engine. harm than good. The various additives and features: achromatic optics, Anti-foamants prevent accumulation discussed earlier in the article are added dependable adjustments, of air bubbles in the oil. When oil is to the base stock on the basis of exhaus- constantly-centered crosshairs, agitated rapidly in the presence of air, tive tests and evaluations conducted by shock-proof steel tube, fine gun- tiny air bubbles form. The air "dilutes" the refiner. The problem is to obtain blue finish. They're easy to the oil and reduces its effectiveness. the desired in each case without intro- mount, easy to zero in — Therefore, it is important that these ducing undesirable characteristics. Thus, even for a beginner. bubbles be' removed rapidly from the oil. a careful balance must be maintained Pour-point depressants improve the among the several additives used. Prices start at less than ability of the oil to flow at low temp- When you proceed to add your own $10— including mount. eratures. "dope," the ultimate result is not that See the 4-power C4. Should these highly-compounded ad- which is hoped for by the seller of the 6-power C6. and vari- ditive-type oils be used in all engines? compound. able V22 at any dealer. If was built before these the engine Or write for free additive-type oils in general use, How Often to Change were color catalog: obviously the engine was not designed Your tractor operator's manual con- W. R Weaver Co.. use of the improved oil prop- to make tains specific instructions on how often Oept. 93. erties. Therefore, there is little reason to change the crankcase oil. It most El Paso. Texas 79915. for the use of anything but the straight cases, it will also recommend the API petroleum oil for which the engine was classification that you should use. designed. Any attempt to "stretch" oil service oil is In fact, if detergent used in an life for a few more hours is usually poor engine which has had many hours of economy. One engine overhaul that service with non-detergent oils, it may could have been avoided will buy a lot start to use oil. However, there's a good of engine oil. reason, which is not the fault of the oil. Generally, the engine was not using oil because it was so full of sludge and other deposits that the oil could not circulate as fast or every place that it should. Thus, the engine was not using oil because it was not being properly lubricated.

When the detergent oil is added, it tends to remove these deposits and permit free circulation of oil. Then, if the engine is worn, it will start using oil, as it should have been doing all along. An oil containing detergent and dis- persant usually appears dirty soon after it is put in the crankcase. This appearance is produced by the contaminants that it carries in suspension. The dirty appearance is an indication that the oil is doing its job properly. Many tractor manuals recommend changing crankcase oil every 100 hours of operation, with a decrease of operating period as the service becomes more EAVE. COPES severe. Operation that is mostly short "I've been doing a little interior deco- haul running, with a cold engine, may rating on your tractor cab."

August-September, 1969 31 Hazardous Occupations Order In Off-Farm Agriculture

Hazardous Occupation Orders in NON -AGRICULTURAL Occupations MANY of you, as vocational agri- privileges afforded student learners in Affecting the Employment of 16 and cultural students, seek occupa- non-agricultural occupations do not ex- 17-Year Olds tional training in agribusiness. tend to all the 17 hazardous occupa- 1. Occupations in or about plants or according to the hazardous tions, but only to those specified. However, establishments manufacturing or storing agricultural occu- Orders number two and seven have occupations order for explosives or articles containing explo- pations, the definition of agriculture special significance for off-farm occu- sive components. include employment in off- pations. A student employed in a feed does not 2. Occupations of motor vehicle driver farm agriculture. Another set of orders, mixing plant, for example, would quite and helper. recall from "The Hazard- likely find it desirable to drive a delivery as you may 3. Coal-mine occupations. ous Occupations Order Affects You" truck, or to serve as a helper on a 4. Logging occupations and occupa- article in the last issue, covers jobs in truck in delivering bulkfeed. tions in the operation of any sawmill, these off-farm agricultural businesses. Order number two has been relaxed lath mill, single mill, or cooperage-

to make it possible for a student learner stock mill. Off-Farm Agriculture to serve as a helper when he rides in- 5. Occupations involved in the opera- Students and teachers who are seek- side the cab of a truck to and from the tion of power-driven woodworking ma- * ing to develop supervised occupational farm or feed mixing plant. The student chines. experience programs with employers may also serve as driver of vehicles 6. Occupations involving exposure to who operate agricultural businesses are under 6,000 pounds gross weight dur- radioactive substances and to ionizing radiations. required to follow the child labor pro- ing daytime only. To do this the stu- visions of the Fair Labor Standards Act dent must hold a valid state driver's 7. Occupations involved in the operation of elevators and other power-driven as amended in 1966. A provision in this license and have completed a state ap- hoisting apparatus. law states: "At 16 years of age young proved driver education course. The people may be employed in any occupa- vehicle must be equipped with seat belts 8. Occupations involved in the operation of power-driven metal forming, tion other than those in non-agricultural and the employer must have instructed punching, and shearing machines. * occupations which have been declared the student that the seat belts must be 9. Occupations in connection with min- hazardous by the Secretary of Labor. used. ing, other than coal. There are no other restrictions. If it is Order number seven has been relaxed 10. Occupations in or about slaughter- not contrary to state or local law, stu- to make it possible for a student learner ing and meat-packing establishments dents of this age may be employed dur- to operate fully automatic passenger or and rendering plants. * ing school hours or off school hours." freight elevators when they are con- 11. Occupations involved in the opera- Exemptions to the non-agricultural trolled entirely by push buttons. tion of certain power-driven baker ma- hazardous occupation orders 5, 8, 12, Students meeting all provisions may chines. 14, 16, and 17 are available to ap- be employed in retail or service estab- 12. Occupations involved in the opera- prentices and student learners. Few, if lishments or in agriculture at a wage rate tion of certain power-driven paper prod- any, of the in which voca- less estab- occupations not than 85 percent of the ucts machines. * tional agriculture students would wish lished minimum. In order to fulfill these 13. Occupations involved in the manu- to work are apprenticeable trades. In as requirements, a certificate must be is- facture of brick, tile, and kindred prod- much, student learners will be required sued in accordance with the regulations. ucts. to meet the same provisions as students If have any further questions you 14. Occupations involved in the opera- employed in hazardous occupations in concerning the hazardous occupation tion of circular saws, band saws, and agriculture. orders which pertain to your occupa- guillotine shears. * provisions There are no for exemp- tional experience program, ask your vo- 15. Occupations involved in wrecking, tion of students under the age of 16 to cational agricultural instructor. He may demolition, and ship-breaking opera- work in non-agricultural occupations be able to help you comply with the tions. which have been declared hazardous. conditions in your own state. For more 16. Occupations involved in roofing op- The exemption privileges for student information regarding the hazardous oc- erations. * learners to work in non-agricultural occupation orders for agriculture, the 17. Occupations in excavation opera- cupations which have been declared to amendments, and the child labor laws, tions. * be hazardous are for students between you or your vo-ag teacher may contact •Exemptions are available for 16 and 18 years of age. Special note your local U.S. Department of Labor, apprentices and student learners. should be taken that the exemption or your county extension office.

32 The National FUTURE FARMER Does your horse have these symptoms?

1. Stiff gaited walk or refusal to stand on all four legs are general symptoms of lameness. Check horse over carefully.

2. Swelling and heat on front of foreleg from knee to ankle. It's called "bucked shins."

3. Soft, painless swelling around the fetlock Jarpeg G. Morfimp'r is called "windgall" or f "windpuff."

4. Swollen tendons — Old Quacker, a well-known duck of western Montana, lives at Troy mill pond. swelling gives a "bowed" look from knee to ankle. so it's called "bowed tendon." Quacker is not a mallard; in the pond house, supplied and re- OLD Prevent not a widgeon; not a pintail; nor served for his use only. The pondmen everyday injuries from turning into serious any of the other well-known never allow it to become empty. On problems — Use Absorbine species. He is non-descript. He may their own time they sweep out the Veterinary Liniment, the even be a cross between a wild and a empty grain cars on the nearby track anti-lameness DRBINE conditioner. tame duck. He has a mottled mixture siding. When that source fails, everyone of light and dark feathers with the light digs up some cash to purchase grain. W. F. Young, Inc. colors predominating. He is somewhat Through the years Old Quacker has Springfield, larger than a mallard, but smaller than seen vast changes take place, but he Mass. 01101 a tame duck. remains unperturbed. In 1955, a new Ava liable in the U S and Canada" Old Quacker made his first appear- sawmill and steam plant was started as Also a favorite with top trainers-Absorbme Hooflex, the Veterinary Hoof Conditioner. ance in March of 1953, in the little well as a much larger pond. Construc- town of Troy, Montana, and in Febru- tion and upheavel was everyplace. Huge ary of 1969, was still active and alert. new buildings were shaping up all According to authorities, the life span around the duck, and soon the small of a wild duck is 10 to 12 years, but pond would be filled in. What would Old Quacker was full grown upon ar- Old Quacker do? Would he migrate rival, and has now survived 16 addi- that fall, never to return? Not Old tional years. EARN Quacker. He had a very simple solution. At any rate, is Old Quacker a freak, With a mighty beat of the wings he not only in looks, but in habits as well. 581 arose majestically above all the turmoil In the fall when the other ducks are mi- of cranes and scaffolding; set his wings TO grating, he remains disinterested. He and glided only as far as the nearby steadfastly sticks to the pond of floating Kootenai River. There he stayed for $540 logs and the din of busy cranes, clank- the winter. Occasionally he would ing chains, and saws. humming waddle to the top of the river bank to GUARANTI • You see, he is community property. check up on the progress of his new belongs PROFITS He to everyone. He may be home. His faithful providers made somewhat reserved or perhaps suspi- daily trips with sandwiches and box cious toward strangers, but to proven FOR YOUR car gleanings. Fortunately, it was a ORGANIZATION friends he is unafraid and will eat mild winter, and the river remained from an outstretched hand. open. During the summer months there are At last the new immense log pond POINSETTIA CANDLE myriads of insects on the floating logs. was completed. The water was turned

He cruizes up and down the lane be- on, and with it came Old Quacker. SEND FOR FREE SAMPLE TO SHOW YOUR GROUP tween logs, like a tug boat in a busy thankful to be home once more. Get full details on no- risk, no money m harbor, industriously shoveling in bugs He enjoys hot and cold running advance, guaranteed profit plan'. of all kinds. At other times of the year, water. To keep the log pond from MANY GROUPS EARN OVER $2000

6 shipping centers: Ca! Mo.. Ps . Vicf' ,Teiwi Mass if there is a shortage of bugs or for a freezing over, a huge flow of hot To: Abigail Martin SEND NO MONEY change of diet, Old Quacker knows he water is discharged from the steam 1113 Washington. Dept 31 MAIL COUPON TODAY can bum a handout. Any pondman. plant into the pond. Between this hot St. Louis, Mo. 63101 Please send FREE CANDLE S-: millman, or truck driver will share his water inlet and the cold water inlet Name lunch. In fact, one truck driver was there is any temperature to suit the de- Address observed feeding most of his lunch to sires of Old Quacker. City ^State_ Zip- the duck. No doubt, it is routine for When winter temperatures are low, Name of Organization— housewives to add extra slices of bread he stays mighty close to the hot end of No. of Area Code Phone_ to lunch pails. the pond. Every two or three days, or (Free candle subject to our approval and verifica- Then, too, there is the grain barrell (Continued on Page 35) tion of information submitted.)

August-September, 1969 ?? —

during high school. Through the FFA, he had the opportunity to control his own enterprises, to make them grow, FFA, and to a great extent, determine their success or failure. The FFA provided him with an opportunity and he ac-

cepted it. an opportunity A friend of mine and former staff member of the University of Illinois is working on an Agency for International Development (AID) assignment in Ma- for you lawi, Southeast Africa. He wrote, "When I started my first AID job, I thought all problems could be solved by By Ron Scherer educating the people. After working on

three overseas assignments, I'll have to admit my thinking has changed. Educa- GUESS I first wanted to be a vet- And an instructor once told me, "When tion is vital, but alone will do very little

erinarian. Then, the Russians a job turns into fun, man, you had bet- to help a developing country. I believe

I launched their first Sputnik and ter take it." the same is true for a young man or my ambitions quickly turned to space Because of my experience as a sec- woman in the USA. There are other science and physics. A neighbor boy and tional reporter, I realized there might aspects such as motivation, resources, I even built and launched our own be a place for me in agricultural com- luck, and the most important, exper- rockets—until we decided playing bas- munications. Since that term as FFA ience!" ketball was safer. And, with my high reporter, I have received a B.S. degree What are the opportunities for youth school physics and chemistry grades be- in agricultural communications from through the FFA?

ing what they were, it didn't take long the University of Illinois, and am, I They are primarily two-fold. First, for me to renew my interest in agricul- hope, on my ways towards a career in the FFA offers you an opportunity for ture. that area. personal growth and development, and By the end of my freshman year, I I'm not trying to do a commercial second, an opportunity to serve others was positive I should be a county ex- for agricultural communications. I'm through a better community, better tension agent. Well, almost positive also not saying there's a career for you government, and a better agriculture. besides, an agriculture teacher is sorta' in agricultural communications. I am What about the opportunities for like a county agent, and with my growing saying, though, that there are opportu- personal growth and development? We interest in FFA and all. I was soon sure nities for you in the FFA which can fail to recognize many of the everyday that teaching agriculture was "my bag". influence you throughout life. FFA experiences as opportunity-yield- By the time I was a junior—and a During the time while you are going ing ones. The experiences you gain dozen careers later— I was ready to through high school, what may appear from conducting a meeting, or making chuck it all and return to that south- to be only minor everyday happenings, decisions by means of ballot, learning eastern Illinois farm after high school are probably actually learning experi- to speak in public, meeting people and graduation. ences. You are learning by doing the making new friends, learning to solve But then something happened which things which will help you grow per- your own problems, buying and selling changed all this. That little "something" sonally. And you will continuously im- cooperatively, financing yourself, as- has influenced nearly every decision I've prove yourself even more—if you rec- suming civic responsibility—all are made since then. It's the major reason I'm ognize the experiences you obtain from valuable experiences. These experiences seated behind a desk today writing this FFA opportunities and take advantage all add up to opportunity for you. article instead of plowing the back forty. of them. Take advantage of them, and recognize Anyway, that "something" is the I've cited one example of how the them as a means of opportunity. sum of all the experiences I gained as FFA proved to be an opportunity—but But what about the other side of the a sectional FFA reporter. As a section- there are many others. I can think of two-fold opportunity scale—the oppor- al reporter, I was responsible for pub- at least three young men who are now tunity to serve others? lishing a sectional newsletter and pub- pursuing careers in law, with the long- The FFA has long been known as an licizing the activities of the 15 chapters range plan of eventually becoming in- organization working for community in our section, in any way, shape, or volved in politics and government. service and improvement. But these form I saw fit. I used newsletters, mag- These three were each state FFA efforts by the FFA are no more than azines, newspapers, radio, exhibits, and officers several years ago. And, like the sum of all the efforts of each in- word-of-mouth to spread the FFA's me, their experiences in the FFA, es- dividual FFA member. What you are message to the public. pecially those gained while leading the and how you cooperate with other All this time I kept getting letters FFA as officers, played an important FFA'ers determines to what extent your from the University of Illinois telling part in deciding what career to seek. chapter is a service to others. me that, as an FFA reporter I was in- Through the FFA, they learned about The opportunity for personal growth volved in something called agricultural leadership, parliamentary procedure, and the opportunity for service to others communications. Why, I didn't even citizenship, and patriotism—the things complement and stimulate each other. know there was such an animal as agri- that stirred their interest in politics and They can both arise from experiences cultural communications before I be- government. gained from FFA—if you recognize came a sectional reporter. The experience of another fellow these experiences as opportunities. But, as my year as an FFA reporter FFA member sticks in my mind. This As members of the FFA, you have progressed, I learned more and more young man is now actively engaged in learning experiences that most other

about communications and became farming. Why is he farming? youth do not have. View these everyday more and more interested in it. The He gives, as the major reason, the experiences as opportunities for growth. whole thing was not only a challenge, experiences he gained through his su- Prove to yourself, first-hand, that the but was also starting to turn to fun. pervised farming program in the FFA FFA is an opportunity for you. I did!

34 The National FUTURE FARMER The Duck Who to wing. His last effort was a miserable failure. He managed to get air-borne, as he headed for the river, but he Came to Stay couldn't gain enough altitude to clear the dike and crashed with a thud. (Continued from Page 33)' He also limps badly as he traverses the booms and logs in quest of insects. whenever hunger drives him to it, he When a whole truckload of logs is hits for the pond house; gluts himself dumped into the pond at one time, on grain and rapidly propels himself huge waves fan out in all directions, back to warmer water. and logs bump and grind together many After several seasons it discov- was feet away. On one occasion, Old Quack- ered that the resident duck was nesting er didn't dodge soon enough and one in a hollow log. During conversations leg was painfully mangled and broken a listener could still note that Old between the heaving logs. Quacker, even though a female, was Somehow, he hobbled over the dike still called a "he" and such is the case and down to the riverbank. That most to this day. Thinking of Old Quacker likely would have been the end for Old as a male was too deeply ingrained in the Quacker, but fate stepped in to save minds of millmen to be changed now. him. A young boy found the sick duck, Old Quacker laid 17 eggs and duti- gathered him up, and dashed for home. fully sat on them for more than the The boy's mother dropped all rou- prescribed time of incubation. Mean- tine household chores and duties. Old while, the cedar log had been secured Quacker's leg was cleaned up and splints License Plates to a boom so that it didn't get run applied. A box was fixed for him, and through the sawmill. Pondmen made Designed for You he was fed. sure that the nesting duck was not dis- It works! Over 1500 groups throughout the When he was considered cured he turbed. Eventually Old Quacker gave country used this fund raiser successfully in speedily resumed his duties as pond the last 12 months. Every car owner in your up the nest and resorted to his normal mascot and bug exterminator. Old area is a prospect. life. were fertile. pond The eggs not YOUR WORDING & EMBLEM embossed on Quacker continues to remember the Early the following year a plan was heavy gauge steel in choice of 7 brilliant baked dangers of his hazardous occupation formulated to aid Old Quaker in his enamel colors. Fits any car. Official 6 x 12" and watches log movements closely. He size or 4 x 12" with special metal fastener. efforts to raise a family. One of the will not be caught a second time. millmen had a flock of domestic ducks. 100%-300% PROFIT! For Mample: order 100 Platss Except for his one accident he has @ 79* each, Mil at $1.50. earn {71. Ordsr He trudged into the mill yard one morn- 1000 @ 45c aach. Mil at $1.50, earn $1050. never been late, and never, never been ing with a white drake under his arm. NOTHING DOWN! Wa bill In 30-45 dap after shipment, allowing you ample time to Mil. absent. He is as dependable as the sea- They had reckoned without the co- sons. One man even remarked, "Why Write today for details on this operation of Old Quacker. He was most proved way to raise money. We'll send will get bigger pension indifferent and suspicious of this in- Old Quacker a FREE sample plate, factory price list and full-color illustrated folder. truder. The drake was left in the pond than I do. He's got a lot more seniority." for some time, but nevertheless, Old You may be sure that Old Quacker P. 8oi 564-FA , the nest will not voluntarily retire. He will re- QUALITY PRODUCTS, INC. Quacker once more went to j Colun bus. Miss. 397011 to and sat on sterile eggs. This was Old main a faithful and loyal employee 1 Please send information (no c bligation) last to be a mother. the very end. And when his final exit Quacker's attempt | NAMF In all of "duckdom" Old Quacker is does come, there will be no laughter, probably envied for his easy and lux- and more than one tear will be brushed ri,» state urious living. Even so, time is leaving away with a work roughened hand at J its marks. Old Quacker no longer takes the Troy mill pond.

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I 32 pages of practical information about how you can have a better beef cattle project!

American Angus Association 3201 Frederick Boulevard, St. Joseph, Missouri 64501

Please send me a free copy of your new booklet, STAR OF YOUR FUTURE

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Street, Box or Route

Town State Zip Code "Where were you yesterday when I (Be sure to include your Zip Code.) came in with those five big bass?"

August-September, 1969 35 CALIFORNIA—The Livingston FFA ARKANSAS—The state association Chapter forms a team to carry out their held its forty-second annual convention annual community implement show. at their state camp—Camp Couchdale The implement show, one of the big- near Hot Springs. Over 300 members gest of its kind in California, was con- and advisors "roughed" it in the well ceived by the Livingston FFA as an equipped cabins, and dining hall. *f *.** educational and community service proj- The sessions are held in the chapter ect three years ago. house—a large meeting hall with stage. At first, the plan was simply to get A fireplace in one end is all that re- agricultural machinery and equipment mains of an original camp building. It dealers to bring their "wares" to the is a fireplace built with stones given by school grounds, and in one day have various local Arkansas chapters. their equipment on review for the National Advisor H. N. Hunsicker. public. spoke at the opening session of the con- Starting with the original idea of an vention. Another guest speaker was Mr. implement display, the chapter added E. D. Beall, first Arkansas state FFA a tractor rodeo, an "idea" show, a farm, president. Lowell Catlett, national FFA Committee members review points to and a free bean feed. Every member of vice president challenged the delegates note when checking fire extinguishers. the chapter becomes involved in such to action in the organization. committees as publicity, "idea" show, the farm, exhibitor relations, physical £ THE FFA IN ACTION

ILLINOIS—The Mt. Carmel FFA chapter, David Peach who acts as chair- Chapter has started a cooperative store man of the board. (Mark Ankenbrandt, to help members obtain official FFA Reporter) material such as T-shirts, notebooks, The Esau brother's grape harvestor won and ballpoint pens. And to see how a the top prize in the FFA "idea" show. cooperative works. member of the Any NEW YORK—There's an FFA chap- FFA chapter is also a member of the set-up. concessions, and tractor rodeo. ter in New York City. It is at John cooperative. The cooperative accomp- A Saturday late in March is selected as Bowne High School in Queens. There lishes purposes. It the day for the show. many encourages stu- are 150 "aggies" who have enrolled in dents to buy material, it lets Livingston is a small town in Cali- more FFA the agriculture course plan. This in- fornia's San Joaquin Valley. The farm- them purchase the material at a reduced cludes sophomores, juniors and seniors. rate, and it lets the students run a co- ing in the area is highly diversified and There are 4,000 other non-ag students consequently brings in a wide range of operative by themselves. in the high school. farm equipment to the high school ath- The store started with a $100 loan Ag students take all of the regular letic grounds. It also brings in thousands from the FFA chapter. This money was academic subjects of a high school plus of people to view and take part in the used to purchase an inventory of ma- two periods of agriculture. The school

activities. Last year over 300 pounds of terial from the Future Farmers Supply is located near Laguardia Airport. Chair- beans were baked for the free luncheon. Service in Alexandria. Virginia. man of the agriculture department is One of the most popular events of The store's fiscal year started April Mr. George Chrein. Other vocational the day is the "idea" show. This is 1. 1968, and ended April 1, 1969. At agricultural instructors are Mr. Robert open to anyone who has something new the end of the fiscal year it was, antici- Klastorin and Mr. William Niederoda. to offer in the way of ideas for farm pated that the co-op store's board of The ag department includes a classroom, equipment. The very first year three directors will declare a 10% dividend shop, and 4.5-acre land area behind the members of the Livingston Chapter won based on the number of dollars' worth school. This land laboratory is used for the idea show with a grape picker they of business a member has purchased testing soil, raising vegetables, fruit had devised in their farm shop. Another during the year. trees, and chickens. favorite among the people who watch The board of directors consists of In addition to classroom studies, these is the tractor tol.o. There is always five members. The members are: fresh- FFA members spend their summers dur- plenty of action in this event. man. Steve Koenig; sophomore, Eddie ing high school on a farm. Students for Robert Olson and Pirus Abraham Trapp: junior, Jerry Tennis; senior, the ag department are selected by ap- are advisors of the Livingston Chapter. Jack Smith; and the treasurer of the plication. (Marc Greenberg)

36 The National FUTURE FARMER LOUISIANA—Members of the Saline The program is coordinated through the FFA Chapter are active in promoting county superintendent's office. The and helping with school safety. Safety schools are about the same size in num- committee members meet with high ber of students. (Richard Mills, Advisor) school principal and other school offi- cials to discuss all phases of school safety and how FFA members can help. SOUTH DAKOTA—Honorary Chapter Approval for carrying out safety ac- Farmers of the Watertown FFA presented the Active tivities is secured from the principal. "Most Member" award at the chapter's banquet. A report by the safety committee is given at the next regular chapter meet- This award was conceived by the ing and plans are set for getting started. men who are Honorary Chapter Farm- Chapter members also select a fire ers because they want to continue their warden and three assistant wardens. The support and help to the FFA. The chap- president appoints several committees ter invites these men to the annual including fire hazards, fire extinguish- banquet. ing equipment, fire drill, traffic safety, The "Most Active Member" award is and playground equipment. These com- determined by a point system. Points mittees are responsible for the safety are given for attendance at meetings, program at school and they get 100 per- assistance at money making activities, cent cooperation from the other mem- dues paid by specified date, major committee work, trips outside of class bers. (Bo Weaver, Reporter) FFA The annual FFA rodeo is fun, but it's time, and owning his jacket. own FFA also plenty of hard work for everyone. The award includes a trophy for the OHIO—The Triway FFA Chapter spon- winner and is presented at the banquet. was elected queen. (Mike Davis, Re- sors its own exchange student program. A chart showing the points of each porter) This exchange has been going on for member is posted in the vo-ag class- several years between Wayne County room. These points are posted by the advisor or officers. where Triway is located and Cuyahoga Any member can MINNESOTA—Twenty-one FFA'ers County. see how he ranks with other members. from Forest Lake walked over 30 miles This year David Chrencik, from Kenneth Kittleson is the most recent to the St. Paul campus to the opening Cuyahoga Heights (a Cleveland suburb) award winner with 238 points. His at- session of the Minnesota FFA Conven- came to stay on the farm of James tendance was perfect, both for meetings tion. Each of the participants in the all activities. Baker. James is a junior at Triway and and major fund raising "Walk for Development" was sponsored will go to Cuyahoga Heights for a week He was elected chapter president for by Forest Lake businessmen. Over S400 next year. next year. (Clarence Hall, Advisor) was raised that will be used to purchase

Dave is a senior, a member of the seed and livestock for devloping coun- school choir, drama club, and is on the tries. High School Chapter Advisor Lee TEXAS The Brownwood Chapter h*ld varsity golf club. He plans to major in — Sandager. will personally see that the its Second Annual Rodeo this spring mathematics in college. FFA'ers' contribution will be put into and entertained over 1,800 people. The main purpose of the exchange good use as he will spend two years on The first day's activities were for program is to give a city or urban stu- an agricultural development program in the local schools. The main attraction dent (preferably a junior or senior) a Africa. was the faculty goat milking contest. chance to stay with a farm family and Advisor Sandager started the project Faculty members from the senior high, attend school for a week. He will be by agreeing to sponsor the chapter presi- junior high, and elementary schools asked to help with chores and partici- dent $1.00 per mile. Three groups of were invited to compete in this event. pate in family activities. supporters and participants developed. The object is to see who can race to A student from Triway High School Group A was labeled "ambitious" since one end of the arena where the goats in Wooster is given the opportunity to they started at Forest Lake and walked are tied and get milk in a bottle. Then live with the city family in the spring. the entire trip. Group B was labeled back to the starting line. "better late than never." They started All the surrounding chapters were from Hugo—9 miles and 2 hours later. invited to the second day of the rodeo. An urban exchange student gets a look Group C was "careful with the feet but Twenty-five nearby chapters competed. at a dairy operation from the work end. generous with the money." Also a parade and queen contest were held the second day. Monica Dos Santos, exchange student from Brazil, These FFA members pledged their feet or money toward stamping out hunger. Fhoto by Minneapolis Star 2

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Ruby Mountain, Nevada, buys potatoes grown by AVOID members and sells them throughout the country. THE RUSH Order 1970 Official FFA Calendars EVERYONE knows it takes money firewood from their tree farm. They The National FUTURE FARMER to do things nowadays. It takes netted $105 on a fryer project of 150 P. O. Box 15130 money to operate an active, en- birds they raised, processed, and sold. Alexandria. Virginia 22309 thusiastic FFA chapter, too! And, they sold $50.00 of apple cider. Fund raising activities of local chap- The Colfax, Washington, FFA sold ters are a significant part of the year's V/i tons of walnuts and one-half ton of program. Most chapters like to find a filberts. Columbia, Washington held a all Official FOR successful fund-raiser that all members scrap drive and earned $80.00 from 6'/2 can help with and enjoy, plus one that tons. Harrington, Washington sold works. Christmas trees. Here are some ideas that have been The Evergreen, Washington, FFA FFA put test to the by local FFA Chapters. really had the projects. They sold chap- MERCHANDISE The Gervais, Oregon, FFA Chapter ter-grown Chrysanthemums at $1.00 per catches 10,000 chickens an evening for plant. Bob Warner won a wristwatch three evenings and adds $210 to their and $31.00 for a high sales of 125 chapter treasury. Members catch and plants. Also, the chapter produced and load broilers onto trucks for trip to extracted honey netting $200 and sales slaughter. of flower bulbs earned $325. Winter In Iowa, the Griswold FFA has been sales included scented candles and plowing and discing gardens to make Christmas wreaths. money for the last two years. Members Several other Washington chapters work after school and on Saturday; they conducted pre-holiday turkey drawings. provide the equipment. They set a price Bellingham-Meridian, Washington, sold according to size and how difficult the $175 worth of poinsettias. SEE YOUR garden is to plow. The project is not a In Missouri, the Salem FFA Chapter real big money-maker, but it doubles has been successful in raising money CHAPTER CATALOGUE as a community service. by sponsoring boxing, eight to ten bouts Mickey Thomas, reporter of the each night, for three Fridays. Sales of ORDER FROM Winnfield, Louisiana, Chapter, writes popcorn, soda, and admissions have that his chapter sponsors an annual pub- netted about $690 per year. They've FUTURE FARMERS lic auction. They sell farm, auto, and been doing it for 22 years. sports equipment, plus home and gar- Although many chapters sell Christ- SUPr Y SERVICE den supplies. The chapter gets 10 per- mas trees, Cole Camp, Missouri, FFA cent of all sales. He also added it takes snow flocked theirs and took in $1,900. Alexandria, Va. 22309 lots of work by the members and Many chapters know about the suc- advisor. cess and fun of a donkey basketball Owned and operated by the Some chapters have several money- game. Cabot, Arkansas, FFA had one making schemes. The Cathlamet, Wash- this spring. Wachusett, Massachusetts, Future Farmers of America ington, Chapter harvested 15 cords of made $438 on theirs.

38 The National FUTURE FARMER Raise Registered LIVESTOCK

HAMPSHIRES.. ^fcf^ ^Hr Top Qua '/ Carconei ^W Early Maturing and Means Write for free list of Breeden The American Hampshire Sheep Assn. Stuart, Iowa By Jack Pitzer

TRY A DORSET Horned or Polled Go with the breed that is going places—The breed with built in characteristics that no other breed has * * - unless by scientific means. SHEEPMEN are getting A wise to the ability of the DORSET U ~JR ?Yas Write for more information and breeders list CONTINENTAL DORSET CLUB. Box 97. Hickory. Chapter farms bring in plenty ot cash Pa. 15340 for conducting local chapter program.

CHEVIOTS have what it takes: • To survive lambing hazards; ** * To develop desirable carcass Another very popular activity is a cutout, and tool boxes. weights on milk and gran alone; fm slave auction—many letters are received In Alabama, Advisor Shellhorse of • To impart these qualities to less L*2 fortunate breedi through crossing. at The National FUTURE FARMER Arab FFA told me his chapter sold Write today for interesting free booklet. telling of extremely successful chapter subscriptions to the local newspaper. American Cheviot Sheep Society Box 18, Lafayette Hill, Pa 19444 slave auctions. The individual member made some To stimulate interest in the Helena, money, as did the chapter, on each sale. Montana, FFA slave sale, they ran a Some chapters have made plenty by SEND newspaper ad. It listed the slaves i.e.: sponsoring rodeos—and had fun, too. FOR THIS ¥REE? 2 old Lot No. —John Murphy, 15-year Shiprock, New Mexico expected to Make money. Know bow to break and train horses and ponies. Send freshman, 5'5", 125 lbs., walks, talks, sell 288 boxes of candy. Monument name and zip-code for this free booklet with special offer of a course multiplies one-digit numbers. Lot In Animal Breeding, tf you are Inter- and Mountain, Massachusetts, FFA sold ested in Galtln? and Riding the saddle horse 35 check. ( ). Do It today! No. —Rem Mannix, advisor, a steal vegetable seedlings to local gardeners. Write to BEERY School of HORSEMANSHIP at any price. sales is Garden seed a very popular 2028, Pleasant Hill, Ohio 45359 Delavan, Minnesota, Chapter is of- project. Ridgeway, Illinois, had a seed fering rural residents a to re- chance sales contest. Ended it with a ham supper place worn out mail box installations. —ham furnished by loosing sales team. Change of Address Cyrus, Minnesota is selling mail box Griswold, Iowa is selling certified oats. If you are moving, please let us know markers. The North Summit, Utah, FFA held promptly so you will continue to receive your magazine without interruption. Fill Here's a new one. Buffalo, Minne- a cake baking contest and auctioned off in your new address below and mail to sota, FFA is sponsoring aerial colored the cakes at their FFA sweetheart us along with the address label from the photos of 100 farmsteads in the area. dance. The top cake brought $60.00. last issue of your magazine. They then sell these pictures. Of course, hundreds of chapters have Foley, Minnesota, held a raffle. Tod corn or test plots. Menno, South Da- To Subscribe prize was "Beautena," the FFA calf. kota, FFA decided that would be the Keep The National FUTURE FARMER com- Other prizes were calf starter pen, pig best way for them to make extra money ings-even after you are out of high school. Fill in your name and address be- and learn something, too. Scotland. low and mail this form with your pay- South Dakota rented 10-acre plots two ment. Enclose $2.00 for three years; 75 in addition to their regular plot. cents for one year. If you are renewing attach label Prize money can fill a void in a chap- your subscription, address from your last magazine. ter treasury. Miller, South Dakota, won $250 from the Pheasants Unlimited /nh , program. i Attach address label The Official FFA Calendar program from your last includes a provision for chapters to add to their treasury. Chapters get a local magazine here) sponsor, the chapter gets 25 percent commission. Cassopolis, Michigan. FFA This is a and Mansfield, Arkansas, FFA are just (check appropriate blank) two of the hundreds of participating -Subscription order chapters. .1 year 3 years Other sales items include: canvas hog .Change of address slappers; SMV signs; pizza; pancakes; Mail To: The National FUTURE FARMER bar-b-que chicken, beef, or pork; soil P.O. Box 15130 testing service (particularly for lawns Alexandria. Virginia 22309 in urban areas); lawn care service; car Name wash; umpire services at local ballpark: Route- -Box No. "Your harvester demonstrated okay on show boxes: show gates; azaleas; home- City the north forty. Now let's try it on the coming corsages; pine cones: dried seed east forty" pods; and a billion others. State- -Zip Code_ 39 .

Free for You A THESE materials are free! You can get a single copy of any or all of them by mailing the coupon below. Just circle Problem the items you want and send your complete address.

— Solve Prob- And A 85 Innovations Help Farm lems—Many of the advances made by agricultural researchers in solving the problems of the American farmer are Solution revealed in this colorful, 28-page booklet. The topics covered include the de- velopments in livestock disease, control feeding, crop yields, and weed control, the chapter). Some of the guys wanted and a broad look at the future of world's to decline this commission and let the chemical research in solving the sponsor pay a lower cost, but that idea food problem. (Elanco Products Com- was turned down. We understand, pany) though, that many chapters around do 86—Growing Walnuts for Profit— Members who visit the National Center it that way. appointed Where to grow walnuts on a farm, can learn about the Official Calendar The Calendar Committee we was on the ball. And, they had taken how to gather seeds and store them, and program and how to use it effectively. wal- the initiative to make up a list of po- methods of planting and caring for tential sponsors for our chapter. We nut trees are just some of the items dis- in 16 narrowed it down to two. Well, they cussed in this booklet. Included THE local FFA chapter didn't know didn't even have to go to the second pages of easy to understand descriptions, what to do. The chapter had lots of one, 'cause Mr. Gill thought those FFA complete with diagrams and photos, are things going, but there wasn't much Calendars were real fine. He ordered several suggestions for handling walnut outside interest in the FFA chapter. 200. timber. (The American Walnut Manu- The chapter had lots of members. The deal is complete now. We sent facturers Association) Most of them were typical—liked to in the order to The National FUTURE participate in the judging contests and FARMER, P. O. Box 15130, Alexan- 87—Moldboard Plows—Do you want livestock shows. They had a 25 acre dria, Virginia, right after Mr. Gill signed to learn everything about a plow from farm near town in corn and soybeans it. He said he wanted to get his Calen- the angle of the shares to the shape and had built picnic tables for the local dars before Christmas. And we knew of the moldboard? Then, this 24-page full park. But, still, it seemed like the same that we'd better get the order in early booklet with black and white and handful of people were the ones inter- (before school started) so it could be color photos is for you. In addition, it ested in their program. processed and delivered on time. Mr. explains operation of the various types Then, one summer the chapter presi- Gill will not be billed until after the of plows and optional, specialized dent attended a meeting and heard Calendars arrive. We will go help him equipment. (J. I. Case Company) about a way the chapter could create distribute them to his best customers. public awareness. He came back to one A year later. We really found out 88—Advertising: A Career of Action— of the summer meetings and told us that those FFA Calendars we used last This 24-page booklet tells how you can about using the Official FFA Calendar year helped. We've had several business- prepare for an exciting career in ad- program. He said he'd heard that these men give us a hand with our farm. vertising while still in high school and Calendars were real nice looking ones And Mr. Dunn, our advisor, said he college. The well-illustrated booklet that would give some class to our image. thought it helped encourage two boys also explains what type of person is So, we sent for a Calendar Kit and got to take vo-ag. needed in this diversified area and the some samples of FFA Calendars. They Some of my fellow FFA members entire scope of the field of advertising. did look pretty good. We appointed a on the Calendar Committee (I decided (American Association of Advertising committee to check this program out. to go ahead and accept the chairman- Agencies)

The next meeting they reported. ship 'cause I think it's a pretty good There were three kinds of Calendars activity) have been talking about the 87 88 and three ways we could participate. We idea of our chapter having a Plan B 85 86 chose the next year. like to give some- Home and Office style Calen- order We'd Send to: dar since it to people in our area had 12 color pictures and a thing those who The National FUTURE FARMER size. Gill can nice We heard that the Weaver have helped us out. Then. Mr. P.O. Box 15130 Chapter used In the Desk Calendars in continue to sponsor Calendars,- too. Alexandria, Virginia 22309 their sci A offices and the Poster style fact, I just may order a Plan C Poster in the claims or public places. But, Calendar myself. That's the way indi- Name we figured e'd better start with one vidual members can get Calendars. Box No style the first > If you want to get the facts about this Route Since we didn have lots of extra activity for your chapter, send for them City. . money in our treasury, we decided to at our national FFA magazine.

is factual, . use the Plan A part of the Calendar Although this story the State Zip . . program. This we could get a local fictitious. It is built upon way names are Offer not good after help with the received business sponsor to cost typical comments we have October 31, 1969 (and even make 25% commission for from participating chapters.

40 The National FUTURE FARMER m J'

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If the previous question is called without qualifications, only the imme- Leesburg, Virginia Costs 50 dollars when cow misses one service- diately pending question is affected. If Q. What determines whether you vote feed, care, overhead, loss of milk. on the previous question? Is it done it is desired to close debate and vote REX WHEAT on all pending questions, then it is nec- when a member calls for the previous GERM OIL will help settle repeat breeders, or your money back essary to so state. question or is it when there is more discussion Send tor booklets- VIOBIN A two-thirds vote is required to pass when the president asks for Kansas State University tests. iticello. Illinois SUSS it? the previous question. It is also unde- batable, unamendable, and requires a D. A. Jenkins second. The previous question may be FOR YOUR HOME reconsidered before any vote has been A. The previous question is used when a member is attempting to stop debate, CHAPTER taken under it. OR ROOM thereby bringing the motion, or mo- The proper way for a member to A binder to hold copies of your tions, to a vote. state the motion is, "I move the previ- National Magazine. ous question on (state the motion or Ezel, Kentucky motions on which it is desired to be ordered)." Q. When a member moves to appeal from the decision of the chair, should After this motion receives a second, the president ask the vice president to the president may state, "The previous assume the duties of the chair while question is moved. This motion is un- he states why he made the ruling he debatable, unamendable, and requires a did? two-thirds vote. Those supporting the • Dark blue with gold lettering A nthony Patrick motion please rise. Those opposed • Holds up to 18 issues please rise. The vote is (15) for and A. No. The president should remain in • (4) against. There being a two-thirds Issues easily inserted and his station. Stating why he made the majority in favor, the motion carries removed individually. ruling he did is merely giving informa- and the previous question is called. We S3.00 Each—2 for $5.00 tion to the group and is not considered will now vote on the main motion Send check or money order to: ." as debate or discussion on the ruling. that . . The National Future Farmer Sometimes FFA members have the Do you have a question on parliamen- P.O. Box 15130 erroneous impression that using the tary procedure? If so, you can get a Alexandria, Virginia 22309 previous question is not fully demo- direct reply from Dr. Gray, and your $3.00 Each 2 for $5.00 cratic. The previous question is demo- question may be selected for use in this cratic. The minority group has had an column. Name Answers are based upon "Parliamen- opportunity to express itself. Since the tary Guide for FFA" by Dr. Jarrell D. privilege of members is involved, a Route Box No Gray. For direct replies, send your ques- two-thirds vote is required which is tions to Parliamentary Procedure, The in keeping ' with the democratic process National FUTURE FARMER, Box City of parliamentary procedure. By using 15130, Alexandria, Virginia 22309. En- the previous question, then, a group close a self-addressed, stamped envelope. State Zip August-September, 1969 41 HEAR 4X3& fJB

"Man overboard," shouted the sea- Fred: "My uncle has the laziest man. rooster in the world." Whistles shrilled, bells clanged, and Bill: "How can you tell?" "I was in a terrible predicament yes- people shouted. At last the liner came Fred: "Well, he never crows at sun- terday morning," Jim said. to a stop. rise. He just waits until some other "How was that?" asked Tim. rooster crowing, then he "Well, I late. The seaman rushed to the captain does the and came home My father just nods his head." heard and yelled out asked what and saluted. "Sorry, sir," he gasped, me and "I've made a mistake." Janelle Olson time it was. I told him it was only 12 Springer, New Mexico o'clock. Just then the cuckoo clock sang "Thank goodness for thai!" said the out three times. I had to stand there captain and he ordered full speed ahead. The Bible school students were telling and cuckoo nine more times." "Yes, sir," said the seaman, "It was why they came. Windier Schweer a woman." "To learn more about the Bible," Covington, Oklahoma Thomas LaNance said one. Auburn, California "Mother made me," stated another. Teacher: "What excuse do you have Then one pointed to the preacher's for not handing in your assignment?" Jim: "Did have luck your you any on son and said, "He had to come 'cause Student: "Well, I made an airplane hunting trip?" his Daddy owns this place." out of it, and someone hijacked it to Joe: "I'll say I did. I shot 17 geese." Clifton Hawks Cuba." Jim: "Were they wild?" Blackstone, Virginia James Lisowe Joe: "No, but the lady who owned Malone, Wisconsin was." them Professor, "When a baby swallows a Tommy Hopson coin, what should you do?" Jim: "Did you hear about the little Afton, Tennessee Premed student, "Call the tax collec- boy who got lost in the big department tor. He can get money out of anybody." store?" A man reading birth statistics in a Loren Senst Mike: "Nope, what happened to public library turned to his friend after Ptainview, Minnesota him?" some quick calculations and stated, Jim: "The policeman found him and "Every time I breathe, someone dies." Not only is a rocking chair a pretty asked him why he didn't hold on to His friend replied, "Would you mind safe means of getting back and forth, his mother's skirt. He replied, 'I couldn't breathing in the other direction." there are also no back seat drivers. reach that high'." Ronnie Harper Myrtle Johnson Joseph Blash, Jr. Danburg, Georgia Jim Falls, Wisconsin Montrose, Georgia

At a recent FFA banquet, the after- Charlie, the Creenhand dinner speaker (who was renown for *£Z3 his long speeches) said, "After such a wonderful repast as this, I believe I

would be unable to speak if I ate one more bite!" At that instant, an unknown in the audience bellowed, "Bring him a sand- wich, quick!" W. D. Bradley Stratford, Oklahoma

They say that women are smarter than men. But, did you ever see a man wearing a shirt that buttons down the back? Danny Huebel Ellsworth, Wisconsin

Virgil: "Say, Bill, can you tell me why there are fewer railroad accidents than automobile accidents?"

Bill: "Well, it might be because the engineer isn't always hugging the fire- men." "My lunches are great since the 'Pizza Palace' began Danny Allen making free deliveries." Apple Grove, West Virginia

The National Future Farmer will pay SI.00 for each ioke selected for publication on this page. Jokes must be ttumitted on post cards addressed to The National Future Farmer, Alexandria, Virginia 22309. In case 42 of duplication, payment will be made for the first one received. Contributions cannot be acknowledged or returned. TRADITION

don Mcdonald

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SSminmSS I R WRITE FOR THE NAME OF YOUR NEAREST DEALER WESTEDN STATES 1137 TONY LAMA ST. • EL PASO, TEXAS 79915 Maybe you're missing s this ft r«

(Up to 3 extra tons of hay a day.)

This brand-new because . . 14"x 18" Hayliner" baler practically you're missing eliminates field loss. 120 closely spaced teeth go over a field like a fine-tooth comb. {Su- per-Sweep is standard on wire-tie this. models, optional at extra cost on twine tie models.) Not much hay gets missed Tons more get baled.

The fact is, the New Holland "273" (Exclusive Super-Sweep pickup— 120 gives you "more" in a lot of ways: bale shape in all crops, teeth to qet the short, fine cuttings.) • Good all conditions, even when baling at high speed, thanks to new, better Flow-Action® feeding system. • Consistent tying by the precision knotter, rated tops by experienced baler owners. Thousands of bales without a miss! • Overall ruggedness—from the roller chain on the pickup drive to the reinforced bale chamber. A hard-working machine that gets by with minimum upkeep.

If you also bale for others, or have rough baling conditions, ask your New Holland dealer about the heavy-duty Hayliner 275. Every- thing just said about the "273" goes for the "275." And Super- Sweep is standard equipment. New Holland Division of Sperry Rand Corporation.

^'SPER^Y RAf\D