HTTPS://JOURNALS.KU.EDU/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANSREPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 28(1):104–105189 • APR 2021

IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

NewFEATURE Locality ARTICLES for Barbour’s Pygmy Snake . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: (TrimetoponOn the Road to Understanding the Ecology andbarbouri Conservation of the Midwest’s) Giantin Serpent Costa ...... Joshua RicaM. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of Treeboas (Corallus grenadensis) and Humans on Grenada: A Hypothetical Excursion ...... Robert W. Henderson 198 Raby Nuñez Escalante1, Jared Moreno Chinchilla2, Isaac Pérez Acuña3, and Jeffrey González Espinoza4 RESEARCH ARTICLES 1Sierpe de Osa, Puntarenas, Costa Rica ([email protected] [corresponding author]) . The Texas Horned Lizard in2Palmar Central Norte,and Western Puntarenas, Texas ...... Costa Rica ([email protected])Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris3Palmar) in Florida Norte, Puntarenas, Costa Rica ([email protected]) ...... Brian4Palmar J. Camposano, Sur, Puntarenas, Kenneth L.Costa Krysko, Rica Kevin ([email protected]) M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212

CONSERVATION ALERT . World’s Mammals in Crisis ...... 220 . More Than Mammals ...... 223 he six currently. The “Dow recognized Jones Index” of Biodiversityspecies ...... in the genus 170151) from the Darién Province...... in 225 eastern Panama. Ray TTrimetopon, which are among the shortest dipsadid et al. (2013) reported an individual from far eastern Coclé snakes, have a collectiveHUSBANDRY distribution limited to lower Central America (Köhler .2008;Captive CareGutiérrez of the Central Rodríguez Netted Dragon ...... and Sunyer Shannon Plummer 226 2016). To date,PROFILE one species (T. pliolepis) is known from Nicaragua, Costa .Rica,Kraig Adler: and A LifetimePanama; Promoting three Herpetology (T. gracile ...... , T. Michael L. Treglia 234 simile, T. viquezi) from Costa Rica; and two (T. barbouri, COMMENTARY T. slevini) from Costa. The Turtles Rica Have and Been Panama. Watching Me Among ...... the least Eric Gangloff 238 studied species of snakes, data on the natural history of these reptiles are scarceBOOK or lacking REVIEW for most species (Solórzano 2004; Herse and Ray 2014).. Threatened Amphibians of the World edited by S.N. Stuart, M. Hoffmann, J.S. Chanson, N.A. Cox, R. Berridge, P. Ramani, and B.E. Young ...... Robert Powell 243 Barbour’s Pygmy Snakes (Trimetopon barbouri) (Fig. 1) are small cryptozoic CONSERVATION snakes most RESEARCH frequently REPORTS: encountered Summaries of Published Conservation Research Reports ...... 245 in leaf litter at elevations NATURAL from HISTORY near RESEARCH sea level REPORTS to over: 1,100 Summaries of Published Reports on Natural History ...... 247  NEWBRIEFS ...... 248 m asl (Derry et al.EDITORIAL 2015). UntilINFORMATION recently, ...... this species was ...... 251 known only from FOCUSnear the ON Panama CONSERVATION Canal :(Myers A Project and You CanRand Support ...... 252 Fig. 2. Riparian forest habitat where an adult Barbour’s Pygmy Snake 1969; Rand and Myers 1990; Köhler 2008) and one speci- (Trimetopon barbouri) was found in Palmar Norte, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. men in the Florida Museum of Natural History (FMNH Photograph by Jared Moreno Chinchilla.

Front Cover. Shannon Plummer. Back Cover. Michael Kern Totat et velleseque audant mo Totat et velleseque audant mo estibus inveliquo velique rerchil estibus inveliquo velique rerchil erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus erspienimus, quos accullabo. Ilibus aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum aut dolor apicto invere pe dolum fugiatis maionsequat eumque fugiatis maionsequat eumque moditia erere nonsedis ma sectiatur moditia erere nonsedis ma sectia- ma derrovitae voluptam, as quos tur ma derrovitae voluptam, as accullabo.

Fig. 1. An adult Barbour’s Pygmy Snake (Trimetopon barbouri) from Palmar Norte, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. Photograph by Raby Nuñez Escalante.

Copyright is held by the authors. Articles in R&A are made available under a 104 Reptiles & Amphibians ISSN 2332-4961 Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license. NUÑEZ ET AL. REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS • 28(1):104–105 • APR 2021

Fig. 3. Details of an adult Barbour’s Pygmy Snake (Trimetopon barbouri) from Palmar Norte, Puntarenas, Costa Rica: (A) Prefrontal scales not fused into a large plate and two light spots on the head; (B) distinctive white markings on the face and a striped body: (C) distinctive yellow venter. Photographs by Raby Nuñez Escalante.

The first Costa Rican record of T. barbouri at Bahía Drake on the Peninsula de Osa extended the range of the spe- cies 138 km west from the closest reported locality at Serenity Vista, Chiriquí Province, Panama (Gómez et al. 2020). This record extends the known range of the species by over 40 km straight-line distance from Bahía Drake (Fig. 6).

Acknowledgements We thank Alejandro Solórzano for confirming the identity of the species and Gerardo Chaves, Curator of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Costa Rica for providing the voucher number.

Literature Cited Derry, J., P. Ruback, and J.M. Ray. 2015. Range extension and notes on the natu- ral history of Trimetopon barbouri Duun, 1930 (Serpentes: Colubridae). Mesoamerican Herpetology 2: 136–139. Gómez, G., T.L. Stice, A. Solórzano, and M. Sasa. 2020. Geographic distribution. Trimetopon barbouri (Barbour’s Pygmy Snake). Herpetological Review 51: 83. Fig. 4. Map of Costa Rica showing the only previously known Costa Rican locality for Barbour’s Pygmy Snake (Trimetopon barbouri) marked with a Gutiérrez Rodríguez, A.A. and J. Sunyer. 2016. First record of Trimetopon pliolepis black dot and the new locality reported herein indicated by a red square. Cope, 1894 (Reptilia: Squamata: Dipsadidae) from Nicaragua. Mesoamerican Herpetology 3: 517–518. Herse, M.R. and J.M. Ray. 2014. A review and correction of data on a poorly known leaf litter snake, Trimetopon slevini (Dunn, 1940), from Panama, Province, extending the range to central Coclé Province including additional data on defensive behaviours. Herpetology Notes 7: 359– near Parque Nacional G.D. Omar Torrijos H. The species 361. Jaramillo, C., L.D. Wilson, R. Ibáñez, and F. Jaramillo. 2010. The herpetofauna of was considered a Panamian endemic (Jaramillo et al. 2010), Panama: Distribution and conservation status, pp. 604–671. In: L.D. Wilson, until it was discovered on the Peninsula de Osa of Costa Rica J.H. Townsend, and J.D. Johnson (eds.), Conservation of Mesoamerican (Gómez et al. 2020). We herein report a further range exten- Amphibians and Reptiles. Eagle Mountain Publishing, LC, Eagle Mountain, Utah, USA. sion for the species. Köhler, G. 2008. Reptiles of Central America. 2nd ed. Herpeton Verlag, Offenbach, At 2100 h on 15 December 2020, we encountered an Germany. individual moving on a trail along a large stream in a ripar- Myers, C.W. and A.S. Rand. 1969. Checklist of amphibians and reptiles of Barro ian forest located in Palmar Norte, Puntarenas, Costa Rica Colorado Island, Panama, with comments on faunal change and sampling. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 10: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.5479/ (8°58'05.1"N, 83°26'36.7"W; elev. 92 m asl) (Fig. 2). We si.00810282.10. identified the snake as a Barbour’s Pygmy Snake by the pres- Rand, A.S. and C.W. Myers. 1990. The herpetofauna of Barro Colorado Island, ence of two light marks on the edges of the frontal just pos- Panama: An ecological summary, pp. 386–409. In: A.H. Gentry (ed.), Four Neotropical Rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. terior to eye level (Fig. 3), two nuchal spots (Fig. 3), a striped Ray, J.M., K. DeCero, P. Ruback, J.D. Wedow, and J.L. Knight. 2013. Geographic body, prefrontals not fused into a single plate (Fig. 4), and distribution notes on Trimetopon barbouri Dunn 1930 from western Panama. a yellow venter (Fig. 5). The specimen was deposited in the Check List 9: 1573–1575. DOI: 10.15560/9.6.1573. Solórzano, A. 2004. Serpientes de Costa Rica: Distribución, Taxonomía e Historia Museum of Zoology at the University of Costa Rica (MZUCR Natural/Snakes of Costa Rica: Distribution, Taxonomy, and Natural History. 23587). Its identity was confirmed by A. Solórzano. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica.

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