Conservation Area 21 Sea Mills Character Appraisal & Management Proposals

January 2011 www..gov.uk/conservationareas CLIFTON & Character Appraisal CONTENTS

1. Introduction p. 1 2. Planning Policy Context p. 1 3. Location & setting p. 2 4. Summary of Character & Special Interest p. 5 4a Main Characteristics of the Garden Suburb p. 6 4b Main Threats to the Character of the Garden Suburb p. 7 5. Historic Development & Archaeology p. 8 6. Spatial Analysis 6.1 Routes & Spaces p. 18 6.2 views p. 26 6.3 Landmark Buildings p. 28 7. Character Analysis 7.1 Overview & Character Areas p. 33 7.1.1 Area 1 - North of Westbury Lane & Lux Furlong p. 35 7.1.2 Area 2a - North of The Crescent p. 38 7.1.3 Area 2b - Sea Mills Square p. 41 7.1.4 Area 2c - The Dorlonco Houses p. 44 7.1.5 Area 3 - and River p. 47  7.2 Architecture p. 50 7.3 garden Suburb Housing Types p. 52 7.4 Relative Merit of Unlisted Buildings p. 64 7.5 Townscape Details p. 67 7.6 Landscape p. 68 8. Negative Features p. 71 9. Management Proposals p. 75 10. Statement of Community Involvement p. 79 11. Local Guidance, Publications & Sources of Further Information p. 80 12. gLOSSAry 12.1 Glossary of Architectural Terms p. 81 12.2 Glossary of Planning Policy Terms p. 85 12.3 Garden Suburb Glossary p. 88

i CLIFTON & HOTWELLS MapsCharacter & Illustrations Appraisal

Maps Map 1 Sea Mills Conservation Area within the local context p. 4 Map 2 Routes & Spaces p. 23 Map 3 Landmark Buildings p. 29 Map 4 Overview of Character Areas p. 34 Map 4a: Character Area 1 p. 35 Map 4b: Character Area 2a p. 38 Map 4c: Character Area 2b p. 41 Map 4d: Character Area 2c p. 44 Map 4e: Character Area 3 p. 47 Map 5 Garden Suburb Housing Types p. 53 Map 6 Relative Merit of Unlisted Buildings p. 66 Map 7/8 Contemporary Plans of northern/southern parts of Sea Mills p. 95

Figures Figure 1 Sea Mills Garden Suburb in its current context p. 3 Figure 2 Clack Mill early 20th century p. 8 Figure 3 Sea Mills Dock, showing Riverside House. Samuel Jackson c. 1823 p. 9 Figure 4 Map of Estates belonging to Edward Southwell by Isaac Taylor 1772 p. 10 Figure 5 Sketch for Unwin’s pamphlet Nothing Gained by Overcrowding!, 1912 p. 11 Figure 6 Tudor Walters Diagramatic Layout p. 12 Figure 7 Dening’s Master Plan for Sea Mills from the Architects’ Journal 1920 p. 13 Figure 8 Plan of northern part of Sea Mills Garden Suburb, 1928 p. 14 Figure 9 Addison’s Oak, Sea Mills Square p. 14 Figure 10 Woodleaze c. 1923 p. 15 Figure 11 Aerial photograph of Sea Mills Garden Suburb, July 1935 p. 15 Figure 12 A. Hugh Mottram sketch and OS detail of Sea Mills Square p. 18 Figure 13 Terminated view - St Edyth’s Road looking towards Methodist Church p. 19 Figure 14 Secondary centre where Sunny Hill and Dingle View meet Coombe Dale p. 19 Figure 15 Coombe Dale properties p. 20 Figure 16 Typical house plots diagram p. 20 Figure 17 Key-hole cul-de-sac diagram p. 21 Figure 18 Views across corners diagram p. 21 Figure 19 Terminated views diagram p. 21 Figure 20 Minor centres / “squares’ diagram p. 22 Figure 21 Glimpses / views between houses along rear building line diagram p. 23 Figure 22 Glimpses / views between houses diagram p. 23 Figure 23 Elements of Garden Suburb design in Sea Mills diagram p. 23 Figure 24 Views across the River Trym p. 26

ii1. Figure 25 Long view into Sea Mills from Westbury on Trym © Tim Wallis p. 26 Figure 26 View framed by houses p. 27 Figure 27 View of St Edyth’s Church Tower p. 27 Figure 28 St Edyth’s Church p. 28 Figure 29 Sea Mills Methodist Church p. 28 Figure 30 Sea Mills Library p. 28 Figure 31 Iron Bridge (former Progress Inn) PH p. 29 Figure 32 Sea Mills Farmhouse, Bowerleaze p. 29 Figure 33 Riverside House, Sea Mills Lane p. 29 Figure 34 Sea Mills Junior School, constructed 1928 p. 29 Figure 35 Junior School second block, constructed 1931 p. 29 Figure 36 Infants School, off Hallen Drive p. 30 Figure 37 Old Signal Station p. 30 Figure 38 New Signal Station p. 30 Figure 39 Sea Mills Station Booking Hall p. 30 Figure 40 Grade II listed Harbour Walls p. 31 Figure 41 Edwardian House, Westbury Lane p. 36 Figure 42 Road Houses p. 36 Figure 43 Haig Close p. 37 Figure 44 Westbury Lane p. 39 Figure 45 Hallen Drive/Westbury Lane p. 39 Figure 46 Coombe Dale enclosed open space p. 40 Figure 47 Original drawing of Sea Mills Square shops p. 42 Figure 48 Dingle Close tennis courts p. 42 Figure 49 St Edyth’s Road houses p. 43 Figure 50 Tree-lined Woodleaze p. 44 Figure 51 Sea Mills Junior School with the tower of St Edyth’s Church behind p. 45 Figure 52 18th century cottage, Sea Mills Lane p. 48 Figure 53 Trym Valley viewed from Trym Cross Road p. 48 Figure 54 View through Portway Bridge towards Line and Avon beyond p. 49 Figure 55 View across Sea Mills Dock p. 49 Figure 56 Typical Garden Suburb architecture, Coombe Dale p. 50 Figure 57 Original Crittall windows and neo-classical door surround p. 51 Figure 58 Shopfront, Sea Mills Square p. 51 Figure 59 DLA2 p. 54 Figure 60 DLA5 p. 54 Figure 61 DLA6 p. 55 Figure 62 DLB2 p. 55 Figure 63 DLB5 p. 56 Figure 64 DLC5 p. 56

1.iii CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

Figure 65 DLD5 p. 57 Figure 66 CBA5 p. 57 Figure 67 CBE5 p. 58 Figure 68 CNA2 p. 58 Figure 69 CNA5 p. 59 Figure 70 HBA5 p. 59 Figure 71 MGB2 p. 60 Figure 72 MGD2 p. 60 Figure 73 WDA5 p. 61 Figure 74 WDB5 p. 61 Figure 75 WSA2 p. 62 Figure 76 WSB2 p. 62 Figure 77 St Edyth’s Road type p. 63 Figure 78 Sea Mills Station House p. 64 Figure 79 George VI post box p. 67 Figure 80 K6 telephone kiosk p. 67 Figure 81 Lamp standard, Sea Mills Square p. 67 Figure 82 Original street sign p. 67 Figure 83 Telegraph pole p. 67 Figure 84 Landscape setting p. 68 Figure 85 Privet hedges p. 68 Figure 86 Recreation Ground p. 69 Figure 87 Green corridor, Brookleaze p. 70 Figure 88 Trym Valley p. 70

iv SEA MILLS CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal

1. Introduction 2. Planning Policy Context

1.1 A conservation area is ‘an area of special 2.1 Planning Policy Statement 5 (March 2010) architectural or historic interest, the sets out the Government’s national policies character or appearance of which it is relating to the historic environment. This desirable to preserve or enhance’ (Planning document underpins the local planning (Listed Buildings & Conservation Areas) Act, policy framework and is the foundation upon 1990). which the local authority will assess schemes affecting the historic environment. 1.2 Since the designation of the first conservation areas in 1970, Bristol City Council has 2.2 In exercising its planning functions in a undertaken a comprehensive programme conservation area, the local planning of conservation area designation, extension authority is under a duty to pay “special and policy development. There are now attention to the desirability of preserving 33 conservation areas in Bristol, covering or enhancing the character or appearance” approximately 30% of the city. of the area (s.72 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990). Bristol’s 1.3 The statutory framework places Bristol City conservation areas are the subject of policies Council under a duty of care to recognise in the Bristol Local Plan (1997). Once the significance of its built environment adopted, policies in the emerging Core and positively manage change within it. Strategy, and any future Development Plan The City Council is now underway with a Documents, will replace those in the Local comprehensive programme of producing a Plan. Character Appraisal for each conservation area. 2.3 The Core Strategy is a key document in the emerging Bristol Development Framework. 1.4 The Conservation Area Character Appraisals Once adopted the Core Strategy will become follow recent national guidance set out in the key overarching policy document within English Heritage’s Guidance on Conservation the Bristol Development Framework. It will Area Appraisals (2006), which require include a Core Policy on Conservation and the detailed appraisals of each conservation Historic Environment. area in the form of formally approved and published documents. 2.4 Within the character appraisals, references to the Bristol Local Plan are highlighted within 1.5 A character appraisal accounts for the need blue boxes in order to relate specific sections to make informed decisions about the special of the appraisal with relevant policies and interest of conservation areas and provides a guidance. point of reference for the planning authority, developers and communities in managing 2.5  Sea Mills was designated as a Conservation change appropriately. The consultation Area on 18 February 1981 and extended and adoption process values the specialist on 17 March 2008. Each adopted character knowledge of local groups and is intended to appraisal will replace the relevant ensure that features that communities value Conservation Area Enhancement Statement about a place, or feel are under threat, are for that area. properly considered. 2.6 The Sea Mills Conservation Area Character 1.6 Once adopted a character appraisal provides Appraisal was adopted by David Bishop, a tool for development management officers, Strategic Director (City Development) on 14 developers, residents and others to recognise July 2010. the special interest of the area in order that it can be preserved or enhanced. 1.

CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

3.1 location & setting 3.2 Landscape Setting 3.2.1 Sea Mills sits on sloping land between 3.1 Location & Context the low-lying Trym Valley and the higher 3.1.1 The Sea Mills Conservation Area is one of ground of the Kings Weston ridge. The Bristol’s north western residential suburbs, lowest points, the east and south west where the urban density of the city starts sides of the Conservation Area, are just to open out into a more rural setting. 10m above sea level. The land to the The Conservation Area lies approximately north and west of this gradually rises up 5km from the city centre, sited on the to 35m near Sylvan Way and then more north bank of the River Avon and within steeply up to 50m at Westbury Lane. The the basin of the River Trym, and bounded 95m high Kings Weston ridge forms a on the north-western side by the wooded wooded backdrop beyond. Kings Weston ridge. 3.2.2 The western edge of the Conservation 3.1.2  The Conservation Area’s eastern boundary Area looks over Shirehampton Park Golf runs along the valley of the River Trym, Club, part of the Grade II Registered then southwards along Sea Mills Lane parkland of . Largely towards the mouth of the River Trym. The rural and undeveloped, it provides an southern tip includes the 18th century open or wooded landscape setting. Riverside House and the remains of a Towards the south-west it looks over the Roman villa; then extends across the River Avon to the agricultural landscape of Portway to include Hadrian Close, a small North . post WW2 estate of pre-fab bungalows. The western boundary follows the county 3.2.3 Immediately north of Westbury Lane is line with , along the bank the suburb of Coombe Dingle; though built of the River Avon before reaching the up, this low-rise development allows clear boundary of the Kings Weston and Trym views to the densely wooded Kings Weston Valley Conservation Area to the north, ridge rising above it. The winding Trym which it follows until it reaches Haig Valley is a mix of open land and copses, Close. with Sea Mills Lane providing a clear distinction between the Conservation Area 3.1.3  The northern boundary encloses a mix and the residential areas of of high quality townscape that includes and Westbury-on-Trym to the east. Haig Close, almshouses for disabled servicemen and their families, and three 3.2.4 The topography and landscape setting bungalows which are coeval and of the of Sea Mills are important factors in its same historic and economic context as the special interest. These allow extensive Garden Suburb. These, and the detached views into and out of the Conservation houses to their east, additionally provide Area and contribute to the sense of Sea an important setting area for the Garden Mills being a detached suburb. Suburb and merge seamlessly with the character of the houses of the adjoining Kings Weston and Trym Valley Conservation Area.

2. 3.3 Approaching Sea Mills Garden Suburb 3.4 Geology 3.3.1 The gateways to the Garden Suburb are 3.4.1 The bedrock of the Conservation Area clearly defined. Approaching from the is Triassic Dolomitic Conglomerate; a east across the Trym Valley are three limestone rubble with a sandy matrix, bridges: Dingle Road, Shirehampton Road, the result of clays mixing with harder and Trym Cross Road, the span of each carboniferous limestone. The rock emphasises that Sea Mills Garden Suburb is varies widely in consistency and in some a defined, separate place. situations it can be quarried and used as a decorative building material, e.g at 3.3.2 The approaches from Shirehampton, Temple Meads. or Lawrence Weston, which converge at the Shirehampton Road/ Map 1: Sea Mills Conservation Area within its Westbury Lane junction, all involve local context crossing a wide expanse of green open or wooded space before entering into Sea Mills. Notable also are the two pairs of houses with a “butterfly” plan which frame the gateway to the Garden Suburb when entering Hallen Drive from Westbury Lane. Westbury Lane is marked by a focal green at either end.

3.3.3 Approaching the Garden Suburb from the south-west, along Sylvan Way, green open space flanks both sides of the road, Shirehampton Golf Course on the left and Three Acre Covert and adjacent meadow on the right.



Figure 1: Sea Mills Garden Suburb in its current context ©Tim Wallis

3. Map 1: Sea Mills Conservation Area in Local Context

4. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

4. summary of character & 4.5 The layout in particular sets the Garden special interest Suburb apart; based on an axial framework centred on Sea Mills Square, softened by concentric curving roads which follow the 4.1 The special interest of Sea Mills, and the contour lines and roads that follow the reason for its designation as a conservation adjacent topography of the Trym Valley. area, relates to the significance of the Focal greens, public green spaces and Garden Suburb. It is an intact example of enclosed open spaces, and local landmark Ebenezer Howard and Raymond Unwin’s buildings punctuate the Suburb. The main model of a planned Detached Garden characteristics of the Garden Suburb are Suburb, and Bristol’s finest example of detailed at section 4A. planned post-WWI municipal housing. 4.6 Outside the Garden Suburb, the 4.2 All the elements that define it as a garden Conservation Area includes other features suburb combine to give Sea Mills its special of significance: an important stretch of interest. This includes: the planned layout the River Avon; Roman remains of a villa and interrelationship between buildings and and the port of Abona; the old Sea Mills spaces; the low density; the simple, cottage- Docks; the original and replacement signal style houses given uniformity through their stations, and Sea Mills Railway Station; as architectural details; the verdant and well as the Trym Valley. To the north are spacious character; the relationship to local the almshouses of Haig Close and the high topography, and picturesque landscape quality townscape of Westbury Lane houses setting; and the extent of green spaces, and bungalows. especially the gardens, which are what make it a “garden” suburb. The overall uniformity 4.7 The geographical setting of the Conservation of character and appearance in all these Area, within the basin of the River Trym, respects is a fundamental characteristic provides extensive views outwards. It is the of the Garden Suburb and Sea Mills quality and variety of views both within the Conservation Area. area and outwards from it that add to its quality and sense of place. The charm of 4.3 Sea Mills Garden Suburb was holistically the area is accentuated by the way in which planned as a single homogeneous design in the planned pattern of development moulds its own right. Individually the built fabric is itself to the undulating topography. unremarkable, but the uniformity of design is a defining characteristic of the area. Apart from occasional infill and rebuilding, the buildings are largely of a uniform age and character. At the time of its designation in 1981, Sea Mills was one of the earliest council housing estates to be made a conservation area.

4.4 Following the principles of the garden cities and suburbs movement, the Sea Mills Garden Suburb was designed as a sustainable, self- contained community. Its allotments, extra gardens, recreational areas, library, shops, schools and churches are all fundamental elements of its character.

5.1. 4a Main Characteristics of the garden Suburb • Houses laid out with strong front and rear 4a.1 A garden suburb is distinguished from any building lines to allow views along them, other leafy suburb by the way it has been with occasional set-backs to enhance the meticulously and harmoniously planned. street picture, with a regularity or rhythm of Every element is balanced with every the spaces between houses and a regularity other, in order to maximise the suburb’s or rhythm of plot and garden sizes beauty and attractiveness. • Houses laid out to achieve the best outlook, including occasional grouping, for example 4a.2 The design, layout, and interrelationship around focal greens, to improve both the of all elements of the design of Sea Mills outlook from houses and the street picture; Garden Suburb are based on the principles • Occasional short terraces, with a established by Raymond Unwin (Town passageway in the middle of terraces of four Planning in Practice, 1909, and Nothing houses Gained by Overcrowding, 1912); the Tudor • Two-storey cottage style family houses of Walters Report, 1918 and the Manual on simple uniform design with a limited palette the Preparation of State-aided Housing of materials and minimal external ornament, Schemes, 1919. The main principles are built at a low density of 12 units per acre or summarised in the Garden Suburb Glossary less, with good-sized front and rear gardens (Section 13.3). enclosed with green privet hedges • Predominantly semi-detached flat fronted 4a.3 The following elements define the and flat backed houses of a simple block character and appearance of Sea Mills form of rectangular or square plan. With Garden Suburb:- front and rear elevations being of equal importance in design and attractiveness • A detached suburb with defined boundaries • Uniformity is a fundamental characteristic and zones of open space surrounding it of the area • A holistic design with an overall framework which relates to local topography, laid out to optimise views, and with a well-defined centre and subsidiary centres • Views along streets terminated by the curve of the road closing the view, or, at the end of straight streets, by the planned placement of houses or a prominent public building; • Road junctions designed to be attractive features, with a deliberate clear line of vision across corner plots to enhance the spacious and verdant appearance • Planned public open spaces and enclosed open spaces with designated functions that include allotments, play spaces, a recreation ground, other recreational space, such as tennis courts, a formal green space, and open space surrounding public buildings • A spacious and verdant feel or quality • Public buildings placed at centres or secondary centres • Key-hole cul-de-sacs, focal greens, grass verges, and tree-lined streets 6.1. 4b Main Threats to the Character of the Garden Suburb by any reduction of surrounding open spaces, 4b.1 The meticulous planning of the Sea Mills park or woodland Garden Suburb makes it particularly • Loss of original planned open spaces and sensitive to physical alterations, which in enclosed open spaces to infill development other areas may have little or no impact. • Poorly maintained public, private and The following summarise the type of recreational spaces and facilities interventions that could undermine the • Loss or lack of maintenance, or inappropriate character or special interest of the Garden replacement, of traditional street furniture Suburb: • Alterations to the original plan form or character of Sea Mills Square • New developments and infill that fail to • Unsympathetically designed or sited preserve or enhance the character or communal recycling facilities, traffic calming appearance of the Conservation Area measures, and road signs • Extensions or alterations to houses that • Unauthorised works that have a negative undermine the simple uniformity of their impact on the character or appearance of the size or appearance; or the symmetry of pairs Conservation Area or terraces; or alterations that affect the • Unsympathetically sited small-scale additions uniform appearance or form of the roofscape e.g. satellite dishes, alarm boxes, mobile • Extensions or alterations that undermine phone and other masts, solar panels etc. the planned layout of the front and rear • Unsympathetic shop signs and changes to building lines; the regularity or rhythm of shop fronts gaps between houses; or the spaciousness of corner plots 4b.2 The impact of elements that detract from • Loss or unsympathetic alteration of buildings the special character of the Conservation Area that make a positive contribution to the are detailed in Section 8 on Negative Features. character or appearance of the Conservation Area • Loss or material changes to traditional architectural details e.g. windows, doors, door surrounds, chimneys, external finish etc. • Loss of family houses to flats that compromises traditional character, original architectural features, or original garden sizes • Loss of green character and sense of enclosure by the removal of traditional green privet hedges and substitution by other forms of enclosure, or loss of street trees • Loss of front gardens and boundary treatments and their replacement by hard- standing or loss of grass verges through being incorporated into private front gardens • Loss of or harm to views within, into and out of the Conservation Area from extensions or new developments • Loss of green setting to the Conservation Area

1.7. SEA MILLS CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal 5. hIstoric development & mostly incorporated into the City of Bristol archaeology in 1904; the north side of Westbury Lane and Blaise Estate in 1927; by 1910 nos. 16 - 24 Westbury Lane were still recorded as being 5.1 Gaining an understanding and appreciation in . for the historic development of an area can be critical in establishing its significance. 5.5 The lower reaches of the River Trym appear Marking key periods in a locality’s history, to have formed part of the boundary and highlighting the survival of historic between Westbury on Trym, and a detached buildings, streets, layouts or events, can part of Henbury; as evidenced by the parish help determine the form of the Conservation boundary marker that still exists at the Area and any features that are worthy of mouth of the Trym. protection. 5.6 The name Sea Mills is first recorded in 1411 5.2 The area covered by the present Sea as Semmille, then in 1461 as Ceemulle, Mills Conservation Area is one that for and in 1484 as Cemille; in 1779 the name much of the last 2000 years has remained was given as Say-Mills. The standard uninhabited. Although there are signs of interpretation is ‘mill by the sea’ but it has early development, in particular the Roman been suggested that the primary element settlement of Abona, following its decline derives from saye, a cloth made from wool development in the area was sporadic, apart and silk (Smith 1964, 132). An alternative from some 18th century development around derivation is that the first word is seam, an Sea Mills Dock. It was not until the 20th old word for the load that a single packhorse century that a comprehensive programme of could carry. Most probably the Mill, driven development was undertaken, creating the by the River Trym, was a place where there Bristol suburb of Sea Mills. was a limit on the amount of grain that could be taken to it for grinding: just one The Romans 1st - 4th Century AD horse load. 5.3 A military town and port, Abona's existence can be traced back to the 1st century AD, Figure 2: when it was established as a legionary Clack Mill station. Abona grew considerably over the early 20th following 300 years and the remains of some Century © BRO of its buildings are still visible. There is as yet no evidence of 5th century occupation on the site and it is possible that Abona, like other Romano British settlements in the area, experienced a decline from the late 4th century onwards and was eventually abandoned.

Sea Mills in the Medieval Period 5.4 The Domesday survey of 1086 does not mention Shirehampton or Sea Mills by name. The historic manor is thought to have been part of the Domesday manor of Westbury on Trym. The of Westbury on Trym was until the later 19th century part of the Hundred of Henbury in Gloucestershire. Westbury-on-Trym was 8.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 18th & 19th Centuries 5.9 With a combined area of more than 12 5.7 The three River Trym water mills: Coombe acres, the outer and inner basins of Sea Mill, Clack Mill and Sea Mill, were in their Mills Dock provided space for a very large time quite substantial and as an industry quantity of shipping. Around 1730 a must have required a number of workers shipwright, William Tregoe, leased a plot as well as many flocks of sheep to provide of land from the Dock Company in order to labour and materials. What impact the build a dwelling for himself - the present construction of a dock at Sea Mills in the Riverside House on Sea Mills Lane. early 18th century would have had on these mills is unclear, but it has been suggested 5.10 The Dock maintained a modest but that it would have put them out of action. significant level of activity until at least Even if this were the case at least one of the late 1750s. By the early 1760s business the mills survived until the 20th century. had faltered and the Dock was abandoned It was not until 1937 that Clack Mill was and fell into disrepair. In 1793, as part of demolished. legal action by Lord de Clifford, the Dock and the land that had been leased with it Sea Mills Dock were returned to the Kings Weston Estate, 5.8 Sea Mills Dock is generally considered to be in whose ownership its decline continued. the third “wet dock” to be built in Britain (after Howland Dock at Rotherhithe and the 5.11 By the early 1800s Sea Mills Dock was a Old Dock at Liverpool). The construction ruin and as the 19th century progressed of a dock at Sea Mills began in 1712 on land most of the remaining dock buildings were leased from the Kings Weston Estate for destroyed. The area to the north of the the term of 999 years at an annual rent of Dock, where the present Sea Mills Garden £81. Commissioned by the Bristol merchant Suburb lies, remained agricultural. It was Joshua Franklyn and a team of 32 investors, to stay that way until 1919 when work their aim was to provide a repair and began on one of Bristol's first post WW1 ‘laying up’ facility for ships docking at the housing schemes. congested and vastly overcrowded quays further up river in Bristol.

Figure 3: Sea Mills Dock, showing Riverside House. Samuel Jackson c. 1823 © Bristol City Museum & Art Gallery 1.9. Sea Mills Farmhouse An original stone boundary wall belonging 5.12 Sea Mills Farmhouse was extant by to the Farmhouse is recorded as being 1772, shown on Isaac Taylor’s plan of disrupted when nos. 5 & 7 Ableton Walk and the Southwell Estate. By the time of the 6 Bowerleaze were built. A new wall was Henbury tithe survey of 1840 it was owned laid, constructed using the original stones. by Philip John Miles of Kings Weston House.

Figure 4: Estates belonging to Edward Southwell by Isaac Taylor 1772 ©BRO

10.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal The Garden Suburb Movement Raymond Unwin 5.13 Garden Suburbs were part of the wider 5.16 Raymond Unwin had a profound influence Garden City movement which evolved in on the design of garden suburbs. In 1902, reaction to the haphazard, overcrowded he and Barry Parker were appointed and unhealthy growth of cities. to design a new industrial village, New Throughout the 19th century there had been Earswick; where the houses and the plan a movement to provide better standards were designed by one architectural firm. of housing for the working class and lower This was the opportunity for Unwin and paid. Parker to implement their ideas about site planning and houses designed to maximise 5.14 Port Sunlight and Bournville housing fresh air and sunlight. developments of the late 19th century influenced the garden cities and suburbs 5.17 Unwin believed ‘every house could be movement. Designed to be self-contained planned so that there should be a sunny communities for factory employees, they aspect for the chief rooms and a pleasant included good sized gardens, allotments, outlook both front and back’. His New recreational areas, and communal facilities Earswick houses had a square plan, moving such as schools, a social institute and away from the deep and narrow plan of the shops. time. These became a general model for the garden city and suburb housing later 5.15 Giving the garden cities and garden suburbs built in Letchworth, Hampstead, and in movement its impetus was Ebenezer post-WW1 local authority cottage estates Howard’s book Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path like Sea Mills Garden Suburb. to Reform, 1898. Howard envisioned towns which enjoyed the benefits of both the city 5.18 Unwin’s Town Planning in Practice: An and the countryside, where working people introduction to the art of designing cities would have the benefit of fresh air and and suburbs, 1909 became the defining sunlight, with both a closeness to nature work on the planning and layout of garden and nearness to work. In 1899, he founded cities and suburbs. His pamphlet Nothing the Gardens Cities Association. Gained by Overcrowding!, 1912 provided the economic justification for low density garden suburb layouts.

Figure 5: Sketch by A Hugh Mottram from Raymond Unwin’s pamphlet Nothing Gained by Overcrowding!, 1912. It is likely that this perspective was highly influential on the design of Sea Mills Square, and Sea Mills Garden Suburb as a whole 1.11. 5.19 During WWI, Unwin worked on low-cost Post WW1 Housing in Bristol housing for the Ministry of Munitions. 5.22 On 1st March 1918, the Housing Extensions The programme of state-subsidised and Town Planning Committee, chaired by house building became a model for the E.W.Savory, met to implement the national mass state housing programme after the housing scheme in Bristol. C.F.W.Dening war. Shortages of traditional materials was appointed as an advisory architect to like timber led to the experimentation assist the Committee and the City Engineer, of materials in house building, such as Lessel S. McKenzie, in preparing plans. the use of concrete and steel. The need to build economically led to a simplified 5.23 Sea Mills was one of Bristol’s first post- architectural style. war housing schemes to be implemented. Chief Architect in charge of layout of the Homes Fit for Heroes national housing scheme, Unwin would 5.20 Before the end of WWI it was realised that have had ultimate responsibility for the pre-war housing shortage, especially approving the layout of Sea Mills. rented properties affordable to the working class, would be exacerbated by men returning from the trenches. There was an 5.24 By 1918, agricultural land around Clack expectation that new houses should be of Mill and Sea Mills Farm was identified improved standards of design, comfort and as suitable for housing. The land was convenience: Lloyd George’s “homes fit for part of the Kings Weston Estate owned heroes”. by Philip Napier Miles who agreed to sell approximately 205 acres to Bristol Tudor Walters Report City Corporation at £160 per acre. Two 5.21 In 1917, the Government commissioned covenants restricting the use of the land, a report into the best way to provide included the following conditions:- post-war housing. Chaired by MP Sir John 1. “that no part of the said lands...shall be used Tudor Walters, the committee included for any purpose other than that of a Garden Raymond Unwin, who is credited with Suburb”; providing much of its content. Most of the 2. that the density “shall amount on an average Report’s recommendations were adopted to not less than 8 and not more than 12 per in the Local Government Board’s Manual acre; on the Preparation of State-aided Housing 3. “that the said lands...shall be laid out and Schemes. This, and the Tudor Walters built upon in accordance with a scheme Report, were highly influential in the which shall be previously prepared in planning of Sea Mills Garden Suburb. consultation with the Surveyor and Architect employed by the Vendor”. Figure 6: Tudor Walters Diagrammatic Layout

12.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character5.25 Napier Miles Appraisal clearly took a personal Development of Sea Mills Garden Suburb interest in the future development of Sea 5.30 Following the principles and traditions of Mills. Reserving 6.93 acres of the north- the garden cities and suburbs movement, west corner for small-holdings; he also Sea Mills was designed to be a sustainable, suggested to the Housing Committee that self-contained community. Land was five acres of the Garden Suburb should reserved for specific uses to ensure self- be reserved for football and cricket, sufficiency including provisions for work probably accounting for why the size of the places, through land reserved for industrial Recreation Ground was roughly doubled in development, and for food production. later blueprints. Areas were reserved for small-holdings; for allotments and extra gardens; and 5.26 The sale of land for Sea Mills Garden the gardens were made large enough to Suburb was completed in . be worked by a family for vegetables and Napier Miles also gave Three Acre Covert fruit and the keeping of animals such as a ‘Public Pleasure Ground’. In 1918 as chickens. Play spaces, a recreation he had given Shirehampton Park to the ground, tennis courts, schools, churches, National Trust; the grassed open space shops, and a library safeguarded the health between Three Acre Covert and Sylvan and well-being of the community. Sea Way was originally part of Shirehampton Mills was given excellent transport links, Park, separated when Sylvan Way was including its own railway station. constructed. He also gave land for building the new ‘low lying road’, now The Portway, together with the land lying between that and the railway for ‘industrial purposes’.

The 1919, 1923, and 1924 Housing Acts 5.27 The Housing and Town Planning Act,1919 initiated the provision of state-aided housing, offering substantial Government subsidies to local authorities to build low- rent houses for working class people. The Housing (Additional Powers) Act, 1919, was later passed to provide a lump-sum subsidy for every house built within certain specifications. 250 houses were built in Sea Mills between 1920 and 1922 under these Acts.

5.28 The Housing Acts of 1919 became known as the Addison Acts, after government minister Dr. Christopher Addison. The national housing scheme became known as the “Addison Scheme” and the houses built under this scheme as “Addison Houses”.

5.29 In the 1923 Act, the Conservative Government introduced new subsidies to encourage private building. In 1924, the Figure 7: Dening’s Master Plan for Sea Mills from new Labour Government introduced an Act the Architects’ Journal 1920. This original layout providing subsidies to restore the role of shows space allocated for industrial developments and an area for small-holdings. The former was local authorities in providing working-class never used for this purpose and became used housing. Under all the Acts subsidies were instead for recreation. The latter was developed provided for private building within the for housing in the early to mid-1930s. 1.13. size restraints of each Act. Figure 8: Plan of the northern part of Sea Mills c. 1928 ©BRO (See Garden Suburb Glossary for larger plan, and southern plan c. 1932) 5.31 On 14th October 1919, the Housing Committee approved the Master Plan for Sea Mills. This initial plan was refined and improved during the development of the Garden Suburb. Overall the final layout was more cohesive and less dense, as well as softer and more informal, helped by reducing the number of right-angles and squares. The size of the Recreation Ground had almost doubled and there were a greater number of enclosed open spaces. The improved layout of the northern half of the Garden Suburb, in particular, followed Figure 9: Addison’s Oak, Sea Mills Square the contour lines more closely and became ©John Roberts better linked with the axial framework of 5.33 Bristol was at the forefront of the national the southern half. housing scheme, Sea Mills Garden Suburb being one of the earliest of the post-war 5.32 Dr. Christopher Addison cut the first sod garden suburb layouts. A total of 1279 th at Sea Mills on 4 June 1919, inaugurating houses were built, the first ready by 1920 Bristol’s whole post-WW1 Housing and Town and the development completed in 1931. Planning Scheme. A commemorative oak 1030 of the houses were Corporation-built tree planted at the event still flourishes in and let, 156 (including 12 shops) were Sea Mills Square. leased, and 93 were erected under private enterprise and leased. 14.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 5.34 In 1937, John Betjeman wrote of the new Changes since 1931 Sea Mills Estate as having “a surprising 5.35 Since completion of the Garden Suburb in beauty showing off in the evening sunlight; 1931, a number of the planned enclosed and vistas of trees and fields and pleasant open spaces, allotment areas, and an area cottages that that magic estate has designated for play space have been lost managed to create”. to infill development. These losses have had a negative impact on the overall design of the Garden Suburb. In addition, many infill developments have failed to reflect its character and appearance (See Negative Features).

5.36 An exception is the area originally designated as “Reserved by Mr. Miles for Small Holdings”, developed in the early to mid-1930s. This development has generally made a positive contribution to the character and appearance as the houses Figure 10: Woodleaze c. 1923 © BRO are superficially similar in design, plot size, and layout to those of the Garden Suburb. The area originally “reserved for industrial development” was never developed for this purpose, instead being used as sports grounds with related buildings.

Figure 11: Sea Mills Garden Suburb, July 1935 © English Heritage NMR Aerofilms Collection

1.15. 5.37 Most post-WW2 infill developments attached to a privately-owned property, have failed to reflect the character and were demolished and rebuilt (refer to appearance of the Garden Suburb, whether p. 22-23 Sea Mills Planning Brief 2008 by ignoring prevalent plot size, layout, see Sources of Further Information). As scale, massing, rhythm or materials. the replacement houses were rebuilt in Some developments, such as Garden Close the simple, flat-fronted and flat-backed, and the flats in Compton Drive, are of a cottage-style characteristic of the original modern design completely alien to the houses of the Garden Suburb, on the Garden Suburb. Others, such as Silklands original footprints, these houses still make Grove and Abona Court, have introduced a positive contribution to the character of disproportionate roof forms or alien Sea Mills. Some have a half-render, half- elements that have impacted negatively brick finish; a compromise between the on the wider area. The infilling of planned Planning Department, who wanted all- enclosed open spaces, and loss of houses render to match existing houses, and the and plots to enable infill, e.g. 9/10 Clapton Housing Department, who wanted a low- Walk and 44/46 West Parade, has also been maintenance brick finish. a detrimental post-WW2 change. 5.42 A survey of the remaining Council-owned 5.38 From the 1980s, many of the houses were Parkinsons in Sea Mills, 2009/10, revealed bought by Council tenants under the Right- there to be considerably less structural to-Buy scheme. Currently, approximately deterioration than had been anticipated 50% of the houses of Sea Mills are Council- in the 1980s. It is now known that all the owned and 50% private. Parkinsons are repairable, an extensive programme of repair by the City Council 5.39 Many newly privately owned houses is immanent (246 in total). In addition to underwent material alterations since the their inherent structural frame problems, 1980s, notably changes to windows, doors, many Parkinson houses have ground floor external finishes, the addition of porches or bathrooms, poor internal access and are extensions, and front gardens and hedges small, making them difficult to be adapted being replaced by parking areas. to meet lifetime home standards. When the Council-owned Dorlonco houses were 5.40 In the late 1980s, PRC (Prefabricated repaired and overclad in the mid-2000s, the Reinforced Concrete) houses were original neo-classical door surrounds were identified as having potential structural removed and not replaced, to the detriment faults. In Sea Mills, these included all the of the original design. In most cases a Dorlonco type houses and the houses of pitched canopy over the main door was Parkinson PRC construction (See housing introduced instead. types CNA2, MGB2, and WSB2). The City Council undertook repair of the Dorlonco- 5.43 Sea Mills was designated as a Conservation types in 2005. However, the Parkinson Area in February 1981, one of the earliest houses were considered to have more council housing estates to be given such serious faults. recognition. Following an extensive campaign by the local community, the 5.41 The 1984 and 1985 Housing Defects boundaries were subsequently reviewed and Acts gave grants for private owners to extended in 2008 to cover the full extent of undertake licensed repairs. At the time, the Garden Suburb. the Parkinson houses were considered to be too expensive to repair. 132 Parkinson houses, private and Council-owned 16.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

5.44 Sea Mills Garden Suburb remains a low density garden suburb today, at a level Relevant Policy References below 12 houses per acre. Consequently, it still conforms to what is one of the chief National Guidance characteristics of garden suburb layout and its character as a post-WW1 garden suburb Planning Policy Statement 5: is unblemished in this respect. Planning for the Historic Environment

Policy HE9.1 ‘There should be a presumption in favour of the conservation of designated heritage assets and the more significant the designated heritage asset, the greater the presumption in favour of its conservation should be. Once lost, heritage assets cannot be replaced and their loss has a cultural, environmental, economic and social impact. Significance can be harmed or lost through alteration or destruction of the heritage asset or development within its setting. Loss affecting any designated heritage asset should require clear and convincing justification.’

Local Policy

Bristol Local Plan Policy B13: ‘Development should preserve Listed Buildings, their features and settings, and preserve or enhance the character or appearance of the city’s designated Conservation Areas... Development which conflicts with these objectives will not be permitted.’

Bristol Local Plan Policy B22 (I-II) ‘There will be a presumption in favour of preserving any archaeological features or sites of national importance, whether scheduled or not.’

1.17. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

6. spatial analysis Valley. High Grove, Sylvan Way, Ashcroft Road, and Ableton Walk follow the curving contours running east and west. The axial 6.1 routes & Spaces roads of, for example, East and West 6.1.1 The historic street layout and the Parade and Sunny Hill deliberately cut relationship of built form to open space across the contours at right angles. define the framework of an area. The traditional pattern of development, front 6.1.6 This radial and axial route system, and rear building lines, planned open combined with the topography, results spaces, enclosed open spaces, street in a legible area which, together with a layout, and plot sizes should be respected. number of footpaths, creates a relatively permeable layout. 6.1.2  Much of what makes Sea Mills so distinctive is its sophisticated layout, Sea Mills Square fundamentally influenced by Raymond 6.1.7 The centre or central “place” of Sea Unwin and the Garden Suburb movement. Mills Garden Suburb is Sea Mills Square, (See Garden Suburb Glossary Appendix a formal square influenced by an aerial for terminology and principles.) The sketch of an imaginary garden city/ Suburb has an holistic design, complete in suburb, which is central to and influences itself, in which every facet relates both the whole layout of Sea Mills. to every other, and to the whole, in a harmonious way. Given the way in which it was meticulously planned, Sea Mills is particularly sensitive to change.

6.1.3 Sea Mills is a detached suburb with well- defined boundaries of open space on all sides except the north where previously agricultural land has been developed. The gateways or “points of entrance” to the suburb are also clearly defined. The defining spatial characteristic of Sea Mills Garden Suburb is its low density.

6.1.4 The charm of the area is accentuated by the way in which the planned pattern of development moulds itself to the undulating topography. Conforming with garden suburb principles, the relationship of layout to contour lines and topographical features is clearly evident. Figure 12: Above - detail from Hugh Mottram’s ‘The Garden City Principle applied to Suburbs’ 6.1.5 The layout of the estate is based on an which is believed to have inspired similar post- axial framework centred on Sea Mills WWI semi-circular designs of open spaces, e.g. Square, placed where the topography Dormanstown and Welwyn Garden City. is level. From this point are concentric Below - OS detail of Sea Mills Square. The curving roads that follow the contour layout is closer to the original sketch than lines, and roads which follow the adjacent other designs and is a striking example of its topography of the Trym Valley. Coombe use as a civic centre. The word “Square” Dale and Trymside run roughly north/south reflects its function not its shape; being the and follow the natural line of the Trym closest translation to French place, German platz, or Italian piazza. 18.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS

Character Appraisal 6.1.8 Sea Mills Square functions as an enclosed space which, at the same time, has a sense of openness. The Square is enclosed by a perimeter of two-storey houses and shops with the Methodist Church sited at the centre of the northern perimeter of the semi-circle. The central green open space, together with the views out along the axial roads, gives the Square a sense of openness. West Parade and East Parade lead away from the Square, and are terminated by semi-detached houses, with respectively the vistas of and the trees of the Trym Valley rising behind. Figure 13: Terminated view - St Edyth’s Road looking northeast to the Methodist Church © 6.1.9 The views into the Square along St. Tim Wallis Edyth’s Road, West Parade, and East Secondary Centres Parade are all terminated, the latter two 6.1.11 The layout of the Garden Suburb has by shops on the other side of the green. three main subsidiary or secondary The view along St. Edyth’s Road into the centres, two of which are linked by a Square is terminated by the imposing straight road to Sea Mills Square, but Methodist Church, a classic Unwinesque topography prevented a direct link terminal feature. Similarly, looking back from the third to the Square. These are down St. Edyth’s Road, away from the located at: Square, the view is terminated by St. • The Pentagon - where five roads converge where Edyth’s Church, so that the two churches St. Edyth’s Church is sited “look” at each other. • Where Sunny Hill and West Parade cross Sylvan Way - six roads converge where Sea Mills Library 6.1.10 From much of the Square the backdrop of is sited Kings Weston Hill is visible and, because • The focal green where four roads converge at the houses of Sea Mills Garden Suburb are the point where Sunny Hill and Dingle View meet all two-storey with gaps between, the Coombe Dale. This position was determined sky is very open, adding to the feeling of mostly for topographical reasons. both enclosure and openness.

Figure 14: Secondary centre - Sunny Hill and Dingle View meet Coombe Dale. Axial routes aiming towards the high ground of Kings Weston ridge © Tim Wallis

1.19.

6.1.12 From the secondary centres further axial 6.1.16 Terraces tend to be sited along straight routes spread outwards; this framework streets, such as Woodleaze, or on straight binding together the whole layout of the stretches of roads, such as Sylvan Way. Garden Suburb. From The Pentagon, two The intermixing of terraces and pairs axes run straight to two triple-junctions, adds variety to the street scene. An the roads radiating from which continue exception is the terrace in the middle the axial framework. From the other two of The Crescent, designed to mark secondary centres, axes run from each the centre of the semi-circle and to in a similar way to the two axes that run terminate the view down Blaise Walk. from Sea Mills Square. House Plots Streetscape 6.1.17 Most plots are rectangular, deeper than 6.1.13 Houses are all placed back from the they are wide. Corner plots are more road behind generous front gardens, and square or triangular in shape, to allow frequent grass verges, creating a spacious for the characteristic open space at streetscape with a strong rhythm of gaps road junctions, and a clear line of vision between the houses. Occasionally, the across the corners. Openness at junctions building line is deliberately set-back in is an important element that contributes places, sometimes behind a focal green, to the Garden Suburb’s verdant and to enhance the street picture. Street spacious character. At road junctions, widths vary according to the hierarchy, houses are sometimes positioned to allow and number, of properties they serve. the building line to “turn” the corner The widest main route, Sylvan Way, has whilst, at the same time, adding to the deep grass verges with tree planting. The variety of corner treatments. narrowest routes are within cul-de-sacs. 6.1.18 Rear gardens are generally substantial, 6.1.14 There are a number of wholly or particularly in length, adding to the partially tree-lined streets within the spacious and verdant character and Garden Suburb, including Shirehampton appearance of the Garden Suburb. Where Road, Sylvan Way, Westbury Lane, The house plots differ in shape to the norm, Portway, West Parade, St. Edyth’s Road, the garden is often increased to the Avonleaze, The Pentagon, Sea Mills side to maintain the regular overall plot 2 Square, Woodleaze, Brookleaze, and size. Plots range between 180 - 350m , 2 Riverleaze. Trym Cross Road and Sea Mills averaging around 250m in size. Lane are also partly tree-lined.

6.1.15 Houses on curved streets are predominantly semi-detached, which allows the units to address the street line.

Figure 15: Coombe Dale houses are all semi- Figure 16: Houses are simple block detached and follow the curve of the road forms without projections; plots tend to be deeper than wide with substantial rear gardens; corner plots are square or triangular 20.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS

CharacterCul-de-sacs Appraisal 6.1.19 There are six cul-de-sacs within the 6.1.21 Where houses ‘turn’ or are placed original Garden Suburb. Five are a across corners there are a variety of classic Tudor Walters “key-hole” design, treatments, such as, placing a pair of where the last units on each side are houses across a corner in a straight line set back from the building line with a e.g at the junction of Westbury Lane and generous gap between these and the Compton Drive, or alternatively, a pair end pair. These important gaps allow of houses may be concave in plan e.g at openness and light into the cul-de-sac, the corner of Hallen Drive and Westbury and glimpses outwards from the end of Lane; or convex e.g at the junction of the cul-de-sac between the houses, so Bowerleaze with Riverleaze. Convex alleviating any stifling sense of enclosure. terraces of four are sited around Sea Whilst these cul-de-sacs appear to Mills Square, and two convex terraces of be enclosed spaces they are, in fact, five at The Pentagon. deliberately planned to be very open. 6.1.22 At some corners, particularly at the secondary centre in front of the Library and at the junction of Sylvan Way with Compton Drive, the catslide roofs of the HBA5 houses (see Garden Suburb Housing Types Plan) visually emphasise the openness of the corners.

Junctions 6.1.23 At ‘triple-junctions’, the view down each road towards the junction is terminated by a pair of semi-detached houses placed at an angle across the corner opposite, Figure 17: Key-hole cul-de-sac with gen- e.g where Brookleaze, Trymleaze and erous gaps between houses to allow Meadway meet or where Riverleaze meets glimpsed views (e.g Weston Close) Trym Side.

Corner Plots 6.1.20 In Sea Mills, houses occupying corner plots are usually sited in the plot in such a way as to allow space next to the road junction, leaving a clear line of vision across the corner plots. In this way the corner is more open, making a feature of the road junction whilst adding to the spacious feel of the garden suburb.

Figure 19: Terminated views at a triple junction (e.g Brookleaze/Meadway/ Trymleaze) Figure 18: Views across corners 1.21. (e.g High Grove/Sunny Hill) 6.1.24 At T-junctions, a terminal feature, Enclosed Open Spaces usually a pair of houses or a terrace of 6.1.27 Enclosed open spaces are spaces which 4, frequently closes the view down the are fully surrounded by a perimeter of adjoining street. In High Grove, the houses, whose fronts face outwards away Methodist Hall closes the view down from the space, and whose gardens back Elberton Road. For the occupants of the onto the space. They are accessible by houses of the terminal feature there is footpaths or from residents’ rear gardens an “extended outlook” down the street or via narrow roads. opposite. 6.1.28 Enclosed open spaces are important, 6.1.25 Occasionally the houses of the terminal and are a defining characteristic of a feature are set-back from the building garden suburb. They may be seen in line, which, together with open corner the layouts of both pre- and post-WW1 plots, produces something similar to garden suburbs, as well as the industrial a small square. Setting-back houses villages like Port Sunlight and Bournville. opposite a junction also provides a Recreational space, like the tennis variation to the street picture looking in courts in Dingle Close, the Recreation either direction down the through-road. Ground, play spaces or extra gardens, In Sea Mills houses are frequently set back and allotments define the character of a in this way. garden suburb.

Achieving the best outlook from houses 6.1.29 The suburb is laid out in such a way as to achieve the best possible outlook from both the front and the rear of the houses. In the original conception of Sea Mills Garden Suburb, the outlook on to the backs of houses was given equal importance to the fronts. The houses had a rear aspect of the same design and architectural quality as the front. This is an especially important characteristic of the area.

Figure 20: Road junctions designed as minor 6.1.30 Achieving the best outlook was centres or “squares” (e.g Meadway/Trym- accomplished in a number of other ways: side) grouping houses around greens or open spaces; improving the street picture by 6.1.26 The grouping of houses also adds variety arranging breaks in the building line; or to the street scene. The simplest way planning roads to lead to a distant view, is by setting a small group, such as two some open space, or a terminal feature. pairs of semi-detached houses, back from the building line, as may be seen in 6.1.31  Careful arrangement of buildings at Blaise Walk. Alternatively, they may be corners and road junctions allows for grouped around a focal green e.g at Trym extended outlooks from the houses at Side, Sunny Hill, and Brookleaze, or there junctions, and also makes them features may be a larger grouping e.g. around the of interest in their own right. The end tennis courts in Dingle Close. houses of cul-de-sacs have an extended outlook back down the street.

22.1. Figure 21: Glimpses and views between houses along the rear building line (e.g Trymside/Stokeleigh Walk) Figure 22: Glimpses and views between houses (e.g Meadway/Trymside) Regularity or Rhythm in the Spacing of Houses 6.1.32 The backs of houses around the perimeter 6.1.34 Throughout the Garden Suburb, streets of an enclosed open space provide a are laid out with a regularity or rhythm picturesque frame for it. The backs of in the spacing of houses. houses are especially important around these spaces, and also where they are 6.1.35 The painstaking planning that went visible from other open spaces such as into the layout and interrelationship of the Trym Valley and Shirehampton Golf the Sea Mills Garden Suburb makes the Course, or where houses form a perimeter area of special interest in this respect. around public buildings. The Conservation Area is therefore particularly sensitive to change or 6.1.33 The good size gaps between houses unsympathetic alteration that fails to improves the amount of sunlight and air respect the precise nature in which the reaching each house, and also improves the suburb relates to topography, streets outlook by providing gaps to look through. and spaces, views and buildings.

RHYTHM OF GAPS BETWEEN HOUSES Figure 23: Elements of garden suburb design in Sea Mills

REGULAR PLOT SIZES GR O U PIN G OF HO SES

GRASS VERGES FOCAL ENCLOSED GREEN OPEN SPACE

FOOTPATH

23.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal Routes outside the Garden Suburb 6.1.36 The Portway runs through part of the Sea Mills Conservation Area, linking central Local Policy References Bristol with . The route runs parallel with the Avon along low lying Bristol Local Plan Policy B15: land and separates open space to the (I) ‘Townscape and landscape features that west from the Garden Suburb to the contribute to the character or appearance of streets and open spaces within northeast. The construction of this trunk Conservation Areas should be preserved or road in 1919 - 1926 was synchronous enhanced.’ with that of the Garden Suburb. Despite (II) Development will not be permitted being a major, heavily trafficked route, where it would unacceptably harm its impact on the Conservation Area is landscapes, open spaces and gardens that minimal. contribute to the character of the area. (III) The introduction of car parking into 6.1.37 Sea Mills Lane is an historic route that areas historically used as gardens and carries traffic along the south eastern forecourts will not be permitted where it side of the Conservation Area. It erodes either the character of the street separates Sea Mills from the suburb of and/or the setting of historic buildings. Stoke Bishop. The meandering line of Sea Mills Lane follows that of the Trym, terminating at Sea Mills Dock.

6.1.38 Westbury Lane is the northernmost east/ west route across Sea Mills Conservation Area. It separates the Garden Suburb from the more recent suburb of Coombe Dingle to the north. On its southern side houses and plots belong to the Garden Suburb. On the northern side of Westbury Lane houses tend to sit centrally to substantial garden plots.

Footpaths 6.1.39 There are a number of footpaths within the Conservation Area, from minor local paths to sections of long-distance footpaths. These include the public footpath across Three Acre Covert; ones on both sides of the River Avon; across the Recreation Ground; and along and across the Trym Valley. These routes are important as they add a permeability through the area and a legibility that is as important by foot as it is by car.

Map 2 shows the Routes & Spaces in the Conservation Area

1.24. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

Map 2: Routes & Spaces A3

25.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

6.2 Views and parts of the Conservation Area. and other listed University 6.2.1 The topography of the City is unique buildings may be seen in distant views up and views across it make an important to the edge of the Downs. contribution to Bristol’s townscape and character. The spectacular city- wide views enjoyed from the Sea Mills Conservation Area are fundamental to its special interest. For the purpose of Character Appraisals, four types of views have been identified:

Panoramic Views – are wide-reaching views that extend across the city and beyond. Figure 24: Views across the River Trym to the Long Views – are long-distance views across the Kings Weston ridge beyond City, to key features or landmark buildings. Views 6.2.4 Sea Mills is visible in numerous panoramic both into and out of the Conservation Area fall views from outside the estate, including within this category. views and panoramas from the Kings Weston and Trym Valley Conservation Area Local Views - tend to be shorter and confined to and the Sneyd Park Conservation Area. a specific locality such as within the Conservation Area. They include views to skylines, local 6.2.5 Far-reaching views beyond the extent of landmarks, attractive groups of buildings, views the Conservation Area’s boundaries play into open spaces, and squares, and along streets. an important part in defining its special interest. The low-density, low-rise Glimpses – allow intriguing glances along intimate dwellings around its periphery and to the routes or into spaces. They make an important south of the Portway allow far-reaching contribution to local character. views into and out the Conservation Area and across the Avon. Preserving 6.2.2 The undulating landscape of the the setting and views out from, as well Conservation Area and surrounding areas as views into the Conservation Area, means views of all types in all directions is vital in protecting its character and are ubiquitous. Within Sea Mils, there significance. is a near continual back-drop of views: Kings Weston ridge towards the north and north-west. To the west, there are views over the Golf Course and Shirehampton Park. To the south and south-west there are views of the River Avon and beyond to Somerset, to farmland and to the ridge that runs from Leigh Woods north- westwards via Abbots Leigh, the church and houses of which can be seen from Sea Mills.

6.2.3 Panoramic views reach up and down the Avon from various vantage points. Towards the east, south-east and north-east, there are views of Stoke Bishop, Sneyd Park, Figure 25: Long view into Sea Mills from Stoke Bishop © Tim Wallis 26.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 6.2.6 Long views are the main distant views 6.2.9 Other examples of local views include the of the undulating landscape of the views across and along the Trym Valley Garden Suburb and include front and rear open space, or the view from Coombe elevations, the roofscape and setting of Dale, looking south-west to the nearby the estate and the pockets of vegetation, enclosed open space where the land rises both of private gardens and public green and which also includes views of the trees spaces, within and surrounding the in the rear gardens and the rear elevations estate. The tower of St. Edyth’s Church is of houses along The Crescent. visible in a great number of these views. Occasionally, the Methodists Church on 6.2.10 Glimpses are common throughout the Sea Mills Square may be seen in distant Conservation Area and add greatly to views. its special interest. Many are via the planned gaps between houses. These 6.2.7 Local views are numerous, the precise include views across private gardens nature of the Garden Suburb’s layout or enclosed open spaces; along the having been deliberately planned to allow rear building line which carries the eye the best possible views and outlook by along and across the gardens to include purposely taking best advantage of the glimpses of rear elevations; or more contour lines and local topography. Many distant glimpsed views that include both of the key local views include views along front and rear elevations, the roofscape, streets where the siting, height and mass and hills and landscape beyond. of the houses and the means of enclosure to their front gardens frame views. Rear gardens and the trees they contain are equally important as they are often visible from the public realm.

6.2.8 The volume and quality of views in the Garden Suburb is in large part due to the garden suburb principle of enclosed openness having been applied throughout the layout, including the streets, cul- de-sacs, and open spaces. A street, for Figure 27: View of St Edyth’s Church tower example, which may be enclosed either ©John Roberts by the curve of the road itself, or by a 6.2.11 The preservation of all types of building which terminates the view, is views both within and out from the given openness through glimpses out via Conservation Area is vital in protecting the generous gaps between the houses. its character and special interest.

Local Policy Reference

Bristol Local Plan Policy B2 (i-v) ‘Development should be designed with regard to the local context. Proposals which would cause unacceptable harm to the character and/or appearance of an area, or to the visual impact of historic buildings, views or landmarks will not be permitted.’

Figure 26: View framed by houses 1.27. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal 6.3 landmark Buildings

6.3.1 Landmarks are buildings or structures that due to their height, location or detailed design stand out from their background. They contribute to the character and townscape of the area and provide navigation or focal points or key elements in views. There are three categories of landmarks in Sea Mills: landmark buildings, community landmarks and historic landmarks. Figure 28: St Edyth’s Church

6.3.2 Landmark Buildings are larger, more conspicuous buildings that stand out due to their scale, prominent location, specific function or architectural style. These include: • St Edyth’s Church* • Sea Mills Methodist Church* • Sea Mills Library* • (former Progress Inn) PH* Figure 29: Sea Mills Methodist Church • Portway Bridge 6.3.5 Sea Mills Library (by C.F. Dawson, Chief • Sea Mills Farmhouse* Architect in the City Engineers Dept.) • Riverside House* was constructed in the early 1930s and is • Sea Mills Junior School* located at another of the Garden Suburb’s • Sea Mills Infants School secondary centres. • New Signal Station* • Old Signal Station*

6.3.3 St Edyth’s Church is one of the most distinctive buildings in the Conservation Area. Designed by Sir George Oatley, its foundation stone was laid in 1926 and it was consecrated in 1928. The red pennant stone tower is clearly visible on the skyline, it features in many views, both distant and local. Within the Conservation Figure 30: Sea Mills Library Area it provides a focal point for one of the Garden Suburb’s secondary centres, as 6.3.6 The Iron Bridge (former Progress Inn) well as being a terminal feature at the end PH occupies a prominent corner plot of St. Edyth’s Road. on Westbury Lane. Built by the Bristol Brewery Georges & Co Ltd. in 1938, it 6.3.4 Sea Mills Methodist Church, also by Sir was one of the largest pubs built by the George Oatley, was constructed in 1930. company and is a characteristic 1930s Located on the northern side of Sea Mills design. At the time, City Council policy Square, it is the main focal point for the did not permit the building of pubs on formal centrepiece of the Garden Suburb. its housing estates, hence its siting just It is also an important terminal feature beyond. The building was included in the in local views up St Edyth’s Road. Abona Conservation Area following the 2008 Court is a recent large extension to the boundary extension. 1.28. rear elevation of the Church. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

Figure 31: The Iron Bridge (former Progress Inn) PH, Westbury Lane © Tim Wallis

6.3.7 Portway Bridge (constructed 1919 - 1926) carries the Portway over the River Trym as it runs from Bristol to Avonmouth. The massive grey pennant stone structure, with its 6 segmental archways terminates Figure 33: Riverside House, 79 Sea Mills Lane views looking south down Sea Mills Lane. 6.3.10 Sea Mills Junior School, Riverleaze 6.3.8 Sea Mills Farmhouse is one of the oldest by Alfred Oaten. First block opened buildings within the Conservation Area, and 1928, a second block opened in 1931, the only building to predate 1920 within contemporary with the building of the the Garden Suburb itself. The building Garden Suburb. The architecture reflects dates back to the early 18th century, though and complements that of Sea Mills, being it has later additions. a simple, mostly unornamented, neo- Georgian style. The red pennant stone of the buildings is the same as that used for the nearby landmark building St Edyth’s Church.

Figure 32: Sea Mills Farmhouse, Bowerleaze ©John Roberts 6.3.9 R iverside House is an impressive 18th Figure 34: Sea Mills Junior School, built 1928 century merchant’s house, which stands ©John Roberts out along Sea Mills Lane for its age and architectural quality. The three-storey Classical building (formally part of a pair but now attached to visually insensitive flats) is stucco rendered with fine sash windows and a double height canted stone bay. Figure 35: Second block for infants, built 1931 ©John Roberts

1.29. 6.3.11 Sea Mills Infants School, off Hallen Drive, is distinctive in Sea Mills as it breaks the otherwise small-scale residential character of the northern part of the Garden Suburb. Although distinctive in its 1950s architectural style, reflecting the educational values of its period, it is nonetheless out of character with the architecture and appearance of the Garden Suburb.

Figure 38: New Signal Station 6.3.14 Community landmarks feature in the Conservation Area as buildings that do not necessarily stand out physically, Figure 36: Infants School, off Hallen Drive though function as a hub or community 6.3.12 The Old Signal Station is situated where focus and are well-known and recognised the River Trym meets the River Avon at by local residents. These include: the far end of Sea Mills Lane, beyond • Sea Mills Community Centre the railway bridge. It is a prominent • Doctors Surgery landmark, significant for its late 19th • Portway Rugby Development Centre century architecture and its location at an • Scout Club important point in the navigational control • High Grove Church Hall system of the River Avon. • Sea Mills Station Booking Hall* • Mill House Public House

6.3.15 Sea Mills Station opened in 1865. The stationmaster’s house was built in 1894. In 1907 the station was enlarged and a booking hall, now occupied as business premises, built in an unusual domestic style.

Figure 37: Old Signal Station 6.3.13 The New Signal Station c.1950s, located further along the bank of the Avon from the Old Signal Station, is virtually invisible by land but highly conspicuous from the River Avon, and from the opposite bank. The flat roof form with a rendered turret sets it apart from its surroundings. Figure 39: Sea Mills Station Booking Hall ©John Roberts 30.1. 6.3.16 Historic landmarks are a point or structure that is of historic interest Local Policy References outside the Conservation Area. These include: Bristol Local Plan Policy B2 (I – IV) • Sea Mills Harbour Walls ‘Development should be designed with re- • Remains of a Roman villa gard to the local context. Proposals which • Original railway bridge over the River Trym would cause unacceptable harm to the character and/or appearance of an area, or 6.3.17 The maritime history of Sea Mills is of to the visual impact of historic buildings, significance. The only listed structures views or landmarks, will not be permitted.’ within the Conservation Area are the original harbour walls, which function as a historic landmark.

Figure 40: Grade II listed harbour walls 6.3.18 The remains of a Roman villa lie just east of the Portway, opposite Hadrian Close. This is the earliest historic landmark in the Conservation Area, though it is unlisted and unscheduled.

Landmark Buildings are identified at Map 3

* Unlisted Buildings of Merit (Relative Merit of Unlisted Buildings Map 6)

31.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

Map 3 Landmark Buildings (A3)

1.32. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

7. character ANALYSIS

7.1 overview & Character Areas 7.1.1 Sea Mills Garden Suburb was holistically planned as a unified whole. The area has a spacious and verdant character and setting. The building plots, houses and gardens have a regular size, form and spatial rhythm, with gaps between houses through which glimpses may be had of gardens, green spaces, buildings and vistas beyond.

7.1.2 The verdant character includes planned open and enclosed open spaces, grass verges, focal greens, and tree-lined avenues. Within the uniformity of the spatial layout, however, there is variety, which at the same time maintains the “harmony of the whole”. The Conservation Area also includes small areas to the north and south which are outside the boundaries of the Garden Suburb.

7.1.3 The Conservation Area can be divided into a number of areas of distinct character, each reflecting a particular aspect that goes beyond planned layout and built form.

An overview of Character Areas is shown at Map 4

33.1. E U N 9 E 7 V G 3 School 2 0 8 A R 9 3 3 E Map 4: Sea Mills Conservation2 Area O 3 1 V 2 62.5m V 6 1 O E a 2 R 9 G R O C 3 A Grove Court R A 7 D N 1 8 BE 3 WA R R 1 LK Y 3 5 B a Pond 3 55.2m O El 2 5 0 8 W 35.1m 2 1 Sub 3 E D 2 Sta 5 4 V E b 0 N O 1 C The Retreat R 2 2 L G O 2 60.0m 2 2 1 9 S 0 2 D E 1 Fives TV Relay Mast O 3 1 Court O 8 El Sub Sta 1 N W The Brewhouse Track 1 2 1 T 4 0 W 6 8 5 N House O E 1 2 1 5 D S 1 3 E 3 1 1 2 1 to 1 N D O SE 4 8 8 R L LO H ouse C 9 The Gate House E C HSID E rgrove F SOUT 1 Moo Joden Gables 2 2 Character2 Areas 4 1 Sea Mills Conservatio2 n Area Character Are1 as 9 7 8 1 Joden Gables 7 1 1 4

2 1 7 2 D 5 1 ) 1 2 E LB

7 2 m N 5 u 6 TCB M T ( 1 W s o t h r 9

t o O u 2 a 1 o T r 3 Kingsweston Court H P O g C Quarry 2 t o 4 r is E D 6 o n 3 (disused) 3 G 2 v n

G 1 e R e T S A A N R E H 8 2 U L N E 3 4 O N E D G a o AV 3 D 2 E V E 1 A L E u 4 E R

V 1 D s E E R 4 1 A Y I 1 W 1 e G

1 R C 3 3 t 0 6 o O 1 E 63.1m D a 8 14 Cedar B 3 1 M D 1 M S 3 ) 2 1 Court A B O a 5 a U m K 4 C E 1 O T I Evergreens Wood u El H N R (

4 R El Sub Sta U 7 C G 1 ) Sub Sta N h ) T B a t 4 O 1 I S m 2 H E O a m R 9 P 1 E u U A A S W T u N 1 2 P O ( E A 1 ( S V D 8 R L 5 S A E h E 15 F C 1 t O L G S r E h DA O S s t a E R E T e E U Y R i e a W 6 R O W P 19 O p g S T D C N a a S P V A N tt O H E G L G N L o W O A C C N E A L I 1 V 7 N O S 1 1 E N K O E 8 8 3 O L 1 W 2 N D 8 C U O ) 31 4 E COOMBE m 2 D D 1 77.1m (u N 7 R 1 h 24 1 1 R t 56.0m DINGLE 1 I a V 0 42 2 E P 30 2 F E ll 23 1 i H n Progress Inn 1 to 48 6 s (PH) 35.4m e W Quarry s 3 g (disused) WES 1 in 2 El TBU K 2 Sub Sta 41.1m R Y L 47 ANE 31.1m 11 60 39 49 69.2m 0 ck 2 3 LB 2 4 2 4 ra Blaise Castle 6 o 6 9 T 1 1 t 2 m Estate 9 Try 1 2 ank 1 1 B El Sub Sta 3 2 74 17 1 1 2 7 2 59 2 4 Hilbre 5 D 1 1 45.7m 7 28.3m 3 A d 9 5 O o 1 ER o 1 6 V Blackmore 1 76 8 O The Cedars W 8 4 5 R e 69 G id 4 s 4 th 1 4 u 6 4 1 o b Ponds S Haig Close 73 6 1 Woodlands 3 25.3m 5 1 87 2 4 a 1 Playing Field 4 FS ) 3 13 The m 7 Barn u 1 4 ( 2 Byways 5 h 1 o t t 24.1m a 12 6 P 95 0 1

H 1

s N e A 0 1

g O a a L t 2 85 L T t 3 53.3m 2a P 4 D o E

9 A C N M 6 n 8 Sea Mills

O

0 D O 1 K n 1 I 1 0 Infants School D R b I 1 E C R 5 V R N 7 H GRO IG I G H V I V Allotment Gardens 71 S 4 E 8 E

W 1 4 Downfield E t o

S 8 2 T LB 0 O 7 2 7 N 1 2 P 1 6 a 8 El th FB 6 Sub Sta 1 Stone 2 5a THE DINGLE Stone Southside Gas Valve 64 1 4 Wood Compound 22 3 1 6 Stone 5 LB 126 5 4 7 12 TH 5 11 Childrens Centre 9 E DI NGL 4 E

3 34 - 36 NE 105 20.7m LYA 15 28 UR 1 C 1 TB 103 liff 72.8m ES W 2 K Cl ING 52 Coombe iff S 25.0m Dingle W 1 ES 29.0m TO 19 NR 58.8m 17 El Sub Sta LB O DI A W 89 N G D 129 15 LK L E E WA R TON S OA ck ES T 8 0 D ra P 11 T 64.9m ALV 3 41 1 A 1 Park Lodge 1 4 106 R 3 32 4 Y 4 A 1 4 9 A 6 7 1 7 W 5 0 15 1 8 4 8 1 D N 10 159 LVA E 32.0m SY GP 2 Path 2 1 Stone 4 2 K 4 3 2 8 L 0 9 1 1 2 4 63.4m 3 A 5 NW f if O 7 1 Allotment l T 7 3 1 E Gardens C S V f 6 E f 10 3 i 5 O 6 V l 16 12 6 5 R L C 59.4m A G 1 r H 60 re te 2 G t l 8 I n e e h 0 H S 2 C 1 y Shirehampton Park t 7 9 i 7 f AD n 2 7 if O Hall 9 l E R u 6 9 IN GL 65 S m C D 6 UN m WE G 3 NY o STO 1 H IL C y N 20.1m N L ar C LO O r D S L ib 1 E R L I 4 U 5 N F 5 G 20.7m D 5 R OA X 13 L ON U 2 1 M PT 2 E 9 R EHA 9 2 L El Sub Sta SHI 0 64.3m D V S A 6 1 I U O 1 E N 1 5 f 17 NY 0 R if 4 H 7 T W 7 l 1 ILL OF C R C 2 43 SH a 4 A 2 2 Allotment 2 2 Gardens E 9 L LB 32 A 1 52.4m 8 El Sub Sta 32.0m D 2 2 E 2 3 6 B S 6 H E M L O Golf Course IR B 1 Golf Course E E 4 O 1 R 1 4 C E 9 H T 1 A O U M 4 5 2 N 24 6 N P 2 2 3 2 f E R if T 8 O 1 3 l V O 9 0 A 5 C A N D 1 E R 2a O 31 G Shirehampton Park A 14 D S I D U 8 8 N N 0 R 6 Y 8 11 H IL B E L L 2 1 Y 2 7 2 E 5 5 1 G 1 B 9 9 R W O M m V E O E 3 y r 5 S 2 O

T 3 T 2 C r 1 Shirehampton Park a

P e 7

A v

i

R

1 1 R 7 1

A

Y D

4 A E 2

1 W 2 Allotment Gardens 8 N 5 A 1 17.1m 6 V 6 L 7 1 1 Y 1 5 S 44 32 High Grove H Hall 4 AY a 5 2 T 5 2 O 2 2 5 R 1 5 1 4 3 P 5 TCB 2 A 7 5 El Sub Sta BLAISE WAL K 22 1 to 8 R 4 K B 1 to 8 5 LAI 1 4 SE 6 SIL 2 W KLA 1 23 AL N 3 9 0 3 6 2 K D E 8 S 2 H 0 E G A 4 1 1 l S R V ub O Y 9 V 6 T 5 St E O O a 2 R 1 R 11 P 2 A G Stone R Allotment Gardens K H

G 43.6m I

H 2 6

5 0 Training 3 2 0 Cen tre 1 9 0 7 1 3 3 8 3 9 K 3 L 18 A 20.1m W 1 1 98 6 3 E Shelter S LB Allotment I Gardens 56 A L 2 2 B 4 58 42 Shirehampton Park FB 3 7 9 3 4 2 7 6 SH IR 4 E 6 4 6 Golf Course 1 H 6 0 0 8 AM 1 39 4 Pond 7 P 84 TO N C 47 1 R 70 1 lif O 1 A 6 2 f D 2 41 LB 3 CO 2 OMBE BR W ID GE 39.9m 27 AVEN UE E 5 5 2 9 S TH T EC 1 R 7 6 7 P 5 7 4 E C A S lif R f 18 T C 2 E 0 N 9 A 64 5 E 4 N C D T 13 S 1 E E 5 1 2 3 7 6 6 C 1 R l 5 76 C 3 if 3 7 0 5 f 2 E 2 C

H O 7 T 6 O

2 M 1 1 B 7 Abona 4 E 1 4 4 27.1m 1 5 1 2 7 3 Court D 1 S 11 A 7 L 2 32.3m 0 ea 1 D M M E A et ill 1 C ho s O 4 h di 2 R 52 u r st 4 1 1 ch N Shirehampton Park 6 R 1 6 5 6 A 5 2 o B 6 t E L 29.3m D n L A 12 3 rai AR D E 1 P 6 7 8 B PO ST 9 EA 10

2 3 1

1 3

1 Golf Course 1 PO 32.9m 5 RTW 1 9 AY 3 55

1 4 LB

4 2

1 4 6

2 1 2 1 6 K

L C

A H 29.3m 15 EY 3 W N 1 E 30.2m 3 25 - 36 D R 8 O N A

E El ouse D Hilh 3

D Sub Sta Shelter 1

2 Y O

A O 27.7m 7 W 6 1 W 4 3 N 7 1

A 1 9

V 1 L 2 1

6

C Y lub 3 S 17 - 24 PCs Car Park f

1 f 2 i 2 l 1 2 C

TCB - Club m 1 1 2 1 y 8 1 r 5 T 1 r 39 e 28.7m iv R 6 - 11 7 4 f 2 if 5 l 2 7 C 23 b Recn 1 7 16 1 5 Gd 1 Recreation Ground 13 7 5 1 0 FB 7 8 2 2 3 1 5 5 El 3 1 o 1 1 1 t 6 R Sub Sta 4 f o 1 if c 8 l k 22.6m 1 2 C 12 S 1 HI M R 1 e EH 1 an AM iff P Cl Hi T 1 gh 23.2m 11 ON 04 W 5 R a 4 O t 0 A er a D 8 D 2 A 11 10 Jefferies 4 O 3 2 Be 8 8 1 Price l R 7 00 W l B 2 o a 2 od rn K Mud Be C ll O 3 B a r D 25.6m E n E D W S l D S o ub A 3 A 29 od S 7 O ta P O L 1 R R 1 0 E C 3 iv K e S r ' E O A 1 T H 6 L 3 9 v 2 2 6 1 S o T G n 3 Y N Millpill 8 I D D E Bridge E

S 5 T 8 P O 2 Crabtree Slip Wood S a Playground L t 2 C h 6 PH ( 5 E 5 u W L 8 11.0m 8 m 7 1 G 17.4m O 1 ) N 9 B O I 4 L D D U 2 L 6 5 1 E E Shirehampton Park B A 1 E Z 1 E L 2 15.2m 9 L Tennis Courts 2 9 k C a2 n L 1 9 a P 1 0 B O O S R 6 8 ) T E 8 8 Spreads El 1 6 8 LB m W 15 1 Y TCB 86 u Sub Sta A ( A 1 Y Surgery a th 1 W C 1 1 M a D P o 4 3 a Crabtree Slip Wood F r m 1 A s o T h Shelter E ry m r m Three Acre Covert e M u Hall w Fir Tree River Light s 1 o n t 2 o i d (fixed orange) t o 4 2 6 P y f 1 a r F A T a R 4 d v e o 1 Y 72 2 ) r o 3 M e n m s S u A 7 ( 18.6m t I D 1 P SEA MILLS E 1 th E 5 6 S MP a a 15 S 3 H t Club I 20.7m S R P h E F L H Playing D A 1 L A 0 15.8m I M I A 2 Field L P 6 M T A O 6 O E 55 N 6 R N N - 5 R D S A O 1 ' 7 A 2 L D 2 H W T 1

Playing Field A Y M D L a E K MP r s P T h a Stone th 1 S ( 2 1 um ) 6 7 41 25.9m 5 4

31 9a 0

5 17 2 2 LB 15 49 8 19.5m 4 1 9 KLEA ZE 2 The Pentagon TCB 9 1 BROO P (u a ZE m th ROOKLEA 24.4m 42 3 4 4 Shirehampton B 2 5a ) 2 3 Park 2 3 30 20 45 1 17.7m 1 29.0m T 2 H 14 6

E 1

1 2 2 1 0 2 Three Acre PE 1 15.5m n ath N Covert vo t P TA T f A es GO R o r N Y st Fo ore ity M F un 1 L m 9 E m A o 1 3 C Z 3 9 14 E Post 19 6 E 3 AZ 18 16 LE St Edyth's M N 7 VO Church 1 1 e A 4 a MP 1 1 2 n 5

H 2 22.9m 7 Quarry ig 4 1 h 3 5 (disused) 1 MP Mud W 0 1 5a a 1 2 1 1 F N t L Twr 7 A e E E r Vicarage I W Z L L 13.7m Y 2 A A 8 N M E N 1 3 A HW Pond Surgery L D 4 V S E R 16.5m N Mud 2 C T E O U M R E a W E K 6 r E 1 s O S 4 2 h L B C E 5 E 4 IG 2 4 59 L Twr N H 1 T 9 9 4 R W 8 1 8 I 3 A V L 7 E Sea Mills House K R L Twr C L 1 E E K D E S A R R 4 A L O 2 G Y 4 A R Z N L O D P V E C E 3 AL 2c t E E R o A A L Twr V G Mud 2 9 1 E D 2 El D 9 R 0 N I 0 t U 1 1 E iv G o 6 E R Sub Sta e Sea Mills Junior School A 8 4 C r 6 1 2 1 1 B 0 R 1 7 2 L 1 1 A L Twr L v D to o 2 El E E n Playing Field 1 1 1 3 Sea Mills Reach Signal Light Sub Sta N 2 7 1 FB t 1 C o 1 1 9 E L 1 D O 8 2 I El Sub Sta M 1 1 5 S 2 1 3 S 1 e 6 M E a River Light E Y 5 n (fixed orange) L Twr R S 2 T H O 2 L i 2 t g 1 o C h 0 2 3 1 2 W 8 9 N L Twr t Y 15.2m 7 o 8 a 3 6 t 1 1 2 8 W e 7 4 11.9m L r 6 5 A A 2 H V 8 9 9 LY 8 Mooring Post O LK 2 N 1 N WA D ON AL W MP ET 13.7m E ABL 0 A D A 3 V 1 r E E 0 a L S N i K 5 10 U n W 7 8 2 O E L Twr 3 L A o 2 t C 1 Y 1 9 3 8 L ( 3 L P 1 o L a 5 t t h 1 2 P 3 L ) 2 R 4 9 IL I 8 V 6 1 6 0 El Sub Sta M C E 2 r 1 0 oq R m u 2 ry e L 5 r T t G E e 3 2 r P v 7 e A i 3 e O R 6 n Z s R T E 86 T R W Y M A 7 9 D Y 9 C 9 R 4 4 R U Pavilion 76 O ID 8 E 0 S 8 S 5 3 S S T O M 22.6m R O I E 9 L LL O 3 K P N E C A IL 1 15.8m D A A 8 L 0 D L V C L E U O S N 7 S 8 A 1 School L U E L L 1 House E 2 1 I 21 T M S 6 7 109 A 8 2 1 d E p n m S o la l .3 h g o o 1 9 is n 2 2 h B E c f e S 8 E O k y 5 o S t h r 7 c a O S r L Twr u im L h r C P E 7 C Z 4 S

Outfall A N E 7 2 6 A LCL 4 Mooring Post A 11.0m M R P 3 MP E T O V O L Twr L Twr I N E R W A 21 Y 1 L 0 K 1 0 7 4 C 4 LA 0 Games Court P 2 9 73 0 2 TO 1 1 WN L Twr L Twr 4 A TCB Corporation Yard LK E S

O

L

C 8 Mud D 1 L Twr 3 E 5 3 6 2 0 Abbeywood R 1 9 D Portway 9 L 8 5 E MP 6.25 Rugby 71 M Development 6 e 7 Seamills 9 a 4 n Centre Wood H ig 5 14.0m R h 5 iv 9 e W 4 r a A t 4 v e o r 4 n 2 1 4 5 9 0 to 1 6 M 6 e 4 LB a P n TCB a 4 th H 7 E ( ig S u h A 4 m 2 V O 3 W 1 O L ) Mud N C a A D te MP B W L r 3 B 3 A A E El Sub Sta Y 3 R Y 3 E W H O to 5 1 O 4 MP D 8 1 E 7 9 3

5 V

Club I 4

R D D ra 19.8m 3 i 3 5 n 9 4 Mast S e E D l R 1 a S D Mast 7 7 m ub W U I t i S D o l t l a s W 3 3 O 2 W 8 O o 17.1m D o S d 2 2 D a E Sports Ground A 1 3 S O 7 O R L P D C O E r B u Y R i 1 R 2 M d A T 1 Seamills t L W O W o I C Wood H A S o 1 o 6 T Y M N d S 2 S A 9 R B SM a Mast 1 5 6 1

8 9 6 a 2 7 3 9 Druid Stoke House 6 4 1 5 Seamills (Retirement Home) Wood

1 a Sinks 7 3 S 6 27.7m 1 T MP Sports 8 2 0 L 17.4m 1 5 H E 9 1 27a T Ground P A IL 1 w a N V A MP r t A 7 O Druid h L 6 R Mea N Wood Y n H S i L W C g IL 3 L 1 27b h 7 A O W M Y 3 W MH S 9 0 a Sluice A 6 E te MLW E 7 D 2 M r Mud S 7 A e FB O a Mud R n a S Mud Mud NTL 1 E M 7 B 8 W M 1 H H 9 i M 7 8 O g Trym 2 C h iver S 9 R c 1 5 N 7 A R W 5 B 6 7 FB a er o 1 t t t Coach 5 M e m Mud Wa 1 House u r ry h d T ig S H e an Newbridge House a Me m 1 il ls 7 W KEY r a 2 e Mud 9 o iv 7 31.4m o R d 8 b 3 9 9 N E 7 28 LA S ILL LB PCs A M El SE Sub Sta 14 7 85 6 CHARACTER AREAS o t 1 LB 2 AY 5 e N W s MA u RO N E 9 83 o 22.6m LA 8 H A 8 n 26.2m V LS 1 o O IL b N M o 8 H t A 31.7m

A 4 E 3 W 13 SM S A 3 1 R 9 A ROM Y B 1 AN WA W R 5 3 Y A O U 0 9 VO A O 3 N U B L 6 3 V 1: North of Westbury Lane & Lux Furlong L R L A R A A L E L H W 23 54 15 11 33.2m S 3 9 e 7 a 1 M 2 il l Sea M ills s T o w Upper Signal Station El Sub Sta 14 i n El g (fixed orange S House Sub Sta t 2 P River Light) a 0 5 a t 7 2 Sea Mills Garden Suburb i 3 t o 6 h n The Old N 3 E 5

Signal Station W 4 C 9 M O 33.5m LB Abonae M P 5 Roman Settlement B 1 MP 6 5 E 1 (site of) 6 D 33 R I V E 3 2a: North of The Crescent 82 1

32 18.3m 57 St Christophers 26.5m 8 43 D 17 r Roman Building 36 a H i (remains of) n A D R 9 I a 1 A 31 2 Sea Mills N 32 59 7 1 C 3 9 2b: Sea Mills Square Signal Station 7 L 9 6 O 3 2 25.0m S E 1 Allotment 5 28 Y 1 A 3 Gardens 3 3 C MP W 61 om T m R 1 1 un 1 O 6 ity 1 P 4 F P 0 3 o a re 2c: The Dorlonco Houses (Woodleaze/ t s h 5 GL 6 t E 3 P ( N a S u A t K V h m O e N 2 v Shelter R P ) A e A 1 R r P P K n IN 2 5 N 6 W MP 3.5 E O 4 R a 1 V I y 2 8 D 8 Trymside/Brookleaze) A 1 G a N E 1 E C L L 1 G O to S 1 E 6

Y

A 1 n i 7 3 a W r 9 6 D A 7 8 2 N 9 2 Glenavon 3: The Trym Valley & River Avon I 6

3 Court R

B 21.3m

MP A 2 8 E S 1 a V o 3 t 4 I 1 1 R

D A

O l l 4 E o L t O Westonian m D

H 1 a Court e S 1 S l t

n S E N E t b

u E G S

S E R Conservation Area a M 3 4 2 4 D r O 1 e d 0

H a e 5 P M

n A n e H s R a 3 1 i K n g 1 5

h 2 H 1 i W g o K a t 4 h 1 t 1 R e 9 W 1 A r 8 P a 1

t N e 1 a 1 O r Cedar 5 4 V Court A N S E 5 N L 1 E D G R 4 17.7m 17.4m A GH IS Scale 2 D 0 N E 7 V n A i C a 8 0 70 r 140 a Old D 7 2 Sneed 1 Park

d

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Metres M k c 9a 9 a r n

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e )

v h

i t a R 6 P 1 ( 2 y h 2 a t a W P n 2 r 2 e ta This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with v S e Pond ub S S ck l a E Tr 25.9m

the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the d u 2 2 6 7 M Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Pond

Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright Pond h t 2

a 9

P 4 and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. 2 ck a Tr Pond 3 Bristol City Council. 100023406. 2010. 0

3 Job No: 10-058 2 Sluice

4 1 3 Old Sneed Park 2 2 Tank 1 a 1.34. Thirty Acre Wood Alderdown Wood

Path (um) l o n Hi l

Kin gs West 80.2 m

Tu mul us Sea Mills Conservation AreaTu mul us Character Areas 21

Blaise Castle Estate

Path (um)

Henbury Lodge

13 64.3 m 1: North of Westbury Lane & Lux Furlong 18 76 16 Path (um)

74

Sto ne 5 AV E NU E El Sub S ta 72 BENV ILLE 14

DRAYTO

59 1 Path (um) Southside Wood 63.1 m 70

N

ROA

12 4 D

22 57a NAPIER MILES ROAD 6 66 5 32 10

SOUTHWOOD 4 44 DRIV 2 E E AST 60 42 57 1 Evergreens Wood AV E NU E 105 59.4 m 55 58 3 52 1 ARD STOCK 5 GROVE ROAD CH Path (um) 1 53.0 m 69 93 102 100 Kin gs Westo n Hi ll 103 104 68.9 m 71 9 1 113 98 El 87 8 9 Sub S ta Path (um) 93 96 59 73 75 54 83 80 E

80 86 49 78 Path (um) 29 77 Blaise Castle 84 KINGS WESTON ROA D 75 THWOOD DRIVE SOU 82 BEECHFIELD GROV 47 52 76 19 E 65 21 45 Estate 85 13 71 OD AVENU 13 51 31 4 3 Recreation Ground 68 17 SOUTHWO 58 39 4 1 56 64 1 62 6 CL OS E 33 60 48 68 54 Southside Wood CL OS E 11 37 64.0 m BILBERRY ARDERN 64

1 12 9

46 7 69 5 10 56 8 42 60 38 5 40 36 46 6 28 30 43 2 4 3

34 53 32 E 4 V 3

14 46

ARBUTUS DRI 43.6 m 4 1 LB

ALDERCOMBE RO 8 33 50 34 1 34 75.0 m 41 9a Th e 12 Wa lle d 10 10 Garden 36 57 21 32

AD

53 8 CLIFTON & HOTWELLS 55

24 22 20 11 2 2 MULBERRY WALK 11 2 41 43 9 23 13 SOUTHWOOD DRIVE 9 27

38 32 39 1 GROVE AVENUE 62.5 m 12 Character Appraisal 9 CR ANBE RR Y

1 8 WAL K 13

30 BOWDEN CLOSE El

15 Sub Sta

7.1.1 character Area 1 22 2 20 12 29 TV Relay Mast 8 Track 11

5 26 18 11 DENTWOOD GROVE 15 3 2 1 to 31 14 CL OS E rgrove House north of Westbury Lane & Lux Furlong 19 SOUTHS ID E Moo Joden Gables

2 19 24 18 7 Joden Gables 7 1 11

14 2 5 12 1 LB 27 DENTWOOD GROVE

TC B 6 9 MoorgroveHouse

Path (um) Qu arr y 2 1to 31 (dis use d) Tennis Courts

8

ALDERCOMBE ROAD 3 12 14 WYEDA LE AVENUE 1 30 31 14 1 3

21 15 4 Evergreens Wood 1a El ROAD El Sub Sta Sub S ta 24

ARBUTUS DRIVE HARFOR

12 Path (um) 18 1 15 15

SOUTHWOOD DRIVE Path (um) WYEDA LE AVENUE GROVE WE STON 19 D Path (um)

1 AVE NUE KIN GS

28 CL OS E 31 24 77.1 m

24 11 56.0 m 10 Path (um) 42 30 22 23 Progress Inn 48 (PH) 35.4 m Qu arr y (dis use d) WE STBURY LAN Kin gs Westo n Hi ll El 22 Sub S ta 41.1 m 47 E 31.1 m 60 39 49 22 43 Blaise Castle 64 Track Estate 21 29 11 13

2 74 17 1 12 59 42 17 15 45.7 m 27 28.3 m 9 16 18 Blackmore 14 76 Th e C ed ars 8 69 44 16 4b Southside Wood 6 Ha ig C lo se 73 Woodlands 13 5 87 12 4a 4 FS 3 13

2 1 24.1 m Path (um) 95 10 to 17

10

HALLENDRIV E 85 53.3 m

9 Sea M ill s 6

Infants School COMPTON 108 101 75 DRIVE HIGH GROVE Allotment Gardens 1 71 84 4 Downfield 1to 8

LB 70 2

11 2 El 68 Sub S ta 1 2 Gas Valve 64 1 Compound 122 6 55 126 45 Ch ild ren s Ce ntre 117 129 THE DINGLE

43 34 - 3 6 105 LAN E 128 115 Cli 103 ff WESTBURY 2 Cli ff KINGS WESTON 52 Coombe 25.0 m Din gl e 1 29.0 m 19 ROAD 58.8 m 17 El Sub Sta LB 89 DINGLE R 129 15 WE ST OAD 64.9 m 118 ALVESTON WALK 130 PARADE Park L od ge 141 41 106 34 132 41 9 41 157 87 85 106 159 104 32.0 m SYLVAN WAY GP 12 Sto ne 242 94 32 24 10 15 38 WAL K Allo tmen t 77 13 Ga rde ns Cli ff 5 66 35 ALVESTON Cli ff 59.4 m GR OVE 1 60 82 HIGH She lter 10 2

9 Ha ll 27 77 69 9 65 Cli ff SUNNY HILL WE ST ON CL O SE 36 Co mmun ity C entre 1

14 Lib rar y DINGLE VIEW 55 20.7 m 13 LU X FU RL ONG 25 29 1 20 16 SUNNY 11 75 14 HI 70 LL Cli ff 43 ASHCROFT ROAD Allo tmen t Ga rde ns 92 LB 32 18 DAL E 52.4 m El Sub Sta 32.0 m 26 2 63 Go lf Co urse SHIRE HAM PTON ROAD ELBE RTON ROAD COOMBE 14 41

24 65 228 24 13 2 30 59 Cli ff

1 31 Shirehampton P ark 14 SUNNY HILL 8 68 80 ELY GROVE 2 15 21 57

9

WE ST PARADE 53 2

2 31

7a

1 11 Riv er Try m 7

14 22 Allotment Gardens 58 1 17.1 m 66

SYLVAN WAY 1 51 44 Hig h Gro ve 32 Ha ll 54 214 5a 23 55 5 TC B El Sub Sta BLAISE WALK 22 1 to 8 47 52 1 to 8

BLAISE WALK 16 45 SILKLANDS GROVE 210 3 6 23 20 48 El Sub Sta

19

51

1 11 Sto ne Allotment Gardens 43.6 m HIGH GROVE

2

56 Tra in ing 200 Ce ntre Map 4a: Character Area 1 13 37

38

20.1 m 198 1 36 She lter LB Allo tmen t Ga rde ns 56 BLAISE WALK

2 42 58

42 more varied than in the Garden Suburb,FB

37 46 7.1.1a This character area forms the 29 SHIRE HAM PTON ROAD 46 66 40 187 184 39

Cli ff

70 11 12 26 41 but have an overall cohesivenessLB through 23 39.9 m 27 northernmost portion of the Conservation WE ST PARADE TH E

175 CR ESCE NT 76 47 Cli ff 182

49 having a fairly consistent13 building line, 51 17 26 36 176 Cli ff Area; including the area marked 35 27 20 THE CRESCENT COOMBEDALE

2

1

174 Abo na 14 173 27.1 m 24 regularCo urt gaps between dwellings, and 170 11

Sea M ill s 1 32.3 m 2 as ‘Reserved for Mr. Miles for Small Metho di st Church 152 24 166 Shirehampton P ark 165

26 29.3 m E 12 3 to 5 mostly 1inter-War housing types.6 7 8 Seen as 9 PO EAST PARAD 10

Holdings’ on the original Garden Suburb 23

11 Go lf Co urse 15 13 32.9 m 155 13 LB

14

24 12 a whole, 2 the buildings make a positive14 153 plan (see Historic Development) together 30.2 m 138 25 - 3 6 El Hil ho use She lter Sub S ta

12

WOODEND WALK 147

contribution to the character13 and

123 Clu b 16 with an area beyond theSYLVAN WAYnorthern 17 - 2 4 PCs

2 1215 - 12 Clu b TC B Cli ff 1 128 appearance of the1 Conservation Area. 139

boundary of the original Garden Suburb, 28.7 m Riv er Try m 4 - 11

2 52 Cli ff 37 Re cn 116 17 Gd 15 Recreation Ground 137 123 FB El 1 marked by the middle51 of Westbury 38 114 Sub S ta 16 22.6 m 18 to 2 0 Cli ff 2 121 SHIRE HAM PTON RO

104 Cli ff 23.2 m 7.1.1d Nos. 6-24 Westbury115 Lane, c.1910, AD Lane. It is an essential ‘setting40 area’ 28a 102 Jefferies 113 Price Bell Barn 100 Wo od 28 Bel l Barn Wood 27

Scale 25.6 m predate the Garden Suburb and have a3 37 29 103 0 of the50 Garden100 Suburb, which continues 1 1 32 96 26 1 Mil lpi ll Metres DINGLE CLOSE Bridge

ST EDYTH' S ROAD 25

Path (um) similar character to the adjacent houses Playground 26 the verdant, spacious and5 low density PH 11.0m 18 WOOD LEA ZE 17 17.4 m 94 DINGLE CLOSE This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with BLUEBELL CLOSE 25 16 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalfShirehampton of Pthe ark 15.2 m of the21 Kings Weston and Trym Valley Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Tennis Courts character and broadly consistent1 building 1 Unauthorised reproductionPORTWAY infringes Crown copyright 8 El 16 16 8 Sub S ta 15 Surgery and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. 11 Path (um) Co mmun ity Fore st P ath 14 Crabtree Slip Wood She lter 13 Bristol City Council. 100023406. 2010. Fo res t o f Avon Conservation AreaMEADWAY to the east. These Three Acre Covert Ha ll style, but with noticeable differences. 2 14

Job No: 10-058 TRYM SIDE 4 13

18.6 m SEA MILLS 15 S 15 SEA Clu b

detached family houses sit in large plotsMILL 7.1.1b The area was previously farmland owned containing many mature trees (some with by the Kings Weston Estate, apart from Tree Preservation Orders), on the same east of and including 24 Westbury Lane, building line. Arts & Crafts influenced, which was once part of the Blaise Castle they have projecting gables with Estate, owned by the Harford Family - decorative barge boards, and clay tiled reflected in the name of 24 Westbury roofs, their windows are an early modern Lane ‘Harford Lodge’. example of side hung timber casements. Originally pebble-dash rendered with 7.1.1c Overall, there is a high quality townscape stone quoins, they are now mainly colour characterised by general low density, washed. bungalow or 2 storey dwellings set in large garden plots. The dwellings are

1.35. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 7.1.1i Nos. 220 - 242 (evens) Shirehampton Road are mostly detached, sitting on a slightly raised bank with views over the road to the golf course in Shirehampton Park. The houses were designed for the Kings Weston Estate by W.G.Newton and built in 1929-30. There were two types of detached house, the Type L2 and the Type T, together with two semi-detached pairs which were “Type T Double”.

Figure 41: Edwardian house, Westbury Lane 7.1.1e The Kings Weston Estate largely influenced the inter-war development of this area, with house plans either drawn up by the Estate or designed by the firm W.G.Newton & Partners in conjunction Figure 42: Shirehampton Road houses with it. William Godfrey Newton was the ©John Roberts son of Ernest Newton, the assessor for 7.1.1j Lux Furlong was built in 1934, and 14-32 the 1919 Bristol Housing Competition (evens) and 17-39 (odds) Elberton Road (see Garden Suburb Housing Types). in 1935-7. Nos. 34 and 41 Elberton Road were built in 1931/2 and are the same 7.1.1f Nos. 108-130 (evens) Westbury Lane are “Type L2” found on Shirehampton Road. mostly detached individually architect- Nos.18 & 20 Elberton Road are detached designed 1930s houses in considerably houses of some merit, adopted from larger plots than those of the Garden elevations by W.G.Newton, on the corners Suburb. These contribute positively to of Lux Furlong. The semi-detached Lux the high quality spacious and verdant Furlong and Elberton Road houses, have townscape of this side of Westbury Lane a similar plot size, building line, and and to the Conservation Area, with the rhythm of gaps between them as in the exception of no. 128 & 130. Garden Suburb. In some instances, the uniformity of size and appearance and 7.1.1g At the west end of Westbury Lane, the the front building line has been spoiled area ‘Reserved for Mr. Miles for Small by extensions and porches. Holdings’ on the original Garden Suburb plan was developed between 1929 and 7.1.1k Nos. 48 - 74 (evens) Westbury Lane, 1937; including nos. 220 - 242 (evens) built in 1935/6, are the same design as Shirehampton Road, 127-145 (odds) the Elberton Road houses, but with some Westbury Lane, 14-34 (evens), 17-41 variants of materials and finish. Sitting on (odds) Elberton Road, and Lux Furlong. a slight bank they form a group with the former Progress Inn though are similar 7.1.1h In the main, the area was developed by in size to the Garden Suburb houses and various builders working to architectural have a similar rhythm of gaps between plans drawn up or commissioned, and them. ultimately approved, by the Kings Weston

Estate. These developments are similar 7.1.1l The Iron Bridge public house, formerly to the Garden Suburb, though not part the Progress Inn, is a Landmark Building of the original plan and with subtle and an Unlisted Building of Merit. differences. 7.1.1m To the east is a row of 1930s 1.36. shops, which offer an opportunity for sympathetic improvement or reinstatement of their shopfronts. East of the shops are three bungalows built at the same time as the Sea Mills estate (c. 1927). They share the same building line as adjacent houses to the east and occupy similar plot sizes. Architecturally, they complement the Garden Suburb houses opposite. Figure 43: Haig Close

7.1.1p Haig Close is a small estate on a slope either end. A green close to its junction towards the western end of Westbury with Harford Close marks the original Lane that complements the character line of the lane before it was widened and appearance of the Garden Suburb and realigned in the early 1930s. The and is of special merit in the contribution greens, hedges, trees, and gardens of it makes to the wider Conservation this character area complement the Area. Built as almshouses for disabled character and appearance of Sea Mills ex-service men of the City of Bristol Garden Suburb. and their families, on land given by Philip Napier Miles. Originally ‘Douglas 7.1.1r Roughly 60m above sea level, this area Haig Mens Homes’, 16 houses were enjoys excellent views into the Garden built in 1929-30 in a symmetrical layout Suburb, as well as far-reaching views around a focal green. Six cottages, by towards Stoke Bishop, city, the Avon, and W.G.Newton, were added in 1936 and beyond. It is also important in views from two in 1955. The front range is decorated these places towards the Kings Weston with a bust of General Haig. ridge.

7.1.1q Westbury Lane has a focal green at Strengths Opportunities High quality townscape Sympathetic replacement or reinstatement of traditional architectural details or boundary treatments Verdant, spacious and low density Improved signage and shopfront design for the group of 1930s shops Cohesive architectural character Appropriate refurbishment and re-use of the former Progress Inn public house Complements the character and appearance of Sea Mills Garden Suburb Survival of the original layout with original plots, building lines, greens, trees and hedges Weaknesses Threats Loss of traditional architectural details, Unsympathetic redevelopment of dwellings, public notably the group of shopfronts house, or the shops Loss of traditional garden plots and boundary Loss of traditional architectural details, hedges, treatments and garden plots, out of character accretions Large satellite dish associated with the pub Out of character extensions and dormers Over-development of single plots or amalgamation of plots, and/or alterations to the building line 37.1. 46 43 4 2 3 34 53 43

ALDERCOMBE ROAD 14 46 43.6m 4 1 ARBUTUS DRIVE LB Sea Mills Conservation33 Area Character Areas 8 50 34 1 41 9a 12 10 Walled 32 36 57 21 8 Sea Mills Garden55 Suburb - 2a: North of The Crescent 24 Garden 22 20 11 MULBERRY WALK2 2 11 2 39 43 9 23 13 9 32 27 38 1 39 62.5m 12 9 GROVE AVENUE CRANBERRY 37 1 8 BOWDEN CLOSE 13 35a 30 El 15

22 20 2 12 TV Relay Mast 29 Track 8 11 5 18 26 3 2 14 1 to 31 15 8

SOUTHSIDE 19 Joden Gables

DENTWOOD GROVE 2 19 18 24 7 7 1 Joden Gables 11

5 14 2 1 27 LB 6 THE GRANGE CLIFTON & HOTWELLS 1 to 31 9 ALDERCOMBE ROAD 2 3 (disused) Path (um) 8 3 Tennis Courts 12 14 4 1 30 WYEDALE AVENUE 31 6a 14 1 3 15

21 4 Character Appraisal 1a 7.1.2 character Area 2a El Sub Sta Sub Sta 7 12 24 GROVE AVENUE 18 1 15 6 WYEDALE AVENUE 19 ARBUTUS DRIVE Path (um) sea Mills Garden Suburb - North of The Crescent 1 28 31 24 CLOSE 11 24 56.0m 42 30 22 23 Progress Inn 48 35.4m Quarry El 22 41.1m 47 39 31.1m 11 60 49 22 64 43

Estate 21 11 13 29 2 74 12 1 17 27 17 15 59 28.3m 42 Hilbre 9 45.7m 16 14 76 18 8 69 5 16 44 4b 6 Haig Close 73 13 5 87 12 4a 4 FS 1 3 13 Byways 2 1 HALLEN DRIVE 24.1m

95 10

10 to 17 85 2a 53.3m 9 Sea Mills DRIVE 6 108 101 75 HIGH GROVE Allotment Gardens 71 84 1 to 8 Downfield 4 LB 70 2 11 2 68 El 1 2 64 1 3 4 6 122 45 126 55 11 7 129 THE DINGLE 34 - 36 105 20.7m LANE 115 Cliff 2 103 52 1 29.0m 25.0m Dingle 17 19 El Sub Sta LB DINGLE ROAD 129 15 89 PARADE 11 8 130 34 141 41 106 ALVESTON41 WALK 132 9 87 104 85 SYLVA N WAY 12 32 94 15 24 38 10 13 WALK 77 Gardens Cliff 5 66 60 1 82 2 HIGH Shelter 10 9 27 SUNNY HILL Hall 69 9 WESTON CLOSE 77 65 DINGLE VIEW Cliff 1 36 14 55 Community LibraryCentre 29 20.7m 20 25 13 1 LUX FURLONG SUNNY HILL 16 11 14 70 75 43 Cliff Allotment 2a ASHCROFT ROAD 92 18 LB 32 El Sub Sta 32.0m DALE ELBERTON ROAD 26 2 63 41 14 24 2 65 24 13 30 59 1 Cliff 31 SUNNY HILL 14 8 ELY GROVE 2 68 WEST PARADE 80 15 21 57

9

31 2 2 53

7a

7 1 11

22 River Trym 14 Allotment Gardens 58 1 17.1m 1 66 51 44 High Grove SYLVAN WAY 32 214 54 5a 22 TCB BLAISE WALK 22 55 47 52 El Sub Sta BLAISE WALK 16 SILKLANDS1 GROVEto 8 210 45 20 3 6 23 48 19 51 26 1 11 Allotment Gardens Stone 43.6m

2 HIGH GROVE Training 56 200 13 30 37

39

198 1 20.1m Shelter 36 Gardens 56 2 58 42 42 BLAISE WALK FB 37 37 46 29 40 46 187 184 66 39 Cliff 11 12 70 WEST PARADE 26 41 LB 27 23 39.9m THE 52 175 Cliff 182 76 47 49 13 COOMBE DALE 36 17 26 Cliff 176 51 35 27 20

2

1 THE CRESCENT174 173 27.1m 14 24 Court 170 11 32.3m Methodist 1 24 166 152 165 26 29.3m 1 12 3 to 5 6 7 PO 10

23 EAST PARADE 15 32.9m 155 11 LB

14 24 2 14 153 30.2m 138 Hilhouse Shelter 12 El 147

1 2 3

13 Club 16

WOOD END WALK 17 - 24 SYLVAN WAY PCs 12 15- 2 12 1 Club TCB 128 Cliff 139 1 28.7m 4 - 11 76 52 2 River Trym Cliff Recn 37 11 6 Recreation Ground 137 17 123 FB 51 1 El 38 114

22.6m 2 121 18 to 20 Cliff

115 104 Cliff 40

28a 113 Bell Barn 100 Jefferies 84 27 28

3 25.6m 37 El 29 103 Map 4b: Character Area 2a 1 32 96 1 1 26 Millpill

25 WOODLEAZE26 Playground 7.1.2cDINGLE CLOSE This area has an unblemished red BLUEBELL5 CLOSE PH ST EDYTH'S ROAD 11.0m 85 18 7.1.2a Although the Garden Suburb was17 designed 17.4m 94 25 16 DINGLE CLOSE 21 roofscape, which is a significant part15.2m of92 Tennis Courts a as a homogenous1 entity, there are subtle 1 90 88 El 15 16 8 8 LB 86 Forest of Avon Surgery 14 11 its character. Apart from some 2-storeyTrymwood Parade 13 butThree Acrediscernible Covert Hall character differences MEADWAY 2 6 14 13 4

SEA MILLS FAILAND WALK extensions, the original15 simple square or1 Club 15 within it. North of The Crescent, the 10

15.8m 2 6

MILLS 1 2 2 area has an undulating landscape. It 1 rectangular roof forms mostly remain, 1 1 6 7 25.9m 41 ST EDYTH'S ROAD 31 with no dormers. 5 2 5 LB 15 17 20 comprisesScale curving streets which8 generally 19.5m 1 4 29 0 50 100 The Pentagon 9 1 BROOKLEAZE (um) 3 24.4m 42 24 Metres 2 Park 2 30 33 follow the contour lines,1 straight 20 17.7m 1 14 PENTAGON 10 TRYMLEAZE 2 2 21 15.5m Three Acre 11 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with 7.1.2d Sylvan Way, a tree-lined boulevard 19 the permissionaxial of Ordnance Survey roads on behalf of the which crossForest of Avon these, and the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. 13 Post 14 Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright 18 36 16 St Edyth's with wide14 grass verges, forms the main and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings.152 17 1 2 Bristol curvingCity Council. 100023406. 2010.Coombe22.9m Dale which follows the 47 Job No: 10-058 20 13 L Twr 11 Vicarage artery through13.7m the area. Although topography of the Trym SurgeryValley. 38 slightly spoiled by extensions, porches, 7.1.2b This area includes two secondary some material alterations, and loss or centres: one at the focal green in alterations to front boundary treatments, Coombe Dale, the other where West it is one of the most attractive roads in Parade and Sunny Hill cross Sylvan Way in the Garden Suburb. Many of the original front of the Library. privet hedges remain, which, together with the trees and grass verges, give the road a very verdant appearance. 1.38. 7.1.2e Sylvan Way and the south side of 7.1.2h Other than the main through-routes, Westbury Lane have similar house types: and occasional traditional brick houses semi-detached WDB5s and CNA5s, in High Grove and Compton Drive, the punctuated by occasional terraces of remaining houses are mainly Parkinson WDA5s (see Garden Suburb Housing PRC type. A number of the original Types), all in red brick. Some of the Parkinsons were demolished and WDA5s attractively step down to follow sympathetically rebuilt in the 1990s; the slope of Westbury Lane. though others have recently been repaired in a finish which is out of character with the rest of the Garden Suburb.

7.1.2i Relatively small individual changes to houses, cumulatively threaten the character and appearance of the area. No. 79 Coombe Dale was recently demolished and rebuilt; it now has a much larger footprint, and the finish and door surrounds are out of character Figure 44: Westbury Lane © Tim Wallis with its neighbours. The two front door openings are out of character with the 7.1.2f Sylvan Way also includes Arts & Crafts whole of the Garden Suburb. The front style HBA5 houses, which flank some of garden has been overlain with block the road junctions. The catslide roofs paving. (See Negative Features). emphasise the openness of the corners, e.g near the Library, and at the junction 7.1.2j This character area includes a number of with Compton Drive. planned open spaces and enclosed open spaces, including a number of allotment 7.1.2g Attractive “butterfly” houses, CBE5s, areas still used for their original purpose, the only ones of this type in the Garden although a number have been lost to infill Suburb, flank the junction of Westbury development, or have become overgrown Lane with Hallen Drive. (see Section 5).

7.1.2k The Coombe Dale enclosed open space, bounded by Coombe Dale, East Parade, Blaise Walk, and Sunny Hill, contributes positively to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area. On a slope in an undulating landscape, it is visible from Coombe Dale as it winds down from Weston Close; from the focal green where Sunny Hill; Dingle View and Coombe Dale meet; and in more distant views. This space is currently overgrown, and its restoration would enhance Figure 45: Hallen Drive/Westbury Lane the character and appearance of the © Tim Wallis Conservation Area.

7.1.2h Numbers 3/5 and 5/7 Westbury Lane, 7.1.2l The enclosed open space bounded by built privately in 1929, were designed by Compton Drive, Sylvan Way and Westbury Alfred E. Oaten who also designed Sea Lane is an attractive well-used allotments Mills Junior School. area accessed by a footpath. 39.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 7.1.2o The Infants School building off Hallen Drive is of architectural interest in its own right, being a typical example of a 1950s “coastline” plan, reflecting the educational values of its period. It sits well within its site. Nonetheless its design is alien to that of the original Garden Suburb, having none of the characteristics which define the Suburb’s Figure 46: Coombe Dale enclosed open space character and appearance. 7.1.2m The enclosed open space bounded by Sylvan Way, High Grove, Shirehampton 7.1.2p Other post WWII developments have also Road and Ely Grove, marked “Play failed to respect the otherwise consistent Space” on the original blueprints, and scale, plot sizes, massing, materials, “Allotment Gardens” on the 1950’s O.S. layout and overall character of the area. Map, is currently mostly overgrown with E.g Silklands Grove, Wood End Walk, the some allotment use and garaging. Training Centre, the Community Centre. There is an unattractive electricity 7.1.2n A pair of semi-detached houses, nos. 46 substation with unattractive metal & 48 West Parade were lost to provide railings in Coombe Dale (see Negative an entrance to the Children’s Centre, Features). built in an enclosed open space originally designated for extra gardens, to the detriment of the designed layout of the Garden Suburb. Strengths Weaknesses The survival of the original street layout with the Electricity sub-station on Coombe Dale and original plots, greens, trees and hedges associated palisade fencing Uniform red roofscape of simple square or Some overgrown enclosed open spaces rectangular roof forms Good use of some enclosed open spaces as Extensions and loss of traditional allotments architectural details, finishes, privet hedges and front gardens The area is very important in views from the river Loss of original planned enclosed open spaces Avon and the more southerly part of Sea Mills to infill development and uses other than towards Kings Weston ridge originally designated The way the streets relate to natural topography Lack of play space and informal open space Opportunities Threats Increase use and community function of allotment Loss of enclosed open spaces and allotments gardens and enclosed open spaces to unsympathetic development Sympathetic replacement/reinstatement of Continued loss of privet hedges and front architectural details, privet hedges, front gardens gardens Protection of focal greens near the Library from Loss of local views and glimpses into gardens moving traffic and to rear elevations New boundary treatment or visual improvements to Possible unsympathetic redevelopment when electricity substation Infants School becomes redundant New extensions, porches, unsympathetic alterations, replacement windows and doors in non-traditional materials; loss or alteration to the uniform red roofscape or roof forms 1.40. 13 5 87 12 4 FS 3 13

2 1 HALLEN DRIVE 24.1m

95 10

10to 17 85 53.3m 9 Sea Mills Conservation Area CharacterSea Mills AreasDRIVE 108 101 75 HIGH GROVE Allotment Gardens 71 84 1 to 8 Downfield LB 70 11 Sea Mills Garden Suburb - 2 68 El 64 1 122 6 126 55 11 7 129 43 2b: Sea Mills Square34 - 36 105 128 LANE 11 5 2 103 52 1 29.0m 25.0m 58.8m 17 19 El Sub Sta 129 15 89 PARADE 11 8 34 141 106 41 ALVESTON41 WALK 9 87 104 SYLVAN WAY 12 32 94 15 24 38 10 13 77 Gardens 5 66 60 1 ALVESTON 82 2 HIGH Shelter 10 9 Hall 27 77 SUNNY HILL 69 9 WESTON CLOSE 65 DINGLE VIEW 1 36 14 55 Community LibraryCentre 29 20 25 13 1 LUX FURLONG SUNNY HILL 16 11 14 70 75 43 Allotment 32 ASHCROFT ROAD 7.1.3 character18 Area 2b LB El Sub Sta 32.0m DALE ELBERTON ROAD 26 2 63 41 14 24 2 65 sea Mills Garden Suburb24 - Sea Mills Square 30 13 59 1 31 SUNNY HILL 14 8 ELY GROVE 68 WEST PARADE 15 2 80 21 57

9

31 2 2 53 7a 1 7 11

22 14 Allotment Gardens 58 1 17.1m 1 66 51 32 High Grove SYLVAN WAY 44

214 54 23 5a TCB BLAISE WALK 22 55 1 to 8 47 52 BLAISE WALK 16 SILKLANDS GROVE 210 45 20 3 23 6 19 48

51 1 11 Allotment Gardens Stone 43.6m 2 HIGH GROVE Training 56 200 13 37

198 1 20.1m Shelter 36 Gardens 56 58 2 42 BLAISE WALK

37 46 29 40 187 184 66 39

11 12 70 WEST PARADE 26 41 LB 39.9m 27 23 THE 175 182 76 47 49 17 26 13 COOMBE DALE 36 176 51 35 27 20

2

1 THE CRESCENT174 173 27.1m 14 24 Court 170 11 32.3m Methodist 2 24 165 166 152 26 29.3m 12 3 to 5 6 7 PO 1 8

23 EAST PARADE 15 32.9m 155 LB 14 2 24 153 30.2m 138

Shelter 12 Sub Sta 147

1 32

13 Club 2b 16 SYLVAN WAY PCs 12 - 15 2 12 1 Club TCB 128 139 1 28.7m 4 - 11 52 2 Recn 37 11 6 Recreation Ground 137 17 123 51 11 4 1 Sub Sta 38 22.6m 2 121 18 to 20

11 5 104 40

28a 11 3 100 27 28

25.6m 37 29 103 1 32 26

Path (um)

25 26 DINGLE CLOSE WOODLEAZE Playground

5 ST EDYTH'S ROAD 18 17 17.4m 25 16 Shirehampton Park DINGLE CLOSE 21 Tennis Courts 1 1 15 16 8 Forest of Avon Sub Sta 14 11 Surgery

13 Three Acre Covert Hall MEADWAY 2 14 13

SEA MILLS FAILANDWALK 15 Club 15 10 15.8m 6

1 2 2

1

1 1 6 7 25.9m 41 ST EDYTH'S ROAD 31 2 5 LB 15 17 20 8 4 19.5m 1 The Pentagon 9 1 BROOKLEAZE 29 (um) 24.4m 42 3 2 24 Park 2 30 33 1 14 26

10 PENTAGON TRYMLEAZE 2 2 21 Map 4c: Character15.5m Three Area Acre 2b 11

Forest of Avon 7.1.3c Where Shirehampton Road 13crosses the Post 14 19 18 36 16 St Edyth's 14 152 17 7.1.3a This character area centres on Sea Mills1 22.9m centreFAILAND CRESCENT of the Square there are two semi- 47

17 L Twr 11 Vicarage STOKELEIGH WALK Square and the streets that radiate from 14 13.7m Surgery circular features, the northern38 one has 2

RIVERLEAZE 2 it. L ItTwr is at the148 heart of the Conservation 44 59 9 BOWERLEAZE 3 an early lampstandard. An attractive Sea Mills House L Twr 1 Area physically, as well providing 4 3 to 9 GARDEN CLOSE Millennium stone of lettered Cornish L Twr 2 to 8 Sea Mills Junior School 6 11 to 17 2 46 L Twr the main shopping area for the local El 12 to 18 71 Playing Field 2 1 11 granite is sited in the southeastern green. 136 1 52 El Sub Sta L Twr 22 to 28 community. 13 Adjacent21 to 27 to theTRYM SIDE red telephone box in the L Twr Scale 15.2m 7 16 1 11 .9m 83 0 40 80 54 8 29 Metres southwestern green is Addison’s oak tree13.7m ABLETON WALK 102 85 L Twr 2 RIVERLEAZE 15 31 to 37 7.1.3bThis map is reproducedSea from Mills Ordnance Survey Smaterialquare with is the124 formal (see Historic Development section). the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the 32 to 38 101 66 Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. PORTWAY 25 Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright 33 and maycentrepiece lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. of the Garden Suburb, sited 86 River Trym Bristol City Council. 100023406. 2010. 97 Job No: 10-058 76 where the topography is level. The 30 22.6m 7.1.3d From much of the Square the backdrop39 of Square is geometrically laid out with five Kings Weston Hill is visible. As the houses greens. North of the main road through of the Garden Suburb are all two-storey the Square, a semi-circular green is with gaps between, the sky is very open, divided into thirds by West Parade and creating a feeling of both enclosure and East Parade. South of the main road, openness. A recent planting of oak trees a rectangular green is bisected by St. has provided a spatial framework that Edyth’s Road running southwards. The reinforces the Square’s formal layout. perimeter of the five greens is framed by another road which encloses them.

41.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 7.1.3e The two arms of West Parade and 7.1.3h A 1950s concrete toilet block in the East Parade lead the eye away from northeastern green interrupts the original the Square to be terminated by semi- composition of the Square and the detached houses but with the vistas of, balance of the intended layout. A recent respectively, Kings Weston Hill and the planning application has been approved trees of the Trym Valley behind and rising to turn the block into a community above the houses. facility and cafe.

7.1.3f The Square is enclosed by a perimeter 7.1.3i Abona Court, a residential extension to of two-storey houses and shops with the the north side of the Methodist Church, Methodist Church sited at the centre undermines the Church’s architectural of the northern perimeter of the semi- integrity, especially when viewed from circle. Sea Mills Square is a formal the north. The roof form and dormers square, that should be sensitively treated relate poorly to the simple square or in order to preserve its status as the rectangular roofs of the Garden Suburb. heart of the Garden Suburb. Its mass and height makes it relate poorly to the neighbouring cottage-style houses, 7.1.3g 12 shops arranged in pairs are located it also dominates glimpsed and local views around the Square; their fronts, neo- between houses. The hardstanding and classical door surrounds, and use, are modern lampstandards are also out of important features contributing to the character. character of the area. Three shops have been changed to residential use; 7.1.3j Undermining the Square is the recycling and two have been joined from a pair bin unsympathetically located in the to form one shop; another has been centre of the Shirehampton Road. extended into its neighbouring residential Parking on paved areas in front of property. Originally, each pair had a shops, on pavements, and with wheels central rear access passageway, only one ocassionally on the green, is detrimental, now remains. Illuminated box signs and notably around the Post Office. over-size fascias; modern shopfronts, and unsightly security shutters are 7.1.3k Shirehampton Road has red-brick houses unsympathetic features detracting from which are all either WDB5s or WDA5s the quality of this group. except for a few CNA5s north-west of Sylvan Way. Along Shirehampton Road all the WDB5s have bay-windows on both the ground and first floors. The Crescent also includes these house types, without bay windows, but also groupings of the more Arts & Crafts style HBA5s.

7.1.3l Dingle Close is a grouping of rendered Figure 47: Original drawing of shops elevations in WDB5s that surround the Garden Suburb’s Sea Mills Square, showing open passageway with tennis courts. pedimented surround between shops, and attached to WDB5 type house to the left ©BRO

Figure 48: Dingle Close tennis courts 1.42. 7.1.3m St Edyth’s Road was built as private 7.1.3n Between St. Edyth’s Road and Dingle housing, and is architecturally distinct Close are 74 garages, built 1924-9. The from the rest of the Garden Suburb. Half group makes a positive contribution to rendered, half brick, with canted bays the character and appearance of the with tiled roofs. Unusually, there are Conservation Area. terraces of three, terraces of four and paired cottages. The street’s charm is 7.1.3o The uniform red roofscape and simple accentuated by the landmark buildings square or rectangular roofs contribute to the that terminate views at either end. character and appearance of this area. The original forms mostly remain, apart from Abona Court and some 2-storey extensions.

7.1.3p The Recreation Ground is the largest enclosed open space in Sea Mills containing the only children’s play space in the Conservation Area. The equipment and surfaces are poorly maintained and offer an opportunity for enhancement.

7.1.3q The enclosed open space bounded by The Crescent, Shirehampton Road and West Figure 49: St Edyth’s Road houses Parade was originally designated for extra gardens, now lost to provide a car park for the Training Centre. Strengths Weaknesses Attractive formal centrepiece of Sea Mills with a Street clutter: recycling bin and unsympathetic backdrop of views of the Kings Weston ridge traffic calming in Shirehampton Road Original purpose-built shops define this Poor maintenance of traditional street furniture character area as the community ‘hub’ of Sea Mills Sense of openness owing to low-rise Damage to grass areas of the Square owing to off development and position within the landscape street parking Important local views down/up St Edyth’s road Loss of traditional shopfronts and unsympathetic and other roads leading off the Square and signage, security features and ATM machines relationship between the two churches Volume of green space and recreation facilities Loss of an enclosed open space to a car park including tennis courts off Dingle Close Uniform red roofscape of simple square or Extensions, porches, loss of traditional rectangular roof forms architectural details, privet hedges, and garden plots and external finishes Recreation facilities: lack signage, require upgrading and maintenance Opportunities Threats Enhancement of recreational facilities and Further loss of traditional shopfronts and public green spaces increase in unsympathetic signage Removal of recycling facility and reduction of Threats to the formal character of the Square, street clutter unsympathetic alterations to its layout or design Sympathetic reinstatement of traditional Threats to setting through unsympathetic architectural details or and privet hedges development in surrounding areas Extensions and continued loss of privet hedges/ unsympathetic alterations etc. 43.1. 29 20 1 SUNNY HILL 16 11 14 70 75 43 Allotment ASHCROFT ROAD 92 18 LB 32 52.4m El Sub Sta 32.0m DALE ELBERTON ROAD 26 2 Golf Course 63 41 14 228 24 2 Sea Mills Conservation24 Area Character Areas 65 30 13 59 1 Cliff 31 Shirehampton Park SUNNY HILL 14 8 ELY GROVE 68 WEST PARADE 80 15 2 21 57

9

31 2 2 Sea Mills Garden53 Suburb -

7a

7 1 11

22 14 Allotment Gardens 58 1 17.1m 66 1 51 44 2c: The Dorlonco Houses (Woodleaze/Trymside/Brookleaze)SYLVAN WAY 32 Hall 214 54 23 5a TCB BLAISE WALK 22 55 1 to 8 47 52 BLAISE WALK 16 SILKLANDS GROVE 210 45 20 3 6 23 48 19 51 1 11 Allotment Gardens Stone 43.6m

2 CLIFTON & HOTWELLSHIGH GROVE Training 56 200 13 37

198 20.1m 7.1.4 character Area 2c 1 Shelter 36 Gardens 56 58 2 BLAISE WALK Character Appraisal 42 FB 37 46 sea Mills Garden Suburb - The29 Dorlonco Houses 40 187 184 66 39

12 11 70 WEST PARADE 26 41 LB 27 23 39.9m THE 175 182 76 47 49 17 26 13 COOMBE DALE 36 176 51 35 27 20

2

1 THE CRESCENT174 173 27.1m 14 24 Court 170 Sea Mills 11 32.3m 1 Church 24 166 152 Shirehampton Park 165 26 29.3m 1 12 3 to 5 6 7 PO 10

23 EAST PARADE 15 Golf Course 32.9m 155 13 LB

14 24 2 14 153 30.2m 138

12 El Shelter Hilhouse 147

1 2 12 3

13 Club 16

WOOD ENDWALK 17 - 24 SYLVAN WAY PCs -12 15 2 12 1 Club TCB 128 139 1 28.7m 4 - 11 52 2 Recn 37 11 6 Recreation Ground 137 17 123 FB 51 11 4 1 Sub Sta 38 22.6m 2 121 18 to 20

11 5 104 40

28a 11 3 100 27 28

25.6m 37 29 103 1 32 96 26 Millpill Path (um)

25 26 WOODLEAZE Playground DINGLE CLOSE 5 ST EDYTH'S ROAD 11 . 0m 18 17 17.4m 25 16 Shirehampton Park DINGLE CLOSE 21 PORTWAY Tennis Courts 1 1 El 15 16 8 Forest of Avon 14 11 Surgery

Shelter 13 Three Acre Covert Hall MEADWAY 2 14 13

18.6m SEA MILLS FAILANDWALK 15 Club 15 10 15.8m 6

1 2 2 Playing Field 1

1 1 6 7 41 ST EDYTH'S25.9m ROAD 31 5 LB 15 17 2 20 4 8 19.5m 1 The Pentagon 9 1 BROOKLEAZE 29 (um) 24.4m 42 3 2 24 Park 2 30 33 1 14 26

10 PENTAGON TRYMLEAZE 2 2 21 15.5m Three Acre 11

19 Forest of Avon 13 Post 14 36 16 St Edyth's 18 17 14 152 1

22.9m FAILAND CRESCENT 47 20 L Twr Vicarage 2c 11 STOKELEIGH WALK 13.7m Pond Surgery 14 38 2

RIVERLEAZE 2 L Twr 148 44 59 9 BOWERLEAZE 3 Sea Mills House L Twr 1

4 3 to 9 GARDEN CLOSE L Twr 2 to 8 Sea Mills Junior School 6 11 to 17 2 46 L Twr 12 to 18 71 21 2 1 Playing Field 11 Sub Sta 136 1 52 El Sub Sta L Twr 22 to 28

13 21 to 27 TRYM SIDE

L Twr 15.2m 7 16 1 83 54 11 . 9m 8 29 MP 13.7m ABLETON WALK 102 85 L Twr 2 15 RIVERLEAZE 124 31 to 37 32 to 38 101 98 66 25 PORTWAY TRYM CROSS ROAD 33 86 River Trym 99 76 97 30 22.6m 15.8m 39 112 School 121 109 27

29 21.3m SEA MILLS LANE 85 L Twr CLAPTON 24 11 . 0m MP 3 L Twr L Twr 21 7

44 Games Court 2 WALK 19 4 TCB Corporation Yard

8 Mud L Twr Abbeywood 98 Mean High Water Portway 10

River Avon Centre 47 55 94 14.0m

Mean High Water 51

TCB 47 AVON WAY 21 Mud MP 3

MP 19 Club 57 Drain DRIVE 39 19.8m Mast Mast 7

38 Map 4d: Character Area 2c 17.1m 2 37 Sports Ground PORTWAY 1a

12

SM

Mast 61a 1 including Woodleaze, BrookleazeBRANSCOMBE ROADand 7.1.4a This character area is the southernmost 29 69 63a 14 5

71 MP L Twr Sports 63a portion of the original Garden Suburb, 17.4m Path Meadway and the green edge18 of9 the MP High Water 67 73 Mean Sluice 69 Mud FB 77 and the lowest geographically -SM just 15- Mud valleySEA MILLS LANE of the River Trym to the south- High 71a MHW 79 28 River Trym 19 Water 75c Mud Mud House 75 east.1 to 6 BRANSCOMBE ROAD 20mScale above sea level. It includes all theTrym 0 50 100 Mud 27 River 79a originalMetres 250 Dorlonco houses built during 38 28 LB PCs Sub Sta 14 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permissionthe of Ordnance earliest Survey on behalf of the phase of the Garden Suburb, ROM AN WAY 89 83 Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. 26.2m

SM 48 Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright WALL 93 Abon House SEA MILLS LANE 51 39 and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. 60 33 1920-1922. Nos. 21-27 Sylvan Way (odd) 23 Bristol City Council. 100023406. 2010. Sea Mills HARBOUR 3 Job No: 10-058 2 were the first to be ready forSea Millsoccupation, on 9th August 1920.

7.1.4b There is a sophisticated plan form, notably at The Pentagon and streets radiating from it. There is a particular charm and verdant character in this portion of the Conservation Area, Figure 50: Tree-lined Woodleaze contributed to by the tree-lined streets 1.44. 7.1.4c The area also includes some houses of of this building type. No. 22 Avonleaze Parkinson PRC construction, mostly in is a detached house, also in Catty Brook Trymside and Stokeleigh Walk, and some Brindle bricks. These houses form an red brick houses such as the WDB5s attractive group which are in keeping along the Portway. The roofscape of with and make a positive contribution the Dorlonco houses is dark grey natural to the character and appearance of the slate, although the roofscape of the Garden Suburb. remainder of this character area is the predominant red tiles of the rest of 7.1.4g From the Trym Valley, the rear building the Garden Suburb. Nos. 4 - 18 (even) line and rear boundary treatments of Riverleaze are an interesting “broken houses on the south-east side of Trym terrace” arrangement of 8 houses which Side form an important visual line is unique within Sea Mills. marking the boundary of the Garden Suburb. Maintaining the uniformity 7.1.4d This character area contains some of Sea of these rear elevations and their Mills’ most significant unlisted buildings appearance is essential in views from this including: St Edyth’s Church, also a important open space. valuable local landmark; Sea Mills Junior School; and Sea Mills Farmhouse - the 7.1.4h Rear extensions, currently few in only pre-20th century building extant number, to the original flat backed within the Garden Suburb. There are simple architecture of the original houses also some surviving rubble boundary are particularly noticeable here as they walls within the c. 1960s Garden Close interrupt what should be a continuous development off Bowerleaze, which curving and undulating rear building are an important remnant worthy of line. This boundary line has a “gateway” preservation. midway along where Trym Cross Road crosses the valley from Sea Mills Lane to enter the Garden Suburb.

7.1.4i Between Woodleaze and The Portway, Sylvan Way is flanked by green open space on both sides with extensive views from the road south-west over the River Avon Figure 51: Sea Mills Junior School with the across agricultural land on the Somerset tower of St Edyth’s Church behind side towards Abbots Leigh beyond. The approach from The Portway up, the 7.1.4e The buildings of Garden Close are out appropriately named, Sylvan Way is one of character with the Garden Suburb, of the green “gateways” to the Garden both in layout and design, and make a Suburb. negative contribution. The sheltered housing development at the end of 7.1.4j The open space adjacent to Three Acre Clapton Walk is similarly out of character Covert is part of Shirehampton Park, and has detrimentally replaced the end part of the Grade II Registered parkland pair of houses (9 and 10) of this cul-de- of Kingsweston House, although now sac. The buildings of Bluebell Close are separated from the rest of the park by also out of character although less so. Sylvan Way. This open space is one of the best meadows in Bristol and has been 7.1.4f Privately built in 1932, nos. 10-20 designated a Site of Nature Conservation (even) Avonleaze and 150/152 Portway Interest. Both the meadow and Three are WDB5s with bay windows on both Acre Covert need to be made more floors. Finished in “Catty Brook Brindle” welcoming for public use. bricks, not the typical red brick finish 45.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 7.1.4k The Community Forest Path, a 46-mile 7.1.4l This character area has been slightly recreational route around Bristol, passes spoiled by extensions, porches breaking along the north-east side of Three Acre the front building line, some alterations to Covert before crossing Sylvan Way. Views original finish, some loss of front gardens from this important scenic footpath to hard standing, and loss of privet hedges towards and across the River Avon from to other front boundary treatments. Three Acre Covert should be protected and preserved.

Strengths Weaknesses The survival of the original street layout with Volume of on-street parking detracting from the the original plots, greens, trees and hedges tree-lined streets Sophisticated layout Extensions, porches, and loss of traditional architectural details, privet hedges, and garden plots and external finishes Charming character c. 1960s Garden Close and Clapton Walk developments out of keeping with the Garden Suburb architecture Quality and importance of key unlisted buildings Important views down Avonleaze and Sylvan Way across the Avon and glimpsed views off Trymside towards the River Trym Opportunities Threats Enhancement of green spaces to increase their Under-used extra gardens which may present value within the community redevelopment threat in the future Sympathetic replacement or reinstatement of Out of character changes to rear elevations traditional architectural details, privet hedges spoiling glimpsed views and front gardens Sympathetic tree planting scheme could further Sea Mills Junior School currently vacant and may improve quality of the environment be lost to redevelopment and replacement by an unsympathetic alternative The sympathetic adaptive reuse of the existing Continued loss of privet hedges and front Junior School buildings gardens.

New extensions, porches, unsympathetic alterations, replacement windows and doors in non-traditional materials

Loss of local views and glimpses into gardens and to rear elevations through extensions and new development

1.46. Sea Mills Conservation Area Character Areas 7.1.5 character Area 3 the Trym Valley and3: RTheiver ATrymvon Valley & River Avon

3

Scale Map 4e: 0 Character80 160 Area 3 Metres

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with 7.1.5b This character area is extremely the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the 7.1.5aController ofThis Her Majesty's Stationeryarea Office © Crownforms copyright. a green boundary to Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. important in providing a green ‘buffer’ theBristol City Council. east, 100023406. 2010.south-east and south-west of Job No: 10-058 to the Garden Suburb but also has the Garden Suburb, and is the lowest significance in its relationship with Sea portion of the Conservation Area at just Mills Dock and the maritime history of 10m above sea level. The character the area. It is an area of outstanding is verdant and open, and largely scenic beauty, part of Bristol’s network undeveloped apart from the pocket of green corridors, and important for of low-density, low-rise housing in the wildlife and biodiversity. 47.1. southernmost point. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal 7.1.5c The River Trym runs north to south until it reaches Sea Mills Dock and joins the Avon. This creates a green buffer between the Garden Suburb and neighbouring suburbs. Views are a vital component of the significance of this area, with local views up the River Trym and across towards the Garden Suburb.

7.1.5d The northern limit of this area is marked by a white bridge, with attractive balustrading, over the Trym where Dingle Road crosses it. It is one of the “gateways” to the Garden Suburb.

7.1.5e The south end of Sea Mills Lane has an interesting mix of buildings, with some valuable unlisted buildings including an 18th century cottage, Sea Mills Station booking office and Station House, as Figure 53: The verdant Trym Valley viewed well as the old and new Signal Stations from Trym Cross Road alongside the River Avon (see Landmark Buildings). The unlisted building of 7.1.5g This character area also includes the merit, Riverside House, is undermined area between the Portway and the city by the insensitive 1960s flats block to its boundary on the Somerset side of the side (see Negative Features). River Avon. It is part of a continuous succession of parts of conservation areas along the course of the River Avon which protect both banks, running from the Horseshoe Bend via the to the centre of Bristol.

7.1.5h The Avon’s Somerset bank includes the River Avon Trail, formerly the towing path. The footpath between the railway line and the banks of the Avon is also significant, given the extensive views north and south along this part of the path. The Bristol bank th Figure 52: 18 century cottage, Sea Mills Lane invites enhancement as the flotsam and jetsam deposited by the river, combined 7.1.5f Footpaths are important as a through- with the rough-growing vegetation over route for walkers along both sides of the footpath, makes walking this part of the Avon and up the Trym Valley to the the path hazardous. , as are local footpath connections across the valley, for example 7.1.5i Views are a vital component of the from Coombe Dale to Bell Barn Road. significance of this area, which has Paths have become overgrown in places, important and continuous views both into particularly the upper part of the valley, and out from the Conservation Area and while poor signage, overgrowth and lack into and away from the adjacent parts of of woodland management make parts the Avon Valley as it passes through the uninviting. 1.48. rising gently away, with the Kings Weston Kings Weston and Trym Valley and Sneyd ridge visible beyond towards the north. Park Conservation Areas. Far-reaching The only building punctuating the skyline views extend across the Avon to North is the pennant stone tower of St. Edyth’s. Somerset. The Severn Beach Railway line, successor to the Bristol Port and Pier 7.1.5k The area originally “Reserved for Railway, is renowned for its scenic views. Industrial Development” was never developed for industrial use and is now used as playing fields and sports grounds. Views within and across this area are partly spoiled by the mobile phone masts and floodlights (particularly at night) that surround the sports ground, as well as the out of character sports buildings.

Figure 54: View through Portway Bridge towards and Avon beyond 7.1.5j Views from this area towards the Garden Suburb, either from the footpaths, boat traffic, or from trains, are to a low-lying panorama of two-storey cottage-style houses and their slate or reddish roofs, Figure 55: View across Sea Mills Dock ©John Roberts Strengths Weaknesses Verdant character providing an important green Poorly maintained and overgrowing vegetation buffer to the Garden Suburb of green spaces on Bristol side of river Avon Views across the Garden Suburb, across, up and Out of character flats adjoining Riverside House down the Avon; and across and along the Trym Historical connections with the sea and Bristol’s Lighting and masts associated with the sports maritime history ground detracting from views; sports buildings out of character and visually unattractive Footpaths for pleasure and access and scenic Poor signage and uninviting entrances to views from the Severn Beach railway line footpaths, lack of seating, planting, and maintenance, notably of white bridge Archaeological importance as Roman port of Deterioration of the Harbour Walls, core being Abona and remains of a Roman Villa eroded by flowing water and silt Important mix of unlisted buildings Opportunities Threats Possible improvement to long-distance footpath Loss of views from developments that would on Bristol side of river disturb the setting of the Conservation Area Improved maintenance of green spaces, Unsympathetic development of Hadrian Close management of woodland, signage and facilities and public conveniences next to the Portway could increase public use and enjoyment Bridge Restoration of Harbour Walls and removal from Further deterioration and eventual loss of BCC Buildings at Risk Register Harbour Walls Unsympathetic alteration of unlisted buildings 49.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal through the middle to provide access to 7.2 architecture the rear. Rear elevations were designed to be as attractive and equally important as 7.2.1 Sea Mills Garden Suburb is a mainly the fronts. residential area whose essential purpose and character is family housing. It is 7.2.4 Materials include a finish of all white notable for the layout of its streets and or cream painted roughcast render or public open spaces which are defined red brick. The two finishes are used in by two storey cottage-style houses with conjunction in St. Edyth’s Road. pitched, mostly hipped, roofs, chimney stacks and pots, arranged in symmetrical 7.2.5 Other than the natural slate of the pairs or occasional short terraces. The Dorlonco houses, roofs are clad in red clay overall scale of these buildings is modest, double Roman tiles. Most properties have with mainly paired cottages sitting in shallow hipped roofs, occasionally with generous plots with low hedges defining a cat-slide to one side. The houses are the front and side boundaries. simply detailed with shared red or grey brick axial chimney stacks and occasional 7.2.2 There is a notable cohesiveness within separate elongated side stacks, some with the Conservation Area, reinforced by the their original clay pots punctuating the common front and rear building lines, skyline. Many of the buildings have deeper similar or matching building forms, and the or ‘sprocketed’ eaves, created by a change matching eaves heights and roof forms. in roof pitch close to the base of the slope. Apart from some original bay windows, all the paired cottages are flat fronted 7.2.6 The most common detailing is simple, and flat backed, creating simple blocks of neo-classical in style. Windows are rectangular or square form, without “back largely timber painted white, either projections” or rear or side extensions sashes divided by profiled glazing bars, or porches, a design fundamental to the or casements, mostly side-hung pairs or character and appearance of the Garden three-light. Crittall steel windows were Suburb. Those of rectangular plan have the used for house types HBA5, MGB2 and longest face facing the street. WSB2. Original fixed timber shutters on some house types are an important part of 7.2.3 Terraced houses are similarly flat fronted the proportions of windows to doors. Many and flat backed, although some have windows have incrementally been altered pronounced original wing-features at and replaced in non traditional materials, either end. Terraces of four have a central altering the character and appearance of passageway, some with an arched opening, the Conservation Area.

Figure 56: Typical Garden Suburb architecture, Coombe Dale 1.50. Figure 57: Original Crittall windows and neo- Figure 58: Shopfronts, Sea Mills Square classical door surround 7.2.7 Original doors are all either timber or Policy References glazed panels over timber panels. A common detail of the Garden Suburb, is a Bristol Local Plan simple neo-classical door surround, timber and painted white. These usually have a 4.4.51 ‘In Bristol, a wide variety of urban moulded architrave stopped on plinths landscapes exist. The character of Conserva- with flat hood on shaped brackets. The tion Areas may be varied and informal, such HBA5s, with their cat-slide roofs, and the as the village development of Montpelier, or houses of St. Edyth’s Road have a more more formal such as the spacious suburbs of rustic, Arts and Crafts appearance. Sea Mills. The essential character lies not in the individual merit of each building, but in their 7.2.8 In the early 1990s, 132 of the Parkinson contribution to the character of the area, in- PRC houses (types CNA2, MGB2, and cluding landscaping, traditional boundary walls WSB2), were demolished and rebuilt. and other attractive details.’ Most of the new replacement houses were finished in half render and half red brick. B16 ‘In a group of historic buildings, where a The half-render, half-brick, or wholly formal and unified design forms an essential brick finish, was out of character with the part of the character, new buildings which re- all-render finish of the original Parkinson produce the appearance of these architectural houses, though it does distinguish them elements that contribute to the overall design as rebuilds. In the earliest phase of of the group will be permitted.’ rebuilding, all the houses had timber- framed windows, but in subsequent phases uPVC windows with plastic glazing bars and B18 (i-vi) ‘Traditional materials should be re- concrete roof tiles were introduced. tained, repaired and where necessary replaced, and not covered with paints or cladding which 7.2.9 Sea Mills Square has a number of purpose- would be harmful to the appearance of the con- built shops with good quality timber fronts, servation area’. and original windows with a main glazed panel topped by three small fixed lights, B18 (v) ‘Prominent original windows’ should be surmounted by a timber fascia. The neo- ‘retained and repaired. Where this is not possi- classical door surrounds originally enclosed ble, replacement windows should be construct- timber doors with a six pane glazed panel. ed to match the original in terms of style, pro- Between each pair is a pedimented door portions, colour and materials. Proposed new surround to rear access passageway (only window openings should not disturb a balanced one between 137 Shirehampton Road and or composed elevation and should respect the 38 St. Edyth’s Road remains open). Each size, proportion, material and decoration of pair of shops has a pair of WDB5s, with bay existing windows.’ windows on both floors, attached on either side, creating a broadly “butterfly” plan. 51.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal the only Dorlonco houses built in Bristol. 7.3 garden Suburb Housing Types Though all are of the same essential 7.3.1 The house-types of Sea Mills Garden construction, there are a number of Suburb display influences current at different designs. “DL” stands for Dorman the time, from the purely neo-Georgian Long. Dorloncos to the more Arts & Crafts, neo- vernacular style of the HBA5s and St. 7.3.7 After the initial phase of building, apart Edyth’s Road houses. Within the overall from St. Edyth’s Road, 1923-4, and Dingle architectural uniformity of houses there Close, 1924-1927, the main phase of is considerable variety, the differences building was between January 1927 and in style nonetheless contributing to the March 1929, with a final phase in 1930-31. “harmony of the whole”. 7.3.8 Apart from the Dorloncos and the St. 7.3.2 In June 1919, the Housing Extensions and Edyth’s Road houses, house types built in Town Planning Committee organised a Sea Mills were:- CBA5, CNA2, CNA5, E5 competition to design houses for the new (i.e. CBE5), HBA5, MGB2, MGD2, WDA5, Bristol housing scheme, engaging Ernest WDB5, WSA2, and WSB2. Newton, a significant architect in the Arts & Crafts Movement, to be the assessor 7.3.9 The houses of Parkinson PRC (Prefabricated alongside their advisory architect C.F.W Reinforced Concrete) construction were Dening. types CNA2, MGB2 and WSB2; all finished in roughcast render, except four red brick 7.3.3 Houses in Sea Mills were either designed pairs of type CNA2 in Failand Crescent. by four of the premium entrants to All other types were built with traditional the competition, Benjamin Wakefield, materials. W.H.Watkins, and Heathman & Blacker from Bristol and E.C.H. Maidman & W.A. 7.3.10 All terraces of 4 houses have a Greener of Parkstone or were designed by characteristic central passage, some with the Architectural Services Section of the an arched opening (e.g. types WDA5, City Engineer’s Department. DLB5, DLB2, DLC5, DLD2, and St. Edyth’s Road terraces). The WDA5 and the DLB5 7.3.4 Each house type was identified by a code, groups also have pronounced wings, the the first two letters identified the designer two end houses are a little larger than the and the third identifying the design: two in between. The DLB5s have the end     HB = Heathman & Blacker ; MG = Maidman pair with wings projecting both forwards & Greener; WD = Benjamin Wakefield; and rearwards, making the whole terrace WS = William Henry Watkins; CN = a dumbbell shape in plan. Each forwrad Corporation; CB = Corner Block, designed projecting wing has a ground floor front by the Corporation bay-window.

7.3.5 Due to a shortage of traditional materials, 7.3.11 There is only one DLD2 type, which forms the original architects’ designs were an interesting arrangement of a broken superseded by “Dorlonco” houses: “terrace” at 4 - 18 Riverleaze (even). steel-framed houses finished in render, The DLD2 is flanked with a semi-detached by architects of the ‘Liverpool School’ DLD5 on either side, also unique within during WWI for the industrial village Sea Mills. Apart from the terraces of four, of Dormanstown, to house workers at there are two terraces of three facing the Dorman Long Company’s iron and each other in St. Edyth’s Road and two steelworks. terraces of five opposite each other at The Pentagon. 7.3.6 The first phase of building, 1920-1922, The Garden Suburb Housing Types are detailed was of 250 “Dorlonco” houses. Erected on Map 5 by William Cowlin & Son Ltd, these were 1.52. Map 5: Garden Suburb Housing Types (A3)

53.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS

Character7.3.10 A summary Appraisal of the characteristic features of each Garden Suburb Housing Type is outlined below:

DLA2 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached Plan Rectangular Main Door Georgian timber with six panels, & Door painted blue. Door Surround: Surround timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 pane vertically sliding Shutters sash with profiled glazing bars, except for small side-hung casements, painted white. Roof & Hipped, natural slate; Chimneys: Chimneys Grey brick, central and end stacks, clay pots. Finish Roughcast render, coloured cream. Figure 59: DLA2 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo ©John Roberts) House on left is a good example with original timber sash windows; house on right has uPVC top-hung casements with wide meeting rail, although the glazing bars maintain some character. Out of character doors. Shutters and end chimney stacks lost DLA5 Original Details* Form & Double-fronted, semi-detached Plan Rectangular Main Door Front elevation, Georgian timber & Door with six panels, painted blue. Surround Door Surround: timber, neo- classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 pane vertically Shutters sliding sash with profiled glazing bars, painted white. Shutters: Decorative to both ground floor front windows, painted blue. Roof & Gabled in Sylvan Way, hipped Chimneys elsewhere, natural slate; Chimneys: Grey brick, central and end stacks, clay pots. Finish Roughcast render, coloured Figure 60: DLA5 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo cream. ©John Roberts) Windows now uPVC top hung casements with wide meeting rails, although the glazing bars maintain some character. Replacement doors. Shutters and end chimney stacks lost. House on left has out of character 1.54. pitched canopy over door DLA6 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached Plan Square Main Door Side elevation, Georgian timber & Door with six panels, painted blue. Surround Door Surround: None. Windows & Timber, 12 pane vertically sliding Shutters sash with profiled glazing bars, main rooms have additional four pane fixed sidelights, painted white. Shutters: None. Roof & Hipped, natural slate. Chimneys: Chimneys Grey brick, central and end stacks, clay pots. Finish Roughcast render, coloured cream. Figure 61: DLA6 type (Original drawing ©BRO) All windows uPVC casement windows with no glazing bars. End chimney stacks lost. House on left has pebble-dash pinkish render DLB2 Original Details* Form & Terrace of four with centre Plan passageway. Plan: Four in line, rectangular. Main Door Front elevation, Georgian timber & Door with six panels, painted blue. Surround Door Surround: timber, neo- classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 pane vertically Shutters sliding sash with profiled glazing bars, except for small side- hung casements, painted white. Shutters: Decorative to large ground floor window, painted blue. Roof & Hipped, natural slate. Chimneys: Chimneys Grey brick, five stacks, including Figure 62: DLB2 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo end ones, clay pots. ©John Roberts) End chimney stacks and shutters lost. Finish Roughcast render, coloured uPVC casement windows, one house lacking glazing cream. bars. House on right has non-original pitched canopy over door

55.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal DLB5 Original Details* Form & Terrace of four with centre Plan passageway. Plan: Centre two in line, end houses project to front and rear. Main Door On front elevation of two centre & Door houses, side elevation of end Surround houses, Georgian timber with six panels, painted blue. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 and 16 pane vertically Shutters sliding sashes, painted white, bay window on ground floor front elevation of end houses. Shutters: Decorative to ground Figure 63: DLB5 type(Original drawing ©BRO photo floor windows of centre houses, ©John Roberts) Windows uPVC top-hung casements painted blue. with over-wide meeting rails, although the glazing Roof & Hipped, natural slate. Chimneys: bars of the right-hand house maintain some Chimneys Grey brick, five stacks, three character. Out of character doors. Shutters lost along centre line with one on rear roof slope of each end house, clay pots. Finish Roughcast render, coloured cream.

DLC5 Original Details* Form & Terrace of four with centre Plan passageway, each house double- fronted. Plan: Four in line, rectangular. Main Door Front elevation, Georgian timber & Door with six panels, painted blue. Surround Door Surround: timber, neo- classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 pane vertically sliding Shutters sash with profiled glazing bars. Shutters: Decorative to ground floor windows, painted blue. Roof & Hipped, natural slate. Chimneys: Chimneys Grey brick, five stacks, including Figure 64: DLC5 Timber first floor sash windows, end ones, clay pots. ground floor windows uPVC with out of character top hung vents and no glazing bars, timber door. Finish Roughcast render, coloured Shutters lost cream. 1.56. DLD5 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: T-shape. Plan Main Door On front elevation of one house, & Door side elevation of other, Georgian Surround timber with six panels, painted blue. Door Surround: timber, neo- classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 and 16 pane vertically Shutters sliding sashes, upper window of front elevation of projecting house has additional 4 pane fixed sidelights and a ground floor flat roof bay window with 8 pane sliding sash sidelights, no shutters, adjoining house has blue-painted decorative shutters to ground floor windows. Figure 65: DLD5 type Roof & Hipped, natural slate. Chimneys: (Original drawings ©BRO Chimneys Grey brick, three stacks, clay photo ©John Roberts) pots. All windows uPVC with Finish Roughcast render, coloured top hung vents and no cream. glazing bars. House on left has been overclad with loss of original door surround, replaced by a pitched canopy

CBA5 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: L-shaped Plan with chamfered corner Main Door Front elevation, timber, six pane & Door glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 6 and 8 pane side hung Shutters and fixed casements, painted white. Shutters: Decorative to ground floor windows on corner elevation, painted white, or blue if rendered. Roof & Roof: Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles. Chimneys: Brick, three stacks, clay pots. Finish Red bricks or cream coloured Figure 66: CBA5 type (Original drawing ©BRO) uPVC render windows, g-f windows of left house have top hung vents, f-f side-hung casements & glazing bars give 57. some character. Shutters lost CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal CBE5 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: “Butterfly” Plan Main Door Position as shown in drawing and & Door photograph, timber, nine pane Surround glazed panel over lower three panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, three and two light Shutters side-hung and fixed casements, 8 panes on main ground floor windows, remainder with 6 panes, painted white. Shutters: As shown in drawing, painted white Roof & Gable ends, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles. Chimneys: Brick, three stacks, clay pots Finish Red bricks Figure 67: CBE5 type uPVC (Original drawing ©BRO) and aluminium windows with out of character top hung vents and no glazing bars. Both doors are out of character CNA2 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: Rectangular. Plan Main Door Front elevation, timber, nine & Door pane glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 pane vertically sliding Shutters sashes, painted white. Shutters: Decorative, see drawing, painted white Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. Chimneys: Brick, three stacks, clay pots. Finish Most examples roughcast render coloured cream, but a few in Failand Crescent are red brick.

Figure 68: CNA2 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo ©John Roberts) Shutters and end chimney stacks lost, otherwise a very good example, both pairs having original timber sash windows and original 1.58. timber doors CNA5 Original Details* Form & Double fronted semi-detached. Plan Plan: Rectangular Main Door Front elevation, timber, nine & Door pane glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 12 and 8 pane vertically Shutters sliding sashes, painted white. Shutters: As shown in drawing, painted white Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. Chimneys: Brick, three stacks, clay pots Finish Red brick

Figure 69: CNA5 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo ©John Roberts) House on left is a very good example with original timber sash windows. House on right has uPVC windows with no glazing bars. Both doors are out of character. Shutters lost HBA5 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: Square. Plan Main Door Side elevation, timber, nine pane & Door glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: None. Windows Metal, ground floor 8 pane side hung and fixed casements, first floor 6 pane, painted white. Roof & Catslide, double-Roman red clay Chimneys tiles. Chimneys: Brick, three stacks, clay pots Finish Roughcast render, on five course Figure 70: HBA5 type (©John Roberts) House on right red brick base. is a very good example with original metal windows. House on left has uPVC windows with no glazing bars. End chimney stack lost

59.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS CharacterMGB2 Original Appraisal Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: Square. Plan Main Door Side elevation, timber, nine pane & Door glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: None. Windows Metal, 8 pane side-hung and fixed casements, painted white. Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. Chimneys: Single central position, clay pots. Figure 71: MGB2 type House on right is a good Finish Roughcast render, coloured cream example with original metal windows

MGD2 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: Square. Plan Main Door Front elevation, timber, nine & Door pane glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, 8 and 6 pane side hung Shutters and fixed casements, painted white. Shutters: Decorative to window above door. Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. Chimneys: Single central, clay pots Finish Red bricks

Figure 72: MGD2 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo ©John Roberts) Both houses have uPVC windows. The side hung casements and glazing bars of left- hand house maintain some character, but house on right has out of character casements with no glazing bars

1.60. WDA5 Original Details* Form & Terrace of four with centre Plan passageway. Plan: Straight, two in line end houses project to front. Main Door On front elevation of two centre & Door houses, side elevation of end Surround houses, timber, nine pane glazed panel over lower three panels. Door Surround: timber, neo- classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows Timber, ground floor 12 pane vertically sliding sashes, first floor 6 pane side hung and fixed casements, painted white. Figure 73: WDA5 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red ©John Roberts) Shows WDA5 “stepping down” the Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. hill of Westbury Lane. The house to the immediate Chimneys: Red brick, five stacks, left of centre is a very good example with both complex centre stack, clay pots. original timber windows and door. All other windows are uPVC with out of character means of Finish Red bricks opening and without glazing bars

WDB5 Original Details* Form & Semi-detached. Plan: Square Plan Main Door Front elevation, timber, nine & Door pane glazed panel over lower Surround single panel. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows & Timber, ground floor bay 16 and Shutters 8 pane vertically sliding sashes, first floor 6 pane side hung and fixed casements, painted white. Examples along main roads have front bay windows on both floors, otherwise without bay windows. Shutters: Decorative to window above main door. Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. Chimneys: Single central, clay pots. Finish Mostly red brick, although those in Dingle Close are render Figure 74: WDB5 type (Original drawing ©BRO) uPVC coloured cream windows with non-original means of opening, although the glazing bars maintain some character. Doors are out of character 61.1. WSA2 Original Details* Form & Plan Semi-detached. Plan: Rectangular Main Door Front elevation, timber, nine & Door pane glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows Timber, 8 and 6 pane side hung and fixed casements, painted white Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red Chimneys clay tiles, sprocketed eaves. Chimneys: Three stacks, clay pots Finish Red bricks.

Figure 75: WSA2 type (Original drawing ©BRO photo ©John Roberts) uPVC windows with no glazing bars. End chimney stack lost on right

WSB2 Original Details* Form & Plan Semi-detached. Plan: Rectangular Main Door Front elevation, timber, nine & Door pane glazed panel over lower two Surround panels. Door Surround: timber, neo-classical, architraves on plinth blocks with flat hood on shaped brackets, painted white Windows Metal, 6 pane side-hung and fixed casements, painted white Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red clay Figure 76: WSB2 type (photo ©John Roberts) Good Chimneys tiles. Chimneys: Red brick, single examples with original metal windows central stack, clay pots. Finish Roughcast render, coloured cream

62.1. St Edyth’s Original Details* Road Form & Plan Three types: semi-detached, terrace of three in line, and terrace of four in line with centre passageway. Plan: Square. Main Door Front elevation, timber, 12 pane glazed panel over lower single panel, painted white. Windows Timber, 8 and 6 pane side hung and fixed casements, painted white, bay windows on ground floor. Roof & Hipped, double-Roman red clay Chimneys tiles. Chimneys: Varies with type, all have end stacks, red brick, clay pots Finish Cream-coloured roughcast render over red bricks

Figure 77: St Edyth’s Road type (Original drawing ©BRO photo ©John Roberts) uPVC windows, although the means of opening and glazing bars maintain some of the character

*Some details shown on the original drawings were altered prior to execution, especially the Dorlonco (DL) types; e.g door surrounds shown as painted blue were painted white; natural slate was used instead of red tiles in some instances; some roof forms were hipped instead of gable- ended etc.

63.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal 7.4 relative Merit of Unlisted Buildings 7.4.4 Grouped Buildings of Merit are buildings that form an attractive group and are 7.4.1 In the main, the Conservation Area collectively of significance. It may be comprises the holistically planned Garden their method or date of construction, or Suburb, consequently the majority of consistent architectural treatment, that buildings are significant in the positive is of interest, making them sensitive to contribution they make to the wholeness of changes that would undermine their group Sea Mills. value. Grouped Buildings of Merit include: • Haig Close 7.4.2 For the purpose of this character appraisal, • Nos. 6 - 24 (even) Westbury Lane buildings within the Conservation Area have • Nos. 47 Westbury Lane / 22 Hallen Drive & 49 been categorised according to their special Westbury Lane / 21 Hallen Drive interest and the degree of contribution • Nos. 18 & 20 Elberton Road they make to the character of Sea Mills. • Garages off St Edyth’s Road • Sea Mills Square shops 7.4.3 Buildings of Merit are unlisted buildings • The Pentagon houses that make a special contribution to the • 4 - 18 Riverleaze Conservation Area. These are usually of particular architectural or historic interest. Other significant groupings are those around The identification of a building within the focal greens: Conservation Area as being of particular • 13 - 19 (odds) Sunny Hill merit will be of material consideration in • 21 - 31 (odds) Trym Side future planning decisions. Buildings of • 5 - 11 (odds) Brookleaze Merit include: • St Edyth’s Church (original) 7.4.5 Character Buildings are buildings that • Vicarage, Avonleaze make a positive contribution to the overall • Sea Mills Methodist Church (original building) character and sense of place of the • Sea Mills Junior School (original buildings) Conservation Area. Their value is in their • Sea Mills Library overall scale, form, materials or date, • The Iron Bridge (formerly Progress Inn) PH which helps form the built backcloth for • Sea Mills Farmhouse the area. Character Buildings include: • Old Sea Mills Signal Station • All original and rebuilt houses within the • New Sea Mills Signal Station Garden Suburb • Sea Mills Railway Station Booking Office • The late 1920s / 1930s dwellings built on land • Station House reserved for Philip Napier Miles (Lux Furlong • Farmhouse near Sea Mills Station and parts of Elberton Road, Shirehampton • Riverside House, no. 79 Sea Mills Lane Road and Westbury Lane) • No. 2 Sea Mills Lane • Nos. 10-20 (evens) Avonleaze • 1920s and 1930s houses and bungalows on the north side of Westbury Lane • Methodist Church, High Grove • Mill House PH

7.4.6 Neutral Buildings are buildings that make neither a positive nor negative contribution. They include:- • Medical Centre, Riverleaze. • Children’s Centre, off West Parade

Figure 78: Sea Mills Station House ©John 64.1. Roberts • Training Centre off The Crescent • Bluebell Close Policy References • Nos. 35-41 (odds) West Parade & 10/12 Alveston Walk PPS5 HE7 • Toilet block, Sea Mills Square Bristol Local Plan 7.4.7 Negative Buildings are buildings that, B18 (i-vi); B21 due to their location, scale, materials, form ‘Applications for planning permission which or detailed design detract from the special would involve the demolition of buildings, character of the Conservation Area. As such, walls and other minor structures which make these buildings offer a potential for beneficial a positive contribution to the character of change (see Negative Features). a conservation area will not be permitted unless there are overriding environmental, Individual Negative Buildings are: economic or practical reasons.’ • Abona Court • 79 Coombe Dale • Changing room building, Sea Mills Recreation Ground • Newbridge House, Sea Mills Lane • Silklands Grove, Coombe Dale • Electricity Substation, Coombe Dale • Rugby Centre buildings, south of The Portway

Groups of Negative Buildings are: • Wood End Walk • Garden Close • Three blocks of sheltered housing in Compton Drive • Sheltered housing at end of Clapton Walk

The Relative Merit of Unlisted Buildings has been identified at Map 6

65.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

Map 6: Relative Merit of Unlisted Buildings Map A3

66.1. SEA MILLS CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal Figure 82: Original 7.5 townscape Details Garden Suburb street 7.5.1 Other features and details in the signs are a rare surviving townscape also contribute to a sense of original feature in the local distinctiveness. These can range Conservation Area. Where from distinctive boundary treatments they remain they should and street furniture, to trees and hard be preserved and repaired landscaping. Individually and collectively if possible they contribute to the overall quality of Bristol’s streetscape.

7.5.2 Sea Mills retains some original street furniture that cumulatively gives interest and quality to the street scene and makes Figure 83: Wooden a positive contribution to the character telegraph poles and appearance of the area. Where they although not original remain, these details must be preserved when the suburb or repaired or refurbished as their was built, their degradation and disappearance gradually replacement by undermines the quality of the area (see modern ones would Negative Features below). be detrimental ©John Figure 79: George V Roberts postbox, contemporary with the Garden Suburb 7.5.3 Traditional or quality shopfronts are of great importance in contributing to the character and appearance of both individual buildings and the Conservation Area as a whole, and can be of historic and architectural interest in their own right. The shopfronts, and their function are particularly important in Sea Mills Figure 80: Original Square, as the only examples of their type K6-type telephone and providing a community focus. kiosk designed by Giles Gilbert Scott. In a poor state of repair Policy References

Bristol Local Plan

B15(I) ‘Townscape and landscape features that contribute to the character or appearance Figure 81: Ornate cast- of streets and open spaces within the iron lampstandard in Sea conservation area should be preserved or Mills Square provides enhanced’ a focal feature in this space (original lantern lost)

67. SEA MILLS CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal

7.6 landscape 7.6.3 The Conservation Area has an undulating, spacious and verdant character. The 7.6.1 Sea Mills is a rare example of a building plots and gardens of the Garden “detached” garden suburb, its boundary Suburb have a regular size, form and being well-defined on three sides by spatial rhythm, with gaps between green open spaces and on the fourth houses through which glimpses may be by Westbury Lane. The area north of had of gardens, green spaces, and vistas Westbury Lane, mostly farmland at the beyond. The verdant character includes time the suburb was built, has since been planned open and enclosed open spaces, developed to become Coombe Dingle. grass verges, focal greens, and tree-lined Together Sea Mills and Coombe Dingle avenues. form a detached “island” completely surrounded by green open space zones, 7.6.4 The characteristic that most defines a the northern boundary being the Kings garden suburb, and gives it its name, is Weston ridge. that the houses have gardens, both good- size front gardens and larger rear gardens. 7.6.2 The geographical setting of Sea Mills, These gardens, designed to be big enough within the basin of the River Trym, to make their cultivation worthwhile provides extensive views out of the whilst not being too large for a family to Conservation Area to the skyline formed by manage, are of similar size and shape, the wooded Kings Weston ridge, towards contributing to a uniform pattern and the green belt land of North Somerset regularity or rhythm of garden spaces. beyond the Avon, as well as views over The spacing of houses with their garden parts of the city to the west and south- plots are a significant feature in the west. There are also views from the River formal layout of the Garden Suburb. The Avon Trail footpath and towing path on the gardens also contribute to the spacious Somerset bank of the River Avon across feel or quality of the area and its verdant Sea Mills to the Kings Weston ridge. appearance.

7.6.5 Green privet boundary hedges are a defining feature of the original Garden Suburb. A large number have been detrimentally replaced with alternative boundary treatments such as walls or fencing, or removed altogether, although a great many remain and contribute significantly to the character and appearance of the area.

Figure 84: Landscape setting of Sea Mills ©Tim Wallis Figure 85: Privet hedges 68.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

7.6.6 ‘Extra gardens’ or ‘allotment gardens’ 7.6.10 The largest ‘enclosed open space’, The are also a defining feature of the Recreation Ground, provides sports Garden Suburb and significant parcels facilities and also serves as the only of land were originally allocated for this childrens’ play area within the Garden purpose. As well as contributing to the Suburb (See Negative Features). self sufficiency in food production of the suburb, allotments were seen as providing opportunities for social interaction, physical exercise and fresh air. Although there are some allotments within the estate, it would be beneficial to the character and appearance of the Garden Suburb if some of the other land originally designated for allotment gardens were returned to this purpose. Figure 86: Recreation Ground ©John Roberts

7.6.7 Green spaces and trees are vital to 7.6.11 Grass verges are also a characteristic the quality of urban environments and feature found on many of the streets in contribute significantly to the character Sea Mills, immediately in front of the and appearance of Conservation Areas. privet hedging that separates the gardens These provide a soft edge within an urban from the street. These council-owned context as well as bringing significant verges vary in depth, but all contribute amenity or environmental benefits. to the character and unified appearance of the Garden Suburb, as well as adding 7.6.8 There are a variety of green spaces within to the sense of greenness. Most of the the Sea Mills Conservation Area. As well grass verges in Sea Mills are intact though as gardens and allotments there is a large some have been destroyed through being formal space at Sea Mills Square, and incorporated into front gardens by the smaller focal greens, for example the introduction of hard standing. small grass island where Sunny Hill and Dingle View meet Coombe Dale. Focal 7.6.12 Single tree specimens can be a focal greens break up the building line and point in local views or formal landscaped enhance the street picture. They can compositions; while groups of mature create a focus for buildings to cluster trees may form part of a historic around as well as providing an improved planting scheme. ‘Addison’s Oak’ in outlook for individual houses. Sea Mills Square has a Bristol-wide historical significance. There are a 7.6.9 Sea Mills also has a number of ‘enclosed number of wholly or partially tree- open spaces’, an important feature of lined streets within the Garden Suburb, garden suburbs. These are open spaces including Shirehampton Road, Sylvan that are enclosed by a perimeter of houses Way, Westbury Lane, The Portway, West which face outwards away from the space. Parade, St. Edyth’s Road, Avonleaze, The One example in Sea Mills is the Recreation Pentagon, Sea Mills Square, Woodleaze Ground, a large green space which is (lined with lime trees), Brookleaze, and bounded by Woodleaze, St Edyth’s Road, Riverleaze. Trym Cross Road and Sea Shirehampton Road and Sylvan Way; others Mills Lane are also partly tree-lined. The include, for example, the allotments that combination of trees, verges and gardens are bounded by Westbury Lane, Compton on streets such as Brookleaze create a Drive and Sylvan Way. These areas green ‘corridor’ effect. contribute significantly to the spacious 1.69. and verdant feel of the Garden Suburb. Policy References

B15 (ii), NE2, NE3, NE9

‘Historic parks and gardens and other de- signed landscapes of national and local im- portance... will be protected. Development which would adversely affect the character or appearance of historic landscapes and, in the case of nationally important sites, their set- ting, will not be permitted.’ Figure 87: ‘Green corridor’, Brookleaze

7.6.13 The Conservation Area makes a considerable contribution to wildlife, biodiversity and green infrastructure both locally and to Bristol as a whole. Part of the Avon Gorge green corridor to the (link 24 of Bristol’s Strategic Green Infrastructure Network - see Diagram 4.9.1 of Bristol Development Framework Core Strategy) passes through the Conservation Area. In addition, two further green corridors lead from the Avon on either side of, and partly through, the Conservation Area, completely enclosing it, one via Shirehampton Park and Kingsweston Park to the north, the other via the Trym Valley to the south.

Figure 88: Trym Valley, has important biodiversity value

7.6.14 The Conservation Area’s considerable contribution to green infrastructure and biodiversity includes its planned green open spaces, enclosed open spaces and recreation areas, its private gardens and hedges, its grass verges and tree-lined streets, its allotments, and its footpaths. 70.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal Side/Rear Extensions 8. negative features 8.5 Side and rear extensions may conflict with the principle that the beauty of the 8.1 The value or importance of a Conservation backs and fronts of buildings are of equal Area can be vulnerable to harm as importance (see Garden Suburb Glossary negative elements detract from the local Appendix 1); and detrimentally alter the environment, and threaten to undermine its simple square or rectangular block form of special interest. This can include small-scale the architecture and the overall uniformity alterations, loss of traditional features, and cohesiveness of the Garden Suburb. or large-scale developments. Negative features and threats present an opportunity 8.6 As they are frequently visible from for enhancement or restoration, as detailed the public realm, including views and in Section 9. glimpses, rear elevations which fail to match the design and fenestration of the 8.2 Designed and built in just over a decade, front elevations and the simple square or Sea Mills Garden Suburb is a single unified rectangular block form of the architecture, and uniform entity. Holistically planned threaten the character and appearance of and formally laid out following Garden the Conservation Area. City and Garden Suburb principles, it is a single homogeneous design. Unlike 8.7 Rear extensions, which interrupt or Conservation Areas of varied construction break the rear building line of domestic that have evolved over centuries, where it properties, may also have a negative impact may be possible to introduce new designs, on the public realm owing to the frequent provided they are sympathetic, Sea Mills views along rear building lines. They may is particularly vulnerable to change of also threaten the consistency of a group this kind, uniformity being a fundamental arrangement. characteristic. Even minor changes can have a detrimental effect. 8.8 The flat-fronted and flat-backed simple rectangular or square plan form character of Extensions & Infill Developments the original houses is a fundamental feature of Sea Mills, and particularly sensitive to the 8.3 Extensions and unsympathetic infill are detrimental impact of new additions. a significant threat to the character and appearance of the Conservation Area, which 8.9 Side extensions which close the gap between can undermine the fundamental principles houses threatens the sense of spaciousness of Garden Suburb design and layout. that characterises the layout of the Garden Extensions or infill are especially damaging Suburb, and disrupts the rhythmic pattern where they ignore predominant mass, scale, of the spacing of houses in a street. Side fenestration, materials, local architectural extensions also undermine the planned features, the simple square or rectangular symmetrical form of paired houses or block form of the architecture and terraces. roofscape, planned gaps between buildings, and traditional front and rear building lines. 8.10 Side extensions to buildings on corner plots threaten the designed openness of 8.4 The merging of plots within the Conservation these plots. Side extensions also have Area threatens to undermine traditional a detrimental impact on glimpses and layout patterns and the regularity of plot views of open spaces or gardens seen and garden sizes. between the houses or across corner plots, so diminishing the verdant and spacious appearance and character of the Garden Suburb. 1.71. Roofscape and Roof Extensions Conservation Area. The omission of glazing 8.11 The consistent roofscape that characterises bars from windows, where they were much of Sea Mills is under threat from original to the building, is particularly gradual change due to roof level extensions detrimental to character. or alterations to the original roof form, or changes to the predominant roof colour. 8.17 Where wholesale replacement is needed, the detail of doors and windows must New Developments & Public Buildings match the originals in terms of glazing 8.12 When new developments and public patterns and method of opening. Poor buildings fail to adequately reflect the quality replacement doors and windows local context and its fundamentally have a detrimental impact on the integrity uniform character, appearance, and of individual buildings, and the character roofscape, they threaten to undermine the of the Conservation Area as a whole. cohesiveness of the area. External Finish 8.13 The twin pitched roofs and dormers 8.18 There have been unsympathetic changes of Abona Court, a private residential to the original external finishes. For extension to the rear of the Methodist example, some original red brick Church, have introduced a new roof form. houses have been painted or rendered This, together with its massing and height and painted; some originally rendered in relation to adjacent small cottage-style Parkinson houses have been repaired with houses has, to some extent, spoiled local a finish that is alien both to the original glimpses of the building as seen via the finish and to the character and appearance gaps between adjacent houses, and also in of the Garden Suburb. In addition, some more distant views from the north. Partial extensions unsympathetically have a finish use of timber panelling, not part of the that does not match that of the house to original palette of materials used in the which it is adjoined. construction of the Garden Suburb, is also out of character. Porches 8.19 The addition of porches can have a 8.14 Given the way in which the Garden Suburb negative impact on the front building line was intrinsically planned, and the way as well as on the original design of the public buildings feature within the overall street scene, whether by the breaking of layout, there is also a threat that current a deliberately plain curving front building public buildings may be altered in an line or by adding clutter to a straight street unsympathetic way that impacts negatively picture where the set-backs and variations on the wider area. have been deliberately planned. Porches may also hide, and sometimes damage, the Windows and Doors original door surround and canopy. 8.15 Windows and doors are crucial in establishing the character of a building’s Loss of Traditional Architectural Details elevation. Original doors and windows, 8.20 Removal of traditional details, for including their detailing, materials and example door canopies and surrounds and method of opening make a significant original side chimney-stacks, has had a contribution to the character of the detrimental impact, and similarly, the Conservation Area. gradual replacement of original clay roof tiles by concrete ones. Where they remain, 8.16 Where out-of-character replacement doors traditional architectural details should be and windows have been inserted, these preserved and restored; and reinstatement have had a significant and detrimental of lost features sought wherever possible. cumulative impact on the architectural integrity of the houses as well as adversely 72.1. affecting the homogeneity of the wider CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal Small-scale Accretions internal size of the shop. In addition, there 8.21  Small-scale additions, although relatively is a potential loss of front gardens and minor in themselves, can build up to have traditional privet hedging front boundaries a negative impact. Individually they if houses are converted from residential may detract from the building itself or use. be insensitively sited so that they impact on the wider street scene. The impact 8.27 Poor quality replacement shopfronts, of satellite dishes, telephone wires and signage, and ATM machines can undermine poles, external gas and electricity boxes, the quality of the street scene, especially solar panels, radio masts, boiler flues etc. if of an inappropriate scale, material can be reduced through careful siting or internally illuminated. Where they and choice of materials and colours, and remain, the original shopfronts and neo- removal when redundant or upgraded. classical door surrounds and canopies in the Conservation Area should be Loss of Gardens, Privet Hedges & Grass Verges preserved. Unsightly and poorly positioned 8.22 The loss of front garden plots to off- security features can also have a visually street parking; the loss of traditional detrimental effect on shop fronts. green privet hedges, or their replacement by other boundary treatments; and the Loss of Single Family Dwellings incorporation of grass verges into private 8.28 As the provision of family housing was a hardstanding or front gardens is beginning fundamental characteristic of Sea Mills to undermine the landscape quality, Garden Suburb, the diminution of this due verdant appearance and biodiversity value to flat conversions, threatens to undermine of the area. this. Poorly executed and insensitive conversions also has a negative impact 8.23 The use of a mixture of non-traditional on the original architectural integrity of surface materials, block paving, and buildings and the wider street scene. boundary treatments is also gradually eroding the uniformity of the Conservation Public Realm Area. Public Green Spaces 8.24 Rear and side gardens may also be 8.29 A number of the Garden Suburb’s planned detrimentally lost, subdivided or reduced open spaces and planned enclosed open in size by provision of flat conversions or spaces have been detrimentally lost to infill developments. infill development or other uses. The loss of original planned open spaces or Shops, Shopfronts & Signage enclosed open spaces within Sea Mills to 8.25 Local shops make an important unsympathetic development, infill, change contribution to the quality of life, the of layout, or change of use, will further sustainability, and the character and undermine the designed historic character appearance of the Conservation Area. As of the Garden Suburb. the centrepiece of the Conservation Area, Sea Mills Square is particularly sensitive. 8.30 Given its function as the centrepiece There is a potential for detrimental loss of to the Garden Suburb, Sea Mills Square shopfronts if local businesses are changed is particularly sensitive to change. Any to residential/corporate uses. change to its designed layout or formal character would be highly detrimental to 8.26 There is also a potential loss of residential the Conservation Area. character if houses adjacent to shops on Sea Mills Square are incorporated into shops as storage or as an extension to the 1.73. Recreation and Play Facilities 8.31 Public green spaces such as Sea Mills 8.37 Poor signage and uninviting entrances to Square and the focal greens in front of the recreation facilities and footpaths, and the library are also susceptible to damage from lack of seating, planting, and maintenance, cars either parking or driving across them. currently make these spaces un-welcoming. In addition, an original entrance path to 8.32 A few of the planned enclosed open the Recreation Ground (between numbers spaces, particularly Coombe Dale and the 33 and 35 St. Edyth’s Road) has been one adjacent to Ely Grove, have become blocked. These factors combine to reduce overgrown. There is currently an under their use and have an impact on visual as supply of allotment plots in the area. The well as physical amenity. The tennis courts enhancement of these spaces would impact in Dingle Close require upgrading and positively on the character of Sea Mills maintenance. Garden Suburb. 8.38 Play-space facilities in the Conservation 8.33 Some of the public open spaces such as Area currently fail to meet the Council’s Three Acre Covert and the Trym Valley, requirements for quantity and distance; particularly between Dingle Road and that which does exist is undermined by the Shirehampton Road, suffer from lack of poorly maintained equipment and surfaces. maintenance, which limit their use and value. The white bridge that spans the Views & Vistas Trym Valley via Dingle Road is particularly in need of regular care of its appearance. 8.39 The high quality views in the vicinity of The north side of this bridge lies within the the sports grounds located between the Kings Weston and Trym Valley Conservation Portway and the River Avon are spoiled Area and the south side within the Sea Mills by the mobile phone masts and floodlight Conservation Area. masts. These masts are out-of-character with the conservation area and the Street Furniture surrounding area. Light spillage from the 8.34 Traditional street furniture, such as lamp floodlights also impacts on the quality of standards, wooden telegraph poles, the Conservation Area. telephone kiosks, post boxes and original street signs adds to the quality and special 8.40 It is important to the roofscape of the interest of the environment and their loss Garden Suburb that no more buildings are or damage threatens to undermine this. permitted to punctuate the skyline as this would detract from the skyline as originally 8.35 Unsympathetically sited or non-traditional planned with just the two churches street furniture can be highly detrimental punctuating it. to the public realm, especially in sensitive areas such as Sea Mills Square.

Street Trees 8.36 Street trees are vital to the quality of the local environment and their loss through felling or damage gradually undermines the quality of the area.

74.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

9. management proposals 9.6 Investigate individual concerns that are raised, with a view to taking enforcement 9.1 It is expected that the effective action if appropriate, where Council land management of the Sea Mills has been taken into the curtilage of a Conservation Area can, for the most property without consent. part, be met through an effective policy framework and the positive use 9.7 Increase awareness of conservation issues of existing development management and understanding of the character of and enforcement powers. The analysis the Conservation Area through promotion of the character and appearance of the of this Conservation Area Character Conservation Area within this Character Appraisal. Appraisal therefore identifies those elements the Council will seek to protect, Negative Feature as well as negative features, which may Out-of-Character Replacement Doors and present opportunities for enhancement. Windows

9.2 The following table provides a list of Potential Action proposals related specifically to those 9.8 Where consent is required, resist features identified as ‘negative’ in Section proposals for windows or doors that do not 8. The implementation of the Potential respect the character or appearance of Actions may depend on the existing and the Conservation Area. future financial and staff resources that Bristol City Council departments work 9.9 Encourage appropriate reinstatement of within. unsympathetic alterations to windows and doors in future Development Management Negative Feature negotiations. Loss of Gardens, Privet Hedges and Grass Verges 9.10 Seek enforcement action against unauthorised replacement windows or Potential Action doors where a breach of planning control 9.3 Where consent is required, resist has occurred. proposals to remove boundary treatments that make a positive contribution to Negative Feature the character or appearance of the Extensions & Unsympathetic Alteration Conservation Area. 9.11 Where consent is required, resist 9.4 Encourage appropriate reinstatement of unsympathetic alterations through privet hedges and front gardens in future positive use of existing Development development management negotiations. Management powers. 9.5 Seek enforcement action against 9.12 Encourage appropriate reinstatement unauthorised removal of gardens and of unsympathetic alterations in future boundary treatments where a breach of Development Management negotiations. planning control has occurred and there is a negative impact on the character or 9.13 Seek enforcement action against, and appearance of the Conservation Area. potentially removal of, unauthorised extensions and unsympathetic alterations where a breach of planning control has occurred. 1.75. Negative Feature 9.20 Where Conservation Area Consent for Loss of Traditional Architectural Details demolition of a building that makes a positive contribution to the character Potential Action and appearance of the Conservation Area 9.14 Where consent is required, resist is allowed, seek like-for-like replacement the loss of traditional architectural on the same footprint. details through positive use of existing development control powers. Negative Feature Unsympathetic New Public Buildings & 9.15 Encourage appropriate reinstatement of Unsympathetic Alterations or Additions to traditional architectural details in future Existing Public Buildings development control negotiations. Potential Action 9.16 Seek enforcement action against 9.21 Ensure new public buildings are sensitive unauthorised removal of traditional to the character and appearance of the architectural details where a breach of Conservation Area through positive use planning control has occurred. of existing development management powers. Negative Feature Unsympathetic Infill & Over Intensive 9.22 Where consent is required, resist Developments unsympathetic alterations or additions through positive use of existing Potential Action development control powers. 9.17 Resist unsympathetic applications which would harm the pattern of open 9.23 Encourage appropriate reinstatement of spaces, enclosed open spaces, gardens, traditional architectural details in future low density, plot sizes and rhythm, and development control negotiations. planned layout. Any new development should be sensitive to the character Negative Feature and appearance of the Conservation Loss of Single Family Dwellings to Flats & Area. High quality design and materials Houses in Multiple Occupancy (HMOs) will be encouraged through existing development management powers. 9.24 Where conversions occur, ensure development is sensitive to the character 9.18 Seek enforcement action against any and appearance of the Conservation breach of planning permissions of Area through positive use of existing conditions where there is a negative development management powers. impact on the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. 9.25 Encourage appropriate reinstatement of single-family dwellings, where 9.19 Ensure that predominant height, scale, appropriate, in future development massing, footprint, layout, materials, management negotiations. details, roofscape and front and rear and building lines are respected in line 9.26 Seek enforcement action against with the BLP/LDF policies and findings unauthorised conversions where a within the Conservation Area Character breach of planning control has occurred Appraisal. and there is a negative impact on the character or appearance of the Conservation Area. 76.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal Negative Feature Negative Feature Loss of Shops to Residential Use Small-scale Accretions

Potential Action Potential Action 9.27 Resist the conversion of shops to 9.33 Encourage removal of redundant wires, residential use where this threatens to alarm boxes, air conditioning units undermine the character or appearance etc. in development management of the Conservation Area, or threatens negotiations or seek enforcement action the sustainability of the local area. where a breach of planning control has occurred and the item has a negative Negative Feature impact on the character or appearance Poor Quality Shopfronts & Signage of the Conservation Area.

Potential Action Negative Feature 9.28 Where a breach of planning control Threats to Public Green Spaces has occurred, seek enforcement action against unauthorised removal/alteration Potential Action of shopfronts or signage that has a 9.34 Investigate appropriate ways to reduce negative impact on the character or damage to edges of Sea Mills Square from appearance of the Conservation Area. cars.

9.29 Encourage appropriate reinstatement of 9.35 Seek improved maintenance of the shopfront and signage design (following Trym Valley and other open spaces to guidance in Policy Advice Note 8) in encourage their use and value within the future development management Conservation Area. negotiations. Negative Feature 9.30 Investigate the possibility of updating Loss of traditional street surfaces and street existing shopfront/advertisement design features guidance. Potential Action Negative Feature 9.36 Encourage retention/reinstatement of Threat to Views & Vistas cobbles, setts, stone kerbing, Pennant paving etc.; where those materials are Potential Action ‘fit for purpose’. 9.31 Where applications for new development arise, ensure this is sensitive to 9.37 Encourage like-for-like replacement, the character or appearance of the provided material is ‘fit for purpose’. Conservation Area through positive use of existing development management 9.38 Where wholesale replacement is powers. proposed work should be undertaken to ensure consistency and quality of 9.32 Seek enforcement action, where replacement materials. appropriate, against unauthorised development that has a detrimental impact on the character or appearance of the Conservation Area.

1.77. Negative Feature Negative Feature Loss or Poor Maintenance of Traditional Street Lack of Street Trees Furniture & Signs Potential Action Potential Action 9.47 Consult with the Tree Forum to address 9.39 Retain or reinstate, and ensure good issues concerning street trees and to maintenance of, traditional street prevent the removal of trees in the furniture where appropriate. public realm without prior consultation with interested parties. 9.40 Retain and maintain traditional street signs where appropriate. 9.48 Seek enforcement action where a breach of conservation area consent or planning 9.41 Support local conservation groups and control has occurred amenity societies who may seek to maintain or reinstate traditional street ADDITIONAL POTENTIAL ACTIONS furniture in their local areas.. Increase Awareness Negative Feature 9.49 Increase awareness of conservation issues Recreation & Play Facilities and understanding of the character of the Conservation Area through the Potential Action promotion of this Character Appraisal and 9.42 Seek removal and appropriate other means. replacement of dangerous/redundant play equipment. 9.50 Investigate the possibility of producing a leaflet for house owners advising them on 9.43 Seek to bring the quantity and distance what is and is not covered by Permitted standards of recreational and play Development rights and how best to facilities up to the minimum adopted maintain their property in a way that in the Council’s Parks and Green Spaces is consistent with the character of the Strategy. Conservation Area as identified in this Appraisal. 9.44 Seek to improve access, signage, planting and seating in recreation areas to Direction Controlling Permitted Development increase their use and sense of safety. 9.51 Investigate the possibility of implementing a Direction to remove Negative Feature certain Permitted Development rights Unauthorised works in order to protect features considered important to the character or appearance Potential Action of the Conservation Area. 9.45 Seek enforcement action against unauthorised works where a breach of planning control has occurred and there is a negative impact on the character or appearance of the Conservation Area.

9.46 Increase awareness of conservation issues and understanding of the character of the Conservation Area through promotion of the Character Appraisal. 78.1. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

10. statement of community 10.5 Regular e-mail contact with the SSMGS involvement working group was maintained as a draft document evolved, with a first draft 10.1 The first involvement with the community reviewed in January 2010. An interim was in October 2009 when officers first meeting was held with the SSMGS working contacted the Save Sea Mills Garden group on 09.02.10 to discuss progress of the Suburb Group (SSMGS) regarding the first draft document. forthcoming Appraisal. A small working group made up of SSMGS members was 10.6 Once the draft document had been then established and a pre-meeting and compiled, a second public meeting initial walk-about the Conservation Area was held on 30.03.10 at the Sea Mills was held, in which the appraisal process Community Centre. This meeting was was explained and the key issues raised. advertised in the Bristol Evening Post notice (26.03.10), a BCC Press Release, 10.2 Prior to document drafting an initial and on the BCC website. A letter/e- public meeting was advertised in the mail was written to all who expressed an Bristol Evening Post (11.11.09); Sea interest during the first-stage consultation Mills Community Voice - a community notifying of the meeting. The draft newsletter; Posters in the Sea Mills character appraisal was available to Public Library, Bristol Central Library and download from the BCC website along with elsewhere throughout the Conservation details of the public consultation and ways Area; Bristol City Council website; Bristol to make representations. Consultation Finder (uploaded 26.10.09). BCC Councillors were notified through an 10.7 This second public meeting provided an e-mail dated 23.10.10. opportunity to present the main findings of the draft document including: Streets & 10.3 This initial public meeting was held on Spaces, Views, Landmark Building, Unlisted Wednesday 18.11.09 at the Sea Mills Buildings of Merit etc.; and proposed Community Centre, Sunny Hill. Topics boundary alterations. There was an covered included: opportunity for questions and discussion • What a character appraisal is and why BCC and details of the subsequent consultation undertakes them period in which representations were • The general format for character appraisals invited were given. Copies of the draft and the national guidance followed document and draft maps were available to • The types of features that make a take away from the meeting. conservation area special • The types of features that detract from a 10.8 This second public consultation period conservation area closed on 30.04.10. • The importance of reviewing boundaries, and identifying unlisted buildings of merit 10.9 In addition to the community • The projected timescale for the document consultation, BCC’s Landscape Design, production Strategic & City-wide Policy, North Area • Details on how and when to make Planning Team, Planning Enforcement, representations and contact officers and Highways, the Conservation Advisory Panel, North Area Planning Committee, 10.4 The first-stage public consultation ran until English Heritage, and other statutory 18.12.09. During which time feedback bodies, were consulted and invited to from interested parties on any issues comment on the draft. relevant to any aspect the appraisal document were welcomed. 1.79. SEA MILLS CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal

10.10 Once the second public consultation 11. Local Guidance, Publications & period had closed, all comments and Sources of Further Information suggested amendments were reviewed and the document and maps updated There are a number of sources that provide as necessary. The Strategic Director, information on the history of Sea Mills from City Development, adopted the findings Roman times until the creation of the Garden within the draft Appraisal on 14 July Suburb. These include: 2010 in principle. Work and meetings to discuss the draft continued with • Rosamund Jevons & John Madge. Housing SSMGS and BCC Housing and Strategic Estates: A Study of Bristol Corporation Policy Policy Teams prior to the Appraisal being and Practice between the Wars. N.d. c. 1946 published in December 2010. • Julian Bennett, Sea Mills: The Roman Town of Abonae. Excavations at Nazareth House 1972. 10.11 The Sea Mills Character Appraisal is Bristol 1985 available for reference from the Sea • John Betjeman quote on Sea Mills. Extract Mills and Bristol Central Libraries and is from a radio talk on Bristol from the series available to down-load at: www.bristol. ‘Town Tours’ April 12 1937 printed in ‘Trains gov.uk/conservationareas; hard copies can and Buttered Toast’ by Stephen Games 2006 purchased via [email protected] p.59-60 • Geoffrey Body, Past Bristol Times, Bristol 10.12 The Sea Mills Character Appraisal is 2008 available to down-load at: www.bristol. • Peter Harris, The Lower Trym Valley: A gov.uk/conservationareas or hard copies History of the River Trym and the Valley from purchased via [email protected] the Junction of the Hen and the Trym to the Harbour at Sea Mills. 1993 • James Russell, Sea Mills Dock, Bristol, in the Journal of the Council for British Archaeology South West No 21 pp. 26-46, 2008 • James Russell, Sea Mills Dock, Bristol – A Postscript, in the Journal of the Council for British Archaeology South West No 22 pp. 36- 37, 2008 • James Russell, Mixing Business with Pleasure. An 18th Century Garden Layout at Sea Mills, Bristol. • Jim Constant, Sea Mills, Bristol Archaeological Research Group, Volume 6, No 7 April 1979.

Unpublished Works • Dr. Mervyn Miller. Sea Mills Garden Suburb in Context. 2007. • John Roberts. The Definition and Characteristics of a Post-WW1 Garden Suburb with Particular Reference to Sea Mills Garden Suburb, Bristol. Save Sea Mills Garden Suburb, 2007.

80.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal • Keith J. Skilleter. Bristol’s Garden Suburbs: • J and D Fisher, Bygone Bristol: Shirehampton, A History of Housing Reform, Town Planning Sea Mills on Old Postcards, Bristol 1977 and the Corporation’s ‘Cottage Estates’ 1890- • Francis Greenacre and Sheena Stoddard, 1939. The Bristol Landscape: The Watercolours of • Tim Wallis. Conserving Sea Mills Garden Samuel Jackson 1794 -1869, Bristol 1986 Suburb. Sea Mills & Coombe Dingle • J.S. Fry and Sons, English City: The Story of Community Project, 2006. Bristol, Bristol 1945 • William Cowlin and Son Ltd, A Record of Reports, books and articles relating to the Building, Bristol 1928 Garden Suburb and 20th century architecture include: Sources from Bristol Record Office include: • Ebenezer Howard. Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path • Maps of Sea Mill Farm in the Parish of to Reform. 1898 Henbury and County of and Clack • Raymond Unwin. Town Planning in Practice. Mill Farm together with Bowdown Field in 1909 the Parish of Henbury and the County of • Raymond Unwin. Nothing Gained by Gloucester from Maps of several estates, Overcrowding. 1912 belonging to Edward Southwell esq, surveyed • The Tudor Walters Report 1918 - Report of the in 1771 and the drawings completed in 1772 Committee appointed by the President of the by Isaac Taylor. [BRO 26570] Local Government Board and the Secretary • Blueprint of Sea Mills Garden Suburb [BRO for Scotland to consider Questions of Building Red Label 36(5) Housing Estates pre 1944] Construction in Connection with the Provision • Photograph of new houses (Woodleaze, Sea of Dwellings for the Working Classes in Mills) [43207/9/23/80] and , and Scotland, and Report • Photograph of Sea Mills 1911 [43207/9/24/2] upon Methods of Securing Economy and Despatch in the Provision of Such Dwellings. • Manual on the Preparation of State-aided Further information on the Sea Mills Housing Schemes (1919). Conservation Area can be sought from: • Anthony D King, The Bungalow: The Production of a Global Culture, 1984 • Save Sea Mills Garden Suburb • C and A Williams-Ellis, The Pleasures of • Bristol Parks Forum www.bristolparks.org.uk Architecture, Jonathan Cape Ltd London 1924 • Mark Swenarton, Building the New Jerusalem: For further information on Conservation Area Architecture, Housing and Politics 1900 – Character Appraisals or conservation issues in 1930, 2008 general, contact: • John Burnett. A Social History of Housing Urban Design & Conservation 1815 - 1985. Methuen, 1986, 2nd ed. City Design Group • Peter Malpass & Jennie Walmsley.100 Years of Planning Services Division Council Housing in Bristol. BCC/UWE Faculty Bristol City Council of the Built Environment, 2005. Tel: 0117 922 3097 • Dr Mervyn Miller. English Garden Cities: An Fax: 0117 922 3101 Introduction. English Heritage, 2010 E-mail: [email protected]

Images of Sea Mills at various times in its history Adopted and consultation draft character can be found in: appraisals and details of the programme for • F.C. Jones and W.G. Chown, History of reviewing conservation areas can be viewed at Bristol’s Suburbs: 78 Photographs from the www.bristol.gov.uk/conservationareas Reece Winstone Collection, Bristol 1977 For advice on alterations to buildings or new development within the Sea Mills Conservation

1.81. Area, contact: • Suburbs and the Historic Environment (2007) North & West Area Planning Team • Understanding Place: Historic Area Planning Services Division Assessment - Principles and Practice (2010) Bristol City Council Tel: 0117 922 3097 English Heritage (Head Office) Fax: 0117 922 3417 1 Waterhouse Square [email protected] 138 – 142 Holborn London EC1N 2ST The Sea Mills Conservation Area Character General Enquiries: 020 7973 3000 Appraisal & Management Proposals will form part www.english-heritage.org.uk of the emerging Local Development Framework and should be considered within the context English Heritage (South West) of existing Supplementary Planning Guidance 29 Queen Square (SPGs), Supplementary Planning Documents Bristol BS1 4ND (SPDs), and Planning Advice Notes (PANs) Tel: 0117 950 0700 including: For technical guidance and lists of specialist • City Centre Strategy and Action Plan suppliers relating to historic buildings, contact: • SPD 7 ‘Archaeology and Development’ • PAN 6 – Off-street Residential Parking in The Society for the Protection of Ancient Conservation Areas Buildings (SPAB) • PAN 7 – Conservation Policies 37 Spital Square • PAN 8 – Shopfront Design Guides London E1 6DY • PAN 15 – Responding to Local Character – Tel: 020 7377 1644 A Design Guide www.spab.org.uk • PAN 17 - Control of Food and Drink Uses The Georgian Group Bristol’s Environmental Access Standards, 2006 6 Fitzroy Square should also be used by those who are planning, London W1T 5DX designing and implementing schemes in the built Tel: 0871 750 2936 environment. www.georgiangroup.org.uk

Bristol City Council’s planning policies are set The Victorian Society out in the adopted Bristol Local Plan (BLP) 1997 1 Priory Gardens and 2003 Proposed Alterations to the Local Plan. Bedford Park These documents can viewed at London W4 1TT www.bristol.gov.uk/planning Tel: 020 8994 1019 www.victorian-society.org.uk Further information on listed buildings, conservation areas, and guidance on character The Twentieth Century Society appraisals can be obtained from: 70 Cowcross Street London EC1M 6EJ National Policy Guidance: Tel: 020 7250 3857 • Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning www.c20society.org.uk for the Historic Environment (2010) and accompanying Practice Guide (2010) Institute of Historic Building Conservation (IHBC) www.ihbc.org.uk English Heritage Publications: • Guidance on conservation area appraisals (2006) • Guidance on the management of conservation areas (2006) 82.1. • The Heritage of Historic Suburbs (2007) CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

12. glossary Console An ornamental bracket with a curved profile and 12.1 glossary of Architectural Terms usually of greater height than projection

Aesthetics Coursing Relating to, or sensitive to, visual beauty Continuous horizontal layer of masonry, such as brick or coursed stone Accretions A gradual build-up of small additions and layers Crittall The name commonly given to metal casement Bay windows, originally developed by British A vertical division of the exterior of a building manufacturer, Crittall Windows Ltd, in the period marked by fenestration, an order, buttresses, after the First World War roof compartments etc. Cul-de-sac Bay Window Literally meaning “bottom of the bag”, term An angular or curved projecting window referring to a dead end, close or no through road (see also Garden Suburb Glossary Appendix 1). Barge Board Board fixed to the gable end of a roof to hide the Door Surround ends of the purlin timbers Timber assembly around a door, usually based on the classical motif of column, frieze and cornice Canted Term describing part, or segment, of a façade, Dormer Window which is at an angle of less than 90° to another A window placed vertically in a sloping roof and part of the same façade with a roof of its own. Name comes from French to sleep Casement Window A metal or timber window with side hinged Façade leaves, opening outwards or inwards The frontage of a building

Catslide Fascia A wedge-shaped dormer or outshut roof which A flat board, usually of wood, covering the ends slopes in the same plane as the main roof of rafters or a plain strip over a shop front, usually carrying its name Chamfer A bevelled edge connecting two surfaces. When Fenestration the surfaces are at right angles the chamfer will The arrangement of windows in a building’s typically be symmetrical at 45 degrees façade

Chimney Stack Gable Masonry or brickwork containing several flues, The upper portion of a wall at the end of a projecting above the roof and terminating in pitched roof; can have straight sides or be chimney pots shaped or crowned with a pediment (known as a Dutch Gable)

1.83. Gibbs Surround Roof Pitch The surround of a doorway or window consisting Angle at which rafters form an apex from the of alternating large and small blocks of stone, supporting walls or of intermittent large blocks; sometimes with a narrow raised band connecting up the vertical Roofscape and along the face of the arch. Named after View resulting from a blend of roof pitches, sizes the influential church architect of the early 18th and heights within the built environment century James Gibbs (1662 – 1754). Sash Window A window formed with sliding glazed frames Glazing Bars running vertically Bars which subdivide a casement or sash window Segmental Arch Hipped Roof A curved arch above an opening constructed A roof with sloped instead of vertical ends from shaped bricks or stones

Pantile uPVC Roofing tile, of clay, with curved ‘S’-shaped or Unplacticized Polyvinyl Chloride. A cheap, corrugated section. Double Roman tiles are durable and low-maintenance plastic widely used flat in the middle, with a concave curve at one in construction, commonly as a substitute for end at a convex curve at the other, to allow painted wood in double-glazing. interlocking. Vernacular Pennant Stone Term used to describe methods of construction Hard, fine-grained, blue/grey or red coloured which use locally available resources sandstone. Quarried in South Wales and the and traditions to address local needs and Bristol area and commonly used, throughout circumstances the country, as a stone roofing or street surface material; or, as in Sea Mills, as a dressing or facing stone

Pitched Roof A roof consisting of two halves that form a peak in the middle where they meet

Render Covering material, e.g plaster, over a stone or brick surface

Reveal The wall structure exposed by setting-back window or door joinery from the face of the building

Ridgeline The apex of the roof continued along the length of the roof span

84.1. SEA MILLS CONSERVATION AREA Character Appraisal

12.2 glossary of Planning Policy Terms Curtilage Listing Article 4 and Article 4 (2) Directions “Any object or structure within the curtilage Restrict the right of landowners to carry out of the building which, although not fixed to the certain categories of development which would building, forms part of the land and has done otherwise be automatically permitted; where so since before 1st July 1948”. This would that type of permitted development would mean listed building consent is required for have a particularly unfortunate effect on the its demolition, in whole or in part, and for any appearance of the area. The Secretary of works of alteration or extension which would State’s approval is not required in the case of affect its character as a building of special a direction made under Article 4 (2) relating to architectural or historic interest land in a conservation area Discontinuance Notices Building at Risk Register Where an advertisement is being displayed with Listed buildings “at risk” are those in danger the benefit of deemed consent, any authority of being lost due to: lack of use; under-use; may serve a discontinuance notice on the owner disrepair; or dereliction. Alongside a national and occupier of the land and on the advertiser, Register, maintained by English Heritage, the requiring the advertisement to be removed city council also produces a Register of Buildings at Risk, which is revised and updated every two Heritage Asset years. Buildings are categorised (1-3) according A building, monument, site, place, area or to their state of disrepair landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration Character in planning decisions. Heritage assets are the The design, materials and pattern of land use valued components of the historic environment. of the built environment provide character and They include designated heritage assets and definition to a locality and can enable local assets identified by the local planning authority planning authorities to better understand the during the process of decision-making or through appropriateness of proposed development. (PPS5 the plan-making process Practice Guide para. 34.) It is a government objective that the positive contribution of the Historic Environment historic environment and its heritage assets to All aspects of the environment resulting from the local character and sense of place is recognised interaction between people and places through and valued time, including all surviving physical remains of past human activity, whether visible, buried Conservation Area or submerged, and landscaped and planted or “An area of special architectural or historic managed flora. Those elements of the historic interest, the character or appearance of which environment that hold significance are called it is desirable to preserve or enhance”. Set out heritage assets in Section 69 of the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. The planning House in Multiple Occupation (HMO) authority has extra powers to control works and A house which is occupied by three of more demolition of buildings to protect or improve the unrelated persons, who do not form a single character or appearance of the area household – this definition is supported by Sections 254, 257 and 258 of the Housing Act 2004

85.1. Listed Building A building, object or structure that has been Planning Policy Statement: 5 (PPS5) judged to be of national importance in terms of Sets out planning policies on the conservation architectural or historic interest and included on of the historic environment. The policies are a a special register, called the List of Buildings of material consideration which must be taken into Special Architectural or Historic Interest. account in development management decisions, When a building is listed, it is listed in its where relevant entirety, which means that both the exterior and the interior are protected. Listed buildings are Register of Historic Parks and Gardens classified into grades as follows: Historic parks and gardens are designed Grade I - buildings of exceptional interest landscapes which, because of their layout, (approximately 2% of all listed buildings) features and architectural ornament, are of Grade II* - particularly important and more than special historic interest. Many significant parks special interest (approximately 4%) and gardens, which were originally identified in a Grade II - buildings of special interest, Register compiled by the Avon Gardens Trust, are warranting every effort being made to preserve protected by Policy NE9 of the Bristol Local Plan. them (94%) English Heritage also maintains a Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. Entries are Graded I, Landmark Building II* or II A conspicuous building or structure that, whether due to its height, location, specific use or Regulation 7 Directions detailed design, stands out from its background. A local planning authority may seek a direction May also be a navigation or focal point, or a key under regulation 7 restricting the display element in views, both locally and in the wider of advertising of: various official signs and context advertisements; miscellaneous small signs; Listed Building Consent estate agents’ boards; site boards; signs on Listed building control is a type of planning business premises; advertisements on flags; control, which protects buildings of special posters on hoardings etc. If a Direction is in architectural or historical interest. place it means that the particular category of The controls apply to any works for the advertisement can be displayed, but only if demolition of a listed building, or for its it has been the subject of a grant of express alteration or extension, which is likely to consent affect its character as a building of special architectural or historical interest Section 106 Agreement Section 106 (S106) of the Town and Country Negative Features Planning Act 1990 allows a local planning Elements within a locality that detract from its authority (LPA) to enter into a legally-binding special character or appearance, which offer a agreement or planning obligation with a potential for beneficial change landowner in association with the granting of planning permission. Permitted Development These agreements are a way of delivering or There are a number of categories of minor addressing matters that are necessary to make a works for which a planning application is not development acceptable in planning terms. They normally needed for certain works to enlarge, are used to support the provision of services and improvement, or other alter a dwelling house infrastructure, such as highways, recreational as they are automatically permitted by a facilities, education, health and affordable general or special development order as in The housing Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (Amendment) (No. 2) (England) Order, 2008’ 86.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

Setting The surroundings in which a heritage asset is experienced. Its extent is not fixed and may change as the asset and its surroundings evolve. Elements of a setting may make a positive or negative contribution to the significance of an asset, may affect the ability to appreciate that significance or may be neutral

Significance The value of a heritage asset to this and future generations because of its heritage interest. That interest may be archaeological, architectural, artistic or historic

Strategic Housing Land Availability Assessment (SHLAA) The SHLAA aims to identify as many of the potentially developable housing sites in Bristol as possible. Developable sites are those which are considered to be in a suitable location for housing development and have a reasonable prospect of being developed before 2026

Tree Preservation Order (TPO) The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and associated Regulations enables the local authority to protect trees in the interests of amenity, by making tree preservation orders (TPOs). The making of an order, in general, makes it an offence to cut down, top, lop, uproot, willfully damage or willfully destroy a tree without our permission

1.87. CLIFTONSEA MILLS & CONSE HOTWELLSRVATION AREA Character Appraisal

12.3 garden Suburb Glossary Boundaries, Approaches and Gateways Unwin had studied the layout of ancient cities, 12.3.1 The following glossary defines terms noting how old city walls formed a distinct peculiar to garden suburbs and cities, as boundary between the town and country. He well as including other definitions and applied this model to the boundaries of modern fuller details relevant to Sea Mills Garden towns and suburbs. “Though we shall not copy Suburb: the fortified wall of the old city, we may take from it a most pregnant suggestion of the value Allotments & Allotment Gardens of defining and limiting towns, suburbs, and Allotments are a defining characteristic of new areas generally.” (Raymond Unwin. Town a garden suburb being part of what makes a Planning in Practice). “In large towns or areas it garden city or garden suburb what it is. On plans would be desirable to secure wide belts of park and layouts, allotments were sometimes referred land, playing fields, or even agricultural land.” to as “allotment gardens”, “additional gardens”, “These belts might well define our parishes or or “extra gardens”. The 1922 Allotments Act our wards, and by so doing might help to foster a described an allotment garden: “as an allotment feeling of local unity in the area.” not exceeding 40 poles (or 1,000 square metres) “Having found suggestions in the ancient which is wholly or mainly cultivated by the wall, we must not forget the gateway and occupier for the production of fruit or vegetables the importance of marking in some way the for consumption by himself and his family.” entrances of our towns, our suburbs, and our districts. ... For example, some little forecourt Back Projections of green surrounded by buildings and led up What we would today call ‘rear extensions’. to by an avenue of trees would strike at once Raymond Unwin had an almost vehement the necessary note; and many other simple aversion to what he called back projections. The devices will occur to the designer for giving the Tudor Walters Report advised the need “to avoid required emphasis and dignity to these points of excrescences and projections which often result entrance.” from indolent planning.” “Back projections should generally be avoided.” (Tudor Walters Centres and Subsidiary Centres Report. Part XII, para 66). Raymond Unwin took his model of what a centre should be from the French “place”, and the Backs as beautiful as or even more beautiful equivalent Italian piazza and German platz. than the fronts “The English word ‘square’”, he wrote, “besides “The planner...must not forget the spaces behind limiting the shape to a regular form, denotes the buildings...it seems to be forgotten that something often quite different.” To ensure that from all the houses around such a space the “they shall be genuine centres where people outlook of the inhabitants must be on to the will be likely to congregate, they must either be backs of their neighbours' houses opposite, but themselves the focal points of the main traffic just because these are not seen from the public lines, or must lie very near to these points.” street outside all attempts to make them even “Even in districts, suburbs, parishes, and wards passably decent ... has been neglected. The it is desirable that there should be some centre. removal of the excessive back projections will of There should be some place where the minor itself be a great improvement, but a little care public buildings of the district may be grouped in the arrangement of the houses and in their and where a definite central effect on a minor design may very often make the spaces at the scale may be produced.” He emphasised the backs as beautiful as or even more beautiful than wisdom “at a very early stage in our planning to the fronts.” (Raymond Unwin. Town Planning in select suitable sites for the main and subsidiary Practice, p.329) centres.” (Town Planning in Practice. P.187).

88. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

“The idea of the centre should not be confined recommendation. even to centres of districts, parishes, or wards. Cul-de-sacs Each area should have its special central feature Cul-de-sacs are a definitive feature of garden or point of interest round which its plan should suburbs. They evolved as part of the garden city be grouped, and up to which it should lead. At and garden suburb movement as an economic the point where several roads converge there way to develop backland areas. The use of cul- should always be something of an open space de-sacs considerably reduced road building costs. arranged, to give freedom for circulation of Cul-de-sacs also fulfilled many of the ideals of traffic, and architectural effect to the various the movement, giving a sense of community on road junctions.” (Town Planning in Practice. a small scale, while, with careful planning, a P.193). See also Enclosures and Vistas. sense of both openness and enclosure. The most typical layout, both in Sea Mills and other garden Clear Line of Vision Across Corners suburbs, is the “key-hole” cul-de-sac. See Key- A clear line of vision across corner plots is a Hole Cul-de-sac. defining feature of garden suburbs. Detached Suburb Contour Lines and Topographical Features In Garden Cities of Tomorrow (1902), Ebenezer Raymond Unwin believed that to holistically plan Howard had proposed that the size of a Garden a layout it was necessary to first commission City should be limited and that any further a detailed site survey with contour lines. The growth should be via satellite towns outside aesthetics of a site “can only be secured if the green belt of the city, each surrounded by the lay-out be based on a carefully prepared its own green belt. Yet each new town would contour plan of the existing views and features be close enough to the city to easily enjoy its of interest and beauty.” (Tudor Walters Report, full amenities. In Howard’s ideal “The distance para 56). In this way “by so planning the lines of from any town to the heart of Central City the roads and disposing the spaces and buildings is only three and a quarter miles”. Raymond as to develop the beauty of vista, arrangement Unwin extended this idea to garden suburbs. In and proportion, an attractiveness may be added Nothing Gained by Overcrowding he wrote of to the dwellings at little or no extra cost, which the desirability “to secure definite belts of open we consider should not only not be omitted, space around existing towns and encourage their but should be regarded as essential to true development by means of detached suburbs economy.” (Tudor Walters Report, para 56). grouped around some centre and separated from the existing town by at least sufficient open Cottages ground to provide for fresh air, recreation and Two-storey cottage-style houses, not flats, contact with growing nature.” Sea Mills is three are characteristic features of garden suburbs and a half miles from the centre of Bristol. designed under post-WW1 Housing Acts. The Tudor Walters Committee considered the pros Dorlonco Houses and cons of flats as opposed to houses (see Tudor First designed by the Liverpool School of Walters Report, para 85) and decided that “the Architects during WW1 for the industrial village two-storey cottage is the type which should of Dormanstown (Redcar and Cleveland), generally be adopted subject to the exceptional built to house workers at Dorman Long’s iron circumstances”. The ‘exceptional circumstances’ and steelworks. This form of construction being where “the population have formed the was approved by the Ministry of Health in habit of living in flats and are so attached to its list titled Particulars of Systems of House having their whole dwelling on one floor, that it Construction Approved up to April 1920, where would form too sudden a break with habits and it is referred to as “The ‘Dorlonco’ Steel frame traditions to attempt to build nothing but the System of House Construction”. According to two-storey cottage.” (Tudor Walters Report, para 85). The Housing Manual of 1919 followed this 1.89. this document, “The steel structure is formed of Planning in Practice, p.359). light rolled sections, which are all prepared and Enclosures and Vistas clearly marked before despatch to the site, so Closely related to Unwin’s idea of a centre (see that the assembling can be readily carried out by above), are his notions of enclosure and vistas. any intelligent workman, no special skill being He had noticed that, in old cities, “in how necessary.” The site connections were made by very few cases can any one entering a place by means of bolts, no riveting being required. The one of the streets get any extended view out Dorman Long Company was responsible for the of it along another street”, as a consequence manufacture and erection of the steel frame, of which the place had an enclosed feel to the completion of the houses being carried out it. Often the view down a street entering the by local contractors or Local Authority direct place would be towards a church or one of the labour. The original Dorlonco houses built in municipal buildings, so closing the view with a Dormanstown were all demolished in 1979. feature. Conversely he noticed that the view looking along a street leading away from a Economy of Design place, sometimes led towards a distant view The Tudor Walters Committee stressed the need such as a mountain or the sea. He applied these for a scheme that was feasible in economic ideas to his notion of a designed centre that terms. Throughout the Report it was emphasised encompassed these features of enclosure and that good quality housing and aesthetically vistas. “A place, then, in the sense in which we pleasing design could both be achieved wish to use the word, should be an enclosed economically. space. The sense of enclosure is essential to the idea; not the complete enclosure of a continuous Enclosed Open Spaces ring of buildings ... but a general sense of Enclosed open spaces are a planned feature enclosure resulting from a fairly continuous and a defining characteristic of pre- and post- frame of buildings, the breaks in which are small WW1 garden suburbs both in Britain and abroad. in relative extent and not too obvious.” Enclosed open spaces are spaces which are fully This combined sense of both enclosure and surrounded by a perimeter of houses, whose openness is a constant theme. On a large scale fronts face outwards away from the space, and there is the enclosure of a garden suburb by the whose gardens back onto the space. They are surrounding zones of parkland, playing fields, or usually only accessible by footpaths or from rear other open green space, which in turn provides gardens or via narrow roads. The term “enclosed its open aspect. On a smaller scale, there is open space” encapsulates Unwin’s themes of a place, which has both a sense of enclosure enclosure coupled with openness, and spaces and openness, and, on a smaller scale still, the where the distinction between public and private sense of enclosure with designed openness in the use is blurred. In Town Planning in Practice, treatment of key-hole cul-de-sacs. Raymond Unwin described how they can be used as a more aesthetically pleasing solution to the Extended Outlook alternative of fences meeting at some central “It is for the site planner who is engaged in point. “Where the gardens diminish in width laying out sites for smaller homes ... to secure almost to a vanishing point, the concentration for as many as possible of these houses some of fences at such a point is most unpleasing; extent of outlook by arranging breaks in the but if all these useless strips of ground as they street line, by setting the houses back round near this point, instead of being separated, greens, by planning his roads so that they may could be thrown together to produce a small command some distant view or may lead on to orchard, a lawn, a hazel copse, a playground for some open space.” (Town Planning in Practice, the children, or an allotment garden, a sense p.330). Similarly, houses which close the end of of orderly design would at once be given to the a cul-de-sac have an “extended outlook” back ground, and the fences or hedges between the down the street, as do houses which close a view remaining portions of the garden plots would back down the street they terminate. Deliberate lose much of the ugliness arising from their gaps between houses allow for an extended concentration near the central point.” (Town 90.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal outlook via the gap. produced of a larger scale. Even where it is External Ornament Minimised not possible to avoid much repetition of semi- “Considerable economy may be practiced detached or detached houses, they should be advantageously in the external design.... so arranged as to give some sense of grouping. Ornament is usually out of place and necessarily The setback of three or four pairs of houses costly both in first execution and in upkeep.” and the arrangement of a continuous green in (Tudor Walters Report, para 146). front of them, with the proper treatment of the houses at each end, which are set forward Family Houses again to the building line, will of itself produce The principle of providing family housing is some grouping; or the street may be widened fundamental to the character of a garden and a double avenue of trees planted on this suburb. length.” (Town Planning in Practice p. 350). Grouping helps to produce “interest and variety Focal Greens in the street pictures”, whilst at the same Focal greens are used in a number of different time maintaining a “general sense of unity”. ways. They are used to break up the building line The occupiers of the houses in a group obtain to improve the street picture; or by clustering the benefit of an improved outlook. “Greater houses around them to improve the outlook for enjoyment to each householder can be secured each house which may otherwise have simply by grouping the buildings so that they may faced another house across the street; or to share the outlook over a wider strip of green or emphasise centres and subsidiary centres. They garden.” Houses may be grouped by the simple are also used as terminal features, for example method of setting them back from the building at right-angled bends. Unwin recommended line, or around focal greens, or, where there are “breaks arranged in the road lines by means of subsidiary roads, around larger greens or open greens ... by which there is secured for a great spaces for bowling greens or tennis courts. number of houses a much more extended outlook than if it were limited by the distance to the Harmony of the Whole houses immediately across the street.” (Town The phrase that best sums up Raymond Planning in Practice, p.332). Unwin’s philosophy of design is his “harmony of the whole”. The garden cities and garden Gardens suburbs movement envisioned a way in which The characteristic that most defines a garden people could live together harmoniously in a suburb is that the houses have good-sized community; in a setting that was harmonious gardens. The size defined by Raymond Unwin as with nature; in a place designed holistically most suitable being one that is “large enough ... to harmonise both with its external setting To be worth cultivating seriously for the sake of and within its own plan and design; in houses the profits, and not too large to be worked by an harmoniously designed to be best sited within ordinary labourer and his family.” Unwin. Town the overall plan and their relationship to Planning in Practice. P.320. adjacent houses and natural surroundings in order to make the best possible use of fresh air Gateways and sunlight, whilst having the best possible See Boundaries and Approaches. outlook onto their surroundings. “The Garden City movement, as the name implies, stands Grouping of Houses for a more harmonious combination of city “In residential districts one of the greatest and country, dwelling house and garden” (first difficulties to be contended with is the sentence in Nothing Gained By Overcrowding). constant multiplication of buildings too small in scale to produce individually an effect in Holistic Design the road, and every opportunity should be A design, complete in itself, in which taken to group buildings so that units may be consideration is given to how every facet relates

1.91. both to every other facet and to the whole. Key-hole Cul-de-sac Place, Platz, Piazza A key-hole cul-de-sac has a short, straight, key- See Centres and Subsidiary Centres. hole shaped layout. At the enclosed end, the last house units on each side are set back from Plan of Houses the building line with a generous gap between "Simple rectangular plans including all these and both the end pair and the adjacent accommodation within the main walls should pair. These gaps allow openness and light into generally be adopted.” Outbuildings should be the cul-de-sac, and glimpses outwards between avoided. Back projections should generally be the houses, so alleviating any stifling sense of avoided. (Tudor Walters Report, part XII, paras enclosure. Whilst these cul-de-sacs appear to be 66 & 67.) In the writings of Raymond Unwin, enclosed spaces they are, in fact, deliberately the Tudor Walters Report, and the Housing planned to be very open. The houses which close Manual, the frontage of houses always exceeds the end of the cul-de-sac also have another the depth, except when the plan of the house is feature avowed by Unwin, which is an “extended square. outlook” back down the street. Rear Aspects of Houses of Equal Importance to Low Density Frontages The chief characteristic of the layout of garden Unwin believed with regard to the rear suburbs and cities is the low density. “This figure elevations of houses that “their design may of 12 houses to the acre has now been fairly very often make the spaces at the backs as well tested, having been adopted in the main at beautiful as or even more beautiful than the Bournville, ... at Earswick, at the Garden City at fronts.” (Town Planning in Practice. P.329). Letchworth, at Hampstead, and at many other Only considering the public face of a garden places.” (Town Planning in Practice. P.320). “... suburb represented by its street frontage is to the number of houses should not exceed 12 misunderstand the special character of a post- to the acre in urban and 8 to the acre in rural WW1 garden suburb where the rear aspect areas.” (Tudor Walters Report Part XII para 7). is of equal importance to the front. “The The Housing Manual of 1919 states the same. planner, having considered the placing of his buildings with a view to the street pictures Nothing Gained by Overcrowding and its and the frontage lines, must not forget the Influence on the Layout of Sea Mills Square spaces behind the buildings. Nothing more Raymond Unwin’s highly influential Nothing thoroughly expresses the shoddy character Gained by Overcrowding, 1912, provided the of our modern town development and the economic justification for low density garden meanness of the motives which have inspired it suburb layouts. The design of Sea Mills Square than the treatment of the spaces at the backs is believed to be based on the central feature of houses. It seems to be forgotten that from of an illustration in this pamphlet of an aerial all the houses around such a space the outlook perspective of an imaginary garden city/suburb of the inhabitants must be on to the backs by A. Hugh Mottram entitled The Garden City of their neighbours' houses opposite, but just Principle applied to Suburbs. Highly influential because these are not seen from the public in its own right, this illustration was reprinted in street outside all attempts to make them even various books and articles down to the present passably decent ... has been neglected. The day. A model of it was displayed at the British removal of the excessive back projections will Empire Exhibition at Wembley, London, in 1924. of itself be a great improvement, but a little care in the arrangement of the houses and in Outlook their design may very often make the spaces at See Extended Outlook. the backs as beautiful as or even more beautiful than the fronts.” (Town Planning in Practice. Passageways in Short Terraces p.329). See Terraces. Rear Extensions 92.1. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal See Back Projections. housing schemes suitable sites should, therefore, Recreation Ground / Recreational Space be reserved for larger houses, shops and business Throughout the history of garden cities and premises, schools, places of worship, clubs, garden suburbs, the provision of recreational institutions, and for open spaces, playgrounds, facilities was emphasised. A recreation ground &c.” (Tudor Walters Report para 53). is a defining characteristic of a garden suburb. Other recreational space, frequently either a Semi-detached Houses bowling green or tennis courts or both, was also “The idea of ‘garden’ development calls for usually included. low density of houses, for two-storey houses with front and back gardens, for trees and Regularity or Rhythm in the Spacing of Houses grass verges; these requirements encourage “Where detached or semi-detached buildings the building of semi-detached houses.” (Jevons stand by themselves some regularity or rhythm in & Madge. Housing Estates: A Study of Bristol their spacing is an important matter to secure.” Corporation Policy and Practice Between the “But the uneven spacing of the distance between Wars. P.19). Raymond Unwin felt that streets the pairs in an irregular manner is anything but consisting entirely of semi-detached houses pleasing”. (Town Planning in Practice p.351). lacked sufficient variety in the street scene. However, he acknowledged that “there is strong Road Junctions prejudice on the part of the public in favour Raymond Unwin’s detailed explanations for of detached or semi-detached houses” (Town the treatment of corners and road junctions in Planning in Practice. P.349). Town Planning in Practice are too extensive to go into here. His essential principle was that, Street Pictures with proper arrangement, corners and junctions "Where the purpose of the buildings will allow allow a dual purpose, firstly, of extended views of such treatment, it is possible, by judicious from the houses at junctions, and, secondly, variation of the building line, to build up a street that corners and junctions should be features picture in a straight street, in which a long of interest in their own right. “The junction vanishing perspective is very largely replaced by of the road is developed and emphasised as a portions of the sides of buildings seen in front feature of interest, and is taken advantage of elevation, and in this way quite picturesque to give extended outlook from the windows.” street effects may be arrived at.” (Town Within his general principles there is flexibility Planning in Practice. P.254). Not all straight allowing for much individual variation. He streets require this treatment, however, “where believed that “some liberty should be allowed the street picture is closed by some terminal in the treatment of corner sites”. However, the feature of special beauty and interest, a more principle of a clear line of vision across corners simple and monotonous treatment may be is a common feature to all corners in garden permitted, and will even serve to enhance the suburbs. See also T-junctions, Triple Junctions, effect by contrast with the more ornate centre.” Terminal Features, Clear Line of Vision across Similarly, curving streets require less of this Corners, and Centres and Subsidiary Centres. treatment as the curves of a road bring a visual sense of enclosure to the street. Self-contained Community The idea of a self-contained community was a Terminal Feature fundamental ideal of the garden city and garden A building or object that terminates or closes suburb movement. “It is not enough merely to a view down a street. This may be something cover the ground with streets and houses. The ordinary like a pair of semi-detached houses, site should be considered as the future location or a “terminal feature of special beauty and of a community ... Their social, educational, interest”, such as a church. recreational and other requirements should, therefore, be considered ... In the planning of Terraces

1.93. Whilst acknowledging the necessity of semi- the whole”. detached houses, Unwin felt that some groupings “Considerable economy may be practised of 4, 6, or 8 houses in the form of terraces would advantageously in the external design.... make for more variety. In order for these to Ornament is usually out of place and necessarily have the same advantages of a semi-detached costly both in first execution and in upkeep. The house, he proposed that these longer groups best effects can be obtained by good proportion should have a passageway between each pair in in the mass and in the openings, by careful order to gain access to the rear garden and to grouping of the various parts of each cottage, by negate the need for a back access road. “Back grouping the cottages themselves, and by well- roads should not be provided, but access from considered variations in the designs to suit their the front should be arranged to the back garden different positions and the different materials of each house; such access is best secured in used.” (Tudor Walters Report, para 146). intermediate houses of groups of four or six by The Housing Manual took a similar line. “By so means of a passage on the ground floor between planning the lines of the roads and disposing each pair of houses.” (Tudor Walters Report. Part the spaces and the buildings as to develop the XII para 12). See also Wing Features of Terraces. beauty of the vista, arrangement and proportion, attractiveness may be added to the dwellings T-junctions as Small Squares at little or no extra cost. Good exterior design At T-junctions, “the junction may be emphasised in harmony with the surroundings and adapted by breaking the building lines opposite, and so to the site should be secured ... By the choice producing something in the nature of a small of suitable local materials, and the adoption of square.” (Town Planning in Practice p.334). This simple lines and good proportion and grouping is produced by setting back the houses opposite of buildings, with well-considered variation in the junction and leaving a space on each design and in the treatment of prominent parts, opposite corner with a clear line of vision across good appearance may be secured within the it. limits required by due economy.”

Triple Junctions Vista Where three roads meet “the houses forming the See Enclosures and Vistas. terminal features to the roads are set forward, and their angles form a frame to the terminal Wing Features of Terraces feature opposite, down whichever of the roads To give a coherence to the whole of a terrace, the view is taken.” (Town Planning in Practice Unwin suggested pronounced wing features at p.335). the ends of the side blocks. He also suggested that “in groups of 4 or 6 cottages ... the two Uniformity at the end may well be somewhat larger, and A fundamental characteristic of Sea Mills Garden will thus materially help the design by giving Suburb. the opportunity for breaks in the frontage line and perhaps a different treatment of the roof.” Variety (Town Planning in Practice. p.373). The Tudor Walters Report stressed the need for economy. Minimising those external features of houses that were merely ornamental would reduce costs, but there was a danger that this would result in an external appearance that was too plain and too uniformly repetitive. To counter this, the Tudor Walters Report recommended “well-considered variations in the designs to suit their different positions”, as well as variations in materials. However, “the variety of each must be dominated by the harmony of 94.1. Map 7 Above: Plan of the northern part of Sea Mills c. 1928 Map 8 Below: southern plan of Sea Mills c. 1932 ©BRO 95. CLIFTON & HOTWELLS Character Appraisal

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