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The Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies CENTRE FOR ADVANCED STRATEGIC STUDIES Th e Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies (CASS), Pune was registered on 21st September, 1992 under the Society’s Registration Act, 1860, and as a Charitable Public Trust on 28th October, 1992, under the Bombay Charitable Public Trust Act of 1950. Th e Department of Scientifi c and Industrial Research, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India has accorded recognition to the Centre as a Scientifi c and Industrial Research Institution. Th e Centre has also been granted exemption U/S 80G of the Income Tax Act, 1961, which gives fi fty percent exemption to the donors. Th e Centre aims at undertaking research and analysis of subjects relating to national and international security and development through seminars, discussions, publications at periodical intervals and close interaction with the faculty members and research students in allied disciplines in the Universities and Educational Institutions as well as the Armed Forces. In the coming future, the Centre expects to award research fellowships for studies in various areas of National Security and National Development. It aims to generate and promote interest among the academicians and public in related subjects, with a view to increase awareness to national security concerns. It has received very valuable support from the University of Pune in all its activities, especially from the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies. It has a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Yashwantrao Chavan Avademy of Development Administration (YASHADA), Pune for enabling mutual collaboration in the academic activities. Th e Centre has held a number of seminars, panel and group discussions in the past. Th e Centre has also embarked on publishing a Quarterly Journal with eff ect from January 2014. ADDRESS: Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies M.M.D.W. Potdar Complex, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune – 411 007 Telefax No.: 020-25697516 Email: [email protected] Website: www.cfass.org.in EDITORIAL BOARD Air Marshal BN Gokhale, PVSM, AVSM, VM, (Retd) Editor-in-Chief. Lt Gen Amitava Mukherjee, PVSM, AVSM, (Retd) Former Director General, Air Defence, Army Headquarters. Prof Amitav Mallik, Former, Member, National Security Advisory Board and Founder Director, LASTEC, Delhi. Shri Jayant Y Umranikar (Retd) DGP (Spl Ops) Maharashtra and Former Commissioner of Police,Pune Vice Admiral DSP Varma, PVSM, AVSM, VSM, (Retd) Advisor, DRDO, Pune. Lt Gen KT Parnaik, PVSM, UYSM, USM, (Retd) Former G.O.C.-in-C, Northern Command. Shri Nitin Gokhale, Security and Strategic Aff airs Editor NDTV, New Delhi © Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies, Pune. Edited by Published in collaboration with Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies Menaka Prakashan M.M.D.W. Potdar Complex, (Publication division of MediaNext) Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, 2117, Sadashiv Peth, Pune – 411 007 Vijayanagar Colony, Telefax No.: 020-25697516 Pune – 411 030, Maharashtra E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.cfass.org.in Webstore: www.menakabooks.com For subscriptions: 9823 69 69 60 Submission and permission-related queries can be sent to the Editor, Centre for Printed at: Advanced Strategic Studies at casspune@ Vikram Printers, Parvati, yahoo.com Pune – 411009 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the copyright holder. Disclaimer: Articles are contributed by CASS for no commercial consideration. Th e views expressed in this journal are those of the authors and do not refl ect the views of the Centre, those of any of the Ministries or any other organization, unless specifi cally stated as such. Annual Subscription Please turn to last page for subscription form. Single issue price ` 2000 ` 400 (Includes postage) To subscribe online, please visit www.menakabooks.com Founder Members • Late Shri PVR Rao, Former Defence Secretary, Government of India. • Late Shri RD Sathe, Former Foreign Secretary, Government of India. • Late Prof VG Bhide, Former Vice Chancellor, Savitribai Phule Pune University • Late Air Marshal YV Malse, (Retd) Former Vice Chief of the Air Staff . • Late Shri Sharad Marathe, Former Industries Secretary, Government of India. • Admiral JG Nadkarni, PVSM, AVSM, NM, VSM, (Retd) Former Chief of the Naval Staff . • Professor Gautam Sen, Former Head, Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, University of Pune. Honorary Life Members • Shri Abhay Firodia, Chairman, Force Motors Ltd. • Shri Atul C Kirloskar, Chairman and Managing Director, Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd. • Shri RD Pradhan, IAS (Retd), Former Home Secretary and Governor, Arunachal Pradesh. Governing Council Members • Shri MK Mangalmurti, IFS (Retd), Former High Commissioner, South Africa. Current hairman, Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies, Pune. • Air Chief Marshal PV Naik, PVSM, AVSM, (Retd) Former Chief of the Air Staff , IAF. • Professor Gautam Sen, Former Director General and Member Board of Trustees, Indian Institute of Education. • Lt Gen Amitava Mukherjee, PVSM, AVSM, (Retd) Former Director General, Air Defence, Army Headquarters. • Lt Gen V G Patankar, PVSM, UYSM, VSM (Retd) Former General-Offi cer Commanding, 14 corps. • Lt Gen KT Parnaik, PVSM, UYSM, USM, (Retd) Former G.O.C.-in-C, Northern Command. • Air Marshal BN Gokhale, PVSM, AVSM, VM, (Retd) Former Vice Chief of the Air Staff , Air Headquarters, Presently Consultant, Principle Scientifi c Advisor, Government of India and DRDO and the current Director, Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies, Pune. • Maj Gen Shishir Mahajan SM, VSM, (Retd) ‘Former General Offi cer Commanding 23 Inf Div and currently Deputy Director CASS’. CASS Journal Vol. 4, No. 3, July-September 2017 Contents Editor’s Note VII 1. Strengthening India’s Nuclear Deterrent 11 Lt Gen Dr V K Saxena (Retd) 2. Siachen – Th e Historical Perspective and Th e Challenges Ahead 29 Lt Gen Sanjay Kulkarni (Retd) 3. Massive Ordnance Air Blast, MOAB :– A Perspective 47 Rear Adm Dr S Kulshrestha (Retd) 4. Contextualising India’s Position as a Leading Power 60 Brig Rumel Dahiya (Retd) 5. Haksar and the Making of Indira 73 Shri Jairam Ramesh, MP, Rajya Sabha 6. India’s Nuclear Capability Policies and Diplomacy 95 Dr Vijay Khare, Shri Gaurav Kokil, Shri Victor Leray 7. Dynamics of Security in Central Asia and 103 its Implications for the Regional Integration Maj Gen BK Sharma (Retd)1 8. Tournaments in the Shadows: OBOR/CPEC and India’s Strategy 119 Air Commodore SN Bal (Retd) 9. Book Review of “50 Years of the Outer Space Treaty: Tracing the Journey” 143 Shri Anand V 10. Contextualizing Research Methodology for Indian Th ink Tanks 149 Prof Gautam Sen VII Centre for Advanced Strategic Studies Air Marshal BN Gokhale (Retd) Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus PVSM, AVSM, VM Ganeshkhind Road Director, CASS Pune 411 007, INDIA EDITOR’S NOTE Th e last quarter witnessed two major events which are likely to have signifi cant eff ect on India’s security. Th e fi rst was the Summit on the One Belt One Road (OBOR) Forum held in Beijing from 14 – 16 May 2017 at China’s initiative which made global headlines. Signifi cant powers attended this scintillating event. Junior diplomats and some academics represented India. China sneered that an isolated India “having missed the bus” would have no “future voice” on the initiative: but hinted that it could board it in the future. India can do so at a time and place of its choosing: when the destination and seat off ered further its strategic interests. Th e ’Summit’ and the current stand off at India China border at Doka La in Sikkim is an indicator of the major trust defi cit between the two countries. Th e second major event was the Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the U.S. and his establishment of a personal equation with U.S. President Donald Trump. Th e joint statement by Mr Trump and Mr Modi went beyond the earlier American position while pulling up Pakistan. Stressing that terrorism was a “global scourge that must be fought and terrorist safe havens rooted out in every part of the world,” the two leaders gave out a call to root out “terrorist safe havens” in “every part of the world”. Both leaders said that they were “committed to strengthening cooperation against terrorist threats from groups including Al-Qaeda, ISIS, Jaish-e-Mohammad, Lashkar-e-Tayyiba, D-Company, and their affi liates. United States designated Hizb-ul-Mujahideen leader Syed Salahuddin as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist as evidence of it’s commitment to end terror in all its forms. VIII CASS Journal Th is issue of our journal opens with the Article’ Strengthening India’s Nuclear Deterrent’ by Lt Gen Saxena which looks at India’s nuclear deterrent as it exists today and recommends ways to strengthen the same by identifying current gaps and suggesting remedies to address them. Th e Article covers the genesis of Pakistan’s Tactical Nuclear Weapons (TNWs) and examines their impact on India’s response/deterrence. Measures to restore the credibility of our deterrence in a responsible and credible manner, through a wide spectrum of counter measures have been analysed in this paper. Th e author concludes that India should develop low yield weapons to address the gaps in its nuclear arsenal and to further strengthen our nuclear deterrent in the face of the ongoing nuclear brinkmanship by Pakistan. To some Siachen confrontation is the world’s most insane, cruel, strategically absurd high altitude warfare fought between 5000 m and 6000m over a dispute which reads’ point NJ 9842 thence north to the glaciers’, statement of the 1949 Karachi Agreement. Had it not come to the notice of Col N Kumar through the maps his German mountaineering friend carried in which he saw the American Maps depicting point NJ 9842 joining Karakoram Pass , we would have inadvertently given up our possession of that wedge between POK and China.
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