E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 114 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 161 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 2015 No. 46 Senate The Senate met at 9:30 a.m. and was to help victims of modern slavery ap- the Legal Services Corporation Act, called to order by the President pro parently because leftwing lobbyists the Department of Defense Authoriza- tempore (Mr. HATCH). told them to. Yes, their historic mis- tion Act, the Foreign Assistance Act, f take is callous and extreme, but more and others—language that is quite than that it is tragic. common and has been voted for numer- PRAYER I mentioned the story of Melissa yes- ous times by our friends on the other The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- terday. Melissa was sold into sexual side of the aisle. fered the following prayer: slavery before she had even become a That is why the distinguished Demo- Let us pray. teenager. She still bears the scars of cratic leader, my friend, had been such Merciful God, enthroned above all her years of torment, the beatings, the a strong supporter of the bipartisan powers, thank You for bestowing on us shackling, the emotional cruelty. When Hyde provision for so many years and the dignity of being called Your chil- Melissa finally escaped, she wasn’t em- why he said during his tenure as major- dren. You are mighty in power and we braced as a victim, she was branded as ity leader: ‘‘My belief in the sanctity of are grateful for the masterpiece of an- a criminal. life is why I have repeatedly voted other day. Lord, forgive us when we Melissa’s story is heartbreaking, but against using taxpayer money for abor- forget that You are still in charge of it is anything but unique. Stories such tions.’’ That was my friend, the Demo- what happens in our Nation and world. as hers remind us how important the cratic leader. That is the declared view This world belongs to You, and though Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of my friend. It is what he said just a the wrong seems very strong, Your sov- is. It is stories such as hers that re- few short years ago before he and his ereignty still prevails. Your power is mind us that no excuse about not read- party voted to filibuster a bill that far beyond any conceivable authority. ing a bill and no command from left- would help the victims of modern slav- Guide our Senators with Your sov- wing lobbyists could justify filibus- ery. ereignty. Use them, Lord, to solve the tering the critical help this human So this afternoon we invite Demo- critical problems in our time, contrib- rights bill would provide. crats to ignore the lobbyists and do the uting to the peace and stability of this So we have not given up on the thou- right thing. We invite every Democrat land we love. Bless those who support sands of victims in this country who to help us write a happy ending to this them in their work as You surround us suffer as Melissa did—shaken and story, where the forces of hope and hu- all with the shield of Your divine favor. shackled but still hanging on to hope. manity, not powerful lobbyists, pre- We pray in Your sacred Name. Amen. Democrats owe these victims, not lob- vail. f byists, help—help the Senate is so close f to passing. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE A strong majority of the Senate, in- THE SENATE BUDGET The President pro tempore led the cluding several Democrats, have al- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, on Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: ready voted in favor of this human another matter, several weeks ago the I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the rights bill. Now all it takes is a few White House released an unserious United States of America, and to the Repub- more Democrats of courage to ignore budget that would have raised taxes by lic for which it stands, one nation under God, the lobbyists and do what is right. All nearly $2 trillion and increase the na- indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. that will mean is the Democrats on the tional debt by more than $7 trillion. In f Judiciary Committee supporting the other words, it was more of the same very same bill they voted for just a few old tired, failed policies of the past. RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY weeks earlier. Hardly anyone took that budget seri- LEADER Apparently, all of these Senators ously mostly because it was not meant The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. were for this human rights bill before to be taken seriously. PAUL). The majority leader is recog- they were against it, and it is not like Contrast that with the balanced nized. the bipartisan provision now suddenly budget the Senate will introduce this f in question is anything new. As the morning. It is a budget that controls Congressional Research Service notes, spending, reduces the deficit, and im- HUMAN TRAFFICKING bipartisan provisions such as this one proves programs such as Medicaid. It is LEGISLATION ‘‘have been enacted in a variety of con- a budget that will support economic Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, it is texts since 1970,’’ appearing in author- growth and more opportunity for hard- hard to believe what we saw yesterday. izing legislation as diverse as the State working families while protecting our Democrats actually filibustered a bill Children’s Health Insurance Program, most vulnerable citizens. It is a budget

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S1591

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.000 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1592 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 that will allow us to repeal and replace There is bipartisan agreement—at the Executive Calendar and consider a program that hurts the middle class, least in principle—to do exactly that, the nomination of a very fine person, ObamaCare. It will allow us to repeal but the details will obviously be impor- Loretta Lynch. and replace a program that hurts the tant. We want to ensure we get those Democrats are fully committed to middle class, ObamaCare. details of that legislation right so we voting for Lynch’s nomination and re- I thank the chairman of the Budget can get the best agreements possible turning immediately to the trafficking Committee, Senator ENZI, for his good for the American people. We certainly bill. The Senate can do two things at work on this sensible budget. don’t want to be considering legisla- the same time. We can certainly work We have heard some talk of shrink- tion that would make these goals hard- on coming up with a path forward on ing deficits these days. Of course, Re- er to achieve—undermining future eco- trafficking and also do something to publicans are proud to take credit for nomic and job growth. move forward and have a vote for a new helping force some fiscal responsibility The good news is our country has Attorney General. on the Obama administration, but we decades of experience with the kind of The chief law enforcement officer of know these deficits will soon shoot up bipartisan trade promotion legislation this country—the man who is now the dramatically if Washington does not that allows for the best deals for Amer- Attorney General—said months ago he start making more commonsense ican workers to be negotiated by Amer- wants to leave. He has been winding choices. ica’s trade representatives and then ap- down. It is not right for this country The reality is our country still has proved by Congress. Several members not to have a fully engaged Attorney many tough fiscal challenges to con- of my conference will speak about that General. front. These are not challenges that issue on the floor today. Like many of I am disappointed that with all the can just be taxed away. These are not our Democratic friends, these Senators work the Senate needs to accomplish, challenges that can be denied away ei- are interested in getting the best deals the majority leader is bound and deter- ther. But by working together these possible for the American people—the mined to waste the rest of this week are challenges we can overcome, and kind of deals that would only be pos- with the same votes we took yesterday. the way we can overcome them is with sible with truly effective and bipar- I was told we are going to have the sensible ideas to get spending under tisan trade legislation. So they will ex- same votes today that we had yester- control and make government more ef- plain this important issue, and that is day, and we will have the same votes ficient, more effective, and more ac- just what is needed. They will explain on Thursday that we are going to have countable, just as the Senate’s budget it in further detail. today and that we had on Tuesday. proposes to do. Before I leave the floor, I wish to rec- Albert Einstein, a genius, said the f ognize the good work of the chairman pure definition of insanity is somebody who does the same thing over and over TRADE PROMOTION LEGISLATION of the Finance Committee for being an incredible advocate on this issue, and again and comes up with the same re- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I allow me to also recognize the ranking sult. It is insane to keep going forward have one final matter. For all the member of the Finance Committee for on these votes that everyone knows are issues that may divide Democrats and working hard to try to get this right. going to turn out the same way. Republicans these days, there is one We all look forward to working with Loretta Lynch has waited 130 days. thing many of us can agree on—trade is these Members, and all Members, on There is no reason to delay her con- good for America. There is bipartisan this very important issue. firmation another minute. We can vote agreement that trade is good for Amer- for her confirmation now and move ican wages with export-related manu- f back to the trafficking bill right now. facturing jobs paying nearly 20 percent RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY f more than other kinds of jobs, and LEADER there is bipartisan agreement that THE HOUSE BUDGET The PRESIDING OFFICER. The trade is good for American jobs overall. Mr. REID. Mr. President, Gandhi Democratic leader is recognized. According to one study, trade sup- said, ‘‘Action expresses priorities.’’ Ac- ports nearly 40 million jobs nation- f tion expresses priorities. Congressional ally—about one out of every five jobs THANKING SENATOR PAUL Republicans’ actions on the budget and more than one-half million jobs in clearly demonstrate how little regard my State of Kentucky alone. In fact, Mr. REID. Mr. President, just as an they have for the American middle Kentucky’s exports in goods and serv- aside, most everybody knows at this class. I want to get into a few exam- ices have already increased dramati- point that on New Year’s Day I fell and ples. Their budget proposal—the one cally since the enactment of trade hurt myself and injured my right eye. the House is going to send to us soon— agreements with countries such as During this period of time, the Pre- ends Medicare as we know it, replacing Australia, from about $10 billion a year siding Officer—who by the way is a it with another voucher program. It to almost $30 billion a year. Trade is medical doctor, an ophthalmologist— takes health care away from 16.4 mil- good for Kentucky and trade is good has been so kind and thoughtful and lion Americans now insured through for America, and that is why this is an considerate in visiting with me, giving the Affordable Care Act. It guts Med- issue where the White House and Con- me encouragement and some expert ad- icaid and undercuts millions of fami- gress are working together to support vice as to what he has seen in the past lies who rely on it to fund nursing American jobs and wages. and given me hope for better sight out homes and other care. It cuts billions While the United States has histori- of my right eye. I appreciate it very in education funding—billions—and it cally been a world leader in opening much. cuts job training and employment serv- more markets to the products our I want the people of Kentucky to ices for 4 million American workers. country makes and grows, we have fall- know how thoughtful and considerate The list goes on and on. en woefully behind in recent years. and kind the Presiding Officer has been But we know one thing their budget Thankfully, emerging agreements to me over these past few months. does not do. It doesn’t cut a single tax with countries in Europe and the Pa- f loophole for the superwealthy to re- cific present us with a real chance to duce the deficit. Not one. Instead, this catch up. These agreements present us LYNCH NOMINATION budget is brimming with more tax with the unique opportunity to export Mr. REID. Mr. President, instead of breaks for the megarich—many new more of what we make over there so we being bogged down in another Repub- tax breaks. In fact, the Republican can create more American jobs right lican-contrived fight, I have proposed a budget would drastically cut the tax here at home. But we cannot make this path forward that is very simple and bill for the average millionaire while important progress for America’s mid- very direct. While we work toward an raising taxes on the middle class. That dle class without passing the right agreement to pass trafficking legisla- is not just irresponsible, it is immoral. kind of trade legislation in Congress tion—and there is work being done on Of course, lowering taxes for million- first. that as we speak—we should move to aires and billionaires will add to the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.002 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1593 deficit, not cut it. Republicans claim in a period of morning business for 1 reason. She has been an extraordinary they are reducing the deficit, but that hour, with Senators permitted to speak prosecutor in New York. She has the is not true. In truth, they are using therein for up to 10 minutes each, and support of so many outstanding organi- mirrors and a lot of smoke in an effort with the time equally divided, with the zations. The National District Attor- to fool the American people. Democrats controlling the first half, neys Association supports Loretta House Republicans are really hiding and the majority controlling the sec- Lynch, as do the Federal Law Enforce- the ball—moving the ball—claiming ond half. ment Officers Association, the Inter- massive savings without explaining The assistant Democratic leader. national Association of Chiefs of Po- how. They are, for lack of a better de- f lice, the Major Cities Chiefs Associa- scription, cooking the books, using tion, the Association of Prosecuting LYNCH NOMINATION speculative and what they call ‘‘dy- Attorneys. The FBI Agents Association namic scoring.’’ What is dynamic scor- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, this is supports Loretta Lynch, and a long list ing? This is an effort to claim they are the Executive Calendar of the U.S. Sen- of Republican- and Democratic-ap- balancing the budget. Dynamic scoring ate. This Executive Calendar tells us pointed former U.S. Attorneys, includ- says, here is all this tax revenue and the nominations that are pending be- ing Patrick Fitzgerald from my State other money we are going to get and it fore the U.S. Senate where action is of Illinois, and former FBI Director will help significantly. The fact is ev- needed. There is one name to be found Louis Freeh, appointed by a Repub- eryone knows there isn’t any truth to on this calendar on page 4—a name lican President, and Deputy Attorney that. It is only some numbers on paper. which has been sitting on this calendar General Larry Thompson from the They are relying on transparent tricks longer than any nominee for Attorney George W. Bush administration. The to hide their refusal to protect our General of the United States of Amer- list goes on and on. military from sequestration and budget ica over the last 30 years. This name The fact is there is no substantive cuts. Yet Republicans say of their own has been sitting on this calendar for 20 reason to stop this nomination. The budget plan, we do not rely on gim- days, which doesn’t seem like an ex- Republican majority leader announced micks or creative accounting to bal- traordinarily long period of time. How- over the weekend that he was going to ance our budget. ever, it turns out that the previous hold this nomination of Loretta Lynch The definition of ‘‘gimmick’’ is a nominees for Attorney General were until the bill which is pending before concealed, devious aspect or feature of moved so quickly on this Senate cal- something, as a plan or a deal—a con- the Senate passes, whenever that may endar that the last five combined, by be. cealed, devious aspect or feature. Democratic and Republican Presidents, So Loretta Lynch, the first African- Well, we have a perfect example of a took less time to be confirmed than American woman nominated to be At- gimmick in the Republican budget that this one name. What is that name? It is torney General, is asked to sit in the the House is working on and we are Loretta E. Lynch of New York to be back of the bus when it comes to the told they will complete. It sounds like Attorney General—a name that was Senate calendar. That is unfair. It is a gimmick to me. At least one Repub- submitted to the U.S. Senate by Presi- unjust. It is beneath the decorum and lican from the House agrees with me. dent Barack Obama to make history— dignity of the U.S. Senate. Congressman KEN BUCK of Colorado a name, a nominee to make history. said yesterday, ‘‘It’s all hooey.’’ The This is the first African-American This woman deserves fairness. She budget is all hooey. But as Dana woman in the history of the United seeks to lead the Department of Jus- Milbank said in today’s Washington States to be nominated to serve as At- tice, and the U.S. Senate should be just Post, speaking of the House Repub- torney General. It is a civil rights in its treatment of her nomination. To licans’ plan: ‘‘True, the budget does not milestone that her name has been sub- think that we would jeopardize her op- rely on gimmicks. The budget is a gim- mitted. portunity to serve this Nation and to mick.’’ That is a direct quote. I sat through the Senate Judiciary make history is fundamentally unfair. We don’t need gimmicks. We need a Committee hearing, and it was a What is the issue? The issue is this responsible budget and this is not a re- packed room. All the TV cameras were important bill. It is a bill which relates sponsible budget. This is not respon- there. Loretta Lynch came and sat at to human trafficking. As chairman of sible governance. the table, with her father behind her, the constitution subcommittee, I have Unfortunately, though, this is the with her family around her, with close held hearings on this subject and it is budget we have come to expect from friends gathered from all over the heartbreaking to hear how primarily today’s Republican Party—a party that United States, and this woman calmly, young women have been enslaved and is so committed to supporting the in a dignified way, gave the most com- exploited not just around the world but superwealthy that they are throwing pelling testimony I have heard of any in the United States. I support this leg- America’s middle class and the mili- witness before the Senate Judiciary islation. I think we should move it for- tary overboard. Committee, including those who came ward. What is holding this up is very Democrats are focused on the middle before us seeking to be appointed to simple: one sentence. Out of a 112-page class. We want to create jobs, invest in the U.S. Supreme Court. She was excel- bill, there is 1 sentence on pages 50 and the future, and make sure that all lent. No one laid a glove on her. No one 51 that relates to the issue of abortion. Americans benefit from an improving raised any concern about her nomina- I needn’t tell anyone following this economy. tion. And then, when the public wit- debate how controversial and divisive We are more than happy to work nesses were invited to come in from that issue can be and has been for so with our Republican colleagues in both the Republican and Democratic many decades in the United States. order to make our goals a reality. Un- sides to comment on her nomination, The fact is that issue has nothing to do fortunately, helping the middle class Senator PATRICK LEAHY of Vermont with human trafficking. It should be just doesn’t seem to be a priority for asked all of them gathered: Is there debated at another moment, another congressional Republicans. time, on another bill. But, sadly, this 1 Mr. President, would the Chair an- any one of you who opposes the nomi- sentence in this 100-page bill is holding nounce the business of the day. nation of Loretta Lynch to be Attor- ney General? Not one. Not one. it up from being considered on the f Yet, here we are now, with this nomi- floor. RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME nation pending longer than any Attor- If the senior Senator from Texas, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ney General nomination in the last 30 who is the lead sponsor on this bill, the previous order, the leadership time years. Why? Why has the Senate Re- would come to the floor and simply re- is reserved. publican leadership decided to target move this one sentence, this bill would f this good woman and to stop her from pass. It would pass this afternoon, serving as the first female African- overwhelmingly. There is no question MORNING BUSINESS American Attorney General of the about it. He knows it. We have told The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under United States of America? There is no him that. We have offered that to him, the previous order, the Senate will be good reason. There is no substantive but he refuses.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.003 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 So this good bill language is on the global expansion of U.S. agricultural ments and that the final agreement calendar, the Senate is mired in con- trade. Currently, the administration is will be either accepted or rejected, not troversy, and Loretta Lynch sits on the in the process of negotiating two new amended beyond recognition. calendar for another day. trade agreements that would open vast Trade promotion authority expired in It has been 130 days since President new markets for American products 2007. Republicans have been pushing for Obama announced the nomination of and put American goods on a level renewing it ever since. The President is this woman to serve as our Attorney playing field internationally. The first also on board. He called for trade pro- General. That is more than three times of these agreements, the Trans-Pacific motion authority in this year’s State the period of time it took for us to con- Partnership, is being negotiated with a of the Union Address. firm Attorney General Ashcroft. It is number of Asia-Pacific nations, includ- This is an excellent chance, I would more than 21⁄2 times as long as it took ing Australia, Japan, New Zealand, add, for Democrats and Republicans to to confirm Attorney General Mukasey Singapore, and Vietnam. Currently, accomplish something significant for and twice as long as it took to confirm American goods face heavy tariffs in the American people and to show that Attorney General Holder. many of these countries—at times as Washington is working again. It is time for us to give Loretta high as 85 percent. Tariffs of that size Unfortunately, while the President Lynch an opportunity to continue to put American goods at incredible dis- and Republicans are united on this serve America and to make civil rights advantage compared to their foreign issue, many Senate Democrats con- history by allowing this African-Amer- competitors. Tariffs provide a powerful tinue to oppose trade promotion au- ican woman to step forward and serve. disincentive for citizens in other na- thority legislation. The chairman of It is time to stop holding her hostage tions to purchase American products. the Senate Finance Committee is cur- to a political debate on the floor of the Removing this disincentive would in- rently engaged in negotiations on a U.S. Senate that has nothing to do crease foreign demand for U.S. prod- TPA bill with the committee’s ranking with her obvious qualifications to serve ucts, which would mean more business member, the senior Senator from Or- this Nation. for U.S. farmers, ranchers, and manu- egon. I am hopeful and I know a lot of Mr. President, I yield the floor. facturers and more jobs and opportuni- us on the committee and many of us in I suggest the absence of a quorum. this Chamber are hopeful that these ef- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ties for American workers. Just to give an example of how im- forts will yield legislation both Repub- clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to portant trade is to American agri- licans and Democrats can support. Republicans are very open to sugges- call the roll. culture, we currently export half of Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask U.S. wheat, milled rice production, and tions and improvements. In fact, I ex- unanimous consent that the order for soybean production; 70 percent of al- pect the final agreement will include the quorum call be rescinded. mond, walnut, and pistachio produc- many elements advocated by the senior The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. COT- tion; more than 75 percent of cotton Senator from Oregon and other Senate TON). Without objection, it is so or- production; 40 percent of grapes; 20 per- Democrats, such as greater trans- dered. cent of cherries; 20 percent of apples; 20 parency surrounding trade negotia- tions. However, the one thing Repub- f percent of poultry and pork produc- tion; and 10 percent of beef production. licans cannot support is an attempt to TRADE PROMOTION AUTHORITY If you think about it, there are ap- undermine the core of trade promotion Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, if there is proximately now 260 preferential trade authority—that guaranteed up-or-down one thing Americans have made clear, agreements worldwide. Only 20 of those vote that gives other countries the it is that they want their leaders to do involve the United States. Every time confidence to put forward their best of- something about the economy. The re- we have entered into a new trade fers in trade negotiations. Simply put, cession may have officially ended al- agreement where we have been able to we cannot afford to weaken TPA. most 6 years ago, but millions of Amer- eliminate tariffs and duties on a lot of I know the senior Senator from Utah, icans are still struggling economically our products, we see an explosion in ex- who is the chairman of the Senate Fi- and opportunities are still few and far ports into those particular markets. nance Committee—who is on the floor between. That is why negotiating the strongest right now; and we will hear from him One big thing we can do to help the possible transpacific trade agreement, in just a few minutes—is working very economy and expand opportunities for as well as the agreement the United hard to ensure that we have a strong American workers is pass trade pro- States is negotiating with the Euro- TPA agreement that we can bring to motion authority or what we refer to pean Union, has to be a priority. For the floor of the Senate, that we can as TPA. Our prior trade agreements that, we have to have trade promotion pass through the Congress, and that we have been a boon to the economy, pro- authority. can put on the President’s desk so that viding American workers with jobs and Trade promotion authority has been we can enable these trade negotiations American farmers, ranchers, and man- the means by which nearly every U.S. to continue in a way that will lead to ufacturers with new markets for their free-trade agreement has been nego- a conclusion, to a result that is good goods. In my home State of South Da- tiated. The idea behind TPA is very for American manufacturers and serv- kota, 74 percent of exports go to coun- simple: Congress sets the negotiating ice industries and American farmers tries with which the United States has priorities the administration must fol- and ranchers. a free-trade agreement. Between 2005 low and then requires the administra- If we fail to pass TPA, which will and 2014, South Dakota saw a 110-per- tion to consult with Congress during likely spell the failure of the Trans-Pa- cent increase in exports to free-trade the negotiating process. In return, Con- cific Partnership and the United agreement countries. That has been a gress promises a simple up-or-down States-European Union trade agree- huge benefit to South Dakota farmers, vote on the final agreement, instead of ment, we will not be maintaining the ranchers, and manufacturers. a lengthy amendment process that status quo. Just because we are not ne- Speaking of farmers and trade, today could leave the final agreement look- gotiating agreements does not mean is National Agriculture Day. I would ing nothing like the deal the adminis- other countries will not be. Other just like to add as an aside that the tration negotiated. countries will secure favorable treat- substantial agriculture trade surplus The promise of that up-or-down vote ment of their goods, and American the United States currently enjoys is a on a final agreement is the key. That is goods will fall further and further be- tribute to the efficiency and the pro- what gives our trading partners the hind. That is not something we can af- ductivity of America’s farmers and confidence they need to put their best ford in this economy. ranchers. I salute American farmers, offers on the table, which allows for a If we pass TPA, on the other hand, ranchers, and agribusinesses that pro- successful conclusion of negotiations. that will allow the transpacific trade vide America and the world with a safe Trade promotion authority dem- agreement and the United States-Euro- and abundant food supply. onstrates that Congress and the admin- pean Union trade agreement to move Passing trade promotion authority is istration are on the same page when it forward, which means American pro- one way we can ensure an even greater comes to the content of trade agree- ducers will benefit from new markets

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.004 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1595 for their goods and American workers committee are trying to do. But he As former Deputy USTR Miriam will benefit from new jobs and opportu- makes a difference, and I truly appre- Sapiro said in a recent speech: nities. Since 2009, exports have ac- ciated his remarks today. Neither our Asian nor our European part- counted for more than 1 million new I am pleased to join my colleagues on ners want to get into the real give-and-take jobs here in the United States. If we the floor to talk about the importance that’s necessary to reach a final agreement pass the Trans-Pacific Partnership and of Trade Promotion Authority, or TPA, until they are sure that the president has the to the health of our Nation’s economy. authority that he needs to conclude the deal. the United States-European Union Absent that, they are content to wait. trade agreements, we could be looking At the beginning of this Congress, I, In other words, if we want good trade at more than 1 million more new jobs along with many of my colleagues, agreements, we must have strong TPA over the next few years. stated publicly that trade was one of It is time to pass TPA, to get these the few areas where the new Repub- procedures in place, and we need to be agreements concluded, and to let lican Congress would be able to find clear on one other point: The specifics of those procedures matter. They mat- American workers and businesses start common ground with President Obama. ter a great deal. This is bipartisanship experiencing the benefits. It has been I still believe that is the case. at its best. far too long. Mr. President, 2007 is I chatted with him just last week— one of the few conversations I have had Our goal should not be to pass just when the last TPA expired. We are los- any TPA bill. Our goal should be to ing ground by the day when we are not with him since he has been President— and I was very appreciative. He would pass the strongest bill possible. That is in the room and a part of negotiating the only way to ensure we get the best new trade agreements that are bene- like to get this done, and he is right. The Obama administration is cur- possible deal out of our trade negotia- ficial to American businesses, farmers, tions, which is, in the end, the purpose and ranchers. rently negotiating some of the most ambitious trade agreements in our Na- of TPA. We have used the same basic I wish to point out one more time TPA structure for every major trade that there are approximately now 260 tion’s history. The first is the Trans- Pacific Partnership, or TPP, an Asia- agreement over the last four decades preferential trade agreements world- and, quite frankly, the results speak wide, only 20 of which involve the Pacific trade agreement being nego- tiated between the United States and for themselves. United States. So if we want to partici- As my colleagues have so eloquently pate in a growing global economy 11 other countries. On the other side of the world, the United States is negoti- stated today, we do not need new, un- where 95 percent of the world’s popu- tested changes to establish TPA proce- lation lives, we have to become aggres- ating a bilateral trade agreement with 28 countries of the European Union; dures that can hamper the process and sive in creating the trading opportuni- make it harder for both our nego- ties that will enable our businesses to that is called T-TIP. Together, these two trade agree- tiators to reach a good deal and for prosper, to create good-paying jobs ments have the potential to greatly ex- Congress to be able to vote on agree- here in the United States, to raise in- pand access to U.S. trade with other ment up or down. comes for middle-income families in countries, allowing our job creators to When Republicans took control of this country, and to give us as a coun- sell more American-made goods and the Senate this year and I became the try an opportunity to lead the world services. They are in demand. We just chairman of the Senate Finance Com- when it comes to an economy that ben- have to get in the game. This helps us mittee, I made renewing TPA my top efits all people—not just those here in create and support more high-paying trade priority for this Congress. I set the United States but all around the export-related jobs at home. Of these out to work with my colleagues on world. We have the wherewithal, the two agreements, the TPP negotiations, both sides of the aisle to craft the best know-how, the technology, the cre- or the Trans-Pacific Partnership nego- possible bill. We already had a good ativity, and the innovation in our tiations, are further advanced. Accord- framework in place—the bill I intro- economy to make that possible, to ing to administration officials, the duced last year with former Chairman make it happen. That is why these agreement could be concluded over the Baucus and Chairman Camp, which had trade agreements are so essential. next few months. That is good news. broad support in Congress, in the ad- These trade agreements, as I pointed Now, I wish talk about the bad news. ministration, and in the business com- out, do not happen unless we have Without renewal of effective TPA pro- munity. trade promotion authority in place to cedures, the administration will simply My goal has been to see if we could make sure they happen. If we do not not be able to conclude a strong TPP improve upon that product in order to have it in place and these trade agree- agreement. broaden support for TPA. I am cer- ments do not get done, it is not that Why is TPA, or trade promotion au- tainly willing to do that, but I have America—that we are just going to be thority, so important? made it clear throughout this process standing still, we are going to be losing TPA is a compact between the Sen- that I cannot agree to any bill that ground as countries around the world ate, the House, and the administration. would dilute the effectiveness of TPA that are aggressively trying to nego- Under this compact, the administra- as a tool to negotiate and enact strong tiate trade agreements and improve tion agrees to pursue specified objec- trade agreements. the economies of their countries con- tives and consult with Congress as it Recently, I had the opportunity to tinue to do that, leaving us further and negotiates trade agreements. Both the talk personally with President Obama further behind. House and the Senate agree to allow about TPA, as I mentioned. I think he So I hope we can get this passed for expedited consideration of trade understands the importance of getting through the Senate Finance Com- agreements without amendments. This a strong TPA bill through Congress. mittee, passed through the Senate, the is essential for the conclusion and pas- That is why I am willing to work with House of Representatives, and on the sage of strong trade agreements. him to make the advancement of our President’s desk where it can be signed Put simply, without TPA, our trad- Nation’s trade agenda a higher pri- into law. The sooner that happens, the ing partners will not put their best of- ority. I am hoping the President will better it will be for our economy, for fers on the table because they will have do his part to help persuade the Mem- jobs, for American businesses, and for no guarantees the agreement they sign bers of his party to support an effective American farmers and ranchers. will be the same one Congress will vote TPA bill. He says he will, and I believe I yield the floor. on in the end. The distinguished Sen- him. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from South Dakota made that Make no mistake. Our competitors ator from Utah. very clear. They don’t want to agree are not sitting on their laurels when it Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I am with our Trade Representative and comes to trade. There are literally pleased to join my colleagues, and I ap- then have countless amendments in the hundreds of trade agreements under ne- preciated the wonderful remarks of the House and the Senate that could gotiation throughout the world, and senior Senator from South Dakota, Mr. change the whole agreement they had the United States is party to only a THUNE. He is working very hard on that agreed to. That is why trade promotion few. committee and really making a dif- authority became such an important This hurts our exporters badly. This ference, as I think most people on the part of our international relations. bill is really necessary. We need to do

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.005 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1596 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 better. We need to do everything we ance, where if we could close this loop- The earned income tax credit is a can to ensure that the United States is hole, we could save the taxpayer $5.7 benefit for working people who have not only a participant in international billion in savings. low to moderate income. It is an incen- trade but a leader. The only way we We have also talked about duplica- tive and a reward for those who choose can do that is by passing a strong TPA tion in Federal economic development to work, and it does help to reduce the bill. programs. There are 50-some programs number of those who are dependent on I stand ready and willing to work that provide for workforce training government welfare programs. It al- with the White House and my col- spread among a number of agencies. lows some individuals to receive pay- leagues in the Senate to get an effec- Surely we can reduce that number sig- ments from the U.S. Treasury just by tive TPA bill introduced out of com- nificantly. And if we could do so, we filing a tax return. It reduces the mittee and onto the Senate floor as could save the taxpayer $200 million. amount of tax an individual owes and soon as possible. And last week—somewhat tongue in it may also provide a tax refund. We cannot afford to miss this oppor- cheek, nevertheless not small change— Why is this issue qualified as waste tunity. This is a grand opportunity for I talked about a $387,000 grant issued of the week? Since the President is try- us. It is bipartisan down the line, and I by the National Institutes of Health in ing to legalize an additional 4 million think it would be a great accomplish- which 18 New Zealand white rabbits individuals, if his action is upheld by ment for the Congress of the United were given, four times a day, 30-minute the court, 4 million people will now States to get this done. But, more im- massages to determine whether they have retroactive access to this benefit portantly, it would be a great accom- would be relieved of some soreness and taxpayers foot the bill for these 4 plishment for the President and this after they were given some physical ex- million illegal immigrants who will be administration to have this done. It ercise. Then four massages a day, 30 in a position to earn this tax credit. would give him the tools to do a lot of minutes apiece, costing $387,000, to The Joint Committee on Taxation the things that need to be done. prove that a massage helped to make says this so-called amnesty bonus for I suggest the absence of a quorum. them feel better or removed some of those who have come into our country The PRESIDING OFFICER. The those aches and pains. illegally will drain about $2.1 billion clerk will call the roll. I think we could have asked any ath- from the United States Treasury. The senior assistant legislative clerk lete from any college. As we are mov- I am for legal immigration. The proceeded to call the roll. ing into college basketball’s March United States has a rich history as a Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I ask Madness and Final Four that we all en- destination where people from all over unanimous consent that the order for gage in at this time of year, we could the world can come to make a better the quorum call be rescinded. ask any college athlete, or any person life for themselves. We are a nation of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without for that matter who is doing work in immigrants. As a matter of fact, I am objection, it is so ordered. the yard: Do you think 4 30-minute the son of an immigrant. My mother massages a day would help you feel a came here with her family, and it has f little better and help you with some of been the narrative of our family. Legal CONCLUSION OF MORNING those aches and pains? Do we need to immigration is what has made America BUSINESS spend $387,000 of taxpayer dollars in the great prosperous country it is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Morning order to prove this and give rabbits today. But we also are a nation of laws, business is closed. massages? and Congress should help ensure that So up we go with the chart. Waste of legal immigrants to our country can f the week. This is week No. 4, and I benefit from the opportunities they JUSTICE FOR VICTIMS OF would like to talk about a so-called need to succeed, but that doesn’t in- TRAFFICKING ACT OF 2015 bonus that has been given by our Fed- clude rewarding those who are gaming eral Government that is quite egre- our immigration system to receive The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under gious. benefits they do not legally qualify for. the previous order, the Senate will re- I am sure many look forward to a po- To address this matter, I have joined sume consideration of S. 178, which the tential bonus at the end of the year— with Senator GRASSLEY and several clerk will report. though it doesn’t apply in our business other of my colleagues to introduce The senior assistant legislative clerk here. A bonus sounds like something legislation that would correct this read as follows: that comes along with something that issue. If we can correct this issue, we A bill (S. 178) to provide justice for the vic- was earned, but what if it was a bonus will save the taxpayers an estimated tims of trafficking. you didn’t earn? Is it still a bonus or $2.1 billion in future spending. Pending: does it become fraud? So up we go with the thermometer Portman amendment No. 270, to amend the Internal Revenue Service Commis- here, and we will be adding another $2.1 Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act sioner John Koskinen recently con- billion to the money that can be saved to enable State child protective services sys- firmed to the Senate that unless action our taxpayers by eliminating duplica- tems to improve the identification and as- is taken, an amnesty bonus would be tion, by pursuing awards that are not sessment of child victims of sex trafficking. available to millions who have broken legally given, by looking at the way Portman amendment No. 271, to amend the definition of ‘‘homeless person’’ under the our immigration laws. All of this stems the Federal Government wastes money McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act to from the President’s announcement in by giving rabbits back rubs, and we are include certain homeless children and youth. November of 2014 to grant 3 years of going to continue to fill this up until Vitter amendment No. 284 (to amendment tentative legal status to as many as 4 we hopefully reach the $100 billion No. 271), to amend section 301 of the Immi- million individuals who crossed Amer- goal. That is not small change. gration and Nationality Act to clarify those ica’s borders into this country ille- I continue to hear from Hoosiers and classes of individuals born in the United gally. Fortunately, President Obama’s others who write and say: Yes, we States who are nationals and citizens of the Executive amnesty has been tempo- haven’t been able to address the big United States at birth. rarily blocked by a Federal court. issues of debt and deficit, but we can go The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Hopefully, that blockage will survive after government waste. And those who ator from Indiana. all legal challenges to undo it. But if say we can’t afford to cut spending a WASTEFUL SPENDING this amnesty plan moves forward, 4 nickel because we have cut so much so Mr. COATS. Mr. President, I did not million illegal individuals will be far clearly have not paid attention to come down to speak on this particular granted Social Security numbers. the billions of dollars that can be saved bill. I am back for week No. 4 of waste Why does this matter? Well, when the taxpayers simply by addressing the of the week. you are granted a Social Security num- waste and illegal use of the taxpayer In recent weeks, I have highlighted ber, it triggers certain benefits, includ- money. what I describe as excess spending of ing eligibility for the earned income I look forward to sharing some more taxpayer dollars. We have talked about tax credit for up to 3 prior years in fu- of these in coming weeks, and I thank double dipping in unemployment insur- ture tax filing years. the sponsor of the bill here for giving

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.007 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1597 me the time to come down and add an- to be an amendment to the bill on the speech, but I think sometimes people other waste of the week to the list floor when we get these issues resolved. know behind those numbers, every sin- climbing toward our goal of $100 billion I am hopeful that at some point gle one of those numbers, is a child. in savings for the taxpayer, who is here—and I hope it is today—we are Two weeks ago, out of the U.S. Attor- overtaxed already. going to turn the corner on some of the ney’s office in Minnesota, our case was With that, I yield the floor. language we have been hearing on the charged, and it happened a few months Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I wish to floor. I think it is becoming a sad situ- ago. It was a 12-year-old in Rochester, speak on the pending business, the Jus- ation, especially sad for the victims of MN, which is an idyllic community, a tice for Victims of Human Trafficking trafficking, and I think we have a mo- beautiful place. This little 12-year-old Bill. ment in time today and tomorrow got a text. She was with a girl who was The Senate is now on the second where we can actually work on this a little older than herself. The text in- week of the trafficking bill and my col- and try to resolve it. I believe this vited them to a party. She thought leagues in the minority refuse to allow great august body, which has dealt that was pretty cool. She goes to the this body to amend or pass this bipar- with many large issues in the past—100 McDonald’s parking lot. She is at the tisan bill. When this legislation was re- people who I think have come to this McDonald’s parking lot, and this pimp ported out of committee, not a single place with good will—should be able to puts her in the car. She thinks she is Democrat on the committee raised any resolve it in some way, get through going to a party. She gets carted up to concern with the inclusion of the pro- this, and get this bill done. the Twin Cities. She gets raped. He tections offered by the Hyde amend- As we continue to work on the issues takes sexually explicit pictures of her. ment. This was hardly surprising, after with the bill at hand, Senator CORNYN’s He puts them on Craigslist. She gets all, Democrats have previously voted bill, I also want to talk about the bill sold the next day to two other guys, in favor of legislation that includes I have and why both these bills are im- raped by two other guys. similar long standing statutory protec- portant and actually work together. Finally they were able to track down tions—such as the Affordable Care Act. On trafficking. First, we know the this perpetrator. He has been charged That is why it’s so shocking that numbers. More than 27 million people with a very serious crime by the U.S. Democrats—out of nowhere—have had around the world are victims of some Attorney’s office. This happened in a change of heart on the Hyde amend- kind of trafficking each year. It is not Minnesota. We can ask Senator ment, and are now obstructing efforts always sex trafficking. Sometimes it is HEITKAMP, who has been involved in to help victims of human trafficking. labor trafficking and other things. this issue. It happens in the oil patches I urge my colleagues who are filibus- When it comes to sex trafficking, the in North Dakota. It happens on the tering this legislation to consider the average age of a victim when she is streets of Washington, DC. It happens gravity of their actions. While Demo- trafficked is 13 years old. She is not all over this country. crats play politics as usual, thousands even old enough to go to a high school We may say, why is everyone talking of victims—many of whom are chil- prom, not even old enough to get a about this now in this day and age? I dren—are assaulted and abused every driver’s license. look at this, as a former prosecutor, as day, hoping someone will hear their When you look at the statistics back when people viewed domestic vio- cries for help. We cannot and must not around the world, it is the third big- lence as a crime that was behind doors, allow political gamesmanship to stand gest international criminal enterprise that no one wanted to talk about it, in the way of helping thousands of vic- in the world. The first is the illegal and no one realized it was a crime. tims of human trafficking. Now is the trafficking of drugs. I don’t think that They thought of it as a family issue. time we must work together to protect is a surprise. The second is the illegal When we start seeing kids who are in our Nation’s most vulnerable from a trafficking of guns, and the third is the situations of domestic violence are horrific trade that robs our children of illegal trafficking of children, mostly multiple times more likely to commit their childhood and rejects the sanc- little girls. But what people don’t al- crimes themselves because they grow tity of life. ways realize when they think about up seeing it, we realize it is not just an Let us honor our commitment to pro- trafficking—I think they often think issue between two people. As horrible tect children from abuse, neglect and about kids who are found in the bottom as the injuries are to the immediate rape. Let us put aside politics and do of a boat. That does happen, horrible victim, it is also an issue for their en- the right thing by moving forward on stories like that. But when it comes to tire family and for the entire commu- this bill. the United States of America, 83 per- nity. We learned that about domestic Mr. COATS. I suggest the absence of cent of the victims—83 percent of the violence. We learned that about child a quorum. victims—are from our own country. abuse. Now we are starting to see this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The They are from our own country. They about trafficking. clerk will call the roll. are girls such as Tamara Vandermoon We can’t have a 12-year-old who is a The senior assistant legislative clerk of Minnesota. She was 12 when she was criminal, right? The 12-year-old is a proceeded to call the roll. first sold for sex. She was not even a victim of this. The 12-year-old doesn’t Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I teenager. She was just mad at her know what they are doing. They are ask unanimous consent that the order mom, and she ran away. A pimp found only 12 years old, but they are a vic- for the quorum call be rescinded. her and made her all kinds of prom- tim, they are not a criminal. That is The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SUL- ises—promises that sounded pretty the focus of the Safe Harbor Act. LIVAN). Without objection, it is so or- good when you are a scared kid away I want to thank my colleague, Re- dered. from home. It happened when she was publican ERIK PAULSEN in the House, Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I the most vulnerable. He took advan- who has taken this bill on. We have am here today for two reasons. One is tage of her before she even had a worked together on it. A version of it to manage the bill at hand for the next chance to grow up and be an adult. She has passed the House. We like ours a few hours, and the other is to talk a has worked to change her life around little bit better because it has the na- little bit about Loretta Lynch, and through services and help in our State. tional sex trafficking strategy in it, how I hope we can resolve both these Our State has been the leader in this and that is the bill we are going to be issues. area. That is one of the things why I putting on as an amendment. ERIK has I believe when it comes to the human introduced the safe harbor bill, which I been a true leader on this issue, and we trafficking bill on the floor, as well as hope will be the first amendment to just talked yesterday about it. This my bill, the safe harbor bill—which is this bill after we resolve these issues. bill actually now has—a version of it, not the one on the floor, but it is also My bill also is sponsored with Senator my safe harbor bill—has passed the a strong bipartisan bill that passed out CORNYN. He and I have worked together House twice. It doesn’t have the issues of the Judiciary Committee with every on this bill. with the Hyde amendment. Hopefully single person voting for it, 20 to 0. I Another example—because people al- it will be the first bill, the first amend- want to talk a little bit about the bill ways use numbers. I used a bunch of ment, when we resolve these other so people don’t forget it. It is expected numbers at the beginning of this issues.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.008 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1598 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 What does the bill do? What it does is also creates a national strategy, as I ever, this is not just an international looks at what has been working in mentioned, to combat human traf- problem, but over 83 percent of the vic- States across the country. According ficking. tims are from our country. But they to a report by Polaris—a group that is I always found when I was a pros- have been coordinating with us on a among many groups as a leader on sex ecutor that people didn’t care who took number of successful prosecutions by trafficking—it shows that 15 States on the case, whether it was a local giving us information so when the across the country have taken these prosecutor or the State AG or the U.S. cases come to the United States, we safe harbor laws. The laws basically Attorney’s office. They just wanted view this. They have their own internal say we are not going to treat these people to get the job done. They didn’t problems with this and other things as kids as criminals. We are going to actually understand the jurisdictional well, obviously, in Mexico. We went make sure they are treated as victims, divisions. By making this national sex there not to say you are doing some- that they get the services they need. trafficking strategy the idea—and I thing wrong. We went there to say we And mostly then from a law enforce- have seen this with the Violence have our own problems, and so do you. ment perspective—from someone who Against Women Act—it may not be Let’s figure out how we can work to- was a prosecutor for 8 years, ran an of- that we are mandating people do a cer- gether on this issue. fice of 400 people and saw these cases tain thing, but we put out there some Again, Cindy McCain is an example coming in and out of our doors all the best practices that local offices can of someone who on the private side has time—what it means is these victims cover. We look at what is working in been very involved with her foundation will then better testify against the peo- certain States. Then we put those out in working on this issue and helping ple whom we want to get. Those are there because we have a national sex with shelters and other things. The pri- the perps. Those are the people running trafficking strategy, and we give peo- vate sector piece of this, they can be the rings. Those are the johns who are ple ideas of what they can do best. called trafficking facilitators, unknow- buying the sex. By having this ap- Those are parts of the bill. It is pret- ingly, because they are allowing this to proach, we have a much better chance ty straightforward. Again, it is not the happen. But in a way, they are a major of going after the people who are doing bill on the floor right now which, of part of the solution. I do not want us to this. course, has an important purpose, to forget that as we go forward and as The Ramsey County attorney’s office help fund some of the shelters and pay they work with us to address the needs out of St. Paul, MN, with their leader for it by an increase on the fees on per- of the victims, and mostly to be able to John Choi, was able to get a 40-year petrators, but it is a part of the solu- catch these cases and bring them to sentence last year of someone who was tion. law enforcement. running one of these rings. We have Another part of the solution we That is kind of a tour through what had numerous prosecutions in Min- haven’t talked too much about over the safe harbor bill does. Again, Sen- nesota. the last few days, because there have ator CORNYN and I have talked about it This idea of having a shelter, a place been a lot of other things going on, I being the first amendment to the bill. for the victims to go—because other- think we have to also remember the I am very aware that we need to work wise what is going to happen if they role of the private sector. We certainly out the issues on the underlying bill, don’t think they are going to get help have seen this in our State, where and I am hopeful after days of acri- or maybe get some job training, have a Marilyn Carlson Nelson, who is a won- mony that at some point we are going place to stay, they are going to go derful business leader, headed up Carl- to be able to work together. I am hop- right back to the pimp, and then they son Companies for many years. Carlson ing there will be a different flavor to are not going to be willing to testify Companies owns the Radisson Hotels. people’s discussions about this issue and tell their story. That is what has She has made training of her workforce today. happened through history, and that has a major part of this because it is the LYNCH NOMINATION enabled the rings to get worse and people on the frontline—and you can The Loretta Lynch nomination now worse. see Delta and all the others, American, has been tied into this. I have a little The other thing we know that has en- United, a lot of the airlines are making bit of a different approach because I do abled them to get worse is the Inter- this a priority as well. They are train- not think we should be slowing it down net. We love the Internet, but it has al- ing their workers because they are on anymore. I understand that we have to lowed people to market things on all the frontline, and they are going to see work out the issues on the sex traf- kinds of Web sites and in all kinds of this happen. They are going to see the ficking, and there is plenty of blame devious ways. They are able to sell victims. They are going to figure out that can go around. But I think the young girls and young boys on these something is going on that is wrong, so major focus should be on working it Web sites. They get a text and they they can at least report it to their ho- out instead of playing this blame game. show up and think they are going to a tel’s security or whatever authorities Loretta Lynch, on the other hand—I party. That is what is happening. It is they think they need to; they can stop do not understand why our friends on behind closed doors and it is hidden. it right there on the ground floor and the other side of the aisle have been de- That is one of the reasons we are see- report it to the authorities. laying this for so long. I understand ing this increase and these problems We shouldn’t forget that. Because un- this is a major job, but this is a woman coming up, in addition to the realiza- less these private sector entities who who has had 900 written questions and tion we are not going to tolerate this see it happening come forward—this an 8-hour job interview, to my mind, anymore. isn’t in any of our bills. This is some- where members of the Judiciary Com- We have 15 States across the country thing they are doing on their own. Un- mittee could ask her whatever they that already have the safe harbor laws. less they do that, we can have all the wanted, in several rounds of questions, Another 12 States are making good laws we want on the books, but it is if they wanted. She also met with progress in this direction. It is not really hard to catch these things from members of that committee. I am sure starting from scratch. As I said, my happening. I am proud of the work they that anyone who wanted to met with home State is one of the first ones, but have done. her—I know she has met with at least we are seeing them. What our bill does My good friend Cindy McCain, HEIDI 59 Senators to date. That is a pretty is create incentives for States to adopt HEITKAMP, and I went to Mexico last major job interview. Twenty-five U.S. these kinds of laws. It is not involving spring with the major focus on sex traf- Attorneys from Republican and Demo- a lot of money. It is taking existing ficking. We met with the attorney gen- cratic administrations have approved programs and trying to create incen- eral of Mexico and met with the head and suggested that she is more than fit tives so that States will adopt these of their law enforcement in Mexico for this job. laws. City about this very topic. Because How do I come down on this? I come The other piece of the bill is that it Mexico, along with many other coun- down on this as a perspective of know- allows victims of these crimes to qual- tries, has girls who do come in and are ing that Attorney General Holder ify for certain Federal job programs brought in for purposes of sex traf- wants to leave. I think he has done that they may not qualify for now. It ficking. I do want to emphasize, how- some really good things. I know some

VerDate Sep 11 2014 23:32 Mar 18, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.010 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1599 of my colleagues have not been a big putes on it in the courts. All right. But So the Gang of 8 got that done, and fan of his. This is an opportunity for when we look through time, we realize from there we went to the committee them to put someone new in. We will every President since Dwight Eisen- with a bill, and we spent days voting start with that. hower has done some kind of Executive on amendments. We voted on amend- The second thing is this is someone order of varying degrees. George H.W. ments that stretched over every part of who is highly qualified. Coming from a Bush did a major Executive order in- the bill, whether it was the fence at the State where we have indicted 20 people volving many immigrants. When we border or what would happen with un- for criminal activity related to al- look at those through history, we real- documented workers or the work Sen- Shabaab with their terrorist activities ize those Presidents to some degree or ator HATCH and I did on making sure in Somalia, we have recently indicted a other—I know the Liberian community we had the green card and visa system number of people who decided they in Minnesota. They have been for dec- up to date. We have a situation in our were going to go fight with ISIS, com- ades on an emergency order, and that country right now where we have lit- ing out of our State. And I am proud of is why they are in our State. Every erally unlimited visas for wild hockey our communities, our Muslim and So- year, they have to come back, and players. We love our hockey team in mali communities, that have been sometimes Congress does something Minnesota, and they are able to recruit working with law enforcement on this. and sometimes the President does a bunch of Canadians. That is good for This has been an effort, because no kid something. But year after year, they us, but doctors from the Mayo Clinic should be going over there and no par- need this Executive order because of are not able to bring in a spouse if they ent wants their kid to go join a ter- the status under which they came to want to come from another country. rorist organization. this country. They are law-abiding citi- We have to look at this as to the un- That being said, to keep our commu- zens. They are working throughout our documented workers who are here, we nities safe, we have to be very aggres- State and have been here for 15 or 20 have the border issues, and we also sive about these cases. So given that years. And that is just one example. have these issues related to agriculture these cases are going on right in my These Executive orders on immigra- and the innovation economy that make hometown, I would really like to have tion have been going on since Dwight this comprehensive reform so impor- the support of an Attorney General in Eisenhower. I don’t really have the tant. Let’s remember that when it place, and one who is nominated before time to look back and see what every comes to business issues, we have a this body. And as the nominee, she is Attorney General did at the time, but case where 200 of our Fortune 500 com- someone who is uniquely qualified to my guess is that the Attorneys General panies were started by immigrants or handle these kinds of cases that the under Dwight Eisenhower and Richard kids of immigrants. Ninety of our For- citizens in my State want to have han- Nixon and both Bushes and Bill Clinton tune 500 companies were started by im- dled, these terrorism cases. In fact, her all said: OK, this is legal. You can go migrants. Thirty percent of our U.S. office is No. 1 in the country when it ahead and do this Executive order. Nobel laureates were born in other comes to how many terrorism cases I am not saying this one is not of countries. I neglected to add MARCO RUBIO to they have successfully handled in New more magnitude. It is. But there was a the Gang of 8 as I recall in my mind ev- York. So she is a seasoned U.S. attor- major Executive order when George Bush was President. We know that. So eryone who was in it. ney. She is not someone who comes That is why I was such a fan of the why we would then somehow take that from a political background; she is comprehensive immigration reform— history and extrapolate it into, OK, someone who comes from a prosecutor because it was so important to look at well, Loretta Lynch is somehow law- background and is a former prosecutor all parts of the issue. and someone who wants to see that less just because she said the President So now I get to Loretta Lynch. We kind of commonsense, no-nonsense could issue an Executive order—it just passed a bill with pretty strong support mentality in the Attorney General’s of- doesn’t make any sense to me at all. here—I think it was like 68 votes or fice. We have a woman who has been pros- something in that neighborhood—and I highly recommend that my col- ecuting these cases of terrorism for then it went over to the House and it leagues not only vote for her confirma- years. We have someone who has sig- sat there in a deep freeze. That bill sat tion but just let this come to the floor nificant support from Democratic and there for over a year somewhere be- as soon as possible. Republican U.S. attorneys from many tween the chocolate ice cream and the Some of the critiques I have heard administrations. We have someone who frozen peas. We were never able to get against her from some of my col- really did pass her senatorial job re- it out of the House, and that is what leagues—some have said she has been view. I understand that my colleagues led to the President’s Executive order, lawless, and that doesn’t quite make feel strongly about immigration and and now somehow—OK, that is fine, it sense to me, especially when we look at that they didn’t like what the Presi- was bad enough that that all happened, who has been backing her from the law dent did, and the President himself and I am still hopeful we will be able to enforcement community, such as the 25 said he would like to tear up that piece get this done, but how that story leads U.S. attorneys I mentioned. The New of paper that contained the Executive to Loretta Lynch’s confirmation being York police commissioner has endorsed action if only this body and the House held up is beyond belief to me. I think her, as has the president of the Federal would pass comprehensive immigration it is time to get her nomination voted Law Enforcement Association and the reform. on. I don’t think it should be related to president of the International Associa- When I look back through this whole the present difficulties we are having tion of Chiefs of Police. These people story, one of my proudest moments with this bill that I care so much about are not exactly known for supporting was when the Senate came together on and mostly also with my safe harbor lawlessness. comprehensive immigration reform. I legislation, which has been slotted to The other thing that has been men- am on the Judiciary Committee, and I be the first amendment. tioned by many of my colleagues that believe that was the best moment for I am hopeful we will be able to work concerns me as to the reason they gave the Judiciary Committee in the last everything out with the bill that is on for blocking her nomination is that she few years. Under Chairman LEAHY’s the floor right now—I truly am—be- said when she was at a hearing that she leadership, our committee was able to cause I don’t think it is fitting of the would be supportive, as the chief law work together across party lines, start- Senate to keep up this fight when there enforcement person for our country, of ing with the Gang of 8 who came up are victims of sex trafficking every sin- the President’s policies when it comes with the base concept, which was half gle day, such as that 12-year-old girl to immigration. Democrats and half Republicans, in- out of Rochester, MN. How are we Let’s start with the law. We know cluding Senator DURBIN, Senator going to explain this to that little girl, this is now tied up in the courts, and MCCAIN, Senator SCHUMER, Senator that we are fighting it out every single there are different court decisions. One BENNET, Senator MENENDEZ, Senator day instead of trying to come to a reso- court is upholding the Executive order FLAKE, and the work of many other lution? of the President, and another court has Members, which made it possible to get I remember when we were down in said it is not legal. We have had dis- that bill done. Mexico—HEIDI HEITKAMP and Cindy

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:15 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.011 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 McCain and I—and visited one of the warming, Senator WHITEHOUSE made possibility of carbon being the cause of shelters there. We met all the girls who the following statement and asked this climate change. There are mixed re- were there. There was one girl there rhetorical question: ‘‘I don’t know views and mixed scientific evidence on named Paloma. All the other girls had whether Coca-Cola has ever spoken that. an interpreter and they talked to us about climate change to Senator ISAK- I am the first person to say we should through the interpreter, but she spoke SON . . . from Coca-Cola’s home State reduce our carbon footprint. It is good a little English. She introduced herself, of Georgia.’’ So I came to answer that for the atmosphere and our health. and then she just started to cry and rhetorical question and to answer the Eight years ago, when I had just en- could not stop crying. As she cried, you reference that was made in the edi- tered the U.S. Senate, I bought a hy- just knew that whatever happened to torial by Senator REID and Senator brid vehicle. I still drive that hybrid her was so bad, she could not even talk WHITEHOUSE. Ford Escape today. I did so because I about it. This is a picture of me and Senator thought it was a good business and a It reminded me of when Senator COONS in Ghana, Africa. It is 5 years good atmospheric decision. I didn’t buy GILLIBRAND, Senator GRAHAM, Senator old. At the request of the Coca-Cola it because someone made me; I bought HOEVEN, and I were on a trip and went Company, he and I traveled the con- it because I cared. My wife and I recy- to a refugee camp in Jordan and met tinent of Africa looking at clean water cle because we think it is a good idea. with a group of refugees. One of the projects all over that continent. Afri- There are lots of things we can do to women there said that what she had can people who never had the oppor- reduce the footprint of carbon, but to seen happen to her family in Syria was tunity to drink clean water now have infer in USA TODAY or in a speech so sad that it would make stones cry. sustainable clean water plants thanks that we are not cognizant of the things That is what I thought of when I saw to the Coca-Cola Company. These that are done by our corporations to Paloma, that what had happened to plants are environmentally safe, envi- reduce carbon emissions and reduce the her—this little, young, beautiful, 12-, ronmentally friendly, noncarbon-emit- danger to the environment is just 13-year-old girl—what had happened to ting water purification systems. wrong and it is just unfair. her was so sad that it would make During the course of the years I have Senator WHITEHOUSE wrote a great stones cry. been in the U.S. Senate, the Coca-Cola book, which I read, called ‘‘Virtues.’’ It I hope my colleagues keep this in Company has briefed me on the fol- is about the great virtues of living a mind as we work on these two bills. I lowing things about their business as it good and healthy life, and one of those am tired of talking about how this hap- deals with climate change or carbon. virtues is truth. The truth is that all of pened or how we got where we are. They have saved 7 billion gallons of us care about the environment; we just There is a way to resolve this problem, water in the United States with facil- don’t all subscribe to the same theory and certainly the nomination of the ity improvements in the United States. about what happens. We should all be praising the good Attorney General of the United States They have donated 70,000 ingredient things that corporations are doing and should not be held up because of it. drums for reuse as rain barrels, have recognize that it is not just Democrats I yield the floor. supported over 100 watershed projects I see my good friend Senator ISAKSON and not just Republicans, but it is across North America, and have from Georgia is here. American politicians who make the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- partnered with the National Forest policies that determine where we go in ator from Georgia. Service to provide water to 60 million the future. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I en- Americans. I think it is very important that we courage the Members of the Senate to On energy and climate, they have im- reduce carbon emissions, but I think it vote favorably on cloture so we can proved cooling equipment efficiency by is important to be practical in those move forward on the important bill on 60 percent in their operation since the reductions. We can pass all the great human trafficking. year 2000. They own the largest heavy- regulations in the world that are good Mr. President, I come to the floor to duty hybrid electric truck fleet in for the environment, but if they shut ask unanimous consent to address the North America and have improved en- down the American economy and Senate as in morning business. ergy efficiency in manufacturing by 8 American business, they are probably The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without percent since 2008. not a very good idea. objection, it is so ordered. In packaging, over 96 percent of total The environment and business should SETTING THE RECORD STRAIGHT waste is diverted away from landfills. work in harmony together rather than Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I don’t Since 2007, they have distributed be adversaries and enemies. Publica- normally come to the floor and address 240,000 public recycling bins. They have tions like what appeared in USA a question that was asked rhetorically achieved a 70 million-pound reduction TODAY over the weekend or speeches on the floor the night before, but I am in packaging material, and innovative like the one that was made last night compelled to do so today. packaging avoids 150,000 metric tons of don’t do anything to foster harmony or There were two instances that hap- CO2 emissions—150,000 metric tons of a good commitment; instead, they pened in the last week where my name CO2 emissions. raise controversy. and the Coca-Cola name came up, and I As far as agriculture, they have in- I love SHELDON WHITEHOUSE. He is a thought I should set the record vested over $1 million to support sus- great U.S. Senator. I appreciate Leader straight. tainable agriculture in Georgia and REID and what he does. But I don’t ap- This weekend, in an op-ed published across the United States. They have preciate the references that were made in USA TODAY, the Democratic leader, supported the planting of 25,000 acres of about Coca-Cola or about me in the ar- HARRY REID, and SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, new orange groves in Florida and 4,100 ticle they wrote over the weekend or the Senator from Rhode Island, made new jobs in energy efficiency. the speech that was made last night. the following statement: That is what the Coca-Cola Company In fact, as I thought about what I Republicans in Congress who represent has advised me of since I have been in would do in terms of responding to great corporations headquartered in their the U.S. Senate in terms of their com- what was said, I sat down last night states ignore those corporations—Walmart mitment to a clean environment for and made an interesting observation. in Arkansas, Coca-Cola in Georgia, VF Cor- our world and country. Monday of this week before I left Geor- poration in North Carolina—when they ex- I believe the climate does change, gia to come up here, I met with the plain the business case for addressing cli- but I don’t believe climate change is a Southern Company, and one of the dis- mate change and are already reducing their religion, I think it is science. I have cussions that came up were the solar own pollution. Republicans in Congress who root bois- done everything I can as a Senator to panels they put out in the Southwest terously for their state university sports educate myself on the carbon and cli- to amend the grid out there with solar teams ignore the warnings of scientists and mate change issue. Seven years ago, I energy—something that is environ- researchers at those very universities on cli- went with Senator BOXER from Cali- mentally sound and doesn’t emit car- mate change. fornia to Disko Bay in Greenland with bon. They talked about Plant Vogtle, Then last night on the floor of the Dr. Ally, the leading glaciologist in the where they are adding three or four re- Senate, in his 93rd speech on global world, to study what he says about the actors, which is renewable energy and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:25 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.013 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1601 recyclable, and it emits no carbon and first amendment—has noted that we street market, standing beside a pushcart is now being generated in Georgia—re- just need to move on and get these bills and telling her story calmly, with detach- liable electricity with carbon-free gen- done and not play politics as usual. ment. The only hint of anxiety or trauma is the way she often pushes her hair in front of eration through nuclear power. That is going to be my focus today as her black eyes, perhaps a nervous tic. Then Yesterday, I had a meeting with the I manage this bill. she lowers her hand and her long fingers ges- UPS corporation, which just happens So I thought I would read on the ticulate and flutter in the air with incon- to be one of the leaders in the world floor a book that has been a national gruous grace as she recounts her odyssey. using nonfossil fuel-burning waste to bestseller by Nicholas Kristof of the Rath is short and small-boned, pretty, vi- deliver their packages. New York Times and his wife Sheryl brant, and bubbly, a wisp of a girl whose neg- You can go down the list of corporate WuDunn. It is a book about sex traf- ligible stature contrasts with an outsized America and the things they are doing and outgoing personality. When the skies ficking. It is an incredible book. It fo- abruptly release a tropical rain shower that to reduce carbon emissions every single cuses more on international sex traf- drenches us, she simply laughs and rushes us day, and they deserve the credit. But ficking. As we know, our bills here— to cover under a tin roof, and then cheerfully they don’t need to be criticized or lec- the one that is on the floor and the one continues her story as the rain drums over- tured by Members of the Senate for not I have authored—are about how our head. But Rath’s attractiveness and winning lobbying me because they do lobby me. own country gets a handle on this, by personality are perilous bounties for a rural They believe, as I believe, that reduc- getting better laws in place and cre- Cambodian girl, and her trusting nature and ing carbon is good, but it shouldn’t be ating incentives and working with the optimistic self-assuredness compound the hazard. a religion; it should be dealt with sci- private sector and doings things so our When Rath was fifteen, her family ran out entifically. It is important that we un- country, I think from my perspective, of money, so she decided to go work as a derstand that every contribution we internationally can be a true leader. dishwasher in Thailand for two months to can make to a carbonless environment We can’t be a true leader and tell these help pay the bills. Her parents fretted about is a good contribution, but we can’t states and democracies and countries her safety, but they were reassured when abolish it absolutely. Every regulation that aren’t even democracies across Rath arranged to travel with four friends we pass to improve our environment is the world that they need to do a better who had been promised jobs in the same Thai restaurant. The job agent took the girls deep important, but if it shuts down Amer- job if we don’t do a better job. into Thailand and then handed them to ican business, it probably is not the To me, this should be a major tenet gangsters who took them to Kuala Lumpur, right decision to make. of our foreign policy. Once we get the capital of Malaysia. Rath was dazzled by So since the question was asked rhe- women so that they are not treated as her first glimpses of the city’s clean avenues torically last night on the floor of the slaves and they are not treated as chat- and gleaming high-rises, including at the Senate, I thought I would come to the tel—once we get them to that cir- time the world’s tallest twin buildings; it floor and answer it in person. I believe cumstance—countries always do bet- seemed safe and welcoming. But then thugs truth is a virtue. The truth is the Coca- ter. When we have women who can sequestered Rath and two other girls inside a Cola Company has informed me con- karaoke lounge that operated as a brothel. work and own businesses, women who One gangster in his late thirties, a man tinuously about the efforts they have can serve in government, it changes a known as ‘‘the boss,’’ took charge of the girls made to reduce carbon emissions and whole society. and explained that he had paid money for to improve their environmental con- So that is why the sex trafficking bill them and that they would now be obliged to tribution. There is no greater evidence is on the floor and the one that I have repay him. ‘‘You must find money to pay off of that than me drinking water that that will be considered as an amend- the debt, and then I will send you back just came out of a purification plant in ment. The reason we need to get home,’’ he said, repeatedly reassuring them Ghana, Africa, out of a Coca-Cola cup. through where we are right now and that if they cooperated they would eventu- ally be released. I think that is about the best evidence focus on the real issue at hand is that Rath was shattered when what was hap- we can possibly find that they have de- our country can not only help the vic- pening dawned on her. The boss locked her livered their message. They are doing tims in our own country, but by shin- up with a customer, who tried to force her to their job. I am proud of the Coca Cola ing a light on this, by being a leader on have sex with him. She fought back, enrag- Company. this internationally, it will help us ing the customer. ‘‘So the boss got angry and I yield the floor. internationally. We want to be able to hit me in the face, first with one hand and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- work with other countries—not saying then with the other,’’ she remembers, telling ator from Minnesota. they are doing something bad when we her story with simple resignation. ‘‘The mark stayed on my face for two weeks.’’ Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I have our own problem, but saying, wanted to clarify something I said Then the boss and the other gangsters raped Here is what we did and here is how we her and beat her with their fists. when I spoke about the work the Sen- are handling this and we want to work ‘‘You have to serve the customers,’’ the ate did on comprehensive immigration with you as partners and we want to boss told her as he punched her. ‘‘If not, we reform in relation to the Loretta have women be treated with respect will beat you to death. Do you want that?’’ Lynch nomination. I mentioned the throughout the world. Rath stopped protesting, but she sobbed and Gang of 8, and I think I got seven of So this book, as I said, focuses on refused to cooperate actively. The boss forced her to take a pill; the gangsters called them right. I wish to clarify exactly international sex trafficking. It is who was a Member of the Gang of 8: it ‘‘the happy drug’’ or ‘‘the shake drug.’’ called ‘‘Half the Sky.’’ I love this She doesn’t know exactly what it has, but it Senator SCHUMER, Senator DURBIN, name. It is a Chinese proverb. It talks made her head shake and induced lethargy, Senator MENENDEZ, Senator BENNET, about how women basically are holding happiness, and compliance for about an hour. Senator MCCAIN, Senator FLAKE, Sen- up half the sky. That is what it is When she wasn’t drugged, Rath was teary ator GRAHAM, and Senator RUBIO. That about. Women are holding up half the and insufficiently compliant—she was re- was the starting-off point for the com- sky. We can’t forget about half the sky quired to beam happily at all customers—so prehensive immigration reform that and just let half the sky go and let the boss said he would waste no more time passed through the Senate. on her: She would agree to do as he ordered them be sold into slavery and not be or he would kill her. Rath then gave in. The I wish to get back to the matter at treated equally and expect a society to hand. As I stand in the Chamber today, girls were forced to work in the brothel function. seven days a week, fifteen hours a day. They I am going to keep reminding people of So this is how the book starts out. It were kept naked to make it more difficult why we are really here, why the bill is has a great quote from Mark Twain. I for them to run away or to keep tips or other on the floor—which is about sex traf- like jokes. Listen to this one: ‘‘What money, and they were forbidden to ask cus- ficking—and the reason we want to try would men be without women? Scarce, tomers to use condoms. They were battered to resolve these issues and actually sir, mighty scarce.’’ until they smiled constantly and simulated focus on the matter at hand and not on It is making the point again that joy at the sight of customers, because men would not pay as much for sex with girls extraneous issues and other issues and women hold up half the sky. other fights. My own Republican Con- with reddened eyes and haggard faces. The So this is the book and how it starts: girls were never allowed out on the street or gressman who carries my bill, the safe Srey Rath is a self-confident Cambodian paid a penny for their work. harbor bill—which of course is not the teenager whose black hair tumbles over a ‘‘They just gave us food to eat, but they bill at issue but we hope will be the round, light brown face. She is in a crowded didn’t give us much because the customers

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:15 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.014 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 didn’t like fat girls,’’ Rath says. The girls in much of the world, a malignancy that is to punish a woman for an inadequate dowry were bused, under guard, back and forth be- slowly gaining recognition as one of the or to eliminate her so a man can remarry— tween the brothel and a tenth-floor apart- paramount human rights problems of this takes place approximately once every two ment where a dozen of them were housed. century. hours, but these rarely constitute news. The door of the apartment was locked from The issues involved, however, have barely In . . . Pakistan, five thousand women and the outside. However, one night, some of the registered on the global agenda. Indeed, girls have been doused in kerosene and set girls went out onto their balcony and pried when we began reporting about international alight by family members or in-laws—or, loose a long, five-inch-wide board from a affairs in the 1980s— perhaps worse, been seared with acid—for rack used for drying clothes. They balanced This is a book by Nicholas Kristof perceived disobedience in the last nine years. it precariously between their balcony and and his wife Sheryl, whose book, ‘‘Half Imagine the outcry if the Pakistani or In- one on the next building, twelve feet away. dian governments were burning women alive The board wobbled badly, but Rath was des- the Sky,’’ is a national best seller. The at those rates. Yet when the government is perate, so she sat astride the board and subhead is ‘‘Turning Oppression into not directly involved, people shrug. gradually inched across. Opportunity for Women Worldwide.’’ Again, how does this apply to the ‘‘There were four of us who did that,’’ she Again, why am I reading this? Be- matter at hand? We know there are says. ‘‘The others were too scared, because it cause this is what we are supposed to girls who are victims of trafficking was very rickety. I was scared, too, and I be talking about here. This is a bill we couldn’t look down, but I was even more who are put into slavery—sex slavery— are supposed to be getting done and not every single day in this country. So if scared to stay. We thought that even if we talking about extraneous issues that I died it would be better than staying behind. we think we can be a leader when it If we stayed we would die as well.’’ think we should be able to resolve be- comes to what is going on around the Once on the far balcony, the girls pounded cause they have been resolved in the world and we want to hold our Nation on the window and woke the surprised ten- past. To do that, we have to decide up, then we have to be a leader in this ant. They could hardly communicate with that these girls are important enough Chamber this week and get this bill him because none of them spoke the lan- to do that. done and get these extraneous issues guage, but the tenant let them into his Continuing on, they talked about apartment and then out the front door. The behind us that people feel strongly how these issues have barely registered about. But, as I said, somehow we have girls took the elevator down and wandered on the global agenda: the silent streets until they found a police been able to handle these issues in the station and walked inside. The police first Indeed, when we began reporting about past on other bills, and I hope the girls tried to shoo them away, then arrested the international affairs in the 1980s, we couldn’t we are talking about here are just as have imagined writing this book. We as- girls for illegal immigration. Rath served a important as those other issues. year in prison under Malaysia’s tough anti- sumed that the foreign policy issues that When a prominent dissident was arrested immigrant laws, and then she was supposed properly furrowed the brow were lofty and in China— to be repatriated. She thought a Malaysian complex, like nuclear nonproliferation. It policeman was escorting her home when he was difficult back then to envision the Coun- I go back to the book— drove her to the Thai border—but then he cil on Foreign Relations fretting about ma- we would write a front-page article; when sold her to a trafficker, who peddled her to a ternal mortality or genital mutilation. Back 100,000 girls were routinely kidnapped and Thai brothel. then the oppression of women was a fringe trafficked into brothels, we didn’t even con- issue, the kind of worthy cause the girl sider it news. Partly that is because we jour- So I say to my colleagues, this is scouts might raise money for— what we are talking about. This story nalists tend to be good at covering events that happen on a particular day, but we slip is in another country, but this same And I hope that is not how we are treating this in the Senate. I hope that at covering events that happen every day— story is repeated in our country day in such as the . . . cruelties inflicted on women and day out. If we are going to try to is not how we are treating it, and I hope we are not treating it as a polit- and girls. We journalists weren’t the only lead in Cambodia and try to change the ones who dropped the ball on this subject. [A world for these girls, we have to lead in ical football. tiny portion] of U.S. foreign aid is specifi- our own country. Certainly we have to We preferred to probe the recondite ‘‘seri- cally targeted to women and girls. lead by focusing on the issue at hand, ous issues.’’ They then go on to quote a Nobel So this book is the outgrowth— which is sex trafficking, and what we Prize-winning economist who has de- can do in our country. What can we do? The writers write— veloped a way to look at gender in- Well, we can have better services for of our own journey of awakening as we equality that is a striking reminder of the victims. We can set up our law en- worked together as journalists for The New the stakes involved. York Times. The first milestone in that jour- ‘‘More than 100 million are missing,’’ Sen forcement system in a way that works ney came in China. Sheryl is a Chinese- wrote in a classic essay in 1990 in ‘‘The New by not treating—for so long, these American who grew up in New York City, York Review of Books,’’ spurring a new field young 12-year-olds and 13-year-olds and Nicholas is an Oregonian who grew up on of research. Sen noted that in normal cir- were thought of as criminals when, in a sheep and cherry farm near Yamhill, Or- cumstances women live longer than men, fact, they are victims. How can we say egon. After we married, we moved to China, and so there are more females than males in where seven months later we found ourselves someone is not raped, how can we say much of the world. Even poor regions like standing on the edge of Tiananmen Square the story of this girl, who thought she most of Latin America and much of Africa watching troops fire their automatic weap- was going to work to have a better life have more females than males. Yet in places ons at prodemocracy protestors. The mas- where girls have a deeply unequal status, for herself as a dishwasher, then gets sacre claimed between four hundred and they vanish. China has 107 males for every raped—how can we say that is not rape, eight hundred lives and transfixed the world. 100 females in its overall population . . . that it is prostitution or a crime? No. It was the human rights story of the world. India has 108, and Pakistan has 111. She is a victim. It was the human rights story of the year, That is what the safe harbor bill— and it seemed just about the most shocking I remember at the McCain Institute, which I have introduced and which I violation imaginable. where Cindy McCain and HEIDI am hopeful will be the first amendment Then the following year, we came across HEITKAMP and I spoke on a panel, that once we work out these other issues— an obscure but meticulous demographic Senator MCCAIN had just returned from would do. It would treat these girls and study that outlined a human rights violation a trip abroad and had been in a country that had claimed tens of thousands more that was experiencing enormous up- boys as victims. lives. This study found that thirty-nine So I wish to remind my colleagues thousand baby girls die annually in China heaval. He had asked: ‘‘Where are the what we are truly dealing with. This is because parents don’t give them the same girls?’’ And someone said to him: not supposed to be a fight over abor- medical care and attention that boys re- ‘‘Most of them have been sold.’’ They tion. This is a fight about how to help ceive—and that is just in their first year of had been sold. So this is really hap- these young girls throughout our coun- life. One Chinese family-planning official, Li pening, and the people in this Chamber try and by virtue of us being a leader Honggui, explained it this way: ‘‘If a boy know it is happening. That is why, throughout the world. gets sick, the parents may send him to the again, I get back to the fact that if we So I am going to continue reading hospital at once. But if a girl gets sick, the want to do something about it here, we parents may say to themselves, ‘‘Well, let’s from the book, just so we are all re- see how she is tomorrow.’’ need to resolve these issues, we need to minded what we are talking about. . . . A similar pattern emerged in other do it without going into a blame game, Rath’s saga offers a glimpse of the bru- countries, particularly in South Asia and the and we need to get this done so we can tality inflicted routinely on women and girls Muslim world. In India, a ‘‘bride burning’’— pass this bill—and not have a dispute

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:25 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.017 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1603 over abortion—that, in fact, helps the been killed in the last fifty years, precisely cap—and you’ll find that she exudes con- very girls we are supposed to help. because they were girls, than men were fidence as she earns a solid income that will Only then can we be a leader in the killed in all the battles of the twentieth cen- provide a better future for her sisters and for tury. More girls are killed in this routine her young son. world. Many of the stories in this book are I will go back to the book: ‘‘gendercide’’ in any one decade than people were slaughtered in all the genocides of the wrenching, but keep in mind this central The worst of these abuses tend to occur in twentieth century. In the nineteenth cen- truth: Women aren’t the problem but the so- poor nations, but the United States and tury, the central moral challenge was slav- lution. The plight of girls is no more a trag- other western countries are not immune. In ery. In the twentieth century, it was the bat- edy than an opportunity. America, millions of women and girls face tle against totalitarianism. We believe that I will repeat that: beatings or other violence from their hus- in this century the paramount moral chal- Women aren’t the problem but the solu- bands or boyfriends and more than one in six lenge will be the struggle for gender equality undergo rape or attempted rape at some tion. The plight of girls is no more a tragedy around the world. point in her life, according to the National than an opportunity. Violence Against Women survey. Then there That will be the struggle to help That was a lesson we absorbed in Sheryl’s is forced prostitution. Teenage runaways are these girls. ancestral village, at the end of a dirt road beaten, threatened and branded (with tat- Maybe this is the battle we are hav- amid the rice paddies of southern China. For toos) by pimps in American cities, and thou- ing right now. Maybe this institution many years we have regularly trod the mud paths of the Taishan region to . . . the ham- sands of foreign women are trafficked into has to come up to speed. We have 20 the United States as well. Still, in poor let in which Sheryl’s paternal grandfather Senators who are women. Twenty per- grew up. China traditionally has been one of countries gender discrimination is often le- cent of the Senate are women. That is thal in a way that is usually not in America. the most oppressive and smothering places In India, for example, mothers are less likely pretty good. It is the best we have ever for girls, and we could see hints of this in to take their daughters to be vaccinated gotten. But when you look at the num- Sheryl’s own family history. Indeed, on our than their sons—that alone accounts for one bers, the numbers aren’t frequent when first visit, we accidentally uncovered a fam- fifth of India’s missing females—while stud- you look back through history. Maybe ily secret: a long-lost stepgrandmother. Sheryl’s grandfather had traveled to Amer- ies have found that, on average, girls are that is what we are going to have to do brought to the hospital only when they are ica with his first wife, but she had given to have people take these bills seri- birth only to daughters. So Sheryl’s grand- sicker than boys taken to the hospital. All ously and not play king of the hill with told, girls in India from 1 to 5 years of age father gave up on her and returned her to are 50 percent more likely to die than boys a bill as serious as this one. Shunshui, where he married a younger the same age. The best estimate is that a lit- I will continue to read ‘‘Half the woman as a second wife and took her to tle Indian girl dies from discrimination Sky’’ by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl America. This was Sheryl’s grandmother, every four minutes. WuDunn. who duly gave birth to a son—Sheryl’s dad. The previous wife and daughters were then A big, bearded Afghan . . . once told us The owners of the Thai brothel to which that his wife and son were sick. He wanted wiped out of the family memory. Rath was sold did not beat her and did not Something bothered us each time we ex- both to survive, he said, but his priorities constantly guard her. So two months later, were clear: A son is an indispensable treas- plored [the town] and the surrounding vil- she was able to escape and make her way lages: Where were the young women? ure, while a wife is replaceable. He had pur- back to Cambodia. chased medication for the boy alone. ‘‘She is Upon her return, Rath met a social worker This is, by the way, what Senator always sick,’’ he gruffly said of his wife, ‘‘so who put her in touch with an aid group that MCCAIN said when he returned from a it’s not worth buying medicine for her.’’ helps girls who have been trafficked start country that was repressed. Again, why is this relevant to the new lives. The group, American Assistance Young men were toiling industriously in matter at hand? I think these young for Cambodia, used $400 in donated funds to the paddies or fanning themselves in the girls and women in our own country buy a small cart and a starter selection of shade, but young women and girls were and across the world deserve to be goods so that Rath could become a street scarce. We finally discovered them and we treated seriously. They deserve not to peddler. She found a good spot in the open stopped in the factories that were then area between the Thai and Cambodian cus- be treated as a political football on ex- spreading throughout the [Guangdong] Prov- toms offices. . . . Travelers crossing between ince, the epicenter of China’s economic erup- traneous issues this Chamber likes to Thailand and Cambodia walk along this tion. These factories produced the shoes, debate. strip, the size of a football field, and it is toys, and shirts that filled America’s shop- This bill needs to be treated just as lined with peddlers selling drinks, snacks ping malls, generating economic growth seriously—and my safe harbor bill—as and souvenirs. rates almost unprecedented in the history of any other bill. Somehow, the people in Rath outfitted her cart with shirts and the world—and creating the most effective charge of these institutions have been hats, costume jewelry, notebooks, pens and antipoverty program ever recorded. The fac- able to work out the differences. small toys. Now her good looks and outgoing tories turned out to be cacophonous hives of personality began to work in her favor, turn- Modernization and technology can aggra- distaff bees. ing her into an effective saleswoman. She vate the discrimination. Since the 1990s, the Eighty percent of the employees on the as- saved and invested in new merchandise, her spread of ultrasound machines has allowed sembly lines in coastal China are female, and business thrived, and she was able to support pregnant women to find out the sex of their the proportion across the manufacturing belt her parents and two younger sisters. She fetuses—and then get abortions if they are of East Asia is at least 70 percent. The eco- female. married and had a son, and she began saving nomic explosion in Asia was, in large part, for his education. an outgrowth of the economic empowerment Again, we are talking about China. In 2008, Rath turned her cart into a stall, of women. ‘‘They have small fingers, so ‘‘We don’t have to have daughters and then also acquired the stall next door. they’re better at stitching,’’ the manager of anymore!’’ someone said in China. She also started a ‘‘public phone’’ business a purse factory explained to us. ‘‘They’re To prevent sex-selective abortion, China by charging people to use her cell phone. So obedient and work harder than men,’’ said and India now bar doctors and ultrasound if you ever cross from Thailand into Cam- the head of a toy factory. ‘‘And we can pay technicians from telling a pregnant woman bodia at Poipet, look for a shop on your left, them less.’’ Women are indeed the linchpin the sex of her fetus. Yet that is a flawed so- halfway down the strip, where a teenage girl of the region’s development strategy. lution. will call out to you, smile, and try to sell Economists who scrutinized East Asia’s According to the book: you a souvenir cap. She’ll laugh and claim success noted a common pattern. These she’s giving you a special price, and she’s so countries took young women who previously Research shows that when parents are bubbly and appealing she’ll probably make had contributed negligibly to the gross na- banned from selectively aborting female the sale. tional product and injected them into the fetuses, more of their daughters die as in- Rath’s eventual triumph— formal economy, hugely increasing the labor fants. Mothers do not deliberately dispatch force. The basic formula was to ease repres- infant girls they are obligated to give birth If you remember from the first part sion, educate girls as well as boys, give the to, but they are lackadaisical about caring of the book that I read, she was sold girls the freedom to move to the cities and for them. A development economist at into slavery when she simply thought take factory jobs, and then benefit from a Brown University . . . quantified the she was going to work as a dishwasher; demographic dividend as they delayed mar- wrenching trade-off: On average, the deaths she was sold into sex and repeatedly riage and reduced childbearing. The women of fifteen infant girls can be avoided by al- raped— meanwhile financed the education of young- lowing 100 female fetuses to [die]. is a reminder that if girls get a chance, in er relatives, and saved enough of their pay to This is what is going on around the the form of an education or a microloan, boost national savings rates. This pattern world right now. they can be more than baubles or slaves; has been ‘‘the girl effect.’’ In a nod to the fe- The global statistics on the abuse of girls many of them can run businesses. Talk to male chromosomes, it could also be called are numbing. It appears that more girls have Rath today—after you’ve purchased that ‘‘the double X solution.’’

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:15 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.018 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1604 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 Evidence has mounted that helping women dividend’’ by elevating not only women but serious topic on the international affairs can be a successful poverty-fighting strategy also their children and communities. The agenda. That’s evident also in the Council on anywhere in the world, not just in the boom- United Nation Development Programme Foreign Relations. The wood-paneled halls ing economies of East Asia. The Self Em- (UNDP) summed up the mounting research that have been used for discussions of MIRV ployed Women’s Association was founded in this way: ‘‘Women’s empowerment helps warheads . . . are now employed as well to India in 1972 and ever since has supported the raise economic productivity and reduce in- host well-attended sessions on maternal poorest women in starting businesses—rais- fant mortality. It contributes to improved mortality. ing living standards in ways that have daz- health and nutrition. It increases the This is now Nicholas Kristof and zled scholars and foundations. In Ban- chances of education for the next genera- gladesh, Muhammad Yunus developed micro- tion.’’ Sheryl WuDunn speaking in their book, finance at the Grameen Bank and targeted More and more, the most influential schol- which has been a national best seller, women borrowers—eventually winning a ars of development and public health—in- ‘‘Half the Sky.’’ It is about sex traf- Nobel Peace Prize for the economic and so- cluding Sen and Summers, Joseph Stiglitz, ficking and how important it is to take cial impact of his work. Jeffrey Sachs, and Dr. Paul Farmer—are this issue on—not just in our own coun- I would note here—just a little side- calling for much greater attention to women try but the world. note, as I am reading through Nicholas and development. Private aid groups and foundations have We will try to lay out an agenda for the Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn’s book, to shifted gears as well. ‘‘Women are the key to world’s women focusing on three particular make everyone in this Chamber re- ending hunger in Africa,’’ declared the Hun- abuses: sex trafficking and forced prostitu- member why we are here. We are here ger Project. French foreign minister Bernard tion; gender-based violence, including honor to help girls, not just in the United Kouchner, who founded Doctors Without killings and mass rape; and maternal mor- Borders, bluntly declared of development: tality, which still needlessly claims one States, but in the world. We are here to woman a minute. We will lay out solutions hold up ‘‘Half the Sky.’’ We are here to ‘‘Progress is achieved through women.’’ The Center for Global Development issued a such as girls’ education and microfinance, show that this Chamber, at its best, which are working right now. can actually help the people we are major report explaining ‘‘why and how to put girls at the center of development.’’ While the most urgent needs are in the de- supposed to help, the most vulnerable CARE is taking women and girls as the cen- veloping world, wealthy countries also need in our society, instead of debating ex- terpiece of its antipoverty efforts. The Nike to clear up their own neighborhoods. If we traneous issues that we are unable to Foundation and the NoVo Foundation are are to lead the way we must show greater resolve on this bill but that we seem both focusing on building opportunities for resolution in cracking down on domestic vio- able to resolve on other bills that just girls in the developing world. ‘‘Gender in- lence and sex trafficking in our own neigh- borhoods, rather than just sputter about must be more important than the girls equality hurts economic growth,’’ Goldman Sachs concluded in a 2008 research report abuses far away. and the women of this world. That is It is true that there are many injustices in all I can figure out. that emphasized how much developing coun- tries could improve their economic perform- the world, many worthy causes competing But I would like to note, as I read ance by educating girls. Partly as a result of for attention and support, and we all have di- about one of their suggestions for that research, Goldman Sachs committed vided allegiances. things that help girls and women $100 million to a ‘‘10,000Women’’ campaign This sounds kind of like us, right? around the world, this idea of micro- meant to give that many women a business There are a lot of different topics and credit. My dad, who is kind of an ad- education. things that we have to take on, and venturer and goes around the world, I think this is actually a really good there are many worthy causes that are actually wrote a book on microcredit book. I just plan to keep reading it calling for our attention and support. called ‘‘The Miracles of Barefoot Cap- whenever I can over the next few days We all have divided allegiances. I think italism’’—in case he is watching on C- until we get a resolution to this prob- that is kind of what is going on in this Span, I thought he would like that lem. Chamber. But why do we need to focus note—with his wife Susan Wilkes. They I am going to take a look at how on this? Well, I will go back to the are big believers in helping women many pages it is. Well, if you include book. around the world with microcredit. the notes, it is 296 pages. I will obvi- We focus on this topic because, to us, this So then they go on in the book to ously take breaks when our colleagues kind of oppression feels transcendent—and so talk about helping people through come down here. But I do think it is does the opportunity. We have seen that out- microcredit. really important that we keep the pres- siders can truly make a significant dif- In the early 1990s, the United Nations and sure on, that the women and girls of ference. the World Bank began to appreciate the po- this country demand that this get re- Consider Rath once more. tential resource that women and girls rep- solved, because as I said, we have some- Now, remember, this was the girl resent. Investment in girls’ education may how been able to resolve it on other that was sold into sex trafficking in well be the highest return investment avail- bills. I think this bill and the bill that Malaysia. able in the developing world. I have, the safe harbor bill, are just as We had been so shaken by her story that I think it is something that we need important. I think our colleagues, in we wanted to locate that brothel in Malay- to remember in the United States as my discussions with them, know sev- sia, interview its owners, and try to free the we look at the low numbers of girls eral ways we could resolve this prob- girls still imprisoned there. Unfortunately, that go into science and technology lem, including just eliminating this ex- we could not determine the brothel’s name or address. (Rath didn’t know English or and head up companies, because for traneous provision. But there might be some reason they do not have the con- even the Roman alphabet, so she hadn’t been other ways as well. We know what they able to read signs when she was there.) When fidence to go into those fields or they are. I hope they keep working on them. are not encouraged to go into those we asked her if she would be willing to re- Concerns about terrorism after the 9/11 at- turn to Kuala Lumpur and help us find the fields. If we in the Senate cannot even tacks triggered interest in these issues as an brothel, she turned ashen. ‘‘I don’t know,’’ say they should not be trafficked and unlikely constituency: the military and she said. ‘‘I don’t want to face that again.’’ we cannot do anything to help them, I counterterrorism agencies. Some security She wavered, talked it over with her family, do not think we are helping that cause experts noted that the countries that nur- and ultimately agreed to go back in the hope very much. ture terrorists are disproportionately those of rescuing her girlfriends. Larry Summers wrote, when he was where woman are marginalized. The reason Rath voyaged back to Kuala Lumpur with the chief economist of the World Bank: that there are so many Muslim terrorists, the protection of an interpreter and a local ‘‘The question is not whether countries they argued, has little to do with the Koran antitrafficking activist. Nonetheless, she but a great deal to do with the lack of robust trembled in the red light district upon seeing can afford this investment, but wheth- female participation in the economy and so- the cheerful neon signs that she associated er countries can afford not to educate ciety of many Islamic countries. As the Pen- with so much pain. But since her escape, Ma- more girls.’’ tagon gained a deeper understanding of coun- laysia has been embarrassed by public criti- In 2001, the World Bank produced an influ- terterrorism . . . it became increasingly in- cism about trafficking, so the police had ential study, Engendering Development terested in grassroots projects such as girls’ cracked down on the worst brothels that im- Through Gender Equality in Rights, Re- education. Empowering girls, some in the prisoned girls against their will. One of those sources, and Voice, arguing that promoting military argued, would disempower terror- was Rath’s. A modest amount of inter- gender equality is crucial to combat global ists. When the Joint Chiefs of Staff hold dis- national scolding had led a government to poverty. UNICEF issued a major report argu- cussions of girls’ education in Pakistan and take action, resulting in an observable im- ing that gender equality yields a ‘‘double Afghanistan . . . you know that gender is a provement in the lives of girls at the bottom

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:25 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.019 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1605 of the power pyramid. The outcome under- The senior assistant legislative clerk a low-caste tribe that controls the local sex scores that this is a hopeful cause, not a proceeded to call the roll. trade. The Nutt have traditionally engaged bleak one. Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I in prostitution and petty crime, and theirs is Honor killings, sexual slavery, and genital ask unanimous consent that the order the world of intergenerational prostitution, cutting may seem to Western readers to be in which mothers sell sex and raise their tragic but inevitable in a world far, far away. for the quorum call be rescinded. daughters to do the same. In much the same way, slavery was once The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Meena strolls through the brothels to a widely viewed by many decent Europeans SASSE). Without objection, it is so or- larger hut that functions as a part-time and Americans as a regrettable but ineluc- dered. school, sits down, and makes herself com- table feature of human life. It was just one Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I fortable. Behind her, the villagers gradually more horror that has existed for thousands am reading the book ‘‘Half the Sky,’’ resume their activities. of years. But then in the 1780s a few indig- ‘‘I was eight or nine years old when I was nant Britons, led by William Wilberforce, de- by Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl kidnapped and trafficked,’’ Meena begins. cided that slavery was so offensive that they WuDunn. I think it is a beautiful book. She is from a poor family on the Nepal bor- had to abolish it. And they did. Today, we It is on sex trafficking around the der and was sold to a Nutt clan, then taken see the seed of something similar, a global world and what has been happening to a rural house where the brothel owner movement to emancipate women and girls. around the world. A part of this is that kept prepubescent girls until they were ma- By the way, later in the book—since I think we need to make the point that ture enough to attract customers. When she I have read it already, but now I will be we can lead in our country when it was twelve—she remembers that it was five able to read it again—they talk about comes to sex trafficking. months before her first period—she was taken to the brothel. how, in fact, it was the evidence of that We have Senator CORNYN’s bill, and ‘‘They brought in the first client, and brutality of the slavery, of the stench we know there is an issue with one of they’d taken lots of money from him,’’ of the people who were slaves who were the provisions that needs to be re- Meena recounted, speaking clinically and in the bottom of that ship that really solved—and I don’t think it is a provi- without emotion. The induction was similar drove action. Yes, the activists and sion that is related to this topic—but to that endured by Rath in Malaysia, for sex William Wilberforce understandably we are hopeful people of good will can trafficking operates on the same business get a lot of the attention and well-de- come together and resolve this issue. model worldwide, and the same methods are used to break girls everywhere. ‘‘I started served credit for what happened, but it The easiest way would be to take it fighting and crying out, so that he couldn’t was the evidence that led to Britain, out. We can have other discussions. succeed,’’ Meena said. ‘‘I resisted so much the people and their society, long be- Somehow, through history, the Senate that they had to return the money to him. fore many other countries had even has been able to come together and And they beat me mercilessly, with a belt, thought about abolishing slavery—it take care of this issue with the Hyde with sticks, with iron rods. The beating was was the evidence of the brutality that amendment and other bills. tremendous.’’ She shook her head to clear led them to make a change. I think the point I am trying to the memory. ‘‘But even then I resisted. They That is one of the things that we make today is this bill is just as impor- showed me swords and said they would kill need to talk about and why I am talk- me if I didn’t agree. Four or five times, they tant as those bills and that these girls brought customers in, and I still resisted, ing about this here today. We have to who are victims of sex trafficking are and they kept beating me. Finally they get back on what really matters here, just as important as anyone else in this drugged me: They gave me wine in my drink such as the story of the 12-year-old girl country. and got me completely drunk.’’ Then one of in Rochester, MN—a 12-year-old girl I am going to continue reading this the brothel owners raped her. She awoke, who just got a text message and went book. I am hopeful—as I mentioned, it hungover and hurting, and realized what had to a McDonald’s parking lot and was is very long, and I will obviously pause happened. ‘‘Now I am wasted,’’ she thought, shoved into a car and then brought to for my colleagues who come to the and so she gave in and stopped fighting cus- tomers. the Twin Cities and then raped. Then floor, but I am going to continue read- In Meena’s brothel, the tyrant was a fam- her pictures were taken—sexually ex- ing it until we get this resolved. ily matriarch, Ainul Bibi. Sometimes Ainul plicit pictures—and put on Craigslist. We are now on chapter 1, ‘‘Emanci- would beat the girls herself, and sometimes Then she was sold the next day and pating Twenty-First-Century Slaves.’’ she would delegate the task to her daughter- raped by two men. The quote on this is actually from in-law or her sons, who were brutal in in- That is what this is really about. It is Christopher Buckley, one of my favor- flicting punishment. not about these extraneous fights and ite authors, from ‘‘Florence of Arabia,’’ ‘‘I wasn’t even allowed to cry,’’ Meena re- what has been going on, dragging this members. ‘‘If even one tear fell, they would from the beginning of the chapter: beat me. I used to think that it was better to Chamber down, and even stopping us ‘‘Women might just have something to die than to live like this. Once I jumped from from confirming a well-qualified person contribute to civilization other than the balcony, but nothing happened. I didn’t for the Attorney General of the United their vaginas.’’ even break a leg.’’ States. That is what they are talking That might not have been said on Meena and the others girls were never al- about here. It is the evidence that the this floor that many times, but he is a lowed out of the brothel and were never paid. American people see. They start de- humorous writer. Now, let’s go on with They typically had ten or more customers a day, seven days a week. If a girl fell asleep or manding change. I hope that is hap- the book: pening today. complained about a stomachache, the issue The red-light district in the town of was resolved with a beating. And when a girl So let’s be clear about this up front. We Forbesgunge does not actually have any red showed any hint of resistance, all the girls hope to recruit you to join— lights. Indeed, there is no electricity. The would be summoned to watch as the recal- These are the authors. brothels are simply mud-walled family com- citrant one was tied up and savagely beaten. —an incipient movement to emancipate pounds along a dirt path, with thatch-roof ‘‘They turned the stereo up loud to cover women and fight global poverty by shacks set aside for customers. the screams,’’ Meena said dryly. unlocking women’s power as economic cata- Children play and scurry along the dirt India almost certainly has more modern lysts. That is the process underway—not a paths, and a one-room shop on the corner slaves, in conditions like these, than any drama of victimization but of empowerment, sells cooking oil, rice, and bits of candy. other country. There are 2 to 3 million pros- the kind that transforms bubbly teenage Here, in the impoverished northern Indian titutes in India, and although many of them girls from brothel slaves into successful state of Bihar near the Nepalese border, now sell sex to some degree willingly, and businesswomen. there’s not much else available commer- are paid, a significant share of them entered This is a story of transformation. It has cially—except sex. the sex industry unwillingly. One 2008 study change that is already taking place, and As Meena Hasina walks down the path, the of Indian brothels found that of Indian and change that can accelerate if you will just children pause and stare at her. The adults Nepali prostitutes who started as teenagers, open your heart and join in. stop as well, some glowering and the tension about half said they had been coerced into I think we need some opening of rises. Meena is a lovely, dark-skinned Indian the brothels; women who began working in woman in her thirties with warm, crinkly their twenties were more likely to have hearts here in the Chamber. I am going eyes and a stud in her left nostril. She wears made the choice themselves, often to feed to take one break to talk to our staff, a sari and ties her black hair back, and she their children. Those who start out enslaved and then I will be back. seems utterly relaxed as she strolls among often accept their fate eventually and sell I suggest the absence of a quorum. people who despise her. sex willingly, because they know nothing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Meena is an Indian Muslim who for years else and are too stigmatized to hold other clerk will call the roll. was prostituted in a brothel run by the Nutt, jobs.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:15 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.021 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1606 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 China has more prostitutes than India— fund. These bills are about creating a ‘‘You have great audacity to come here!’’ some estimates are as high as 10 million or safe harbor so we don’t treat these one policeman scolded her. In the end, the more—but fewer of them are forced into young victims as criminals, like we police sent her back after extracting a prom- brothels against their will. Indeed, China has have in Minnesota with the safe harbor ise from the brothel not to beat her. The few brothels as such. Many of the prostitutes brothel owners did not immediately punish are freelancers working as ding-dong xiaojie law. And it is about trying to get some- her. But a friendly neighbor warned Meena (so called because they ring hotel rooms thing done. that the brothel owners had decided to mur- looking for business), and even those work- We know an extraneous provision is der her. That doesn’t happen often in red- ing in massage parlors and saunas are typi- on this bill and that we need to resolve light districts, any more than farmers kill cally there on commission and can leave if this one way or another. As I have producing assets such as good milk cows, but they want to. noted, we have been able to resolve this from time to time a prostitute becomes so Paradoxically, it is the countries with the in the past, and I welcome my col- nettlesome that the owners kill her as a most straightlaced and sexually conserv- warning to the other girls. ative societies, such as India, Pakistan, and leagues to come and speak about this issue. I hope this blame game is behind Fearing for her life, Meena abandoned her Iran, that have disproportionately large children and fled the brothel. She traveled numbers of forced prostitutes. Since young us, and that we won’t be making accu- several hours by train to Forbesgunge. men in those societies rarely sleep with their sations but instead we will actually Someone there told one of Ainul’s sons, girlfriends, it has become acceptable for work on getting this bill done. Because Manooj, of her whereabouts, and he soon ar- them to relieve their sexual frustrations lost in all of this is the fact this isn’t rived to beat up Meena. Manooj didn’t want with prostitutes. just some game people can play. These her causing trouble in his brothel again, so The implicit social contract is that upper- are actual young girls. he told her that she could live on her own in class girls will keep their virtue, while Forbesgunge and prostitute herself, but she young men will find satisfaction in the As I said, why is this international prostitution relevant to what we are would have to give him the money. Not brothels. And the brothels will be staffed knowing how she could survive otherwise, with slave girls trafficked from Nepal or talking about? It is relevant because Meena agreed. Bangladesh or poor Indian villages. As long our country can actually become a Whenever Manooj returned to Forbesgunge as the girls are uneducated, low-caste peas- leader in this area. We can be a leader. to collect money, he was dissatisfied with ants like Meena, society will look the other We can actually do something in Amer- the amount Meena gave him and beat her. way—just as many antebellum Americans ica to show we are taking this on. Our Once Manooj threw Meena to the ground and turned away from the horrors of slavery be- bill, the safe harbor bill I am leading, was beating her furiously with a belt when a cause the people being lashed looked dif- respectful local man intervened. ferent from them. which we hope will be the first amend- In Meena’s brothel, no one used condoms. ment to this bill, sets up a national sex ‘‘You’re already pimping her, you’re al- Meena is healthy for now, but she has never trafficking strategy. We don’t have one ready taking her lifeblood,’’ remonstrated had an AIDS test. (While HIV prevalence is right now. her saviour, a pharmacist named Kuduz. low in India, prostitutes are at particular As a former prosecutor, I know when ‘‘Why beat her to death as well?’’ risk because of their large number of cus- we work between Federal and State It wasn’t the same as leaping on Manooj to tomers.) Because Meena didn’t use condoms, pull him off, but for a woman like Meena, and local authorities, and we take on who was scorned by society, it was startling she became pregnant, and this filled her with these cases and do it in a smart way, despair. to have anyone speak up for her. we actually are able to get things done. ‘‘I used to think that I never wanted to be To have anyone speak up for her. a mother, because my life had been wasted, We did it with the Violence Against and I didn’t want to waste another life,’’ Women Act, when everyone thought That is what I hope we are going to be Meena said. But Ainul’s brothel, like many that was just a situation where you can doing in this Chamber in the next few in India, welcomed the pregnancy as a beat your wife and no one is going to days, that we are going to speak up for chance to breed a new generation of victims. notice. It happened behind closed these victims and show that we want to Girls are raised to be prostitutes, and boys doors. But we took it on as a country actually get something done and that become servants to do the laundry and cook- and we changed things and changed they have value outside of being a po- ing. litical football. In the brothel, without medical help, things for women in this country. Now Meena gave birth to a baby girl, whom she we can do this with prostitution. Manooj backed off, and Kuduz helped her named Naina. But soon afterward, Ainul We can no longer see this as a up. Meena and Kuduz lived near each other took the baby away from Meena, partly to victimless crime. There is a victim. in Forbesgunge, and the incident created a stop her from breast-feeding—customers dis- The victim is 12 years old. She is some- bond between them. Soon Kuduz and Meena were chatting regularly, and then he offered like prostitutes who are lactating—and part- one in your State right now. So that is ly to keep the baby as a hostage to ensure to marry her. Thrilled, she accepted. that Meena would not try to flee. why these bills are so serious and why Manooj was furious when he heard about ‘‘We will not let Naina stay with you,’’ we need to continue to get them done. the marriage, and he offered Kuduz 100,000 Ainul told her. ‘‘You are a prostitute, and I am going to keep talking about this rupees ($2,500) to give Meena up—a sum that you have no honor. So you might run away.’’ issue because I think at some point we perhaps reflected his concern that she might Later a son, Vivek, followed, and the owners have to realize why we are here and use her new respectability as a married also took him away. So both of Meena’s chil- what we are talking about, instead of woman to cause trouble for the brothel. dren were raised by others in the brothel, using it as a political football. Kuduz wasn’t interested in a deal. mostly in sections of the compound where So the story goes on: ‘‘Even if you offered me two hundred fifty she was not allowed to go. thousand rupees, I will not give her up,’’ ‘‘They held my children captive, so they Meena estimates that in the dozen years Kuduz said. ‘‘Love has no price.’’ thought I would never try to escape,’’ she she was in the brothel, she was beaten on av- erage five days a week. Most girls were After they were married, Meena bore two said. To some degree, this strategy worked. daughters with Kuduz, and she went back to Meena once helped thirteen of the girls es- quickly broken and cowed, but Meena never quite gave in. Her distinguishing char- her native village to look for her parents. cape, but didn’t flee herself because she Her mother had died—neighbors said she had couldn’t bear to leave her children. The pen- acteristic is obstinacy. She can be dogged and mulish, and that is one reason the vil- cried constantly after Meena disappeared, alty for staying behind was a brutal beating then had gone mad—but her father was for complicity in the escape. lagers find her so unpleasant. She breaches the pattern of femininity in rural India by stunned and thrilled to see his daughter res- Ainul had herself been a prostitute when urrected. she was young, so she was unsympathetic to talking back—and fighting back. Life was clearly better, but Meena couldn’t the younger girls. ‘‘If my own daughters can The police seemed unlikely saviors to girls forget her first two children left behind in be prostituted, then you can be, too,’’ Ainul in the brothels because police officers regu- the brothel. So she began making journeys would tell the girls. And it was true that she larly visited the brothels and were serviced back—five hours by bus—to Ainul Bibi’s had prostituted her own two daughters. free. But Meena was so desperate that she brothel. There she would stand outside and (‘‘They had to be beaten up to agree to it,’’ once slipped out and went to the police sta- plead for Naina and Vivek. Meena explained. ‘‘No one wants to go into tion to demand help. this.’’) ‘‘I was forced into prostitution by a broth- ‘‘As many times as I could, I would go back to fight for my children,’’ she remembered. That is a good place to stop and talk el in town,’’ Meena told the astonished offi- cer at the police station. ‘‘The pimps beat ‘‘I knew they would not let me take my chil- a little about what we are doing on the me up, and they’re holding my children hos- dren. I knew they would beat me up. But I floor. No one wants to go into this. tage.’’ Other policemen came out to see this thought I had to keep trying.’’ That is what these bills are about. unusual sight, and they mocked her and told It didn’t work. Ainul and Manooj didn’t let These bills are about having a victims her to go back. Meena in the brothel; they whipped her and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:44 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.023 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1607 drove her away. The police wouldn’t listen to up women, and many women work on their and tug them into the brothel. Many a for- her. The brothel owners not only threatened own without pimps or brothels. Nor is the eigner would assume that she is there volun- to kill her, they also threatened to kidnap problem exactly ‘‘trafficking’’ since forced tarily, but in that situation complying with her two young daughters with Kuduz and sell prostitution doesn’t always depend on a the will of the brothel owner does not signify them to a brothel. Once a couple of gangsters girl’s being transported over a great distance consent. showed up at Meena’s house in Forbesgunge by a middleman. Our own estimate is that there are 3 mil- to steal the two little girls, but Kuduz The story I told, by the way, of the lion women and girls (and a very small num- grabbed a knife and warned: ‘‘If you even try girl in Rochester, she just went about ber of boys) worldwide who can be fairly to steal them, I’ll cut you into pieces.’’ termed enslaved in the sex trade. That is a Meena was terrified for her two younger an hour-and-a-half drive. So this idea conservative estimate that does not include girls, but she couldn’t forget Naina. She the trafficking is just about going from many others who are manipulated and in- knew that Naina was approaching puberty one nation to another or being in the timidated into prostitution. Nor does it in- and would soon be on the market. But what hold of a boat or something like that is clude millions more who are under eighteen could she do? not necessarily always the case. So we and cannot meaningfully consent to work in So these stories are pretty raw, and use the words sex trafficking because brothels. We are talking about 3 million peo- they are stories we usually don’t tell people have to understand this is more ple who in effect are the property of another than just one pimp and one prostitute, person and in many cases could be killed by on the floor of the United States Sen- their owner with impunity. ate. But I think we need to, because that these are usually rings and these Technically, trafficking is often defined as maybe it is the only way people will re- girls are usually brought someplace taking someone (by force or deception) member why we are here and what we where they do not want to be. But it across an international border. The U.S. are supposed to be doing right now, doesn’t necessarily mean they are State Department has estimated that be- which is to get these bills done and brought long distances. tween 600,000 and 800,000 people are trafficked then hopefully confirm an Attorney So when we talk about the bills on across international borders each year, 80 the floor, let’s remember that, and I percent of them women and girls, mostly for General of the United States, which is sexual exploitation. Since Meena didn’t cross something else we need to do that think this is a good reminder from this a border, she wasn’t trafficked in the tradi- seems completely unrelated to these book. tional sense. That’s also true of most people sex trafficking stories of these girls, And, by the way, if I ever mis- who are enslaved in brothels. As the U.S. except for one reason, and that is that pronounce names or words, my apology State Department notes, its estimate doesn’t we would want to have an attorney to the authors Nicholas Kristof and include ‘‘millions of victims around the general in place so they can enforce the Sheryl WuDunn. I have to say it is kind world who are trafficked within their own law. of small print, and I am trying my national borders.’’ Some of these cases are actually Fed- best. I know the Presiding Officer has a The bills that we have—the one be- eral, such as the one we had in Min- good command of English and will help fore us and my bill, the safe harbor nesota involving the little girl from me out or correct me if I make a mis- bill, which we would like to see as the Rochester, or the case in Senator take. first amendment, which passed the Ju- HEITKAMP’s State of North Dakota in- The horror of sex trafficking can more diciary Committee with 20 votes on a volving the incident of a sex traf- properly be labeled slavery. bipartisan basis—these bills are fo- ficking ring in the oil patch. This is The total number of modern slaves is dif- cused on sex trafficking within our own going on right now in this country. So ficult to estimate. The International Labour borders, although some of the victims Organization, a UN agency, estimates that what could an Attorney General do? I will be brought in from other coun- at any one time there are 12.3 million people tries. This book, ‘‘Half the Sky,’’ is so would ask: What can we do? What we engaged in forced labor of all kinds, not just can do is to get this bill done. sexual servitude. A UN report estimated that good because it really is about what is Again, I welcome my colleagues to 1 million children in Asia alone are held in going on all around the world and all come and talk about this issue, but I conditions indistinguishable from slavery. these victims around the world. Every hope when they talk about it we will The Lancet, a prominent medical journal in country has their own problems. De- actually focus on the matter at hand— Britain, calculated that ‘‘1 million children spite all of the political machinations not blame anyone anymore, not talk are forced into prostitution every year and and extraneous provisions and other the total number of prostituted children about the things we disagree on but things, what we are trying to get done could be as high as 10 million.’’ today is to do something real to help what we agree on. And then, hopefully, Antitrafficking campaigners tend to use that will lead to the discussions I know higher numbers, such as 27 million modern the victims of sex trafficking through are going on to resolve this bill because slaves. That figure originated in research by the fund Senator CORNYN has in his bill we can get this resolved. Kevin Bales, who runs a fine organization and then in my safe harbor bill, which Continuing to read, this is the writ- called Free the Slaves. Numbers are difficult is also a strong bipartisan bill, to make ers talking now: to calculate in part because sex workers it clear there is a good model we can can’t be divided neatly into categories of Interviewing women like Meena over the use across the country that has been those working voluntarily and those working years has led us to change our own views on used in 15 States and others, and one involuntarily. Some commentators look at sex trafficking. Growing up in the United dozen more are working on them, prostitutes and see only sex slaves; others States and then living in China and Japan, see only entrepreneurs. But in reality there where Minnesota has been one of the we thought of prostitution as something are some in each category and many other States leading the way to view these women may turn to opportunistically or out women who inhabit a gray zone between girls as victims and not as criminals, of economic desperation. In Hong Kong, we freedom and slavery. when the average age is 12 years old, knew an Australian prostitute who slipped Sheryl into the locker room of her ‘‘men’s I will note this number—I have al- not even old enough to go to a high club’’ to meet the local girls, who were there ways tried to get the right number of school prom, not even old enough to because they saw a chance to enrich them- how many victims we are talking drive the car. selves. We certainly didn’t think of pros- about—but as I noted at the beginning Again, I welcome my colleagues to titutes as slaves, forced to do what they do, of my remarks this morning, the 27 come down and talk about this issue. I for most prostitutes in America, China, and million modern slaves includes victims am just going to keep filling in reading Japan aren’t truly enslaved. of not just sex trafficking but also this book when no one is on the floor. Yet it’s hyperbole to say that millions of I only hope that when we talk about women and girls are actually enslaved today. labor trafficking. (The biggest difference from nineteenth-cen- Back to the book. this bill and this issue, we do it with tury slavery is that many die of AIDS by An essential part of the brothel business some respect for the victims of these their late twenties.) The term that is usually model is to break the spirit of girls through crimes and the respect they deserve. used for this phenomenon, ‘‘sex trafficking,’’ humiliation, rape, threats and violence. We Technically, trafficking is often defined as is a misnomer. The problem isn’t sex, nor is met a 15-year-old Thai girl whose initiation taking someone (by force or deception) it prostitution as such. In many countries— consisted of being forced to eat dog drop- across an international border. The U.S. China, Brazil, and most of sub-Saharan Afri- pings so as to shatter her self-esteem. Once State Department has estimated that be- ca—prostitution is widespread but mostly a girl is broken and terrified, all hope of es- tween 600,000 and 800,000 people are trafficked voluntary (in the sense it is driven by eco- cape squeezed out of her, force may no longer across international borders each year, 80 nomic pressure rather than physical compul- be necessary to control her. She may smile percent of them women and girls, mostly for sion). In those places, brothels do not lock and laugh at passersby, and try to grab them sexual exploitation. Since Meena didn’t cross

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:44 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.025 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1608 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 a border, she wasn’t trafficked in the tradi- These factors explain our emphasis on sex belonged to an eleven-year-old boy.’’ I tional sense. That’s also true of most people slaves as opposed to other kinds of forced think we have an opportunity in the who are enslaved in brothels. As the U.S. labor. Anybody who has spent time in Indian Senate to be an audible voice of con- State Department notes, its estimate doesn’t brothels and also, say, at Indian brick kilns science and to move on this bill. include ‘‘millions of victims around the knows that it is better to be enslaved work- When I came to the floor today, my world who are trafficked within their own ing a kiln. Kiln workers most likely live to- national borders.’’ gether with their families, and their work job was to just manage the bill for 4 hours; then I just decided, after being Again, as I have noted, 83 percent of does not expose them to the risk of AIDS, so somewhat disgusted by all of the anger the victims in the United States are there’s always hope of escape down the road. Inside the brothel, Naina and Vivek were that I have heard in this Chamber, that from the United States, and I don’t beaten, starved, and abused. They were also maybe I would just start reading from think that is what we think of when we confused about their parentage. Naina grew this book. I had no plan to do it. I hap- first think about sex trafficking, but up calling Ainul [the brothel’s owner] Grand- pened to have it with me because I those are facts. ma, and Ainul’s son Vinod, Father. Naina have used it when I have given speech- In contrast, in the peak decade of the sometimes was told that Vinod’s wife, transatlantic slave trade, the 1780s, an aver- Pinky, was her mother; at other times she es. This isn’t an official filibuster, as I age of just under eighty thousand slaves was told her mother had died and that Pinky guess we have been asked. I am just were shipped annually across the Atlantic was her stepmother. But when Naina asked going to keep reading from the book. from Africa to the New World. The average to go to school, Vinod refused and described When my colleagues want to come then dropped to a bit more than fifty thou- the relationship in blunter terms. down, I welcome them. But I only ask sand between 1811 and 1850. In other words, ‘‘You must obey me,’’ he told Naina, ‘‘be- them one thing—if maybe they could far more women and girls are shipped into cause I am your owner.’’ just focus on the issue at hand and stop The neighbors tried to advise the children. brothels each year in the early twenty-first all of this vengeance and anger, and century than African slaves were shipped ‘‘People used to say that they could not be into slave plantations each year in the eight- my real parents, because they tortured me so then maybe we will have an oppor- eenth or nineteenth centuries—although the much,’’ Naina recalled. Occasionally, the tunity, if we stop throwing darts, to overall population was of course far smaller children heard or even saw Meena coming to get this done—and then also to confirm then. As the journal Foreign Affairs ob- the door and calling out to them. Once the next Attorney General of the served: ‘‘Whatever the exact number is, it Meena saw Naina and told her, ‘‘I am your United States, which is completely un- seems almost certain that the modern global mother.’’ related to this. slave trade is larger in absolute terms than ‘‘No,’’ Naina replied. ‘‘Pinky is my moth- So let me continue on with this the Atlantic slave trade in the eighteenth er.’’ story, as we have an 11-year-old boy in and nineteenth centuries was.’’ Vivek remembers Meena’s visits as well. ‘‘I As on slave plantations two centuries ago, used to see her being beaten up and driven the story whose voice was the only there are few practical restraints on slave away,’’ he says. ‘‘They told me that my voice of conscience. owners. In 1791, North Carolina decreed that mother was dead, but the neighbors told me ‘‘My ‘mother’ was telling me not to get killing a slave amounted to ‘‘murder,’’ and that she was my mother after all, and I saw scared, as he is a nice man,’’ Naina remem- Georgia later established that killing or her coming back to try to fight for me.’’ bered. ‘‘Then they locked me inside the room maiming a slave was legally the same as Naina and Vivek never went to a day of with the man. The man told me to lock the killing or maiming a white person. But those school, never saw a doctor, and were rarely room from the inside. I slapped him. . . . doctrines existed more on paper than on allowed out. They were assigned chores such Then that man forced me. He raped me.’’ plantations, just as Pakistani laws exist in as sweeping floors and washing clothes, and Once a customer gave Naina a tip, and she the statute books but don’t impede brothel they had only rags to wear—and no shoes, for secretly passed on the money to Vivek. They owners who choose to eliminate troublesome that might encourage them to run away. thought that perhaps Vivek could use a girls. Then, when Naina was twelve, she was pa- phone, a technology that they had no experi- While there has been progress in address- raded before an older man in a way that left ence with, to track down the mysterious ing many humanitarian issues in the last few her feeling uncomfortable. ‘‘When I asked woman who claimed to be their real mother decades, sex slavery has actually worsened. ‘Mother’ about the man,’’ Naina recalled, and seek help from her. But when Vivek One reason for that is the collapse of Com- ‘‘she beat me up and sent me to bed without tried to use the telephone, the brothel own- munism in Eastern Europe and Indochina. In dinner.’’ ers found out and both children were flogged. Romania and other countries, the immediate A couple of days later, ‘‘Mother’’ told Ainul thought that Vivek could be dis- result was economic distress, and every- Naina to bathe and took her to the market, tracted with girls, and so he was told to try where criminal gangs arose and filled the where she bought her nice clothes and a nose to have sex with the prostitutes. He was power vacuum. Capitalism created new mar- ring. ‘‘When I asked her why she was buying overwhelmed and intimidated at the kets for rice and potatoes, but also for fe- me all these things, she started scolding me. thought, and when he balked, Pinky beat male flesh. She told me that I had to listen to every- him up. Seething and fearful of what would A second reason for the growth of traf- thing the man says. She also told me, ‘Your become of his sister, Vivek decided that ficking is globalization. A generation ago, father has taken money from the man for their only hope would be for him to run away people stayed at home; now it is easier and you.’ I started crying out loudly.’’ and try to find the person who claimed to be cheaper to set out for the city or a distant Pinky told Naina to wear the clothes, but their mother. Somewhere Vivek had heard country. A Nigerian girl whose mother never the girl threw them away, crying inconsol- that the woman’s name was Meena and that left her tribal area may now find herself in a ably. Vivek was only eleven, a short boy she lived in Forbesgunge, so he fled to the brothel in Italy. In rural Moldolva, it is pos- with a meek manner. But he had inherited train station one morning and used Naina’s sible to drive from village to village and not his mother’s incomprehension of surrender. tip to buy a ticket. find a female between the ages of sixteen and So he pleaded with his ‘‘parents’’ and his ‘‘I was trembling because I thought that thirty. ‘‘grandma’’ to let his sister go, or to find a they would come after me and cut me into I believe this is one of the countries husband for her. Each appeal brought him pieces,’’ he recalled. After arriving in only another beating—administered with Forbesgunge, he asked directions to the that Senator MCCAIN visited, when I brothel district. He trudged down the road to talked to him after he came back last scorn. ‘‘You don’t earn any income,’’ ‘‘Fa- ther’’ told him mockingly, ‘‘so how do you the red-light area and then asked one pass- Easter, where he simply didn’t see the think you can look after your sister?’’ erby after another: Where is Meena? Where girls. He asked: Where are the girls? Yet Vivek found the courage to confront does she live? And they said: Well, the girls—many of his tormenters again and again, begging for Finally, after a long walk and many them have been sold into sex. So these his sister’s freedom. In a town where police missed turns, he knew he was close to her are things that are happening right officers, government officials, Hindu priests, home, and he called out: Meena! Meena! A and respectable middle-class citizens all woman came out of one little home—Vivek’s now in this world and in our own coun- lip quivered as he recounted this part of the try. averted their eyes from forced prostitution, the only audible voice of conscience belonged story—and looked him over wonderingly. A third reason for the worsening situation to an eleven-year-old boy who was battered The boy and the woman gazed at each other is AIDS. Being sold to a brothel was always each time he spoke up. His outspokenness for a long moment, and then the woman fi- a hideous fate, but not usually a death sen- gained him nothing, though. Vinod and nally said in astonishment: ‘‘Are you tence. Now it often is. And because of the Pinky locked him up, forced Naina into the Vivek?’’ fear of AIDS, customers prefer younger girls new clothes, and the girl’s career as a pros- The reunion was sublime. It was a blessed whom they believe are less likely to be in- titute began. few weeks of giddy, unadulterated joy, the fected. In both Asia and Africa, there is also first happiness that Vivek had known in his a legend that AIDS can be cured by sex with So I think that is a pretty good place life. Meena is a warm and emotional woman, a virgin, and that has nurtured demand for to break for a minute as we talk about and Vivek was thrilled to feel a mother’s young girls kidnapped from their villages. ‘‘the only audible voice of conscience love for the first time. Yet now that Meena

VerDate Sep 11 2014 00:15 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.026 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1609 had news about Naina, her doggedness came India will not be free, A starting point is to be brutally realistic to the surface again: She was determined to Until its women are free. about the complexities of achieving change. recover her daughter. What about the girls in this country? To be blunt, humanitarians sometimes exag- ‘‘I gave birth to her, and so I can never for- If girls are insulted and abused and enslaved gerate and oversell, eliding pitfalls. They get her,’’ Meena said. ‘‘I must fight for her as in this country, sometimes torture frail data until it yields long as I breathe. Every day without Naina Put your hand on your heart and ask, the demanded ‘‘proof’’ of success. Partly this feels like a year.’’ Is this country truly independent? is because the causes are worthy and inspir- Meena had noticed that Apne Aap Women The next part of the chapter: ‘‘Fight- ing; those who study education for girls, for Worldwide, an organization that fights sex ing Slavery from Seattle.’’ This is a example, naturally believe in it. As we’ll see, slavery in India, had opened an office in book, ‘‘Half the Sky,’’ by Nicholas the result is that the research isn’t often Forbesgunge. Apne Aap is based in Kolkata, conducted with the same rigor as is found in, the city formerly known as Calcutta, but its Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn. It is about say, examinations of the effectiveness of founder—a determined former journalist sex trafficking, and I am reading it, toothpaste. Aid groups are also reluctant to named Ruchira Gupta—grew up partly in one, because it is a really good book acknowledge mistakes, partly because frank Forbesgunge. Other aid groups are reluctant and so people understand the issue, discussion of blunders is an impediment in to work in rural Bihar because of the wide- two, so people will refocus on why we soliciting contributions. spread criminality, but Ruchira knew the have these bills on the floor and work The reality is that past efforts to as- area and thought it was worth the risk to together. We all know some potential sist girls have sometimes backfired. In open a branch office. One of the first people ways to resolve this on both sides of 1993, Senator Tom Harkin wanted to to drop in was Meena. ‘‘Please, please,’’ Meena begged Ruchira, ‘‘help me get my the aisle so we can pass this bill and re- help Bangladeshi girls laboring in daughter back!’’ solve this Hyde amendment provision sweatshops, so he introduced legisla- There had never been a police raid on a which should not be on this bill. But tion that would ban imports made by brothel in Bihar State, as far as anyone there are ways to resolve this, and we workers under the age of fourteen. knew, but Ruchira decided that this could be know what they are, and then, also, Bangladeshi factories promptly fired the first. While Ainul Bibi’s brothel had hopefully, pass my safe harbor bill tens of thousands of young girls, and warm ties with the local police, Ruchira had which was the bill that in addition to many of them ended up in brothels and strong connections with national police offi- Senator CORNYN’s bill passed through are presumably now dead of AIDS. cials. And Ruchira can be every bit as in- timidating as any brothel owner. our Committee on the Judiciary unani- Again, I am reading from the book So Apne Aap harangued the local police mously. Every single person voted for ‘‘Half the Sky,’’ by Nicholas Kristof into raiding the brothel to rescue Naina. The it. It is slated to be the first amend- and Sheryl WuDunn, which is a great police burst in, found Naina, and took her to ment vote on this bill, and it estab- book about sex trafficking in order to the police station. But the girl had been so lishes safe harbor incentives so that refocus this Chamber on what we drugged and broken that at the station she other States will do what Minnesota should be doing, which is getting these looked at Meena and declared numbly: ‘‘I’m and about 15 States have done, which is bills done and coming up with a way to not your daughter.’’ Meena was shattered. not to consider these victims as crimi- resolve timeworn disputes which we Naina explained later that she had felt alone and terrified, partly because Ainul Bibi nals but to consider them as victims. somehow have been able do with other had told her that Vivek had died. But after Then not only do we help these girls so bills. an hour in the police station, Naina began to they have a chance of turning their I am trying to make the case here realize that maybe she could escape the lives around but also so that we actu- that these girls, as reflected in some of brothel, and she finally whispered, ‘‘Yes, ally make better criminal cases. these stories, are just as important as you’re my mother.’’ I know as a former prosecutor, run- some of the other work that we do in So Apne Aap whisked Naina off to a hos- ning an office of 400 people for 8 years— the Senate and deserve our greatest ef- pital in Kolkata, where she was treated for seeing some of these major cases come forts. severe injuries and a morphine addiction. Yet many forms of assistance—particu- The brothel had drugged Naina constantly to in our doors—the best way to make larly in health and education—have an excel- render her compliant, and the morphine these cases, if you have victims who lent record. Consider the work of Frank Gri- withdrawal was brutal to watch. In feel that they are protected, who feel jalva, the principal of the Overlake School in Forbesgunge, life became more difficult and they have another life they can lead, Redmond, Washington, a fine private school dangerous for Meena and her family. Some of who feel they can do something with with 450 students in grades five through the brothel owners there are related to Ainul their lives between going back to their twelve. Annual tuition hovers around $22,000, and Manooj, and they were furious at Meena. pimp and going back to the person who and most of the kids are raised in a sheltered Even those in the Nutt community who has beaten them up and gotten them upper-middle class environment. Grijalva didn’t like prostitution disapproved of the was looking for a way to teach his students police raid, and so the townspeople shunned hooked on drugs, is by doing something like that. So those are two worthy bills about how the other half lives. Apne Aap’s school and shelter. Meena and ‘‘It became clear that we, as a very privi- her children were stigmatized, and a young that are on the floor. Again, my colleagues are welcome to leged community, needed to be a bigger, man working with Apne Aap was stabbed. more positive force in the world,’’ Grijalva Threats were made against Meena’s two come down here and join me. I think it recalled. Frank heard about Bernard Krisher, daughters with Kuduz. Yet Meena was serene would be nice for a change if people fo- a former Newsweek correspondent who was as she walked about the streets. She laughed cused on the issue at hand instead of a so appalled by poverty in Cambodia that he at the idea that she should feel cowed. partisan fight that has been going on, formed an aid group, American Assistance ‘‘They think that good is bad,’’ she scoffed, because I think this institution is bet- for Cambodia. Rescuing girls from brothels is speaking of the local villagers. ‘‘They may important, Krisher believes, but the best not speak to me, but I know what is right ter than what we have seen in the last week. way to save them is to prevent them from and I will stick to it. I will never accept being trafficked in the first place—which prostitution of myself or my children as long The next part of the chapter: ‘‘Fight- ing Slavery from Seattle.’’ means keeping them in school. So American as I breathe.’’ Meena is working as a commu- Assistance for Cambodia focuses on edu- nity organizer in Forbesgunge, trying to dis- People always ask how they can help. cating rural children, especially girls. Bernie courage parents from prostituting their Given concerns about corruption, waste, and Krisher’s signature program is the Rural daughters and urging them to educate their mismanagement, how can one actually help School Project. For $13,000, a donor can es- sons and daughters alike. Over time the re- women like Meena and defeat modern slav- tablish a school in a Cambodian village. The sentment against her has diminished a bit, ery? Is there anything an ordinary person donation is matched by funds from the World but she is still seen as pushy and unfeminine. can do? Bank and again by the Asian Development Apne Aap later started a boarding school That is a good question. I finally de- Bank. in Bihar, partly with donations from Amer- cided to start reading this book be- Grijalva had a brainstorm. His students ican supporters, and Meena’s children were cause I was sick of what was going on could sponsor a school in Cambodia and use placed there. The school has a guard and is it as a way of emphasizing the importance of a much safer place for them. Naina now stud- here. I think ordinary people around the country can do something about public service. Initially the response from ies at that boarding school and hopes to be- students and parents was polite but cautious, come a teacher, and in particular to help dis- sex slavery by supporting strong laws but then the attacks of 9/11 took place, and advantaged children. and making sure Congress gets its job suddenly the community was passionately One afternoon, Meena was singing to her done but also doing work on their local concerned with the larger world and engaged two young daughters, teaching them a song. and State level. in this project. The students conducted bake This is how it went: The authors say: sales, car washes, and talent shows, and also

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:22 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.027 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1610 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 educated themselves about Cambodia’s his- fect bribes families to keep girls in school. If viously I don’t mind if my colleagues tory of war and genocide. The school was a girl has perfect attendance in school for come down. I would like them to come built in Pailin, a Cambodian town on the one month, her family gets $10. A similar ap- down and talk about this important Thai border that is notorious for cheap proach has been used very effectively and brothels that cater to Thai men. cheaply to increase education for girls in topic. But I will point out that at least In February 2003, the school construction Mexico and other countries. Kun Sokkea’s when it comes to this issue of sex traf- was completed, and Grijalva led a delegation family is now getting the stipend. For donors ficking, we can stop going back and of nineteen students from Overlake School who can’t afford to fund an entire school, it’s forth on who is to blame and who knew to Cambodia for the opening. A cynic might a way to fight trafficking at a cost of $120 what when and what people did wrong say that the money for the visit would have per year per girl. The approach helps because and instead just focus on resolving this been better spent on building another Cam- it is typically girls like Kun Sokkea who end issue and getting a bill passed and cer- bodian school, but in fact that visit was an up trafficked. Their families are desperate essential field trip and a learning oppor- for money, the girls are poorly educated, and tainly not attaching it to the Attorney tunity for those American students. They a trafficker promises them a great job sell- General of the United States. lugged along boxes of school supplies, but as ing fruit in a distant city. I will say that it is attached to the they approached Pailin by car, they realized Kun Sokkea showed us her home, a Attorney General in one way, and that that Cambodia’s needs were greater than rickety shack built on stilts—to guard is when it comes to Federal sex traf- they ever could have imagined. The dirt-and- against flooding and vermin—in a field ficking cases. Most of these cases are gravel road to Pailin was so deeply rutted on the local level, county level, State that it was barely passable, and they saw a near the school. The house has no elec- bulldozer overturned beside a crater—it had tricity, and her possessions were in one level, the DA’s office, but there are hit a land mine. small bag. She never has to worry cases that are handled federally. I When the Americans reached the Cam- about choosing what to wear: She has know from talking to the nominated bodian school, they saw a sign declaring it just one shirt, and no shoes other than Attorney General, Loretta Lynch, that the OVERLAKE SCHOOL in English and a pair of flip-flops. Kun Sokkea has she cares very much about these cases. Kmer script. At the ribbon cutting, the It would be good to have her in place so Americans were welcomed by a sea of excited never been to a dentist and to a doctor Cambodians—led by a principal who was only once, and she gets the family’s we can start working on this national missing a leg, a land-mine victim himself. drinking water from the nearby creek. sex trafficking strategy. So in that Cambodian men then had an average of only That’s the same creek in which Kun way they are connected, but they cer- 2.6 years of education, and Cambodian Sokkea washes the family clothes (she tainly are not connected, in my mind, women averaged just 1.7 years, so a new borrows someone else’s shirt to wear procedurally. school was appreciated in a way the Ameri- when she has to wash her own). She I know some of my colleagues have cans could barely fathom. addressed this. I have spoken out for The school dedication—and the full week shares a mattress on the floor with her in Cambodia—left an indelible impression on brother, as three other family members her several times. Not everyone knows the American students. So Overlake students sleep a few feet way. Kun Sokkea has about Loretta Lynch’s background. Lo- and parents decided to forge an ongoing rela- never touched a phone, ridden in a car, retta Lynch is someone who grew up in tionship with its namesake in Cambodia. The or had a soft drink; when she was asked a neighborhood—her family didn’t have Americans funded an English teacher at the if she ever drank milk, she looked con- a lot of money. Her dad was a pastor at school and arranged for an Internet connec- fused and said as a baby she had drunk the church. tion for e-mail. They built a playground and her mother’s milk. When she was in elementary school, sent books. Then, in 2006, the American Yet one thing Kun Sokkea has beside her she took a test and did really well on school decided to send delegations annually, bed is a photo of the American Overlake stu- that test. The teacher came to her and dispatching students and teachers during dents on their campus. In the evenings be- spring vacation to teach English and arts to said: You know what, we don’t really fore she goes to sleep, she sometimes picks the Cambodian pupils. And in 2007, the group know if that was really you who took up the photo and studies the smiling families decided to assist a school in Ghana as well, that test or if that was really your and neat lawns and modern buildings. In her score. So she took the test again, and and to send a delegation there. own shack, with her mother sick and often ‘‘This project is simply the most crying, her siblings hungry, it is a window she scored even higher the second time. meaningful and worthwhile initiative into a magical land where people have plenty When Loretta Lynch graduated from that I have undertaken in my thirty- to eat and get cured when they fall ill. In high school, she was actually the val- six years in education,’’ Frank Grijalva such a place, she thinks, everybody must be edictorian. The principal of that school said. The Overlake School in Cambodia happy all the time. came up to Loretta Lynch and said: is indeed an extraordinary place. A For one thing, we know that is not You know what, it is a bit controver- bridge has washed out, so you have to quite true in our country. As we know, sial to have you as our valedictorian, walk across a stream to reach it, but it we have these same crimes occurring in so you will have to share it with a looks nothing like the dilapidated our country every single day. Every White student. That happened to Lo- buildings that you see in much of the single day, we have thousands of girls retta Lynn, and she just waited it out, developing world. There are 270 stu- who are victims of sex trafficking. We and that is what she is going to do with dents, ranging in age from six to fif- had it happen in Minnesota. We have this Chamber. She is going wait it out, teen. The English teacher is university had it happen across the country. We and in the end she will be confirmed as educated and speaks good English. have it happen when some girls are the next Attorney General. Most stunning of all, when we dropped brought in from other countries. We Why is this relevant? Because some by, the sixth graders were busy sending know it is going on every day in our of our friends on the other side of the e-mails from their Yahoo accounts—to own Nation. We have an opportunity to aisle are attaching it to the sex traf- the kids at Overlake School in Amer- do something about it, to tell the rest ficking issue, and I don’t think it ica. of the world that this place is a place should be attached to the sex traf- One of those writing an e-mail was Kun where good things get done. But some- ficking issue. I think we should get her Sokkea, a thirteen-year-old girl who would how we have gotten bogged down in a confirmed. soon be the first in her family ever to grad- political game again with blame going But most importantly and the reason uate from elementary school. Her father had back and forth and back and forth, and I am here on the floor reading from died of AIDS, and her mother was sick with I just don’t think that is dignified for this book is just to say, can we just the same disease and needed to be nursed the Senate. stop going back and forth and the constantly. Kun Sokkea is rail-thin, a bit While we can battle it out—and we vengeance and get this bill done? gangly, with long, stringy black hair. She is From the very beginning, Senator reserved, and her shoulders sag with the bur- should—on issues such as the budget dens of poverty. and on issues where we don’t have an CORNYN and I have worked on my bill, ‘‘My mom encourages me to stay in school, agreement when it comes to our coun- the safe harbor bill—which is not the but sometimes I think I should go out and try’s international affairs, this is an bill on the floor—together. While I was earn money,’’ Kun Sokkea explained. ‘‘I have issue on which we actually agree, but not involved in the beginning of the no dad to support Mom, so maybe I should somehow we found a way to not agree, drafting of his bill, I believe that idea provide for her. In one day, I could earn sev- and I think we need to find our way of helping victims in some way with enty baht, [a bit more than two dollars] cut- some kind of funding with shelters is a ting hay or planting corn.’’ back. That is why I am going to con- To address these financial pressures, Amer- tinue to read from this book. really good idea as well. ican Assistance for Cambodia started a pro- Someone asked me if this is a fili- I hope we can resolve the issue on his gram called Girls Be Ambitious, which in ef- buster. It is not a filibuster because ob- bill, the Hyde amendment provision,

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:22 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.030 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1611 and that we can then go on to pass my now Boko Haram said they sold many and this person knew about this, and bill as the amendment. As we know, of those children into sex slavery. this person didn’t know about that. there is significant support in the This should not be happening, but it That is what has been going on over House for these bills, and they are very is going on right now—and not just this past week, and we are better than important bills. internationally. It is going on every- that. People keep backstabbing and I will continue with the book: where in this country, and that is why going after each other, but personally I Kun Sokkea and her family are not the it is important. It is important not just have had it. So if anyone wants to join only beneficiaries. The Americans them- for the victims in America, it is also me here—I know the women in the selves have been transformed as much as the important because of the victims inter- Senate have always worked together— Cambodians. And that is something you see nationally. We have an opportunity in and at least talk about this issue in- routinely: Aid projects have a mixed record this country to actually stand up and stead of simply fighting with each in helping people abroad, but a superb record say: We want to be a leader on this other, I think we would really improve in inspiring and educating the donors. Some- times the lessons are confusing, as Overlake internationally. We are going to cast our chances of getting it done. found when it tried to help Kun Sokkea get this dysfunction aside and actually get ‘‘But many of the Nepali girls being traf- to middle school after graduating from ele- this done and show the world we can be ficked are good girls, too.’’ mentary school. She needed transport be- a leader when it comes to elevating ‘‘Oh, yes, but those are peasant girls. They cause the middle school was far away, and girls and young women, when it comes can’t even read. They’re from the country- young men in the area often harassed girls to holding up half the sky. side. The good Indian middle-class girls are on their way to school. safe.’’ Chapter 2, ‘‘Prohibition and Prostitu- Nick, who had been gritting his teeth, of- So, at the teacher’s suggestion, Overlake tion.’’ It starts with a quote by Abra- bought Kun Sokkea a bicycle, and for several fered an explosive suggestion: ‘‘I’ve got it! months that worked very well. Then an older ham Lincoln: You know, in the United States we have a lot woman, a neighbor, asked to borrow Kun Although volume upon volume is written of problems with harmony in society. So we Sokkea’s bicycle; the girl felt she couldn’t to prove slavery a good thing, we never hear should start kidnapping Indian middle-class say no to an older person. The woman then of the man who wishes to take the good of it, girls and forcing them to work in brothels in sold the bicycle and kept the money she re- by being a slave himself. the United States! Then young American ceived for it. Frank Grijalva and the Amer- After visiting Meena Hasina and Ruchira men could have fun, too, don’t you think? ican students were beside themselves, but Gupta in Bihar, Nick crossed from India into That would improve our harmony in soci- they learned an important lesson about how Nepal at a border village with stalls selling ety!’’ defeating poverty is more difficult than it clothing, snacks, and more sinister wares. There was an ominous silence, but finally seems at first. The Americans decided they That border crossing is the one through the police officer roared with laughter. couldn’t just buy Kun Sokkea another bicy- which thousands of Nepali girls are traf- ‘‘You are joking!’’ the officer said beaming. cle, so the girl returned to walking an hour ficked into India on their way to the broth- ‘‘That’s very funny!’’ each way to school and back. Perhaps in part els of Kolkata. There they are valued for Nick gave up. because of the distance involved and the their light skin, good looks, docility, and in- People get away with enslaving village risks of getting to school, Kun Sokkea began ability to speak the local language. As Nick girls for the same reason that people got to miss a fair number of days. Her grades filled out some required paperwork at the away with enslaving blacks 200 years ago: suffered. In early 2009, she dropped out of border post, Nepalis streamed into India, The victims are perceived as discounted hu- school. without filling out a form. mans. India had delegated an intelligence of- America’s schools rarely convey much un- While sitting in the border shack, Nick ficer to look for pirated goods because it derstanding of the 2.7 billion people (40 per- began talking to one Indian officer who knew that the United States cares about in- cent of the world’s population) who today spoke excellent English. The man said he tellectual property. When India feels that live on less than $2 a day. So while the pri- had been dispatched by the intelligence bu- the West cares as much about slavery as it mary purpose of a new movement on behalf reau to monitor the border. does about pirated DVDs, it will dispatch of women is to stop slavery and honor ‘‘So what exactly are you monitoring?’’ people to the borders to stop traffickers. killings, another is to expose young Ameri- Nick asked. The tools to crush modern slavery exist, cans to life abroad so that they, too, can ‘‘We’re looking for terrorists, or terror but the political will is lacking. That must learn and grow and blossom—and then con- supplies,’’ said the man, who wasn’t moni- be the starting point of any abolitionist tinue to tackle the problems as adults. toring anything very closely, since one truck movement. We’re not arguing that West- ‘‘After going to Cambodia, my plans for after another was driving past. ‘‘After 9/11, erners should take up this cause because it is the future have changed,’’ said Natalie we’ve tightened things up here. And we’re the fault of the West; Western men do not Hammerquist, a seventeen-year-old at also looking for smuggled or pirated goods. If play a central role in prostitution in most Overlake who regularly e-mails two Cam- we find them, we will confiscate them.’’ poor countries. True, American and Euro- bodian students. ‘‘This year I’m taking three ‘‘What about trafficked girls?’’ Nick asked. pean sex tourists are part of the problem in foreign languages, and I plan on picking up ‘‘Are you keeping an eye out for them? There Thailand, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and more in college.’’ must be a lot.’’ Belize, but they are still only a small per- Natalie’s Cambodian girlfriend wants to be ‘‘Oh, a lot. But we don’t worry about them. centage of the johns. The vast majority are a doctor but can’t afford to go to university. There’s nothing that we can do about them.’’ local men. Moreover, Western men usually That grates on Natalie: A girl just like me ‘‘Well, you could arrest the traffickers. go with girls who are more or less voluntary has to abandon her dreams because they’re Isn’t trafficking girls as important as prostitutes, because they want to take the unaffordable. Now Natalie plans on a career pirating DVDs?’’ girls back to their hotel rooms, while forced empowering young people around the world: The intelligence officer laughed genially prostitutes are not normally allowed out of ‘‘All anyone should do is to use their gifts in and threw up his hands. ‘‘Prostitution is in- the brothels. So this is not a case where we what way they can, and this is how I can use evitable.’’ He chuckled. ‘‘There has always in the West have a responsibility to lead be- mine. That is the weight of how valuable see- been prostitution in every country. And cause we are the source of the problem. ing Cambodia was for me.’’ what’s a young man going to do from the Rather, we single out the West because even though we are peripheral to the slavery, our This is now chapter 2 of Nicholas time he turns eighteen until he gets married at thirty?’’ action is necessary to overcome a horrific Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn’s book ‘‘Well, is the best solution really to kidnap evil. ‘‘Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Nepali girls and imprison them in Indian One reason the modern abolitionist move- Opportunity for Women Worldwide.’’ brothels?’’ ment has not been more effective is the divi- And I noted that really most of the The officer shrugged, unperturbed. ‘‘These sive politics of prostitution. In the 1990s, the book is about sex trafficking and pros- girls are sacrificed so we can have harmony American left and right collaborated and titution and why this is such a major in society. So that good girls can be safe.’’ achieved the Trafficking Victims Protection problem worldwide. It is unfortunate. I hope that is not Act of 2000, which was a milestone in raising awareness of international trafficking in the Look at what happened that night what we are going to be saying in this global agenda. The anti-trafficking move- when those girls were doing nothing body—from the Senate to the rest of ment then was unusually bipartisan, strong- but learning at a school and Boko the world and to trafficked girls and to ly backed by some liberal Democrats, such Haram came in and broke into that those groups who are advocating so as the late senator Paul Wellstone, and by school and took those girls away. Their hard, especially over the last 2 years, some conservative Republicans, such as Sen- parents had nothing but motorcycles in trying to get this done. I hope we ator Sam Brownback. and bicycles and bows and arrows to will not say: It is unfortunate. We were I do want to pause from this book for try to chase them. They were never not able to resolve this. These are a second to note that when I was at the able to get their daughters back, and major fights, and this person did this, McCain Institute out in Arizona, Cindy

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:19 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.031 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 McCain and HEIDI HEITKAMP and I the bill I am carrying, the safe harbor fers nonjudgmentally to ‘‘sex workers’’ and spoke about this issue to all of those bill that ERIK PAULSEN is carrying in tends to be tolerant of transactions among gathered. At the end, a guy came up to the House. So we can see this work has consenting adults. The right . . . refers to me and said that he was with the State continued. Some of the people are the ‘‘prostitutes’’ or ‘‘prostituted women’’. Department under a Republican admin- same, but somehow back then, we were Do my colleagues know what is so in- istration, and he talked to me about able to reach some kind of an agree- teresting about this—let me see when how when Paul Wellstone died, they ment, and this was treated as a serious this book was written: 2009. So even put forward some kind of a scholarship issue and a serious bill which we need since that time, what is sort of a cool in his honor for students who wanted to do. thing is that we have gotten some to work in the area of combating sex They go on to talk about who else agreement now on the fact that when trafficking and trying to eliminate sex worked on this. we see a Republican House of Rep- trafficking. They say: resentatives being able to pass the safe It was at that moment last spring . . . Paul Wellstone, Sam Brownback, Hil- harbor bill—the bill I wrote in the Sen- that I actually found out that Paul lary Rodham Clinton, Carolyn Maloney, a ate, the bill that is not yet on the Wellstone, the Senator from Min- Democratic Congresswoman from New York. floor, to make clear, but the bill that nesota, whom we miss so dearly, who Likewise, one of George W. Bush’s few posi- would be considered as the first amend- died in that tragic plane crash, had tive international legacies was a big push ment—we have gotten some agreement taken on this issue. He had taken on so against trafficking. Vital Voices and other here in these two Houses that these liberal groups were stalwart on sex traf- younger victims are, in fact, victims. I many other issues, speaking for the ficking, as were International Justice Mis- voiceless, from mental health to do- sion, and other conservative evangelical think that is really important for our mestic violence, that I did not know— groups. Yet, while the left and the right each country to hear that. Because when we and I think this shows how sometimes do important work fighting trafficking, they do things such as that—such as when this issue gets second shrift—that he mostly do it separately. The abolitionist we pass the Violence Against Women was such a hero when it came to sex movement would be far more effective if it Act, it changes the whole way people trafficking. forged unity in its own rank. think about these crimes. Who is com- I think part of that was Paul always Now we get back to something I al- mitting the crime? It is the people run- believed that there were a lot of causes ways remember MIKE ENZI talking ning the ring. It is the johns. It is not around this building that had people about, about how we can have disagree- the victims. advocating for them, that keep people ment on something like 20 percent of So I think that is why as we move busy at meetings all day or that they the things, but we have agreement on forward, trying to get these bills get called up for that are so important, 80 percent. Maybe that is what we have passed, it is so important beyond the but, in fact, those who can’t afford that to remember with this bill. We know immediate bills. kind of help—the victims of domestic how Senator ENZI always worked well OK. So they are talking about this violence or those with mental illness or with Ted Kennedy, as did Senator debate. I don’t think we should dwell victims of sex trafficking—they don’t HATCH, even with how different they on debate. We have had enough of them have a lot of lobbyists coming over were politically. But they were able to in this Chamber, but that is what this here to meet with people and they need find some common ground. part of the book is about. someone to stand up for them, and Certainly this bill should not be de- They continue: they should not be forgotten or dis- volving into a fight over abortion. What policy should we pursue to try to missed or marginalized in becoming a There is so much we agree on in this eliminate that slavery? Originally, we sym- political football, that maybe they bill. There is also so much we agree on pathized with the view that a prohibition need someone advocating on their be- in the safe harbor bill which doesn’t won’t work any better in prostitution today contain the Hyde provision. than it did against alcohol in America in the half. 1920s. Instead of trying fruitlessly to ban The other thing about Paul is he al- So this idea that we are going back prostitution, we believed it would be pref- ways embraced that immigrant experi- and forth and dwelling on whose fault erable to legalize and regulate it. That prag- ence. He believed that no matter where this was and how it happened—frankly, matic ‘‘harm reduction’’ model is preferred one comes from in this country, or no I think: Enough. I think we need to re- by many aid groups because it allows aid matter what one’s roots were, they solve this. I know there are ways to re- workers to pass out condoms and it permits should be able to rise up. He also be- solve this. I hope that is continuing to access to brothels so that they can be more lieved that everyone should be treated go on today. We have a lot of things, in easily checked for underage girls. addition to passing this bill, we need to Over time, we’ve changed our minds. That with dignity. legalize-and-regulate model simply hasn’t I will never forget when I first came get done. We need to get the vote on worked very well in countries where pros- to the Senate, Darrell, the train driver the next Attorney General of the titution is often coerced. who recently retired, came up to me United States. We have a major budget This is a change. I think we remem- and I told him I am a Senator from that we need to get done. The budget ber back decades ago where people Minnesota, and all he said was, ‘‘Paul needs to be approved. I am looking at were talking about legalizing prostitu- Wellstone,’’ because he remembered our staff and I know they are looking tion. I think what we have realized, him. Whether it was the cops at the forward to one of those nights where those of us who have worked as pros- front desk or the secretaries, they re- we are going until 3 or 4 in the morn- ecutors, is that so often prostitution is member Paul. So it is no surprise that ing. Maybe we wouldn’t have to do that not consensual. So often there are rea- Paul Wellstone, along with conserv- if we could stop these kinds of fights. sons—either the pimp is keeping some- This is kind of a practical argument ative Republican Sam Brownback, ac- one hooked on drugs to keep someone for getting this done, I know that, but tually took this issue on. being a prostitute or they are threat- one has to be slightly practical as we In this book, ‘‘Half the Sky,’’ Nich- ening their lives or threatening their look at the fights before us on impor- olas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn con- family lives—and this is something tant matters that we need to resolve. tinue talking about who worked on that we don’t want to have be legal. this when people were actually work- One of the fights shouldn’t be this. I am going to finish this paragraph, ing together. They say: This is a fight against evil. This is a and then I see we have been joined by Hillary Rodham Clinton was also a leader fight against those who are trafficking the great Senator from New Jersey on this issue, and no one has been a greater in little girls. It shouldn’t be a fight who I am really happy has come so I champion than Carolyn Maloney, a Demo- across the aisle. cratic Congresswoman from New York. can sit down and drink some water. The authors talk about the groups It continues: In fact, Congresswoman MALONEY, in that have worked on it and how we That legalize-and-regulate model simply conjunction with Congressman POE, a would be more effective if we forged hasn’t worked very well in countries where Republican Congressman, are spon- unity. prostitution is often coerced. Partly, that is soring a bill that is not exactly the They continue: because governance is often poor so the regu- same as Senator CORNYN’s bill, but One reason for discord is a dispute about lation is ineffective, and partly it is because similar. They are also cosponsors of how to regard prostitution. The left often re- the legal brothels tend to attract a parallel

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:19 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.032 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1613 illegal business in young girls and forced wait; more than twice as long for At- achieved the American dream despite prostitution. In contrast, there’s empirical torneys General John Ashcroft and Mi- the early obstacles she faced. Once, evidence that crackdowns can succeed, when chael Mukasey; and 24 days longer than while a student at a predominantly combined with social services such as job re- Alberto Gonzalez. She waited 27 days White elementary school, her standard- training and drug rehabilitation, and that is the approach we have come to favor. In coun- for a committee vote after her hearing, ized test scores were so high that the tries with widespread trafficking, we favor a again longer than any of George Bush’s disbelieving school demanded she re- law enforcement strategy that pushes for nominees to be Attorney General. Now take her test. The great thing about fundamental change in police attitudes and her nomination has lingered on the that story is she retook the test and regular police inspections to check for un- Senate floor without a vote for 20 days, got a higher score. On one other occa- derage girls or anyone being held against which is again longer than the wait for sion, she was named the valedictorian their will. That means holding governments any of the last five Attorneys General of her high school class which was a accountable not just to pass laws but also to combined. Her historic nomination has predominantly White high school, but enforce them, and monitoring how many brothels are raided and pimps are arrested. now been pending in the Senate for the White administrators in the school Jail-like brothels should be closed down, more than 130 days since the President did not think it was appropriate to sting operations should be mounted against first nominated her. I have not heard a have a Black girl as the top student, so buyers of virgin girls, and national police single good reason germane to her they asked her to share that honor chiefs must be under pressure to crack down qualifications, to her values, to her with a White student, and she did so on corruption as it relates to trafficking. views, and to the kind of service she with dignity and grace. The idea is to reduce the brothel owners’ has rendered or will render, as to why She would go on to earn an Ivy profit. she should not be promptly confirmed. League education, climb the highest With that, I will take a pause from She comes before the Senate having ladders of her profession, and stand this book. I will say that Senator been twice appointed by two different today nominated by the President of BOOKER has done not only an amazing Presidents and twice unanimously con- the United States of America, and job as a Senator, but he also knows a firmed by this very body, to be a U.S. when confirmed by the Senate, she will little bit about being a mayor. He attorney. She has been a career Fed- be our 83rd Attorney General. Only in knows the struggle of poverty and also eral prosecutor for almost a decade, a this great Nation can a story such as understands that to govern, we have to partner at a prestigious law firm, and this be possible, can a story such as have a change of tone. I have always led one of the finest Federal pros- this be told. appreciated the work he has done ecuting offices in the country, the Today, we continue our efforts. All of across the aisle and the tone he brings Eastern District of New York. us—Republicans and Democrats—in to the Senate. We are really trying to Her nomination has the support of this body are committed to building a push today as we try to come together dozens of law enforcement organiza- more perfect Union. I know this con- to work on this bill. tions, civil rights organizations, and firmation will inspire people all across I yield the floor. outspoken citizens from across the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. our country—people who may have lost country. their faith in law enforcement or in our PERDUE). The Senator from New Jer- So, again, I wonder why are we here government’s ability to get things sey. today still waiting? Why does this Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, I thank done, to know that despite the odds or President’s exceptionally well-qualified challenges, we are still a great nation, my colleague for those incredibly gen- nominee deserve such unfair treat- erous words. I recognize the Presiding that we are devoted to overcoming our ment? challenges. Officer, Senator PERDUE. I am grateful Attorneys General are important be- We celebrate someone who has bro- to be able to serve with him, and it is cause they lead the Department that ken glass ceilings, who has broken bar- great seeing him in the captain’s chair, keeps us safe and secure and protects rier after barrier, and now as a quali- to use my ‘‘Star Trek’’ parlance. I am our rights. From securing the right to fied candidate will hopefully soon as- happy to have the chance to formally vote to combating the violence of orga- cend to this position. It is a reaffirma- welcome the Senator from Georgia to nized crime, to bringing terrorists to tion of the American dream. the Senate. It is good to serve with him justice, this position is too important While history is important, I don’t as well. for any kind of political games and for want to overshadow those qualifica- LYNCH NOMINATION any kind of delay. Mr. President, I am honored to stand Seventy-five years ago, another At- tions. I want to reiterate them. on the Senate floor to express my torney General, Robert H. Jackson, She is a well-qualified nominee. She strong support for the historic nomina- spoke eloquently about the qualities of graduated with Harvard College and tion of Loretta Lynch to be the Attor- a good Federal prosecutor and hence a Harvard Law School degrees, and went ney General of the United States. Our good Attorney General, when he said: on to gain exceptional experience as a Nation is fortunate to have Ms. Lynch ‘‘The citizen’s safety lies in the pros- prosecutor and as a manager. As U.S. as the nominee for Attorney General. ecutor who tempers zeal with human Attorney for the Eastern District of She is seasoned, competent, wise, ex- kindness, who seeks truth and not vic- New York, she led one of the Nation’s traordinarily dedicated, and has al- tims, who serves the law and not fac- most challenging prosecutorial offices. ready served this Nation for many tional purposes, and who approaches I know this. I live right across the years, receiving accolades from across her task with humility.’’ river from where she works. Her tough the country. She is historic in and of This is the type of prosecutor Ms. approach to fighting crime became al- herself and exceptionally well quali- Lynch has always been and the type of most legendary. She won acclaim fied. I wish to tell everyone a little bit Attorney General she will be. throughout our metropolitan region as more about her. This appointment is historic. Once well as in the law enforcement commu- First, though, I want to ask—and confirmed, Ms. Lynch will be the first nity. this should not be necessary, but I Black woman to serve in the Nation’s In that office she established a record want to ask: Why do we almost have a highest law enforcement position. She that would make any prosecutor proud. double standard for Ms. Lynch’s nomi- will be only the second woman and sec- She led an office that had the tenacity nation? She is the first African-Amer- ond African American to be Attorney to take on violent criminals, to con- ican woman appointed to head the De- General. Her story is our story. It is an front political corruption, and to dis- partment of Justice. She has had her American story. It reflects a long his- rupt organized crime. nomination pending on the Senate tory of our Nation, the distance we At a time when the Senate is consid- floor longer than any nominee for At- have traveled as a country. ering legislation to combat human torney General going back three dec- It is a story of a Black woman who trafficking, we need an Attorney Gen- ades. Ms. Lynch has had to wait 81 days grew up in the Jim Crow South, the eral who will vigorously, for a hearing in committee—longer daughter of a fourth-generation min- unapologetically, and courageously than any of President George W. Bush’s ister and segregation-fighting mother prosecute traffickers. Ms. Lynch has nominees for Attorney General had to who overcame discrimination and been a leader on that very issue. Her

VerDate Sep 11 2014 02:01 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.033 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1614 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 office prosecuted over 100 child exploi- body can do when we all work together Further, if present and voting, the tation cases and brutal global traf- and put petty partisan politics aside Senator from Tennessee (Mr. ALEX- ficking cases. Her office tried more ter- and stand up for something far more ANDER) would have voted ‘‘yea.’’ rorism cases since 9/11 than any other important, which is the work to make Mr. DURBIN. I announce that the office in the country. this country a more perfect Union. Senator from Ohio (Mr. BROWN) is nec- I was impressed when she first came We can do that together, all of us in essarily absent. to my office. She was candid, straight- the Senate, by confirming Ms. Lynch The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there forward, and down to earth. What is who will use that post to do the very any other Senators in the Chamber de- clear from Ms. Lynch’s record is not same. siring to vote? just that she is a tough prosecutor but Mr. President, I yield the floor. The yeas and nays resulted—yeas 57, that she is a leader with a vision and Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I nays 41, as follows: the right values to be Attorney Gen- wholeheartedly echo the passionate [Rollcall Vote No. 74 Leg.] eral. and cogent presentation that my col- YEAS—57 Too many Americans distrust the league from New Jersey has just given, Ayotte Ernst Moran ability of law enforcement to fairly en- that this body can be well served—very Barrasso Fischer Murkowski force our laws. Ms. Lynch believes in well served—for us to go immediately Blunt Flake Paul the principles of equality and justice to the confirmation of Loretta Lynch. Boozman Gardner Perdue Burr Graham Portman first and foremost, and she will restore The delay in this critical position is Capito Grassley Risch even more faith in our system. In her unacceptable, does a disservice to the Casey Hatch Roberts committee testimony she articulated a individual, a disservice to the office, a Cassidy Heitkamp Rounds vision about how in a great time of disservice to the executive branch, and Coats Heller Rubio Cochran Hoeven Sasse tension in our country we can rebuild a disservice to justice in America. Collins Inhofe Scott the trust between dedicated, com- Let’s have that vote. Corker Isakson Sessions mitted law enforcement officers on the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Cornyn Johnson Shelby Cotton Kirk Sullivan streets and the communities they CRUZ). The majority leader. Crapo Lankford Thune serve. Too many Americans, as I said Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Cruz Lee Tillis time and again, go to prison for far too move to proceed to the motion to re- Daines Manchin Toomey long. The majority of people incarcer- consider the vote by which cloture was Donnelly McCain Vitter Enzi McConnell Wicker ated today in Federal prisons are there not invoked on the committee-reported for nonviolent offenses. We have a na- amendment to S. 178. NAYS—41 tion that leads the globe in incarcer- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Baldwin Hirono Reed ating people, and we do it often in a question is on agreeing to the motion Bennet Kaine Reid to proceed. Blumenthal King Sanders way that is discriminatory against Booker Klobuchar Schatz poor people and minorities. The motion was agreed to. Boxer Leahy Schumer Ms. Lynch has a vision of alter- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Cantwell Markey Shaheen natives to incarceration for nonviolent move to reconsider the vote by which Cardin McCaskill Stabenow Carper Menendez Tester offenders that are based on facts and cloture was not invoked on the com- Coons Merkley Udall mittee-reported amendment to S. 178. Durbin Mikulski based on her experience. She supported Warner Feinstein Murphy her district’s drug court with a diver- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Warren question is on agreeing to the motion Franken Murray sion program taking first-time non- Gillibrand Nelson Whitehouse violent offenders out of the prosecution to reconsider. Heinrich Peters Wyden The motion was agreed to. system and giving them access to drug NOT VOTING—2 treatment. Her innovation and suc- CLOTURE MOTION Alexander Brown cesses speak volumes about her com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant mitment to saving taxpayer dollars to rule XXII, the Chair lays before the The PRESIDING OFFICER. On this and addressing our swelling prison pop- Senate the pending cloture motion, vote, the yeas are 57, the nays are 41. ulation while also driving down crime. which the clerk will state. Three-fifths of the Senators duly cho- So I say in conclusion, she has ster- The bill clerk read as follows: sen and sworn not having voted in the ling character. She has incredible cre- CLOTURE MOTION affirmative, the motion, upon reconsid- dentials. She has unflappable integrity. We, the undersigned Senators, in accord- eration, is rejected. I am confident that as Attorney Gen- ance with the provisions of rule XXII of the The Senator from Vermont. eral she will ensure that the Depart- Standing Rules of the Senate, do hereby Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I have ment leads in a way that will make us move to bring to a close debate on the com- had the opportunity in the 40 years I proud. mittee-reported substitute amendment to S. have been in the Senate to lead with The road to building a more perfect 178, a bill to provide justice for the victims others of both parties many efforts to Union in this country has been long, of trafficking. help support victims—crime victims, Mitch McConnell, John Cornyn, Shelley domestic violence victims, victims of and the work still continues. We are at Moore Capito, Steve Daines, Roger F. a time in this Nation when cynicism Wicker, James Lankford, Deb Fischer, child abuse, and human trafficking vic- with government is at an all-time high. Tom Cotton, Ron Johnson, Richard tims. One of the highest-ranked concerns Burr, Daniel Coats, Roy Blunt, Chuck One of the things I have learned dur- that Americans have right now—issues Grassley, Tim Scott, Pat Roberts, Bill ing that time is we have to pay atten- of employment and education are now Cassidy, Jerry Moran. tion to what the survivors tell us when being caught up to by concerns that The PRESIDING OFFICER. By unan- they tell us what they need. None of us Americans have about whether their imous consent, the mandatory quorum have walked in their shoes. very government will work together to call has been waived. We can offer advice, but we can’t sec- do what is right. The question is, Is it the sense of the ond-guess them. We can’t assume we The delay in her nomination under- Senate that debate on the committee- know best. Our job is to listen and try mines the integrity of this body. It reported substitute amendment to S. to help them rebuild their lives. gives a signal to all those who are cyn- 178, a bill to provide justice for the vic- If we would all just stop the political ical to further surrender to that emo- tims of trafficking, shall be brought to rhetoric and listen, the message from tion. This great candidate passed a close, upon reconsideration? these survivors is clear. through committee in bipartisan fash- The yeas and nays are mandatory Earlier this week, the National Task ion. She is a great woman, a great Afri- under the rule. Force to End Sexual and Domestic Vio- can American, and most of all a great The clerk will call the roll. lence Against Women—this, inciden- American and she should not be de- The bill clerk called the roll. tally, is a coalition of thousands of or- layed on the sidelines when there is Mr. CORNYN. The following Senator ganizations representing millions of work to be done, when her very delay is necessarily absent: the Senator from survivors of domestic and sexual vio- begins to undermine what we say this Tennessee (Mr. ALEXANDER). lence—wrote:

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:19 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.036 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1615 We write today to express our deep concern Mr. DURBIN. Well, there may be par- The experts are there day by day by about the controversy of inserting the Hyde tisan differences over this one sen- day. Let them do their work. Don’t provision into the Justice for Victims of tence, but there is bipartisan support play politics with them. Trafficking Act. The House passed a version I have said before, when we consid- of that Act that did not include this new for ending the trafficking and helping Hyde provision and we ask the Senate to the the victims. ered the Leahy-Crapo Violence Against do the same. Thank you, because I know you want Women Reauthorization Act, a victim I agree with them. I worked very to offer another amendment about run- is a victim is a victim. We ought to do closely with this group for more than 2 aways, which is very important. I have what we can to help them. years as we drafted the Leahy-Crapo met so many of them, as you have. It is SSCI STUDY OF THE CIA’S DETENTION AND Violence Against Women Reauthoriza- a heartbreaking story how so many are INTERROGATION PROGRAM tion Act. They are some of the most abused and exploited. Thank you for Mr. President, on another matter dedicated advocates I have ever worked your leadership and for bringing this which goes into an interesting area, with and I listen to what they say. I be- issue to our attention today. each year, Sunshine Week reminds us lieve they are showing us the way for- Mr. LEAHY. I thank the Senator we cannot take for granted our demo- ward. from Illinois, who has worked on this cratic system of government. Our Na- The House version of the very bill we throughout his career, both in the tion’s Founders understood that to are debating today does not contain House and in the Senate. It means a maintain a true democracy, we have to the unnecessary destructive provision lot. I will state what one survivor, Tina have an open government. Only an that wreaks such havoc here. Speaker Frundt, a survivor of human traf- open government can be truly account- JOHN BOEHNER found a way to bring the ficking who now helps counsel other able to the people. House together—Republicans and young trafficking victims, said: But pulling back the curtain on the Democrats—and passed a bill without It is not for us to judge the type of services internal workings of governmental injecting abortion politics into the dis- a survivor of sex trafficking needs. We need agencies is not always easy. Some- cussion. Now, if that deeply divided the basic rights of medical services without times, it is not even popular. In some body can do it, I would assume we can judgment. cases, it generates great controversy, do it here in the Senate. I think, instead of our trying to be as was the case of Senator FEINSTEIN’s Some are being very casual about the political about this, we should listen to hard-fought efforts last year to declas- divisive partisan provision that Senate survivors such as Tina. We can’t pass a sify the executive summary of the Sen- Republicans injected into this Senate bill that ignores the requests of the ate Intelligence Committee’s historic bill. They call it boilerplate. Well, it is various survivors it is designed to help. torture report. not. It places limitations on the health Experts across the political spectrum This extraordinary report thoroughly care services victims can use as they who treat survivors of trafficking are reviewed the CIA’s use of torture dur- access money collected from the very telling us to remove the language. ing the Bush administration and re- people who trafficked them. I heard, for example, from a group vealed that it was far more brutal than We are not talking about taxpayers’ called HEAL Trafficking, an organiza- we knew. Now, shedding light on the money. We are not talking about tax- tion of health care professionals who CIA’s actions demonstrates to the payers’ dollars. We are talking about treat survivors. These are physicians, world that America is different. We ac- traffickers’ money. This is the money nurses, and counselors. They wrote a knowledge our mistakes, so that we traffickers would pay in fines. letter to me and said: ‘‘We implore the can learn from them. We do not sweep Criminals have already taken away Senate to pass S. 178 without the inclu- them under a rug and pretend they so many choices for these young sion of Hyde amendment language, never happened. But some seem to women and girls, and we shouldn’t be which would place limits on trafficking want just that. taking away their right to make their survivors’ access to vital health serv- When Senator FEINSTEIN publically own health care choices. We certainly ices.’’ released the executive summary, she should not require these survivors to I also heard from the service pro- also provided the full report, which to- have to prove they were raped. That is viders, whom I know and respect, at taled, I am told, more than 6,700 pages. offensive. It is wrong. the Vermont Coalition of Runaway and She provided the full report to the Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator yield Homeless Youth. They work with President and the relevant executive for a question? Mr. LEAHY. I yield to the Senator young people who are exceptionally branch agencies. The report details the for a question. vulnerable to becoming victims of traf- failures that allowed this program to Mr. DURBIN. I thank the Senator for ficking and sexual exploitation. They happen. She rightly put these details in coming to the floor. I know how much wrote: ‘‘There should be no doubt that the hands of those officials who had ap- he supports this bill to end human traf- legislation involving the well-being of propriate clearances who could learn ficking, sex trafficking, and what a individuals who have been victimized from the mistakes and ensure that frustration he must feel—and which I by the most base of human behavior they do not happen again—whether it share—that we have been unable to should be free of partisan wrangling.’’ is a Republican or a Democratic ad- bring a bill before us that has strong It is time to listen to the people this ministration. bipartisan support and with few bill is supposed to help. They say: Take Unfortunately, some of the program’s amendments is likely to be considered out the provision; pass the bill. defenders will stop at nothing in an ef- and would pass very quickly in the I hope that we will. fort to erase this ugly history. Imme- Senate. I can only imagine what these vic- diately after the report was issued, I thank him for pointing out what I tims of trafficking go through. I have there was an unabashed campaign to tried to point out this morning. In this said several times on the floor—I re- discredit it and an attempt to portray 112-page bill, there is one sentence re- member so vividly; I remember as what happened as something other lated to the Hyde amendment, which though it were yesterday, listening to than what we all know it was—torture. changes what we have been doing here some of the victims when we were try- I have had enough of the disingen- for more than 30 years and which is ing to prosecute the people who traf- uous euphemisms and acronyms used holding up the passage of this impor- ficked them or harmed them or ex- to mask the truly brutal nature of tant bill. What we have been pleading ploited them. I thought, wouldn’t it be what was done to other human beings. with the Republican leaders to do is to great if we had some help to stop this We should acknowledge what it was. It remove this sentence, and then let’s horrible crime from happening in the was torture. The President has ac- pass this bill. first place. knowledged that. And Attorney Gen- Mr. LEAHY. I say to the Senator But at least we did not have politi- eral nominee Loretta Lynch did during from Illinois, that the Republican cians telling us: Well, you can offer her hearing, when she stated clearly House of Representatives passed this this service, but you cannot offer that and unequivocally that waterboarding Act without this provision, and Demo- service. They simply said: Find the is torture. Instead, defenders of this crats and Republicans here in the Sen- best experts you can and use their ad- brutality call it something else. They ate should do the same. vice. claim it was justified, but then they

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:19 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.039 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 offer no evidence to support their as- last week testified he would designate trade. In other words, the people who sertions and insist outright that they appropriate people to consider the re- actually pay for the services provided would do it again. Even though they port and what improvements could be by these 12-to-14-year-old girls and the have no evidence that it helped, they made, because there are no instances pimps that basically manage them. imply as much. when torture is acceptable. This takes the money from the peo- But if that wasn’t bad enough, some The Convention Against Torture does ple who create the demand. Once they now want to make the report itself dis- not make exceptions. There is no doubt have been convicted and penalized, appear. In January, the incoming that if these actions were committed they pay into a crime victims com- chairman of the Senate Intelligence against American soldiers, by a hostile pensation fund. We estimate, if our cal- Committee asked the President and the government, we would immediately culations are correct, that could gen- agencies to return the full report to condemn them as torture and a viola- erate as much as $30 million a year— the Senate. tion of international law. We have to $30 million a year. That money would That is essentially saying: let us pre- make clear to the rest of the world we then be subject to grants to help orga- tend we made no mistakes. Let us follow international law. We don’t tor- nizations that are set up to help the erase history. Let us be able to open ture. We have to ensure that America victims of human trafficking. the history book and just see blank never allows this to happen again. So not only are we interested in try- pages. We did nothing wrong. I suggest the absence of a quorum. ing to rescue these children from the Well, that is outrageous. Neither this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The grasp of these criminal organizations historic Senate report nor the shame- clerk will call the roll. that run human trafficking rings, we ful truths it reveals can be wiped out of The senior assistant legislative clerk want to find a way to help them heal existence. proceeded to call the roll. and get better. We have all heard story It is also appalling to learn that sev- Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask after story about the tragedy of human eral of the agencies that received the unanimous consent that the order for trafficking. I have talked to the distin- full report in December haven’t even the quorum call be rescinded. guished ranking member of the Judici- opened it. In a Freedom of Information The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ary Committee, who, as a former pros- Act (FOIA) lawsuit seeking release of objection, it is so ordered. ecutor, understands this issue and the the full report, Justice Department and Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, again human wreckage left in the wake of State Department officials submitted today, just like yesterday, we saw all the people who purchase these services declarations stating that their copies but four Senate Democrats filibuster a and help facilitate these criminal orga- remain locked away in unopened, bill that passed the Senate Judiciary nizations. So somehow, some way, we sealed envelopes. So they can say: I see Committee unanimously, including need to find a way to help the victims. nothing. It is locked up. It is sealed. nine Democratic Senator votes. This is Our focus ought to be on them and I don’t know if this was done in an a bill that is cosponsored by 12 Demo- them alone. attempt to bolster the government’s crats and a bill that came to the floor We have heard a lot of, to my mind, position in the FOIA lawsuit or to oth- by unanimous consent of the Senate— phony excuses about this bill. I actu- erwise avoid Federal records laws. I all 100 Senators. Any single Senator ally had some Senators tell me they certainly hope not. But regardless of could have barred that from happening didn’t know of this provision that lim- the motivation, it was a mistake that and forced us to go through procedural its the use of the fines and penalties. should be rectified. hoops. I would like to believe they did This is a rule that has prevailed for 39 The executive summary of the tor- so because all of us agree—Democrat years, known as the Hyde amendment. ture report, which they have seen, and Republican alike—that helping the They say they didn’t know it was makes clear that both the State De- victims of human trafficking should be there. They didn’t read the bill, appar- partment and the Justice Department our sole and solitary focus in this legis- ently. have much to learn from the history of lation. And that is what this bill does. I don’t actually quite believe that. I the CIA’s torture program. Both agen- This bill is probably the last bill you know that staff on both sides in the Ju- cies were misled by the CIA about the would imagine would be controver- diciary Committee and generally the program. Both should consider sys- sial—certainly one that people would staff in the Senate are highly profes- temic changes in how they deal with be loath to politicize—but, indeed, that sional people. They are not going to let covert actions. Yet neither agency has is exactly what has happened. I just something slip by. But if there is a rea- bothered to open the final, full version can’t explain it. Maybe some of our col- son why they did, I believe it is because of the report or, apparently, even those leagues who have done this can. How this language has become routine. It sections most relevant to them. can you cosponsor a bill, how can you has become routine. It has been in lit- The fight for government trans- vote for it and then come to the floor erally every appropriations bill since parency and accountability is never of the Senate on two occasions and 1976. It had been in things such as the complete. I have joined with the distin- vote to kill it? Children’s Health Insurance Program. guished Senator from Texas, Mr. COR- Well, as I said earlier, we have four It has been in Defense authorization NYN, over the years to write and pass Senate Democrats who have joined bills. It has been in ObamaCare. All of tougher provisions in FOIA. I think the with Republicans to pass this piece of our colleagues on the other side of the importance of the public release of this legislation, then reconcile it with the aisle have voted for this sort of lan- report’s executive summary cannot be House bill, and send it on to President guage over and over and over again. overstated. It is one of the most impor- Obama, where I am confident he would I happen to be proudly pro-life, but tant oversight achievements of this sign it. I am confident he would sign it we have many colleagues who consider body. Now we must ensure the full re- because this is an issue where, if we themselves pro-choice who have said: port, containing the results of years of can’t do a bill to help victims of human Well, I don’t think we ought to appro- painstaking work, is put to good use by trafficking, I wonder what we can pos- priate tax dollars to pay for abortions. those within the executive branch. sibly accomplish. If politics and the di- I agree with the Hyde amendment. So So today, as we recognize Sunshine visiveness here in Washington so polar- they have clearly had an opportunity Week, I send this message to the execu- izes people on this bill, how are we to read and understand the bill. I don’t tive branch agencies who received the going to do the other things we need to believe 12 Senators on the other side full Intelligence Committee torture re- do, such as pass a budget? How are we would cosponsor a bill they hadn’t read port: Do not return your copy to the going to take care of our national secu- and didn’t understand. I don’t believe Senate. Ensure that the appropriate rity needs? How will we deal with the nine members of the Senate Judiciary people in your agencies, with appro- immigration issue? How will we deal Committee on the other side would priate clearances, have access to it and with other things that are far more vote for it, including the distinguished learn from it. Initiate a process to con- controversial? ranking member, without knowing sider the lessons your agency should Just to reiterate what this bill does, what was in the bill. learn from this experience. Follow the it focuses on the people on the demand The reason why this was so example of FBI Director Comey, who side of sex trafficking and the sex unremarkable is because, as I said, it

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I United States Senate. tims that exist in America? would think that among the 12 people So I hope we have at least two more It is estimated that about 100,000 who cosponsored the bill, among the 9 Senators on the other side examine children are sex trafficked a year in who voted for it already in committee, their conscience and reconsider their the United States. It happens in Texas, we could find at least 3 more who ‘‘no’’ vote and decide to close off de- sadly; it happens in Vermont; and it would vote for this legislation and bate by providing the votes. We need to happens everywhere. The fact of the allow us to finish it. do that tomorrow. matter is, most Americans are simply I know the distinguished ranking Mr. President, I yield the floor. unaware of it because this is an under- member from Vermont has an amend- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. belly of life, a criminality that is real- ment he wants to offer on the bill, and TOOMEY). The Senator from Vermont. ly unbeknownst to most of us because he has that right. He should have that Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, I totally it happens outside of our view and out- right. But we can’t do it unless we get agree with the senior Senator from side of our experience. But we have past this hurdle of the filibuster. This Texas that the Hyde amendment has thousands of scared and abused chil- bill is simply too important to let poli- been in a number of bills that spend dren who need our help. tics get in the way of helping the inno- tax dollars. I have been in the Appro- By killing this bill, as our friends cent victims who need our support. priations Committee for nearly 40 across the aisle have done, with the ex- So the Senate being the way it is, years. I am aware of that. But as the ception of four brave exceptions, in- which is somewhat broken these days, distinguished senior Senator from stead of our helping hand we are giving how in the world do we get to the point Texas just stated, there are no tax dol- them a shrug of indifference. We are where we can actually help the victims lars in this matter. The way he has saying: You know what. Our political of human trafficking, given the fili- drafted this bill, it would take moneys fights here in Washington are more im- buster? Well, Senator MCCONNELL has from fines levied against those who are portant than your future and your life said he is going to keep bringing this convicted of sex exploitation. and the fact that you have been treated bill back again and again—and, indeed, This would be the first time, to my as human baggage. this is now the second vote we have knowledge—and I would stand cor- I happen to believe—and I know had on this—until we can recruit at rected if I am wrong, but I cannot many share this belief—that we are all least two more Democrats to vote to think of a time in the past 40 years created in the image of God, and it is a close off debate to allow us to finish that we have applied the Hyde amend- terrible sin and it is an evil thing to the bill. He has also said we are not ment to such funds. I think that is treat a human being created in the going to be able to get to the confirma- probably why—because there are tax image of God as a commodity, as a tion of Attorney General Loretta dollars in the House companion bill— thing to be bought and sold. Lynch, which has been voted out of the that the House of Representatives did We went through a terrible period in Senate Judiciary Committee, until we not include the Hyde amendment. our Nation’s history where we had Afri- finish this bill. I agree with that. I I have voted for appropriation bills can Americans treated as less than think the majority leader has made the with the Hyde amendment in it so we human. We fought a civil war, where right call, because, apparently, if the could move them to the floor. But to 600,000 people died, and then we passed cries and the needs of the innocent vic- go to this expansion when all these dif- a constitutional amendment and other tims of human trafficking aren’t ferent groups who have written in to us important legislation to try to heal enough to move our friends across the tell us please don’t do this, and the those wounds that existed from the aisle to let us finish this bill, then we groups who actually work with vic- very beginning of our Nation. Indeed, it are going to have to look for whatever tims—they say don’t include it. I agree has not yet finished healing even leverage we can. with them. today. Indeed, I would say this does not I think there can be a way forward. Knowing what we know about human bode well for the future of the 114th We came together in this body to pass slavery and what that has been in our Congress if this is the way we are going the Leahy-Crapo Violence Against history, why in the world wouldn’t we to be operating. I don’t know how Women Reauthorization Act, with the want to do something about modern- many nominations will be voted out of Trafficking Victims Protection Reau- day human slavery to try to rectify, to committee and be eligible for floor ac- thorization Act as an amendment. We try to rescue, to try to help heal these tion that will not be considered on the worked for some time, but we passed it. victims, which is what this legislation Senate floor because we are stuck in I also want to say that—again, based does? situations such as this—where we know on my experience here—I cannot think To summarize: We have a piece of what the right thing to do is, all of the of a time, whether the Senate was legislation that contains a provision Senators know what the right thing to under Democratic control or Repub- that has been the law of the land for 39 do is, but somehow we can’t quite seem lican control, that a piece of legisla- years. We have a bill on the floor that to get it done. We have to get it done. tion has been used like this to hold up was cosponsored by 12 Democrats on We have to get all of the Senate’s busi- a key member of the President’s Cabi- the other side of the aisle. Unfortu- ness done, including considering the net. Loretta Lynch has been held up nately, most of them have voted to fili- President’s nominees. longer than the past four Attorney buster this bill now that it has come to So I hope we do. I look forward to General nominees—four men—put to- the floor because of this provision they having another opportunity, perhaps gether. She is still being held up. I said they didn’t know about or they tomorrow, to vote to close off debate. think that is unfortunate. weren’t aware of or they object to. My hope is that overnight, sometime I yield the floor. We have a piece of legislation that during the next 24 hours, at least 2 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- will not cost taxpayers anything be- more of our colleagues—we would be ator from Texas. cause it is financed by the fines and glad to have more—can examine their Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I would penalties assessed against people who conscience, can think about why it is say to my friend and colleague, the demand and purchase these illicit serv- they actually ran for the Senate, why Senator from Vermont, whom I have ices. That is why this is the sort of bi- it is they are here. Is it to try to actu- worked with closely on a number of partisan consensus legislation I think ally do something good to help people pieces of legislation and whom I would the American people would like to see who can’t help themselves? I believe it love to be able to work with to find a us pass. is. I think that is why all of us came solution to the current impasse that We need to overcome this obstacle. I here, to try to do that. But somehow, we have on this legislation—I would know the majority leader, Senator some way, we have gotten off track, say to my friend that if the objection is

VerDate Sep 11 2014 01:19 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.042 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 that this fund is not subject to the ap- Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I we can’t deal with it on this bill. Are propriations process, then that is was here for nearly 3 hours this morn- these girls less important? Is this something we ought to discuss and talk ing when there was some spare time on something that can just be a political about. the floor to get us refocused on the football back and forth? I don’t think Why the fund is so important to me issue at hand, which is the issue of the so. is because the fines and penalties that victims of sex trafficking. I want to remind people that in addi- go into this save the taxpayers money. As I noted this morning, this is now tion to the bill that is on the floor, It actually takes the money from the the third biggest criminal enterprise in Senator CORNYN’s bill, which sets up a people who create the demand and uses the world. The first is illegal drugs, the victims fund, there is another bill, and that to help heal and save and rescue second illegal guns, and the third is the that is the Stop Exploitation Through the victims. illegal sale of children. The average Trafficking Act. That is my bill. Sen- I guess I would have a little dif- age of a victim of sex trafficking is 12 ator CORNYN is the cosponsor. There ference of opinion—and maybe it is just years old—not even old enough to go to are 19 bipartisan cosponsors. It is a bill semantics—that once the fines and their first prom or not even old enough that went through the Judiciary Com- penalties are paid to the Treasury, my to get a driver’s license. That is what mittee a few weeks ago—unanimously view is they become public dollars al- we are talking about here. on the vote. Every single Senator voted though they technically aren’t derived As I said, we have seen it in every for it. A similar version led by Rep- from taxes, per se. But beyond that part of the country. Just last week, resentative ERIK PAULSEN of Minnesota point, I would say once this money is there was a case out of Rochester, MN, has gone through the House. I like ours paid into the fund, I think we could of a 12-year-old girl who was charged a little better because it includes a na- come up with a mechanism that would by the U.S. Attorney’s office. She got a tional sex trafficking strategy. Those then allow the Appropriations Com- text and went to a McDonald’s parking two bills will be easily resolved to get mittee to play its traditional role in di- lot. She thought she was going to go to this done. recting the money to the purposes for a party. She got shoved in a car and My hope is—my bill is supposed to be which Congress designates. And I got brought up to the Twin Cities, got the first amendment once we can go on know, as a long-time member of the raped. Sexually explicit pictures were to this bill, once we get the fix of the Appropriations Committee, the Sen- taken and posted on Craigslist by the bill—the provision of the bill that is in ator believes—and I respect—that is an pimp. She was sold for sex to two men, controversy. I want to remind people important part of the process. raped by two men. Finally, the guys that this bill is equally important. It It is important, though, to note that got caught and they have charged the sets a standard—the safe harbor bill— this would still be subject to the same case. So that is what we are talking so other States will start looking at rule which has prevailed for 39 years, about here. Minnesota and what about 15 other and that is the Hyde amendment. Here I know there are disagreements on States have done. It says these 12-year- is where I don’t understand the prin- the issues of our time, whether they olds are not criminals; they are vic- ciple of the objection—because the are the issues of our economy and the tims. Hyde amendment has an exception, as budget fight that is going to be coming How can you say a 12-year-old is a the Senator knows, for the physical up next week, or whether it is the criminal? They are victims. Once you health and mental health of the moth- issues of foreign relations, but there start thinking like that, it changes the er, as certified by a physician, and also shouldn’t be a disagreement about this. way you handle the cases. As a former in cases of rape. I can’t imagine any This is a bipartisan bill. There is a pro- prosecutor, what matters to me is that case where a potential beneficiary of vision in this bill that I don’t believe when you change the way you look at this fund would be excluded from serv- needs to be in this bill. There are some the case, you have a better case be- ices that would be allowed under the potential solutions here and I hope my cause then you have a victim who feels legislation as written. But I would say colleagues are talking about them. they have some place to go—a shelter. if the Senator thinks that might be a We have to refocus our efforts on They can get a job. They can get an fruitful area for us to continue con- what matters. That is what we have to education. They are much more likely versations and to figure a way to struc- remember. I am tired of looking back to turn on the pimp and to turn on the ture this so that it would be subject to at who is blaming who and whose fault perpetrator that is running the sex an annual appropriation process—sub- it is and now, somehow, it has gotten ring. ject to those limitations that have pre- tied to the confirmation of the next At- In Minnesota, last year we got a 40- vailed now since 1976—I think there torney General of the United States. year sentence against a guy. John might be some room for discussion. This makes no sense at all. If these Choi, the chief attorney for Ramsey I yield the floor. issues are connected at all, it is simply County, got a guy that was running I suggest the absence of a quorum. because the Attorney General of the one of these rings. That is what is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The United States helps to enforce the sex going on here when we talk about this clerk will call the roll. trafficking laws. Their office some- bill and the importance of passing this The legislative clerk proceeded to times takes on Federal cases such as bill. call the roll. we saw in the oil patch of North Da- We have the 20 women Senators who Ms. WARREN. Mr. President, I ask kota. They enforce our other laws, came together and asked for a hearing unanimous consent that the order for such as what we care about right now on sex trafficking. We got that done. the quorum call be rescinded. in Minnesota where we have had a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Now is the time where I hope we can number of people indicted for going to objection, it is so ordered. come together and resolve this. (The remarks of Ms. WARREN per- help ISIS, or we have had 20 people in- So one of the things I have taken to taining to the introduction of S. 793 are dicted and 9 convictions for helping al- doing is reading Nicholas Kristof and printed in today’s RECORD under Shabaab, and here we have an Attorney Sheryl WuDunn’s great book ‘‘Half the ‘‘Statements on Introduced Bills and General who is immensely qualified Sky.’’ Joint Resolutions.’’) and who literally has the highest num- ‘‘Half the Sky’’ refers to women hold- Ms. WARREN. I suggest the absence ber out of her office of terrorism pros- ing up half the sky. It refers to the fact of a quorum. ecutions in the Nation. So let’s just get that we have countries and systems The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Loretta Lynch confirmed. That is for that marginalize women and don’t clerk will call the roll. starters. treat them as equal. This is not good The legislative clerk proceeded to As to this bill, I would like to see a for our world. call the roll. different tone as we discuss it. I would We have seen countries that do it the Ms. KLOBUCHAR. Mr. President, I like to see people on both sides of the worst, that treat them as sex slaves, ask unanimous consent that the order aisle talk about solutions and remem- that allow that to happen. Those coun- for the quorum call be rescinded. ber what we are dealing with here. We tries tend to have very poor human The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without have been able to deal with this issue rights records. They tend not to be objection, it is so ordered. on other bills. I don’t understand why good partners for our country. If we

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If we are going to reach out to other people being able to come together But when pressed, they admitted lower rates. countries, such as HEIDI HEITKAMP, across party lines to get this done. ... Cindy McCain, and I did last spring— So they talk about how things have This goes on and they talk about the we went down to Mexico to work with changed, and they say that ‘‘over time, problem with this. What we are talking them on some of the issues of cases on we’ve changed our minds’’ about how about here is underage girls and what which they have actually helped in the we look at this. They talk about the is really going on. United States with the U.S. attorney’s fact that it used to be: Well, let’s legal- I am going to quote from one story office. We need to be able to show that ize prostitution and regulate. That will they told when they went to this broth- our country is doing the right thing, really work. I think we have learned el. and this is an opportunity to do that. that it will never really work. It While the madam spoke with others in the So I have been reading from this doesn’t work in those countries that room, gushing about the group’s success, the book in part in the hope that we can have tried it, and it certainly doesn’t three of us on the bed asked the prostitute in change the tone and remember who we work for these young girls who are vic- Hindi to tell us if those things were true. are here to protect. It is also a great tims of the sex trade. So they talk Afraid and timid, the prostitute remained si- book. They have actually written an- about how we, in fact, through law en- lent until we assured her that we wouldn’t other book as well that is focused on forcement, need to go after the profits get her in trouble. Barely audible, she told domestic sex trafficking that I will be and we have to take this on. That is us that almost none of the prostitutes . . . came with aspirations of being a sex worker. reading from tomorrow as well. what the bills we are considering help Most of them like herself were trafficked. I note this is not an official fili- to do. They give State and local pros- . . . When I asked her if she wanted to leave buster, but whenever I have time and ecutors and shelters the tools that they Sonagachi, her eyes lit up; before she could there is time on the floor, I am simply need. say anything, the DMSC official put her going to come down here to remind They say: hand on my back and said that it was time people of the importance of getting We won’t eliminate prostitution. In Iran, to move on. . . . this bill done. brothels are strictly banned, and the mayor These are stories about how it So we are talking in the book—I was of Tehran was a law-and-order hard-liner doesn’t really work to have this model in the chapter on ‘‘Prohibition and until, according to Iranian news accounts, he of allowing the prostitution to con- Prostitution.’’ I talked about the fact was arrested in a police raid on a brothel where he was in the company of six naked tinue and regulate. that ‘‘the tools to crush modern slav- prostitutes. So crackdowns don’t work per- In the developing world, however, this dif- ery’’—I am reading from the book— fectly, but they tend to lead nervous police ficult, polarizing debate is mostly just a dis- ‘‘but the political will is lacking.’’ to demand higher bribes, which reduces prof- traction. In India, for example, brothels are That seems to be what is going on in itability for the pimps. Or the police will technically illegal—but, as we said earlier, this Chamber when extraneous bills are close down at least those brothels that they are ubiquitous—the same is true in in the way of getting this done. When aren’t managed by other police officers. With Cambodia. In poor countries, the law is often my Republican coauthor over in the such methods, we can almost certainly re- irrelevant, particularly outside the capital. Our focus has to be on changing reality, not House has said that these kinds of poli- duce the number of fourteen-year-old girls who are held in cages until they die of AIDS. changing laws. tics don’t belong on these bills, I agree. This is happening in our world. Congress took an important step in that The tools to crush modern slavery exist, direction in 2000 by requiring the State De- but the political will is lacking. That must ‘‘It’s pretty doable,’’ says Gary Haugen, partment to put out an annual Trafficking in be the starting point of any abolitionist who runs International Justice Mission. Persons report—the TIP report. movement. We’re not arguing that West- ‘‘You don’t have to arrest everybody. You just have to get enough that it sends a ripple I will remind again that this was erners should take up this cause because it’s done on a bipartisan basis. We didn’t the fault of the West; Western men do not effect and changes the calculations. That play a central role in prostitution in most changes the pimps’ behavior. You can drive see the kind of fights we are having poor countries. True, American and Euro- traffickers of virgin village girls to fence now because people decided that here is pean sex tourists are part of the problem in stolen radios instead.’’ one thing that we could agree on—from Thailand, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Many liberals and feminists are taken Paul Wellstone to Sam Brownback— Belize, but they are still only a small per- aback by the big stick approach we advocate, and that perhaps without having out- centage of the johns. The vast majority are arguing that it just drives sex establish- ments underground. They argue instead for a side political debates, we can agree local men. Moreover, Western men usually that we do not want young girls aged 12 go with girls who are more or less voluntary legalize-and-regulate model based on em- powerment of sex workers, and they cite a to be sex trafficked. prostitutes, because they want to take the What did this report do? girls back to their hotel rooms, while forced success: The Sonagachi Project. Sonagachi, which means ‘‘golden tree,’’ is prostitutes are not normally allowed out of The report ranks countries according to a sprawling red-light district in Kolkata. In the brothels. So this is not a case where we how they tackle trafficking, and those in the the 1700s and 1800s, it had been a legendary in the West have a responsibility to lead be- lowest tier are sanctioned. This meant that locale for concubines. Today it has hundreds cause we’re the source of the problem. Rath- for the first time U.S. embassies abroad had of multistory brothels built along narrow er, we single out the West because, even to gather information on trafficking. Amer- alleys, housing more than six thousand pros- though we’re peripheral to the slavery, our ican diplomats began holding discussions titutes. In the early 1990s, health experts action is necessary to overcome a horrific with their foreign ministry counterparts, were deeply concerned about the spread of evil. who then had to add trafficking to the list of AIDS in India, and in 1992 they started [this major concerns such as proliferation and ter- So that is my argument here, that by project]. . . . A key element was to nurture rorism. As a result, the foreign ministries doing something here in this Chamber a union of sex workers . . . which would en- made inquiries of the national police agen- and by showing that we care about courage condom use and thus reduce the cies. these girls in the United States, then spread of AIDS through prostitution. Simply asking questions put the issue on we show we care internationally and it DMSC seemed successful in encouraging the agenda. Countries began passing laws, the use of condoms. It publicized its role as staging crackdowns, and compiling fact should be a major tenet of our foreign a pragmatic solution to the public health policy. sheets. Pimps found that the cost of bribing problems of prostitution. One study found police went up, eroding their profit margins. One reason the modern abolitionist move- [this project] increased . . . condom use by 25 This approach can be taken further. Within ment hasn’t been more effective is the divi- percent. the State Department, the trafficking office sive politics of prostitution. They go on to explain it. has been marginalized, even relegated to an- I talked about this earlier today. The But then they say—and this is key to other building. If the secretary of state pub- issue that we have is that a number of our approach to trying not to allow licly and actively embraced the trafficking people way back—including the late prostitution to continue: office— great Senator Paul Wellstone of Min- As we probed the numbers, however, we I think we see this has happened nesota, Senator Brownback of Kansas, saw that they were flimsier than they at since this book was written—since 2009

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.049 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 under Secretary Clinton and Secretary elected to the Senate in one of these ficking. She is a senior member of the Kerry. countries if they believe that women Judiciary Committee—the only other . . . that would elevate the issue’s profile. can be treated as chattel, as we are see- woman on the Judiciary Committee be- The President could visit a shelter . . . ing in so many of these places. sides me, with, I think, 20-some guys. And, by the way, that is something So I am going to go to the next part She knows how important this issue is. that HEIDI HEITKAMP, Cindy McCain, of the chapter, which is called ‘‘Res- I know she is going to talk a little bit and I did when we went to Mexico. cuing Girls Is the Easy Part.’’ about that as well as some other Europe should have made trafficking an We became slave owners in the twenty- things. I welcome her to the floor. issue in negotiating the accession of Eastern first century the old-fashioned way: We paid I yield the floor. European countries wishing to enter the Eu- cash in exchange for two slave girls and a The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. ropean Union, and it can still make this an couple of receipts. The girls were then ours GARDNER). The Senator from Cali- issue for Turkey in that regard. to do with as we liked. fornia. The big-stick approach should focus in par- Rescuing girls from brothels is the easy Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I ticular on the sale of virgins. Such trans- part, however. The challenge is keeping ask unanimous consent to speak for actions, particularly in Asia, account for a them from returning. The stigma that the such time as I may consume. disproportionate share of trafficker profits girls feel in their communities after being As Senator KLOBUCHAR stated, I come and kidnappings of young teenagers. And the freed, coupled with drug dependencies or to the floor to speak on the sex traf- girls, once raped, frequently resign them- threats from pimps, often lead them to re- selves to being prostitutes until they die. It turn to the red-light district. It’s emotion- ficking bill. I know it is now held up by is often rich Asians, particularly overseas ally dispiriting for well-meaning aid workers certain language, which I will go into Chinese, who are doing the buying—put a few who oversee a brothel raid to take the girls in the details of my remarks, but brief- of them in jail, and good things will happen: back to a shelter and give them food and ly, I would like to begin by describing The market for virgins will quickly shrink, medical care, only to see the girls climb over the bill’s highlights. The bill clarifies their price will drop, gangs will shift to less the back wall. that a person who buys a sex act from risky and more profitable lines of business, That is what I talked about earlier. a minor or other trafficking victim can the average age of prostitutes will rise some- That is why, when we look at it from a be prosecuted under the Federal com- what, and the degree of compulsion in pros- mercial sex trafficking statute. The titution will diminish as well. U.S. perspective, what these bills focus on is trying to turn these girls’ lives bill authorizes block grants for State This is from ‘‘Half the Sky,’’ written around and trying to set that standard. and local governments to develop pro- by New York Times reporter Nicholas We are not mandating it in other grams to rescue trafficking victims Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn. They have States; we are simply creating some in- and investigate and prosecute traf- a more recent book that they have centives and giving them some funding fickers. The bill also includes nearly written called ‘‘A Path Appears,’’ and so that States can start doing these all of the provisions from the Combat this is about domestic prostitution, cases in a different way and start see- Human Trafficking Act which Senator which I will also be reading from. But ing them as victims and making it PORTMAN and I introduced in January. I thought I would start that tomorrow, easier to go after the people who are I am very grateful to the authors— as we continue to focus on this, so peo- running the ring. Senator KLOBUCHAR, Senator CORNYN— ple understand what we are really talk- Back to the book: for adding these. Those provisions es- ing about. tablish a minimum period of 5 years of As we all know, the bills before the Our unusual purchase came about when Nick— supervised release for a person who Senate today are about domestic traf- conspires to violate the commercial Referring here to Nick Kristof— ficking. They are about what is hap- sex trafficking statute. pening in the United States right now traveled with Naka Nathaniel, then a New It would require the Justice Depart- in every town in this country. York Times videographer, to an area in ment to train on investigating and We talked earlier this morning about northwestern Cambodia notorious for its criminality. Nick and Naka arrived at the prosecuting buyers, on seeking restitu- why this is happening, why we are see- town of Poipet and checked into an $8-a- tion, and on connecting victims with ing this kind of increase, and we are night guest house that doubled as a brothel. health services. It would require re- talking about it more. The reason is They focused their interviews on two teen- porting on sex trafficking prosecutions. that more and more because of the age girls, Srey Neth and Srey Momm, each in It would expand wiretap authority to Internet people can anonymously ad- a different brothel. cover all human trafficking offenses. It vertise. They can send instant mes- Neth was very pretty, short and light- would expand the rights of crime vic- sages and texts. It is just more hidden, skinned. She looked fourteen or fifteen, but tims—something I have been interested and it is harder to track down for law she thought she was older than that; she had no idea of her actual birth date. A woman in since Senator Kyl and I did the enforcement. That is part of why we pimp brought her to Nick’s room, and she sat Crime Victims’ Bill of Rights. are seeing this going on right now and on the bed, quivering with fear. She had been The bill, which is not controversial, why this is such a major issue in our in the brothel only a month, and Nick would should pass, except for the surrep- country. have been her first foreign customer. Nick titious inclusion—I use this word con- I would tie it into our international needed his interpreter present in the room as sidered—of a provision that is known theme, because, again, first of all, we well, and this puzzled the pimp, who never- as the Hyde amendment. The provision have a percentage of these victims— theless accommodated. was not included by language but by mostly girls—who come from foreign Black hair fell over Neth’s shoulders and cross-reference to provisions in another onto her tight pink T-shirt. Below, she wore previously enacted appropriations bill. countries. So it matters to us what equally tight blue jeans, and sandals. Neth goes on in foreign countries with their had plump cheeks, but the best of her was Here is what it says: law, which is the focus of ‘‘Half the thin and fragile; thick makeup caked her Limitations. Amounts in the Fund, or oth- Sky.’’ face in a way that seemed incongruous, as if erwise transferred from the Fund, shall be But it also matters to us because we she were a child who had played with her subject to the limitations on the use or ex- want a better world, and we want these mother’s cosmetics. pending of amounts described in sections 506 After some awkward conversation through and 507 of division H of the Consolidated Ap- countries to do better. We don’t want propriations Act, 2014 (Public Law 113–76; 128 to put all our money in military spend- the interpreter, as Nick asked Neth about how she had grown up and about her family, Stat. 409) to the same extent as if amounts in ing. We want these countries to become she began to calm down. She stopped trem- the Fund were funds appropriated under divi- democracies, to become trading part- bling and mostly looked in the direction of sion H of such Act. ners, to become places that we can the television in the corner of the room, This provision was not included in work with. Instead, if we allow these which Nick had put on to muffle the sound of the bill Senator CORNYN introduced girls to be subjugated and we allow their voices. She responded to questions last Congress, which I cosponsored. His them to be chattel and we allow them briefly and without interest. staff approached my staff and staffs of to be treated like slaves, they are Now we have been joined—I am going other Senators early in 2015. They never going to get the kind of democ- to stop reading from the book for a asked if I would cosponsor again. My racy that we want them to get to and while. Senator FEINSTEIN has come to staff asked whether the bill was iden- that will allow for a better country. the floor. Senator FEINSTEIN has been a tical to last year’s bill and for an ex- You are not going to have a woman true leader on this issue of sex traf- planation of any changes that were

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:48 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.051 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1621 made. Senator CORNYN’s staff then sent Empire and then from Los Angeles all I am 100% Great service provider! back an email with a list of changes— the way around into the Inland Em- I am very down to earth, warm, sensitive, seven changes in all. That list did not pire. So you can actually track various passionate, include the Hyde amendment language routes. Orange County did this. The or- and genuinely interested in giving you a great experience. that had been added. That language ange center here is meant to be Orange was not mentioned to my staff at any County. And it goes on and on. point. This particular task force is com- This is the same picture of this same In other words, an important and prised of a number of Federal and local girl. sensitive change was made to the bill law enforcement agencies in Orange We blocked out the image, and it is and was not disclosed upon request. County, including Anaheim and Hun- shocking. It is simply shocking that That does not excuse us for not catch- tington Beach police departments, the this is going on to the extent it is in ing this, but if you see the complicated U.S. Attorney’s Office, the FBI, and our country, right in a ribald way on and sort of obfuscated nature of this— the District Attorney’s Office. the Internet. I am not saying it is intended obfusca- Now, here it comes: Regardless of Law enforcement officials and anti- tion, but all of the numbers that are in how children are first trafficked, one trafficking organizations say there are there—I think it makes it understand- thing is almost universal—victims will a number of key indicators that allow able. be advertised on the Internet. By one them to identify ads that are likely for If the Hyde amendment—which is estimate, 76 percent of child sex traf- trafficking victims. what this is—if that language comes ficking victims—76 percent of them are In this advertisement we see three of out, this bill will pass easily. sold over the Internet. those key indicators. First, the title Let me address for a moment the My staff and I have spoken with a states the victim is ‘‘New to your enormous problem we are trying to ad- number of law enforcement officials in City.’’ Anti-trafficking organizations dress with this bill. Today, high de- California about the Internet’s role in say this is code for being underage. mand and easy access fuels a huge connecting sellers of underage children You may also see girls in ads described amount of sex trafficking. Human traf- with buyers. Nearly every single offi- as ‘‘new,’’ ‘‘fresh,’’ or ‘‘new in town’’ to ficking today is the second largest cial we spoke with said the Internet is indicate they are underage. Second, we criminal industry in the world. It is the primary means to connect sellers see a victim is listed from outside the only behind illegal drugs. with buyers. So this is where we next area. Here she is listed as from Miami In 2005, human trafficking was a $32 must take decisive steps to stop sex for a posting that is in the Houston billion criminal enterprise. Today, trafficking. Purveyors of these online area. some 9 years later, it is a $150 billion ads must be held accountable. Senator Third, the victim also has an out-of- estimate of illegal gains. Two-thirds of KIRK and I have an amendment that area phone number. the proceeds from human trafficking will do that. Those are three indicators of what come from sex trafficking. There are at least 19 distinct Web this ad is for—to sell sex with children. Children as young as 12, 13, and 14 sites that accept ads relating to traf- Law enforcement and experts confirm can be found on the street or over the ficking underage boys and girls. Here this point. Internet. It is not an exaggeration to they are: Backpage.com; EscortAds The Cook County Sheriff’s Office in say that this is modern-day slavery. .xxx; ErosAds.com; Illinois found that 100 percent of Those victims are moved against their EscortsInCollege.com; women claiming to be massage thera- will to cities throughout the country AsianEscortSF.com; EscortsInThe.us; pists or platonic escorts on one Web and even to other countries, wherever LiveEscortReviews.com; MyProvider site, Backpage, were being sold for sex. demand is high. Guide.com; EroticMugShots.com; This isn’t mine, this is the Cook Coun- Trafficking rings are also run by NaughtyReviews.com; EscortPhone ty Sheriff’s Office. gangs. In San Diego, for example, prof- List.com; RubAds.com; Eros.com; The sheriff’s office set up so-called its are so great and the risk of being TheEroticReview.com; RubMaps.com; dates with 618 girls via Backpage. All caught so minimal that rival gangs do APerfectSin.com; EscortDater.com; 618 agreed to provide sex for money. not fight each other over sex traf- MyRedBook.com; and NightShift.com. The sheriff’s office concluded: ‘‘This ficking, as they do when drugs are in- Nineteen Web sites act as purveyors of presents irrefutable evidence that volved. child sex trafficking in this country. Backpage is indeed a haven for pimps Some traffickers make as much as They ought to be ashamed of them- and sex solicitors who are victimizing $33,000 per week. These are numbers selves. women and girls for their own gain. gathered by the Urban Institute: At- This site I am going to show you, Any notion that Backpage employs a lanta, gross take per trafficker per Backpage.com, allows a purveyor to legitimate business model simply does week, $32,833; Denver, $31,200; Seattle, post an advertisement for an escort or not stand up to the facts.’’ $18,000; Miami, $17,741; Dallas, $12,025; a body rub. In fact, nearly all of these This is a direct letter from Sheriff Washington, DC, $11,588; and San ads are for commercial sex acts; many Tom Dart, Cook County, IL. Diego, $11,129. This is weekly gross of them depict minors. When you view Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- cash intake per individual trafficker. an ad for an escort or a body rub, you sent to have printed in the RECORD a Traffickers lure victims through will see pictures of young girls, often memorandum to Sheriff Tom Dart. promises of love and money or some- with few or no clothes on. There being no objection, the mate- times use an older trafficked girl as a Now I am going to show you two rial was ordered to be printed in the recruiter. Those criminals prey on the girls. The first is a missing 17-year-old RECORD, as follows: most vulnerable children in our soci- girl. She is here as a runaway. This is COOK COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE MEMORANDUM ety, including those who are homeless a listing of the National Center for Date: 6/9/2014. or in the foster care system. They tar- Missing and Exploited Children, a very To: Sheriff Thomas J. Dart. get children who have been victims of legitimate organization which I am From: Deputy Chief Michael Anton, Cook sexual abuse. Once they have a victim fully in support of. It is entitled ‘‘En- County Sheriff’s Police. under their control, they may traffic dangered Runaway,’’ and it is informa- Subject: Backpage.com Arrests. him or her from city to city based on tion about her, her date of birth, her Per Sheriff Dart’s direction, the Cook demand. age, her sex, her race, and all of it, and County Sheriff’s Police Vice Unit has uti- lized Backpage.com as its primary forum for For example, this is a slide of Cali- where you can get in touch if you have fornia. It is from the Orange County recovering victims of human trafficking in any information. Cook County. Please find our year-to-year Human Trafficking Task Force, and it I wish to show how this is also used. Backpage arrest statistics shows the route traffickers take to This is the same girl on Backpage, and Cook County Sheriff’s Police Arrests Off of move victims around the State of Cali- this essentially says: Backpage: fornia to meet demand. You can see Hello Texas, 2009: 142 these circles from Oakland to Sac- Are you looking for an unforgettable expe- 2010: 108 ramento and then down into the Inland rience? Look no further! 2011: 63

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:48 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.054 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 2012: 121 children from being trafficked on the Inter- Joseph Foster, New Hampshire Attor- 2013: 135 net by passing S. 2536, the Stop Advertising ney General. 2014 (through the end of May): 49 Victims of Exploitation Act (SAVE Act). Gary King, New Mexico Attorney Gen- Total: 618 Human trafficking is tied as the second eral; Roy Cooper, North Carolina At- Additionally, the Cook County Sheriff’s largest and is the fastest growing criminal torney General; Gilbert Birnbrich, Police Vice Unit has made 42 arrests for In- industry in the world, generating roughly Northern Mariana Islands Attorney voluntary Servitude, Human Trafficking or $150 billion each year. According to a study General (Acting); Scott Pruitt, Okla- Prostitution since 2007, with many of those of Department of Justice human trafficking homa Attorney General; Ellen F. investigations originating from responses to task force cases, 83 percent of sex trafficking Rosenblum, Oregon Attorney General; Backpage ads. victims identified in the United States were Ce´sar R. Mı´randa Rodriguez, Puerto It is important to note that 100% of the U.S. citizens. Shockingly, there are numer- Rico Attorney General; Alan Wilson, women claiming to be massage therapists or ous cases nationally of children being used in South Carolina Attorney General; Her- platonic escorts on Backpage have accepted prostitution as young as 12. bert H. Slatery, III, Tennessee Attor- the offer of money for sex from our under- Every day, children in the United States ney General; Sean Reyes, Utah Attor- cover male officers. Our team has set up are sold for sex. The use of the ‘‘adult serv- ney General; Mark R. Herring, Virginia ‘‘dates’’ with 618 via this website—all 618 ices sections’’ on websites such as Attorney General; Peter K. Michael, have turned out to be prostitutes. This pre- Backpage.com has created virtual brothels Wyoming Attorney General; Kathleen sents irrefutable evidence that Backpage is where children are bought and sold using eu- Kane, Pennsylvania Attorney General; indeed a haven for pimps and sex solicitors phemistic labels such as ‘‘escorts.’’ The in- Peter Kilmartin, Rhode Island Attor- who are victimizing women and girls for volvement of these advertising companies is ney General; Marty J. Jackley, South their own gain. Any notion that Backpage not accidental—these companies have con- Dakota Attorney General; Greg Ab- structed their business models around in- employs a legitimate business model simply bott, Texas Attorney General; William come gained from those participating in does not stand up to the facts. H. Sorrell, Vermont Attorney General; commercial sex. In just one week this June, Patrick Morrisey, West Virginia Attor- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. A study of ads law enforcement arrested 281 alleged sex ney General. placed in this year’s Super Bowl in traffickers and took 168 children out of pros- Phoenix concludes that 65 percent of titution in a nationwide FBI crackdown Mrs. FEINSTEIN. The attorneys gen- the ads placed on Backpage’s Phoenix where many child victims were offered for eral wrote: Web site around the weekend of the sale on ‘‘escort’’ and other ‘‘adult services’’ The use of the ‘‘adult services sections’’ on game had indicators that the ad was websites. Organized crime groups as well as websites such as Backpage.com has created street gangs are involved with human traf- virtual brothels where children are bought for a victim of sex trafficking. ficking, and many of these perpetrators use Simply put, there are Internet com- and sold using euphemistic labels such as the Internet to sell their victims. ‘‘escorts.’’ panies that are profiting off the rape The undersigned attorneys general respect- and abuse of children. This must stop. fully request that the Senate Judiciary Com- This is a quote from a letter to this One way we can combat sex traf- mittee pass the SAVE Act so that these effect—I don’t want anybody to think ficking over the Internet is to make it websites that are facilitating trafficking this is what I am saying, it is what a crime for a person such as the owner through their very business model will have they are saying. of a Web site to knowingly advertise a to take steps to verify the identity of indi- The use of the term ‘‘adult services sec- viduals posting advertisements and the age commercial sex act with a minor. As I tions’’ on websites such as Backpage.com has of those who appear in these advertisements. created virtual brothels where children are said, Senator KIRK and I have intro- We thank you in advance for your contin- bought and sold using euphemistic labels duced such an amendment. It would ued dedication to the eradication of human such as ‘‘escorts.’’ create a new offense of knowingly ad- trafficking. Put simply, if you have knowledge vertising a commercial sex act with a Greg Zoeller, Indiana Attorney General; that an advertisement placed on your minor on the Internet. Luther Strange, Alabama Attorney Web site is for commercial sex with a The amendment is identical to a General; Tom Horne, Arizona Attorney minor, then you should be prosecuted. House bill that has 52 cosponsors and General; Kamala Harris, California At- torney General; George Jepsen, Con- That is what our amendment would do. passed that Chamber by voice vote. necticut Attorney General; Irvin Na- I have no doubt that prohibiting mis- If we come to a point where we are than, District of Columbia Attorney conduct by a Web site owner is con- voting on amendments to Senator COR- General; Robert W. Ferguson, Wash- stitutional. As the Supreme Court has NYN’s bill, I urge my colleagues to sup- ington Attorney General; Michael held on several occasions: ‘‘Offers to port this amendment, and I know Sen- Geraghty, Alaska Attorney General; engage in illegal transactions are cat- ator KIRK and I would bring it to the Dustin McDaniel, Arkansas Attorney egorically excluded from First Amend- floor. General; John W. Suthers, Colorado At- ment protection.’’ Last October, 53 attorneys general of- torney General; Joseph R. ‘‘Beau’’ In fact, the Supreme Court in 1973 fered a letter to the Senate Judiciary Biden III , Delaware Attorney General; Pamela Jo Bondi, Florida Attorney wrote: ‘‘We have no doubt that a news- Committee in support of the bill that General; Samuel S. Olens, Georgia At- paper constitutionally could be forbid- Senator KIRK and I introduced last torney General; David Louie, Hawaii den to publish a want ad proposing a June that is similar to the amendment. Attorney General; Lisa Madigan, Illi- sale of narcotics or soliciting pros- This is the list of the attorneys gen- nois Attorney General; Derek Schmidt, Kansas Attorney General; James titutes.’’ eral. This amendment targets illegal con- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- ‘‘Buddy’’ Caldwell, Louisiana Attorney duct—commercial sex with minors— sent to have printed in the RECORD the General; Douglas F. Gansler, Maryland that would not be protected by the letter of 53 attorneys general. Attorney General. Bill Schuette, Michigan Attorney Gen- First Amendment. There being no objection, the mate- eral; Lenny Rapadas, Guam Attorney It imposes liability on Web sites that rial was ordered to be printed in the General; Lawrence Wasden, Idaho At- know that their sites are being used to RECORD, as follows: torney General; Tom Miller, Iowa At- advertise minors for sex. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF torney General; Jack Conway, Ken- In conclusion, the Internet has made ATTORNEYS GENERAL, tucky Attorney General; Janet Mills, this industry what it is, the second Washington, DC, October 20, 2014. Maine Attorney General; Martha largest criminal industry in the world, Hon. PATRICK LEAHY, Coakley, Massachusetts Attorney Gen- Chairman, Senate Judiciary Committee, Wash- eral; Lori Swanson, Minnesota Attor- second only to drugs, and it is up to us ington, DC. ney General; Jim Hood, Mississippi At- to do something about it. Hon. CHUCK GRASSLEY, torney General; Tim Fox, Montana At- One of our duties in this body is to Ranking Member, Senate Judiciary Committee, torney General; Catherine Cortez protect the most vulnerable of individ- Washington, DC. Masto, Nevada Attorney General; John uals. That includes children, and this is DEAR CHAIRMAN LEAHY AND RANKING MEM- Jay Hoffman, New Jersey Attorney what this amendment does. BER GRASSLEY: We, the undersigned state General (Acting); Eric T. Some say other parts of the bill will and territorial attorneys general, urge you Schneiderman, New York Attorney help stop sex trafficking, and we don’t to join us in the fight against human traf- General; Wayne Stenehjem, North Da- ficking in the United States. We commend kota Attorney General; Michael need to touch the Internet. That makes your recent action to pass legislation to in- DeWine, Ohio Attorney General; Chris no sense to me. Seventy-six percent of crease federal penalties and victim restitu- Koster, Missouri Attorney General; Jon sales of sex trafficking victims begin tion and encourage you to act to protect Bruning, Nebraska Attorney General; on the Internet. So you can just touch

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:48 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.024 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1623 a small part of it—this touches 76 per- lost physically. They may have been There was no open discussion in our cent of victims. abused, and now they are caught up in committee when we discussed this that We cannot allow these Web sites to an industry where they are held hos- there was a highly sensitive issue in it, continue to operate with impunity. It tage in the night. Senator. is time to take a stand, stop the ads, I have read of some in a neighbor- Now, I will plead mea culpa. And and stop the exploitation of children. hood in my city being handcuffed at guess what. I will wave a whip and get I look forward to Senator KIRK com- night, stripped, so they don’t have my staff and say: Look henceforth at ing to the floor, presenting our amend- clothes and can’t run away. They are every code change. But my colleague ment, assuming we can get past this put out on the streets, they are and I both know that occasionally block. This is so much more important watched. They are moved around. If it things slip through. I will plead mea than putting the Hyde amendment, becomes too hot in one area, they are culpa on that. But once I found out, I cloaked in difficult language, in this moved to another. They are moved to had an obligation to do something bill, when the House bill doesn’t con- another State, and they come from about it. tain it. The House understands that it other countries. So I am pleading with my colleague, is going to have difficulty passing it It just seems to me to have this in let’s just take it out. Let’s just pass with this in the bill. Why isn’t that this bill—and, Senator, I have great re- this bill. Let’s put the Kirk-Feinstein recognized in this House? If they take spect for you. I have wanted to work amendment in. Let’s go after the Inter- that out, this bill swims through. with you on this. I know you are sin- net purveyors. Let’s go after 19 sites Mr. CORNYN. Will the Senator yield cere. that put pictures of girls 12, 13, and 14 for a question? It is not in the House bill. So maybe to be sold all around the United States, Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I yield to the Sen- the House understands this. I can’t to be sold after big football games in ator. speak for the House. various areas of the country. Let’s go Mr. CORNYN. I was in my office and Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask after them. Isn’t that more important? watching the Senator on TV, so I unanimous consent to engage in a col- I would like to ask my colleague a thought I would come to the floor and loquy. question. maybe we could get to the bottom of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. CORNYN. That is the reason I this. There seems to be a ship passing objection? am so confused by the filibuster of this in the night, it seems to me. Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I am pleased to do legislation by people, including my I know the Senator from California so. friend, who are cosponsors of the legis- cares passionately about this issue, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without lation and who already voted for it. I am not about pointing fingers in I don’t question that for a moment. It objection, it is so ordered. terms of what staff or Members should is very clear to me. But I ask the Sen- Mr. CORNYN. Otherwise, we are have read or understood about the leg- ator from California, she graciously going to have to keep addressing ques- islation, but I believe the reason it was agreed to cosponsor this legislation? tions through the Chair and keep ask- not debated at the Judiciary Com- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I did. ing for permission. I think it is great mittee level is because it had become a Mr. CORNYN. She voted for it in the to have an honest conversation with routine matter since 1976, when the Senate Judiciary Committee that my friend. Hyde amendment was passed. Every ap- passed unanimously. It does contain, So it is clear that the Senator from propriation of Labor-HHS or other on page 50 and 51 of this bill, the lan- California has voted for this restriction funding that could arguably use tax guage that the Senator referred to. I on use of taxpayer funding for abor- dollars for abortions has been limited saw it on my TV screen in my office, tions previously, correct? by the Hyde amendment language. which incorporates the limitation that Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Not to my knowl- I had a couple of Senators in my of- was contained in the Consolidated Ap- edge. Let me put it that way. Now you fice yesterday afternoon who are propriations Act of 2014. It incor- can blame me and say I should have proudly pro-choice. I am proudly pro- porates that into the bill by reference. known—I am not the only one on our life. But even my pro-choice friends Not only—I believe the Senator voted committee, Senator, who is in this po- said we still believe taxpayer funds for the bill in committee and cospon- sition, either, who communicated with should not be used for abortions except sored it. The Senator also voted for your staff and was under the impres- in the case of rape or to protect the that limitation in the Consolidated Ap- sion that the bill was identical to last health of the victim. propriations Act of 2014. This is the year, with the exception of seven Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Well, why then, if I same or similar language of what was pieces, which are not this. The seven may ask a question, respectfully. contained in the Affordable Care Act, were detailed to us. Mr. CORNYN. Sure. contained in the Defense authorization Mr. CORNYN. I am not going to en- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Why isn’t it in the bill, and contained in literally every gage in a debate about whether the House language? appropriations bill since 1976. Senator should have known or how she Mr. CORNYN. I would say to my This is what I would love to have my voted in the past. I believe the record friend that I can’t vouch for the friend, the Senator from California, ex- would demonstrate that she and others House’s product. I can just say what plain to me: Why is it that it all of a voted for the Affordable Care Act, the Congress as a whole has done since sudden becomes objectionable on this which actually National Abortion 1976, and it has limited the expenditure legislation—when you care and I care Rights Action League says is an expan- of funds for this purpose under the so passionately about getting help for sion of the Hyde amendment. terms of the Hyde amendment. these victims—that this is the reason I ask the Senator, you rightly point That was the reason we referred in to derail the legislation? out that these child victims of sexual the legislation, on page 50, which my Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Because of what assault will have been raped, either colleague has blown up here, referring this legislation is. This legislation is statutory rape—they are below the age to the language in the Committee on the raping and the misconduct, sexu- of consent—or they are adults and they Appropriations, which I am confident ally, with young girls, girls 14, 15, and have been assaulted, criminally as- my friend, the Senator from California, 16. What if they are impregnated? saulted. voted for, just as she did in the limita- Should they be entitled to be able to go Isn’t it your understanding of the tion that was contained in the Afford- and get an abortion? Does this body Hyde amendment that the exclusion to able Care Act and all the other times really want them to be forced to bear the Hyde amendment would still allow that Hyde has been part of our process. somebody else’s child? them to gain access to the services This has become so unremarkable and So this offers the opportunity for that you believe they need or deserve? so routine that it hardly seems like some funding. These aren’t wealthy Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Yes. I think that is something someone would point out be- girls. They don’t live in Beverly Hills, correct. I suppose we could change this cause this language doesn’t change the Hyde Park, or any of these places that to have a rape implication, but the status quo at all. are prominent. They are on the streets. gauntlet has been thrown down. And it So we have talked about ways to get They are lost, maybe lost mentally, is not up to me alone to remove it. past this impasse, and I would just

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.059 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 have to say I think abandoning the world today, and we are sitting here ar- sibility for administering the Crime Hyde amendment would be a dramatic guing essentially about the avail- Victims’ Compensation Fund as part of mistake and something I am not will- ability of an abortion in this area. To my duties of office, and we worked very ing to be a part of. It has become this me, that is so secondary to the enor- directly with victims groups, including one area, in a divisive area of abortion, mous harm that is being done. those who took care of very young chil- where there has been bipartisan con- I have great respect for my colleague. dren who had been sexually assaulted, sensus for 39 years, at least to the He has been a very distinguished jurist sometimes by members of their own point it has remained the law of the in his State. He makes sense when he family—just the worst, the most rep- land effectively. To take it out and say speaks on the Judiciary Committee. rehensible sorts of crimes. somehow we are going to depart from We have listened to each other for But if I can ask the Senator just one that today or this week would, to me, more than a decade now. Let this drop. last question. Of course, we have had be a dramatic expansion of taxpayer Let us get on with the work of this the procedural vote on the floor, twice funding for this purpose that I can’t bill—and the work of this bill isn’t now, where Democrats have blocked support. completed until we get some of the our ability to both vote on amend- So I would say, if there are ways we amendments that relate to the bill— ments, including amendments the Sen- can deal with this fund, as a fund that and then I think we can debate this an- ator may have with the Senator from can be appropriated on an annual basis other day. Illinois, Mr. KIRK. Why is there an ob- subject to the normal restrictions— I would say I plead a mea culpa. I jection to processing those amend- that is something I talked about with wish I had known. All I can say is I did ments and allowing the Senate to work the ranking member, our friend from not know. Is that my fault? Probably. its will? Why can’t we vote on them? Vermont, that possibility—I think But I didn’t know. So if you don’t Why can’t the Democratic minority there are ways we might be able to get know, and you make a mistake, isn’t take up the majority leader’s offer for to a solution. But stripping out this the right thing to try to set that right? a vote to strip the language out that limitation, which has been the law of That is what we have tried to do, and your side objects to? the land for 39 years, is not acceptable women on our side, and some on my Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Can I answer that because it would represent a huge ex- colleague’s side, feel very strongly as honestly as I feel? pansion on the use of taxpayer funding about this. Mr. CORNYN. I wish the Senator for abortions in ways many of my pro- My colleague knows over the years would. choice friends don’t support. we have lost virtually every battle that Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Because there are Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Well, I guess I dis- has been on this floor and we are tired many of us who believe this is one agree with that. Those of us who be- of it. So we are taking a stand and we small step for womankind. It is one lieve a woman should control her own are going to hold that stand. battle we can win, and we have had loss reproductive system, in concert with Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I obvi- after loss after loss. her family and her doctor, have objec- ously don’t agree with my friend from You know, many of us ran on the tion to the government getting in- California, but I respect her for answer- right to choose. I was one of them. I volved and telling us what to do. It is ing the questions I have posed here am old enough to have seen the way it actually not your reproductive sys- today. I just find it a terrible shame we was before, to have sentenced women tem—and I say ‘‘you’’ generically, as a are going to relitigate what has been who committed illegal abortions with man—it is our reproductive system. In the law of the land for 39 years on this coat hangers. That is sort of the sys- a sense this has been a battle for our bill in a way that would block help to temic root of all of this. It is our his- identity. the very people I know the Senator tory, Senator. We are trying to change I sat on a term-setting and paroling from California cares so passionately that history, and we keep losing. So authority in California in the 1960s, about. there is one small thing in this. when abortion was illegal. I sentenced If we are going to undo the Hyde My colleague is right, we didn’t see women to State prison for abortion. It amendment, which the Senator has it, and we have to live with that. I un- had then an indeterminate sentence of voted for in some form or another re- derstand that. But now we see it and between 6 months and 10 years. I saw peatedly over the years, then we are we are trying to do something about it abortionists come back to prison. I not going to make any progress. If we and, thankfully, our party is standing asked one, when I was setting the sen- can find some other way to structure up with us. So we say make that small tence: Why do you keep doing this? Her the funds so the appropriators will change and we pass this bill, and first name was Anita. And she said: Be- have a more direct role in appro- maybe we can even strengthen it with cause I feel so sorry for the women. priating the fines and penalties paid amendments. That was the way it was. I remember into this fund on an annual basis, I My colleague has done a superior job passing the plate at Stanford for a think maybe there is some room to in putting the bill together. Let it go. young woman to go to Tijuana for an talk. But I thank the Senator for her Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I would abortion. The morbidity that was done courtesy in answering my questions. I just say, in conclusion, that I think it to women through back-alley abor- am sorry we find ourselves at this log- is a terrible shame that my colleague’s tions, this has opened a Pandora’s box gerhead, but I hope at some point that side of the aisle has decided to take of big emotional issues for women. can be resolved. this bill hostage to try to litigate As to the Hyde amendment, if there Mrs. FEINSTEIN. May I say one something that has been the law of the is rape and you can prove it, that is more thing? It is my understanding— land for 39 years. I understand she feels right; and then there is a 12-year-old, a breaking news coming here—that there passionately about it. I don’t question 13-year-old who is out on the streets as is no language in Federal statute on that for a minute—the sincerity of my a prostitute, which is a different sex trafficking that defines a traf- colleague’s deeply held personal views. thing—sort of the same but sort of dif- ficking survivor as a victim of rape. So But why in the world would my col- ferent. The overwhelming evil of this the victim would have to prove she is a leagues take as a hostage a piece of trade overcomes any of this, because victim of rape. legislation that is going to help those you take a young woman, and you Now, look at what happens. I don’t 100,000 children who are sex-trafficked probably change their life for the worse know if in my colleague’s legal career each year? Why should they suffer so for the rest of her life. it took him close to very young vic- my colleagues can make a point on this Imagine your daughter being out on tims of this who cover up and who particular piece of legislation? the street; my daughter, my grand- don’t want to let people know. I am I don’t understand that and I think it daughters being out on the street like sure my colleague knows all of the vi- is a terrible shame. this and what it would do to them cissitudes, the hard life. We are asking Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Well, let me an- being handcuffed and moved and traded someone to prove it. swer a question with a question. Why around the country and girls brought Mr. CORNYN. I would say to my doesn’t my colleague just take it out? from Nepal through India, all over Eu- friend that when I was attorney gen- It is not in the House bill. Then we rope. This is what is going on in the eral of Texas for 4 years, I had respon- don’t have to conference it, we don’t

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.060 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1625 have to have another fight, we can get store a voice in our democracy for mil- Americans who have been released the amendments in the bill to lions of Americans who cannot vote from prison. It would require prisons strengthen the bill, and we can move simply because they have a criminal receiving Federal funds notify people on, with the two parties together doing conviction. I thank Senator CARDIN for about their right to vote in Federal something that is right for the Nation. his leadership on this issue. I am hon- elections upon leaving prison or being Why don’t we do it? ored to be an original cosponsor of this sentenced to probation. It would em- Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I would important criminal justice reform leg- power the Department of Justice and say to my friend, I don’t blame her for islation. former offenders harmed by a violation asking, but why in the world would we The right to vote for all is a principle of this legislation with the right to change settled law for 39 years in order that goes to the very heart of all de- sue. to accommodate the minority’s view mocracy. Voting is a fundamental This bill corrects a civil rights on this bill, and to change, as I said, right because it is the right from which wrong. It would sweep away the last what has been the law of the land? all other rights derive. Participation in vestige of Jim Crow laws. It would out- Since the Senator voted for this very the political process is about giving a law State disenfranchisement laws language previously this year in the voice to the voiceless. It is about who that have a disparate impact on racial Judiciary Committee—since she co- we are as a Nation and whether we minorities. It would provide a uniform sponsored it, I don’t really understand want citizens that contribute to our so- standard to govern the restoration of it since she voted for the legislation ciety to have a say in who represents voting rights. that is referred to here that has that them in the Federal Government. This bill reforms the criminal justice amendment. Does the Senator see this The road to extend voting rights to system. Every year, over 600,000 people as breaking new ground? Is she trying all Americans has been long and not leave prison. We must find ways to re- to expand or eliminate the Hyde without bumps. Our country was found- integrate them back into the commu- amendment? ed at a time when African Americans nity. Civic participation gives ex-of- Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I see it for stand- were denied the right to vote. For over fenders a stake in government, which ing up for a principle. I know some- a hundred years, we silenced entire motivates law-abiding behavior and re- thing about these girls. I know some- populations of Americans and deemed duces the likelihood of future crimes. thing about the history of abortion in them unworthy of participating in the No evidence exists that denying voting this country. I am old enough to have political process merely because of rights to people after release from pris- gone through it and know that I don’t their race. on reduces crime. To the contrary, it want to go back to those days. I don’t During his famous Gettysburg Ad- makes sense that people who have paid want young women who take the law dress, President Lincoln called for the their debt to society should reclaim now so much for granted to have to re- country to have a ‘‘new birth of free- their rights. turn back. dom.’’ After the Civil War, the States This bill builds off of the progress in This is just one small step. There is ratified the Civil War Amendments to the States. Recently, 8 States have ei- nothing wrong with accommodating the Constitution to honor President ther repealed or amended lifetime dis- the minority on what is a relatively Lincoln’s promise. One of those amend- enfranchisement laws. Two states ex- small point. In the House, 435 people ments, the Fifteenth Amendment, gave panded voting rights to persons on pro- over there didn’t want it in. So why African Americans the right to vote. bation or parole. Ten States eased the not accommodate the minority? The Decades later, the Nineteenth Amend- restoration process for people seeking Senator just comes out a bigger person. ment gave women suffrage. to have their right to vote restored Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I would Despite this progress, many States after the completion of their sentence. say to my friend I appreciate her cour- passed laws during the Jim Crow era to The Federal Government should follow tesy and her indulgence in having this disenfranchise African Americans, in- their lead. conversation. I also feel on principle cluding literacy tests, poll taxes, and Nothing is more powerful than an this limitation on tax dollars is an ap- grandfather clauses. These States also idea whose time has come. This Con- propriate one. I understand the Sen- passed laws that banned people with gress can remedy the barriers to full ator disagrees and she would like to certain convictions from voting. With citizenship faced by millions of for- eliminate this from this point forward. the passage of the Voting Rights Act of merly incarcerated people in our coun- But I am simply unable on principle to 1965, many of these State try, if this bill is enacted into law. Re- accommodate the Senator in that re- disenfranchising laws were outlawed. storing the right to vote is good public quest. But the ban on voting for people with policy. As I said, I do appreciate her cour- certain convictions was not touched To protect basic public safety and tesy. and it remains the law in many States. strengthen the core of our democracy, Mrs. FEINSTEIN. I appreciate it, Today, 35 States restrict voting I urge my fellow Senators to support too. And I appreciate the discussion. rights of persons who were formerly in- the Democracy Restoration Act and Principle doesn’t know minority and carcerated. In fact, felony disenfran- quickly pass this important legisla- majority. Principle is deeply held. chisement laws prevent 5.85 million tion. I thank the Senator very much. Americans from voting. This is a stag- f I yield the floor. gering number of Americans that do not have a say in our political process. CONGRATULATING NANCIE I suggest the absence of a quorum. ATWELL The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LEE). Punishment is a legitimate goal of The clerk will call the roll. our justice system. But once someone Ms. COLLINS. Mr. President, I wish The senior assistant legislative clerk has served their time and been re- to recognize the inspiring accomplish- proceeded to call the roll. leased, we must help our fellow citizens ments of Nancie Atwell from Southport, ME, who was awarded the Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I get back on their feet. As President ask unanimous consent that the order George W. Bush said in his State of the first Global Teacher Prize by the for the quorum call be rescinded. Union Address in 2004, ‘‘America is the Varkey Foundation. This inter- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without land of second chance, and when the national, nonprofit organization is objection, it is so ordered. gates of the prison open, the path committed to improving the quality of ahead should lead to a better life.’’ To education worldwide. Nancie’s selec- f further punish people who are back in tion as the foundation’s first ever prize MORNING BUSINESS the community by denying them the recipient is a testament to her out- right to vote counters the expectation standing contributions to the teaching that citizens have rehabilitated them- profession and her effect on countless DEMOCRACY RESTORATION ACT selves after a conviction. students and teachers. The $1 million Mr. BOOKER. Mr. President, I sup- The Democracy Restoration Act prize was awarded at a ceremony in port the Democracy Restoration Act. would restore voting rights in Federal Dubai attended by former President This important legislation would re- elections to millions of disenfranchised Bill Clinton and Sheikh Mohammed

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:48 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.061 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1626 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Min- Under Nancie’s leadership, the Center H.R. 1191. An act to amend the Internal ister of the United Arab Emirates. for Teaching & Learning has earned na- Revenue Code of 1986 to ensure that emer- Heralded as the ‘‘Nobel Prize of tional praise. How wonderful it is that gency services volunteers are not taken into Teaching,’’ the prestigious Global Nancie’s work has now earned global account as employees under the shared re- Teacher Prize shines a spotlight on the sponsibility requirements contained in the recognition. The people of Maine—and Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. critical role that teachers play in our especially its students—are fortunate society. Nancie was selected from more to have such a pioneering and driven f than 5,000 nominations received from educator fighting for a brighter future. MEASURES REFERRED 120 countries. The candidates were Nancie is a remarkable ambassador for The following bill was read the first evaluated based on their innovative both the State of Maine and our coun- and the second times by unanimous teaching practices, including their try, and I congratulate her on this out- consent, and referred as indicated: ability to prepare students to be global standing accomplishment. citizens. H.R. 1029. An act to amend the Environ- The pool of thousands was narrowed f mental Research, Development, and Dem- down to a group of 10 remarkable nomi- RECOGNIZING TONY ALEXANDER onstration Authorization Act of 1978 to pro- vide for Scientific Advisory Board member nees, including teachers from Afghani- Mrs. CAPITO. Mr. President, I wish qualifications, public participation, and for stan, India, Kenya, Haiti, Malaysia, to recognize Tony Alexander, executive other purposes; to the Committee on Envi- Cambodia, and the United States. chairman of the board of FirstEnergy ronment and Public Works. Within this elite group, Nancie Atwell Corporation. Tony’s 43-year career at f rose above the rest. Nancie has been a FirstEnergy and its predecessor compa- MEASURES READ THE FIRST TIME teacher since 1973. In 1990, she used nies was characterized by a commit- money from her own pocket to found ment to superior customer service, The following bill was read the first the Center for Teaching & Learning, an greater value to shareholders, and time: independent demonstration school that more opportunities for employees. As H.R. 1191. An act to amend the Internal educates students from kindergarten FirstEnergy’s longest serving chief ex- Revenue Code of 1986 to ensure that emer- through eighth grade in the small town ecutive officer, Tony’s vision, drive, gency services volunteers are not taken into of Edgecomb. Her vision was to foster a and leadership helped propel the com- account as employees under the shared re- more meaningful education for Maine sponsibility requirements contained in the pany to the forefront of the energy in- students. The center serves a close- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. dustry. knit population of approximately 75 Through Tony’s management, Akron- f students who travel from several sur- based Ohio Edison quadrupled in size to rounding towns because they are at- EXECUTIVE AND OTHER become today’s FirstEnergy. Over the tracted to the school’s small class COMMUNICATIONS course of his career, he guided the com- sizes, research-based curriculum, and The following communications were pany through significant mergers, ac- teacher outreach programs. laid before the Senate, together with In a gesture that exemplifies her deep quisitions, and divestitures; complex accompanying papers, reports, and doc- commitment to her students, Nancie regulatory and environmental chal- uments, and were referred as indicated: announced that she intends to donate lenges; and a wide range of operational and financial issues. His willingness to EC–941. A communication from the Direc- every last penny of the $1 million prize tor of the Regulatory Management Division, back to her school to support its re- push hard for important ideas and poli- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- sources, scholarships, library, and to cies made him a strong advocate dur- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- replace its worn out furnace. ing one of the most challenging periods titled ‘‘Dimethomorph; Pesticide Toler- Nancie, who has authored many in the history of the electric industry. ances’’ (FRL No. 9923–59) received in the Of- books and articles about education and Tony’s principled leadership has also fice of the President of the Senate on March hosted 140 education workshops, em- shown through his tireless work to im- 12, 2015; to the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. bodies a teaching philosophy based on prove his community. As a recognized leader in his community, he currently EC–942. A communication from the Direc- student engagement, not just assign- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, ments. She encourages her pupils to serves as an advisor to the boards of Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- identify and pursue their passions. By trustees for Akron Tomorrow, Team ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- enabling students to choose to read and NEO, and the University of Akron. Ad- titled ‘‘Boscalid; Pesticide Tolerances’’ (FRL write about what interests them, the ditionally, he serves on the board of di- No. 9921–01) received in the Office of the center has created an environment rectors and President’s Advancement President of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to where children are excited to learn and Council of the Austen BioInnovation the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, eager to demonstrate their knowledge. Institute. and Forestry. In addition to teaching students, the Tony’s service has not gone without EC–943. A communication from the Chief of the Planning and Regulatory Affairs Branch, center does remarkable work teaching notice. He has been awarded the Dr. Food and Nutrition Service, Department of teachers. Educators from other schools Frank L. Simonetti Distinguished Agriculture, transmitting, pursuant to law, regularly visit the center for profes- Business Alumni Award from the Uni- the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Professional sional development. Once there, they versity of Akron—a testament to his Standards for State and Local School Nutri- observe school-wide morning meetings, community leadership. tion Programs Personnel as Required by the libraries in every classroom, and stu- I congratulate Tony, his wife Becky, Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010’’ dent-driven writing workshops. The and their four sons for the profound (RIN0584–AE19) received in the Office of the center facilitates a teacher internship impact he has made throughout his President of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to program that pairs visiting educators the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, community and the energy industry. and Forestry. with teachers at the school. These in- f EC–944. A communication from the Con- tern-teachers observe and confer about gressional Review Coordinator, Animal and instruction methods and leave MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE Plant Health Inspection Service, Department equipped to make substantive changes At 11:09 a.m., a message from the of Agriculture, transmitting, pursuant to back in their own schools. House of Representatives, delivered by law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Gypsy In her acceptance speech, Nancie Mr. Novotny, one of its reading clerks, Moth Generally Infested Areas; Additions in said: announced that the House has passed Minnesota, Virginia, West Virginia, and Wis- When children are engaged, when learning consin’’ (Docket No. APHIS–2014–0023) re- the following bills, in which it requests ceived during adjournment of the Senate in is joyful, those are the lessons that stick. the concurrence of the Senate: Those are the lessons that are worthwhile the Office of the President of the Senate on and meaningful and hang around. H.R. 1029. An act to amend the Environ- March 13, 2015; to the Committee on Agri- mental Research, Development, and Dem- culture, Nutrition, and Forestry. This philosophy has inspired teachers onstration Authorization Act of 1978 to pro- EC–945. A communication from the Assist- and students alike. In fact, it was one vide for Scientific Advisory Board member ant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense of Nancie’s former students who nomi- qualifications, public participation, and for and Global Security), transmitting, pursuant nated her for the prize. other purposes. to law, a report relative to a consolidated

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.052 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1627 budget justification display that includes all titled ‘‘Revisions to the California State Im- ternal Revenue Service, Department of the programs and activities of the Department of plementation Plan, South Coast Air Quality Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Defense combating terrorism program (OSS– Management District and Sacramento Met- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Reporting for Pre- 2015–0286); to the Committee on Armed Serv- ropolitan Air Quality Management District’’ mium; Basis Reporting by Securities Brokers ices. (FRL No. 9923–07–Region 9) received in the and Basis Determination for Debt Instru- EC–946. A communication from the Sec- Office of the President of the Senate on ments and Options’’ ((RIN1545–BL46 and retary of Defense, transmitting a report on March 12, 2015; to the Committee on Environ- RIN1545–BM60) (TD 9713)) received in the Of- the approved retirement of Lieutenant Gen- ment and Public Works. fice of the President of the Senate on March eral James L. Huggins, Jr., United States EC–957. A communication from the Direc- 12, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. Army, and his advancement to the grade of tor of the Regulatory Management Division, EC–965. A communication from the Chief of lieutenant general on the retired list; to the Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- Committee on Armed Services. ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- ternal Revenue Service, Department of the EC–947. A communication from the Acting titled ‘‘National Emission Standards for Haz- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and ardous Air Pollutants: Coal- and Oil-Fired report of a rule entitled ‘‘Empowerment Readiness), transmitting, pursuant to law, a Electric Steam Generating Units’’ (FRL No. Zone Designation Extension’’ (Notice 2015–26) report describing activities under the Sec- 9923–98–OAR) received in the Office of the received in the Office of the President of the retary of Defense personnel management President of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee demonstration project authorities for De- the Committee on Environment and Public on Finance. partment of Defense Science and Technology Works. EC–966. A communication from the Chief of Reinvention Laboratories (STRLs) for cal- EC–958. A communication from the Direc- the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- endar year 2014; to the Committee on Armed tor of the Regulatory Management Division, ternal Revenue Service, Department of the Services. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the EC–948. A communication from the Under ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Beginning of Con- Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readi- titled ‘‘Consolidated Rules of Practice Gov- struction for Sections 45 and 48’’ (Notice ness), transmitting the report of nine (9) offi- erning the Administrative Assessment of 2015–25) received in the Office of the Presi- cers authorized to wear the insignia of the Civil Penalties, Issuance of Compliance or dent of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to the grade of brigadier general in accordance with Corrective Action Orders, and the Revoca- Committee on Finance. title 10, United States Code, section 777; to tion, Termination or Suspension of Permits; EC–967. A communication from the Chief of the Committee on Armed Services. Correction’’ (FRL No. 9922–62–OECA) re- the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- EC–949. A communication from the Assist- ceived in the Office of the President of the ternal Revenue Service, Department of the ant Secretary of Defense (Legislative Af- Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the fairs), transmitting legislative proposals rel- on Environment and Public Works. report of a rule entitled ‘‘Rulings and Deter- ative to the ‘‘National Defense Authoriza- EC–959. A communication from the Direc- mination Letters’’ (Rev. Proc. 2015–21) re- tion Act for Fiscal Year 2016’’; to the Com- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, ceived in the Office of the President of the mittee on Armed Services. Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- EC–950. A communication from the Sec- on Finance. retary of the Treasury, transmitting, pursu- titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Imple- EC–968. A communication from the Chief of ant to law, a six-month periodic report on mentation Plans; Region 4 States; 2008 Lead, the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- the national emergency with respect to So- 2008 Ozone and 2010 Nitrogen Dioxide Preven- ternal Revenue Service, Department of the malia that was declared in Executive Order tion of Significant Deterioration Infrastruc- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the 13536 on April 12, 2010; to the Committee on ture Plans’’ (FRL No. 9924–47–Region 4) re- report of a rule entitled ‘‘2015 Calendar Year Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. ceived in the Office of the President of the Resident Population Figures’’ (Notice 2015– Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee EC–951. A communication from the Chair- 23) received in the Office of the President of on Environment and Public Works. man and President of the Export-Import the Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Com- EC–960. A communication from the Direc- Bank, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, mittee on Finance. port relative to a transaction involving U.S. EC–969. A communication from the Chief of Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- exports to South Korea; to the Committee on the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. ternal Revenue Service, Department of the titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air EC–952. A communication from the Asso- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana; ciate General Counsel for Legislation and report of a rule entitled ‘‘Notice Under Sec- Minor NSR for Title V and FESOP Sources’’ Regulations, Office of Public and Indian tion 529A’’ (Notice 2015–18) received in the Of- (FRL No. 9924–22–Region 5) received in the Housing, Department of Housing and Urban Office of the President of the Senate on fice of the President of the Senate on March Development, transmitting, pursuant to law, March 12, 2015; to the Committee on Environ- 12, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Removal of Ob- EC–970. A communication from the Chief of ment and Public Works. solete Section 8 Rental Assistance Certifi- EC–961. A communication from the Direc- the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- cate Program Regulations’’ (RIN2577–AC93) tor of the Regulatory Management Division, ternal Revenue Service, Department of the received in the Office of the President of the Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- report of a rule entitled ‘‘Safe Harbor Meth- on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air od for Determining a Wagering Gain or Loss EC–953. A communication from the Direc- Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; from Slot Machine Play’’ (Notice 2015–21) re- tor, Office of Management and Budget, Exec- Amendments to Gasoline Vapor Recovery ceived in the Office of the President of the utive Office of the President, transmitting, Requirements for Illinois’’ (FRL No. 9922–71– Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee pursuant to law, a report relative to discre- Region 5) received in the Office of the Presi- on Finance. tionary appropriations legislation; to the dent of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to the EC–971. A communication from the Chief of Committee on the Budget. Committee on Environment and Public the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- EC–954. A communication from the Chair- Works. ternal Revenue Service, Department of the man of the Federal Energy Regulatory Com- EC–962. A communication from the Direc- Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the mission, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- tor of the Regulatory Management Division, report of a rule entitled ‘‘User Fees and port relative to the status of all extensions Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- Change of Address for Submission of Applica- granted by Congress regarding the require- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- tions for Approval of Section 403(b) Pre-ap- ments of Section 13 of the Federal Power titled ‘‘Standards of Performance for New proved Plans’’ (Rev. Proc. 2015–22) received in Act; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- Residential Wood Heaters, New Residential the Office of the President of the Senate on ural Resources. Hydronic Heaters and Forced-Air Furnaces’’ March 12, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. EC–955. A communication from the Direc- (FRL No. 9920–50–OAR) received in the Office EC–972. A communication from the Chief of tor of the Regulatory Management Division, of the President of the Senate on March 12, the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- 2015; to the Committee on Environment and ternal Revenue Service, Department of the ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- Public Works. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the titled ‘‘Approval and Promulgation of Air EC–963. A communication from the Chief report of a rule entitled ‘‘Health Insurance Quality Implementation Plans; Connecticut; Counsel for Administrative Law, Office of Providers Fee’’ ((RIN1545–BM52) (TD 9711)) Low Emission Vehicle Program’’ (FRL No. the United States Trade Representative, Ex- received in the Office of the President of the 9915–05–Region 1) received in the Office of the ecutive Office of the President, transmitting, Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee President of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to pursuant to law, a report relative to a va- on Finance. the Committee on Environment and Public cancy in the position of Deputy United EC–973. A communication from the Chief of Works. States Trade Representative, received in the the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- EC–956. A communication from the Direc- Office of the President of the Senate on ternal Revenue Service, Department of the tor of the Regulatory Management Division, March 12, 2015; to the Committee on Finance. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Environmental Protection Agency, transmit- EC–964. A communication from the Chief of report of a rule entitled ‘‘Alternative Sim- ting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule en- the Publications and Regulations Branch, In- plified Credit Election’’ ((RIN1545–BL78) (TD

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.005 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 9712)) received in the Office of the President report of a rule entitled ‘‘Official Symbol, priate Federal agencies including the De- of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Com- Logo and Seal’’ (45 CFR Part 18) received in partment of Defense, Department of Energy, mittee on Finance. the Office of the President of the Senate on and National Science Foundation, to des- EC–974. A communication from the Chair March 12, 2015; to the Committee on Health, ignate United States manufacturing univer- of the Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Ac- Education, Labor, and Pensions. sities; to the Committee on Health, Edu- cess Commission, transmitting, pursuant to EC–985. A communication from the Chair cation, Labor, and Pensions. law, a report entitled ‘‘Report to Congress on of the Securities and Exchange Commission, By Mr. CARDIN (for himself, Mr. REID, Medicaid and CHIP’’; to the Committee on transmitting, pursuant to law, the Commis- Mr. LEAHY, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. WHITE- Finance. sion’s fiscal year 2012 and fiscal year 2013 HOUSE, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mr. SANDERS, EC–975. A communication from the Assist- FAIR Act Commercial and Inherently Gov- Mr. BROWN, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, and Mr. ant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military ernmental Activities Inventory; to the Com- BOOKER): Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- S. 772. A bill to secure the Federal voting pursuant to law, an addendum to a certifi- mental Affairs. rights of persons when released from incar- cation of the proposed sale or export of de- EC–986. A communication from the Dis- ceration; to the Committee on the Judiciary. fense articles and/or defense services to a trict of Columbia Auditor, transmitting, pur- By Mrs. MURRAY (for herself, Ms. Middle East country (OSS–2015–0274); to the suant to law, a report entitled ‘‘Examination BALDWIN, Mr. BOOKER, Mr. CASEY, Mr. Committee on Foreign Relations. of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) FRANKEN, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. MAR- EC–976. A communication from the Assist- Receiving Local District Funds to Provide KEY, Mr. WYDEN, and Mr. MERKLEY): ant Secretary, Bureau of Political-Military Homeless Services in fiscal year 2014’’; to the S. 773. A bill to prevent harassment at in- Affairs, Department of State, transmitting, Committee on Homeland Security and Gov- stitutions of higher education, and for other pursuant to law, an addendum to a certifi- ernmental Affairs. purposes; to the Committee on Health, Edu- cation, Labor, and Pensions. cation of the proposed sale or export of de- EC–987. A communication from the Direc- By Mr. MORAN (for himself, Mr. fense articles and/or defense services to a tor, Administrative Office of the United MANCHIN, Mr. DAINES, Ms. AYOTTE, Middle East country (OSS–2015–0275); to the States Courts, transmitting, pursuant to Mr. PORTMAN, and Mrs. CAPITO): Committee on Foreign Relations. law, a report entitled ‘‘Executive Summary S. 774. A bill to amend the Federal Finan- EC–977. A communication from the Assist- of the 2014 Annual Report of the Director of ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- cial Institutions Examination Council Act of the Administrative Office of the United 1978 to improve the examination of deposi- ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to States Courts’’ and the Uniform Resource law, a report prepared by the Department of tory institutions, and for other purposes; to Locator (URL) for the Office’s 2014 Annual the Committee on Banking, Housing, and State on progress toward a negotiated solu- Report of the Director of the Administrative tion of the Cyprus question covering the pe- Urban Affairs. Office of the United States Courts; to the By Mr. CASSIDY (for himself, Mr. riod October 1, 2014, through November 30, Committee on the Judiciary. 2014; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. ALEXANDER, Mr. ISAKSON, Mr. RUBIO, EC–978. A communication from the Assist- f Mr. BURR, Mr. ROBERTS, and Mr. BAR- RASSO): ant Secretary of Legislative Affairs, U.S. De- REPORTS OF COMMITTEES partment of State, transmitting, pursuant to S. 775. A bill to amend the Public Health law, a report relative to the waiver of the re- The following reports of committees Service Act, the Employee Retirement In- strictions contained in Section 907 of the were submitted: come Security Act of 1974, and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to exclude from the def- FREEDOM Support Act of 1992; to the Com- By Mr. SHELBY, from the Committee on mittee on Foreign Relations. inition of health insurance coverage certain Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, with- medical stop-loss insurance obtained by cer- EC–979. A communication from the Assist- out amendment: ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- tain plan sponsors of group health plans; to S. 792. An original bill to expand sanctions the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to imposed with respect to Iran and to impose law, a report relative to section 36(c) of the and Pensions. additional sanctions with respect to Iran, By Mr. ROBERTS (for himself, Mrs. Arms Export Control Act (DDTC 14–143); to and for other purposes. the Committee on Foreign Relations. SHAHEEN, Mr. KIRK, and Mr. BROWN): S. 776. A bill to amend title XVIII of the EC–980. A communication from the Assist- f Social Security Act to improve access to ant Legal Adviser for Treaty Affairs, Depart- INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND medication therapy management under part ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to the D of the Medicare program; to the Com- Case-Zablocki Act, 1 U.S.C. 112b, as amended, JOINT RESOLUTIONS mittee on Finance. the report of the texts and background state- The following bills and joint resolu- By Mr. CASEY: ments of international agreements, other tions were introduced, read the first S. 777. A bill to permit employees to re- than treaties (List 2015–0026—2015–0028); to and second times by unanimous con- quest, and to ensure employers consider re- the Committee on Foreign Relations. sent, and referred as indicated: quests for, flexible work terms and condi- EC–981. A communication from the Assist- tions, and for other purposes; to the Com- By Mr. VITTER (for himself, Ms. KLO- ant Secretary for Occupational Safety and mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and BUCHAR, Mr. KING, Mr. GRASSLEY, Mr. Health, Department of Labor, transmitting, Pensions. KIRK, Ms. COLLINS, and Ms. MUR- pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled By Mr. COTTON (for himself, Mr. ‘‘Procedures for the Handling of Retaliation KOWSKI): TILLIS, Mrs. ERNST, Mr. VITTER, and Complaints Under Section 806 of the Sar- S. 768. A bill to amend title XVIII of the Social Security Act to provide Medicare ben- Mr. LANKFORD): banes-Oxley Act of 2002, as Amended’’ S. 778. A bill to prohibit the provision of eficiary access to eye tracking accessories (RIN1218–AC53) received in the Office of the certain foreign assistance to countries re- for speech generating devices and to remove President of the Senate on March 17, 2015; to ceiving certain detainees transferred from the rental cap for durable medical equipment the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, United States Naval Station, Guantanamo under the Medicare Program with respect to and Pensions. Bay, Cuba; to the Committee on Foreign Re- EC–982. A communication from the Direc- speech generating devices; to the Committee lations. tor of the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ on Finance. By Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Mr. By Mr. BLUNT (for himself, Mr. Compensation, Office of Workers’ Compensa- WYDEN): tion Programs, Department of Labor, trans- MANCHIN, and Mr. THUNE): S. 779. A bill to provide for Federal agen- mitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule S. 769. A bill to streamline the permit proc- cies to develop public access policies relating entitled ‘‘Longshore and Harbor Workers’ ess for rail and transit infrastructure; to the to research conducted by employees of that Compensation Act: Transmission of Docu- Committee on Commerce, Science, and agency or from funds administered by that ments and Information’’ (RIN1240–AA09) re- Transportation. agency; to the Committee on Homeland Se- ceived in the Office of the President of the By Mr. RUBIO: curity and Governmental Affairs. Senate on March 12, 2015; to the Committee S. 770. A bill to authorize Escambia Coun- By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. ty, Florida, to convey certain property that GRASSLEY, and Mr. BLUMENTHAL): EC–983. A communication from the General was formerly part of Santa Rosa Island Na- S. 780. A bill to permit the televising of Su- Counsel, National Endowment for the Hu- tional Monument and that was conveyed to preme Court proceedings; to the Committee manities, transmitting, pursuant to law, a Escambia County subject to restrictions on on the Judiciary. report relative to a vacancy in the position use and reconveyance; to the Committee on By Mr. DONNELLY (for himself and of Chairperson, National Endowment for Hu- Energy and Natural Resources. Mr. SCOTT): manities, received in the Office of the Presi- By Mr. COONS (for himself, Mr. GRA- S. 781. A bill to improve knowledge about dent of the Senate on March 12, 2015; to the HAM, Ms. AYOTTE, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, the best practices for teaching financial lit- Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and and Ms. BALDWIN): eracy, and for other purposes; to the Com- Pensions. S. 771. A bill to emphasize manufacturing mittee on Health, Education, Labor, and EC–984. A communication from the Deputy in engineering programs by directing the Na- Pensions. Director, Department of Health and Human tional Institute of Standards and Tech- By Mr. MCCAIN (for himself and Mr. Services, transmitting, pursuant to law, the nology, in coordination with other appro- FLAKE):

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.006 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1629 S. 782. A bill to direct the Secretary of the LEAHY, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mrs. BOXER, 170, a bill to amend title 38, United Interior to establish a bison management Mrs. MURRAY, Mr. WYDEN, Mr. DUR- States Code, to increase the maximum plan for Grand Canyon National Park; to the BIN, Ms. STABENOW, Mr. MENENDEZ, age for children eligible for medical Committee on Environment and Public Mr. CARDIN, Mr. BROWN, Mr. CASEY, care under the CHAMPVA program, Works. Mrs. MCCASKILL, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, Mr. Mr. UDALL, Mrs. SHAHEEN, Mr. and for other purposes. SCHUMER, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. CORNYN, MERKLEY, Mrs. GILLIBRAND, Mr. S. 299 Mr. LEAHY, Mr. GRAHAM, Mr. MAR- BLUMENTHAL, Mr. SCHATZ, Ms. BALD- At the request of Mr. FLAKE, the KEY, and Mr. BLUMENTHAL): WIN, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. HEINRICH, Ms. name of the Senator from California S. 783. A bill to provide for media coverage HEITKAMP, Mr. MARKEY, and Mr. (Mrs. FEINSTEIN) was added as a co- of Federal court proceedings; to the Com- PETERS): sponsor of S. 299, a bill to allow travel mittee on the Judiciary. S. 793. A bill to amend the Higher Edu- between the United States and Cuba. By Mr. HEINRICH (for himself and Mr. cation Act of 1965 to provide for the refi- S. 301 GARDNER): nancing of certain Federal student loans, S. 784. A bill to direct the Secretary of En- and for other purposes; to the Committee on At the request of Mrs. FISCHER, the ergy to establish microlabs to improve re- Finance. names of the Senator from South Caro- gional engagement with national labora- By Mrs. MCCASKILL: lina (Mr. GRAHAM), the Senator from tories; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- S. 794. A bill to extend whistleblower pro- South Dakota (Mr. ROUNDS), the Sen- ural Resources. tections for defense contractor employees to ator from North Carolina (Mr. BURR), By Mr. CASEY (for himself, Mr. DUR- employees of contractors of the elements of the Senator from Idaho (Mr. CRAPO), BIN, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Mr. REED, Mr. the intelligence community; to the Select the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. CARDIN, Mr. MERKLEY, Mrs. FEIN- Committee on Intelligence. UDALL), the Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEIN, Ms. MIKULSKI, Mrs. GILLI- By Mrs. MCCASKILL: BRAND, Mr. MENENDEZ, Ms. HIRONO, S. 795. A bill to enhance whistleblower pro- KIRK) and the Senator from New Jersey and Mr. SCHUMER): tection for contractor and grantee employ- (Mr. BOOKER) were added as cosponsors S. 785. A bill to amend the Safe Drinking ees; to the Committee on Homeland Security of S. 301, a bill to require the Secretary Water Act to repeal a certain exemption for and Governmental Affairs. of the Treasury to mint coins in com- hydraulic fracturing, and for other purposes; By Mr. CRUZ (for himself and Mr. memoration of the centennial of Boys to the Committee on Environment and Pub- LANKFORD): Town, and for other purposes. lic Works. S.J. Res. 10. A joint resolution dis- S. 308 By Mrs. GILLIBRAND (for herself, Mr. approving the action of the District of Co- BROWN, Mr. BOOKER, Ms. HIRONO, Mr. lumbia Council in approving the Reproduc- At the request of Mrs. BOXER, the MARKEY, Mr. MERKLEY, Ms. MIKUL- tive Health Non-Discrimination Amendment names of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. SKI, Mr. SCHATZ, Mr. WHITEHOUSE, Act of 2014; to the Committee on Homeland MERKLEY) and the Senator from Wis- Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. REED, Mr. Security and Governmental Affairs. consin (Ms. BALDWIN) were added as co- BLUMENTHAL, and Ms. WARREN): By Mr. CRUZ (for himself and Mr. sponsors of S. 308, a bill to reauthorize S. 786. A bill to provide paid and family LANKFORD): medical leave benefits to certain individuals, 21st century community learning cen- S.J. Res. 11. A joint resolution dis- ters, and for other purposes. and for other purposes; to the Committee on approving the action of the District of Co- Finance. lumbia Council in approving the Human S. 314 By Mrs. MCCASKILL (for herself and Rights Amendment Act of 2014; to the Com- At the request of Mr. CASEY, the Ms. AYOTTE): mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- name of the Senator from New York S. 787. A bill to streamline the collection mental Affairs. (Mr. SCHUMER) was added as a cospon- and distribution of government information; sor of S. 314, a bill to amend title XVIII to the Committee on Commerce, Science, f and Transportation. of the Social Security Act to provide By Mrs. MCCASKILL: SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND for coverage under the Medicare pro- S. 788. A bill to require the termination of SENATE RESOLUTIONS gram of pharmacist services. any employee of the Department of Veterans The following concurrent resolutions S. 319 Affairs who is found to have retaliated and Senate resolutions were read, and At the request of Ms. MURKOWSKI, the against a whistleblower; to the Committee name of the Senator from New Mexico on Veterans’ Affairs. referred (or acted upon), as indicated: (Mr. UDALL) was added as a cosponsor By Ms. MIKULSKI: By Ms. STABENOW (for herself, Ms. S. 789. A bill to establish the Social Work MIKULSKI, and Mr. FRANKEN): of S. 319, a bill to designate a mountain Reinvestment Commission to provide inde- S. Res. 103. A resolution supporting the in the State of Alaska as Mount pendent counsel to Congress and the Sec- goals and ideals of Social Work Month and Denali. retary of Health and Human Services on pol- World Social Work Day; to the Committee S. 396 icy issues related to recruitment, retention, on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. At the request of Mr. DURBIN, the research, and reinvestment in the profession By Mr. FLAKE (for himself, Mr. name of the Senator from California of social work, and for other purposes; to the GRASSLEY, Mr. JOHNSON, and Mr. (Mrs. BOXER) was added as a cosponsor Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and MCCAIN): Pensions. S. Res. 104. A resolution to express the of S. 396, a bill to establish the Propri- By Mr. PAUL (for himself and Mr. sense of the Senate regarding the success of etary Education Oversight Coordina- MCCONNELL): Operation Streamline and the importance of tion Committee. S. 790. A bill to provide for the establish- prosecuting first time illegal border crossers; S. 423 ment of free market enterprise zones in to the Committee on Homeland Security and At the request of Mr. MORAN, the order to help facilitate the creation of new Governmental Affairs. names of the Senator from Iowa (Mr. jobs, entrepreneurial opportunities, en- f hanced and renewed educational opportuni- GRASSLEY) and the Senator from Wyo- ming (Mr. ENZI) were added as cospon- ties, and increase community involvement in ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS bankrupt or economically distressed areas; sors of S. 423, a bill to amend the to the Committee on Finance. S. 139 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act to provide an By Mr. CRUZ: At the request of Mr. WYDEN, the exception to the annual written pri- S. 791. A bill to free the private sector to name of the Senator from Colorado vacy notice requirement. harness domestic energy resources to create (Mr. BENNET) was added as a cosponsor S. 565 jobs and generate economic growth by re- of S. 139, a bill to permanently allow an moving statutory and administrative bar- At the request of Mr. PETERS, the riers; to the Committee on Energy and Nat- exclusion under the Supplemental Se- name of the Senator from Iowa (Mrs. ural Resources. curity Income program and the Med- ERNST) was added as a cosponsor of S. By Mr. SHELBY: icaid program for compensation pro- 565, a bill to reduce the operation and S. 792. An original bill to expand sanctions vided to individuals who participate in maintenance costs associated with the imposed with respect to Iran and to impose clinical trials for rare diseases or con- Federal fleet by encouraging the use of additional sanctions with respect to Iran, ditions. remanufactured parts, and for other and for other purposes; from the Committee S. 170 on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; purposes. placed on the calendar. At the request of Mr. TESTER, the S. 590 By Ms. WARREN (for herself, Mr. name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. At the request of Mrs. MCCASKILL, FRANKEN, Mr. BENNET, Mr. REED, Mr. DURBIN) was added as a cosponsor of S. the names of the Senator from Utah

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.009 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1630 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 (Mr. HATCH) and the Senator from New marriages under title II of the Social range of reuses of the peer-reviewed lit- York (Mr. SCHUMER) were added as co- Security Act. erature that reports the results of such re- search, including by enabling computational sponsors of S. 590, a bill to amend the S. 756 Higher Education Act of 1965 and the analysis by state-of-the-art technologies. At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF FEDERAL AGENCY. Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Se- name of the Senator from Michigan In this Act, the term ‘‘Federal agency’’ curity Policy and Campus Crime Sta- (Mr. PETERS) was added as a cosponsor means an Executive agency, as defined under tistics Act to combat campus sexual vi- of S. 756, a bill to require a report on section 105 of title 5, United States Code. olence, and for other purposes. accountability for war crimes and SEC. 4. FEDERAL RESEARCH PUBLIC ACCESS S. 616 crimes against humanity in Syria. POLICY. (a) REQUIREMENT TO DEVELOP POLICY.— At the request of Ms. COLLINS, the S. CON. RES. 4 (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after name of the Senator from Minnesota At the request of Mr. BARRASSO, the the date of enactment of this Act, each Fed- (Ms. KLOBUCHAR) was added as a co- name of the Senator from New Mexico eral agency with extramural research ex- sponsor of S. 616, a bill to amend the (Mr. HEINRICH) was added as a cospon- penditures of over $100,000,000 shall develop a Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to pro- sor of S. Con. Res. 4, a concurrent reso- Federal research public access policy that is vide recruitment and retention incen- lution supporting the Local Radio consistent with and advances the purposes of the Federal agency. tives for volunteer emergency service Freedom Act. (2) COMMON PROCEDURES.—To the extent workers. S. RES. 87 practicable, Federal agencies required to de- S. 650 At the request of Mr. MENENDEZ, the velop a policy under paragraph (1) shall fol- At the request of Mr. THUNE, the name of the Senator from Maine (Ms. low common procedures for the collection name of the Senator from Kansas (Mr. COLLINS) was added as a cosponsor of S. and depositing of research papers. MORAN) was added as a cosponsor of S. (b) CONTENT.—Each Federal research public Res. 87, a resolution to express the access policy shall provide for— 650, a bill to extend the positive train sense of the Senate regarding the rise (1) submission to the Federal agency of an control system implementation dead- of anti-Semitism in Europe and to en- electronic version of the author’s final line, and for other purposes. courage greater cooperation with the manuscript of original research papers that S. 677 European governments, the European have been accepted for publication in peer- At the request of Mrs. BOXER, the Union, and the Organization for Secu- reviewed journals and that result from re- name of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. rity and Co-operation in Europe in pre- search supported, in whole or in part, from funding by the Federal Government; KIRK) was added as a cosponsor of S. venting and responding to anti-Semi- (2) the incorporation of all changes result- 677, a bill to prohibit the application of tism. ing from the peer review publication process certain restrictive eligibility require- AMENDMENT NO. 300 in the manuscript described under paragraph ments to foreign nongovernmental or- At the request of Mr. LEAHY, the (1); ganizations with respect to the provi- name of the Senator from New Jersey (3) the replacement of the final manuscript with the final published version if— sion of assistance under part I of the (Mr. MENENDEZ) was added as a cospon- Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. (A) the publisher consents to the replace- sor of amendment No. 300 intended to ment; and S. 682 be proposed to S. 178, a bill to provide (B) the goals of the Federal agency for At the request of Mr. DONNELLY, the justice for the victims of trafficking. functionality and interoperability are re- name of the Senator from West Vir- f tained; ginia (Mrs. CAPITO) was added as a co- (4) free online public access to such final STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED peer-reviewed manuscripts or published sponsor of S. 682, a bill to amend the BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS Truth in Lending Act to modify the versions as soon as practicable, but not later By Mr. CORNYN (for himself and than 6 months after publication in peer-re- definitions of a mortgage orginator and viewed journals; Mr. WYDEN): a high-cost mortgage. (5) providing research papers as described S. 779. A bill to provide for Federal S. 686 in paragraph (4) in formats and under terms agencies to develop public access poli- At the request of Mr. GRASSLEY, the that enable productive reuse, including com- cies relating to research conducted by name of the Senator from Arkansas putational analysis by state-of-the-art tech- employees of that agency or from funds nologies; (Mr. COTTON) was added as a cosponsor administered by that agency; to the (6) production of an online bibliography of of S. 686, a bill to amend the Internal Committee on Homeland Security and all research papers that are publicly acces- Revenue Code of 1986 to provide a limi- Governmental Affairs. sible under the policy, with each entry link- tation on certain aliens from claiming Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask ing to the corresponding free online full text; the earned income tax credit. and unanimous consent that the text of the S. 697 (7) long-term preservation of, and free pub- bill be printed in the RECORD. lic access to, published research findings— At the request of Mr. UDALL, the There being no objection, the text of (A) in a stable digital repository main- names of the Senator from Michigan the bill was ordered to be printed in tained by the Federal agency; or (Mr. PETERS) and the Senator from the RECORD, as follows: (B) if consistent with the purposes of the South Dakota (Mr. ROUNDS) were added S. 779 Federal agency, in any repository meeting as cosponsors of S. 697, a bill to amend conditions determined favorable by the Fed- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- eral agency, including free public access, the Toxic Substances Control Act to resentatives of the United States of America in interoperability, and long-term preservation. reauthorize and modernize that Act, Congress assembled, and for other purposes. (c) APPLICATION OF POLICY.—Each Federal SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. research public access policy shall— S. 751 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Fair Access (1) apply to— At the request of Mr. THUNE, the to Science and Technology Research Act of (A) researchers employed by the Federal names of the Senator from Wyoming 2015’’. agency whose works remain in the public do- (Mr. BARRASSO) and the Senator from SEC. 2. FINDINGS. main; and Texas (Mr. CRUZ) were added as cospon- Congress finds that— (B) researchers funded by the Federal agen- sors of S. 751, a bill to improve the es- (1) the Federal Government funds basic and cy; tablishment of any lower ground-level applied research with the expectation that (2) provide that works described under new ideas and discoveries that result from paragraph (1)(A) shall be— ozone standards, and for other pur- the research, if shared and effectively dis- (A) marked as being public domain mate- poses. seminated, will advance science and improve rial when published; and S. 753 the lives and welfare of people of the United (B) made available at the same time such At the request of Mrs. MURRAY, the States and around the world; works are made available under subsection names of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. (2) the Internet makes it possible for this (b)(4); and information to be promptly available to (3) make effective use of any law or guid- MERKLEY) and the Senator from Michi- every scientist, physician, educator, and cit- ance relating to the creation and reservation gan (Mr. PETERS) were added as cospon- izen at home, in school, or in a library; and of a Government license that provides for sors of S. 753, a bill to amend the meth- (3) the United States has a substantial in- the reproduction, publication, release, or od by which the Social Security Ad- terest in maximizing the impact and utility other uses of a final manuscript for Federal ministration determines the validity of of the research it funds by enabling a wide purposes.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.011 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1631 (d) EXCLUSIONS.—Each Federal research Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask The bill I am introducing today, public access policy shall not apply to— unanimous consent that the text of the along with Senator SCHUMER and a (1) research progress reports presented at bill be printed in the RECORD. number of cosponsors from both sides professional meetings or conferences; There being no objection, the text of of the aisle, including Judiciary Com- (2) laboratory notes, preliminary data analyses, notes of the author, phone logs, or the bill was ordered to be printed in mittee Ranking Member LEAHY, will other information used to produce final the RECORD, as follows: greatly improve public access to fed- manuscripts; S. 780 eral courts by letting federal judges (3) classified research, research resulting Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- open their courtrooms to television in works that generate revenue or royalties resentatives of the United States of America in cameras and other forms of electronic for authors (such as books) or patentable dis- Congress assembled, media. coveries, to the extent necessary to protect a SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. The Sunshine in the Courtroom Act copyright or patent; or This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Cameras in is full of provisions that ensure that (4) authors who do not submit their work the Courtroom Act’’. to a journal or works that are rejected by the introduction of cameras and other SEC. 2. AMENDMENT TO TITLE 28. journals. broadcasting devices into courtrooms (a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 45 of title 28, (e) PATENT OR COPYRIGHT LAW.—Nothing in goes as smoothly as it has at the state this Act shall be construed to affect any United States Code, is amended by inserting level. First, the presence of the cam- at the end the following: right under the provisions of title 17 or 35, eras Federal trial and appellate courts United States Code. ‘‘§ 678. Televising Supreme Court proceedings is at the sole discretion of the judges— (f) REPORT.— ‘‘The Supreme Court shall permit tele- it is not mandatory. The bill also pro- (1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than October 1 vision coverage of all open sessions of the vides a mechanism for Congress to of each year, the head of each Federal agen- Court unless the Court decides, by a vote of cy shall submit a report on the Federal re- the majority of justices, that allowing such study the effects of this legislation on search public access policy of that Federal coverage in a particular case would con- our judiciary before making this agency to— stitute a violation of the due process rights change permanent through a 3-year (A) the Committee on Homeland Security of 1 or more of the parties before the sunset provision. The bill protects the and Governmental Affairs of the Senate; Court.’’. privacy and safety of non-party wit- (B) the Committee on Oversight and Gov- (b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The chapter nesses by giving them the right to have ernment Reform of the House of Representa- analysis for chapter 45 of title 28, United tives; their faces and voices obscured. The States Code, is amended by inserting at the bill prohibits the televising of jurors. (C) the Committee on Science and Tech- end the following: nology of the House of Representatives; Finally, it includes a provision to pro- ‘‘678. Televising Supreme Court pro- tect the due process rights of each (D) the Committee on Commerce, Science, ceedings.’’. and Transportation of the Senate; party. (E) the Committee on Health, Education, By Mr. GRASSLEY (for himself, We need to open the doors and let the Labor, and Pensions of the Senate; and light shine in on the Federal Judiciary. (F) any other committee of Congress of ap- Mr. SCHUMER, Mr. DURBIN, Mr. CORNYN, Mr. LEAHY, Mr. GRA- This bill improves public access to and propriate jurisdiction. therefore understanding of our Federal (2) CONTENT.—Each report under this sub- HAM, Mr. MARKEY, and Mr. section shall include— BLUMENTHAL): courts. It has safety provisions to en- (A) a statement of the effectiveness of the S. 783. A bill to provide for media sure that the cameras won’t interfere Federal research public access policy in pro- coverage of Federal court proceedings; with the proceedings or with the safety viding the public with free online access to to the Committee on the Judiciary. or due process of anyone involved in papers on research funded by the Federal Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, this the cases. Our States have allowed agency; week is Sunshine Week, when we af- news coverage of their courtrooms for (B) the results of a study by the Federal decades. It is time we join them. agency of the terms of use applicable to the firm the public’s right to know how their government is run. Sunshine Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- research papers described in subsection sent that the text of the bill be printed (b)(4), including— Week, which began as Sunshine Sunday (i) a statement of whether the terms of use in 2002, emphasizes the importance of in the RECORD. There being no objection, the text of applicable to such research papers are effec- transparency and accountability in a the bill was ordered to be printed in tive in enabling productive reuse and com- government of the people, by the peo- the RECORD, as follows. putational analysis by state-of-the-art tech- ple, and for the people. In the spirit of nologies; and S. 783 (ii) an examination of whether such re- government transparency, we are pleased to introduce the Sunshine in Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- search papers should include a royalty-free resentatives of the United States of America in copyright license that is available to the the Courtroom Act of 2015. This impor- Congress assembled, public and that permits the reuse of those re- tant piece of bipartisan legislation fur- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. search papers, on the condition that attribu- thers the public’s access to court pro- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Sunshine in tion is given to the author or authors of the ceedings by permitting federal judges the Courtroom Act of 2015’’. research and any others designated by the at all federal court levels to open their SEC. 2. FEDERAL APPELLATE AND DISTRICT copyright owner; courtrooms to television cameras and COURTS. (C) a list of papers published in peer-re- (a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: viewed journals that report on research fund- radio broadcasts. Openness in our courts improves the (1) PRESIDING JUDGE.—The term ‘‘presiding ed by the Federal agency; judge’’ means the judge presiding over the (D) a corresponding list of papers made public’s understanding of what happens court proceeding concerned. In proceedings available by the Federal agency as a result inside our courts. Our judicial system in which more than 1 judge participates, the of the Federal research public access policy; remains a mystery to too many people presiding judge shall be the senior active and across the country. That doesn’t need judge so participating or, in the case of a cir- (E) a summary of the periods of time be- cuit court of appeals, the senior active cir- tween public availability of each paper in a to continue. Letting the sun shine in cuit judge so participating, except that— journal and in the online repository of the on Federal courtrooms will give Ameri- (A) in en banc sittings of any United Federal agency. cans an opportunity to better under- States circuit court of appeals, the presiding (3) PUBLIC AVAILABILITY.—A Federal agen- stand the judicial process. Courts are judge shall be the chief judge of the circuit cy shall make the statement under para- the bedrock of the American justice whenever the chief judge participates; and graph (2)(A) and the lists of papers under system. Granting the public greater ac- (B) in en banc sittings of the Supreme subparagraphs (B) and (C) of paragraph (2) cess to an already public proceeding Court of the United States, the presiding available to the public by posting such state- will inspire greater faith in and appre- judge shall be the Chief Justice whenever the ment and lists on the website of the Federal Chief Justice participates. agency. ciation for our judges who pledge equal and impartial justice for all. (2) APPELLATE COURT OF THE UNITED By Mr. DURBIN (for himself, Mr. For decades, States such as my home STATES.—The term ‘‘appellate court of the United States’’ means any United States cir- GRASSLEY, and Mr. State of Iowa have allowed cameras in their courtrooms with great results. As cuit court of appeals and the Supreme Court BLUMENTHAL): of the United States. S. 780. A bill to permit the televising a matter of fact, all 50 States and the (b) AUTHORITY OF PRESIDING JUDGE TO of Supreme Court proceedings; to the District of Columbia now allow some ALLOW MEDIA COVERAGE OF COURT PRO- Committee on the Judiciary. news coverage of proceedings. CEEDINGS.—

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.012 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 (1) AUTHORITY OF APPELLATE COURTS.— management and administration of Every Democrat, every Independent, (A) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided under photographing, recording, broadcasting, or and three Republicans voted to move subparagraph (B), the presiding judge of an televising described under paragraphs (1) and this bill forward. More than 700,000 peo- appellate court of the United States may, at (2). ple signed petitions in support of stu- the discretion of that judge, permit the (5) MANDATORY GUIDELINES.—Not later than photographing, electronic recording, broad- 6 months after the date of enactment of this dent loan refinancing, but Republicans casting, or televising to the public of any Act, the Judicial Conference of the United filibustered the bill, so it didn’t pass. It court proceeding over which that judge pre- States shall promulgate mandatory guide- is time to try again, because a problem sides. lines which a presiding judge is required to that was bad last year has gotten (B) EXCEPTION.—The presiding judge shall follow for obscuring of certain vulnerable worse—much worse. not permit any action under subparagraph witnesses, including crime victims, minor Since last year, nearly 1 million (A), if— victims, families of victims, cooperating wit- more borrowers have fallen behind in (i) in the case of a proceeding involving nesses, undercover law enforcement officers only the presiding judge, that judge deter- their payments. Nearly 1 million more or agents, witnesses subject to section 3521 of are watching their balances get bigger, mines the action would constitute a viola- title 18, United States Code, relating to wit- tion of the due process rights of any party; ness relocation and protection, or minors not smaller. Nearly 1 million more peo- or under the age of 18 years. The guidelines ple are sweating out how they are ever (ii) in the case of a proceeding involving shall include procedures for determining, at going to repay their student loan debt. the participation of more than 1 judge, a ma- the earliest practicable time in any inves- Last year, student loan debt was an jority of the judges participating determine tigation or case, which witnesses should be economic emergency. Now, 1 year that the action would constitute a violation considered vulnerable under this section. later, the emergency is getting worse. of the due process rights of any party. (6) PROCEDURES.—In the interests of justice Just look at the numbers. Students are (2) AUTHORITY OF DISTRICT COURTS.— and fairness, the presiding judge of the court now struggling with $100 billion more (A) IN GENERAL.— in which media use is desired has discretion (i) AUTHORITY.—Notwithstanding any other to promulgate rules and disciplinary meas- debt than 1 year ago. Since last year, provision of law, except as provided under ures for the courtroom use of any form of total student loan debt has jumped to clause (iii), the presiding judge of a district media or media equipment and the acquisi- $1.3 trillion, and the debt is crushing court of the United States may, at the dis- tion or distribution of any of the images or young people. cretion of that judge, permit the sounds obtained in the courtroom. The pre- Last year, experts at the U.S. Treas- photographing, electronic recording, broad- siding judge shall also have discretion to re- ury, the Federal Reserve, and the Con- casting, or televising to the public of any quire written acknowledgment of the rules sumer Financial Protection Bureau all court proceeding over which that judge pre- by anyone individually or on behalf of any sides. sounded the alarm on student debt. entity before being allowed to acquire any This year, the alarm bells are sounding (ii) OBSCURING OF WITNESSES.—Except as images or sounds from the courtroom. provided under clause (iii)— (7) NO BROADCAST OF CONFERENCES BETWEEN even louder. One year ago, the Federal (I) upon the request of any witness (other ATTORNEYS AND CLIENTS.—There shall be no Government was projected to take in than a party) in a trial proceeding, the court audio pickup or broadcast of conferences tens of billions in profits on the backs shall order the face and voice of the witness which occur in a court proceeding between of our kids as a result of artificially to be disguised or otherwise obscured in such attorneys and their clients, between co-coun- manner as to render the witness unrecogniz- high interest rates. One year later, in- sel of a client, between adverse counsel, or able to the broadcast audience of the trial terest rates on new loans are even between counsel and the presiding judge, if proceeding; and higher, and even with millions of peo- the conferences are not part of the official (II) the presiding judge in a trial pro- ple struggling to pay, even after ac- record of the proceedings. ceeding shall inform each witness who is not (8) EXPENSES.—A court may require that counting for administrative and other a party that the witness has the right to re- any accommodations to effectuate this Act costs, the Federal Government is still quest the image and voice of that witness to raking in huge profits on its student be obscured during the witness’ testimony. be made without public expense. (9) INHERENT AUTHORITY.—Nothing in this loan program. (iii) EXCEPTION.—The presiding judge shall not permit any action under this subpara- Act shall limit the inherent authority of a Despite overwhelming public support graph— court to protect witnesses or clear the court- for cutting the interest rates on stu- (I) if that judge determines the action room to preserve the decorum and integrity dent loans, Republicans last year re- would constitute a violation of the due proc- of the legal process or protect the safety of fused to even debate this bill. Repub- ess rights of any party; and an individual. licans said there were other, better (II) until the Judicial Conference of the By Ms. WARREN (for herself, Mr. ways to tackle student debt, but Re- United States promulgates mandatory guide- publicans did nothing, nothing except lines under paragraph (5). FRANKEN, Mr. BENNET, Mr. filibuster the only student loan bill on (B) NO MEDIA COVERAGE OF JURORS.—The REED, Mr. LEAHY, Ms. MIKUL- presiding judge shall not permit the SKI, Mrs. BOXER, Mrs. MURRAY, the table. So tens of millions of bor- photographing, electronic recording, broad- Mr. WYDEN, Mr. DURBIN, Ms. rowers got nothing, no help at all. casting, or televising of any juror in a trial STABENOW, Mr. MENENDEZ, Mr. Today, millions of borrowers are left proceeding, or of the jury selection process. CARDIN, Mr. BROWN, Mr. CASEY, with interest rates of 6 percent, 8 per- (C) DISCRETION OF THE JUDGE.—The pre- cent, 10 percent, and even higher. Near- siding judge shall have the discretion to ob- Mrs. MCCASKILL, Mr. WHITE- HOUSE, Mr. UDALL, Mrs. SHA- ly 1 million more borrowers are falling scure the face and voice of an individual, if behind, and the Republicans have done good cause is shown that the photographing, HEEN, Mr. MERKLEY, Mrs. GILLI- electronic recording, broadcasting, or tele- BRAND, Mr. BLUMENTHAL, Mr. nothing. Nearly 1 million more bor- vising of the individual would threaten— SCHATZ, Ms. BALDWIN, Ms. rowers are falling behind, and they are (i) the safety of the individual; HIRONO, Mr. HEINRICH, Ms. watching their debt load get bigger. (ii) the security of the court; HEITKAMP, Mr. MARKEY, and Nearly 1 million more borrowers are (iii) the integrity of future or ongoing law Mr. PETERS): falling behind, paying interest rates enforcement operations; or S. 793. A bill to amend the Higher that produce obscene profits for the (iv) the interest of justice. Education Act of 1965 to provide for the U.S. Government, and the Republicans (D) SUNSET OF DISTRICT COURT AUTHORITY.— will not even debate refinancing stu- The authority under this paragraph shall refinancing of certain Federal student terminate 3 years after the date of the enact- loans, and for other purposes; to the dent loans. ment of this Act. Committee on Finance. Why can’t people refinance their stu- (3) INTERLOCUTORY APPEALS BARRED.—The Ms. WARREN. Mr. President, I rise dent loans? When interest rates are decision of the presiding judge under this today to announce the introduction of low, homeowners can refinance their subsection of whether or not to permit, deny, the Bank on Students Emergency Loan mortgages to reduce their payments. or terminate the photographing, electronic Refinancing Act of 2015. This bill will Businesses can refinance their debts. recording, broadcasting, or televising of a allow student loan borrowers to take Even governments can refinance their court proceeding may not be challenged advantage of today’s lower interest debts. But student loan borrowers are through an interlocutory appeal. stuck with their loans, sometimes at 6 (4) ADVISORY GUIDELINES.—The Judicial rates, and I urge my colleagues to sup- Conference of the United States may promul- port it. percent, 8 percent, 10 percent, and even gate advisory guidelines to which a presiding Last Congress, Democrats pressed for higher. judge, at the discretion of that judge, may a similar bill which has strong support Our proposal is simple: refinance out- refer in making decisions with respect to the from the Senate and from the public. standing loans down to 3.9 percent for

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.015 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1633 undergraduates, and a little higher for Whereas social work pioneers have helped delivery of appropriate consequences have graduates and PLUS loans. This single lead the struggle for social justice in the resulted in gains in border security in the change would give borrowers across United States and have helped pave the way Yuma Sector; this country a chance to save hun- for positive social change; Whereas a key to the success in the Yuma Whereas social workers are key employees Sector has been the implementation of Oper- dreds—and for some, thousands—of dol- at the Federal, State, and local levels of gov- ation Streamline, a program established in lars a year. That’s real money—money ernment and work to expand policies and 2005 that was described by former Depart- they can put toward paying down the practices that promote equity and social jus- ment of Homeland Security Secretary Janet balance on their debt, saving for a tice for all people; Napolitano as ‘‘a DHS partnership with the home, buying a car—money they can Whereas social workers stand up for indi- Department of Justice, . . . a geographically put toward building a solid future. viduals and support diverse families in every focused operation that aims to increase the This bill doesn’t add one dime to the community; consequences for illegally crossing the bor- deficit. It is fully paid for by closing up Whereas social workers continue to work der by criminally prosecuting illegal border- to improve the rights of women, the lesbian, crossers.’’; a tax loophole that allows millionaires gay, bisexual, and transgender (‘‘LGBT’’) Whereas known for its ‘‘zero-tolerance’’ ap- and billionaires to pay a lower tax rate community, and communities of color; proach, the Yuma County Sheriff’s Office than middle class families. Whereas social workers know from experi- cites 100 percent prosecution of illegal border If Republicans don’t like that way to ence that discrimination of any kind limits crossers as a shared goal of a partnership in- pay for the student loan bill, here’s an- human potential and must be eliminated; cluding Federal, State, and local law en- other idea. Senators REED and Whereas social workers know from experi- forcement agencies; BLUMENTHAL have advanced a bill that ence that poverty and trauma can create Whereas among the various consequences would close a different tax loophole. lifelong social and economic disadvantages; delivered to illegal crossers by the Depart- Whereas social workers help people in ment of Homeland Security, Operation They want to end the tax breaks for ex- every stage of life function better in their Streamline is associated with a recidivism ecutive bonuses that are bigger than a environments, improve relationships with rate that is well below average and has seen million dollars. others, and solve personal and family prob- a steady decrease in recidivism in recent I say to my Republican colleagues, if lems; years; you don’t like that way to pay for the Whereas all children have the right to safe Whereas the United States Attorney’s Of- student loan bill, there are other op- environments and quality education; fice for the District of Arizona will report- tions as well. Let’s sit down and talk Whereas dignity and caregiving for older edly no longer be prosecuting those appre- about it, but don’t close your eyes and adults help define the character of a nation; hended crossing the border illegally for the Whereas veterans and the families of vet- first time; and pretend this isn’t happening. Don’t erans need community support to ensure Whereas according to the Sheriff of Yuma turn your backs on the 40 million successful transitions after service; County, Operation Streamline ‘‘had a deter- Americans with student loan debt. Whereas access to mental health treat- rent effect in Yuma County, which gained a Don’t do nothing. ment and health care services saves millions reputation as an area to avoid crossing into Refinancing student loans will not of lives; because if caught, you were assured to go to fix everything that is wrong in our Whereas research has shown that all peo- court and possibly face penalties’’, but now higher education system. We need to ple, no matter the circumstance, may at the program has been ‘‘has been severely di- some point in their lives need the expertise luted.’’. cut the price of college. We need to re- of a skilled social worker; Now, therefore, be it invest in public universities. We need Whereas social workers celebrate the cour- Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate to shore up financial aid, crack down age, hope, and strength of the human spirit that— on for-profit colleges, and provide bet- throughout their careers; (1) gains made in border security in the ter protections on student loans, but Whereas March is recognized as Social Yuma Sector and positive trends in recidi- let’s start by allowing people to refi- Work Month; and vism rates are of critical importance to nance their student loans. Let’s start Whereas World Social Work Day is recog- those living and working in the border re- nized on March 18, 2015: Now, therefore, be it gion and to the Nation as a whole; by cutting back on the interest pay- Resolved, That the Senate— (2) refusing to prosecute first time illegal ments that are sinking young people (1) supports the goals and ideals of Social border crossers under Operation Streamline and holding back this economy. Work Month and World Social Work Day; will jeopardize border security gains; We could have refinanced student (2) acknowledges the diligent efforts of in- (3) the border security steps that have led loan debt 1 year ago, but Republicans dividuals and groups who promote the impor- to some measure of improvement on the bor- said no. Now Americans owe $100 bil- tance of social work and observe Social Work der, such as the historical implementation of lion more than they did. Now nearly 1 Month and World Social Work Day; Operation Streamline, should be preserved; million more borrowers are falling be- (3) encourages individuals to engage in ap- and hind. Now more people than ever are propriate ceremonies and activities to pro- (4) the Executive Branch should imme- mote further awareness of the life-changing diately remove any issued or related prohibi- choking on student loan debt. role that social workers play; and tion, policy, guidance, or direction to cease By refusing to act, Republicans are (4) recognizes with gratitude the contribu- prosecuting first time illegal border crossers sinking the hopes of an entire genera- tions of the millions of caring individuals under Operation Streamline. tion. It is time for Congress to step up who have chosen to serve their communities f and fix this problem, before it drags through social work. AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED AND down another million Americans and f another and another. It is time to refi- PROPOSED SENATE RESOLUTION 104—TO EX- nance student loan debt. SA 319. Mr. TILLIS submitted an amend- PRESS THE SENSE OF THE SEN- f ment intended to be proposed by him to the ATE REGARDING THE SUCCESS bill S. 178, to provide justice for the victims SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS OF OPERATION STREAMLINE of trafficking; which was ordered to lie on AND THE IMPORTANCE OF PROS- the table. ECUTING FIRST TIME ILLEGAL f SENATE RESOLUTION 103—SUP- BORDER CROSSERS PORTING THE GOALS AND TEXT OF AMENDMENTS Mr. FLAKE (for himself, Mr. GRASS- IDEALS OF SOCIAL WORK MONTH SA 319. Mr. TILLIS submitted an LEY, Mr. JOHNSON, and Mr. MCCAIN) AND WORLD SOCIAL WORK DAY amendment intended to be proposed by submitted the following resolution; him to the bill S. 178, to provide justice Ms. STABENOW (for herself, Ms. MI- which was referred to the Committee for the victims of trafficking; which KULSKI, and Mr. FRANKEN) submitted on Homeland Security and Govern- was ordered to lie on the table; as fol- the following resolution; which was re- mental Affairs: lows: ferred to the Committee on Health, S. RES. 104 Education, Labor, and Pensions: At the appropriate place, insert the fol- Whereas the Border Patrol’s Yuma Sector lowing: S. RES. 103 has long grappled with the crossing of un- SEC. l. REVOCATION OF IMMIGRATION BENE- Whereas the primary mission of the social documented aliens and has seen illegal traf- FITS FOR ALIENS CONVICTED OF work profession is to enhance human well- fic decline precipitously from the early 2000s HUMAN TRAFFICKING. being and help meet the basic needs of all to the present; (a) IN GENERAL.—If a covered alien is con- people, especially the most vulnerable in so- Whereas a combination of increased man- victed of human trafficking or any con- ciety; power, technology implementation, and the spiracy related to human trafficking, the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 03:23 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G18MR6.044 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE S1634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE March 18, 2015 Secretary of Homeland Security or the Sec- (12) The memorandum from the Secretary Litigation Practices on the American retary of State, as appropriate, shall— of Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Families of Economy.’’ (1) revoke any immigration benefit granted U.S. Armed Forces Members and Enlistees’’ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to the covered alien; dated November 20, 2014. objection, it is so ordered. (2) revoke any relief from removal provided (13) The memorandum from the Secretary pursuant to policies implemented under, or of Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Directive to COMMITTEE ON VETERANS’ AFFAIRS substantially similar to policies imple- Provide Consistency Regarding Advance Pa- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask mented under, an Executive action or memo- role’’ dated November 20, 2014. unanimous consent that the Com- randa set out under subsection (c) granted to (14) The memorandum from the Secretary mittee on Veterans’ Affairs be author- the covered alien; and of Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Policies to ized to meet during the session of the (3) place the covered alien in expedited pro- Promote and Increase Access to U.S. Citizen- Senate on March 18, 2015, at 10 a.m. in ceedings for removal from the United States ship’’ dated November 20, 2014. after the covered alien completes any term (15) The memorandum from the President room SD–G50 of the Dirksen Senate Of- of imprisonment for such a conviction. entitled ‘‘Modernizing and Streamlining the fice Building, to conduct a joint hear- (b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: U.S. Immigrant Visa System for the 21st ing with the House Committee on Vet- (1) COVERED ALIEN.—The term ‘‘covered Century’’ dated November 21, 2014. erans’ Affairs. alien’’— (16) The memorandum from the President The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (A) means an alien present in the United entitled ‘‘Creating Welcoming Communities objection, it is so ordered. States; and and Fully Integrating Immigrants and Refu- SUBCOMMITTEE ON SEAPOWER (B) does not include an alien lawfully ad- gees’’ dated November 21, 2014. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask mitted for permanent residence. f (2) LAWFULLY ADMITTED FOR PERMANENT unanimous consent that the Sub- RESIDENCE.—The term ‘‘lawfully admitted for AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO committee on Seapower of the Com- permanent residence’’ has the meaning given MEET mittee on Armed Services be author- that term in section 101 of the Immigration COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES ized to meet during the session of the and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101). Senate on March 18, 2015, at 9:30 a.m. (c) EXECUTIVE ACTIONS.—The Executive ac- Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tions and memoranda set out under this sub- objection, it is so ordered. section are the following: mittee on Armed Services be author- (1) The memorandum from the Director of ized to meet during the session of the f United States Immigration and Customs En- Senate on March 18, 2015, at 2:30 p.m. PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR forcement entitled ‘‘Civil Immigration En- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without forcement: Priorities for the Apprehension, objection, it is so ordered. Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I ask Detention, and Removal of Aliens’’ dated unanimous consent that my intern, COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND March 2, 2011. Sirvat Tokatlian, be allowed privileges (2) The memorandum from the Director of TRANSPORTATION Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask of the floor throughout the day. United States Immigration and Customs En- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without forcement entitled ‘‘Exercising Prosecu- unanimous consent that the Com- torial Discretion Consistent with the Civil mittee on Commerce, Science, and objection, it is so ordered. Immigration Enforcement Priorities of the Transportation be authorized to meet f Agency for the Apprehension, Detention, and during the session of the Senate on MEASURE READ THE FIRST Removal of Aliens’’ dated June 17, 2011. March 18, 2015, at 2:30 p.m., in room (3) The memorandum from the Principal TIME—H.R. 1191 Legal Advisor of United States Immigration SR–253 of the Russell Senate Office Building to conduct a hearing entitled Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I and Customs Enforcement entitled ‘‘Case-by- understand there is a bill at the desk, Case Review of Incoming and Certain Pend- ‘‘Oversight of the Federal Communica- ing Cases’’ dated November 17, 2011. tions Commission.’’ and I ask for its first reading. (4) The memorandum from the Secretary of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Exercising objection, it is so ordered. clerk will read the bill by title for the Prosecutorial Discretion with Respect to In- first time. COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC dividuals Who Came to the United States as WORKS The senior assistant legislative clerk Children’’ dated June 15, 2012. read as follows: (5) The memorandum from the Director of Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask A bill (H.R. 1191) to amend the Internal United States Immigration and Customs En- unanimous consent that the Com- Revenue Code of 1986 to ensure that emer- forcement entitled ‘‘Civil Immigration En- mittee on Environment and Public gency services volunteers are not taken into forcement: Guidance on the Use of Detainers Works be authorized to meet during account as employees under the shared re- in the Federal, State, Local, and Tribal the session of the Senate on March 18, sponsibility requirements contained in the Criminal Justice Systems’’ dated December 2015, at 9:30 a.m., in room SD–406 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. 21, 2012. Dirksen Senate Office Building, to con- (6) The memorandum from the Secretary of Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Southern Bor- duct a hearing entitled ‘‘Frank R. Lau- ask for a second reading and, in order der and Approaches Campaign’’ dated No- tenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st to place the bill on the calendar under vember 20, 2014. Century Act.’’ the provisions of rule XIV, I object to (7) The memorandum from the Secretary of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without my own request. Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Policies for the objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- Apprehension, Detention and Removal of Un- COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS documented Immigrants’’ dated November tion having been heard, the bill will be 20, 2014. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask read for the second time on the next (8) The memorandum from the Secretary of unanimous consent that the Com- legislative day. mittee on Indian Affairs be authorized Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Secure Com- f munities’’ dated November 20, 2014. to meet during the session of the Sen- (9) The memorandum from the Secretary of ate on March 18, 2015, in room SD–628 of ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, MARCH Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Exercising the Dirksen Senate Office Building, at 19, 2015 Prosecutorial Discretion with Respect to In- 2:30 p.m. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I dividuals Who Came to the United States as The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Children and with Respect to Certain Indi- ask unanimous consent that when the viduals Who Are the Parents of U.S. Citizens objection, it is so ordered. Senate completes its business today, it or Permanent Residents’’ dated November 20, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY adjourn until 11 a.m., Thursday, March 2014. Mr. ISAKSON. Mr. President, I ask 19; that following the prayer and (10) The memorandum from the Secretary unanimous consent that the Com- pledge, the morning hour be deemed of Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Expansion of mittee on the Judiciary be authorized expired, the Journal of proceedings be the Provisional Waiver Program’’ dated No- to meet during the session of the Sen- approved to date, and the time for the vember 20, 2014. (11) The memorandum from the Secretary ate, on March 18, 2015, at 10 a.m., in two leaders be reserved for their use of Homeland Security entitled ‘‘Policies room SD–226 of the Dirksen Senate Of- later in the day; that following leader Supporting U.S. High-Skilled Businesses and fice Building, to conduct a hearing en- remarks, the Senate resume consider- Workers’’ dated November 20, 2014. titled ‘‘The Impact of Abusive Parent ation of S. 178, with the time until the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 04:48 Mar 19, 2015 Jkt 049060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A18MR6.021 S18MRPT1 smartinez on DSK4TPTVN1PROD with SENATE March 18, 2015 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S1635 cloture vote at 12 noon equally divided PROGRAM ate, I ask unanimous consent that it between the two leaders or their des- Mr. MCCONNELL. Senators should stand adjourned under the previous ignees. expect up to two rollcall votes at noon. order. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without f There being no objection, the Senate, objection, it is so ordered. ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 11 A.M. at 5:24 p.m., adjourned until Thursday, TOMORROW March 19, 2015, at 11 a.m. Mr. MCCONNELL. If there is no fur- ther business to come before the Sen-

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