Lobethal Valley of Praise (1983)
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E H L alley of Praise' . G. YOUNG A. AEUCKENS A heritage survey carried out for the South Australian Department of A. GREEN Environment and ...Pianning .by .the· South Australian Centre for Settlement Stu.dies S. NIKIAS LOB£THAL (Valley of Praise) A report of a joint research project by the School of Architecture, S.A. Institute of Technology and the Department of Geography, Adelaide College of the Arts and Education, for the South Australian Department of Environment and Planning. Gordon Young Annely Aeuckens Annette Green Sozo Nikias Copyright: Heritage Conservation Branch Dept. of Environment and Planning National Library of Australia Card Number and ISBN: 0 7243 6167 7 Published 1983 by South Australian Centre for (Cover illustration Frontispiece) Settlement Studies. All rights reserved. Printed in Australia. No part of this publication may be Lobethal Tweed Factory reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the pub Usher. Available from Teahsearah Ina., S.A.I.T. North Terrace, Adelaide, S.A. 5000. i THE AUTHORS The following people were responsible for writing the report. Their names appear in the contents pages against their respective chapters. A. Aeuckens B.A., Historian. M. Butler B.A.(Hons.), Lecturer in Geography, A.C.A.E. A. L. Green B.Arch., Research Architect. B. Y. Harper B.A.(Hons.}, M.T.P., Senior Lecturer in Planning and Landscape, S.A.I .T. R. Linn B.A.(Hons.), Tutor in History, University of Adelaide. C. Loan B.Arch., Senior project architect, Public Buildings Department (S.A.) s. Nikias B.Arch., Research Architect. H.R. Pearce B.A.(Hons.), M.A., Dip.Ed., M.A.C.E., Lecturer in General Studies, S.A.I.T. R. We 11 s Mines Historian. G. Young F.R.A.I.A., A.R.I.B.A., Senior Lecturer in Architecture, S.A.I.T. Gordon Young suggested the form of the report. Sozo Nikias and Annette Green were responsible for the graphic design and Annely Aeuckens was responsible for the historical research. Annette Green and Gordon Young were responsible for the final editing of the report. ii CONTENTS PART ONE- LOBETHAL TOWNSHIP Plan types and constructional 91 techniques used in the early Preface 2 German buildings in Lobethal. A graphic and photographic record 94 I n trod uc t ion 3 of the early settlers' houses and commercial premises which still Recommendations 6 remain in Lobethal. List of historic properties in Lobethal 8 S. Nikias G. Young CHAPTER Lobethal 's historical development 13 CHAPTER 4 Lobethal's townscape and the 125 A brief chronological summary to planning controls required for 1940 and a discussion of the main the retention of the town's historical events and themes. cultural heritage A graphic and photographic record 28 of Lobethal in the late nineteenth C. Loan and early twentieth century B.Y. Harper A. Aeuckens PART TWO - LOBETHAL ENVIRONS CHAPTER 2 Lobethal's physical geography and 65 Recommendations 136 its economic development in the nineteenth century List of historic properties in the Lobethal 1 38 environs M. Butler CHAPTER 5 Early hamlets and farmhouses in 143 CHAPTER 3 Lobethal's town development and 81 the Lobethal environs its early German buildings Settlements at Neudorf, Schoenthal Early 'hufen' layout. Early German and Tabor Val ley. Studies of farmhouses, and early commercial and early German farm buildings. industrial premises with German Settlements at Charleston and 168 characteristics. The 'anglicisation' Springhead. Studies of early of the town's late 19th century Eng! ish and German farm buildings. bui 1dings, iii CONTEIHS (Cent' d) ... Other German farmhouses in the 213 Acknowledgements 309 Lobethal environs. Drawing Credits 310 A. Green R. Linn Graphic and Photographic Credits 311 S. Nikias G. Young S.A. I. T. Architecture Students APPENDIX A A detailed chronological table of 227 historical events to 1940, tables of land ownerships, 1856-61, and population comparisons, 1881-1961. A. Aeuckens APPENDIX B Statistical information on population 277 cultural background and dwellings for 1971 and 1976. B.Y. Harper APPENDIX C A history of mining in the Lobethal 281 area. R. Wells APPENDIX D The hop kiln in Australia and its 283 significance in the Lobethal area. H.R. Pearce Bibliography 303 iv LOBETHAL ILLUSTRATIONS PART ONE - LOBETHAL TOWNSHIP View 5 Looking north-east from No. 28 Lenswood Road (about 1900) 35 Location of Lobethal The Onkaparinga Woollen Mills Shop in 1981 36 Map 1 - Lobetha 1 1975-81 5 Drawings of No. 4 Main Road, originally CHAPTER F.W. Kleinschmidt's stable 37 Map 2 - Lobethal 1861-1920 29 Drawings of No. 6 Main Road, original cellar to F.W. Kleinschmidt's house 38 View Kleinschmidt's brewery in the 1860's 30 View 6 Looking north-east from Mill Road View Lobethal Tweed Factory in the 1870's 30 in 1892 39 View Lobethal Wool len Mills early 1900's 30 View 7 Looking north-east from Mill Road in the 1870's 40 Aerial view of Onkaparinga Woollen Mills in 1940's 30 View 8 Looking east from Mi 11 Road in the 1870's 41 View 2 Lobethal Wool len Mill 1880-90 31 St. John's Lutheran Church in 1933 42 View 3 Close-up of F.W. Kleinschmidt's Hop Kiln (about 1390) 32 An early photograph (1870's) of the Seminary built in 1845 and the first manse built in View 3 A later view of F.W. Kleinschmidt's 1842 42 Hop Kilns after addition of second kiln 32 A view of the new manse shortly after it was F.W. Kleinschmidt and his hop-pickers 32 built in 1867 42 Mr. Miller's Hop Kiln at Neudorf 1981 32 A modern view of the Seminary now located in the Lobethal Historical Museum 42 Hop growing on the Mueller's property at Neudorf in the late 19th century 33 F. Mueller's new Lutheran School in 1850 43 View 4 Looking north between Lenswood and F. Mueller and Pupils in the 1870's 44 Woodside Road in 1892 34 The General Store in the 1870's 45 v LOBETHAL ILLUSTRATIONS ( Cont' d) ... Dry Cleaners (original General Store) in 1981 45 View 12 Looking west from Main Street to Mill Road in the 1870's 57 View 9 Looking north along Mill Road (about 1900) 46 View 13 Looking south down Main Street in the 1870's 58 No. 54 Mill Road showing original settlers' half-timbered cottage 47 The 'new' Alma Hotel in 1885 59 No. 50 Mi 11 Road 47 The Alma Hotel in 1981 59 Drawings of No. 54 Mi 11 Road 48-49 Pupils outside the new District School (about 1870) 60 Drawings of No. 50 Hi 11 Road 50 View 14 Looking east from Woodside Road View 10 Looking south down Main Street in after heavy snowstorm 2nd July 1901 61 the 1870's 51 View down the hufe of allotment 1 Sect. 5124 61 View 11 Looking north along Main Street in the 1870's 52 Examples of Lobethal 's 19th and 20th century commercial and industrial development 62-63 19th century workers' cottages, No. 81 Main Street 53 No. 94 Main Street (originally a butcher's shop) Early settlers' slab hut behind No. 87 Main Street 53 P.O. Koehne's bootmaker shop (No. 48 and 50 Main Street) Late 19th century brick stable behind the Rising Sun Hotel 53 No. 112 Main Street (remains of Schubert's fruit drying works) The Rising Sun Hotel, 1981 53 The derelict brick making kilns of the Drawings of No. 81 Main Street 54 Lobethal Brick Company Drawings of No. 87 Main Street 55 A Kumnick cricket bat Drawings of No. 87 Main Street (ear 1y Kumnick's joinery shop in about 1900 settlers' slab hut) 56 Kumnick's cricket bat works in the 1930's vi LOBETHAL ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd) ... CHAPTER 2 Front elevation Fig. A Major Geological Features 76 Rear e 1eva t ion Fig. B Topography 77 Ground level cellar Fig. C Aerial perspective of Lobethal 78 Drawings of No. 24 Gumeracha Road 101 Fig. D Model of the 19th century economic No. 5 Woodside Road 102-103 development 79 Elevation to road showing verandah CHAPTER 3 Double leaf front doors Map 3 - Lobetha 1 1855 survey showing hufendorf p 1an 82 Window to side elevation Land ownership records for the original Verandah with cellar access on side settlers of lobethal (1842) 83 Window to front elevation Early Settlers' Houses 95 Drawings of No. 5 Woodside Road 104-105 No. 47 Woodside Road large ground level cellar and loft, No. 139 Main Street No. 122 Main Street 107 No. 119 Main Street Bakeoven and Smokehouse, No. 47 Woodside Road 107 Drawings of No. 1 Woodside Road 96 Comparative Study of Cellars 108 Drawings of No. 47 Woodside Road 97-98 No. 122 Main Street Drawings of No. 139 Main Street 99 No. 24 Gumeracha Road No. 24 Gumeracha Road 100 No. 54 Mill Road T & R Preuss outside No. 24 No. 17 Gumeracha Road Gumeracha Road 1981 No. 34 Mill Road vii LOBETHAL ILLUSTRATIONS (Cont'd) ... Constructional study of cellar, Comb patterned wattle and daub panel, No. 122 Main Street 109 No. 28 Lenswood Road 115 Study of Bakeovens 11 0 G.l. roof set over original shingle roof with clay insulation, No. 47 Woodside Road 115 No. 47 Woodside Road Ashlar lined render over half-timber framing No. 28 Lenswood Road to farmhouse on Section 5176, Hd. Onkaparinga 115 Drawings of Kitchen/Bakehouse, 111 Examples of timber framed barns 116 No.