Truss Bracing Not Group of 3 Trusses  in the Construction Documents

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Guide to Good Practice for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses

NOTICE WARNING CAUTION DANGER

JOINTLY PRODUCED BY

Structural Building Components Association

2013 EDITION UPDATED MARCH 2015

Building Component Safety Information

WARNING CAUTION Danger

Use of the words above in any language should tell the reader that Prior to Truss installation, it is recommended that the documents an unsafe condition or action will greatly increase the probability be examined and disseminated to all appropriate personnel. In of an accident occurring that results in serious personal injury addition to proper training and a clear understanding of the in- or death. Disregarding or ignoring handling, installing, restraining stallation plan, any applicable fall protection requirements and the and bracing safety recommendations is the major cause of Struc- intended restraint/Bracing requirements shall be understood. tural Building Component erection/installation accidents. Examine the structure, including the framing system, bearing lo- The erection/installation of Structural Building Components is in- cations, and related installation locations and begin Truss installa- herently dangerous and requires, above all, careful planning and tion only after any unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. communication between the Contractor involved with the erection/ Do not cut, modify, or repair components. Report any damage installation, installation crew and the crane operator. Depending on before installation. the experience of the Contractor, it is strongly recommended that a meeting be held with all onsite individuals involved in the lift- The information in this book is offered as a minimum guideline ing/hoisting, installing and temporary/permanent restraint/bracing only. Nothing contained in BCSI shall be construed in any manner operations to review the provisions of the Building Component as expanding the scope of responsibility of, or imposing any ad- Safety Information (BCSI) book, the Truss Design Drawings, the ditional liabilities on the Truss Manufacturer. Construction Documents (i.e., architectural/structural plans and Every project has different site conditions that can have a specific specifications), the Truss Placement Diagram (if/when required effect on the erection process. Before the first Truss is erected, by the Contract), OSHA jobsite lifting and fall protection require- every individual involved shall understand the plan for hoisting and ments (see BCSI-B11), the erection plan and installation plan (if Truss setting and the intended temporary restraint and Bracing provided) and site-specific environmental issues. requirements for a safe, efficient and accident-free jobsite. It is recommended that this review process be followed before any Precautionary Note to Users of BCSI Truss handling operations are performed. It is also recommended that this meeting be held before any Truss handling at each new This Guide to Good Practice for Handling, Installing, Restraining jobsite and be repeated for any individuals newly assigned to the & Bracing Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses (BCSI) may be erection/installation operation. Proper restraint and Bracing of edited, changed, revised or withdrawn at any time. Purchasers Trusses requires an understanding of triangulation in the various and users of this guide are advised to visit the products section planes perpendicular to the planes of the members of the Trusses. of sbcindustry.com to confirm that this edition is the most current This understanding is essential for a safe installation. The Con- information available. Use only the latest edition. Additionally, er- tractor involved with the erection/installation shall be familiar with rata and updates are published periodically and are available at general Lateral Restraint and Bracing concepts as discussed in sbcindustry.com/bcsi.php. the above-referenced industry publications. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as superior to the Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses and it does not preclude the use of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and providing stability for the walls, columns, floors, roof and all the interrelated Struc- tural Building Components as determined by the Contractor.

WARNING The handling, storing, installing, restraining and Bracing of Trusses requires specialized training, clearly implemented procedures, and careful planning and communication among the Contractor, all installation crews and any crane operators. Property damage and/or serious bodily injury is one possible result when handling and installing Trusses without appropriate training, planning and communication. EDITOR’S NOTE: Capitalized terms found throughout this document are defined in the “Glossary of Terms” (see pages 91-96).

Building Component Safety Information

Guide to Good Practice for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses

Jointly Produced by Structural Building Components Association (SBCA)

and Truss Plate Institute (TPI)

Published – March 2013 Updated – March 2015

Copyright © 2006-2015 Structural Building Components Association and Truss Plate Institute All rights reserved. This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

iii Building Component Safety Information

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PHOTO AND GRAPHIC ARTS CREDITS

The thoughts, ideas and hard work of many have brought this edi- Graphic art, photographs, sketches, drawings, forms, and table tion of the Building Component Safety Information (BCSI) docu- formats that appear in this document have come from many ment to press. sources, some known and others unknown. SBCA and TPI wish to thank the following known suppliers of graphic materials for Special thanks to SBCA’s membership in its entirety for perspective this BCSI book: and feedback in guiding the creation of this work, under the leader- ship of the Executive Committee and Board. Special thanks are also • Cherokee Metal Products, Inc. due to each of the TPI Member Companies: Cherokee Metal Prod- • Eagle Metal Products ucts, CompuTrus, Eagle Metal Products, ITW Building Components Group Inc., MiTek Industries, Robbins Engineering, and TEE-LOK • ITW Building Components Group Inc. Corporation. - Alpine Engineered Products Certain individuals have been especially dedicated to making - Truswal Systems BCSI possible: Scott Arquilla; Rich Avery; Bruce Bain; Paul Bar- • MiTek Industries, Inc. tholomew; Dave Brakeman, P.E., S.E.; Junaidie Budiman, P.E.; - CompuTrus, Inc. Mike Bugbee; Steve Cabler, P.E.; Mike Cassidy, R.A.; Steve Cramer, P.E.; Bob Dayhoff; Dave Denoncourt; Chris Diedrich, P.E.; Johnny - USP Structural Connectors Drozdek, P.E.; Allen Erickson; John Ernst, P.E.; Howard Gauger; • Robbins Engineering, Inc. Dave Gromala, P.E.; John Gruber, P.E., S.E.; Aaron Halberg, P.E.; Steve Hanek; Joe Heinsman, P.E.; David Horne, P.E.; Paul Johnson, • Sheppard Engineering, P.C. P.E.; Dave Johnston, P.E.; Mike Karceski; Steve Kennedy, E.I.; Ted • Simpson Strong-Tie Company Kolanko, P.E.; Mike Kozlowski, P.E.; Earl Latham; Stu Lewis, P.E.; Mark Luther, P.E.; Pat McGuire, P.E.; Mike Magid, P.E.; John Meeks, P.E.; Joe Michels, P.E.; David Motter, P.E.; David Nelson, P.E.; Mike Nilles; Gary Obudzinski, P.E.; Kent Reimschussel, P.E.; Tim Rie- gel, P.E.; Chris Rizer, E.I; Jim Schreiber; Norm Scheel, P.E., S.E.; Don Scott, P.E.; Robert Shupe, P.E.; Kelly Sias, P.E.; Mike Sinniger; Marvin Strzyzewski, P.E.; Bob Tibbits, P.E.; Larry Wainright; Allen Washburn; David Weaver, P.E.; Dave Wert, P.E.; Larry Wilder, P.E. and Stephanie Young, P.E.

SBCA would like to thank those who serve on its Engineering & Technology and Marketing Committees, and TPI would like to thank those who serve on its Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) for their continued dedication to advancing our industry’s work on safety and technology.

Finally, a key thank you must go to those that tended to all the details in the background, without which this document would not be completed. This group includes Art Hernandez, P.E., Dave Brake- man, P.E., S.E.; Jay Jones, P.E. and Mike Cassidy, R.A. of TPI; Bob Dayhoff, Melinda Caldwell; Ryan Dexter, P.E.; Agron Gjinolli, P.E.; Kirk Grundahl, P.E.; Keith Hershey; Brooke Kutz; Trish Kutz; Denise Lane; Libby Maurer; Anita Merideth; Sherry Misener; Emily Pat- terson, Marisa Peters; Sean Shields; Rachel Smith, P.E.; Jim Vogt, P.E.; Jill Zimmerman and Richard Zimmermann of SBCA staff.

iv Building Component Safety Information

contents

Notice/Warning/Caution/Danger...... i General Notes...... 16 Precautionary Note to Users of BCSI...... i BCSI-B2 Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing....17 Acknowledgements...... iv Considerations Before Starting...... 18 Photo and Graphic Arts Credits...... iv General Safety Reminders...... 18 Introduction...... vii Summary of the Eight Steps in the Publications Background...... vii Truss Installation Process...... 19 Important Note Regarding On-Center Spacing...... viii Details of the Eight-Step Truss Installation Process...... 20 SI Unit Conversions...... viii Alternate Installation Method...... 29 Jobsite Package Cover Sheet...... viii Hip Set Assembly & Bracing...... 30 Checklist for Handling & Installing Trusses...... ix Long Span Truss Installation...... 32 Building Designer Information...... x Field Assembly & Other Special Conditions...... 34 Building Designer Checklist...... x Valley Set Frame Installation...... 35 Acronyms and Initialisms...... xii Special Applications Using Trusses...... 36 BCSI-B1 Guide for Handling, Installing, Other Applications Requiring Special Restraint/Bracing....36 Restraining & Bracing of Trusses...... 1 BCSI-B3 Permanent Restraint/Bracing Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing...... 2 of Chords & Web Members...... 37 Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint...... 2 Restraint/Bracing Materials & Fasteners...... 38 Special Design Requirements...... 3 Using Temporary Restraint/Bracing as Permanent Restraint/Bracing...... 38 Unloading & Lifting...... 3 Permanent Bracing for the Various Planes Jobsite Handling...... 3 of a Roof Truss...... 38 Crane Use & Proper Truss Handling...... 4 Permanent Bracing for Special Conditions...... 51 Hoisting & Placement of Truss Bundles...... 6 BCSI-B4 Construction Loading...... 53 Mechanical Hoisting Recommendations for Single Trusses. 8 Construction Loading Do’s and Don’ts...... 53 Installation of Single Trusses by Hand...... 9 BCSI-B5 Truss Damage, Jobsite Modifications Restraint/Bracing Material & Connections...... 9 & Installation Errors...... 55 Beginning the Erection/Installation Process...... 10 Follow These Steps to Correct Damage, Jobsite Modifications or Installation Errors...... 55 Ground Brace - Exterior...... 10 Common Repair Techniques...... 55 Ground Brace - Interior...... 10 Examples of Common Damage, Modifications Installation Tolerances...... 11 and Installation Errors...... 56 Restraint/Bracing Warnings...... 11 Notice Regarding BCSI-B6...... 57 Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing Requirements BCSI-B7 Temporary & Permanent Restraint/Bracing for the Various Planes of a Roof Truss...... 12 of 3x2 and 4x2 Parallel Chord Trusses...... 59 Alternative Methods of Temporary Standard Floor Details...... 59 Installation Restraint/Bracing...... 14 Storage and Handling...... 59 Restraint & Bracing 3x2 & 4x2 Parallel Chord Trusses.....14 Common Installation Errors...... 59 Construction Loading...... 15 Installation Restraint/Bracing Requirements...... 60 Additional Notes...... 16 v Building Component Safety Information

Permanent Restraint & Bracing...... 61 General Safety Reminders...... 74 Strongbacking Provisions...... 61 Truss Storage...... 75 Construction Loading...... 62 Mechanical Installation...... 76 Alterations...... 62 Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing Principles...... 77 Special Conditions...... 62 Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint Schedule...... 79 BCSI-B8 Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Permanent Restraint/Bracing...... 80 Trusses At Bearing Locations...... 63 Using Temporary Restraint/Bracing as General...... 63 Permanent Restraint/Bracing...... 80 Factors Affecting the Strength Restraint/Bracing Materials & Fasteners...... 80 of a Toe-Nailed Connection...... 63 Permanent Bracing for the Various Planes Toe-Nailing Used with Bottom Bearing Applications...... 64 of a Roof Truss...... 81 How Much Uplift & Lateral Resistance Permanent Bracing for Special Conditions...... 85 Can Toe-Nailing Provide?...... 65 Permanent Bracing for the Top Chord

Load Duration Factor, CD (for Connections)...... 66 in a Piggyback Assembly...... 86 Toe-Nailing Used to Attach Jack Trusses to a Girder...... 66 BCSI-B11 Fall Protection & Trusses...... 87 Other Types of Uplift Connections...... 68 Truss Systems...... 87 Non-Bearing Wall Considerations...... 68 Site-Specific Job Hazard Assessment...... 88 BCSI-B9 Multi-Ply Girders...... 69 Fall Protection Equipment Installation...... 88 Ply-to-Ply Connection Requirements...... 69 Alternative Fall Protection Plans...... 89 Good Installation Practices...... 70 Glossary of Terms...... 91 Fastener Guidelines...... 70 Reference...... 97 Nail Fasteners...... 70 Industry Associations & Governmental Agencies...... 97 Screw Fasteners...... 71 Industry Standards, Guidelines & Recommendations...... 97 Bolt Fasteners...... 71 Supplemental Information Tags...... 98 BCSI-B10 Post Frame Truss Installation, Quick Reference Guide to BCSI B-Series Restraint & Bracing...... 73 Summary Sheets...... Back Cover Considerations Before Starting...... 74

vi Building Component Safety Information

INTRODUCTION The B-Series Summary Sheets include:

The Structural Building Components Association (SBCA) and BCSI-B1 Summary Sheet - Guide for Handling, Installing, Re- Truss Plate Institute (TPI) have each adopted policies to promote straining & Bracing of Trusses: This guide for builders features handling, installing, restraining and bracing guidelines for Metal proper techniques for unloading, storing, lifting, erecting, installing, Plate Connected Wood Trusses that are simple, safe, proven restraining and Bracing Trusses. It includes specific information for methods consistent with accepted framing construction practices protecting Trusses from weather and damage at the jobsite, how in the field. The intention of this Building Component Safety Infor- to lift bundles and individual Trusses by crane, restraining/Bracing mation (BCSI) book is to implement those policies. guidelines to prevent Trusses from toppling during erection, installation tolerances to keep the Trusses in plane and plumb and basic The methods and procedures in BCSI are intended to ensure that Construction Loading and materials placement recommendations. the overall construction techniques employed will put floor and Numerous graphics accompanied by written instructions provide roof Trusses in place safely. These recommendations for han- an easy-to-follow reference. A supplemental warning tag can be dling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses are based upon attached to individual Trusses urging erection/installation Contrac- the collective experience of leading personnel involved with Truss tors to refer to BCSI-B1 for more Bracing information. design, manufacturing and installation, but must, due to the nature of responsibilities involved, be presented only as a guide for use BCSI-B2 Summary Sheet - Truss Installation & Temporary by a qualified Building Designer and/or Contractor. It is not intend- Restraint/Bracing: Temporary restraint/Bracing is an important, ed that these recommendations be interpreted as superior to the yet often overlooked, element of safe Truss installation. BCSI-B2 Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, provides options for safe temporary restraint/Bracing installations restraining and Bracing Trusses and it does not preclude the use and strongly emphasizes how all Lateral Restraint needs to be sta- of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and providing bilized with Diagonal Bracing, while showing how to get the first stability for the walls, columns, floors, roofs and all the interrelated five Trusses erected, restrained and Braced efficiently and safely Structural Building Components as determined by the Contractor. for the benefit of the crew and the project. Thus, SBCA, TPI and those who participated in the development of this guide expressly disclaim any responsibility for damages BCSI-B3 Summary Sheet - Permanent Restraint/Bracing of arising from the use, application, or reliance on the recommenda- Chords & Web Members: Permanent Bracing must provide suffi- tions and information contained herein. cient support at right angles to the plane of the Truss to hold every Truss member in the position assumed for it in the design. BCSI- B3 reviews the various planes of the Truss that typically must be PUBLICATIONS BACKGROUND restrained/Braced and provides installation guidelines for Gable End Frame restraint/Bracing, individual chord and web member The first edition of the BCSI book (BCSI 1-03) was developed by Permanent restraint/Bracing, web member reinforcement and Per- SBCA and TPI to replace HIB-91, Commentary and Recommen- manent restraint/Bracing for special conditions. dations for Handling, Installing and Bracing Metal Plate Connect- ed Wood Trusses. The BCSI book was developed using DSB-89, BCSI-B4 Summary Sheet - Construction Loading: During con- Recommended Design Specification for Temporary Bracing of struction, Trusses must not support any loads from equipment Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses; HIB-91; HIB-91 (Summary or construction materials until the Truss assembly is properly re- Sheet); HIB-98, Recommendations for Handling, Installing and strained and braced. This document provides safe stack heights for Temporary Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses Used several materials and illustrates good and bad loading practices. in Post-Frame Construction; and several bracing, warning and safety documents existing at the time. The consistent message BCSI-B5 Summary Sheet - Truss Damage, Jobsite Modifica- throughout all of these documents is that proper Truss handling, tions & Installation Errors: Trusses are engineered components installing, restraining and Bracing are crucial for consistent jobsite that can be damaged through mishandling, jobsite modification or safety and acceptable structural performance. More information improper installation. This Summary Sheet provides information regarding the design and manufacturing of metal plate connected on what to do if Trusses become damaged during the construc- wood Trusses is provided in ANSI/TPI 1-2014, National Design tion process. Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses, and the 3rd The following B-Series Summary Sheets were specifically created edition of the Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Handbook pub- for special conditions that are encountered during the Truss instal- lished by SBCA. lation and Bracing process: The sections of this book are available as B-Series Summary BCSI-B7 Summary Sheet - Guide for Handling, Installing and Sheets. Each Summary Sheet condenses the information con- Bracing of 3x2 and 4x2 Parallel Chord Trusses: Floor Trusses are tained in the corresponding section of this book into a few pages more stable during installation because they are built with the wide- that emphasize the main points using a graphical representation of face of the lumber oriented horizontally. Nevertheless, it is important the text as fully as possible. The goal is to provide clear, concise to observe good installation, restraint and Bracing practices so floor information for jobsite users so they can implement the handling, systems are installed safely and successfully, and offer better long- installing, restraining and Bracing concepts contained herein more term floor performance. easily. vii Building Component Safety Information

BCSI-B8 Summary Sheet - Using Toe-Nailed Connections to JOBSITE PACKAGE Cover Sheet Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations: Toe-nailing is commonly used to attach Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses (MPCWT) SBCA has created a “JOBSITE PACKAGE” cover sheet that may be and other wood-based framing components to their supports. included with a jobsite package for each job. The jobsite package BCSI-B8 contains guidelines for using toe-nailed Connections and typically provides one or more of the BCSI Summary Sheets, the provides uplift and lateral resistance capacities for these Connec- Truss Design Drawings for the project, the Truss Placement Dia- tions. Connection options are also discussed for when toe-nailing gram (if/when required by the Contract) and other key information is not enough. as determined by the Truss Manufacturer.

BCSI-B9 Summary Sheet - Multi-Ply Girders: Multiple-ply Girder Trusses consist of two or more individual Trusses that must be attached together to act as a single member. BCSI-B9 discusses various attachment methods and types of fasteners. JOBSITE PACKAGE

BCSI-B10 Summary Sheet - Post Frame Truss Installation, IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS ENCLOSED Restraint & Bracing: Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses are PLEASE REVIEW commonly used in post frame construction. This Summary Sheet WARNING: The handling, storing, installing, restraining and diagonal bracing of structural building components requires specialized training, clearly implemented procedures, and careful planning and communication among the contractor, crane operator and installation crew. Handling and installing components without appropriate training, planning and commu- provides guidelines for the proper handling, installing, restraining nication greatly increases the probability of an accident resulting in property damage, serious personal injury and/or death. Prior to component installation, the documents should be examined and disseminated to all appropriate personnel, in addition to and Bracing of flat Bottom Chord MPCWT spaced >2' to 12' on- proper training and a clear understanding of the installation plan, any applicable fall protection requirements, and the intended restraint and bracing requirements. Trusses with clear spans of 60 feet or greater in length are very dangerous to install center in engineered post frame building system applications. and may require complex temporary and permanent bracing. Please consult a Registered Design Professional. Examine the building, the building’s structural framing system, bearing locations and related installation conditions. Begin component installation only after any unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. Do not cut, modify or repair components. Report any damage before installation. BCSI-B11 Summary Sheet - Fall Protection & Trusses: Trusses The enclosed documents are offered as minimum guidelines only. Nothing contained in this jobsite package should be construed in any manner as expanding the scope of responsibility of, or imposing any additional liabilities on, the component manufacturer. are NOT designed to be fall protection anchors. BCSI-11 provides ¡ADVERTENCIA!: El manejo, almacenamiento, instalación, restricción y arriostre diagonal de componentes estructurales de construcción requieren entrenamiento especializada, procedimientos claramente implementados y planificaron general guidelines to assist framing crews to safely and efficiently y comunicación clara entre el contratista, operador de grúa, y los obreros de instalación. El manejar e instalar los componentes sin entrenamiento suficiente, planificación y comunicación adecuadas aumenta la probabilidad de un accidente que resulta en install Trusses while meeting OSHA’s fall protection guidelines. dareo a propiedad, herida seria o muerte. Antes de la instalación de componentes, los documentos adjuntos deben ser examinados y difundidos a todo el personal apropiado, además del entrenamiento pertinente y un claro entendimiento del plan de instalación, de todo requisito aplicable de la protección contra la caída y de los requisitos previstos de arriostre y restricción. La instalación de trusses con tramos despejados y más de 60 pies de largo es muy peligrosa y puede requiere el arriostre temporal y permanente All BCSI Summary Sheets are viewable online and are available at complejo. Por favor, consulte a un Profesional de Diseño Registrado. Examine la estructura, el sistema armazón estructural de edificio, ubicaciones de soporte e las condiciones de instalación cor- sbcindustry.com/bcsi.php. respondientes y comenzar con la instalación de los componentes sólo después de haber corregido toda condición insatisfactoria. No corte, modifique ni repare los componentes y informe cualquier daño descubierto antes de proceder a la instalación. Los documentos adjuntos se ofrecen solamente como directrices mínimas. Nada de lo incluido en este paquete debe interpretarse de manera que exceda el alcance de la responsabilidad del fabricante de componentes, ni en forma tal que imponga responsabilidades adicionales sobre éste. IMPORTANT NOTE REGARDING ON-CENTER SPACING

BCSI is primarily directed toward Truss installations in which the on-center (o.c.) spacing is 24" or less. The exception to this is BCSI-B10, which covers spacings greater than 24" o.c. Truss To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/jobsitecs. spacing of 19.2", 16" and 12" o.c. are occasionally used. These for Design responsibilities see reverse closer o.c. spacings are acceptable using the handling, installing and Bracing criteria of this book.

SI UNIT CONVERSIONS

1" = 25.4mm

1' = 0.305m

1 lb/ft = 0.01459 kN/m

1 lb/ft2 = 0.0479 kN/m2

viii Building Component Safety Information

Checklist for Handling & Installing Trusses DO NOT cut, drill, relocate, add or remove any Truss member or Metal Connector Plate until you have received instructions SBCA has also created the “Checklist for Handling and Installing from the Truss Manufacturer. Trusses” that may also be included with a jobsite package. An q Protect Trusses from weather, corrosion, Lateral Bending, example of this Checklist is provided below. damage and deterioration when stored at the jobsite. When Trusses are stored at the site, use Blocking, stringers, pallets, platforms or other means of support to keep the Trusses off of the ground or in a braced upright position to avoid damage. q Carefully review the Truss Design Drawings, the Truss Place- ment Diagram (if/when required by Contract) and all JOBSITE Checklist for Handling and Installing Trusses Lista de Verificación Para Manejar e Instalar Los Trusses PACKAGE documents prior to handling and installing Truss-

BCSI-B3 SUMMARY SHEET - PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF CHORDS & WEB MEMBERS B3 Spans over 60’ may require complex permanent bracing. Please always consult a Registered Design Professional. B3

AlWAYS DIAGONAllY BRACE THE CONTINUOUS lATERAl RESTRAINT! WARNING! Disregarding permanent restraint/bracing is a major cause of truss field performance  The TDD provides information on the assumed support for the bottom chord. Gable End Frames and Sloped Bottom Chords ¡SIEMPRE ARRIOSTRE lA RESTRICCIóN lATERAl CONTINUA DIAGONAlMENTE! problems and has been known to lead to roof or floor systems collapse. El TDD provee información sobre el soporte supuesto para la cuerda inferior. B. Individual Web Member Reinforcement Armazones Hastiales Y Cuerdas Inferiores Pendientes ¡ADVERTENCIA! Descuidar el arriostre/restricción permanente es una causa principal de  Install bottom chord permanent lateral restraint at the spacing indicated on the TDD B. Refuerzo de Miembros Secundarios Individuales The gable end frame should always match the profile of the adjacent trusses to permit installation problemas de rendimiento del truss en campo y había conocido a llevar al derrumbamiento del  and/or by the building designer with a maximum of 10’ (3 m) on-center. T-, L-, Scab, I-, U-Reinforcement, proprietary metal reinforcement and stacked web products provide an of proper bottom chord plane restraint & bracing unless special bracing is designed to support the sistema del techo o piso. alternative for resisting web buckling. end wall. CAUTION! Spans over 60’ (18.3 m) may require complex permanent bracing. Please always Instale restricción lateral permanente de la cuerda inferior al espaciamiento indicado T-, L-, costra, I-, U-Refuerzo, refuerzo de metal patentando y productos de miembros secundarios El armazón hastial siempre debe encajar el perfil de los trusses contiguous para permitir la insta- consult a registered design professional. en el TDD y/o por el diseñador del edificio con un máximo de 10 pies en el centro. amontonados proveen una alternativa para resistir el torcer de los miembros secundarios. lación de restricción y arriostre apropiada de la cuerda inferior a menos que arriostre especial es ¡CAUTElA! Tramos sobre 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, diseñado para soportar la pared de extremo. siempre consulte a un profesional registrado de diseño. FALL PROTECTION & TRUSSES Bottom RESTRAINT/BRACING MATERIAlS & FASTENERS Diagonal chord es. MATERIAlES Y CIERRES DE RESTRICCIóN/ARRIOSTRE bracing Construction Loading plane Fall Protection & Trusses  Common restraint/bracing materials include wood structural panels, gypsum board sheathing, Bottom chords stress-graded lumber, proprietary metal products, and metal purlins and straps. ≈45˚ Materiales comunes de arriostrar/restringir incluyen paneles estructurales de madera, entablado Cargas de Construcción de yeso, madera graduada por esfuerza, productos de metal patentados, y vigas de soporte y B4 B11 Protección de Caída y Trusses tiras de metal. Example of raked gable end wall Truss Member, typ. (with scissors gable end frame) MINIMUM ATTACHMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR LUMBER RESTRAINT/BRACING1,2 Lateral restraint 2x4x12' ≤10'  The following table may be used unless more specific information is provided. ≤10' ≤20' or greater lapped over La siguiente tabla puede ser usada a menos que información más específica está provista. CAUTION! Using a flat bottom chord gable end frame with adjacent trusses that have sloped Lumber Size Minimum Nail Size Minimum Number of (3 m) (6.1 m) Nails per Connection (3 m) ≤10' two trusses bottom chords is prohibited by some building codes as adequate bracing of this condition is dif- (3 m) ≤10' WEB REINFORCEMENT FOR SINGlE PlY TRUSSES1 ficult andConstruction sometimes impossible. loads Special are end thosewall bracing loads design imposedconsiderations on are requiredthe unfinished by 2x4 stress-graded 10d (0.128x3”) (3 m) Note: Some chord and web members the building designer if the gable end frame profile does not match the adjacent trusses. Regulations on fall protection and erection/installation of trusses in residential construction are contained in OSHA’s Fall Protection Standard, 29 12d (0.128x3.25”) 2 not shown for clarity. ¡CAUTElA!building El uso de unas armazón a result hastial of de thela cuerda construction inferior con trusses process. contiguos cualesTypical construction 16d (0.131x3.5”) CFR 1926 Subpart M(the Standard). Section 1926.501(b)(13) of the Standard states in part: “Each employee engaged in residential construction Lateral restraint and diagonal bracing used to brace the bottom chord plane. tienen cuerdasloads inferiores include pendientes the esweight prohibido ofpor thealgunos workers, códigos de edificiosequipment, porque ar- and building 2x6 stress-graded 10d (0.128x3”) riostre adecuado de esta condición es difícil y a veces imposible. Consideraciones especiales de activities 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, scaffolding, a safety net system or a personal fall arrest system.” 12d (0.128x3.25”) 3 3. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE WEB MEMBER PlANE diseño paramaterials, el arriostre de tola pared name de extremo a few. son Forrequeridos example, por el diseñador a bundle del edificio of plywoodsi el 16d (0.131x3.5”) 3. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El PlANO DEl MIEMBRO SECUNDARIOBCSI-B1 SUMMARY SHEET - GUIDE FOR HANDLING,perfil del sheathingarmazón hastial orno INSTALLING,hacegypsum juego con board los trusses stacked contiguos. on trusses RESTRAINING temporarily creates AND BRACING OF TRUSSES 1 Las regulaciones sobre protección contra caídas y levantamiento/instalación de entramados en construcción residencial vienen contenidos Other attachment requirements may be specified by the truss designer or building designer. Web member permanent bracing collects and transfers buckling restraint forces and/or lateral PERMANENTconstruction BRACING FOR SPECIAloads.l CONDITIONS 2 The grade/size and attachment for bracing materials such as wood structural panels, gypsum board sheathing, loadsB1 from wind and seismic forces. The same bracing can often be used for both functions. Spans over 60’ may require complex permanent bracing. Please always consult a Registered Design Professional.en la Regulación de Protección contra Caídas de OSHA, 29 CFR 1926 Subparte M (el Estándar).B1 La sección 1926.501(b)(13) de la regulación proprietary metal restraint/bracing products, and metal purlins and straps are provided by the building designer. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA CONDICIONES ESPECIAlES Arriostre permanente de los miembros secundarios recogen y pasan fuerzas de restricción de Sway Bracing—CargasArriostre de de construcción “Sway” son las cargas que están impuestas a los establece en parte: “Cada empleado que participe en actividades de construcción residencial a 6 pies o más por encima de niveles inferiores torcer y/o cargasGENERAL laterales de viento yNOTES fuerzas sísmicas. A menudo el mismoNOTAS arriostre puede GENERALES ser RESTRAINT & BRACING FOR 3x2 AND 4x2 PARALLEL CHORD TRUSSES PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE VARIOUS PlANES OF A TRUSS usado para ambos funciones. HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRUSS BUNDLES “Sway” bracingedificios is installed incompletos at the discretionSTEPS ofcomo TO resultado SETTING del procesoTRUSSES de construcción. the building designer to help stabilize the truss system deberán estarRESTRICCIÓN protegidos Y ARRIOSTREpor sistemas PARA de TRUSSESrampas deDE CUERDASprotección, PARALELAS andamiaje, 3X2 un Y 4X2sistema de red de seguridad o un sistema de protección ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA Top Trusses are not marked in any way to identify the Los trusses no están marcados de ningún modo que RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR PAQUETES DE TRUSSES chord Individualfrequency Web Member or location Permanent of temporary Restraint lateral & Bracing restraint identifique la frecuencia o localización de restricción lateral and minimizeCargas the lateral de movement construcción dueL toAS wind Mtípicas andEDIDAS incluyen DE el LA peso INSTALACIÓN de los trabajadores, DE LOS TRUSSES personal para detención de caídas.” Diagonal bracing VARIOS PlANOS DE UN TRUSS 10' (3 m) or Repeat diagonal bracing plane Restricciónand diagonaly Arriostre bracing. Permanente Follow de the Miembros recommendations Secundarios y Individualesarriostre diagonal temporales. Use las recomendaciones DON’T overload the crane. seismic loads. Refer 15' (4.6 m)* every 15 truss spaces 30' el equipo y los materiales1) Install de construcción,ground bracing. 2) etcétera. Set first truss Por and ejemplo, attach securely to ground bracing.3) Set next 4 Permanent bracing is important because it, Web for handling, installing and temporary restraining de manejo, instalación, restricción y arriostrePERMANENT temporal LATERAL RESTRAINT de AND DIAGONAL Arriostre de “sway” está instalado por la discreción del to BCSI-B7*** for (9.1 m)

 Check the TDD to determine which web members (if any) require restraint to resist buckling. 20080324 PLB  WEB REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED un paquete de entabladotrusses contrachapado with short member o temporarytabla de lateral yeso restraint apilados (see below). 4) Install top chord diagonal a) prevents out-of-plane buckling of truss member ~ Revisaand el bracing TDD para of determinar trusses. Refercuales tomiembros BCSI –secundarios Guide to (si algunos)los trusses. requieren Vea el restricciónfolleto BCSI – GuíaBRACING de Buena REQUIRED Práctica NO sobrecargue la grúa.SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION 20060409 WEBREINF diseñador del ddificio para ayudar en estabilizar el sistema SBCA hasmore created information. an alternate fall protection plan template, complete with links throughout the document to the applicable SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR LATERAL RESTRAINT; CONSULT BUILDING DESIGNER www.tpinst.org plane www.tpinst.org bracing (see below). 5) Install web member plane diagonal bracing to stabilize the first five members, paraGood resistir Practice el torcer. for Handling, Installing, Restraining para el Manejo, Instalación, RestricciónAND/OR y BCSI-B3Arriostre FOR DIAGONAL de BRACING los de trussestemporalmente y para minimizar el movimiento sobre lateral los debidotrusses a crean cargas de construcción. One restraint required NEVER use banding to lift a bundle. steps toVea follow el resumen in its online step-by-step approach to erecting an initial truss system under OSHA’s fall protection requirements. b) helps maintain proper truss spacing, and & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses de Madera Conectados con Placas de Metal***LATERAL cargas de viento y cargas sísmicas. trusses (see below). 6) Install bottom chord temporary lateral restraint and diagonal bracing (see Restrain and brace with, on each of these webs. RESTRAINT ***  NUNCA use las atadurasT, L OR SCABpara levantar un below). 7) Repeat process on groups of four trusses until all trusses are set. BCSI-B7*** para Visit www.sbcindustry.com/fp c) resists and transfers lateral loads from Trusses*** for more detailed information. para informaciónUna restricción más detallada. es Make sure that the truss assembly is properly restrainedSway bracing and installed braced continuously according across the tobuilding the also guidelines in BCSI-B1 and A. Continuous lateral restraint & diagonal bracing, or DIAGONAL  REINFORCEMENT  más información. wind and seismic forces. requerida en cada BRACING paquete. *** B. IndividualTruss Design member Drawings web reinforcement. may specify locations of Los dibujos de diseño de los trusses pueden especificar BCSI-B2 beforeT, L o REFUERZO placing any construction loads serveson them. to distribute Construction gravity loads between loads trusses1) shall Instale of varying only los arriostresbe placed de tierra. on fully2) Instale restrained el primero truss y ate seguramente al arriostre de Copyright © 1992-2006 All Rights Reserved All Rights © 1992-2006 Copyright

de estos miembros Reserved All Rights © 1992-2008 Copyright PLATE HERE El arriostre permanente es importante PLATE HERE DE SCABS Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing VEA EL DIBUJO DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA RESTRICCIÓN LATERAL; CONSULTE AL DISEÑADOR stiffness. Restrinjapermanent y arriostre lateral con, restraint or reinforcement for las localizacionessecundarios. de restricción lateralDE EDIFICIO permanente Y/O BCSI-B3 PARA ARRIOSTRE oDIAGONAL A single lift point may be used for bundles with tierra. 3) Instale los próximos 4 trusses con restricción lateral temporal de miembro corto (vea Apply diagonal brace to vertical porque,  Institute Plate Truss & Industry Components Building Structural the Representing – WTCA and braced Institute Plate Truss Industry Components & the Structural Building – Representing WTCA structures. Arriostre de “sway” que es instalada continuadamente al través del edificio también es usado A. Restricciónindividual lateral truss continua members. y arriostre Refer diagonal, to the o BCSI- refuerzo en los miembros individualesRESTRICCIÓN del truss. LATERAL Vea PERMANENTE la Y ARRIOSTREtrusses up to 45’ (13.7VEA DIBUJO m). DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA INFORMACIÓN ESPECÍFICA abajo). 4) Instale el arriostre diagonal de la cuerda superior (vea abajo). 5) Instale arriostreTR uSS SySTEmS – SISTEMASwebs at end of cantilever DE andENTRAMADO at a) impide el torcer fuera-de-plano de los para distribuir las cargas de gravedad entre trusses de rigidez variando. REFUERZO DE MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com *** Instalación miembros del truss, de Trusses & Restricción/ArriostreB. RefuerzoB3*** defor miembros more information. secundariosTemporal individuales.All other permanent hoja resumen BCSI-B3*** para másDIAGONAL información. ES REQUERIDO El TwoAsegúrese lift pointswww.sbcindustry.com may que be used el montajefor bundles withdel truss está adecuadamente restringido y arriostradodiagonal segúnpara los planoslas pautas de los miembros en BCSI-B1 secundarios paray estabilice los primeros cinco trusses bearing locations. All lateral restraints bracing design is the responsibility of the building resto de los diseños de arriostres permanentes son la WARNING! Do not over load supporting (vea abajo). 6) Instale la restricción lateral temporal y arriostre diagonal para la cuerda inferior B2 b) ayuda en mantener espaciamiento Bottom A. Continuous lateral Restraint (ClR) trusses up to 60’ ***(18.3 m). Permanent Restraint/Bracing for the Top Chord in a Piggyback Assembly lapped at least two trusses. chord designer. responsabilidad del diseñador del edificio. BCSI-B2 antes de colocar alguna cargastructure de with construcción truss bundle. en la estructura. Solamente coloquen cargas de construcción DANGER Any part of an inadequately braced or sheathed truss system used as an anchor- apropiado de los trusses, y & Diagonal Bracing Some truss manufacturers Usemark at the least locations 3 lift of points the web for lateral bundles restraint with or trusses reinforcement on the Restricción/Arriostre Permanente para la Cuerda(vea abajo). Superior 7) en Repita un Ensamblaje éste procedimiento de en grupos de cuatro trusses hasta que todos los *Top chord temporary lateral restraint spacing shall be 10' (3 m) o.c. max. for 3x2 chords q plane  c) resiste y pasa las cargas laterales de Structural A. Restricción lateral Continua (ClR) y Arriostre greater than 60’ (18.3 m). Piggyback trusses estén instalados. Examine the Building, the Building’s structural framing sys- truss using tags similar to thosearriba above. de estructuras cuales son restringidos ¡ADVERTENCIA y arriostrados! No sobrecargue completamente. la and 15' (4.6 m) o.c. for 4x2 chords.age point for any type of personal fall arrest system is dangerous and will increase the risk viento y fuerzas sísmicas aplicadas al sheathing Diagonal Algunos fabricantes de trusses marcan en el truss las ubicaciones de refuerzo o restricción lateralestructura  apoyadaProvide conrestraint el paquete and bracing de by: Repeat diagonal bracing sistema del truss. Puede usar un solo lugar de levantar para (red) at 10' (3Refer m) intervals to BCSI-B2 *** for more information. of serious injury or death. on top chord de miembros secundarios conWARNIN etiquetas similaresg !a Stackinglas arriba. excessive amountstrusses. of construction• using rows of materials 4x2 stress-graded on lumber floor or roof trusses is an unsafe practice. Prop- plane paquetes de trusses hasta 45 pies. alongVea the el run resùmen of trusses, BCSI-B2 or *** para más información. INSTALLING — INSTALACIÓN Out-of-Plane Trusses require permanent bracing WARNING! The consequences of improper CLR and diagonal bracing, or FOR TRUSSES UP TO 2'-0" ON-CENTER ANd 80'-0" IN LENgTH  Attach the CLR at the locations shown on the TDD. Web Member Plane Permanent Puede Building usar Stabilitydos puntos Bracing de levantar to Transfer para Wind & Seismic ForcesPlace truss bundles in stable position. as specified. handling, erecting, installing, restraining erty damage, personal injury and/or death are possible• connecting if the this CLR intowarning the roof is not heeded. Tolerances for Out-of-Plane. Max. Bow within ALL of the following planes: Sujete el CLR en las ubicaciones mostrados en el TDD. Arriostre de Estabilidad Permanentepaquetes del más Edificio de 60 delpies. Plano de Miembros Secundarios para RESTRAINT/BRACING FOR ALL PLANESCLR (green )OF TRUSSES  ¡PELIGRO!Out-of-Plumb Cualquier pieza de unTruss sistema Length de entramado apuntalado o forrado de forma PARA TRUSSES HASTA1. Top 2chord PIES plane EN CENTRO Y HASTA 80 PIES dE LONgITUd  Install the anddiagonal bracing bracing can at result approximately in a collapse 45° to ofthe the CLR and position so that it crosses the Puse paquetes diaphragm,de trusses or en una posición at spacing Tolerancias para Fuera-de-Plano. Desplazar Fuerzas de Viento Use y ¡AFuerzas pord VERTENCIA!lo Sísmicasmenos tres puntos Apilando de levantar paracantidades excesivas • addingde cargas structural desheathing construcción or bracingRESTRICCIÓN sobre trusses/ARRIOSTRE de piso PARA u techo TODOS es PLANOS una prác DE- TRUSSES 3/4" 12.5' 2. Bottom chord plane web in closestructure, proximity or to worse,the CLR. serious Attach the personal diagonal injury brace as close to the top and bottom estable. specified inadecuada que se utilice como punto de anclaje para cualquier tipo de sistema de protec- WARNINg! Spans over 60' require more complex temporary installation re- paquetes más de 60 pies. frames, or D/50 D (ft.) (19 mm) (3.8 m) 3. Web member plane chords as orpossible death. and to each web it crosses. Repeat every 20’ (6.1 m) or less.  The web member restraint or ticareinforcement peligrosa. specified Daño on a TDD a is la required propiedad, to resist buckling herida personal y/o muerte son posibles This si norestraint sigue & bracing esta methodadvertencia. is foron theall trusses except 3x2 and 4x2 parallel chord trusses (PCTs). ción personal para detención de caídas es peligroso y aumentará el riesgo de lesiones straint/bracing. Consult a registered design professional. Information for Framersunder vertical loads. Additional restraint and bracing is typically required to transfer lateral loads • some other equivalent means. 1/4" 1' 7/8" 14.6' Trusses requieren arriostre permanente Instale el arriostre diagonal a aproximadamente 45 grados al CLR y lo coloque para que cruce See top of next column for temporarytruss restraint design and bracing of PCTs. dentro de TODOS los siguientes planos: la cuerda muy¡ADVERTENCIA cerca del CLR. Sujete! El resultado el arriostre de diagonal un manejo, como cercano a las cuerdas inferior y due to wind and/or seismic forces. This restraint and bracing is typically provided by the building Provee restricción y arriostre por: drawing personales(6 mm) de (0.3gravedad m) (22o lamm) muerte.(4.5 m) ¡AdvERTENCIA! Los tramos más de 60 pies requieren restricción/arriostre HOISTING TrussesRECOMMENDATIONS that have been OF SINGLEover-stressed TRUSSES due BY to HAND excessive construction loading will usually show excessive sagging 1. Plano de la cuerda superior W superior comolevantamiento, sea posible y instalación,a cada cuerda restricción que lo cruza. y arrisotreRepita cada 20 pies o menos. designer. • usando filas de 4x2 CLR madera grad- Este método de restricción y arriostre es para todo trusses excepto trusses de cuerdas paralelas 1/2" 2' 1" 16.7' de instalación temporal más complejo. Consulte a un profesional registrado de diseño. 2. Plano de la cuerda inferior incorrecto~ puede ser la caída de la estructura o La restricción o refuerzoRECOMMENDACCIONES de miembros(deflection) secundarios especificadaand DEat least LEVANTAMIENTO en un TDDa portion es requerido of a DEresistirthis TRUSSES deflection uadaINDIVIDUALES por will esfuerza remain y arriostre even diagonal, after o the(PCTs) load 3x2 y 4x2.has Veabeen la parte removed. superior de In la columna more parasevere la restricción y arriostre temporal de PCTs. (13 mm) (0.6 m) (25 mm) (5.1 m) Información para Constructores • conectando el CLR al diafragma del  Refer to BCSI-B1* and dANgER! Disregarding 3. Plano handling, del miembro installing, secundario restraining and bracing safety aún peor, heridos o muertos. el torcer bajo cargasPOR verticales. LA RestricciónMANO y arriostre adicional es requerido típicamente para 3/4" 3' 1-1/8" 18.8' EXAMPLES OF DIAGONAL BRACING WITH CONTINUOUS cases, broken truss members and/or failed truss jointsecho, o may result. recommendations is the major cause of truss erection/installation accidents. pasar cargas laterales debidas a fuerzas de viento y/o fuerzas sísmicas. Esta restricción y arriostre 1) TOP CHORD — CUERDA SUPERIOR (19 mm) (0.9 m) (29 mm) (5.7 m) BCSI-B2* for recommen- CAUTION! Without permanent bracing the truss, or a portion of its members, will buckle (i.e., CAUTION!LATERAL Banding RESTRAINT and truss plates have es típicamente provisto por el diseñador del edificio.JOBSITE• añadiendo entablado estructural o armPACKAGE 1-1/4" 20.8' t 1" 4' fail) at loads far less than design. Continuous  TrussesLos trusses20' que han sidos demasiado Trusses estresados 30' debidozanes de arriostre, a cargas o de construcciónTruss excesivas Span usualmenteTop Chord Temporary demuestran Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) Spacing Tolerances for dations on proper bracing ¡PELIgRO! El no seguir las recomendaciones de manejo, instalación, restric- sharp edges. Wear gloves when handling Permanent continuous Truss Span Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) Spacing  (25 mm) (1.2 m) (32 mm) (6.3 m) lateral restraint (6.1 m) or (9.1 m) or • algunos otros métodos equivalentes. Longitud dede TramoTramo Espaciamiento Espaciamiento deldel Arriostre TemporalTemporal de de la la Cuerda Cuerda Superior Superior Out-of-Plumb. ción y arriostre ¡CAUTE es lal A!causa Sin el arriostreprincipal permanente, de los accidentes del truss, o un durante parte de losla miembros,erección/instalación torcerán (ej. fal -de and safety glasses when cutting banding. lateral restraint una desviación excesiva,Diagonal brace to y roof por diaphragm lo menos blocking una parte de este desviación se quedarán aún después de que la carga se haya 1-1/4" 5' 1-3/8" 22.9' of trusses. larán) de cargas muchas menos que las cargas que el truss es diseñado a llevar. less, support less, support at (35 mm) (7.0 m)  Refer to the TDD for the maximum assumed spacingUp for to attaching 30' the lateral restraint to the top Tolerancias para Checklist(32 mm) (1.5 for m) Handling and Installing Trusses trusses. ¡CAUTELA!Diagonal Chapas de metal tienen bordes afilados. atquitada. peak. En casos más severos, miembrosquarter points. quebrados del truss y/o junturas falladas pueden resultar. 10' (3 m) o.c. max. 1. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE TOP A ≈45˚ bracing Gable end chord of the supporting truss. (9.1 m) 1-1/2" 6' 1-1/2" 25.0' Lleve guantes y lentes protectores cuando corte las IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS ENCLOSED Fuera-de-Plomada. (38 mm) (1.8 m) (38 mm) (7.6 m) CHORD PlANE B3 BCSI-B3 SUMMARY SHEET - PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF CHORDS & WEB MEMBERS B3 FALL PROTECTION & TRUSSES frame Refiere al TDD para el espaciamiento máximo supuesto para sujetar la restricción lateral a la Consulte BCSI-B1* PurlinsDiagonalSpans over 60’ may require complex permanent bracing.≈45˚ Pleaseataduras. always consult a Registered Design Professional. Soporte Soporte de 30' (9.1 m) – Lista de Verificación Para Manejar e Instalar Los Trusses AlWAYS DIAGONAllY BRACE THE CONTINUOUS lATERAl RESTRAINT! Construction Loading Fall Protection & Trusses Lateral restraint is NOT adequate without diagonal bracing. WARNING! Disregarding permanent restraint/bracing is a major cause of truss field performance  The TDD provides information on the assumed support for the bottom chord. Gable End Frames and Sloped Bottom Chords ¡SIEMPRE ARRIOSTRE lA RESTRICCIóN lATERAl CONTINUA DIAGONAlMENTE! 8' (2.4 m) o.c. max. problems and has been known to lead to roof or floor systems collapse. El TDD provee información sobre el soporte supuesto para la cuerda inferior. Armazones Hastiales Y Cuerdas Inferiores Pendientes 1-3/4" 29.2' B. Individual Web Member Reinforcement 1-3/4" 7' ¡ADVERTENCIA! Descuidar el arriostre/restricción permanente es una causa principal de cuerda superior del truss soportante. Install bottom chord permanent lateral restraint at the spacing indicated on the TDD B. Refuerzo de Miembros Secundarios Individuales The gable end frame should always match the profile of the adjacent trusses to permit installation 1. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El   Cargas de Construcción Protección de Caída y Trusses problemas de rendimiento del truss en campo y había conocido a llevar al derrumbamiento del Roof and/or by the building designer with a maximum of 10’ (3 m) on-center. T-, L-, Scab, I-, U-Reinforcement, proprietary metal reinforcement and stacked web products provide an of proper bottom chord plane restraint & bracing unless special bracing is designed to support the B4 B11 sistema del techo o piso. alternative for resisting web buckling. end wall. del pico los los cuartos CAUTION! Spans over 60’ (18.3 m) may require complex permanent bracing. Please always bracing Instale restricción lateral permanente de la cuerda inferior al espaciamiento indicado T-, L-, costra, I-, U-Refuerzo, refuerzo de metal patentando y productos de miembros secundarios El armazón hastial siempre debe encajar el perfil de los trusses contiguous para permitir la insta- 45' (13.7 m) Cap consult a registered design professional. en el TDD y/o por el diseñador del edificio con un máximo de 10 pies en el centro. CONSTRUCTION LOADING y * sobre amontonados proveen una alternativa para resistir el torcer de los miembros secundarios. lación de restricción y arriostre apropiada de la cuerda inferior a menos que arriostre especial es BCSI-B1 SUMMARY SHEET - GUIDE FOR HANDLING, INSTALLING, RESTRAINING AND BRACING OF TRUSSES (2006(45 EDITION) mm) (8.9 m) BCSI-B2 ¡CAUTElA! Tramos sobre 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, Lateral restraint diseñado para soportar la pared de extremo. WARNING! (45 mm) (2.1 m) La Restricción Lateral NO es adecuada sin elThe Arriostre documents Diagonal. siempre consulte a un profesional registrado de diseño. diaphragm PlANO DE lA CUERDA SUPERIOR Bottom Construction loads are those loads imposed on the unfinished HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRUSS BUNDLES RESTRAINT & BRACING FOR 3x2 AND 4x2 PARALLEL CHORD TRUSSES RESTRAINT/BRACING MATERIAlS & FASTENERS Diagonal chord Regulations on fall protection and erection/installation of trusses in residential construction are contained in OSHA’s Fall Protection Standard, 29 GENERAL NOTES NOTAS GENERALES STEPS TO SETTING TRUSSES building as a result of the construction process. Typical construction RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR PAQUETES DE TRUSSES. LA RESTRICCIÓN Y EL ARRIOSTRE PARA TRUSSES DE CUERDAS PARALELAS 3X2 Y 4X2 MATERIAlES Y CIERRES DE RESTRICCIóN/ARRIOSTRE bracing plane CFR 1926 Subpart M(the Standard). Section 1926.501(b)(13) of the Standard states in part: “Each employee engaged in residential construction trusses de Trusses are not marked in any way to identify Los trusses no están marcados de ningún modo que LAS MEDIDAS DE LA INSTALLACIÓN DE LOS TRUSSES de tramo los Diagonal Bracing trusses Warning! Don’t overload the crane. Refer to BCSI-B7  Common restraint/bracing materials include wood structural panels, gypsum board sheathing, Bottom chords loads include the weight of the workers, equipment, and building The TDDTrusses provides up the to assumed30' thickness the frequency or location of temporary lateral identifique la frecuencia o localización de restricción lateral 1) Install ground bracing. 2) Set first truss and attach securely to ground bracing. 3) Set next 4 stress-graded lumber, proprietary metal products, and metal purlins and straps. activities 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, scaffolding, a safety net system or a personal fall arrest system.” Trusses up to 20'  restraint and diagonal bracing. Follow the y arriostre diagonal temporales. Use las recomendaciones ¡Advertencia! ¡No sobrecarga la grúa! Summary Sheet 10' or 15'* Repeat Diagonal Bracing ≈45˚  materials, to name a few. For example, a bundle of plywood CARGA DE CONSTRUCCIÓNrecommendations for handling, installing and de manejo, instalación, restricción y arriostre temporal de trusses with short member temporary lateral restraint (see below). 4) Install top chord diagonal - Temporary & Per- every 15 truss spaces (30') Materiales comunes de arriostrar/restringir incluyen paneles estructurales de madera, entablado 45' (13.7 m) – CoNSTRUCTIoN LoAdINg do'S ANd doN’TS Never use banding alone to lift a bundle. 2" ≥33.3' temporary restraining and bracing of trusses. los trusses. Vea el folleto BCSI Guía de Buena Práctica bracing (see below). 5) Install web member2" plane diagonal bracing to stabilize the first five trusses ≥8' Use plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), de yeso, madera graduada por esfuerza, productos de metal patentados, y vigas de soporte y sheathing or gypsum board stacked on trusses temporarily creates blocking Do not lift a group of individually banded bundles. manent Restraint/ doN’T exceed stack heights listed in the table. Refer to BCSI Guide to Good Practice for para el Manejo, Instalación, Restricción y Arriostre de los (see below). 6) Install bottom chord temporary lateral restraint and diagonal bracing (see below). tiras de metal. Example of raked gable end wall Las regulaciones sobre protección contra caídas y levantamiento/instalación de entramados en construcción residencial vienen contenidos Bracing for Parallel recomendaciones del Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses de Madera Conectados con Placas de Metal para Nunca use sólo los empaques para levantar un paquete. 7) Repeat process on groups of four trusses until all trusses are set. Truss Member, typ. (with scissors gable end frame) construction loads. 6' (1.8 m) o.c. max. Chord Trusses for en la Regulación de Protección contra Caídas de OSHA, 29 CFR 1926 Subparte M (el Estándar). La sección 1926.501(b)(13) de la regulación No levante un grupo de empaques individuales. MINIMUM ATTACHMENT REQUIREMENTS FOR LUMBER RESTRAINT/BRACING1,2 LateralHANDLING restraint 2x4x12' The following table may be used unless more specific information is provided. — MANEjO Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses for more información más detallada. 1) Instale los arriostres de tierra. 2) Instale el primero truss y ate seguramente al arriostre de more information. ≤10'  20 pies o ≤20' Cargas de construcción son las cargas que están impuestas a los trusses de 30 detailed information. of the restraint and minimum connection A single lift point may be used for bundles  CAUTION! Using a flat bottom chord gable end frame with adjacent trusses that have sloped Always diagonally brace for safety! ≤10' or greater lapped over La siguiente tabla puede ser usada a menos que información más específica está provista. establece en parte: “Cada empleado que participe en actividades de construcción residencial a 6 pies o más por encima de niveles inferiores Los dibujos de diseño de los trusses pueden especificar las tierra. 3) Instale los próximos cuatro trusses con restricción lateral temporal de miembro corto Lumber Size Minimum Nail Size Minimum Number of (3 m) (9.1 m) Vea el resumen (6.1 m)  Nails per Connection (3 m) ≤10' two trusses bottom chords is prohibited by some building codes as adequate bracing of this condition is dif- Truss Design Drawings may specify locations of localizaciones de restricción lateral permanente o refuerzo with trusses up to 45’. (vea abajo). 4) Instale el arriostre diagonal de la cuerda superior (vea abajo). 5) Instale arriostre Apply Diagonal Brace to (51 mm) (10.1 m) edificios incompletos como resultado del proceso de construcción. (6.1 m)  deberán estar protegidos por sistemas de rampas de protección, andamiaje, un sistema de red de seguridad o un sistema de protección (51 mm) (≥2.4BCSI-B7 – Restricm)- ficult and sometimes impossible. Special end wall bracing design considerations are required by permanent lateral restraint or reinforcement for en los miembros individuales del truss. Vea la hoja Two lift points may be used for bundles with vertical webs at end of provided in the (3 m) ≤10' WEB REINFORCEMENT FOR SINGlE PlY TRUSSES1 diagonal para los planos de los miembros secundarios para estable los primeros cinco trusses ción y Arriostre or wood or metal structural purlins that are Note: Some chord and web members Cargas de construcción típicas incluyen el peso de los trabajadores, 60' (18.3 m) individual truss members. Refer to the BCSI-B3 resumen BCSI-B3 – Restricción/Arriostre Permanente de trusses up to 60’. cantilever and at bearing All Lateral Restraints 2x4 stress-graded 10d (0.128x3”) (3 m) the building designer if the gable end frame profile does not match the adjacent trusses. personal para≤20' detención de caídas.” Warning! Do not over load supporting (vea abajo). 6) Instale la restricción lateral temporal y arriostre diagonal para la cuerda inferior Temporal y 12d (0.128x3.25”) 2 not shown for clarity. Summary Sheet – Permanent Restraint/Bracing Cuerdas y Miembros Secundarios para más información. Use at least 3 lift points for bundles with structure with truss bundle. locations. lapped at least two trusses. ¡CAUTElA! El uso de un armazón hastial de la cuerda inferior con trusses contiguos cuales el equipo y los materiales de construcción, etcétera. Por ejemplo, (vea abajo). 7) Repita éste procedimiento en grupos de cuatro trusses hasta que todos los trusses Permanente de 16d (0.131x3.5”) Truss Installationof Chords & &Temporary Web Members for more information. Restraint/Bracing El resto de los diseños de arriostres permanentes son la trusses greater than 60’. tienen cuerdas inferiores pendientes es prohibido por algunos códigos de edificios porque ar- DO NOT proceed with construction until all¡Advertencia! lateral No sobrecargue la estructura estén instalados. Trusses de Cuerdas Lateral restraint and diagonal bracing used to brace the bottom chord plane. un paquete de entablado contrachapado o tabla de yeso apilados All other permanent bracing design is the responsabilidad del Diseñador del Edificio. *Top chord Temporary Lateral Restraint spacing shall be riostre adecuado de esta condición es difícil y a veces imposible. Consideraciones especiales de SBCA has created an alternate fall protection plan template, complete with links throughout the document to the applicable requirements between the cap and the sup- apoyada con el paquete de trusses. 2x6 stress-graded 10d (0.128x3”) menos. Puede usar un solo lugar de levantar para Paralelas para más 10' o.c. max. for 3x2 chords and 15' o.c. for 4x2 chords. pies o menos. responsibility of the Building Designer. Refer to BCSI-B2 Summary Sheet – Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing for more apuntalamiento correcto 12d (0.128x3.25”) 3 diseño para el arriostre de la pared de extremo son requeridos por el diseñador del edificio si el temporalmente sobre los trusses crean cargas de construcción. Trusses hasta 30 pies paquetes de trusses hasta 45 pies. información. 3. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE WEB MEMBER PlANE steps to follow in its online step-by-step approach to erecting an initial truss system under OSHA’s fall protection requirements. QUE HACER Y No HACER CoN LAS CARgAS information. Horizontal Place truss bundles in stable position. 16d (0.131x3.5”) perfil del armazón hastial no hace juego con los trusses contiguos. Trusses hasta 20 pies B2 Instalación de Trusses & Restricción/Arriostre Temporal No exceda la altura de montón indicada en la tabla Puede usar dos puntos de levantar para 3. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El PlANO DEl MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO *** (6.1 m) The consequences of improper handling, erect-  ¡Siempre arriostre diagonalmente para seguridad! Visit www.sbcindustry.com/fp Puse paquetes de trusses en una posición Vea el resúmen BCSI-B2 - Instalación de Trusses y Arriostre Temporal para mayor properly braced. 1 Make sure that the truss assembly is properly restrained and braced according to the guidelines in BCSI-B1 and paquetes más de 60 pies. Other attachment requirements may be specified by the truss designer or building designer. Web member permanent bracing collects and transfers buckling restraint forces and/or lateral PERMANENT BRACING FOR SPECIAl CONDITIONS  PLEASE REVIEW ing, installing, restraining and bracing can result información. 2 CAUTION! Use estable. Avoid lateral bending. *** Utilice INSTALLING — INSTALACION Out of Plane The grade/size and attachment for bracing materials such as wood structural panels, gypsum board sheathing, loads from wind and seismic forces. The same bracing can often be used for both functions. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA CONDICIONES ESPECIAlES BCSI-B2 before placing any construction loads on them. Construction loads shall only be placed on fully restrained CLR required only in a collapse of the structure, or worse, serious Use por lo menos tres puntos de levantar para proprietary metal restraint/bracing products, and metal purlins and straps are provided by the building designer. ¡CAUTELA! 60' (18.3 m) – paquetes más de 60 pies. RESTRAINT/BRACING FOR ALL PLANES OF TRUSSES Arriostre permanente de los miembros secundarios recogen y pasan fuerzas de restricción de Sway Bracing—Arriostre de “Sway” Note: Top chord personal injury or death. Tolerances for Out-of-Plane. restraint and bracing is securely and properly in place. Out of Plumb Max. Truss torcer y/o cargas laterales de viento y fuerzas sísmicas. A menudo el mismo arriostre puede ser and braced structures. porting truss or restraint. EL RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE EN TODOS PLANOS DE TRUSSES. FOR TRUSSES UP TO 2'-0" ON-CENTER AND 80'-0" IN LENGTH  Tolerancias para Fuera-de-Plano. Bow Length  “Sway” bracing is installed at the discretion of TRuSS SySTEmS – SISTEMAS DE ENTRAMADO El resultado de un manejo, levantamiento, INSTALLATION OF SINGLE TRUSSES BY HAND Checklist for Handling and Installing Trusses PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE VARIOUS PlANES OF A TRUSS usado para ambos funciones. *** This restraint & bracing method is for all trusses except 3x2 and 4x2 parallel chord trusses. D/50 D (ft.) Top the building designer to help stabilize the truss system Asegúrese que el montaje del truss está adecuadamente restringido y arriostrado según las pautas en BCSI-B1 y L- reinforcement 4' (1.2 m) o.c. max. PARA TRUSSES HASTA 2 PIES EN CENTRinstalación,O YrestricciónHASTA y arrisotre80 PIES incorrecto DE LO puedeNGITU D JobsiTe Package INSTALACIÓN POR LA MANO DE TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES  3/4" 12.5' ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA Use contrachapado, panel de fibras orientadas chord Individual Web Member Permanent Restraint & Bracing and minimize the lateral movement due to wind and *** ser la caída de la estructura o aún peor, heridos o Este método de restricción y arriostre es para todo trusses excepto trusses de cuerdas paralelas Lista Para ManejarMaximum e Instalar1/4" 1Los' Trusses Stack Height VARIOS PlANOS DE UN TRUSS BCSI-B1 SUMMARY SHEET - GUIDE FOR HANDLING, INSTALLING, RESTRAINING AND BRACING OF TRUSSES BCSI-B2 antes de colocar alguna carga de construcción en la estructura. Solamente coloquen cargas de construcción DANGER Any part of an inadequately braced or sheathed truss system used as an anchor- Spans over 60' require more complex Temporary Installation Restraint Bracing. Restricción y Arriostre Permanente de Miembros Secundarios Individuales muertos. plane seismic loads. Trusses 20' Trusses 30' or 3x2 y 4x2. 7/8" 14.6' de los entramados. special care in sheathing not shown 1/2" 2' Arriostre de “sway” está instalado por la discreción del cuidado especial en if bracing frame or Consult a Professional Engineer. Evite la flexión lateral. BCSI-B1 SUMMARY SHEET - GUIDE FOR HANDLING, INSTALLING, RESTRAINING AND BRACING OF TRUSSES (2006 EDITION) Permanent bracing is important because it, Web Check the TDD to determine which web members (if any) require restraintSpans to resist over buckling. 60’ mayPERMANENT require LATERAL RESTRAINT complex AND DIAGONAL permanent bracing. Please always consult a Registered Design Professional. age point for any type of personal fall arrest system is dangerous and will increase the risk  or less, sup-  less, support at 1) TOP CHORD — CUERDA SUPERIOR WARNING!   PLB 20080324 WEB REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED arriba de estructuras cuales son restringidos yNote: arriostrados completamente. Some chord and web members STEPS TO SETTING TRUSSES B1 B1 GENERAL NOTES NOTAS GENERALES 1" 16.7' LAS MEDIDAS DE LA INSTALLACIÓN DE LOS TRUSSES

WEBREINF 20060409 WEBREINF que sigue. SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION diseñador del ddificio para ayudar en estabilizar el sistema a) prevents out-of-plane buckling of truss member ~ Revisa el TDD para determinar cuales miembros secundarios (si algunos) requieren restricción BRACING REQUIRED port at peak. quarter points.  3/4" 3' SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR LATERAL RESTRAINT; CONSULT BUILDING DESIGNER Vanos más de 60 pies requieren Instalación Temporal de Restricción/ www.tpinst.org Truss Span Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) Spacing www.tpinst.org El TDD provee el grosor supuesto de la re- 80' (24.4 m)*  plane of serious injury or death. members, para resistir el torcer. AND/OR BCSI-B3 FOR DIAGONAL BRACING de trusses y para minimizar el movimiento lateral debido a RESTRAINT & BRACING FOR 3x2 AND 4x2 PARALLEL CHORD TRUSSES Banding and truss plates have sharp edges. Wear 1-1/8" 18.8' GENERAL NOTES NOTAS GENERALES HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRUSS BUNDLES WARNINg! Stacking excessive amounts of construction materials on floor or roof trusses is an unsafe practice. Prop- Arriostre más complejo. Consulte un Ingeniero Profesional. Levante Levante de Longitud de Tramo Espaciamiento del Arriostre Temporal de la Cuerda SuperiorTruss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing 1" 4' One restraint required LATERAL STEPS TO SETTINGcargas TRUSSES de viento y cargas sísmicas. dE CoNSTRUCCIÓN B2 Instalación de Trusses & Restricción/Arriostre Temporal  b) helps maintain proper truss spacing, and Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing gloves when handling and safety glasses when INSTALLING — INSTALACION Group of 3 RESTRAINTTrusses RESTRICCIÓN Y ARRIOSTRE PARA TRUSSES DE CUERDAS PARALELAS 3X2 Y 4X2 FOR TRUSSES UP TO 2'-0" ON-CENTER AND 80'-0" IN LENGTH  on each of these webs. INSTALLATION OF SINGLE TRUSSES BY HAND Trusses are not marked in any way to identify the Los trusses no están marcados de ningún modo que del pico los los cuartos PARA TRUSSES HASTA 2 PIES EN CENTRO Y HASTA 80 PIES DE LONGITUD Restrain and brace with, Up to 30' 10' o.c. max. INSTALACIÓN POR LA MANO DE TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES  1-1/4" 20.8'  T, L OR SCAB Spans over 60' require more complex Temporary Installation Restraint Bracing. c) resists and transfers lateral loads from RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR PAQUETES DE TRUSSES erty damage, personal injury and/or death are possible if this warning is not heeded. Disregarding handling, installing, restraining cuttingand bracing banding. safety Consult a Professional Engineer.   Una restricción es LAS MEDIDAS DE LA INSTALACIÓN DE LOS TRUSSES Vanos más de 60 pies requieren Instalación Temporal de Restricción/ for1-1/4" Material5' on Trusses frequency or location of temporary lateral restraint identifique la frecuencia o localización de restricción lateral DIAGONAL  Sway bracing installed continuously across the building also Diagonal bracing trusses de de tramo los Arriostre más complejo. Consulte un Ingeniero Profesional. (OSB), o vigas de soporte de madera o metal REINFORCEMENT 10' (3 m) or ¡PELIGRO! Cualquier pieza de un sistema de entramado apuntalado o forrado de forma Disregarding handling, installing, restraining and bracing safety A. Continuous lateral restraint & diagonal bracing, or Repeat diagonal bracing Hasta 30 pies 10 pies máximo ecommendations is the major cause of truss erection/installation accidents. Construction Loading wind and seismic forces. BRACING for clarity. El no seguir las recomendaciones de manejo, instalación, restricciónBCSI-B3 SUMMARY SHEET - PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF CHORDS 7 WEB MEMBERS (2007 EDITION) requerida en cada y arriostre es la causa principal de los accidentes durante la Carga de Construcción Refer NO proceda con la construcción hasta que todas las restric- HOISTING OF SINGLE TRUSSES — LEVANTAMIENTO DE TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES B4 1-3/8" 22.9' HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SINGLE TRUSSES erección/instalación de trusses. R T, L o REFUERZO serves to distribute gravity loads between trusses of varying 15' (4.6 m)* and diagonal bracing. Follow the recommendations y arriostre diagonal temporales. Use las recomendaciones ecommendations is the major cause of truss Empaques erection/installation y placas de metal accidents. tienen bordes DON’T overload the crane. every 15 truss spaces 30' 20 pies o trusses de 30 HANDLING — MANEJO  Trusses up to 30' Lateral Restraint is not adequate without Diagonal Bracing. B. Individual member web reinforcement. CONSTRUCTION LOADING — CARGA DE CONSTRUCCION

PLATE HERE ¡AdVERTENCIA! Apilando cantidades excesivas de cargas de construcción sobre trusses de piso u techo es una prác- El arriostre permanente es importante PLATE HERE DE SCABS 1) Install ground bracing. 2) Set first truss and attach securely to ground bracing.3) Set next 4 Tolerances for 1-1/2" 6'  Instalación de Trusses & Restricción/Arriostreinadecuada Temporal que se utilice como punto de anclaje para cualquier tipo de sistema de protec- 30' to 45' 8' o.c. max.  building as a result of the construction process. Typical VEA EL DIBUJO DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA RESTRICCIÓN LATERAL; CONSULTE AL DISEÑADOR structural sheathing for handling, installing and temporary restraining de manejo, instalación, restricción y arriostre temporal de to BCSI-B7*** for (9.1 m)  construction loads include the weight of the workers, stiffness. MAXIMUM SPACING FOR TOP CHORD TEMPORARY LATERAL RESTRAINT (TCTLR) not shown for clarity. afilados. Use guantes y lentes protectores cuando menos. pies o menos. equipment, and building materials, to name a few. For secundarios. Trusses hasta 30 pies ESPACIAMIENTO MÁXIMO PARA ARRIOSTRE LATERAL TEMPORAL DE LA CUERDA SUPERIOR (TCTLR) DE EDIFICIO Y/O BCSI-B3 PARA ARRIOSTRE DIAGONAL windy weather or example, a bundle of plywood sheathing or gypsum board Restrinja y arriostre con, días ventosos o cerca Trusses hasta 20 pies * stacked on trusses temporarily creates construction loads. NO sobrecargue la grúa. trusses with – Representing the StructuralBuilding Plate InstituteWTCA ComponentsTruss Industry & short member temporary lateral restraint (see below). 4) Install top chord diagonal Out-of-Plumb. 1-1/2" 25.0' porque, Spreader bar WTCA – Representing the Structural Building WTCA Plate InstituteComponents IndustryTruss &  B2 El no seguir las recomendaciones de manejo, instalación, restricción 30 a 45 pies 8 pies máximo Cargas de construcción son las cargas que están impuestas more information. for truss and bracing of trusses. Refer to BCSI – Guide to los trusses. Vea el folleto BCSI – Guía de Buena Práctica BCSI-B3 SUMMARY SHEET - PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF CHORDS 7 WEB MEMBERS (2007 EDITION) a los edificios incompletos como resultado del proceso de VEA DIBUJO DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA INFORMACIÓN ESPECÍFICA Arriostre de “sway” que es instalada continuadamente al través del edificio también es usado corte los empaques. tica peligrosa. Daño a la propiedad, herida personal y/o muerte son posibles si no sigue esta advertencia. ción personal para detención de caídas es peligroso y aumentará el riesgo de lesiones construcción. Cargas de construcción típicas incluyen el peso 1-3/4" 7' A. Restricción lateral continua y arriostre diagonal, o  RESTRICCIÓN LATERAL PERMANENTE Y ARRIOSTRE de los trabajadores, equipo y materiales de construcción, bracing (see below). 5) Install web member plane diagonal bracing to stabilize the first five stricción y los requisitos de conexión mínimos etcétera. Por ejemplo, un bulto de entablado de contrachapado a) impide el torcer fuera-de-plano de los Good Practice for Handling, Installing, Restraining para el Manejo, Instalación, Restricción y Arriostre de los  o tabla de yeso apilados sobre los trusses temporalmente crean NEVER use banding to lift a bundle. para distribuir las cargas de gravedad entre trusses de rigidez variando. y arriostre es la causa principal de los accidentes durante la 45' to 60' 6' o.c. max. JOBSITETolerancias PACKAGEcargas de construcción. para REFUERZO DE MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com 1-3/4" 29.2' Make sure that the truss assembly is properly restrained and braced according to the guidelines in BCSI-B1 and B. Refuerzo de miembros secundarios individuales. DIAGONAL ES REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com Vea el resumen HOISTING OF SINGLE TRUSSES — LEVANTAMIENTO DE TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES  trusses (see below). 6) Install bottom chord temporary lateral restraint and diagonal bracing (see Diagonal BCSI-B2 before placing any construction loads on them. Construction loads shall only be placed on fully restrained miembros del truss, LATERAL RESTRAINT and braced structures. & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses de Madera Conectados con Placas de Metal*** IMPORTANT DOCUMENTS& DIAGONAL BRACING ENCLOSED  2" ≥8' personales de gravedad o la muerte. CHECk THESE ITEMS BEFORE STARTING ERECTION/INSTALLATION AND CORRECT AS NEEDED Asegúrese que el montaje del truss está adecuadamente restringido y arriostrado según las guías en BCSI-B1 y Fuera-de-Plomada.ARE VERY IMPORTANT 45 a 60 pies 6 pies máximo ALTERATIONS — ALTERACIONES BCSI-B2 antes de colocar alguna carga de construcción en la estructura. Solamente coloquen cargas de construcción REVISE ESTOS PUNTOS ANTES DE EMPEZAR LA ERECCIÓN/INSTALACIÓN Y CORRIJA COMO ES NECESSARIO BCSI-B7*** para Trusses that have been over-stressed due to excessive construction loading will usually show excessive sagging ¡LA RESTRICCIÓNarriba de estructuras cuales son completamente restringidos y arriostrados. will help you erección/instalación de trusses.   PLEASE REVIEWLATERAL Y EL below). 7) Repeat process on groups of four trusses until all trusses are set. Bracing compression forces developed under the specified design load conditions, A. Continuous Lateral Restraint & Diagonal Bracing, or Individual Web Reinforcement Applied at the Truss Plant b) ayuda en mantener espaciamiento Bottom NUNCA use las ataduras para levantar un Permanent Restraint/Bracing for the Top Chord in a Piggyback Assembly  Warning! Stacking excessive amounts of construction materials on floor or roof trusses is an unsafe practice. Property Lateral Restraint   ARRIOSTRE Trusses*** for more detailed information. para información más detallada. Hold each truss in position with the erection equipment until top chord temporary lateral restraint damage, personal injury and/or death are possible if this warning is not heeded. 2" ≥33.3' A. Continuous lateral Restraint (ClR) DIAGONAL TEMPORARY RESTRAINT & BRACING  # "-*@ -&3)1.3,@ 8947.3,@ .389&11.3,@ &3)@ '7&(.3,@SON MUY 4+@ 897:(9:7&1@ ':.1).3,@¡Advertencia! (42543*398@ Apilando 7*6:.7*8@ cantidades 85*(.&1.?*)@ excesivas de cargas de construcción sobre trusses de piso u techo es una práctica RESTRICCIÓN97&.3.3,@(1*&71>@.251*2*39*)@574(*):7*8@&3)@(&7*+:1@51&33.3,@&3)@(422:3.(&9.43@&243,@9-*@(4397&(947@[email protected]&11&9.43@(7*<8 Y ARRIOSTRE TEMPORAL peligrosa. Daño a la propiedad, herida personal y/o muerte son posibles si no sigue esta advertencia. * WARNING! The proper installation of wood trusses is extremely critical to the lifetime performance of the Building. b) Maintaining the proper truss spacing and B. Individual Web Reinforcement. 60' to 80'* 4' o.c. max.  IMPORTANTES! más información.  Proprietary metal reinforcement products and Stacked Web &3)@&3>@(7&3*@45*7&9478@&3)1.3,@&3)@.389&11.3,@(42543*398@<.9-4:9@&557457.&9*@97&.3.3,@51&33.3,@&3)@(422:3.(&9.43@2&>Reinforcement, as shown below, are installed by the Truss chord Consult a Registered Design Professional for trusses longer than 60' (18.3 m). Trusses that have been over-stressed due to excessive construction loading will usually show excessive sagging (deflec- paquete. Restricción/Arriostre Permanente para la Cuerda Superior en un Ensamblaje de que son arriostrados apropiadamente. apropiado de los trusses, y 7*8:[email protected]@5745*79>@)&2&,*@&3)47@8*7.4:8@'4).1>@.3/:7> HANDLING — MANEJO is installed and the truss is fastened to the bearing points.  tion) and at least a portion of this deflection will remain even after the load has been removed. In more severe cases, & Diagonal Bracing 7.47@94@(42543*[email protected]&11&9.43@9-*@)4(:2*398@8-4:1)@'*@*=&2.3*)@&3)@).88*2.3&9*)@94@&11@&557457.&9*@5*78433*1@.3@&)).9.43@94 MAxIMUM SPACINg FOR TOP CHORd TEMPORARY LATERAL RESTRAINT (TCTLR)  broken webs and/or chord members or web members that have pulled out of the plated joints may result. Some truss manufacturers mark the locations of the web lateral restraint or reinforcement 1) Instale on the los arriostres de tierra. 2) Instale el primero truss y ate seguramente al arriostre de (deflection) and at least a portion of this deflection will remain even after the load has been removed. In more severe Depending on the experience of the Contractor it is strongly recommended that a meeting be held with the Building   c) Resisting and transferring the lateral loads from wind and seismic forces applied to the truss system. 5745*7@97&.3.3,@&3)@&@(1*&7@:3)*789&3).3,@4+@9-*@.389&11&9.43@51&3@&3>@&551.(&'1*@+&11@5749*(9.43@7*6:.7*2*398@&3)@9-*@.39*3)*) Truss Design Drawings may specify locations of Los dibujos de diseño de los trusses pueden especificar Manufacturer at the truss plant and eliminate the need for additional jobsite reinforcementLos trusses que han sidos demasiado estresadosof debidothe a cargas webs. de construcción excesivas usualmente demuestran una A. Continuous Lateral Restraint & Diagonal Bracing '7&(.3,@7*6:.7*2*398@"7:88*8@4;*7@ @+**[email protected]@1*3,9-@&7*@;*7>@)&3,*74:8@[email protected]&11@ 1*&8*@.3;41;*@&@ *,.89*7*)@*8.,3@ 74+*88.43&1 plane  Refer to BCSI-B1* and Lateral Restraint is not adequate without Diagonal Bracing. 60 a 80 pies* 4 pies máximo  desviación excesiva, y por lo menos una parte de este desviación se quedarán aún después la carga haya quitado. En  +47@'49-@9*2547&7>@&3)@5*72&3*39@'7&(.3,@ c) resiste y pasa las cargas laterales de Piggyback casos más severos, miembros secundarios quebrados y/o miembros de cuerda o miembros secundarios que han jalados Structural ciones laterales y los Designerarriostres to ensure that all Permanent Building Stability Bracing is identified and will be properly installedestén and to review Arriostre Permanente aplicado a ángulos rectoscolocados a la profundidad de un truss hace varios funciones importantes incluyendo: en forma CONSTRUCTION=&2.3*@ 9-*@ 897:(9:7*@ .3(1:).3,@ 9-*@ +7&2.3,@ 8>89*2@ '*&7.3,@ 14(&9.438@ &3)@ 7*1&9*)@ .389&11@fuera de .389&11&9.43@ las junturas 14(&9.438@L chapadasOADING &3)@ pueden '*,.3@ resultar. — CARGA DE CONSTRUCCION A. Restricción lateral Continua (ClR) y Arriostre truss using tags similar to those above. tierra. 3) Instale los próximos 4 trusses con restricción lateral temporal de miembro corto (vea Avoid lateral bending. — Evite la flexión lateral. Continuous Lateral Restraint (CLR), consisting of 2x4 stress-graded dimension lumber attached at right angles to the web in  (42543*[email protected]&11&9.43@431>@&+9*7@&3>@:38&9.8+&(947>@(43).9.438@-&;*@'**3@(477*(9*)@4@349@(:9@24).+>@47@7*5&.7@(42543*398 Apply diagonal brace to vertical CONSTRUCTION LOADING DOS AND DON’TS DON’T exceed stack heights listed in the table. permanent lateral restraint or reinforcement for las localizaciones de restricción lateral permanente o is installed intermit- *5479@&3>@)&2&,*@'*+47*@.389&11&9.43 A single lift point may be used for bundles with Sostenga cada truss en posición con equipo de grúa hasta que la restricción lateral temporal de la  QUE HACER Y NO HACER CON LAS CARGAS "-*@*3(148*)@)4(:2*398@&7*@4++*7*)@[email protected]:2@,:.)*1.3*8@431>@49-.3,@(439&.3*)@[email protected]@/4'8.9*@5&(0&,*@8-4:1)@'*@(43897:*) NO exceda la altura de montón indicada en la tabla cases, broken truss members and/or failed truss joints may result. the provisions of: Specially designed .3@&3>@2&33*7@&8@*=5&3).3,@9-*@8(45*@4+@7*85438.'.1.9>@4+@[email protected],@&3>@&)).9.43&1@1.&'.1.9.*8@43@9-*@(42543*39@2&3:+&(9:7*7DE CONSTRUCCIÓN que sigue. viento y fuerzas sísmicas aplicadas al sheathing Repeat diagonal bracing FoR TRUSSES Up To 2'-0" oN-CENTER AND 80'-0" IN lENgTH Restricción Lateral no es adecuada sin Arriostre Diagonal. combination with Diagonal Bracing, is most*Consult commonly a used. Professional Engineer for trusses longer than 60'.  Web Member Plane Permanent Building Stability Bracing to Diagonal Algunos fabricantes de trusses marcan en el truss las ubicaciones de refuerzo o restricción lateral Provide restraint and bracing by: Do not proceed with constructionMaximum Stack Height for Material on Trusses until all lateral restraint and individual truss members. Refer to the BCSI- refuerzo en los miembros individuales del truss. Vea la abajo). 4) Instale el arriostre diagonal de la cuerda superior (vea abajo). 5) Instale arriostre webs at end of cantilever and at BCSI-B2* for recommen- a) Prevenir el torcer fuera-de-plano de ciertos miembros de truss debido a fuerzas de compresión desarrollados bajo las " 1@ 2&3*/4@ &12&(*3&2.*394@ .389&1&(.G3@ >@ 845479*@ )*@DON’T (42543*39*8@ stack materials *897:(9:7&1*8@ on unbraced )*@ (43A Maximua Altura de Montón par Material arriba de los Trusses Maximum Stack Height trusses up to 45’ (13.7 m). 897:((.G3@ 7*6:.*7*3@ (&5&(.9&(.G3@ *85*(.&1.?&)&@ 574(*).2.*3948@ (1&7&2*39&@ .251*2*39&)48@ >@ :3&@ 51&3.+.(&(.G3@ >@ (42:3.(&(.G3 near power lines trusses. Use special care in Utilice cuidado Construction Loading cuerda superior esté instalado y el truss está asegurado en los soportes. metal reinforcement Material – Material Height – Altura de cables eléctricos o (:.)&)48&@*397*@*1@(4397&9.89&@94)4@*1@5*7843&1@)*@.389&1&(.G3@>@94)48@148@45*7&)47*8@)*@,7H&8@&3*/&7@*@.389&1&7@(42543*39*8 RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES NO amontone materiales sobre Transfer Wind & Seismic Forces Gypsum Board – Tabla de yeso 12" – 12 pulgadas sistema del truss. (red) at 10' (3 m) intervals ¡ADVERTENCIA! La instalación apropiada de trusses de madera es extremamente importante al rendimiento con-  Webs may require one or more CLRs. * 8.3@ 1&@ (&5&(.9&(.G3@ 1&@ 51&3.+.(&(.G3@ >@ 1&@ (42:3.(&(.G3@ &)*(:&)&8@ 5:*)*@ 4(&8.43&7@ )&F48@trusses &@ 1&@ que 5745.*)&)@ no esten >4@ arriostrados. ,7&;*8@ 1*8.43*8@ on top chord de miembros secundarios con etiquetas similares a las arriba. • using rows of 4x2 stress-graded lumber entre la capa y el truss soportante o la restric- Always diagonally brace for safety! condiciones de la carga de diseño designados, Consulte a un ingeniero para trusses de mas de 60 pies. ¡ADVERTENCIA! HOJA RESUMEN DE LA(47547&1*8 GUÍAbracing DE BUENA PRÁCTICA PARAis EL MANEJO,securely INSTALACIÓN, RESTRICCIÓN andPlywood Y orARRIOSTREproperly OSB – Madera Contrachapada DE LOS u OSB TRUSSES16" – 16in pulgadas (2006 place. EDICIÓN) for Material on Trusses B3*** for more information. All other permanent hoja resumen BCSI-B3*** para más información. El diagonal para los planos de los miembros secundarios para estabilice los primeros cinco trusses Two lift points may be used for bundles with bearing locations. All lateral restraints windy weather or especial en días 39*8@ )*@ 1&@ .389&1&(.G3@ )*@ (42543*39*8@ 148@ )4(:2*3948@ &)/:3948@ )*'*3@ 8*7@ *=&2.3&)48@ >@ ).+:3).)48@ &@ 94)4@ *1@ 5*7843&1@ Asphalt Shingles – Teja de Asfalto 2 bundles – 2 bultos  &5745.&)4@&)*2C8@)*@1&@(&5&(.9&(.G3@5*79.3*39*@>@:3@(1&74@*39*3).2.*394@)*1@51&3@)*@.389&1&(.G3@)*@94)4@7*6:.8.94@&51.(&'1*@)*@ Concrete Block – Bloque de Hormingón 8" – 8 pulgadas tem, bearing locations and related installation conditions. Be- Material Height Los trusses que han sidos demasiado estresados debido a cargas de construcción excesivas usualmentepARA demuestranTRUSSES HASTA 2 pIES EN CENTRo Y HASTA 80 pIES DE loNgITUD tinuado del Edificio. Depende de la experiencia del Contratista es recomendado fuertemente que tener una reunión con  The TDD will specify the number and approximate location  5749*((.G3@(4397&@(&E)&8@>@)*@148@7*6:.8.948@)*@845479*@)*8*&)48@Permanent Building[email protected]&1&(.G3@)*@97:88*8@84'7*@ @5.*8@*8@2:>@5*1.,748&@ 47 Stability Bracing (PBSB) for wind, BCSI-B2 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B2 Clay Tile – Teja de Arcilla 3-4 tiles – 3-4 azulejos WARNING! Do not over load supporting along the run of trusses, or dations on proper bracing The handling, storing, installing, restraining and diagonal bracing of structural building com- b) Mantener el espaciamiento apropiado del truss y +&;47@:8&@:3@ 74+*8.43&1@ *,.897&)4@)*@.8*F4@5&7&@&2'48@&77.4897*8@5*72&3*39*8@>@9*2547&1*8 plane bracing design is the responsibility of the building resto de los diseños de arriostres permanentes son la (vea abajo). 6) Instale laCLR restricción and diagonal lateral bracing, temporal or y arriostre diagonal para la cuerda inferior lapped at least two trusses. One brace required on each =&2.3*@1&@*897:(9:7&@.3(1:8.;*@*[email protected]*2&@)*@*37*/&)4@1&@:'.(&(.G3@)*@148@&54>48@*@.389&1&(.43*8@(477*8543).*39*8@>@(42.*3(*@ Truss DON’T overload the trusses. Trusses require permanent bracing Attach the CLR at the locations shown on the TDD. trusses up to 60’ (18.3 m). ¡Siempre arriostre diagonalmente para seguridad! el Diseñador del Edificio para asegurar que todo el Arriostre Permanente denear Estabilidad power de Edificolines es identificadoventosos y será o cerca de of the CLRs. [email protected]&1&(.G3@)*@148@(42543*39*8@8G14@)*85:D8@)*@-&'*7@(477*,.)4@94)&@(43).([email protected]&9.8+&(947.&@4@(479*@24).+.6:*@3.@7*5&7* and/or other lateral loads acting perpendicular to the plane   c)Resistir y pasar las cargas laterales de viento y fuerzas sísmicas aplicados al sistema del truss. (42543*9*8@*@.3+472*@(:&16:.*7@)&F4@)*8(:'.*794@&39*8@)*@574(*)*7@&@[email protected]&1&(.G3No proceda conNO sobrecargue la los trusses. construcción hasta que todas las restric- Material Height Web Member Plane Permanent Building Stability Bracing to Transfer Wind & Seismic Forces of these webs. 48@ )4(:2*3948@ &)/:3948@ 8*@ 4+7*(*3@ 841&2*39&@ (424@ 5&:9&8@ 2E3.2&8@ &)&@ )*@ 14@ .3(1:.)4@ *3@ *89*@ 5&6:*9*@ 5&7&@ 1&@ 4'7&@ structure with truss bundle. as specified. See BCSI-B2 for TCTLR options. responsabilidad del diseñador del edificio. • connecting the CLR into the roof WARNINg! Spans over 60' require more complex temporary installation re- Warning! Using a single pick-point at the peak member )*'*@.39*757*9&78*@)*@2&3*7&@6:*@*=(*)&@*1@&1(&3(*@)*@1&@7*85438&'.1.)&)@)*1@+&'7.(&39*@)*@(42543*39*8@3.@*3@+472&@9&1@6:* designer. Maximum Stack Height for Material on Trusses .2543,&@7*85438&'.1.)&)*8@&).(.43&1*8@84'7*@D89* (vea abajo). 7) Repita éste procedimiento en grupos de cuatro trusses hasta que todos los of the trusses will always be needed in every Building. within ALL of the following planes: Sujete el CLR en las ubicaciones mostrados en el TDD. Use at least 3 lift points for bundles with trusses CLR (green) *Top chord temporary lateral restraint spacing shall be 10una' (3 m) desviación o.c. max. for 3x2 chords excesiva, y por lo menos una parte de este desviación se quedarán aún después de que la carga se haya of trusses. * instalado correctamente y para revisar los provistos de: and airports. cables eléctricos o de Un arriostre se necesita en Important Note: CLRs shall always beCarga diagonally braced. de Construcción ciones laterales y los arriostres estén colocados en forma Arriostre de Estabilidad Permanente del Edificio del Plano de Miembros Secundarios para  Vea el BCSI-B2 para las opciones de TCTLR. Structural can damage the truss. cada de estos miembros diaphragm, or Attach B4the Lateral Restraint at the locations shown on the  The Building Designer is responsible for the design of the greater than 60’ (18.3 m). trusses estén instalados. WARNING: MAXIMUM SPACING FOR TOP CHORD TEMP •O theRARY ConstructionL ATERADocuments (i.e.,L RESTRAINTarchitectural/structural plans (TCT and specifications),LR)  BCSI-B4 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B4 Gypsum Board 12" 1. Top chord plane ¡ADVERTENCIA! No sobrecargue la aeropuertos. WARNING! Without Permanent Bracing the entire truss, or a portion of its members, will buckle (i.e.,  Install the diagonal bracing at approximately 45° to the CLR and position so that it crosses the at spacing and 15' (4.6 m) o.c. for 4x2 chords. straint/bracing. Consult a registered design professional. Consulte a un Professional Registrado de Diseño para trusses más secundarios. apropiada y segura. Desplazar Fuerzas de Viento y Fuerzas Sísmicas PBSB. • adding structural sheathing or bracing quitada. En casos más severos, miembros quebrados del truss y/o junturas falladas pueden resultar. fail) at loads far less than the design loads that they were intended to carry. ReferTDD to togetherBCSI-B3 with Sum a Diagonal- Brace at an angle of approximately 45° to RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE DE LAS CUERDAS Y LOS MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS (2007 EDICIÓN) 2. Bottom chord plane web in close proximity to the CLR. Attach the diagonal brace as close to the top and bottom estructura apoyada con el paquete de specified • the Truss Submittal Package which includes: ¡Advertencia! El uso de un solo lugar para tently the lateral (see following Figures). Puede usar un solo lugar de levantar para Refer to BCSI-B2*** for more information. apropiada y segura.ESPACIAMIENTO MÁXIMO PARA ARRIOSTRE LATERAL TEMPORAL DE LA CUERDA SUPERIOR (TCTLR)  Metal plate connected Gable End Frames are often used Plywood or OSB 16" The web member restraint or reinforcementtrusses. specified on a TDD is required to resist buckling frames, or Los tramos más de 60 pies requieren restricción/arriostre de instalación temporal más • the Truss Design Drawings (TDD), ¡ADVERTENCIA! Sin Arriostre Permanente, todo el truss, o un parte/porción de los miembros, torcerán mary Sheet – Permanent Do not exceed maximum stack heights. Refer to BCSI-B4 3. Web member plane chords as possible and to each web it crosses. Repeat every 20’ (6.1 m) or less. paquetes de trusses hasta 45 pies. on the Out-of-Plane Consulte BCSI-B1* levantar en el pico puede hacer daño al truss.  Extend the Diagonal Bracing from the top chord to the directly above the end walls of a building to save the Contractor the Vea el resùmen BCSI-B2• some*** otherpara másequivalent información. means. INSTALLING — INSTALACIÓN Bottom chord (ej: fallar/quebrar) de cargas muchos menos de las cargas diseñados que intentaron a llevar. 0 0 00 WARNING! The consequences of improper under vertical loads. Additional restraint and bracing is typically required to transfer lateral loads and airports.complejo. Consulte a un profesional registrado de diseño. • the Truss Placement Diagram(s) (if/when requiredThe graphicby the Contract), at left shows the maximum on-center spacing (see at Restraint/Bracingbottom chord, attaching of Chords the bracing to each web that it crosses. time and expenseSummary of having Sheet to field - Construction frame the end wall Loading to match forthe more information. Trusses requieren arriostre permanente Instale el arriostre diagonal a aproximadamente 45 grados al CLR y lo coloque para que cruce truss design de aeropuertos. Asphalt Shingles 2 bundles ción. The Truss Design Drawing (TDD) provides Puede usar dos puntos de levantar para  Place truss bundles in stable position. Some truss designers provide general * Provee restricción y arriostre por: y BCSI-B2* sobre roof slope. dentro de TODOS los siguientes planos: handling, erecting, installing,la cuerda restraining muy cerca del CLR. Sujete el arriostre diagonal como cercano a las cuerdas inferior y due to wind and/or seismic forces. This restraint and bracing is typically providedRESTRAINT by the building/B RACING FOR ALL PLANES OF TRUSSES drawingTolerances for Out-of-Plane. Out-of-Plumb Max. Bow Truss Length  • this B-Series Summary Sheet and/or other BCSIleft) documents of TCTLR (whenSpreader provided),based onbar truss span from the table in1. StepPERMANENT 2 on page BRACING 2. FOR THE TOP CHORD PLANE & WebEXAMPLES Members OF DIAGONAL forConstruction Gable BRACING WITH CONTINUOUS loads LATERAL are RESTRAINT those loads imposed on the unfinished  paquetes más de 60 pies.  perform your job • usando filas de 4x2 CLR madera grad- DANgER! Disregarding handling, installing, restraining and bracing safety TCTLR shown in green Continuous Review all the information TheNo Gable excedaprovided End Frame las inmáximas must the be JOBSITEincorporated alturas intorecomendadas. PACKAGE the wall Vea el resúmenRevise Concrete todos Blocklos documentos 8" incluidos en el PAQUETE DE OBRA EL ESPACIAMIENTO MÁxIMO PARA LA RESTRICCIÓN LATERAL TEMPORALand bracing can dresult in a collapseE of the LA CUERdesigner. dA SUPERIOR (TCTLR)Tolerancias para Fuera-de-Plano. CoNSTRUCTIoN LoAdINg do'S ANd doN’TS 1. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA EL PLANO DE LA CUERDA SUPERIOR End Frame restraint/bracing/ Stacked Web Diagonal “X” bracing in the top chord plane 1. Plano de la cuerda superiorat Puse paquetes de trusses en una posición • any specific truss member permanent bracing plans that are provided for the roof or floor structural system, superior como sea posible y a cada cuerda que lo cruza. Repita cada 20 pies o menos. doN’T exceed stack heights listed in the table. RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE PARA TODOS PLANOS DE TRUSSES recomendaciones del TCTLR es mostrado Use por lo menos tres puntos de levantar para 3/4" 12.5' Diagonal Bracing • Ground bracingfor truss not shown for clarity. Permanent Bracing for the top chords of metal plate connected wood trusses is typically provided by attaching Structural buildingLateral Restraintas a result of the constructionReinforcement process. plated Typical design by BCSI-B4the Building CargaDesigner. de Gable Construcción End Frames rely para on properly mayor información. structure, or worse, serious personal~ injury La restricción o refuerzo de miembrosestable. secundarios especificada en un TDD es requerido a resistir uada por esfuerza y arriostre diagonal, o D/50 D (ft.) recommendations is the major cause of trusssheathing erection/installation accidents. • all special permanenten verde bracing. conditions like unsheathed top chords, long span scissors trusses, piggyback truss reinforcement information. to ensure compliance with industry recommendations. Property para asegurarse que están de acuerdo con las recomendaciones 2. Plano de la cuerda inferior paquetes más de 60 pies. (19 mm) (3.8 m) Sheathing, such as plywood or oriented strand board (OSB), or wood or metal structural purlins that are properly braced. to truss member designed and installed Structural Sheathing, bracing and Connec- Clay Tile 3-4 tiles high  This restraint & bracing• conectandomethod is for el allCLR trusses al diafragma except del3x2 and 4x2 parallel chord trusses (PCTs). QUE HACER Y No HACER CoN LAS CARgAS No exceda la altura de montón indicada en la tabla  apuntalamiento correcto shown in red HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SINGLE  or death. systems, all 60’ or greater clear span assembly• occupanciesApply Diagonal such as churches, Bracing gymnasiums, or Structural etc. Sheathing immediately. For de la industria. 3. Plano del miembro secundario el torcer bajo cargas verticales. Restricción y arriostre adicional es requerido típicamente para 7/8" 14.6' de 60 pies. Arriostre Diagonal es Arriostre Permanente para las cuerdas superiors de trusses de madera conectados por chapas de metal es típicamente Para información sobreconstruction Diagonal loads include the weight of the workers,damage, serioustions tobodily the bearing injury wall, andand/or roof and death ceiling plane are diaphragms possible to 1/4" 1' ponents requires specialized training, clearly implemented procedures, and careful planning and communication among the EXAMPLES OF DIAGONAL BRACING WITH CONTINUOUS See top of next column echo,for temporary o restraint and bracing of PCTs. El no seguir las recomendaciones de manejo, instalación, restricción y arriostre es la causa provisto por sujetarTRUSSES Entablado Estructural, como plywood o oriented strand borrad (OSB) o purlins estructurales de madera Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 20’ or as specified. ≈45˚ be able to adequately transfer wind and seismic loads acting parallel pasar cargas laterales debidas a fuerzas de viento y/o fuerzas sísmicas. Esta restricción y arriostre (6 mm) (0.3 m) (22 mm) (4.5 m) mostrado en rojo. • los Documentos de Construcción (ej: planos arquitectónicos/estructuralesspans over 60' applying y especificaciones), Structural Sheathing immediately is the Bracing Repeat diagonalwhen handling Truss and installing trussesGypsum without following the Board 12" (305 mm) de los entramados. Maximua Altura de Montón para Material encima de los Trusses Closer spacing may be required by the Buildingrestricción/arriostre/refuerzo ¡ADVERTENCIA! El resultado de un manejo,LATERAL RESTRAINT que sigue. doN’T stack materials on unbraced o metal cuales son arriostrados apropiadamente. equipment, and building materials, to name a few. For and perpendicular to their plane. El manejo y instalación de trusses sin revisar las recomenda- CAUTION! Without permanent bracing the truss, or a portion of its members, will buckle (i.e., • añadiendo entablado estructural o arm dE CoNSTRUCCIÓN HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONSes típicamente FORprovisto SINGLE por el diseñador TRUSSES del edificio. principal de los accidentes durante la erección/instalación de trusses. lateral restraint The• el contractorPaquete de Entrega is responsible de Truss que incluye:for properly Designer. ≈45˚ braces for each setmember of Este método de restricción y arriostre es para todo trusses excepto trusses de cuerdas paralelas 1/2" 2' 1" 16.7' RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR TRUSSES para armazón de hastial vea  W levantamiento, instalación, restricción y arrisotre preferred method. recommendationsGable presented End Frame in Permanent the JOBSITE Bracing PACKAGE. This is fail) at loads far less than design. Continuous zanes de arriostre, o design tables and details to assist the  Structural Sheathing panels must have the appropriate span rating and/or grade to support the design loads for the ciones presentadas en el PAQUETE DE OBRA puede ocasionar information on the assumed support for the top (25 mm) (5.1 m) Hold each truss in position with the erection equipment until top chord temporary lateral restraint Bracing frame receiving, o los Dibujos unloading de Diseño deland Truss storing (TDD), the trusses  If there are only two adjacent trusses in which example, a bundle of plywood sheathing or gypsum board (13 mm) (0.6 m) 4 trusses. incorrecto puede ser la caída de la estructura o Permanent continuous RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES (PCTs) 3x2 y 4x2. Vea la parte superior de la columna para la restricción y arriostre temporal de PCTs. INDIVIDUALES el resumen BCSI-B3 – Re-  Most manufactured Gable End Frames contain only flat ver- lateral restraint • algunos otros métodos equivalentes.  El dibujo a la izquierda muestra el espaciamiento máximoBuilding en at theel on-centercentro spacing of the trusses. The sheathing and attachment requirements (i.e., fastener size and the webs align, attach the single Diagonal Brace particularly true when working with trusses 60’ and greater in length. Maximum Stack Height for Material on Trusses ¡CAUTElA! Sin el arriostre permanente, del truss, o un parte de los miembros, torcerán (ej. fal- lateral restraint Diagonal 3/4" 3' 1-1/8" 18.8' Lateral restraint is NOT adequate without diagonal bracing. at theo el/los jobsite. Diagrama(s) de Colocación del Truss (si/cuando es requerido por el Contrato), stricción/Arriostre tical “studs”(as opposed to the typical triangulated web members) daños a la propiedad y/o graves lesions corporales. intervals specified by the building designer aún peor, heridos o muertos. Diagonal brace to roof diaphragm blocking Diagonal spacing) are provided on the Construction Documents prepared by the Building Designer and/or within the building Ground bracing not shown for clarity. Do not overload small groups or single trusses. to each web and the Lateral Restraint. Installing stacked on trusses temporarily creates constructionRepita los arrisotres loads. larán) de cargas muchas menos que las cargas que el truss es diseñado a llevar. 1) TOP CHORD — CUERDA SUPERIOR (19 mm) (0.9 m) (29 mm) (5.7 m) DO NOT exceed maximum • está Hoja de Resumen del Serie-B y/u otros documentos(vea * a de la BCSI stackizquierda) (cuando provistos), del TCTLR basado en los vanosheights. code.de trusses de la Refer to BCSI-B4*** and are designed to transfer only vertical roof loads (gravity and/or  Hold each truss in position with the erection equipment until top chord temporary lateral restraint Refer to the TDD for the maximum assumed spacing for attaching the lateral restraint to the top doN’T stack materials on unbraced Maximua Altura de Montón para Material encima de losLa Restricción Trusses Lateral NO es adecuada sin el Arriostre Diagonal. bracing El contratista tiene la responsabilidad de Use proper rig- Use equipo apropiado dimension lumber blocking, of the same depthPermanente as de Cuerdas y Diagonal  Lateral restraint  diagonales para cada uplift) directlyNo intosobrecargue a continuous bearingpequeños below. grupos o trusses individuales. CAUTION! Banding and truss plates have 1" 4' 1-1/4" 20.8' • algunos planos específicos de arriostre permanente de miembros de trussging cuales and sonhoisting provistos para el sistema Paneles de Entablado Estructural tienen que tener la clasificación de vano y/o grado para soportar las cargas de diseño the webs, directly behind the Lateral Restraint and attach the Di- 1. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE TOP ≈45˚ bracing is installed and the truss is fastened to the bearing points. Gable end Truss Span chordTop of Chord the supporting Temporary truss. Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) Spacing recibir, descargar y almacenar adecuadatabla- en el Paso 2 en la página 2. para levantar e TRUSSES UP TO 30' Miembros SecundariosCargas. de construcción son las cargas quegrupo están de 4 trusses.impuestas The graphic at left shows the maximum Truss Span Top Chord Temporary Lateralon-center Restraint (TCTLR) Spacing Tolerances for spacing(25 mm) (1.2 m) (32 mm) (6.3 m) (see at estructural de techo* o piso, para el edificio en el espaciamiento de centro de los trusses. Los requisitos de entablados y accesorios (ej: tamaño y  The Truss Designer must note on the TDD for the Gable sharp edges. Wear gloves when handling trusses.  Refer to BCSI-B1* for recommenda- 4 agonal Brace to the opposite side of the web. Attach the blocking Diagonal Brace Never stack materials near a peak.  Always diagonally brace for safety! mente los trusses 'en o la obra. equipment. improvisar. JOBSITETRUSSES HASTA 30 PIES PACKAGE CHORD PlANE frame Refiere al TDD para el espaciamiento máximo supuesto para sujetar la restricción lateral a la Material – Material≈45˚ Height – Altura .c. espacio de cierres) son provistos en los Documentos de Construcción preparados por el Diseñador del Edificio y/o dentro Property damage, seriousEnd Frame thebodily type and injurylocation of and/or Permanent Individualdeath Trussare possible Si los trusses son manejados, instalados y/o reforzados incorrecta- Longitud dede TramoTramo Espaciamiento Espaciamiento deldel Arriostre TemporalTemporal de de la la Cuerda Cuerda Superior Superior ma and safetyPurlins glasses when cutting≈45˚ banding. Sostenga cada truss en posición con equipo de grúa hasta que la restricción lateral temporal de la Out-of-Plumb. 1-1/4" 5' 1-3/8" 22.9' *1 *6 • todas condiciones especialesx de arriostre permanente como cuerdas superiores no entabladas, trusses tijeras de vanos to the Lateral Restraint, Diagonal Brace2) W andEB each M webEMBER (See Figure PLANE a los— P LANOedificiosDE LOS incompletos MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS como resultado del proceso de 0' * ' o.c . el código del edificio. Lateral Restraint Member Restraint requirements to resist the vertical loads assumedNunca in the amontone design of the material frame. Examples cerca include del pico.single 1. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El Roof cuerda superior del truss soportante. ¡Siempre arriostre diagonalmente para seguridad! tions on proper hoisting of trusses. o.c. ≈45° 8' o ma . largos, sistemas de trusses de “piggyback”, todas• No ocupaciones se muestra de asamblea el arriostrede vanos claros de de tierra60 pies opara más como claridad. below). cuerda superior esté instalado y el truss está asegurado en los soportes. Up to 30' Cap (32 mm) (1.5 m)No(35 amontone mm) (7.0 m) materiales sobre max .c. x u when trusses are improperly handled, installed, restrained and/or mente, pueden ser peligrosos y causar daños al inmueble y/o Tolerancias para * . Typical max . p to Attach construcción. Cargas de construcciónor double L, típicasT, U, Scab, horizontal incluyen L or any elother peso means of reinforcement deemed appropriate to restrain the out-of- 10' (3 m) o.c. max. building designer in determining the brac- T or structural iglesias, gimnasios, etc. chord. ¡CAUTELA! Chapas de metal tienen bordes afilados. diaphragm r . 8 Place loads over as many trusses as possible. PlANO DE lA CUERDA SUPERIOR Gypsum Board – Tabla de Yeso 12" – 12 pulgadas us u 0  Wood or metal purlins are most often used in applications where trusses are spaced greater than 4’ on center. trusses 1-1/2" 6' 1-1/2" 25.0' If diagonal bracing is used to restrain the s s p t ' • Aplique inmediatamente Arriostre Diagonal o Entablado Estructural 10' o.c. Blocking plane buckling of the “flat studs.” (9.1 m) The TDD provides the assumed thickness is installed and the truss is fastened to the bearing points. p A o braced. Installation of trusses can be dangerous, particularly long lesiones corporales. Cuando se manejen o se levanten los trusses,  an Refer to BCSI-B1* for recommenda- quickly, safely and Fuera-de-Plomada. 6 trusses que no esten arriostrados. contractor, crane operator and installation crew. Handling and installing components without appropriate training, planning and s u 0  Use plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), Lleve guantes y lentes protectores cuando corte las blocking p ' Purlins de madera o metal son más communes de usar en aplicaciones donde trusses están espaciados más de 4 pies en  brace (38 mm) (7.6 m) u WARNING! Disregarding Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint and Permanent Building Stability Bracing Diagonal Coloque las cargas sobre tantos trusses como sea posible. (38 mm) (1.8 m)  p to max. de los trabajadores, equipo y materiales de construcción,  Bracing may also be required to transfer lateral loads due  Using a single pick-point at the peak can damage the truss. of the restraint and minimum connection to 45 (structural sheathing). Para vanos más de 60 pies el método preferido ataduras. 30' (9.1 m) – trusses. 30' ' recommendations is a major cause of truss field performance problems and has been known to lead to roof or floor sys- el centro. span trusses. Use the following checklist when handling and erecting sugerimos lo siguiente: or wood or metal structural purlins that are Consulte BCSI-B1* sobre recomen- to wind and/or seismic forces from the Gable End Frame into the ≤20' 8' (2.4 m) o.c. max. 1-3/4" 7' 1-3/4" 29.2' Plywood or OSB – Madera Contrachapada u OSB 16" – 16 pulgadas IMPORTANT DOCUMENTSLATERAL RESTRAINT ENCLOSED Bracing requirements between the cap and the sup- MAxIMUM SpACINg FoR Top CHoRD TEMpoRARY lATERAl RESTRAINT (TCTlR) for more information. tems collapse. Failure to install the proper restraint and bracing will greatly increase the probability of truss performance Position loads over load bearing walls. properly braced. El uso(6.1 de m) un solo lugar en el pico para levantar puede Horizontal 45' (13.7 m) CONSTRUCTION LOADING (45 mm) (2.1 m) (45 mm) (8.9 m) es entablarlo inmediatamente. Purlins etcétera. Por ejemplo,Web Members un bulto de entablado de contrachapadoroof and/or ceiling diaphragm.Plywood or OSB 16" (406 mm) Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 20' trusses. Note: Top chord porting truss or restraint. CLR required only daciones para levantar correcto de los problems or an accident resulting in property damage, personal injury or death. TRUSSES UP TO 60'Note: The purlins must be properly fastened to the Top Permanent hacer daño al truss. L- reinforcement See BCSI-B2*** for TCTLR options. Continuous & orDIAGONAL as specified. Closer spacing may BRACING LoadColoque transfer throughlas cargas roof and ceilingsobre diaphragms las paredes soportantes. r Examine los trusses cuando se los entreguen y después de Use contrachapado, panel de fibras orientadas TRUSSES HASTA 60 PIES Note: Some chord and web members sheathing not shown 45' (13.7 m) – CARGAif bracing frame DE orCONSTRUCCIÓN 2" ≥8' 2" ≥33.3' Asphalt Shingles – Teja de Asfalto 2 bundlesEl ES –p 2ACIAMIENT paquetes o MÁxIMo pARA lA RESTRICCIÓN lATERAl TEMpoRAl DE lA CUERDA SUpERIoR (TCTlR) Chord of the Trusses following the specifications found Lateral Restraint be required by the Building Designer. o tabla de yeso apilados sobre los trusses temporalmente crean TCTLR shown in green. HANDLING — MANEjO El TDD provee el grosor 6supuesto' (1.8 m) deo.c. la max.re- CHECk THESE ITEMS BEFORE STARTING ERECTI¡ADVERTENCIA!ON/INSTA El no hacerLL casoATI de lasO recomendacionesN AND C delO RestricciónRRECT PermanenteAS NEE de MiembrosDED de Trusses Indi- Gable end Truss bracing not Group of 3 Trusses  in the Construction Documents. The purlins alone will (OSB), o vigas de soporte de madera o metal (51 mm) (≥2.4 m) (51 mm) (10.1 m) Material – Material Height – Altura r Inspect the trusses at the time of deliveryRoof diaphragm and after la instalación buscando: left) of TCTLR basednot shown for clarity. onfor clarity. truss span60' (18.3 m)from the tablestructural sheathing in Step 2 on page 2. entramados. viduales y Arriostre Permanente de Estabilidad de Edificio es una causa mayor de problemas de rendimiento de trusses ARE VERY IMPORTANT stricción y los requisitos de conexión mínimos DO NOT proceed with construction until all lateral not adequately brace or prevent buckling of the top cargas Some de Truss construcción. Manufacturers will mark web frame shown for clarity. The graphic at left shows the maximum on-center spacing (see at Gable end/wall permanent diagonal ALTERATIONS — ALTERACIONES que son arriostrados apropiadamente. Avoid lateral bending. CAUTION! Use ¡CAUTELA! Utilice is installed intermit- Concrete Block – Bloque de Hormingón 8" – 8 pulgadas * ing required to transfer lateral loads due to sheathing REVISE ESTOS PUNTOS ANTES DE EMPEZAR enL campoA ERECCIÓN/INSTA y ha sido conocido a llevar al derrumbarseLACIÓN de los sistemasY CO deRRIJA techo o piso. C LaO instalaciónMO ES de NECESSARIrestricción y O installation for: El Dibujo del Diseño de Truss (TDD) provee información chord and must themselves be braced. member permanent restraint locations on 60' (18.3 m) – Information for Framers entre la capa y el truss soportante4' (1.2 m) o.c.o la max.restric- restraint and bracing is securely and properly in place. Maximum Stack Height TCTLR shown in green. arriostre inapropiados aumentará muchísimo la posibilidad de problemas de rendimiento del truss o un accidente que (1) Conformidad con los dibujos del diseño de trusses left) of TCTLR based on truss span from the table in Step 2 on page 2. CLR(s), repeat at 10’ (3 m) intervals, or as ¡LA RESTRICCIÓN Structural Refer to BCSI-B5 Summary Sheet - Truss Damage, Jobsite Modifications & Installation Errors. Evite la flexión lateral. special care in cuidado especial en tently Nota: Los purlins tienen que ser sujetados PLEASE REVIEWthe truss itself. One supplemental marking T-Reinforcement *** The Truss Design Drawing (TDD) provides Some truss designers provide general Bottom chord 80' (24.4 m)* ción. resulta en daño a la propiedad, herida personal o la muerte.  Diagonal “X” bracingR in the top chord plane at sheathing  NO proceda con la construcción hasta que todas las restric- for Material on Trusses TCTLR es mostrado  Building dimensions match the Construction Documents. Trusses are the correct dimension. exampleMake is the sure truss tag that shown below.the truss assembly is properly(1) Conformancerestrained and with braced the Truss according Design Drawings to the guidelines in BCSI-B1 and  apropiadamente a la Cuerda Superior de los Trusses  (2) Placas de conexión fuera de lugar o perdidas windy weather or días ventosos o cerca lateral restraint Clay Tile – Teja de Arcilla 3-4Diagonal tiles bracing – 3-4 azulejos en verde. • Ground bracing not shown for clarity. LATERAL Y EL Vea el resúmen BCSI-B5 Daños de trusses, Modificaciones en la Obra y Errores de Instalación. information on the assumed support for the top intervals specified by the building designer Diagonal design tables and details to assist the *Consult a Registered Design Professional for trusses longer than 60' (18.3 m). Bracing frame Dimensiones del edificio concuerdan con Planos BRACINGdeIf trussesConstrucción. MATERIA are to LbeS &stored FASTENERS horizontally,Dimensión place de los trusses es correcta. siguiendo las especificaciones encontradosT RUSSESen los UP TO AND OVER 60' *** Vertical member of near power lines de cables eléctricos≈45˚ o ciones laterales y los arriostres estén colocados en forma Material Height shown in red. WARNING Trusses that are not properly braced per BCSI or BCSI-B2 before placing any construction(2) loadsDislodged/missing on them. Construction connector loads plates shall only be placed on fully restrained chord. building designer in determining the brac- * If diagonal bracing is used to restrain the or structural MATERIALES Y CIERRES DE ARRIOSTRE Documentos de Construcción. Los purlinsT solosRUSSES no HASTA Y SOBRE 60 PIES PERMANENT LATERAL BRACING REQUIRED Gable End Frame (3) Miembros rotos, descolocados o partidos TCTLR es mostrado brace Consulte a un Professional Registrado de Diseño para trusses más apropiada y segura. Note: Limit stacking periods to approximately one week, unless alternativeArriostre information diagonal es is provided by • Apply diagonal bracing or structural sheathing immediately. For spans Bearing Supports are accurately and securely installed.blocking of sufficient height beneath Tops the of bearing supports are flat, level and at the correct elevation. ARRIOSTRE SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION and airports. de aeropuertos. El Dibujo del Diseño de Truss (TDD) provee información Informacióning required para to transfer lateral loadsConstructores due toT RUSSES UP TO 30'Gable (9.1 m end/wall) permanent diagonal sheathing   The material and fasteners used to restrain and brace trusses shall be of sufficient strength and stiffness to hold every arriostrarán apropiadamenteThe o prevenir handling, el torcer de lastoring, installing, restraining and bracing of structuraland braced building structures. componentswww.tpinst.org requires (3) Cracked, dislodgedDo not or cut,broken alter, membersor drill any structural member of a truss unless de 60 pies. CLR(s), repeat at 10’ (3 m) intervals, or as the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer. communication greatly increases the probability of an accident resulting in property damage, serious personal injury and/or (4) Cualquier otro daño que pueda perjudicar la integridad Gypsum Board 12" (305 mm) mostrado en rojo. Vea el BCSI-B2*** para las opciones de TCTLR. stack of trusses at 8’ to 10’ on center. Diagonal “X” bracingWARNING: sheathed are not able to resist lateral impact loads associated Sostenga cada truss en posición con equipo de grúa hasta que la restricción lateral temporal de la L-Reinforcement truss member in the position assumed for it in the design. cuerda superior y tienen que ser arriostrados si mismo. tions on proper hoisting of trusses. TRUSSES HASTA 30 PIES Soportes de Sostener son instalados correctamente y seguramente. La parte superior de los soportes son planas, niveladas y a la el- sobre el soporte supuesto para la cuerda superior. wind and/or seismic forces from the gable bracing. Locate in line with bottom chord SupportingDO NOT exceed maximum stack heights. Refer to BCSI-B4*** over 60' applying structural sheathing immediately is the preferred bracing. Locate in line with bottom chord Do not store No almacene in the Top Chord Plane DIAGONAL specifically permitted by the Truss Design Drawing. Diagonal specified in the construction documents. (4)BottomAny Chords other damage that may impair the structural Lateral permanent CLR or as specified by the ForLos trusses materiales stored y cierres forusados more para thanrestringir one y arriostrar week, los trusses debenunbraced ser de fuerza bundles y rigidez suficienteverticalmente para los TEMPORARYspecialized RESTRAINT training,Brace the purlins clearly by installing implemented Diagonal& BRACING Bracing to the procedures, and careful planning Note:andSome communicationchord and web members among the contractor, crane opera- WIND estructural*** de los trusses. end frame into the roof and/or ceiling trussesfor more information. Plywood do orN’T OSB overload16" (406 mm) the trusses. with falls. A falling worker method.attached to an inadequately braced set wind and/or seismic forces from the gable Load bearing supports (e.g., walls, columns, headers,mantener beams, cada miembro etc.) de truss en la posiciónevación designado correcta.en el diseño. Always Diagonally Brace the not shown for clarity. Asegúrese que el montaje del truss está adecuadamente restringido y arriostrado según las guías en BCSI-B1 y See BCSI-B2*** for TCTLR options. sobre el soporte supuesto para la cuerda superior. Si arriostre diagonal es usado para restringir Supporting Top Chord Plane at intervals along the length of the Building HERE PLATE FORCE braces  Diagonal  U-Reinforcement No corte, altere o perfore ningún miembro estructural de los t NO exceda las alturas máximas de montón. Vea elSON MUY resumen integrity of the trusses accurately. Fastener size and spacing requirements and grade for restraint buildingAttach designer. Lateral Permanent Continuous Lateral Restraint! specified in the construction documents. upright. trusses sueltos.  Properly restrain and brace trusses before No amontone materiales sobre cover bundles to prevent moisture gain but tor and installationdetermined by the crew.Building Designer, Handling or by attaching and Structural installing components without appropriate training, planning*** and communication greatly diaphragm. Vea el BCSI-B2*** parael/los las opcionesCLR(s), repita de TCTLR. en intervalos de 10 are plumb and properly braced. Jobsite is clean and neat, and free of obstructions. VEA DIBUJO DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA INFORMACIÓN ESPECÍFICA 10' o.c. NO exceda las alturas máximas de montón. Vea el resumenDiagonal Asphalt Shingles 2 bundles Bracing  Some of the more common materials used to brace the members of trusses include wood structural panels, gypsum RESTRICCIÓN Y ARRIOSTRE TEMPORAL BCSI-B2 antes de colocar alguna carga de construcción entrusses, la estructura. a menos que estéSolamente específicamente coloquen permitido cargas en el dibujo Avisede construcción a la compañía fabricante si es necesario reparar los the sheathing, purlins and bracing are provided in the No sobrecargue los trusses. Restraint of trusses could cause all the previously set trusses to collapse allow for ventilation. Sheathing directly to the purlins. ARRIOSTAMIENTO LATERAL PERMANENTE REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com Diagonal Braces every 10 Asphalt Shingles 2 bundles Diagonal bracing Spreader bar Algunos diseñadores de trusses proveen tablas pies o como especificado en los documen- El dibujo a la izquierda muestra el espaciamiento máximo en el centro IMPORTANTES! Notify your component manufacturer if truss repairs max. stacking construction materials on them. Soportes que sostener cargas (Ej.: paredes, columnas,board sheathing, vigas dedimension cabe lumber,- proprietaryLa metal obra restraint/bracing está limpia, products, ordenada and metal purlins y sin and obstrucciones. straps increases the probability of an accident resulting in property damage, serious personal injury and/or death. del diseño del truss. en verde. building code and/or by the building designer. N Refer to BCSI-B3*** BCSI-B4*** para más información. Arriostrar los purlins Referpor instalar to BCSI-B2el Arriostre DiagonalSummary al Plando Sheet de la – Cuerda Truss Superior en intervalos a lo largo de la longi- arriba de estructuras cuales son completamentetruss spaces (20' max.) restringidos y arriostrados. trusses. Si después de la instalación descubre daños en los trusses • Ground bracing not showny detalles de diseño generales para asistir el diseñadorfor del edificio en determinar clarity. el arriostre re- Algunos de los materiales más communes de usar para arriostrar los miembros de los trusses incluyen paneles Ceiling diaphragm (vea * a la izquierda) del TCTLR basado en los tramos de trusses de la for truss tos de construcción. Concrete Block 8" (203 mm) Lateralin a domino effect. zera, vigas, etcétera) son plomadas y correctamenteRefer arriostradas. to BCSI Guide to Good Practice for tud del Edificio determinado por el Diseñador del Edificio, o por sujetar Entablado Estructural directamente a los purlins. Top Chord Temporary are needed. After installation, if damage to the trusses is El tamaño de cierre y requisitos de espaciamiento y Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing for querido para pasar cargas laterales debidas a fuerzas de viento y/o fuerzas sísmicas delfor armazón Gable End Frame re- 4 estructurales de madera, entablado de gypsum borrad, madera de dimensión, productos de metal patentados para 10'-15' max.Proprietary Same metal spacing Diagonal asBracing prod- Structural Sheathing que cree que puedan debilitarlos, asegúrese de que el área esté Lateral restraint ' o.c tabla en el Paso 2 en la página 2. Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing Prior to component installation, the documents should be examined and disseminated to all appropriate personnel, in addition to Trusses that have been overloaded during construction or altered without the Truss Manufacturer’s grado para el entablado, vigas de soporte y arriostre Group of 2 Trusses Clay Tile 3-4 tiles high Spreader bar 6 . m Hangers, tie-downs, restraint and bracing materialsrestringir/arriostrar, are on site yand purlins y straps de metal. The TDD provides informationmore information. on the assumed support for the top chord based on the load conditions for which the Lateral Restraint ucts are also available. discovered that could you weaken them, temporarily brace or straint/bracing/ reinforcement ' permanent CLR or as specified by the  Warning! Stacking excessive amounts of construction materials on floor or roof trusses is an unsafe practice. Property hastial al diafragma del techo. 10 o.c ax.  bottom chord Lateral Restraint Some chord and web members ' o.c 8' o . m * cuerda superior esté instalado y el truss está asegurado en los soportes. of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses prior approvalEnd wall may render the Truss Manufacturer’s limited warrantylibre de null tuberías, and void. abrazaderas, instalaciones eléctricas, mecánicas, . m .c. ax. Gypsum Board – Tabla de Yeso 12" – 12 pulgadas truss has been designed. This typically includes directly applied Structural Sheathing or purlins at a specified maximum (TCTLR) son provistos en el código del edificio y/o por el diseña- Directly information. To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/b3. a m * accessible. proper training and a clear understanding of the installation plan, any applicable fallA LprotectionWAYS DIAGONA requirements,LLY BRACE THE and notthe shown intend fored clarity. x.* ax.* ¡ADVERTENCIA! Los entramados que no están correctamente forMinimum more sizedetailed bracing lumberinformation is 2x4 stress-grade pertaining lumber to Groundunless another Bracing size is specified procedure by the Truss for Design first Engineer truss or is based on site Vea el resumen BCSI B2 – Restricción/ damage, personal injury and/or death aresupport possible the trussesif this warningto prevent is furtherPotential not Failureheeded. damage Types Roof and diaphragm make sure BCSI-B3 SUMMARY SHEET - PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF CHORDS & WEB MEMBERS FALL PROTECTION & TRUSSES end frame into the roof and/or ceiling  on-center spacing. 2x4 min. etc., hasta que se terminen las reparaciones de esa zona. B3 B3 America. States of the Printed United in color. than one more in appear should This document publishers. the of permission without written the form in any bereproduced not may part thereof This any guideor All rights Institute. reserved. Plate ComponentsAssociationand Truss trusses CONTINUOUS LATERAL RESTRAINT! dor del edificio. attached ≈45˚ Spans over 60’ may require complex permanent bracing.TRUSSES Please always consult UP a Registered TO Design60' Professional. (18.3 m) Para ver un PDF de este documento que no se puede imprimir, visita www.sbcindustry.com/b3. ≈45° Trusses que se han sobrecargado durante la construcción o han sido alterados sin una autorización  Lateral restraint & diagonal bracing can also be used with Construction Loading Fall Protection & Trusses • No se muestra el arriostre de tierra para claridad. Colgadores (hangers), soportes de anclaje (tie-downs)Building y Designer. materiales Scab Reinforcement  Si arriostre diagonal es usado para restringir El TDD provea información en el soporterestraint assumed para and la cuerda bracing superior basado requirements. en las condiciones de la Trusses carga para over 60 feet in length are very dangerous to install and may require com- The contractor is responsible for Para información sobre restric- u handling and jobsite storage of trusses. and building configuration. Arriostre Temporal y Instalación de los the area remains clear of plumbing, electrical, mechanical,  TRUSSES HASTA 60 PIES Cargas de Construcción Protección de Caída y Trusses p BCSI-B4*** para más información. 3) BOTTOM CHORD — CUERDA INFERIOR shown in red. The documents B4 B11 t rigid ceiling small groups of trusses (i.e., three or less). Attach the Typical apuntaladoso 8 según BCSI o forrados no pueden resistir cargas de El tamaño mínimo de madera de arriostre es 2x4 madera de stress graded a menos que otro tamaño es especificado por B. Individual Web Reinforcement on one face previa del Fabricante de Trusses, pueden reducir o eliminar la garantía del Fabricante de Trusses. braces T 0 cuales el truss ha sido diseñado. Este incluye típicamente Entablado Estructural aplicado directamente o purlins espacia- properly receiving, unloading and storing rus up ' death. de restricción y arriostre están accesibles en la obra. ¡Advertencia! Apilando cantidades excesivas de cargas de construcción sobre trusses de piso u techo es una práctica ción/arriostre/refuerzo para s to Trusses para más información. Truss member NO corte, perfore, reubique o añada ningún miembro del truss Construction loads are those loads imposed on the unfinished s u • Aplique inmediatamente el Arriostre Diagonal o el Entablado el Ingeniero del Diseño de Truss or Diseñador del Edificio.El procedimiento de Arriostre de Tierra para el primer T-, L-, Scab, I- or U-Reinforcement are five RESTRAINT/BRACING MATERIAlS & FASTENERS Diagonal Regulations on fall protection and erection/installation of trusses in residential construction are contained in OSHA’s Fall Protection Standard, 29 DO NOT overload small groups or single trusses. p p 60 plex temporary and permanent bracing. Please always consult a Professional Engineer. bridging, bracing, etc. until the field repairs have been properly 2. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE BOTTOM CHORD PlANE MATERIAlES Y CIERRES DE RESTRICCIóN/ARRIOSTRE bracing building as a result of the construction process. Typical construction a ' dos en un máximo en el centro especificado. CFR 1926 Subpart M(the Standard). Section 1926.501(b)(13) of the Standard states in part: “Each employee engaged in residential construction n to lateral restraint & diagonal brace to each web member  Bottom chords loads include the weight of the workers, equipment, and building s This document summarizes the information provided in Section B3 of the 2008 Edition of Building Component Safety Information BCSI – Guide to Good Practice for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses. Copyright 2004-2008 Structural Building 2004-2008 Structural Copyright Trusses. Connected Wood Plate Metal of Bracing & Restraining Installing, Handling, for BCSI Practice Good to – Guide Information of Buildingin2008 B3 Edition the Sectionof Safety Component provided information the summarizes documentThis 4 ≈45˚ activities 6 feet or more above lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, scaffolding, a safety net system or a personal fall arrest system.” u the trusses at the jobsite. Unload trusses to materials, to name a few. For example, a bundle of plywood p 5' options that involve adding lumber to increase the NOTE: The Truss Manufacturer and Truss Designer rely on the presumption that the Contractor and crane operator (if applicable) are sheathing or gypsum board stacked on trusses temporarily creates Armazones Hastiales vea el to impacto lateral asociadas con caídas. Un trabajador que sufra una provided in the Las regulaciones sobre protección contra caídas y levantamiento/instalación de entramados en construcción residencial vienen contenidos Erection/installation crew is aware of installation plan and Lateral construction loads. 3 truss es basado en el terreno y configuración del edificio. peligrosa. Daño a la propiedad, herida personal y/o muerte son posibles si no sigue esta advertencia. o conector de metal hasta que haya recibido instrucciones de TRUSSES UP TO AND OVER 60' en(18.3 la Regulación de Protección m contra) Caídas de OSHA, 29 CFR 1926 Subparte M (el Estándar). La sección 1926.501(b)(13) de la regulación NO sobrecargue pequeños grupos o trusses individuales. 0 2. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El PlANO DE lA CUERDA INFERIOR Lateral restraint 2x4x12' Repeat diagonal Estructural (structural sheathing). Para tramos más de 60 pies el  ' Locate ground braces for first truss directly in ≤10' Lateral Restraints - 2x4x12' or ≤20' Cargas de construcción son las cargas que están impuestas a los   completed. Excessive that they cross. or greater lapped over establece en parte: “Cada empleado que participe en actividades de construcción residencial a 6 pies o más por encima de niveles inferiores Use at least 2-10d (0.128x3”), 2-12d (0.128x3.25”), or 2-16d (0.131x3.5”) nails to attach 2x4 Lateral Restraint and ≤10'  web’s resistance to buckling. Proprietary metal (3 m) restraint smooth surface to prevent damage. (6.1 m) professionals with the capability to undertake the work they have agreed to do on any given project. If the Contractor believes it needs (3 m) ≤10' two trusses edificios incompletos como resultado del proceso de construcción. deberán estar protegidos por sistemas de rampas de protección, andamiaje, un sistema de red de seguridad o un sistema de protección Top Chord Temporary (3 m) ≤10' Si los trusses estarán guardados horizon- WEB REINFORCEMENT FOR SINGlE PlY TRUSSES Refer to BCSI-B3*** Note: Some chord and web members Cargas de construcción típicas incluyen el peso de los trabajadores, 2. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE BOTTOM CHORD PLANE I (3 m) personal para detención de caídas.” resumen BCSI-B3*** Use proper rig- Use equipo apropiado not shown for clarity. Examine the building, the building’s structural framing system, bearing locations and related installation conditions. Begin compo- Fastener size and spacing requirements and grade for el equipo y los materiales de construcción, etcétera. Por ejemplo,  TRUSSES HASTA Y SOBRE 60 PIES building designer. bow in Restraint/Diagonal Bracing requirements. Diagonal Bracing members at each connection as reinforcement products and stacked web products Lateral restraint and diagonal bracing used to brace the bottom chord plane. braces for each  assistance in some aspect of the construction project, it should seek assistance from a competent party. The methods and procedures N un paquete de entablado contrachapado o tabla de yeso apilados line with all rows of top chord temporary lat- SBCA has created an alternate fall protection plan template, complete with links throughout the document to the applicable trusses que no esten arriostrados. greater lapped over two trusses. Restricción lateral y arriostre diagonal también puede ser usado con grupos pequeños de trusses caída y que esté acoplado a un conjunto de entramados que no DANGER Do not walk on unbraced trusses. la compañía fabricante del componente. temporalmente sobre los trusses crean cargas de construcción. Lateral Restraint Use rows of continuous lateral restraint with diagonal bracing, gypsum board sheathing or rigid 3. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE WEB MEMBER PlANE steps to follow in its online step-by-step approach to erecting an initial truss system under OSHA’s fall protection requirements. método preferido es entablarlos inmediatamente. The Building Designer, through detailing in the Con-  3. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El PlANO DEl MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO Visit www.sbcindustry.com/fp TRUSS PlATE INSTITUTE talmente, ponga bloqueando de altura  El contratista tiene la responsabilidad de Make sure that the truss assembly is properly restrained and braced according to the guidelines in BCSI-B1 and

 NEVER stack materials near a peak or at mid-span. 2. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA EL PLANO DE LA CUERDA INFERIOR JobsiTe Packageging and hoisting para levantar e PERMANENT BRACING FOR SPECIAl CONDITIONS Structural specified by the Truss Design or Building Designer. are also viable alternatives. Reinforcement is outlined in this document are intended to ensure that theGable overall End construction techniques employed will put the trusses into place SAFELY. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA CONDICIONES ESPECIAlES BCSI-B2 before placing any construction loads on them. Construction loads shall only be placed on fully restrained Minimum Nail Size Trusses that have been over-stressed dueDO to NOT excessive cut, drill, construction relocate or addloading any truss will memberusually showor metal excessive sagging (deflec- and braced structures. TRuSS SySTEmS – SISTEMAS DE ENTRAMADO set of 4 trusses. La tripulación de erección/instalación es consciente del plan de eral restraint (see table in the next column). ≈90° struction Documents, is responsible for all Gable End (ej. tres o menos). Sujete la restricción lateral y el arriostre diagonalPERMANENT BRACING a FOR THEcada VARIOUS PlANES OF A miembroTRUSS secundario  6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 218 N. Lee St., Ste. 312 • Alexandria, VA 22314 nent installation only after any unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected. Do not cut, modify or repair components. Report HIGH Top Asegúrese que el montaje del truss está adecuadamente restringido y arriostrado según las pautas en BCSI-B1 y ceiling. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA Frame recibir, descargar y almacenar adecuadamente chord suficiente detrás de la pila de los trusses. typically used as an alternative to the combination BCSI-B1 SUMMARY SHEET - GUIDE FOR HANDLING, INSTALLING, RESTRAINING AND BRACING OF TRUSSES BCSI-B2 antes de colocar alguna carga de construcción en la estructura. Solamente coloquen cargas de construcción DANGER Any part of an inadequately braced or sheathed truss system used as an anchor- For 2x6 or greater Lateral Restraint and Diagonal These recommendations for handling, installing, restraining and bracing trusses are based upon the collective experience of leading VARIOS PlANOS DE UN TRUSS plane Note: Ground bracing not shown for clarity. NUNCA amontone los materiales cerca de un pico. Interior Permanent Bracing for the Bottom Chords of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses is typically provided by attaching equipment. improvisar. Web Spans over 60’ may require complex permanent bracing. Please always consult a Registered Design Professional.   arriba de estructuras cuales son restringidos y arriostrados completamente. age point for any type of personal fall arrest system is dangerous and will increase the risk estén apuntalados adecuadamente podría provocar que los entra- B1 B1 Sheathing member ~ Frame bracing, including the Bracing member size and WIND r Proteja los trusses del clima, de la corrosión, de torceduras, plane of serious injury or death. If ground level is too far GENERAL NOTES NOTAS GENERALES WARNINg! Stacking excessive amounts of construction materials on floor or roof trusses is an unsafe practice. Prop- 608/274-4849 • www.sbcindustry.com 703/683-1010 • www.tpinst.org HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TRUSS BUNDLES connector plate until you have received instructions from your Arriostre diagonal es que los cruzan. STEPS TO SETTING TRUSSES Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing of Continuous Lateral Restraint (CLR) and Diagonal personnel involved with truss design, manufacture and installation, but must, due to the nature of responsibilities involved, be presented diaphragm. instalación y requisitos de restricción/arriostre. Bracing, use a minimum of three nails per connec-  ¡PELIGRO! No camine sobre entramados no apuntalados. Use filas de restricción lateral continua con arriostre diagonal, entablado de yeso o techo rigído. RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR PAQUETES DE TRUSSES erty damage, personal injury and/or death are possible if this warning is not heeded. tion) and at least a portion of this deflection will remain even after the load has been removed. In more severe cases, LAS MEDIDAS DE LA INSTALACIÓN DE LOS TRUSSES continuous Lateral Restraint properly braced against lateral movement or gypsum wallboard. Concrete Block 8" (203 mm) los trusses en la obra. Descargue los trusses en la HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS OF SINGLE TRUSSES BY HAND ¡PELIGRO! Cualquier pieza de un sistema de entramado apuntalado o forrado de forma Repita los arri- 10d (0.128x3") Do not store on No almacene en Coloque los arriostresany damage de tierra before para el primer installation. • Apply diagonalwill help you bracing  or ¡AdVERTENCIA! Apilando cantidades excesivas de cargas structuralde construcción sobre trusses de piso u techo es unaInstalación prác- de Trusses & Restricción/Arriostreinadecuada Temporal que se utilice como punto de anclaje para cualquier tipo de sistema de protec- sheathing immediately. For spans B2 Bottom locations, attachment to trusses, gable end sheathing, FORCE tica peligrosa. Daño a la propiedad, herida personal y/o muerte son posibles si no sigue esta advertencia. ción personal para detención de caídas es peligroso y aumentará el riesgo de lesiones el/los CLR(s), repita en intervalos de 10 tion. from truss for exterior Bracing when CLR is not possible or desirable. only as a GUIDE for use by a qualified Building Designer or Contractor. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as personales de gravedad o la muerte. B4ConstLoad 090520 Bottom Trusses that have been over-stressed due to excessive construction loading will usually show excessive sagging Place loads over as many trusses as possible. CHECk THESE ITEMS BEFoRE STARTINg ERECTImadosoN/ fijadosINSTA previamentellATIoN AND se colapsen CoRRECT con un AS efecto NEEDED dominó.  Lateral Restraint must be applied in combination with Diagonal Bracing or some other means that will provide stability daños y deterioros cuando los almacene en la obra. Cuando tierra liso para prevenir el daño. chord  B3WEB11x17 081205 component manufacturer. (deflection) and at least a portion of this deflection will remain even after the load has been removed. In more severe for truss  Para trusses guardados por más de una and fastener size and locations including any mechani- plane  Refer to BCSI-B1* and sotres diagonales Multi-ply trusses, including girders, are correctly fastened to- uneven ground. tierra desigual. truss directamente en línea con cada una de  Brace first truss cases, broken truss members and/or failed truss joints may result. FoR TRUSSES Up To 2'-0" oN-CENTER AND 80'-0" IN lENgTH Individual Web Reinforcement Applied at the Jobsite by the Contractor RECOMMENDACCIONES DE LEVANTAMIENTO DE TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES BCSI-B2* for recommen-  12d (0.128x3.25") Use por lo menos clavos de least 2-10d (0.128x3”), chords broken webs and/or chord members or web members thatsuperior have to the Building pulled Designer’s out design of specificationthe plated for handling, joints installing, may restraining result. and bracing trusses and it does not preclude the Los trusses que han sidos demasiado estresados debido a cargas de construcción excesivas usualmentepARA demuestranTRUSSES HASTA 2 pIES EN CENTRo Y HASTA 80 pIES DE loNgITUD dations on proper bracing   B11Fall 111006 and transfer the forces to a lateral force resisting system. WARNINg! Spans over 60' require more complex temporary installation re- Ground Bracing, use una desviación excesiva, y por lo menos una parte de este desviación se quedarán aún después de que la carga se haya of trusses. cal connectors required.  quitada. En casos más severos, miembros quebrados del truss y/o junturas falladas pueden resultar. straint/bracing. Consult a registered design professional. para cada grupo Coloque las cargas sobre tantos trusses como sea semana, cubra los paquetes para prevenir las filas de restricciónThe enclosed lateral temporal documents de la are offered as minimum guidelines only. Nothing contained in this jobsite package should be construed in use of other equivalent methods for restraining/bracing and providing stability for the walls,guarde columns, losfloors, trusses roofs and allpor the interrelatedmás de una semana, use separadores, perform your job Los tramos más de 60 pies requieren restricción/arriostre de instalación temporal más T-Reinforcement is commonly used and creates a “T” shape when applied to the web member.  INSTALLING — INSTALACIÓN Consulte BCSI-B1* REVISE ESToS pUNToS ANTES DE EMpEZAR lA ERECCIÓN/INSTAlACIÓN Y CoRRÍJAloS CUANDo ES NECESARIo gether prior to lifting into place. 2-12d (0.128x3.25”), o 2-16d (0.131x3.5”) para securely before  complejo. Consulte a un profesional registrado de diseño. y BCSI-B2* sobre Restricción Lateral tiene que ser aplicado en combinación con Arriostre Diagonal o algunos otros medios que proveerán POR LA MANO RESTRAINT/BRACING FOR ALL PLANES OF TRUSSES Trusses. Wood Connected Plate Metal of Bracing & Restraining Installing, Handling, for Practice Good to Guide BCSI- Information Safety Component Building of Edition 2006 the of B1 Section in provided information the summarizes document This  CoNSTRUCTIoN LoAdINg do'S ANd doN’TS DANgER! Disregarding handling, installing, restraining and bracing safety RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE PARA TODOS PLANOS DE TRUSSES doN’T exceed stack heights listed in the table. recomendaciones del  Sample detail of Gabler EndProtect Frame Bracing trusses and Rein- from weather, corrosion, lateral bending, ~ interior Ground Bracing. structural building components as determined by the Contractor. Thus, WTCA and TPI expressly disclaim any responsibility for damages recommendations is the major cause of truss erection/installation accidents.  QUE HACER Y No HACER CoN LAS CARgAS No exceda la altura de montón indicada en la tabla  apuntalamiento correcto aumento16d (0.131x3.5 de humedad") pero permita venti- sujetar miembros de 2x4 de Restricción Lateral y Ar- EXAMPLES OF DIAGONAL BRACING WITH CONTINUOUS El no seguir las recomendaciones de manejo, instalación, restricción y arriostre es la causa de 4 trusses. posible. cuerda superior (vea la table en la próxima L-Reinforcement is similar to T-Reinforcement, but creates a flat surface on one face of the truss to permit the direct que sigue. de los entramados. estabilidad y pasar las fuerzas a un sistema de resistir fuerzas laterales.  Los trusses que han sidos demasiado estresados debido a cargas de construcción excesivas usualmente demuestran una LATERAL RESTRAINT dE CoNSTRUCCIÓN erection of additional W HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SINGLE TRUSSES principal de los accidentes durante la erección/instalación de trusses. Trusses de varias capas, incluyendo travesaños, son fijados RECOMENDACIONES PARA LEVANTAR TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES 2) WEB MEMBER PLANE — PLANO DE LOS MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS forcement (as provided by the Building Designer) paletas, plataformas u otros soportes para almacenarlos lejos Maximum Stack Height for Material on Trusses Lateral restraint is NOT adequate without diagonal bracing. any manner as expanding the scope of responsibility of, or imposing any additional liabilities on, the component manufacturer. arising from the use, application,Ceiling or and reliance finish cracking on the andrecommendations and information contained herein. Diagonal the sheathing, purlins and bracing are provided in the   doN’T stack materials on unbraced Maximua Altura de Montón para Material encima de Lalos Restricción Trusses Lateral NO es adecuada sin el Arriostre Diagonal. bracing riostre Diagonal en cada juntura como especificado Lateral restraint application of sheathing material. RESTRICCIóN/ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE1. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE TOP DE lAS CUERDAS Y lOS MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS Consulte * sobre recomen- trusses.  Refer to BCSI-B1* for recommenda- BCSI-B1 Always diagonally brace for safety! lación. damage and deterioration when stored at the jobsite. When quickly, safely and CHORD PlANE  Material – Material Height – Altura for Gable End Frame re- columna). 1. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El trusses. No amontone materiales sobre ¡Siempre arriostre diagonalmente para seguridad! tions on proper hoisting of trusses. PlANO DE lA CUERDA SUPERIOR Gypsum Board – Tabla de Yeso 12" – 12 pulgadas Building dimensions match the construction documents. Trusses are the correct dimension. related serviceability issues A  trusses que no esten arriostrados. BCSI-B11 SUMMARY SHEET por el Diseño del Truss o el Diseñador del Edificio.   juntos correctamente antes de levantarlos en lugar. Si el nivel del terreno es Consulte BCSI-B1* sobre recomen- Install bottom chord permanent Lateral Restraint at the spacing indicated on the TDD and/or by the Building Designer desviación excesiva, y por lo menos una parte de este desviación se quedarán aún después la carga haya quitado. En N ≤20' Plywood or OSB – Madera Contrachapada u OSB 16" – 16 pulgadas Position loads over load bearing walls.   Trusses 20' MAxIMUM SpACINg FoR Top CHoRD TEMpoRARY lATERAl RESTRAINT (TCTlR) BCSI-B4 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B4 Scab Reinforcement is installed on one face of the web. It is often more structurally efficient for multiple-ply webs and del suelo o colocarlos apuntalados en posición vertical para (6.1 m) Trusses 30'  CONSTRUCTION LOADING    daciones para levantar correcto de los CARGA DE CONSTRUCCIÓN Asphalt Shingles – Teja de Asfalto 2 bundlesEl ES –p 2ACIAMIENT paquetes o MÁxIMo pARA lA RESTRICCIÓN lATERAl TEMpoRAl DE lA CUERDA SUpERIoR (TCTlR) HANDLING — MANEjO mostrado en rojo. Group of 3 Trusses entramados. (i.e., construction defects) Concrete Block – Bloque de Hormingón 8" – 8 pulgadas The graphic at left shows the maximum on-center spacing (see * at Para Restricción Lateral y Arriostre Diagonal de 2x6 o más, use un mínimo de tres clavos en cada juntura. trusses are stored at the site use blocking, stringers, pallets,  R Information for Framers left) of TCTLR based on truss span from the table in Step 2 on page 2. Vea el folleto BCSI Guía de Buena Práctica with a maximum of 10’ on center. provides easier nailing because it is applied to a wide-face of the web. Vanos más de 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, siempre Clay consulteTile – Teja de Arcilla 3-4 tiles – 3-4 azulejos a un• Ground bracingProfesional not shown for clarity. de Diseño Registrado. Coloque las cargas sobre las paredes soportantes. Las dimensiones del edificio concuerdan con los documentos de construcción. Los trusses son la dimensión correcta. demasiado lejos para Fasten OSB to framing (6.1 m) or WARNING Trusses that are not properly braced per BCSI or Plywood or OSB – Madera Contrachapada u OSB 16" – 16 pulgadas (9.1 m) or  Note: Limit stacking periods to approximately one week, unless alternative information is provided by • Apply diagonal bracing or structural sheathing immediately. For spans Diagonal Any truss damage is reported to Truss Manufacturer. Refer to Do not walk on unbraced Connection failure between top of wall Información para Constructores the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer. sheathed are not able to resist lateral impact loads associated accurately. over 60' applying structural sheathing immediately is the preferred casos más severos, miembros secundarios quebrados y/o miembros de cuerda o miembros secundariosevitar que quehan se jalados tuerzan y se dañen. doN’T overload the trusses. Instale Restricción Lateral permanente de la cuerda inferior a la espaciamiento indicado en el TDD y/o por el Diseñador with falls. A falling worker method.attached to an inadequately braced set  Diagonal Braces every  Diagonal Algunos diseñadores de trusses proveen tablas Lateral  t Properly restrain and brace trusses before @ 3" o.c. on edge, 6" No sobrecargue los trusses. Restraint Bracing of trusses could cause Elall dibujo the previously a la izquierda set muestratrusses elto espaciamiento collapse máximo en el centro para el Manejo, Instalación, Restricción y Ar- N Spreader bar stacking construction materials on them. platforms or other means of support to keep the trusses off of (vea * a la izquierda) del TCTLR basado en los tramos de trusses de la El manejare, guardar,T-Reinforcement instalar, restringir y arriostrar de componentes estructurales de construc- and bottom of Gable End Frame for trussless, support less, support at in a domino effect. usar Arriostre de Tierra Truss Scab Reinforcement tabla en el Paso 2 en la página 2. Truss bracing not Group of 2 Trusses pies o como especificado en los documen- bracing BCSI-B5 Summary Sheet – Truss Damage, JobsiteTEMPORARY Modifications RESTRAINT/BRACING AS PERMANENT del Edificio con un máximo de 10 piesADVERTENCIA: en el centro.trusses. Directly ¡ADVERTENCIA! Los entramados que no están correctamente o.c. in field with 8d attached  • No se muestra el arriostre de tierra para claridad. ALTERATIONS — ALTERACIONES Tops of bearing supports are flat, level and at the correct 10 trussBlock spaces sheeting (20' max.) rigid ceiling The documents apuntalados según BCSI o forrados no pueden resistir cargas de 2x4 SYP outrigger at 24" on 2. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE BOTTOM CHORD PlANE • Aplique inmediatamente el Arriostre Diagonal o el Entablado Bearing supports (e.g., walls, columns, headers, beams, etc.) are accurately  riostres de los Trusses de Madera Conectados Truss member on one face TRUSS PLATE INSTITUTE impacto lateral asociadas con caídas. Un trabajador que sufra una fuera de las junturas chapadas pueden resultar. 2. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA El PlANO DE lA CUERDAI INFERIOR providednear in the peak.  Estructural (structural sheathing). Para tramos más de 60 pies elLATERAL RESTRAINT shown for clarity. *** 7/16 OSB  quarter points.  exterior, use Arriostre caída y que esté acoplado a un conjunto de entramados que no DANGER Do not walk on unbraced trusses. r Revise cuidadosamente los dibujos de diseño del truss, el  método preferido es entablarlos inmediatamente. the ground or in a braced upright position to avoid damage. JobsiTe Package Structural Using a single pick-point at the peak can damage the truss. RESTRAINT/BRACING Web members Exterior edges within 4' Sheathing estén apuntalados adecuadamente podría provocar que los entra- Diagonal center. Clip to Gable Top Chord ción requieren entrenamiento especializada, procedimientos claramente implementados y planificaron y comunicación clara entre HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS OF SINGLE TRUSSES BY HAND ¡PELIGRO! No camine sobre entramados no apuntalados. and Installation Errors. Do not install damaged trusses unless will help you CHECk THESE ITEMS BEFoRE STARTINg ERECTImadosoN/ fijadosINSTA previamentellATIoN ANDse colapsen CoRRECT con un AS efecto NEEDED dominó. member RECOMMENDACCIONES DE LEVANTAMIENTO DE TRUSSES INDIVIDUALES  6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 218 N. Lee St., Ste. 312 • Alexandira, VA 22314 B11Fall 111006 con Placas de Metal para información más No camine en trusses  Some Truss Designers provide standard over 60' applying structuralperform your job POR LA MANO REVISE ESToS pUNToSsheathing ANTES DE EMpEZAR lA ERECCIÓN/INSTAlACIÓN Y CoRRÍJAloS CUANDo ES NECESARIo immediately is the preferred elevation. 2011_B11 Summary Sheet 111006.indd 1 12/6/2011 1:39:11 PM RESTRICCIóN/Aquickly,RRIOSTRE safely and P ERMANENTE DE lAS CUERDAS Y lOS MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS Building dimensions match the construction documents. Trusses are the correct dimension. and securely installed, plumb and properly braced. of Gable Truss N    BCSI-B4 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B4  BCSI-B11 SUMMARY SHEET Refer to BCSI-B5.*** Prior to component installation, the documents should be examined and disseminated to all appropriate personnel, in addition to de Tierra interior. Bracing with HB w/(10) 8d. RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE TEMPORAL COMO RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE Diagonal Vanos más de 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, siempre consulte a un Profesional de Diseño Registrado. Las dimensiones del edificio concuerdan con los documentos de construcción. Los trusses son la dimensión correcta. 10'-15' accurately. & DIAGONAL BRACING Some chord and web members 608/274-4849 • www.sbcindustry.com 703/683-1010diagrama • www.tpinst.orgde instalación de trusses y todos los documentos del Soporte ALTERATIONS — ALTERACIONES Tops of bearing supports are flat, level and at the correct design tables and details based on the typical LATERAL RESTRAINT Soporte de  Bearing supports (e.g., walls, columns, headers, beams, etc.) are accurately  instructed to do so by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or sueltos. and securely installed, plumb and properly braced. elevation. detallada sobre el manejo y almacenado de & DIAGONAL BRACING el contratista, operador de grúa, y los obreros de instalación. El manejar e instalar los componentes sin entrenamiento suficiente, La parte superior de los soportes de cojinete son planas, r Carefully review the Truss Design Drawings, the Truss Los documentos ARE VERY IMPORTANT Los soportes que sostienen cargas (ej., paredes, columnas, vigas de cabezera, Bracing  vigas, etcétera) son instalados seguramente y con precisión, y son nivelados y niveladas y a la elevación correcta. La parte superior de los soportes de cojinete son planas,  BCSI-B2 Summary Sheet – Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing*** provides important information and CONSTRUCTION LTrussO ADING DOS AND DON’TS Los documentos G provistos en el Pa- max. arriostrados apropiadamente. not shown for clarity. ¡LA RESTRICCIÓN  Jobsite is clean and neat, and free of obstructions. Los soportes que sostienen cargas (ej., paredes, columnas, vigas de cabezera, designDON’T assumptions exceed to assist thestack Building heights listed in the table. building code and/or by the building designer. QUeTe De obRa le L-Reinforcement cerca al pico Hangers, tie-downs, restraint and bracing materials are on site and La obra está limpia, ordenada y sin obstrucciones. LATERAL Y EL los cuartos 

Vea el resumen BCSI-B5.*** America. of States United the in Printed publishers. the of permission written withoutthe form any in reproduced be not may thereof part any or guide This Reserved. All Rights Institute. Plate Truss and BuildingIndustry Components Structural the Representing – WTCA 2004-2006 © Copyright accessible. PAQUETE DE OBRA antes de manejar e instalar los trusses. ayudarán en hacer ARRIOSTRE ARE VERY IMPORTANT Truss Manufacturer. los trusses en área de trabajo. TEMPORARY RESTRAINT & BRACING Ground bracing procedure for first truss is based on site B1WARN11x17 20061115 DIAGONAL Los colgadores (hangers), soportes de anclaje (tie-downs) y materiales  guidelines on Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing of trusses. Bottom Chords member su trabajo rápida- and building configuration. Designer in determining the Bracing required RESTRICCIÓN Y ARRIOSTRE TEMPORAL SON MUY de restricción y arriostre están accesibles en la obra. planificación y comunicación adecuadas aumenta la probabilidad de un accidente que resulta en daño a propiedad, herida seria PlacementBlock Diagrambetween outlookers. and Fasten allto JOBSITE PACKAGE documents El procedimiento de Arriostre de Tierra para el primer on one edge Trusses may be unloaded directly on the ground ! mente, sin peligro, Erection/installation crew is aware of installation plan and lateral straint/bracing/ reinforcement IMPORTANTES!  niveladas y a la elevación correcta.  truss es basado en el terreno y la configuración del los trusses restraint/diagonal bracing requirements. Clay Tile 3-4 tiles high de tramo los y con precisión. Trusses up to 30' edificio. vigas, etcétera) son instalados seguramente y con precisión, y son nivelados y El personal de erección/instalación es consciente del plan de instalación Hoja de Resumen BCSI-B2 – Instalación de Trusses y Restricción/Arriostre Temporal*** provea información importante y Standard JoBSITE PACkAgE shown Trusses up to 20' y los requisitos de restricción/arriostre. Algún daño a los trusses ha sido reportado al Fabricante de Gable Top Chord w/ 10d Toe-nails to transfer lateral loads due to wind and/or If ground level is too far  from truss for exterior QUE HACER Y NO HACER CON LAS CARGAS provistos en el Pa- Multi-ply trusses, including girders, are correctly fastened together prior to NO exceda la altura de montón indicada en la tabla  DO NOT cut, alter, or drill any structural member of a truss unless at the time of delivery or stored temporarily in  G This Package contains: lifting into place. ground bracing, use Take these Steps to Protect Yourself & Your Workers: interior ground bracing. guías de la Restricción/Arriostre de Instalación Temporal de trusses. Este paquete contiene:de 20 pies o trusses de 30 Los trusses de varias capas,(9.1 incluyendo travesaños, m) son fijados juntos cor- o muerte. @ 8" o.c. seismic forces from the Gable End Frame into Los documentos Tome estas medidas para protegerse usted mismo y sus colaboradores: (6.1 m) rectamente antes de levantarlos en lugar. Si el nivel del terreno es arriostrados apropiadamente. q Truss Design Drawings Any truss damage is reported to truss manufacturer. Refer to BCSI-B5. demasiado lejos para y detalles de diseño generales para asistir el diseñador del edificio en determinar el arriostre re-  Jobsite is clean and neat, and free of obstructions. usar Arriostre de Tierra Trusses. Vea el resumen BCSI-B5 – Daño a los Trusses, Modifa- contact with the ground after delivery. If trusses Dibujos del Diseño de Do not install damaged trusses unless instructed to do so by the building specifically permitted by the truss design drawing.  everyone from possible exterior, use Arriostre¡LA RESTRICCIÓN Truss Review these documents so Protect designer, truss designer or truss manufacturer. 2x4 No. 2 SYP the roof and/or ceiling diaphragm. Sample

menos. t that you will have a better under- accidents from improper handling. pies o menos. Algún daño a los trusses ha sido reportado al fabricante de trusses. Vea el tos de construcción. DO NOT store NO almacene Trusses hasta 30 pies que sigue. q bcsi summary sheets standing of the components Trusses hasta 20 pies resumen BCSI-B5. No instale trusses dañados a menos que se dijeren el *** are to be stored horizontally for more than one for Handling, installing, Proteja todos de accidentes diseñador del edificio, el diseñador del truss o el fabricante del truss.  Many elements of temporary restraint/bracing of trusses also apply to permanent restraint/bracing of trusses. daciones para levantar correcto de los QUeTe De obRa le supplied for the job. DE CONSTRUCCIÓN X-bracing at Restraining & bracing posibles por el manejo incorrecto. La obra está limpia, ordenada y sin obstrucciones. ciones en la Obra y Errores de Instalación. No instale trusses “Standard Gable End Frame Detail” (as pro- Trusses Revise estos documentos para Hangers, tie-downs, restraint and bracing materials are on site and Antes de la instalación de componentes, los documentos adjuntos deben ser examinados y difundidos a todo el personal apro- L-Reinforcement on Gable unbraced bundles verticalmente los BCSI Hojas Resumen ara que usted tenga un entendimiento Understand the importance LATERAL Y EL NO corte, altere o perfore ningún miembro estructural de un truss,  Muchos elementos/partes de la restricción/arriostre temporal de trusses también aplican a la restricción/arriostre perma-  I- and U-Reinforcement are similar to T- and L-Reinforcement, respectively, except that two (2) pieces of lumber are HOjA RESUMEN DE LA GUÍA DE BUENA PRÁCTICA PARA EL MANEjO, INSTALACIÓN, RESTRICCIÓN Y ARRIOSTRE DE LOS TRUSSES el Manejo, Instalación, t week, place blocking of sufficient height beneath ¡ADVERTENCIA! mejor de los componentes provis- t of these guidelines and the steps BCSI-B2 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B2 HOJA RESUMEN DE LA GUÍALateral Restraint DE 2x4x12' BUENA PRÁCTICA PARA EL MANEJO, INSTALACIÓN, RESTRICCIÓNmid-span and at Y ARRIOSTREvided by the Truss Designer). DE LOS TRUSSES (2006 EDICIÓN) Vanos más de 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, siempre consulte a un Profesional Registrado de Diseño. Restricción y Arriostre de tos para el trabajo. necessary to keep safe and get los Trusses Verts as specified by Truss the job done right. dañados a menos que se dijeren el Diseñador del Edificio,nente de trusses. ≤10' added, one to each narrow face of the web. to the truss system. The same bracing can often be used to support both upright. trusses sueltos. q Take off, summary Urge all workers to follow these ≤20' or greater lapped over 48" o.c. run back Maximum Stack Height for Material on Trusses Comprenda la importancia de es- a menos que esté específicamente permitido en el dibujo del diseño accessible. t ¡ADVERTENCIA!

the stack of trusses at 8’ (2.4 m) to 10’ (3 m) t ayudarán en hacer sheet or bill of Lading proper handling and installation tas pautas y las medidas necesar- ≤10' piado, además del entrenamiento pertinente y un claro entendimiento del plan de instalación, de todo requisito aplicable de la Manufacturer. Descontar, Hoja de ARRIOSTRE guidelines. functions. This bracing is referred to as Permanent Stability Bracing and is the responsibility of the Building Designer. Resumen o Cono- ias para mantener seguro y hacer two trusses 8' from gable. cimiento de Embarque Inste a todos trabajadores a el trabajo correctamente. Diseñador del Truss o Fabricante del Truss. on-center (o.c.). TEMPORARYsigan estas pautas del manejo e RESTRAINT & BRACING del truss. Ground bracing procedure for first truss is based on site B2Temp≤10' 20061206 El tamaño de cierre y requisitos de espaciamiento y q Truss Placement Diagram Gable Truss instalación apropiada. Los colgadores (hangers), soportes de anclaje (tie-downs) y materiales   Temporary restraint/bracing of trusses provides support to the trusses during installation, while Permanent restraint/ Maximua Altura de Montón par Material arriba de los Trusses DON’T stack materials on unbraced method. Diagrama de la Bottom chords  The size, grade and species of the Web Reinforcement material as well as the nailing schedule for attaching the rein- Attach to gable Colocación de Truss DIAGONAL ≤10' protecciónSome chord and web contra la caída y de los requisitos previstos de arriostre y restricción. La instalación de trusses más de 60 pies de q additional information bracing of trusses provides support to the trusses during the lifetime of the structure and resists the applied loads Directly attached If vertical is not present, scab Los trusses pueden ser descargadossu directamente trabajo rápida- Información Adicional de restricción y arriostre están accesibles en la obra. and building configuration. members not shown forcement to the web is typically specified on the Truss Design Drawing, or a supplemental document provided by the and truss verticals information. Structural Building RESTRICCIÓN Components Association Y ARRIOSTRE TEMPORAL Trusses that have been overloaded during construction or altered without the Truss anticipated during that lifetime. rigid ceiling trusses. full height vertical from Bottom 6300 Enterprise Ln El uso de un solo lugar en el pico para levantar puede Truss Designer. It is sometimes also specified in the Construction Documents prepared by the Building Designer. w/(3) 16d. SON MUY largofor clarity. es muy peligrosa. Siempre consulte a un Ingeniero Professional. Madison, WI 53719 Material – Material Height – Altura en el suelo en aquel momento de entrega o 608/274-4849 proper training and a clear understandingAsphalt of Shingles the installation – Teja de plan, Asfalto any applicable fall protection2 bundles requirements, – 2 paquetes and the intended 608/274-3329 (fax) El procedimiento de Arriostre de Tierra para el primer querido para pasar cargas laterales debidas a fuerzas de viento y/o fuerzas sísmicas del armazón Restricción/arriostre temporal de trusses provea soporte a los trusses durante la instalación, a pesar de que la restric- Chord to Top Chord w/(4) 10d ! www.sbcindustry.com Diagonal braces Manufacturer’s prior approval may render the Truss Manufacturer’s limited warranty null and void. Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing used to brace the Bottom Chord Plane.  The following Table provides generic reinforcement information that can be used in the event that information from the almacenados temporalmente enmente, contacto con elsin peligro,  Erection/installation crew is aware of installation plan and lateral ción/arriostre Permanente de trusses provea soporte a los trusses durante la vida/duración de la estructura y resistir las each end. (TYP) Refer Lateralto BCSI-B2*** for more restraintTop Chord Temporary IMPORTANTES! every 10 truss spaces truss es basado en el terreno y la configuración del BCSI-B2 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B2  The Truss Designer is not available. NO amontone materiales sobre Examine la estructura, el sistema armazón estructural de edificio, ubicaciones de soporte e las condiciones de instalación corre- Gypsum Board – Tabla de yeso 12" – 12 pulgadas suelo después de entrega. Si los trusses estarán Trusses que se han sobrecargado durante la construcción o han sido alterados sin la autorización restraint/diagonal bracing requirements. cargas aplicadas anticipadas durante la vida TDD provides information on the assumed support for the bottom chord based on the load conditions for which the truss Clip end of Lateral Restraint information. Lateral Restraint 20' (6.1 m) max. 2 2x4x8' SYP Lateral guardados horizontalmente para más yde unacon precisión. edificio. has been designed. This typically includes a directly applied rigid ceiling or Lateral Restraint at a specified maximum WEB REINFORCEMENT FOR SINGLE PLtrussesy TRUSSES que no esten arriostrados. Strap Gable Truss to Gable Bottom Chord with 10' (3 m) - 15' (4.6 m) max. Same spacing Groupprevia del Fabricante de Trusses, puedenof hacer nulo y2 sin efecto laTrusses garantía limitada del Fabri- El personal de erección/instalación es consciente del plan de instalación  If properly planned, much if not all of the temporary restraint/bracing installed during truss installation can be used to spondientes y comenzar con la instalación de los componentes sólo después de haber corregido toda condición insatisfactoria.Restraint @ 48". Noto stud wall with semana, ponga bloqueando de altura suficiente Vea el resumen BCSI-B2Standard*** para másJoBSITE infor -PACkAgE shown (TCTLR) on-center spacing. Plywood(2) H2.5 w/(8) or 8d. OSB – Madera Contrachapada u OSB 16" – 16 pulgadas grado para el entablado, vigas de soporte y arriostre as bottom chord lateral restraint Note: Some chord and web members cante de Trusses. permanently restrain and brace the truss. Size Fastened to each MSTA12 with (8) 2x4 min. El TDD provea información en el soporte assumed para la cuerda inferior basado en las condiciones para que el truss ha Type & Size of Web detrás de la pila de los trusses a 8 hasta 10 pies mación. y los requisitos de restricción/arriostre. Interior Si es planeado correctamente, mucho, si no todo de la restricción/arriostre temporal instalado durante la installación de corte, modifique ni repare los componentes y informe cualquier daño descubierto antes de procederMinimum a laMini minstalación.um truss w/ (2) 16d Gable Bottom Chord. entramados. 10d @ 48" o.c. not shown for clarity. If ground level is too far sido diseñado. Esto típicamente incluye un techo rigidez aplicado directamente o Restricción Lateral en un espacio de Specified of Grade of Web en centro (o.c.). truss puede ser usado para restringir y arriostrar el truss permanetemente. Reinforcement Length of Web Connection of Web common. AsphaltFasten to topShingles plate w/ 10d – Teja de Asfalto 2 bundles – 2 bultos provistos en el Pa- Locate ground braces for first truss directly 3) BOTTOM CHORD — CUERDA INFERIOR ***Contact the Component Manufacturer for more information or consult a Registered Design Professional for assistance. from truss for exterior en-centro máximo especificado. CLR Truss Reinforcement toe-nails @ 8" o.c.   Multi-ply trusses, including girders, are correctly fastened together prior to hastial al diafragma del techo.hacer daño al truss. Los documentos adjuntos se ofrecen solamente como directrices mínimas. Nada de lo incluidoReinforcement en esteRein paqueteforcement to We debeb interpretarse  For trusses stored for more than one week, cover in line with all rows of top chord temporary To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/b1. ground bracing, use PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE VARIOUS PLANES OF A ROOF TRUSS Web T L Scab2 I Concrete Block – Bloque de Hormingón 8" – 8 pulgadas bundles to protect from the environment. Lateral Restraints - 2x4x12' or lifting into place. 3. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE WEB MEMBER PLANE This Package contains: lateral restraint (see table in the next column). de manera que exceda el alcance de la responsabilidad del fabricante de componentes, ni en forma tal que imponga responsabi- The greatercontractor lapped over two trusses. is responsibleNOTE: The truss manufacturer and truss designer rely on the presumption that the contractor and cranefor operator (if applicable) are interior ground bracing. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA VARIOS PLANOS DE UN TRUSS DE TECHO 3. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE PARA EL PLANO DE MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO 2x4 2x4 2x4 2x4 90% of web or El dibujo a la izquierdaTake these Steps tomuestra Protect Yourself & Your Workers:el espaciamientoprofessionals with the capability to undertakemáximo the work they have agreed to do on any given project. If the contractor believes it needsen el centro Para trusses guardados por más de una semana, Los trusses de varias capas, incluyendo travesaños, son fijados juntos cor-  Trusses require Permanent Bracing within ALL of the following planes: Permanent Bracing is typically installed in lidadesthe Web Member adicionales Plane of a truss to sobrecollect and éste.transfer forces caused by the Clay Tile – Teja de Arcilla 3-4 tiles – 3-4 azulejos Este paquete contiene: DO NOT store on NO almacene en tierra assistance in some aspect of the construction project, it should seek assistance from a competent party. The methods and procedures Para información sobre restric- 1 Row 2x6 2x6 2x6 2x6 Same species extend to within Coloque los arriostres de tierra para el primer ≈90° restraint and bracing requirements. Trusses over 60 feet in length are very dangerous to install and may require com- 1. Top Chord Plane 16d Gun cubra los paquetes para protegerlos del ambiente. rectamente antes de levantarlos en lugar. restraint of members subject to buckling and/or to transfer lateral loads from wind and seismic forces applied to the truss son provistos en el código del edificio y/o por el diseña- uneven ground. desigual. outlined in this document are intended to ensure that the overall construction techniques employed will put the trusses into place SAFELY. Si el nivel del terreno es Top Chord 2x8 2x8 2x8 2x8 and grade or 6" of end of Directly Tome estas medidastruss directamente para en protegerselínea con cada una de usted mismo y sus colaboradores: 2. Bottom Chord Plane To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/b3. system. The same bracing can often be used to support both functions. This bracing is referred to as Permanent Stability nails (0.131x3.5") These recommendations for handling, installing, restraining and bracing trusses are based upon the collective experience of leading Bottom *** Plane web member, Refer to BCSI***q for moreTruss detailed Designinformation Drawings las filas de restricción lateral temporal de la personnel involved with truss design, manufacture and installation, but must, due to the nature of responsibilities involved, be presented demasiado lejos para 3. Web Member Plane Bracing and is the responsibility of the Building Designer. 2x4 ------2-2x4 better than @ 6" on center2 Diagonal Properly restrain and brace trusses before  Any truss damage is reported to truss manufacturer. Refer to BCSI-B5. NOTE: The Truss Designer and Truss Manufacturer mustLateral be notified prior to manufacturing the trusses if the spacing and thickness of the Brace first truss chords only as a GUIDE for use by a qualified building designer or contractor. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as Trusses requieren Arriostre Permanente dentro de TODOS los Arriostre Permanente es típicamente instalado en el Plano del Miembro Secundario de un truss para recoger y pasar las web member whichever is pertaining to handling and jobsite storage of cuerda superior (vea la tabla en la próxima Web 2 Rows 2x6 ------2-2x6 restraint and bracing between the supported and supporting trusses will be different than what is shownBracing on the TDD. stacking construction materials on them. superior to the building designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and bracing trusses and it does not preclude the Do not install damaged trusses unless instructed to do so by the building usar Arriostre de Tierra siguiented planos: fuerzas causadas por la restricción de miembros cuales están expuestos a torcer y/o a pasar cargas laterales de viento DON’Tgreater overload the trusses. Restraint

Dibujos del Diseño de Concrete Block – Bloque de Hormingón 8" – 8 pulgadas Trusses. BCSIInformation Safety Component Building of of2006 Edition B5 the provided Section in documentinformation the This summarizes Connected Wood Plate of Bracing Metal & Restraining Installing, for Good Practice to Handling, - Guide securely before Member trusses. columna). use of other equivalent methods for restraining/bracing and providing stability for the walls, columns, floors, roofs and all the interrelated y fuerzas sísmicas aplicados al sistema del truss. El mismo arriostre a menudo puede ser usado para soportar ambos 2x8 ------2-2x8 Association and Truss Plate Institute. All rights reserved. This guide or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publishers. This document should appear in more than one color. Printed in the United States of America. theUnitedof States Printedin color. one than more in appear should document This publishers. of the permission without written the form any in reproduced be not may partthereof any guide or This All reserved. Institute. rights Plate Truss and Association exterior, use Arriostre Plane *** Contact the component manufacturer for more information or consult a Professional Engineer for assistance. Review these documents so Protect everyoneerection of additional from possible structural building components as determined by the contractor. Thus, SBCA and TPI expressly disclaim any responsibility for damages designer, truss designer or truss manufacturer. Exterior 1. Plano de la Cuerda Superior 1 Truss America. States of the United Printed in color. one than in more appear should This document the publishers. of permission without the written form in any not be reproduced may part thereof This guide or any All rights reserved. Plate Institute. and Truss Components Industry funciones. Se refiere a este arriostre como Arriostre de Estabilidad Permanente y es la responsabilidad del Diseñador del Maximum allowable web length is 14'. NOWEB sobrecargue REINFORCEMENT REQUIRED los trusses. Vea el folleto BCSI*** para información más detal- 2 SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION t de Tierra interior. 2. Plano de la Cuerda Inferior properlyt receiving, unloadingarising from the use, application, and or reliance on the recommendations andstoring information contained herein. DO NOT walk on trusses. Edificio. For Scab Reinforcement use 2 rows of 10d Gun nails (0.120x3") at 6" on center to attach reinforcement to web www.tpinst.org t lada sobre el manejo y almacenado de los trusses that you will have a better under- t accidents from improper handling. Algún daño a los trusses ha sido reportado al fabricante de trusses. Vea el 3. Plano del Miembro Secundario Individual Web Member Permanent Restraint & Bracing unbraced trusses. ≈45˚ ción/arriostre/refuerzo para  Some Truss Manufacturers will mark permanent web member reinforcement attached *** Restricción y Arriostre Permanente de Miembros Secundarios Individuales dor del edificio. en área de trabajo.q bcsi summary sheets T, L OR SCAB (vea * a la izquierda) del TCTLR basado enDiagonal braces everylos 10 tramos de trusses de la resumen BCSI-B5. No instale trusses dañados a menos que se dijeren el Para ver un PDF de este documento que no se puede imprimir, visita www.sbcindustry.com/b3. REINFORCEMENT standing of the components  Permanent Bracing applied at right angles to the depth of a truss  Certain web members require restraint and bracing against out-of-plane buckling in order to resist their intended forces. locations on the truss itself. An example of one such marking used is the truss tag TRUSS PLATE INSTITUTE Lateral restraint NO camine en trusses & diagonal bracing can also be used with T, L o REFUERZO truss spaces 20' (6.1 m) max. DO NOT overload smallperforms several important functions groupsincluding, or single trusses.shown in the Figure at right. DE SCABS PLATE HERE  Proteja todos de accidentes diseñador del edificio, el diseñador del truss o el fabricante del truss.  The TDD indicates which web members (if any) require this restraint. 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 218 N. Lee St., Ste. 312 • Alexandira, VA 22314 QUeTe De obRa le for Handling, installing, sueltos. TRUSS PLATE INSTITUTE a) Preventing out-of-plane buckling of certain truss members due to Bottom Chord Plane VEA DIBUJO DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA INFORMACIÓN ESPECÍFICA 608/274-4849 • www.sbcindustry.com 703/683-1010 • www.tpinst.org supplied for the job.  Provided web member restraint with, 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 218 N. Lee St., Ste. 312 • Alexandria, VA 22314 plex temporary and permanent bracing. Please consult a Registered Design Professional. REFUERZO DE MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com Restraining & bracing posibles por el manejo incorrecto.10' (3 m) - 15' (4.6 m) Note: Some chord and web members B2PERM11x17 20070103 of States America. United the Printed in publishers. the of permission form the written without any in not be reproduced may thereof or any part This guide Reserved. Institute. Rights All Plate Industry Components Building Structural Truss Representing the and – 2004-2007Copyright © WTCA 608/274-4849 • www.sbcindustry.com 703/683-1010 • www.tpinst.org max. not shown for clarity. Building Components 2004-2009© Structural Copyright Trusses. PlateWood Connected of Metal Bracing & Restraining Installing, Handling, for Practice BCSI Good to Guide – Information Safety 2008B1of of Buildinginthe EditionSection Component provided the information summarizes This document B2Temp 090123 Trusses Revise estos documentos parathe trusses at the jobsite. Unload trussesB1WARN11x17 090318 to Structural rigid ceiling Sheathing 4 BCSI Hojas Resumen ara que usted tenga un entendimiento Understand the importance Armazones Hastiales vea el ' smallHOjA RESUMEN groups DE LA GUÍA DEof BUENA trusses PRÁCTICA PARA (i.e., EL MANE jOthree, INSTALACI ÓorN, RESTRICCI less).ÓN Y ARRIOSTREAttach DE LOSthe TRUSSES RESTRICCIÓN/ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE DE LAS CUERDAS Y LOS MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS (2007 EDICIÓN) B4ConstLoad 20061205 el Manejo, Instalación, t o. tabla en¡ADVERTENCIA el Paso! 2mejor en de los componentes la provispágina- t of these guidelines 2.and the steps BCSI-B2 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B2 c Restricción y Arriostre de Vanos más de 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, siempre consulte a un Profesional Registrado de Diseño. Clay Tile – Teja de Arcilla 3-4 tiles – 3-4 azulejos Repeat diagonal NO sobrecargue pequeños grupos o trusses individuales. . m tos para el trabajo. necessary to keep safe and get  6' los Trusses BCSI-B4 SUMMARY SHEET RESUMEN BCSI-B4 1 o.c ax. smooththe job done right.surface to prevent damage. 0' o 2. PERMANENT8 BRACING FOR THE BOTTOM. CHORD PlANE * Iq Take off, summary lateral Urge all workers restraint to follow these & diagonal brace to each web member resumen BCSI-B3*** m Comprenda la importancia de es- ' ayudarán en hacer t Use proper rig- Use equipo apropiado o. sheet or bill of Lading t WARNING Trusses that are not properly braced per BCSI or .c proper handling and installation  To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/jobsitecs. . c ax tas pautas y las medidas necesar- m . m .* Descontar, Hoja de guidelines. Examine the building, the building’s structural framing system, bearing locations and related installation conditions. Begin compobraces- for each ax. ax Resumen o Cono- ias para mantener seguro y hacer FOR DESIGN RESPONSIBILITIES SEE REVERSE * 2. ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE.* PARA El PlANO DE lA CUERDA INFERIOR cimiento de Embarque thatInste a todosthey trabajadores cross. Ela contratistael trabajo correctamente. tiene la responsabilidad de Note: Limit stacking periods to approximately one week, unless alternative information is provided by sigan estas pautas del manejo e ging and hoisting para levantar e NEVER stack materials near a peak or at mid-span. q Truss Placement Diagram instalación apropiada. ≈45° • No se muestra Diagrama de la el arriostre de tierra para claridad. set of 4 trusses. su trabajo rápidau - Colocación de Truss Restricciónrecibir, lateral descargary arriostre diagonaly almacenar también adecuadamente puede ser usado con grupos pequeños de trusses nent installation only after any unsatisfactorythe Building Designer, conditions Truss Designer have been or Truss corrected. Manufacturer. Do not cut, modify or repair components. Report sheathed are not able to resist lateral impact loads associated  Use rows of continuous lateral restraint with diagonal bracing, gypsump board sheathing or rigid q additional information Note: Ground bracing not shown for clarity. NUNCA amontone los materiales cerca de un pico. to Información Adicional equipment. improvisar. TRUSS PlATE INSTITUTE T Typical 80 rus up ' Structural Building s ceiling. to • Aplique inmediatamente Components Association(ej. tres o losmenos). trussesel Arriostre Sujete en la restricciónobra. Diagonal Descargue lateral o el y losEntabladoel arriostre trusses diagonalen la a cada miembro secundario 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 218 N. Lee St., Ste. 312 • Alexandria, VA 22314 Repita los arri- sp up 60 6300 Enterprise Ln ans to ' Madison, WI 53719 doN’T overloadany damage the trusses. before installation. with falls. A falling worker attached to an inadequately braced set up to 4 608/274-4849 Review all the information provided in the JOBSITE PACKAGE Revise toda la información provista en el PAQUETE DE OBRA para 5' mente, sin peligro, 608/274-3329 (fax) que los cruzan. 608/274-4849 • www.sbcindustry.com Diagonal 703/683-1010 • www.tpinst.org Place loads over as many trusses as possible. 3 Use filas de restricción lateral continua con arriostre diagonal, entablado de yeso o techo rigído. www.sbcindustry.com tierra liso para prevenir el daño. TRUSSES UPLateral TO 30' (9.1 m) sotres diagonales  0 Copyright © 2011 Structural Building Components Association. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publishers and should appear in more than one color. Printed in the United States of America. Building the Structural Representing – WTCA 2004-2008 Copyright Trusses. Connected Wood Plate of Metal Bracing & Restraining Installing, Handling, for BCSI to Good Practice – Guide Information in Section B3 of the 2008 Edition Building Component Safety provided the information This document summarizes ' Top Chord Temporary Estructural (structural sheathing). Para tramos más de 60 pies el Properly restrain and brace trusses before No sobrecargue los trusses. TRUSSESRestraint HASTA 30 PIES Bracing B3WEB11x17 080828 para cada grupoof trusses Coloquecould cause las tocargas ensure all sobrethe compliancepreviously tantos trusses setwith como trusses industry sea to recommendations. collapse Property asegurarse que están de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Lateral yRestraint con precisión. método preferido es entablarlos inmediatamente. The enclosed documents are offered as minimum guidelines only. Nothing containedstacking construction in this jobsite materials package on them. should be construed Standard JoBSITE PACkAgE shown de 4 trusses. in a dominoposible effect.. damage, serious bodily injury and/or death are possible industria. Daño a propiedad, herida seria y/o muerte son posibles in any manner as expanding the scope of responsibilityAttach of, or 2)imposing WEB MEMBER any additionalPLANE — PLANO liabilities DE LOS on, MIEMBROS the component SECUNDARIOS manufac- N 10' o.c. when handling and installing trusses without following the cuando manejar e instalar trusses sin siguiendo las recomendaciones RESTRICCIóN/ARRIOSTRE PERMANENTE DE lAS CUERDAS Y lOS MIEMBROS SECUNDARIOS  Position loads over load bearing walls. CHECk THESE ITEMS BEFORE STARTINg ERECTION/INSTALLATION ANd CORRECT AS NEEdEd turer. max. Diagonal ¡ADVERTENCIA! Coloque Loslasrecommendations cargas entramados sobre las paredesque presented no soportantes. están in correctamente the JOBSITE PACKAGE. This is presentados en del PAQUETE DE OBRA. Especialmente cuando REvISE ESTOS PUNTOS ANTES dE EMPEZAR LAVanos ERECCIÓN/INSTALACIÓN más de 60 pies Y puedenCORRÍJALOS requerir CUANdO arriostreES NECESARIO permanente complejo. Por favor, siempre consulte a un Profesional de Diseño Registrado. This Package contains: bracing apuntaladosALTERATIONS segúnparticularly BCSI — ALTERACIONESo forrados true when no puedenworking resistir with trusses cargas 60’ de and greater in length.Truss bracing not trabajar con trusses de 60 pies de largo o más. Take these Steps to Protect Yourself & Your Workers: LATERAL RESTRAINT Web members shown for clarity.  Building dimensions match theEste construction paquete documents. contiene:  Trusses are the correct dimension. ADVERTENCIA: El manejo, almacenamiento, instalación, restricción y arriostre diagonal de componentes impacto lateral asociadas con caídas. Un trabajador que sufra una TRUSSES UP TO 60' (18.3 m) & DIAGONAL BRACING Refer to BCSI-B5.*** gin installing Trusses only after any unsatisfactory conditions Las dimensiones del edificio concuerdan con los documentos de construcción.Tome estas Los medidastrusses son la paradimensión protegerse correcta. usted mismo y sus colaboradores: TRUSSESestructurales HASTA 60 PIES de construcción requieren entrenamiento especializada, procedimientos claramente implementados y planificaron caída y queVea esté el resumenProperty acoplado BCSI-B5 damage, a un .***conjunto serious de entramadosbodily injury que and/or no death are possible DANGER DoDaño not walk a propiedad, on unbraced herida trusses. seria, y/o muerte son posibles cuando q Truss Design Drawings Structural ARE VERY IMPORTANT  Bearing supports (e.g., walls, columns, headers, beams, etc.) are accurately  Tops of bearing Trusses supports may beare unloaded flat, level directly and on at the the ground correct y comunicación clara entre el contratista, operador de grúa, y los obreros de instalación. El manejar e instalar los componentes when trusses are improperly handled, installed, restrained and/or los trusses son manejados, instalados, restringidos y/o arriostrados G at the time of delivery or stored temporarily in Sheathing estén apuntalados DO NOT cut,adecuadamente alter, or drill any podría structural provocar member que of a los truss entra unless- Dibujos del Diseño de elevation. ¡LA RESTRICCIÓN ¡PELIGRO! No camine sobre entramados no apuntalados. and securely installed, plumb and properly braced. contact with the ground after delivery. If trusses sin entrenamiento suficiente, planificación y comunicación adecuadas aumenta la probabilidad de un accidente que resulta en braced. Installation of trusses can be dangerous, particularly long incorrectamente. La instalación de los trusses especialmente los DO NOT everyone store fromNO almacene possible TRUSSES UP TO AND OVER 60' (18.3 m) B4ConstLoad 081021 mados fijadosspecifically previamente permitted se by colapsen the truss condesign un drawing. efecto dominó. Los soportes que sostienen cargas Truss (ej., paredes, columnas, vigas de cabezera, Review La parte these superior documentsare tode be los stored soportes horizontally so de cojinete for more thanson Protectoneplanas, LATERAL Y EL B11Fall 111006

t TRUSSES HASTA Y SOBRE 60 PIES t unbraced bundles verticalmente los dareo a propiedad, herida seria o muerte. span trusses. Use the following checklist when handling and erecting trusses de vanos largos puede ser peligroso. Use la siguiente lista t vigas, etcétera) son instalados seguramente y con precisión, y son nivelados y you will haveniveladas a ybetter a laweek, elevación placeunderstand blocking correcta. of sufficient- heightt beneathaccidents from improper handling. NO corte, altere o perfore ningún miembro estructural de un truss, upright. trusses sueltos. ARRIOSTRE a menostrusses. que esté específicamente permitido en el dibujo del diseño de verificación cuando se manejan o se levantan los trusses. arriostrados apropiadamente.q bcsi summary sheets the stack of trusses at 8’ (2.4 m) to 10’ (3 m) Antes de la instalación de componentes, los documentos adjuntos deben ser examinados y difundidos a todo el personal apro- ing of the Jobsite components is cleanon-center and neat, supplied (o.c.). and free of obstructions. TEMPORARYBCSI-B4 RESTRAINT SUMMARY &SHEET BRACING DIAGONALRESUMEN BCSI-B4 del truss. BCSI-B11 SUMMARY SHEET Hangers, tie-downs, restraint andfor bracing Handling, materials iarenstalling, on site and La obra está limpia, ordenada y sin obstrucciones.Proteja todos de accidentes Bottom chords r Inspect the trusses at the time of delivery and after r Examine los trusses cuando se los entreguen y después de  Los trusses pueden ser descargados directamente piado, además del entrenamiento pertinente y un claro entendimiento del plan de instalación, de todo requisito aplicable de la for the job. RESTRICCIÓN Y ARRIOSTRE TEMPORAL SON MUY Trusses that have been overloaded during construction or altered without the Truss accessible. Restraining & bracing en el suelo en aquel momento de entrega oposibles por el manejo incorrecto. protección contra la caída y de los requisitos previstos de arriostre y restricción. La instalación de trusses más de 60 pies installation for: la instalación para: ! Diagonal braces Manufacturer’s prior approval may render the Truss Manufacturer’s limited warranty null and void. Los colgadores (hangers), soportes de anclaje (tie-downs) y materiales  Ground bracingalmacenados procedure temporalmente for first truss en iscontacto based con on el site IMPORTANTES! Trusses Revise estos documentos para Refer to BCSI-B2de largo*** for es more muy peligrosa. Consulte a unTop Profesional Chord Temporary de Diseño Registrado. every 102011_B11 truss spaces Summary Sheet 111006.indd 1 (1) Conformance with the Truss Design Drawings 12/6/2011 1:39:11 PM and building configuration.suelo después de entrega. Si los trusses estarán Trusses que se han sobrecargado durante la construcción o han sido alterados sin la autorización (1) Conformidad con los Dibujos de Diseño del Truss de restricción y arriostre están accesibles en la obra. information. Lateral Restraint 20' (6.1 m) max. BCSI Hojas Resumen ara que usted El procedimiento tenga unguardados entendimientode Arriostre horizontalmente de Tierra para para más elde primerunaUnderstand the importance 10' (3 m) - 15' (4.6 m) max. Same spacing previa del Fabricante(2) Dislodged/missing de Trusses, pueden hacer connector nulo y sin plates efecto la garantía limitada del Fabri- (2) Placas de conexión fuera de lugar o perdidas Erection/installation crew is aware of installation plan and lateral semana, ponga bloqueando de altura suficiente Examine la estructura, el sistema armazón estructural(TCTLR) de edificio, ubicaciones de soporte e las condiciones de instalación cor-  t Vea el resumen BCSI-B2*** para más infor- as bottom chord lateral restraint Note: Some chord and web members cante de Trusses. el Manejo, Instalación, truss es basado en el terreno y la configuraciónt delof these guidelines and the steps 2x4 min. (3) Cracked, dislodged or broken members restraint/diagonal bracing requirements. mejor de los componentesdetrás de la pila provisde los trusses- a 8 hasta 10 pies mación. respondientes y comenzar con la instalación de los componentes sólo después de haber corregido toda condición insatisfactoria. (3) Miembros rotos, descolocados o partidos Restricción y Arriostre de edificio. en centro (o.c.). not shown for clarity. (4) Any other damage that may impair the structural El personal de erección/instalación es consciente del plan de instalación tos para el trabajo. necessary to keep safe and get 3) BOTTOM CHORD — CUERDA INFERIOR *** (4) Cualquier otro daño que pueda perjudicar la integridad  Locate ground bracesNo forcorte, first trussmodifique directly ni repare los componentes y informe cualquier daño descubierto antes de proceder a la instalación. Contact the Component Manufacturer integrity for ofmore the information trusses or consult a Registered Design Professional for assistance. y los requisitos de restricción/arriostre. los Trusses  For trussesInterior stored for more than one week, cover in line with all rows of top chord temporary To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/b1. estructural de los trusses. bundles to protect from the environment.If ground level the is too job far done right. Lateral Restraints - 2x4x12' or from truss for exterior lateral restraint (seeLos table documentos in the next column). adjuntos se ofrecen solamente como directrices mínimas. Nada de lo incluido en este paquete debe interp- NOTE: The truss manufacturer and truss designer rely on the presumption that the contractor and crane operator (if applicable) are Multi-ply trusses, including girders,q are correctly fastened together prior to greater lapped over two trusses. professionals with the capabilityNotify to undertakeyour componentthe work they have agreedmanufacturer to do on any given ifproject. truss If the contractorrepairs believes are it needs  Take off, summary Urge all workers Para to trusses follow guardados these por más de una semana, DO NOT store on NO almacene en tierra Avise el fabricante de los componentes si reparaciónes al ground bracing,Comprenda use la importancia de es- Coloque los arriostres de tierra para el primer ≈90° assistance in some aspect of the construction project, it should seek assistance from a competent party. The methods and procedures lifting into place. t retarse de manera que exceda el alcance de la responsabilidad del fabricante de componentes, ni en forma tal que imponga needed. After installation, if damage to the trusses is discovered

t cubra los paquetes para protegerlos del ambiente. sheet or bill of Lading proper handling and installation interior ground bracing. uneven ground. desigual. truss directamente en línea con cada una de outlined in this document are intended to ensure that the overall construction techniques employed will put the trusses into place SAFELY. truss son necesarios. Después de la instalación, si daño a los Los trusses de varias capas, incluyendo travesaños, son fijados juntos cor- tas pautas y las medidas necesar- responsabilidades adicionales sobre éste. Bottom These recommendationsthat for handling, could installing,weaken restraining them, and temporarily bracing trusses arebrace based orupon support the collective the experience trusses of leading Refer to BCSI*** for more detailed information las filas de restricción lateral temporal de la personnel involved with truss design, manufacture and installation, but must, due to the nature of responsibilities involved, be presented trusses está descubierto que pueden debilitarlos, arriostre o soporte rectamente antes de levantarlos enDescontar, lugar. Hoja de guidelines. chords pertaining to handling and jobsiteSi el nivelstorage del of iasterreno para es mantener seguro y hacer cuerda superior (vea la tabla en la próxima Brace first truss only as a GUIDE for useto by prevent a qualified buildingfurther designer damage or contractor. and It makeis not intended sure that the these area recommendations remains beclear interpreted as Resumen o Cono- *** securely before superior to the building designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and bracing trusses and it does not preclude the los trusses temporalmente para prevenir más daño y asegúrese Any truss damage is reported to truss manufacturer. Refer to BCSI-B5. trusses. demasiado lejos para columna). use of other equivalent ofmethods plumbing, for restraining/bracing electrical, and providingmechanical stability for runs, the walls, etc. columns, until floors, the roofs field and repairsall the interrelated  el trabajo correctamente. erection of additional Do not install damaged trusses unlesscimiento instructed de toEmbarque do so by the building Inste a todos trabajadores a usar Arriostre de Tierra structural building components as determined by the contractor. Thus, WTCA and TPI expressly disclaim any responsibility for damages que el área queda libre de tuberías, las componentes eléctricas o Vea el folleto BCSI*** para información más detal- DO NOT walk on trusses. arising from the use, application,have been or reliance properly on the recommendations completed. and information contained herein. sigan estas pautaslada del sobre manejo el manejo y almacenado e exterior, de losuse trusses Arriostre mecánicas, etc. hasta que todos los reparaciónes son completados designer, truss designer or truss manufacturer. Exterior unbraced trusses. have been corrected. q Truss Placement Diagram de Tierra interior. en área de trabajo. Diagonal braces every 10 DO NOT cut, drill, relocate or add any truss member or metal correctamente.America. of UnitedStates the in Printed color. one than more in appear should document This publishers. the of permission written withoutthe form any in reproduced be not may thereof part any or guide This reserved. Allrights Institute. Plate Truss and BuildingIndustry Components Algún daño a los trusses ha sido reportado al fabricante de trusses. Vea el instalación apropiada. NO camine en trusses *** Diagrama de la truss spaces 20' (6.1 m) max. connector plate until you have received instructions from your resumen BCSI-B5. No instale trusses dañados a menos que se dijeren el sueltos. NO corte, perfore, reubique o añada ningún miembro del truss Colocación de Truss component manufacturer. TRUSS PLATE INSTITUTE diseñador del edificio, el diseñador del truss o el fabricante del truss. 10' (3 m) - 15' (4.6 m) Note: Some chord and web members 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 218 N. Lee St., Ste. 312 • Alexandria, VA 22314 o conector de metal hasta que haya recibido instrucciones del 608/274-4849 • www.sbcindustry.com 703/683-1010 • www.tpinst.org max. not shown for clarity. r Protect trusses from weather, corrosion, lateral bending, q additional information B1WARN11x17 080828 fabricante Structural the Representing – WTCA 2004-2008 © Copyright Trusses. ConnectedPlateWood of Metal Bracing & Restraining Installing, Handling, for BCSIPractice Good to Guide – Information in Section B1 of the 2008 Edition BuildingSafety Component provided the information This document summarizes de componentes. B2Temp 080506 damage and deterioration when stored at the jobsite. When Información Adicional r Proteja los trusses del clima, de la corrosión de torceduras HOjA RESUMEN DE LA GUÍA DE BUENA PRÁCTICA PARA EL MANEjO, INSTALACIÓN, RESTRICCIÓNtrusses Y ARRIOSTRE are stored at the site, use DE blocking, LOS stringers, TRUSSES pallets, laterales, daño y deterioros cuando los guarda en la obra. ¡ADVERTENCIA! platforms or other means of support to keep the trusses off of BCSI-B2 SUMMARY StructuralSHEET Building RESUMEN BCSI-B2 Vanos más de 60 pies pueden requerir arriostre permanente complejo. Por favor, siempre consulte a un Profesional Registrado de Diseño. Cuando trusses son guardado en sitio, use bloqueados, paletas, Components Association the ground or in a braced upright position to avoid damage. plataformas u otros tipos de soporte para almacenarlos fuera 6300 Enterprise Ln r Carefully review the Truss Design Drawings, the Truss de la tierra o en posición vertical para evitar que se dañen. Madison, WI 53719 Placement Diagram and all JOBSITE PACKAGE documents 608/274-4849 r los Dibujos de Diseño del Truss, el To view a non-printing PDF of this document, visit www.sbcindustry.com/jobsitecs. prior to handling and installing trusses. Revise cuidadosamente 608/274-3329 (fax) Diagrama de Instalación de trusses y todos los documentos del r Examine the building, the building’s structural framing www.sbcindustry.com for Design responsibilities see reverse PAQUETE DE OBRA antes de manejar e instalar los trusses. Copyright © 2011 Structural Building Components Association. All rights reserved. This document may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publishers and should appear in more than one color. Printed in the United States of America. Copyright © 2002-2007 WTCA – Representing the Structural Building Components Industry All Rights Reserved. TTBHIBCHECK-070126 2011 JOBSITE Framer Flyer FINAL.indd 1 12/6/2011 2:36:03 PM q Review all the information provided in the JOBSITE PACKAGE to Revise toda la información provista en el PAQUETE DE OBRA para Properly connect all beams and components that support ensure compliance with industry recommendations. Property damage, asegurarse que cumplen con las recomendaciones de la industria. serious bodily injury and/or death are possible when handling and Daño a propiedad, herida seria y/o muerte son posibles cuando Trusses prior to installing the Trusses. installing trusses without following the recommendations presented in manejar e instalar trusses sin siguiendo las recomendaciones the JOBSITE PACKAGE. This is particularly true when working with presentados en del PAQUETE DE OBRA. Especialmente cuando trusses with clear spans 60’ and greater. trabajar con trusses de 60 pies de largo o más. q Girder Trusses may consist of more than one Truss. Review Use the following checklist when handling and erecting trusses. Use la siguiente lista de verificación cuando se manejan o se levantan r Inspect the trusses at the time of delivery and after los trusses. the Truss Design Drawings to determine the proper number installation for: r Examine los trusses cuando se los entreguen y después de la (1) Conformance with the Truss Design Drawings instalación para: of plies and the correct attachment methods to be used at the (2) Dislodged/missing connector plates (1) Conformidad con los Dibujos de Diseño del Truss (3) Cracked, dislodged or broken members (2) Placas de conexión fuera de lugar o perdidas (4) Any other damage that may impair the structural (3) Miembros rotos, descolocados o partidos jobsite. integrity of the trusses. (4) Cualquier otro daño que pueda perjudicar la integridad Notify the truss manufacturer if truss repairs are needed. estructural de los trusses. After installation, if damage to the trusses is discovered that Avise el fabricante de trusses si reparaciónes al truss son could weaken them, temporarily brace or support the trusses to necesarios. Después de la instalación, si daño a los trusses está q Use a Spreader Bar 1/2 to 2/3 of the Truss Span for Trusses prevent further damage and make sure the area remains clear descubierto que pueden debilitarlos, arriostre o soporte los trusses of plumbing, electrical, mechanical runs, etc. until the required temporalmente para prevenir más daño y asegúrese que el área over 30' and less than 60' and 2/3 to 3/4 of the Truss Span repairs have been properly completed. queda libre de tuberías, las componentes eléctricas o mecánicas, DO NOT cut, drill, relocate, add or remove any truss member etc. hasta que todos los reparaciónes requeridas son completados or metal connector plate until you have received instructions from correctamente. for Trusses up to and over 60'. the truss manufacturer. NO corte, perfore, reubique, añada o quita ningún miembro del r Protect trusses from weather, corrosion, lateral bending, truss o conector de metal hasta que haya recibido instrucciones damage and deterioration when stored at the jobsite. When del fabricante de trusses. q Install Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing in accordance trusses are stored at the site, use blocking, stringers, pallets, r Proteja los trusses del clima, de la corrosión de torceduras platforms or other means of support to keep the trusses off the laterales, daño y deterioros cuando los guarda en la obra. ground or in a braced upright position to avoid damage. Cuando trusses son guardado en sitio, use bloqueados, paletas, with the guidelines in the JOBSITE PACKAGE to prevent r Carefully review the truss design drawings (TDD) and the truss plataformas u otros tipos de soporte para almacenarlos fuera de placement diagram (TPD) if/when provided by contract, and all la tierra o en posición vertical para evitar que se dañen. JOBSITE PACKAGE documents, prior to handling and installing r Revise cuidadosamente los dibujos de diseño del truss (TDD), el Trusses from toppling during installation. Erect Trusses us- trusses. diagrama de instalación de trusses (TPD) si está provisto, y todos r Examine the building, the building’s structural framing los documentos del PAQUETE DE OBRA antes de manejar e ing the design spacing indicated, keeping the Trusses vertical system, bearing locations and related installation conditions. instalar los trusses. r Examine el edificio, el sistema del armazón estructural, las and parallel to one another. Anchor Trusses securely at bear- Copyright © 2002-2014 Structural Building Components Association. All Rights Reserved. TTBHIBCHECK-140905 ing points. Space Trusses no more than plus or minus 1/4"

2014 Checklist HIB FINAL.indd 1 9/11/2014 2:35:01 PM from Truss Placement Diagram location. Review all the information provided in the JOBSITE PACKAGE to q Refer to the Construction Documents or the Truss Placement ensure compliance with industry recommendations. Diagram (if/when required by Contract) for the hanger locations. Property damage, serious bodily injury and/or death are possible Hangers shall be correctly attached. Refer to hanger manufac- when Trusses are improperly handled, installed, restrained and/or turer’s specifications for installation information. braced. Installation of Trusses can be dangerous, particularly long q Install all Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint or mem- span Trusses (i.e., Trusses with clear spans 60’ and greater). Use ber reinforcement depicted on the Truss Design Drawings. the following checklist when handling and erecting Trusses: q Comply with the Owner’s, or the Owner’s retained Registered q Inspect the Trusses at the time of delivery and after installa- Design Professional’s Permanent Building Stability Bracing, An- tion for: chorage, Connections and field assembly requirements. This information is typically provided in the Construction Documents. (1) Conformance with the Truss Design Drawings (2) Dislodged/missing connector plates q Install Structural Sheathing as soon as possible. Trusses hold (3) Cracked, dislodged or broken members their profiles best when they have been properly plumbed, re- (4) Any other damage that may impair the structural integrity strained and braced with Structural Sheathing. Sheath early... of the Trusses sheath often! Notify the Truss Manufacturer if Truss repairs are needed. q During construction, distribute material and equipment loads After installation, if damage to the Trusses is discovered that (e.g., plywood, drywall, roofing, tools, etc.) on the Trusses to could weaken them, temporarily brace or support the Truss- stay within the limits of the carrying capacity for each Truss. es to prevent further damage. Make sure the area remains Make sure the Trusses are adequately restrained and braced clear of plumbing, electrical, mechanical runs, etc. until the BEFORE placing any Construction Loads on them. Only install required repairs have been properly completed. HVAC units, fire sprinklers, etc., on Trusses if the Trusses ix Building Component Safety Information

have been designed to accommodate these specific loads. The following information is required in the Construction Docu- Review the Truss Design Drawings for the assumed loads ments for developing the design of the Trusses for the Building: and locations. q All Truss and Structural Element orientations and locations NOTE: Temporarily braced structures are NOT suitable for use or occupancy. Restrict access to construction personnel only. DO q Information to fully determine all Truss profiles NOT inhabit or store anything of value in temporarily braced struc- q All Structural Element and Truss support locations and bearing tures. conditions (including the allowable bearing stress)

Building Designer INFORMATION q The location, direction, and magnitude of all dead, live, and lateral Loads applicable to each Truss including, but not limited The following information is provided to help guide the Building to, Loads attributable to: roof, floor, partition, mechanical, fire Designer when using Trusses. sprinkler, attic storage, rain and ponding, wind, snow (including snow drift and unbalanced snow), seismic, and any other There are two situations under which building construction is per- Loads on the Truss. formed: q All Anchorage designs required to resist uplift, gravity, and lat- 1. Structures that require a Registered Design Professional (RDP) eral loads

2. Structures that Do Not require a RDP q Truss-to-Structural-Element Connections, but not Truss-to- Truss Connections For Structures that require a RDP, the Building Designer is defined as: q Permanent Building Stability Bracing, including Truss Anchor- age Connections to the Permanent Building Stability Bracing The Registered Design Professional who contracts with the Owner for the design of the Building Structural System and/ q Criteria related to serviceability issues including: or who is responsible for the preparation of the Construction Documents. q Allowable vertical, horizontal or other required deflection criteria For Structures that Do Not require a RDP, the Building Designer is defined as: q Any dead Load, Live Load and in-service creep deflection criteria for flat roofs subject to ponding loads The Owner of the Building or the person that contracts with the Owner for the design of the Building Structural System q Any Truss camber requirements and/or who is responsible for the preparation of the Con- q Any differential deflection criteria from Truss-to-Truss or struction Documents. Truss to adjacent structural member

Building Designer CHECKLIST q Any deflection and vibration criteria for floor Trusses including:

Required Information in the Construction Documents q Any strongback bridging requirements

Be sure to specify the following in the Construction Documents: q Any dead Load, Live Load, and in-service creep deflection criteria for floor Trusses supporting stone q Trusses with clear spans of 60' or greater require that the or ceramic tile finishes Owner contract with a Registered Design Professional for the design of the Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing and q Moisture, temperature, corrosive chemicals and gases the Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint/Bracing. expected to result in: q Trusses with clear spans of 60' or greater require that the q Wood moisture content exceeding 19 percent Owner contract with a Registered Design Professional to provide special inspections to assure that the Temporary Instal- q Sustained temperatures exceeding 150 degrees F, lation Restraint/Bracing and the Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint/Bracing is installed properly. q Corrosion potential from wood preservatives or other sources that may be detrimental to Trusses

x Building Component Safety Information

Method of Restraint The method of Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint/ Bracing and the method of Anchoring or restraining to prevent lateral movement of all Truss members acting together as a system shall be accomplished by: q Standard Industry Details - Standard industry Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing details in accordance with BCSI-B3: Per- manent Restraint/Bracing of Chords and Web Members and/ or BCSI-B7: Temporary and Permanent Restraint/Bracing of 3x2 and 4x2 Parallel Chord Trusses of the Building Component Safety Information (BCSI). q Substitution with Reinforcement - Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint shall be permitted to be replaced with reinforcement designed to prevent buckling (e.g., buckling reinforcement by T-Reinforcement or L-Reinforcement, proprietary reinforcement, etc.). q Project-Specific Design - A project-specific Truss member Permanent Lateral Restraint/Bracing design for the roof or floor Framing Structural System shall be permitted to be specified by the Building Designer or any Registered Design Professional.

The method of Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint and Diagonal Bracing for the Truss Top Chord, Bottom Chord and web members shall be permitted to be specified by any Registered Design Professional.

If a specific Permanent Bracing design for the roof or floor Fram- ing Structural System is not provided by the Owner or any Reg- istered Design Professional, the method of Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint and Diagonal Bracing for the Truss Top Chord, Bottom Chord and web members shall be in accordance with BCSI-B3 and/or BCSI-B7.

Note: This section on Method of Restraint is based on the provisions for wood Trusses as provided in Section 2303.4 of the 2015 International Building Code® (IBC®). The text provided here is taken directly from Section 2.3.3.1 of ANSI/TPI 1-2014, Na- tional Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Construction.

xi Building Component Safety Information

acronyms and initialisms

BCTLR: Bottom Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint

BCPLR: Bottom Chord Permanent Lateral Restraint

BCSI: Building Component Safety Information

BCSI B Series Summary Sheet: Building Component Safety Information Series Summary Sheet

CLB: Continuous Lateral Brace

CLR: Continuous Lateral Restraint

O.C.: On-center (spacing)

OSHA: Occupational Safety & Health Administration

PBSB: Permanent Building Stability Bracing

PCT: Parallel Chord Trusses

PITMR: Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint

PSF: Pounds per Square Foot

RDP: Registered Design Professional

SBCA: Structural Building Components Association

TCTLR: Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint

TDD: Truss Design Drawing

TPD: Truss Placement Diagram

TPI: Truss Plate Institute

xii BCSI-B1

GUIDE FOR HANDLING, INSTALLING, RESTRAINING & BRACING OF TRUSSES

In order to properly receive, store, erect, brace, connect and The registered design professional in responsible charge shall integrate the Trusses into the Framing Structural System, it is be responsible for reviewing and coordinating submittal docu- necessary to have a complete understanding of the Submittal ments prepared by others, including phased and deferred sub- Documents for the project. Submittal Documents typically in- mittal items, for compatibility with the design of the building. clude, but are not limited to: 1603.1 General. Construction documents shall show the size, • the Construction Documents (i.e., architectural/structural plans section and relative locations of structural members with floor and specifications) levels, column centers and offsets dimensioned. The design loads • the Truss Submittal Package, which includes: and other information pertinent to the structural design required • the Truss Design Drawings (TDD) by Sections 1603.1.1 through 1603.1.8 shall be indicated on the • the Truss Placement Diagram(s) (if/when required by construction documents. the Contract) • this BCSI document and/or B-Series Summary Sheets (when IRC provided) R106.1 Submittal documents. Submittal documents consisting • the erection and installation plan (if provided) of construction documents, and other data shall be submitted in • site-specific conditions two or more sets with each application for a permit. The construc- The 2015 IBC and IRC include general provisions for the typical tion documents shall be prepared by a registered design profes- submittal process in Sections 107 and R106, respectively. Some sional where required by the statutes of the jurisdiction in which of the more pertinent subsections include, in part: the project is to be constructed. Where special conditions exist, the building official is authorized to require additional construction IBC documents to be prepared by a registered design professional.

107.1 General. Submittal documents consisting of construction Exception: The building official is authorized to waive the documents, statement of special inspections, geotechincal report submission of construction documents and other data not and other data shall be submitted in two or more sets with each required to be prepared by a registered design professional permit application. The construcion documents shall be prepared if it is found that the nature of the work applied for is such by a registered design professional where required by the statutes that reviewing of construction documents is not necessary of the jurisdiction in which the project is to be constructed... to obtain compliance with this code.

107.2 Construction documents. Construction documents shall R106.1.1 Information on construction documents. Con- be in accordance with Sections 107.2.1 through 107.2.6. struction documents shall be drawn upon suitable material. Electronic media documents are permitted to be submitted 107.2.1 Information on construction documents. Construc- where approved by the building official. Construction docu- tion documents shall be dimensioned and drawn upon suit- ments shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate the location, able material. Electronic media documents are permitted to nature and extent of the work proposed and show in detail be submitted where approved by the building official. Con- that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant struction documents shall be of sufficient clarity to indicate laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as determined by the the location, nature and extent of the work proposed and building official. show in detail that it will conform to the provisions of this code and relevant laws, ordinances, rules and regulations, as R106.1.2 Manufacturer’s installation instructions. Manu- determined by the building official. facturer’s installation instructions, as required by this code, shall be available on the jobsite at the time of inspection. 107.3.4 Design professional in responsible charge. Where it is required that documents be prepared by a registered de- R106.3.3 Phased approval. The building official is authorized sign professional, the building official shall be authorized to to issue a permit for the construction of foundations or any require the owner or the owner’s authorized agent to engage other part of a building or structure before the construction and designate on the building permit application a registered documents for the whole building or structure have been sub- design professional who shall act as the registered design mitted, provided that adequate information and detailed state- professional in responsible charge... ments have been filed complying with pertinent requirements 1 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

of this code. The holder of such permit for the foundation TEMPORARY INSTALLATION RESTRAINT/BRACING or other parts of a building or structure shall proceed at the holder’s own risk with the building operation and without as- Trusses are not marked in any way to identify the frequency or surance that a permit for the entire structure will be granted. location of Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing.

R106.4 Amended construction documents. Work shall be in- All Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing shall stalled in accordance with the approved construction documents, comply with the recommendations and options as described and any changes made during construction that are not in compli- herein and/or in the latest edition of the individual B-Series ance with the approved construction documents shall be resub- Summary Sheets that are referenced. mitted for approval as an amended set of construction documents. The Construction Documents are critical for understanding how the PERMANENT INDIVIDUAL TRUSS MEMBER RESTRAINT building is to be built. The Construction Documents shall be readily available on the jobsite and only the approved set shall be used. Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint (PITMR) shall be un- dertaken in accordance with BCSI-B3 or the Building Designer’s Per- All of the care and quality involved in the design and manufacture manent Building Stability Bracing (PBSB) plan, which must include of Trusses is jeopardized if the Trusses are not properly handled, all Bracing that is considered part of the lateral force resisting system hoisted, installed, restrained and braced. for the entire Building. The PBSB is Bracing that transfers forces due to gravity, seismic, wind, and/or other external lateral forces, as well WARNING The consequences of improper handling, erecting, as collected forces caused by the restraint of members subject to installing, restraining and Bracing can result in a collapse of the buckling, into the shear walls, foundation or other lateral force resist- structure, which, at best, is a substantial loss of time and ma- ing systems that are provided for the Building. terials, but can also result in serious injury and/or loss of life. The majority of Truss accidents occur during Truss installation Some standard industry restraint and Bracing details are included and not as a result of improper design or manufacture. in BCSI-B3 and on the SBCA website at sbcindustry.com where several DXF/DWG details are provided to aid in tending to the wide variety of field situations that arise and to provide greater unifor- mity of detailing.

The locations for attaching Continuous Lateral Restraint (a type of PITMR) to individual compression members of a Truss are provided on the TDD. Bracing such as Diagonal Bracing is required for the Continuous Lateral Restraint (CLR) to prevent the simultaneous buckling of the series of Truss members to which the CLR is attached. Permanent Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing are required for proper performance of individual Trusses within the roof or floor system. Permanent Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing shall provide sufficient support at right angles to the plane of the Truss to hold every Truss member in the position assumed for it to Photo B1-1 properly carry the applied design loads. If properly planned, the Prior to Truss erection/installation, it is strongly recommended Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing applied during Truss that the Contractor involved with the erection/installation of the installation can be used as permanent Lateral Restraint and Di- Trusses meet with the erection/installation crew and crane op- agonal Bracing, making the completion of the permanent Lateral erator for a safety and planning meeting; making sure each crew Restraint and Diagonal Bracing more efficient. member understands his or her roles and responsibilities during the erection/installation process. Finally as indicated in Section 2303.4.4 of the 2015 IBC, the Reg- istered Design Professional (RDP) (or where there is no RDP, the CAUTION Exercise care when removing banding and han- Building Designer [see Chapter 2 of ANSI/TPI 1]) is responsible for dling Trusses to avoid damaging Trusses and prevent injury. the proper transfer of design Loads and the Anchorage design of Wear personal protective equipment for the eyes, feet, hands each Truss to the supporting structure. When the flow of Loads has and head when working with Trusses. been accounted for and all the Load resisting systems for the Build- ing have been adequately designed, constructed and installed, the structural framing for the Building is complete.

Figure B1-1 2 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

SPECIAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS  Proper banding and smooth ground allow for unloading of Truss bundles without damage. Trusses should be unloaded Special design requirements, such as wind Bracing, portal Brac- as close to the Building site as possible to minimize handling. ing, seismic Bracing, Diaphragms, shear walls, or other Load Use care to not damage Trusses with the forks transfer elements and their Connections to Trusses shall be con- of the forklift. sidered separately by the Building Designer, who shall determine the size, location, and method of Connections for all Bracing as Do not break banding until erection/installation begins. needed to resist these forces. Do not drag or push Trusses along ground. UNLOADING & LIFTING Do not lift banded Trusses by the banding. Do not store unbraced bundles upright. Avoid Lateral Bending (See Figure B1-5, page 4.)

 Beginning with the unloading process, and throughout all phases of construction, exercise care to avoid LATERAL BENDING of Trusses, which can cause damage to the lumber and Metal Connector Plates. Figure B1-2  Due to treatment effects, fire retardant treated Trusses require PHOTO B1-4 special care when handling to prevent chord and web member breakage. Limit exposure to the elements per manufac- Do not store Trusses on uneven ground. turer’s recommendations.

JOBSITE HANDLING

 Make sure Trusses in a bundle are securely connected together prior to moving.

Do not rely on banding to securely transfer bundles on the jobsite. PHOTO B1-5  Banded Truss bundles, in a vertical position, should be picked up along the Top Chords.   If Trusses are stored vertically, they shall   be braced in a manner that will prevent tipping or toppling. Spreader bar for Truss

Photo B1-2 PHOTO B1-3 PHOTO B1-6 CAUTION Exercise care when removing banding to avoid damaging Trusses and prevent personal injury. Gloves and safety glasses should be worn. Spreader Bar for Truss  Trusses may be unloaded directly on the ground at the time of delivery or stored temporarily in contact with the ground after delivery. If Trusses are to be stored horizontally for more than one week, place Blocking of sufficient height beneath the stack of Trusses on 8' to 10' intervals (or as required) to minimize Lateral Figure B1-3 Bending and to lessen moisture gain from the ground (See Figure 3 B1-4, page 4). BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

Trusses stored for more Responsibility than one week shall be protected from the environment Crane equipment and use should comply with OSHA standards in a manner that provides and, unless agreed to expressly through Contract, is the responsi- adequate ventilation of the bility of the crane operator and/or Contractor. All OSHA standards Trusses. If tarpaulins or other referred to in this document can be found on the OSHA website at Figure B1-4 protective covers are used, osha.gov/cranes-derricks/index.html. the ends shall be left open for ventilation. Tight-fitting coverings Key Considerations are not recommended, since they can trap moisture. • Always obtain the correct crane size; never exceed load capacity. Avoid Lateral Bending • Always properly stabilize the crane onsite.  Trusses are relatively deep, narrow Structural Building Com- • Always use proper rigging equipment. ponents that are extremely flexible if bent perpendicular to • Use special hoisting equipment as needed. See hoisting recom- their plane. Use care when handling Trusses to limit the mendations for Truss bundles (page 6) or single Trusses (page 8). amount of Lateral Bending, which can cause damage to the • Crane operator and ground crew need to know basic hand sig- lumber and/or plates. nals (see examples in Figure B1-6, page 5).

Examples of Lateral Bending to be minimized when handling Trusses Crane Size (red line added to illustrate deviation from plane) Crane size should be determined with consideration for both size and weight of the Trusses to be hoisted, as well as the total dis- Plan View tance from the crane footing location(s) to the farthest point of Truss delivery. Crane equipment, load capacity, and use should comply with OSHA standards [Subpart CC, 29 CFR 1926.1400]. This standard requires the crane user to comply with the equipment manufacturer’s specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of the crane. It also states that when the manufacturer’s specifications are not available, equipment limitations should be determined and documented by a Registered Design Professional competent in this field.

Crane Setup & Inspection

It is essential the crane is properly stabilized, physical obstructions to movement are accounted for, and proximity of electrical power lines is known. The crane footing area should be level, firm, properly graded, free from obstruction, and drained to prevent settling and tipping.

Outriggers should always be extended and used in accordance Figure B1-5 with crane manufacturer’s recommendations. Place blocking under outrigger pads to spread the load to the ground over a larger CRANE USE & PROPER TRUSS HANDLING area to prevent the pad from sinking. The relationship between the weight of the load, the angle of the boom, and the hoisting A common method for hoisting Trusses into place is to use a process shall be considered to prevent tipping. Consult the crane crane and rigging. Inadequate or improperly used hoisting equip- manufacturer’s load and angle information prior to hoisting. ment can result in damage to Truss members and/or connector plates. This section provides very basic guidelines to help avoid When uncertain about proper crane setup, consult a qualified Reg- this type of damage. istered Design Professional competent in this field to ensure setup complies with the standards established by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers [ANSI/ASME B30.5-2014].

As required by OSHA standard [Subpart CC, 29 CFR 1926.1412- 1413], all crane and rigging equipment should be inspected regu- larly by a competent individual to ensure everything is in proper working order and that any worn or defecitve parts are repaired or replaced. Equipment and worksite inspections should adhere to Spreader Bar used is too short for this Truss. PHOTO B1-8 the latest “Mobile Crane Inspection Guidelines for OSHA Compli- PHOTO B1-7 ance Officers” published by OSHA. 4 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

Load Positioning & Movement All rigging equipment and use should comply with OSHA regulations [Subpart CC, 29 CFR 1926.1425], which provides guide- Position the load to be hoisted as close to the Building site as pos- lines on safe working loads permitted for the different types of sible to minimize hoisting distance. Load movement using crane rigging equipment. This standard also requires regular inspection equipment and rigging should comply with OSHA regulations of all rigging equipment by a competent individual and replace- [Subpart CC, 29 CFR 1926.1417]. ment or repair of damaged or defective parts.

Check Truss bundle banding prior to moving Hoisting Trusses bundles. Avoid Lateral Bending when hoisting Trusses (see DO NOT rely on banding to hoist and move bundles on the Figure B1-7). jobsite.

Rigging Equipment

Use materials such as slings, chains, cables and nylon straps of sufficient strength to carry the weight of the Truss or Truss bundle. Use slings, taglines and Spreader Bars properly to avoid damage to the Truss members and Connections.

Figure B1-7

Figure B1-6

5 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

Do not lift single Trusses by the peak using a hook as shown in Figure B1-8A, as this can cause damage to the chords,  Webs and/or Truss Plates.



FIGURE B1-8A FIGURE B1-8B FIGURE B1-8C

Do not lift single Trusses by the Webs as shown in Figure B1-8B, as this will cause Lateral Bending in the Truss and damage to the Truss Plates and web member.

Connect lifting devices to the Truss Top Chord with only closed-loop attachments (see Figure B1-8C). Refer to the section entitled “Mechanical Hoisting Recommendations for Single PHOTO B1-9 Trusses” beginning on page 8 for additional information regard- Recommendations for Hoisting Truss Bundles ing the correct hoisting methods for single Trusses of various span lengths. Determine the weight of the Truss bundle. The actual unit weight of a Truss depends on many factors including the A Spreader Bar used to hoist a Truss shall be of suf- size and species of lumber, the moisture content of the lum- ficient strength and rigidity to carry the weight and to resist ber and the Truss configuration. A good rule to estimate the bending of the Truss. Spreader Bars should comply with de- weight of the bundle is to use 15 pounds per foot of Truss sign specifications established by ASME [ANSI/ASME B30.5- length times the number of Trusses in the bundle. 2014] and prescribed by the equipment manufacturer. Know the crane’s capacity. Do not lift bundles that Special Considerations weigh more than the crane’s capacity, which varies consider- • Use special care in adverse weather conditions. Buildings un- ably with the length and angle of the boom. der construction become more dangerous when constructed in • Before lifting, inspect the banding to make sure it is secure and high-wind conditions. Lightning can also pose a serious risk. It intact. Never use the banding to lift the bundles. is the responsibility of the crane operator or Contractor to recognize adverse weather conditions and take prompt and appro- • If a large bundle is made of several smaller bundles, break the priate action to ensure safety. large bundle bands and lift the smaller banded bundles one at a time. • Avoid using a crane in close proximity to electrical power lines unless the power has been disconnected by the local power company [OSHA: 29 CFR 1926.1407-1411].

• If you are using a crane within five miles of an airport, contact the airport 30 days prior to crane use to learn about any required safety regulations [FAA: 14 CFR Part 77].

HOISTING & PLACEMENT OF TRUSS BUNDLES

Trusses that have been banded securely together to form a bundle are stiffer than single Trusses; therefore, hoisting recommendations for bundles are different as there is less likelihood of damage due to out-of-plane bending (see Photo B1-9).

PHOTO B1-10

6 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

• Lift points for hoisting Truss bundles are permitted anywhere • Take additional precautions if Truss bundles cantilever over along the chords. outside walls. Do not cantilever the bundle more than 1/3 the • A single lift point is acceptable for bundles with Top Chord Pitch overall length of the Trusses. Use extra caution when removing Trusses that are no more than 45' in length (see Photo B1-11) banding of cantilevered bundles. and Parallel Chord Trusses that are no more than 30' in length.  

PHOTO B1-11 PHOTO B1-13 • Use at least two lift points for bundles with Top Chord Pitch Trusses up to 60' (see Photo B1-12) and Parallel Chord Trusses • Take extra care with bundles of shallow or vaulted Trusses, which up to 45' in length. can bend excessively if they are not adequately supported.



PHOTO B1-12 • Use at least three lift points for bundles with Top Chord Pitch Trusses greater than 60' and Parallel Chord Trusses greater than 45'. PHOTO B1-14 • Follow the recommendations for proper crane use, tag lines, and all rigging equipment as described in this document. Spe- • Bundles placed vertically shall be adequately braced or sup- cial care shall be taken in the choice of rigging equipment to ported to prevent toppling. In Photo B1-15, the crew used a prevent damage to the Trusses. second-story wall for support. • Place Truss bundles in their most stable configuration or securely support by temporary means to ensure the safe removal of banding and installation of individual Trusses.  • Use care to position Truss bundles so that the supporting structure is not overloaded. • Support each bundle with as many exterior and interior walls as possible. • All walls shall be adequately braced and capable of supporting the weight of the bundle. Install additional studs or full-height T-Reinforcement to existing studs, if necessary, in the vicinity of the bundle.

PHOTO B1-15 7 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

Do not stand on Truss overhangs until Structural Sheathing has been applied to the Truss and overhangs.

• Do not stand on flat Truss bundles once they are placed on top of walls. 60° or less • Remove banding carefully and proceed with Truss erection and Bracing.

Up to 1/2 Truss length MECHANICAL HOISTING RECOMMENDATIONS Tagline FOR SINGLE TRUSSES For Trusses up to 30'

 Use the erection equipment to safely hold the erected Truss FIGURE B1-10B in position until such time as all Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) has been installed and the Trusses are se- TRUSSES UP TO 60': For single Trusses between 30' and 60', use curely fastened to all bearing points assumed in the design. a Spreader Bar 1/2 to 2/3 of the Truss length. Attach Truss to the Spreader Bar with lines that slope inward or “toe-in,” as shown. Using a single pick-point at the peak can damage the Truss. CAUTION Lines that “toe-out” can cause the Truss to buckle.

Spreader Bar

Toe-in Toe-in

Spreader Bar 1/2 to 2/3 Truss length FIGURE B1-9 Tagline For Trusses up to 60'

The Contractor should provide adequate rigging FIGURE B1-11A (crane, forklift, slings, taglines, Spreader Bars) for sufficient control during lifting and placement to assure safety to personnel and to prevent damage to Trusses and property. Spreader Bar Slings, taglines, and Spreader Bars should be used in a man- Toe-in Toe-in ner that will not cause any damage to the Metal Connector Plates and Truss lumber. Lifting devices should be connected to the Truss Top Chord with only a closed loop attachment Spreader Bar 1/2 to utilizing materials such as slings, chains, cables or nylon 2/3 Truss length straps of sufficient strength to carry the weight of the Truss. Tagline For Trusses up to 60'

Avoid Lateral Bending (see Figure B1-5, page 4). FIGURE B1-11B

TRUSSES UP TO 30': For single Trusses up to 30', use a minimum of two pick-points near Top Chord joints spaced up to 1/2 the TRUSSES UP TO AND OVER 60': For single Trusses over 60', use Truss length apart. Keep line angle to 60° or less. a Spreader Bar 2/3 to 3/4 of the Truss length. The Spreader Bar prevents Lateral Bending and should be attached to Top Chords and Webs at 10' intervals. Locate the Spreader Bar at or above mid-height of the Truss to prevent overturning.

60° or less Design the Spreader Bar of any material with sufficient strength and rigidity to carry the weight and to resist bending of the Truss. If in doubt, seek professional guidance.

Up to 1/2 Truss length Tagline For Trusses up to 30' 8 FIGURE B1-10A BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

Attach to Truss at Spreader Bar Locate 10' o.c. or Stiffback above max. mid-height

Spreader Bar 2/3 to 3/4 Truss length Tagline

For Trusses up to and over 60'

FIGURE B1-12A

FIGURE B1-14 Attach to Truss at Spreader Bar 10' o.c. or Stiffback max. RESTRAINT/BRACING MATERIAL & CONNECTIONS

CAUTION Inadequate size and/or fastening of Bracing material is a major cause of erection dominoing. Spreader Bar 2/3 to 3/4 Truss length Minimum size of lumber used as Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Tagline Bracing is 2x4 stress-graded lumber, unless another size is speci- For Trusses up to and over 60' fied by the Building Designer.

FIGURE B1-12B Minimum Nail Size 10d (0.128x3") 12d (0.128x3.25") INSTALLATION OF SINGLE TRUSSES BY HAND 16d (0.131x3.5") table b1-1 figure b1-15  Lifting by hand is allowed, provided excessive Lateral Bend- See note below for number of nails. ing is prevented (see Figure B1-5, page 4).  Minimum nail size in Table B1-1 applies for all Lateral Re-  Trusses with spans less than or equal to 20’ can be raised straint and Diagonal Bracing members (except when end- into position by lifting near the peak. grain nailed [see BSCI-B2, Option 2, page 24], which require minimum 16d deformed-shank nails [i.e., ring- or screw- shank]).

• Use at least 2-10d (0.128x3"), 2-12d (0.128x3.25") or 2-16d (0.131x3.5") nails into each Truss for both Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing members.

• Drive nails flush, or use double-headed nails for easy removal.

FIGURE B1-13

 Trusses with spans less than or equal to 30’ should be raised into position by lifting at Top Chord joints nearest the quarter points of the span.

9 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

BEGINNING THE ERECTION/ GROUND BRACE - INTERIOR (See BCSI-B2) INSTALLATION PROCESS (see BCSI-B2)  Where the height of the Building or ground conditions prohibit  It is important for the Contractor to provide substantial Brac- Bracing from the exterior, stabilize the first Truss with Ground ing for the first Truss erected. Trusses making up the rest Bracing attached to the interior at the floor level, provided of the first set are tied to the first Truss and rely upon it for the floor is capable of supporting the Ground Bracing forces. stability. Likewise, after this first set of Trusses is adequately Install the first Truss near the middle of the Building and brace Diagonally Braced, the remaining Trusses installed rely on similar to Exterior Ground Bracing shown below. Restrain and this first set for stability. Performance of the Truss Bracing Diagonally Brace the first set of Trusses before removing system depends to a great extent on how well the first set of Ground Braces and setting remaining Trusses. Trusses is restrained and braced. Temporary support wall (or interior partitions) (see BCSI-B2) GROUND BRACE - EXTERIOR Second through fifth Trusses  Exterior Ground Bracing ties the first set of Trusses off to a series of braces that are attached to stakes driven into Ground Lateral the ground and securely anchored. The Ground Brace itself Restraint should be restrained and braced as shown in Figures B1-16 and 17 or it is apt to buckle. Additional Ground Braces, placed inside the building in the opposite direction, are also recommended.

 Locate Ground Braces for the first Truss directly in line with all rows of Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR).

Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint End ≈45° (TCTLR) Diagonal Ground Brace Brace Diagonal 2x4 min. Ground Second Brace strut floor

≈90° Second floor system shall have First floor adequate capacity to support Ground Braces. FIGURE B1-16 FIGURE B1-18

Brace first Truss securely before Ground Brace erection of additional Trusses. Diagonal

Bearing for Trusses Ground Lateral Restraint

Ground Brace strut

Driven Note: End Diagonal Brace not shown for clarity ground Ground Bracing Connections should use a min. 2-16d (0.135x3.5") nails clinched. stake FIGURE B1-17 10 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

INSTALLATION TOLERANCES  The spacing of Trusses along bearing support must be within +/- 1/4" of plan dimension. Field conditions that force spac- Out of Plumb ing beyond this tolerance shall be reviewed and approved by the Building Designer and Truss Designer. D/50 D (ft.) 1/4" 1' RESTRAINT/BRACING WARNINGS 1/2" 2' Do not walk on unbraced Trusses. Plumb 3/4" 3' Depth, D line 1" 4' 1-1/4" 5' 1-1/2" 6'

D/50 max 1-3/4" 7' 2" ≥8' FIGURE B1-19 table B1-2 FIGURE B1-21 Note: The tolerances shown apply to Trusses in their permanently set position and assume the Top Chords are adequately restrained and braced by the diaphragm. Do not walk on Trusses or Gable End Frames lying flat. Max. bow

Length

Length Max. bow

Max. bow Length FIGURE B1-20 FIGURE B1-22 Out of Plane  Top Chord bearing flat or Do not stand on Truss overhangs until Structural Sheathing Parallel Chord Trusses Max. Bow Truss Length (feet-inches-sixteenths) has been applied to the Truss and overhangs. shall be installed so that 3/4" 12-6-0 the gap between the in-  All anchors, hangers, tie-downs, seats, and bearing ledgers side edge of the bearing 7/8" 14-7-3 that are part of the supporting structure shall be accurately and the first diagonal or 1" 16-8-6 and properly placed and permanently attached before Truss vertical web member erection/installation begins. Do not install Trusses on an- 1-1/8" 18-9-10 does not exceed 1/2" (see chors, hangers, tie-downs, seats or bearing ledgers that have Figure B7-3, page 59). 1-1/4" 20-9-10 temporary Connections to the supporting structure. Properly connect the Truss to each support.  Compliance with 1-3/8" 22-10-13 installation toler- 1-1/2" 25-0-0 WARNING The structure is not structurally sound, stable or ances is critical to 1-3/4" 29-2-6 safe until all the hardware, restraints and Bracing are properly achieving an accept- 2" ≥33-3-10 installed. able roof or floor line, AND TO ACCOM- table B1-3 PLISHING EFFECTIVE WARNING LATERAL RESTRAINT BRACING. Setting Trusses within tolerance the first time pre- & DIAGONAL BRACING ARE vents the need for the hazardous practice of re-spacing or ad- VERY IMPORTANT! justing Trusses when Structural Sheathing or Roof Purlins are installed. Leaning or bowing Trusses can result in nails that SEE BCSI-B2 FOR ADDITIONAL miss the Top Chords when Structural Sheathing is applied, and RESTRAINT/BRACING OPTIONS. create excessive cumulative stresses on the Bracing, which can lead to Bracing failure and Truss dominoing.

11 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

TEMPORARY INSTALLATION RESTRAINT/BRACING Top Chord of Supported Truss (in blue) Diagonal Bracing* (in red) REQUIREMENTS FOR THE VARIOUS PLANES Top Chord of Lateral Supporting Truss Restraint* OF A ROOF TRUSS (in tan) (in green)

 Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing must be applied to ALL of the following planes of the Trusses to ensure stability: Lateral Restraint & Diagonal Bracing for Top Chord of supporting Truss FIGURE B1-23 directly beneath supported (Cap) Truss** 1) Top Chord Plane (roof plane) *Note: Refer to Table B1-4 and Figures B1-24A and B1-24B for spacing of Temporary Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing on the sloped Top Chords of 2) Web Member Plane (sloping or vertical plane perpendicu- the supported and supporting Truss. lar to Trusses) **Note: Refer to TDD and Figure B3-47 on page 52 for spacing of permanent 3) Bottom Chord Plane (ceiling plane) Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing, respectively, on the flat portion of the supporting Truss or as specified in the Construction Documents.

CAUTION It is critical to install Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Maximum Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint Spacing Bracing for the Top Chord and Web Member Plane immediately to prevent out-of-plane buckling of the Truss. Truss Span Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) Spacing 1) TOP CHORD TEMPORARY INSTALLATION RESTRAINT/BRAC- Up to 30' 10' on-center maximum ING is the most important step for the Contractor. Truss Top 30' - 45' 8' on-center maximum Chords are susceptible to lateral buckling. See BCSI-B2 for more information. 45' - 60' 6' on-center maximum 60' - 80' * 4' on-center maximum The top chord Lateral Restraint and Diagonal  *Consult a Registered Design Professional for Trusses longer than 60'. Bracing approach provided below applies to all Table b1-4 sloping chord Trusses, scissors Trusses, 2x_ parallel chord Trusses and piggyback Trusses. WARNING Exact spacing between Trusses should be main- Note: 2x_Trusses with depths less than 1/15th of the span at tained as the Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing is in- any location away from bearings require more complex Tem- stalled to avoid the hazardous practice of trying to remove porary Installation Restraint/Bracing. Consult a Registered this material to adjust spacing. This act of “adjusting spac- Design Professional. ing” can cause Trusses to topple if the restraint and Bracing is disconnected at the wrong time.

TCTLR spacing per Table B1-4 Lateral Restraints - 2x4x12' or greater lapped over two Trusses ≤45° typ.

TCTLR spacing Diagonal Braces every per Table B1-4 10 Truss spaces (20' max.)

Short Member FIGURE B1-24a Temporary Lateral Restraint options on page 24.

Ground Bracing not ≤45° typ. shown for clarity

Refer to BCSI-B3 for Gable End Frame Bracing Repeat Diagonal Braces for each set of four Trusses FIGURE B1-24B 12 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

2) WEB MEMBER PLANE requires temporary/permanent Diago- 3) BOTTOM CHORD TEMPORARY LATERAL RESTRAINT nal Bracing, such as shown in Figures B1-25 and 26, which is (BCTLR) AND DIAGONAL BRACING is required to maintain on- critical in preventing Trusses from leaning or dominoing. Install center spacing for the Bottom Chord and to laterally “stiffen” the 2x_ Diagonal Bracing on Web members (vertical Webs whenever group of Trusses. Place Continuous Lateral Restraint and Diagonal possible), at or near Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint. Structural Bracing on top of the Bottom Chord (Figures B1-27 and 28). This Sheathing can be substituted. See BCSI-B2 for additional infor- material can be removed after the permanent ceiling Diaphragm is mation pertaining to Web Member Plane Temporary Diagonal in place or remain to become part of the Permanent Building Stabil- Bracing and BCSI-B3 for information pertaining to Permanent ity Bracing (PBSB) system. Restraint and Bracing for the Web Member Plane. BCTLR TCTLR per Table B1-4 Bottom Chord Diagonal Bracing Lateral Restraint Diagonal Bracing

Bottom Chord FIGURE B1-27 Apply Diagonal Bracing to Webs that are near the Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint. See “Important Note” on page 14 for spacing of Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint. Diagonal FIGURE B1-25 Bracing

Web members

Note: Some chord and Web members Bottom not shown for clarity. Chords Diagonal Braces every 10 Truss spaces (20' max.)

10'-15' max. Same spacing Lateral Restraints - 2x4x12' or as Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint greater lapped over two Trusses See IMPORTANT NOTE at the right. or CLR splice FIGURE B1-26 reinforcement

Webs that require Continuous Bottom  Chords Lateral Restraint (CLR) must also be Diagonally Braced for rigidity. Install Diagonal Brac- ing along the same Web Mem- ber Planes that require CLR. Refer to the Truss Design Draw- Diagonal Braces every 10 Truss spaces (20' max.) ings to determine which webs, if any, require CLR. Installing the CLR and Diagonal Bracing 10'-15' max.** as Trusses are installed saves FIGURE B1-28 CLR splice reinforcement time. Truss Member 2x_ CLR Note: Web members that require more than one row of CLR shall Minimum 2' 2x_ Scab block centered over SECTION A-A CLR splice. Attach to CLR with minimum have the CLRs and Diagonal 8-16d (0.135x3.5") nails each side of Bracing installed as the Trusses splice or as specified by the Building are installed. Designer A A Truss 13 Member BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

**IMPORTANT NOTE: Install Bottom Chord Temporary Lateral WARNING: LATERAL RESTRAINT Restraint (BCTLR) in rows no more than 15' on-center (o.c). In- & DIAGONAL BRACING ARE stall Bottom Chord Permanent Lateral Restraint (BCPLR) at the spacings specified in the TDD and Construction Documents. The VERY IMPORTANT! maximum on-center spacing of permanent Lateral Restraint is 10' but can be less if required by the TDD and/or Building De- See BCSI-B2 for additional information. signer.

 Connect end of restraint to end wall. Add Diagonal Bracing at RESTRAINT AND BRACING 3X2 & 4X2 PARALLEL each end and every 10 Truss spaces (20' maximum). CHORD TRUSSES  Long spans, heavy loads or Truss spacings greater than 2' o.c. often require closer spacing of Lateral Restraint and Diagonal  3x2 and 4x2 Parallel Chord Truss Top Chords can be Laterally Bracing. Consult the Building Designer or BCSI-B10. Restrained and Diagonally Braced as provided in Figure B1-29 through B1-33. See also BCSI-B7 for additional information.

ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF TEMPORARY  NOTE: End diagonals, with TCTLR or Ribbon (band) board, INSTALLATION RESTRAINT/BRACING blocking panels, or rim board as specified by the Building Designer, are essential for stability and must be installed  Alternate proprietary methods of Temporary Installation Re- on both ends of the Truss System and repeated every 15 straint/Bracing are available. See manufacturer’s specifications. Truss spaces (30' maximum). See Figures B1-30, 31, 32 and 33. Diagonal Bracing 10' or 15'* Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 15 Truss spaces (30')

Apply Diagonal Brace to vertical Webs at end of cantilever and at interior and exterior All Lateral Restraints bearing locations. lapped at least two Trusses. FIGURE B1-29 See NOTE above and Figures B1-30, 31, 32 and 33. *Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint spacing shall be 10' o.c. max. for 3x2 chords and 15' o.c. for 4x2 chords.

Top Chord Temporary Lateral Ribbon board with Restraint with Diagonal Brace Diagonal Brace

FIGURE B1-32 FIGURE B1-30

FIGURE B1-31 Blocking panel FIGURE B1-33 Rim board

14 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

CONSTRUCTION LOADING Don’t drop loads of any material on Trusses. Truss damage from the impact is possible even if the weight of the material Construction materials shall be distributed properly. See also  is small. BCSI-B4 for additional information.  Always stack materials over two or more Trusses. Do not proceed with construction until all Lateral Restraint and Bracing is securely and properly in place. Never overload small groups or single Trusses. Position load over as many Trusses as possible. Do not exceed stack Don’t stack materials on unbraced Trusses. depths in Table B1-5, unless alternative information is provided by the Building Designer or Truss Manufacturer.

FIGURE B1-38

FIGURE B1-34  Place material next to outside Load bearing wall or directly Never stack materials near a peak or at the center of a span over interior Load bearing wall.

 Position stacks of materials flat with the longest dimension perpendicular to the Trusses as shown in Figure FIGURE B1-39 B1-39.

FIGURE B1-35 Maximum Stack Height for Material on Trusses1, 2 Material Height Gypsum Board 12" Plywood or OSB 16" FIGURE B1-36 Asphalt Shingles 2 bundles Concrete Block 8" Clay Tile 3-4 tiles high table B1-5

1. This table is based on Trusses designed with a Live load of 40 psf or greater. For other loading conditions, contact a Registered Design Professional. FIGURE B1-36 2. Stack heights assume short-term duration of Load. Install stacks of materials Never stack materials on the cantilever or overhang of a as quickly as possible. Truss. Note: Heavy roofing tile, such as clay or stone slate, is often “dry- stacked” on the roof for a period of time to allow the roof/ceiling assembly time to “settle” before the finished ceiling is installed. Limit stack heights to those provided in Table B1-5 and stacking periods to approximately one week, unless alternative information is provided by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer.

FIGURE B1-37 Cantilever

15 BCSI-B1: Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses

Never cut, alter or drill any structural member of a Truss GENERAL NOTES unless specifically permitted by the Truss Design Drawing.  For additional guidance concerning Bracing design, refer to DSB-89, Recommended Design Specification for Temporary Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses.

DISCLAIMER: The Truss Manufacturer and Truss Designer rely on the presumption that the Contractor and crane operator are professionals and that he/she has the capability to undertake the work they have agreed to do on any given project. If the Contractor FIGURE B1-40 believes he/she needs assistance in some aspect of the construction project, he/she should seek assistance from a competent party. The methods and procedures outlined in this document are  Any field modification that involves the cutting, drilling, or re- intended to ensure that the overall construction techniques em- location of any structural Truss member or Truss Plate shall ployed will put the Trusses into place SAFELY. These recommen- not be done without the approval of the Truss Manufacturer dations for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses or a Registered Design Professional. are based upon the collective experience of leading personnel in-  Trimming Top Chord overhangs to length is considered a part volved with Truss design, manufacture and installation, but must, of normal erection and is permitted. due to the nature of responsibilities involved, be presented only as a GUIDE for use by a qualified Building Designer or Contractor. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as su- ADDITIONAL NOTES perior to the Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses and it does not preclude the use of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and Errors in Building lines and/or dimensions, or errors providing stability for the walls, columns, floors, roofs and all the by others (i.e., uneven bearing elevations, walls not parallel, interrelated Structural Building Components as determined by the etc.), shall be corrected by the Contractor BEFORE erection/ Contractor. Thus, SBCA, TPI and those who participated in the installation of Trusses begins. development of this guide expressly disclaim any responsibility Non-Load bearing walls can transfer loads, if large for damages arising from the use, application, or reliance on the construction Loads are applied above them. This can cause recommendations and information contained herein. deflection problems in the floors below.

Under industry guidelines, Trusses that have been field altered at the jobsite or overloaded during the construction phase will render your Truss Manufacturer’s limited warranty null and void. Check your Truss Manufacturer’s limited warranty for specific information.

16 BCSI-B2

TRUSS INSTALLATION & TEMPORARY RESTRAINT/BRACING COMMENTARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS For Trusses spaced up to 2'-0" on-center and up to 80'-0" in length.

WARNING The erection of Trusses is inherently dangerous on handling and installing Trusses. Every project has different site and requires, above all, careful planning and communica- conditions that can have a specific affect on the erection process. tion between the Contractor, crane operator and installa- Before the first Truss is erected, every individual on the erection tion crew. Depending on the experience of the Contractor, crew, including the crane operator, needs to understand the instal- it is strongly recommended that a meeting be held with all lation plan and the intended Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing onsite individuals involved in the lifting/hoisting, installing requirements for a safe, efficient and accident-free jobsite. and restraint/Bracing operations to review the provisions of: WHAT NOT TO DO: Fail to install Diagonal Bracing.

• the Construction Documents (i.e., architectural/structural plans and specifications) • the Truss Submittal Package, which includes: • the Truss Design Drawings (TDD) • the Truss Placement Diagram(s) (if/when required by the Contract) • this BCSI book and/or B-Series Summary Sheets (when provided) • the erection and installation plan (if provided) • site-specific conditions and issues • OSHA jobsite lifting and fall protection requirements (see BCSI-B11)

DANGER! Disregarding handling, installing, restraining photo b2-1 and Bracing safety recommendations is the major cause of Truss erection/installation accidents. Ignoring an unsafe  Always Diagonally Brace for Safety! condition or action will greatly increase the probability of an accident resulting in property damage, serious personal injury and/or death.  Proper Truss erection, installation, restraint and Bracing requires an understanding of Triangulation within and between the various planes of the Truss (i.e., Top Chord, Bottom Chord and Web). It is critical to note that all Lateral Restraints must be braced. Lateral Restraint by itself is not adequate to resist the buckling forces in the members to which it is attached without the rigidity provided by Bracing. Bracing is typically provided by adding Diagonal Brac- ing within the same plane of the Lateral Restraint or by anchoring the Lateral Restraint to a lateral force resisting member such as a shear wall. This understanding is essential for a safe installation. photo b2-2 The Contractor shall be familiar with general Bracing concepts as discussed in the documents referenced above. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as superior to the  At end of each work day make sure the installed trusses Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, are restrained and diagonally braced, at a minimum, in restraining and Bracing Trusses, and it does not preclude the use accordance with the recommendations provided in this of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and providing document. stability for the walls, columns, floors, roof and all the interrelated Structural Building Components as may be determined by the Contractor. The Contractor is also responsible for the proper and safe lifting of the Trusses. See BCSI-B1 for additional commentary 17 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE STARTING  11. Is the Building configuration such that the first set of Trusses can be stabilized by tying them off to the Build- Prior to starting the erection/installation process, there are several ing structure (existing or new) itself? Particular attention checks that are the responsibility of the Contractor. These include: shall be paid to the adequacy of the wall Bracing if this technique is chosen.  1. Is there a complete set of Building Designer-approved Con- struction Documents on the jobsite?  12. Is the roof a hip style? For hip style roofs, use the crane to lift and hold the Girder Truss while the end jacks are  2. Is the Building the correct size? Are all as-built dimensions installed to brace the Girder Truss. This eliminates the need the same as those depicted in the Construction Docu- for Ground Bracing the first Truss, assuming all hardware ments? If not, corrective actions shall be taken prior to and hangers are properly installed prior to the crane releas- Truss installation. ing the Girder Truss. Properly attaching the Girder Trusses and jack Trusses at their bearing points and permanently  3. Are all the Load bearing supports (e.g., walls, columns, restraining and Diagonally Bracing this assembly will pro- headers, beams, etc.) plumb and properly braced? Stop- vide a rigid framework to which subsequent Trusses can ping in the middle of the Truss installation to straighten and be restrained and braced. brace these supports is dangerous. DANGER! Truss spacers are for spacing only! Never use DANGER! Having an inadequately braced support system the commercially available non-structural metal fold-out buckle during the erection process will cause property dam- single unit spacer products for Truss LATERAL RESTRAINT. age, personal injury and/or death. Truss spacers are not intended as structural members and are insufficient as Lateral Restraint and Bracing of any kind.  4. Are all bearing supports accurately and securely installed at Approved Proprietary Metal Restraint/Bracing Products are the locations shown on the Construction Documents? If not, acceptable. Property damage, personal injury and/or death corrective actions shall be taken prior to Truss installation. are possible if this warning is not heeded.  5. Are the tops of all bearing supports at the correct elevation? Uneven bearing surfaces are a major cause of Truss unevenness, and can cause costly delays and/or repairs. Check and correct bearing wall deficiencies prior to starting the Truss erection process.

 6. Are the bearing supports straight along their length, and parallel where they should be parallel? If not, corrective action shall be taken prior to Truss installation. Truss spacers are insufficient as Example of a non-structural Lateral Restraint and Bracing. metal fold-out spacer.  7. Are the delivered Trusses the right size? Check Trusses for photo b2-3 figure b2-1 dimensions and damage as soon as they arrive on the site to avoid possible installation delays. GENERAL SAFETY REMINDERS

 8. Are all required hangers, angle clips, tie-downs, and re- Before starting, here are some general safety reminders: straint/Bracing materials onsite and located where they will be readily accessible when needed? Obtain all materials 1. Brief all members of the erection/installation crew as to the or parts prior to starting the Truss erection process. Do installation plan and the intended Lateral Restraint and Diagonal not attempt to “make do” without all required materials. Bracing requirements. Jobsite safety has no room for shortcuts. 2. If possible, fasten together all multi-ply Trusses, including Girder Trusses, per the TDD prior to lifting into their assumed positions  9. Is the jobsite clean and neat with scraps and trash from the on the Building (see BCSI-B9). construction process removed or in designated areas away 3. Check all Trusses for damage (see BCSI-B5) prior to, during from the work area? Truss erection typically involves bring- and after the erection/installation process. Do not install dam- ing the Trusses in overhead with the assistance of a crane. aged Trusses unless specifically instructed on how to do so by Worker attention is often directed upward even while moving the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer. around. A clean jobsite will help to avoid trips and falls. Brace all rows of Lateral Restraint with Diagonal Brac-  10. Have the appropriate Ground Bracing techniques for the ing. Lateral Restraint alone is not adequate without the added first Truss been determined? Steeply sloping site terrain rigidity of Triangulation provided by the Diagonal Bracing. or upper-level Truss installations usually warrant using an Interior Ground Brace scheme, as Exterior Ground Brace WARNING Property damage, bodily injury and/or death are Diagonals get exceedingly long and require substantial possible when Trusses are improperly handled, installed, re- Bracing themselves. strained and/or braced. Installation of Trusses can be dangerous, particularly Long Span Trusses in excess of 60'. 18 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

SUMMARY OF THE EIGHT STEPS IN  STEP 2. Determine the on-center spacing of Top Chord Tem- THE TRUSS INSTALLATION PROCESS porary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) (see Table B2-1, page 20).

 STEP 1. Establish Ground Interior  STEP 3. Set first Truss (or Gable End Frame) and fasten se- Bracing procedure, interior curely to Ground Bracing verticals using minimum 2-16d or exterior. (0.135x3.5") nails clinched at each junction, and to the wall, or as directed by the Building Designer. Install Truss straight, If ground level is too far from plane and plumb, as each subsequent Truss will have a ten- Truss for Exterior Ground Brac- dency to follow the shape of this first Truss. ing, use Interior Ground Bracing. The use of Ground Brace Verticals alone, attached Exterior to the end wall, is not considered good construction practice and is not permitted. figure b2-2

Typical attachment of vertical Typical attachment of and Diagonal Bracing and Lateral Ground Brace vertical Restraint to Truss to end wall Ground Brace Diagonal First Truss (or Gable End Frame) of braced Blocking - fasten to studs Ground Brace group of Trusses Lateral Diagonal Restraint Ground Brace vertical

Truss Ground Ground Brace Vertical Lateral End wall Side view Elevation view Driven ground Restraint stake Ground Brace vertical note: USE min. 2x4 stress-graded Strut lumber connected with min. 2-16d Side Elevation Backup ground (0.135x3.5") nails at each junction Horizontal view view FOR RESTRAINT AND BRACING MATERIAL. stake End Diagonal tie member Brace with multiple stakes

figure b2-3 - exterior Ground Bracing to first Truss installed (see Ground Bracing page 92)

Typical attachment of vertical and Diagonal Bracing and Lateral Restraint to Truss First Truss of braced Ground Brace Diagonal group of Trusses

Lateral Ground Brace Restraint Vertical

Ground End Brace Truss Diagonal Diagonal Brace Ground Brace Vertical Side view Elevation view Ground note: USE min. 2x4 stress-graded Lateral Second floor Horizontal tie member attached to floor. lumber connected with min. 2-16d Restraint (0.135x3.5") nails at each junction Note: Second floor system FOR RESTRAINT AND BRACING MATERIAL. shall have adequate capacity to First floor support forces from Ground Braces.

figure b2-4 - interior Ground Bracing to first Truss installed (see Ground Bracing page 92)

19 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

 STEP 4. Set Trusses 2, 3, 4 and 5 with TCTLR in line with DETAILS OF THE EIGHT-STEP Ground Bracing. Attach securely at all bearings, shimming TRUSS INSTALLATION PROCESS bearings as necessary. Allow a Floating Connection for the attachment to all non-bearing interior walls. Do not shim. STEP 1. ESTABLISHING GROUND BRACING AND SETTING THE FIRST TRUSS DANGER! NEVER release the Truss being installed from the lifting slings/crane until Truss is in the intended position, Ground Bracing can be installed on either the exterior or interior of all TCTLR are installed and bearing attachments are made. the Building, to the top of an adjacent wall, or to the structure itself. Exercise caution to assure the Trusses are accurately located Site conditions dictate the most efficient procedure. The procedure at their proper on-center spacing, while the Lateral Restraint selected is not as important as following the simple guidelines for is being applied. Releasing a Truss early or releasing a Truss locating the Ground Braces. Ground Brace locations are determined to adjust spacing is an extremely dangerous practice. Doing by the requirements for TCTLR. Locations for TCTLR are deter- so leaves the Truss in an unstable condition and places the mined by the overall Truss length (see Table B2-1) and the length installation crew in danger. This is an UNSAFE act that can of the Top Chord between pitch breaks (i.e., change of slope). It is cause the Truss to topple and cause serious personal injury important to note that TCTLR is required at EVERY pitch break (see or death. Figure B2-10, page 21). The portion of the Top Chord between pitch breaks shall be restrained at intervals not exceeding the lengths  STEP 5. Install Top Chord Plane Diagonal Bracing (see Diago- given in Table B2-1 (see Figures B2-6, 7 and 10, pages 20-21). nal Bracing options based upon TCTLR design on page 24). Alternately, Structural Sheathing correctly applied at this Set first Truss into position and connect it to each bearing and stage will act as Diagonal Bracing for the Top Chords and then to the Ground Brace verticals where they intersect the Top adequately brace the first five Trusses (see Figure B2-5). and Bottom Chords of the Truss.

TCTLR interval (see Table B2-1)

Truss Span Bearing wall Bearing wall Ground Brace vertical FIGURE B2-5 figure b2-6  STEP 6. Install Web Member Plane Diagonal Bracing to stabilize the first five Trusses set (Figure B2-34, page 26). Web STEP 2. DETERMINE GROUND BRACE LOCATION member Lateral Restraint (if indicated on the TDD), together Maximum Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) with Diagonal Bracing or some other form of Permanent Spacing** Building Stability Bracing (PBSB), serves this purpose. Truss Span TCTLR Spacing  STEP 7. Install the Bottom Chord Plane Temporary Lateral Up to 30' 10' on-center maximum Restraint and Diagonal Bracing to stabilize the Bottom Chord plane(s). 30' - 45' 8' on-center maximum 45' - 60' 6' on-center maximum Do not remove Ground Bracing until all the Top Chord, Web 60' - 80' * 4' on-center maximum and Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing is *Consult a Registered Design Professional for Trusses longer than 60'. installed for at least the first five Trusses. **For Trusses spaced greater than 2' o.c., see also BCSI-B10. Start Structural Sheathing immediately after secur- Table b2-1 ing the Bracing onto the Web and Bottom Chord Planes.

 STEP 8. Continue the erection/installation process by installing the next four Trusses with the TCTLR and then repeating Steps 5, 6 and 7. Repeat the process with sets of four Trusses until all of the remaining Trusses in the Building run have been installed.

20 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

 The TCTLR and Diagonal Bracing approach provided be- * = Pitch break * Over 8' (add a row low applies to all sloping chord Trusses, Scissors Truss- Under 8' of TCTLR) es, 2x_ Parallel Chord Trusses and Piggyback Truss- es. Note: 2x_ Trusses with depths less than 1/15th of * * * the span at all locations away from bearings require more * complex temporary Bracing. Consult a Registered Design 5'-6" 5'-6" 5'-6" 8'-10" 3'-4" 4'-4" Professional. 33'-0" Span  Example 1: 33' span 6/12 Truss figure b2-10

12 6'-2" 6  Continuous TCTLR is required over bearing if the height is 10" 18'-6" 6'-2" or greater as shown.

6'-2" Lateral Restraint

5'-6" 5'-6" 5'-6" 5'-6" 33'-0" Span 10" or greater figure b2-7

The 33' Truss above will require TCTLR at not more than 8' on-center (o.c.) per Table B2-1, page 20. The length of the Truss attachment Top Chord from the peak to Truss heel (as measured along required at support(s) the slope) is roughly 18'-6". Adding one row of TCTLR at the midpoint of the 18'-6" segment leaves two 9'-3" sec- figure b2-11 tions, which exceeds the 8' on-center maximum in Table B2-1. Therefore, the chord segment needs to be divided into three  For all bracing and Lateral Restraint members, nail as follows sections 18'-6"÷3 = 6'-2". TCTLR will be 6'-2" on-center along (except end-grain-nailed short member Lateral Restraints, the slope. which require 16d deformed shank (i.e., ring- or screw-  Example 2: Locating TCTLR and Ground Bracing for hip shank) nails): Trusses and special configuration Trusses. • Use at least 2-10d (0.128x3"), 2-12d (0.128x3.25") or Locate a TCTLR at each pitch break along the Top Chord. 2-16d (0.131x3.5") nails into each Truss for both Lateral Additional rows of TCTLR are required according to the maxi- Restraint and Diagonal Bracing members. mum on-center spacing in Table B2-1, page 20.

* = Pitch break

figure b2-12 Truss Span Hip Truss with Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint and Ground Brace • Minimum size Bracing and Lateral Restraint material is 2x4 verticals. stress-graded lumber, or approved Proprietary Metal Re- figure b2-8 straint/Bracing, unless otherwise specified by the Building Designer.

• Drive nails flush (or use double-headed [duplex] nails for ease of removal).

Truss Span Parallel Chord roof Truss with Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint and Ground Brace verticals. figure b2-9

21 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

 Figure B2-13 depicts the maximum on-center spacing of TCTLR per Table B2-1, page 20. Ground Bracing not shown for clarity. Apply Diagonal Bracing or Structural Sheath- ing immediately. For spans over 60', applying • All Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing material is at Structural Sheathing immediately is the preferred least 2x4 stress-graded lumber, or use an approved Propri- method (see Step 5, page 25). etary Metal Restraint/Bracing Product.

• Use two nails minimum to attach each brace and/or Lateral Restraint to each Truss. **Note: Spans over 60' require more complex Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing. Consult a Regis- tered Design Professional.

≤45° typical 4' o.c. max.* 10' o.c. max.* 6' o.c. max.* 8' o.c. max.*

up to 80'** Truss Spans up to 30' up to 60' up to 45' Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint *NOTE: Maximum spacing for Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint figure b2-13

These TCTLR options apply to all sloped and Parallel Chord Trusses built with the wide face of the lumber oriented vertically.

Parallel Chord Truss Mono Truss figure b2-14 figure b2-16

Gambrel Truss Scissors Truss figure b2-15 figure b2-17

22 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

STEP 3. SET FIRST TRUSS AND FASTEN SECURELY  Example of first Truss installed with interior Ground Bracing to TO GROUND BRACES top of wall and back to floor below (see Figures B2-20 and 21).  Construct and install the Ground Bracing for the first Truss from the Building interior or exterior. Overall Truss height (ft)  Example of first Truss installed with Interior Ground Bracing:

Interior Ground Bracing

Interior Ground Bracing to end wall and floor below

figure b2-20

2x_bracing (or end jacks in a Hip Set application) Overall Truss height Attach members figure b2-18 to wall Braced Truss (or Girder Truss in Hip Set application)

CAUTION First Truss must be attached securely at all bearing (ft) locations and to all required Ground Braces prior to removing the hoisting supports. Properly brace wall with adequate diagonals and floor Anchorage, perpendicular  Example of first Truss installed with Exterior Ground Bracing: walls, etc.

Exterior Ground Bracing figure b2-21

 X = wall setback (ft) = overall Truss height (ft-in) rounded to next full Truss Spacing (ft), or Girder Truss set back in hip end framing. For example, if the overall Truss height is 5'-6" and the Trusses are to be spaced at 2' on-center (o.c.), use a wall setback, X, of 6' (i.e., three Truss Spaces @ 2' = 6' > 5'-6").

figure b2-19

23 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

STEP 4. SET TRUSSES 2, 3, 4 AND 5 WITH TCTLR OPTION 1: IN LINE WITH GROUND BRACING DETAIL – Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint Installed on Top of Trusses  Set Trusses 2, 3, 4 and 5 using the Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint (on top of or between Trusses) in line with 27"+ the Ground Braces.

 Example of first five Trusses with Interior Ground Bracing: 22½" 2 nails at every Connection See Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint options on this page. 27"+

1½" minimum end distance Trusses @24" Use of longer members on-center will reduce splitting potential. Do not use split members. figure b2-25 figure b2-22

OPTION 2:  Example of first five Trusses with Exterior Ground Bracing: DETAIL – Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint Installed See Short Member Between Trusses Temporary Lateral Restraint options on this page. 22½"

Use 2-16d deformed shank figure b2-23 nails minimum at each restraint-to-Truss Connection.  Example of first five Trusses with Interior Ground Bracing to Trusses Do not use split members. @24" top of wall and back to floor below: on-center See Short Member figure b2-26 Temporary Lateral Restraint options on this page. OPTION 3: PROPRIETARY METAL RESTRAINT/BRACING PRODUCTS*

22½" figure b2-24

22½" *These products are specifically The following three Short Member Temporary Lateral designed to provide Restraint Options require that the Diagonal Bracing be in- Lateral Restraint and are stalled continuously. Install Diagonal Bracing to the Top not just for spacing. See Chord plane immediately after the intial five Trusses have manufacturer’s specifications. been set and restrained. Thereafter, install Diagonal Bracing Trusses See DANGER on page 18. figure b2-27 to each subsequent set of four Trusses. @24" on-center 24 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

STEP 5. INSTALL TOP CHORD DIAGONAL BRACING  Example of Diagonal Bracing on first five Trusses with Interior Ground Bracing:  Triangles make Trusses strong. Triangles make Bracing strong. See Short Member Temporary Lateral Diagonal Bracing Restraint detail (in red) options page 24.

figure b2-28

 Some Truss Manufacturers attach supplemental warning tags to the Trusses reminding the installer of proper bracing practices. An example of one such tag is shown below. figure b2-30 TRUSSES ARE UNSTABLE UNTIL PROPERLY RESTRAINED & BRACED WARNING! See BCSI-B1 or BCSI-B2 for Temporary Restraint & Bracing Information. Consult Building Designer and BCSI-B3 for Permanent Restraint & Bracing Information. TEMPBRACE 20070515 TEMPBRACE For Trusses 60' or Greater in Length, Consult a Professional Engineer. .tpinst.org ww w russ Plate Institute T  Example of Diagonal Bracing on first five Trusses with Exte- rior Ground Bracing: All Rights Reserved

PL ATE H ERE Restraint detail – Representing the Structural Building Components Industry &

LOS TRUSSES SON INESTABLES HASTA QUE SEAN A options page 24. .co m y r ¡ADVERTENCIA! RESTRINGIDO Y ARRIOSTRADOS APROPIADAMENTE WTC Vea BCSI-B1 o BCSI-B2 para Información Sobre la Restricción y el Arriostre Temporal.

Consulte el Diseñador de Ediﬁcio y BCSI-B3 para Información Sobre la Restricción y el Arriostre Permanente. .sbcindust

Para Trusses Más de 60 Pies de Largo, Consulte a un Ingeniero Profesional. ww w figure b2-29



figure b2-31

 Example of Diagonal Bracing on first five Trusses with Ground Bracing to top of Building wall and back to floor below:

See Short Member photo b2-4 Temporary Lateral Restraint detail options page 24. 

figure b2-32 photo b2-5

25 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

STEP 6. INSTALL DIAGONAL BRACING IN WEB MEMBER PLANE  This Bracing approach applies to all Truss types except 3x2 and 4x2 Parallel Chord Trusses. Diagonal Bracing or some other type of Permanent Building Sta- bility Bracing (PBSB) installed perpendicular to the plane of the Diagonal Trusses and attached to similar web members of adjacent Trusses Bracing greatly increases the stability of the Truss System both during and after installation. Web members  The Web Diagonal Braces, acting together with the Top Chord and Bottom Chord Temporary Lat- eral Restraint, form Triangulation perpendicular to the plane of the Trusses, thus creating additional lateral stability for the Trusses.

 Diagonal Bracing installed for the Bottom purpose of increasing the stability Chords of the Truss System during instal- Diagonal Braces lation shall be installed on web every 10 Truss members (verticals whenever pos- spaces (20' max.) sible), located at or near each row of Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint. 10'-15' max. Same spacing Properly attached PBSB, such as NOTE: Some chord and web members as Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint not shown for clarity. Structural Sheathing, may be sub- FIGURE B2-34 stituted for Diagonal Bracing.  IMPORTANT NOTE: Diagonal Bracing is critical in prevent-  Install Web Diagonal Braces so that they cross the web mem- ing Trusses from leaning or dominoing. Repeat as shown to bers at approximately 45° and are nailed with a minimum of create a succession of rigid units. Mono Trusses, deep flat two nails (see page 21 for minimum sizes) at each end and Trusses and other types of Trusses with deep ends also re- at each intersecting Truss web. quire Temporary Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing on  Use minimum 2x4 stress-graded lumber for Web Diagonal the long web members at the deep end of the Truss. Braces, unless another type or size is specified by the Build-  Consult the Building Designer during the pre-erection meeting Designer. ing if the Temporary Lateral Restraint, Diagonal Bracing and  The requirements for web member Permanent Individual PBSB requirements are not perfectly clear. Truss Member Restraint (PITMR) are specified on the TDD (see BCSI-B3). STEP 7. LATERAL RESTRAINT & DIAGONAL BRACING FOR THE  Web member PITMR and Diagonal Braces used for installa- BOTTOM CHORD PLANE tion stability purposes and installed at the locations specified  Bottom Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (BCTLR) and for PBSB can become part of the PBSB system. Diagonal Bracing are used to stabilize the Bottom Chords during Truss installation and to maintain proper spacing Bottom Chord Web member Diagonal Bracing between Trusses. They also can be used as PBSB. There- Lateral Restraint fore, most BCTLR and Diagonal Bracing is placed on the top edge of the Bottom Chords and fastened with a minimum of two nails (see page 21 for minimum sizes) at each Truss intersection, at the locations specified for the PBSB and becomes part of the PBSB system. Apply Diagonal Bracing to Webs that are near each row of the Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint. See Figure B2-35 for spacing of Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint. figure b2-33

26 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

 The Building Designer specifies how the Bottom Chord Lat- eral Restraint is to be braced to prevent lateral movement and become part of the PBSB system. This can be accomplished by Diagonal Bracing in the Bottom Chord Plane repeated at the same intervals as the Top Chord Diagonal Bracing (see also BCSI-B1, pages 12-13); or other means as determined by the Building Designer.

STEP 8. CONTINUE THE TRUSS INSTALLATION PROCESS ≤45° REPEATING STEPS 4 THROUGH 7 WITH GROUPS OF FOUR TRUSSES USING OPTION A OR B BELOW.

OPTION A: Long-length continuous Top Chord Temporary Lat- eral Restraints shall have Diagonal Braces a maximum of every 20'. See detail below: 10'-15' 10'-15' 10'-15' Plan view of Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing. Top Chord and WARNING This Diagonal Bracing option can only be used Web Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing not shown for clarity. if the Contractor installs long-length continuous TCTLR as indicated in Step B below. figure b2-35 Step A: Install the next four Trusses using Short Member Tem-  Bottom Chord TEMPORARY Lateral Restraint (BCTLR) shall porary Lateral Restraint options 1-3 from page 24. be installed as continuous rows spaced no more than 15' on- Step B: Add long-length (min. 2 x 4 x 12') Continuous Lateral center and can only be removed (if desired) after the perma- Restraints (CLR) to tie all Trusses together. Overlap nent Ceiling Diaphragm is in place. the ends of the CLR by at least two Trusses.  Bottom Chord PERMANENT Lateral Restraint (BCPLR) shall Step C: Add Diagonal Bracing (at ≈45°) as indicated in Fig- be installed as continuous rows spaced no more than 10' on- ure B2-36: center or less if required by the specific Truss design and/or the Building Designer. Temporary Lateral Restraint installed at the required spacing of the permanent Lateral Restraint (see TDD for spacing), and left in place, can become part of the PBSB system. TCTLR spacing between rows is Diagonal Bracing required based on Truss at each end of Truss row Span and Pitch End-grain Breaks. See Steps nailed short and every 10 Truss spaces (20' max.). 1 & 2 on pages member Tem- 20-22. porary Lateral Restraint Long- length continuous Diagonal TCTLR Brace Truss ≈1½" Top Chord

10 Truss spaces max. (20' max.) NOTE: Ends of TCTLRs can also be attached to each other using CLR splice reinforcement. Refer to Figure B1-28 for more information. 10 Truss spaces max. (20' max.)

figure b2-36 NOTE: Ground Bracing not shown for clarity.

27 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

OPTION B: Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraints require Diagonal Braces attached to all Trusses. See details below: Spacing between rows of TCTLR is WARNING After the initial group of five Trusses are installed based on Truss Span and Pitch Breaks. and braced (i.e., Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing), DO See Steps 1 & 2 on pages 20-22. NOT set more than four Trusses when using Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint before you STOP and Diagonally Brace as shown. Option (B) will NOT work without Diagonal Bracing installed with each group of four Trusses.

Temporary Diagonal Bracing repeated entire length of Building. See details page 24.

figure b2-37

WARNING TCTLR, either continuous or short member,  Apply Structural Sheathing early and often. Do not wait is ALWAYS to be used with Diagonal Bracing! until all Trusses are set to apply Structural Sheathing.

CAUTION Remove only as much 2x4 Bracing as is necessary  to nail down the next sheet of Structural Sheathing. CAUTION Do not exceed Truss Design Load with construction Loads (see BCSI-B4).  Improper bracing scheme - Continuous Proper bracing scheme - Continuous TCTLR without Diagonal Bracing TCTLR with Diagonal Bracing. photo b2-6 photo b2-7

ENSURE THAT ALL TRUSSES ARE PROPERLY DIAGONALLY BRACED

photo b2-8

28 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

ALTERNATE INSTALLATION METHOD  Build it on the ground and lift it into place.

 Ensure level bearing and follow the procedures described in Steps 1-8 on pages 20-28, except set, position, plumb, and properly restrain and brace the Trusses as modules on the ground. Lift note: Depending upon the job specifics, it may be possible to construct the entire roof on the ground and lift into place as a single unit.

 Be sure to install all Top Chord, Web Member, and Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint and Bracing prior to lifting.

CAUTION Additional restraint and bracing may be required to safely lift units into place.

 Be sure to get the proper guidance from a Registered Design Professional to ensure modules are designed and installed Install Web Member Permanent Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing (or web safely and properly. reinforcement) and Bottom Chord Permanent Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Brac- ing as required. photo b2-11  

Ground Bracing for Truss assembly being built on the ground. photo b2-9 Pick up the finished assembly and set it into place. photo b2-12 

Install Structural Sheathing as soon as the first “set” of Trusses have been properly plumbed, restrained and braced. Begin at the heel and alternate 4'x8' and 4'x4' sheets up to the peak. photo b2-10 29 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

HIP SET ASSEMBLY & BRACING NOTE: Truss restraint and bracing not shown for clarity. Hip Trusses A Hip Set is the series of Trusses that Common Trusses decrease in height to form the end slope of a hip roof. Hip Sets are laid out in a Hip Girder variety of ways but, for the most part, they have a hip Girder Truss that is set back from the end wall a certain distance and perpendicular end jacks that span the setback distance. Permanently Corner Jacks connecting the end jacks to the end wall and Girder Truss as early in the installation process as possible dramatically increases the stability of the hip Girder End Wall Truss and the safety of the structure. Girder Setback End Jacks from end wall figure b2-38 Steps for Hip Set Assembly & Bracing

Step 1: Position the hip Girder Truss on the bearing walls at the specified end wall setback. If the hip Girder Truss consists Step 2: Install all remaining corner and end jacks with all perma- of multiple plies, it is much easier to fasten the plies to- nent Truss-to-bearing Connections (e.g., hangers, clips gether and install the end jack hangers (if required) on the and tie-downs). ground before lifting the Girder Truss into place. Perma- nently attach the Girder Truss to bearing supports. Note: All plies of a multi-ply Girder Truss shall be attached per the fastening schedule on the TDD before attaching any framing members or applying any Loads.

Install jacks while crane continues to hold Girder Truss in place. Attach hip Girder Truss to supports figure b2-41 Hip jack

Alternate Option to Step 1 & 2: Assemble the Girder Truss and jacks on the ground and lift the entire assembly into place. Be sure to get guidance from a Registered Design Install hip jacks and end Professional to ensure modules are designed and installed jacks at maximum 10' o.c. safely and properly (see page 29 for information on an alternative installation method). figure b2-39

Per the TDD, attach jack Trusses to the Top and Bottom Chord of the Girder Truss. The Con- nection at the top is important during Truss installation as it helps to stabilize the Top Chord of the Girder Truss.

figure b2-40 figure b2-42

30 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

Step 3: Install the next Hip Truss with 2x4 Short Member Tempo-  If there is a hip at one end of the Building and a gable at the rary Lateral Restraints. Attach each Short Member Tem- other, a good practice is to start the Truss installation at the porary Lateral Restraint to the Top Chord of the hip Girder hip end. Truss and adjacent Hip Truss with two nails at each connection. The Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraints Note: Lateral Restraint and should be long enough to extend at least 1-1/2" past the Diagonal Bracing not shown Top Chord of each Truss. Place Short Member Temporary for clarity. Lateral Restraint at pitch breaks and along the Top Chords and space rows according to the guidelines provided in Table B2-1. Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint.

figure b2-46

Don’t stack materials or stand at locations that will produce instability, such as on cantilevers, overhangs, end jacks or near Truss-to-Girder Truss Connections. figure b2-43

Step 4: Install remaining Hip Trusses. For the flat portion of each Hip Truss, use Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraints that are at least double the length of the first set of Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraints. For the sloped chords of the Trusses, install Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraints according to one of the three figure b2-47 options on page 24. See Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint options on page 24.

figure b2-44

Step 5: Install pitched Trusses using the guidelines of this document.

figure b2-45

31 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

LONG SPAN TRUSS INSTALLATION • Have all necessary lifting equipment and building materials on hand. Make sure the crane operator understands the special DANGER Long Span Trusses are extremely dangerous to in- hoisting requirements of Long Span Trusses (see BCSI-B1 Fig- stall. ures B1-12A and 12B, page 9). Long Span Trusses, i.e., Trusses with clear spans 60' or greater, pose significant risk to installers. The dimensions and weight of Tips for Safe and Efficient Installations a Long Span Truss can create instability, buckling and collapse of the Truss if it is not handled, installed, restrained and braced prop-  Build the First Five erly. Long Span Trusses can be installed safely and efficiently, but Trusses Into a Stable  they require more detailed safety and handling measures than Base Unit: Assemble shorter span Trusses. the first five Trusses with all Structural Sheathing, restraint and Bracing.  Some installers lift the first five Trusses one at a time and restrain, brace and sheath as they go. Other installers build the base unit on the ground and lift it into place. Ei- ther way, this makes the installation process much easier, accurate and safe photo b2-14 (see Figure B2-48). photo b2-13 Before Starting  Add a Temporary Center Support: It is highly recommended that temporary supports be set up at interior locations dur- • Hire a Registered Design Professional to provide a Temporary ing the erection/installation process. This will provide greater Restraint/Bracing plan and to supervise the erection process. stability and increased safety at the jobsite. Temporary inte- • Read and understand this guide. rior supports should be left in place until all PBSB has been • Develop a safe, effective Truss installation method and inform installed. all crew members of their roles. • Use personnel who have experience installing Trusses 60' and greater in span. • Inspect the Trusses. • Document all Truss damage. Prior to installation, repair all Trusses according to the repair details prepared by the Truss Designer or a Registered Design Professional. • Ensure that the walls and supporting structure are stable and adequately restrained and braced.

figure b2-49

figure b2-48

32 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

 Keep Trusses Straight  Install All Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint/ During Hoisting: Long  Bracing Immediately: Once the installation crew becomes Span Trusses are very familiar with the procedure, the Permanent Lateral Restraint prone to bending out-of- and Diagonal Bracing for Webs and Bottom Chords can be plane while being lifted into installed in the time it takes to release the hoist and install the place. It is very important next Truss. to provide support so the Trusses flex as little as possible. A good hoisting de-  vice and Spreader Bar can photo b2-15 provide support and be a real time saver. Attach to Truss at Spreader Bar Locate 10' o.c. or Stiffback above max. mid-height

Spreader Bar 2/3 to 3/4 Truss length Tagline

For Trusses up to and over 60' photo b2-17 FIGURE B2-50A Attach to Visit sbcindustry.com/longspan.php for a detailed handling and Truss at installation strategy, articles on Long Span Truss installations, Spreader Bar 10' o.c. and more resources for temporary and permanent restraint/ or Stiffback max. Bracing of Trusses.

WARNING Contractor experience is required to install Trusses 60' and greater in span. Spreader Bar 2/3 to 3/4 Truss length DISCLAIMER: The Truss Manufacturer and Truss Designer rely Tagline on the fact that the Contractor and crane operator (if applicable) For Trusses up to and over 60' are capable to undertake the work they have agreed to do on a particular project. The Contractor should seek any required as- FIGURE B2-50B sistance regarding construction practices from a competent party. The methods and procedures outlined are intended to ensure that the overall construction techniques employed will put floor and  Sheath the Top Chord as Trusses Are Installed: Save time roof Trusses in place SAFELY. These recommendations for han- by applying Structural Sheathing immediately. Installation is dling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses are based upon also safer when the crew can work from a sheathed deck. the collective experience of leading personnel involved with Truss design, manufacturing and installation, but must, due to the nature  of responsibilities involved, be presented only as a guide for use by a qualified Building Designer and/or Contractor. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as superior to the Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses and it does not preclude the use of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and providing stability for the walls, columns, floors, roofs and all the interrelated Structural Building Components as determined by the Contractor. Thus, SBCA, TPI and those who participated in the development of this guide expressly disclaim any responsibility for damages arising from the use, application, or reliance on the recommendations and information contained herein. photo b2-16

33 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

FIELD ASSEMBLY & OTHER SPECIAL CONDITIONS Field Spliced Trusses

Certain sizes or shapes of Trusses require some assembly at the Trusses that are too long or too tall for delivery to the jobsite in one jobsite. Refer to the Truss Design Drawings (TDD) for specific in- piece are designed to be delivered in two or more parts, and then structions on assembly methods, unless the Construction Docu- field spliced together on the jobsite. Splicing can be performed ments indicate otherwise. The Contractor is responsible for proper on the ground before installation, or the Truss sections can be field assembly. supported by temporary shoring after being hoisted into place Lateral Restraint at on- and the splices installed from a safe working surface. Temporary center spacing specified Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing must be installed per the Diagonal Bracing on the TDD (green) recommendations provided in this document and PBSB per the (in red) Construction Documents as the Trusses are installed.



figure b2-51

Piggyback Trusses

Profiles that are too tall to be delivered to the jobsite in one piece may be designed and manufactured in two or more layers and “piggybacked” at the jobsite. Install all Temporary Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing in accordance with the Building Designer’s Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing plan or the procedures outlined herein. Install all Permanent Individual Truss Member Re- straint (PITMR) shown on the TDD and PBSB shown on the Con- photo b2-18 struction Documents. The supporting Trusses shall be completely installed with all Truss member and PBSB as required BEFORE installing the supported (“Cap”) Frames.

For details on how to permanently laterally restrain and diagonally brace Piggyback Truss Systems, refer to BCSI-B3.

Supported (“Cap”) Frames

Diagonal Bracing Lateral Restraint (in red) (in green)

Example of a steeply pitched Scissors Truss requiring a specially designed field splice at the top and bottom peak. See TDD for splice details. ≤45˚ figure b2-53 Note: Some Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing not shown for clarity. figure b2-52

34 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

 Some Buildings are designed to have open ends (no end  The Top Chord of the supporting Trusses beneath the Valley walls) or large door openings in the end walls. Apply Diagonal Set frames shall be laterally restrained and Diagonally Braced Bracing to the Bottom Chords between the rows of Bottom by either Structural Sheathing or other alternate methods as Chord Lateral Restraint and at approximately 45° to the later- specified by the Building Designer. If Structural Sheathing is als (see Figure B2-35, page 27). Apply this Diagonal Brac- not installed, the Top Chords of the supporting Trusses shall ing at both ends of an open end building, and repeat along be braced by the Valley Set frames, or with rows of Lateral the length of the Building at the same spacing as determined Restraint, spaced no more than the maximum o.c. spacing for the Top Chord Diagonal Braces. Such Buildings may also specified on the TDD, and Diagonal Bracing. require additional Bottom Chord Permanent Building Stability Bracing to resist buckling of the Bottom Chord due to compression forces caused by wind uplift. Consult the Building Designer.

Multi-Ply Trusses & Girder Trusses

The proper attachment of Truss plies in Multi-Ply Trusses is required along the entire length of the Truss. The Truss Designer specifies the specific ply-to-ply Connections required for chords and Webs on the TDD. If possible, connect Multi-Ply Trusses together in accordance with the TDD prior to erection/installation. Structural Sheathing directly applied to Top Chords of Girder Truss plies shall be completely and securely supporting Trusses beneath Valley Set frames. attached together prior to attaching the supported Trusses to figure b2-55A the Girder Truss (see BCSI-B9).

 Attach Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing to each ply of a Multi-Ply Truss.

VALLEY SET FRAME INSTALLATION

Valley Set frames

Supporting Trusses

No Structural Sheathing attached to the Top Chords of the supporting Trusses beneath the Valley Set frames. The on-center spacing of the Valley Set frames, as measured along the slope of the Top Chord of the supporting Trusses, must be less than or equal to the maximum Purlin spacing specified on the TDD for the Top Chord of the supporting Trusses. Add Diagonal Bracing to the Top Chord Plane of the supporting Trusses if the Valley Set frames are ≥ 20' in length. Valley Set frames on top of lower roof. figure b2-55B figure b2-54

 A Valley Set is a group of Truss frames designed to sit on top of other Trusses to change the direction of the roof planes.

35 BCSI-B2: Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing

Rafters OTHER APPLICATIONS REQUIRING SPECIAL RESTRAINT/BRACING Ridge Board Top Chord Bearing Parallel Chord Truss

Continuous Lateral Restraint required at first Bottom Chord Panel Point for Top Chord Bearing 2x_ Parallel Chord For conventionally framed dormers, as shown in this figure, the Top chords of Trusses (i.e., lumber oriented in the the supporting Trusses beneath the dormer must be restrained and Braced with vertical/joist direction) Structural Sheathing, as shown, or with rows of Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing, to prevent buckling under Load. See NOTE below for assumed flow of Loads to Trusses depending on the method used to frame a valley. Optional lateral support at first Bottom Chord Panel Point in lieu of Bottom figure b2-56 Chord Lateral Restraint figure b2-57 **NOTE: The method used to frame a valley will affect how the Loads from the upper roof are distributed to the supporting Trusses, and therefore, how these Trusses are to be designed. Valley Set frames (Figure B2-54 on page 35) spaced at 24" o.c.  For Top Chord Bearing, 2x_, Parallel Chord Trusses, install or less distribute the upper roof Load uniformly to the lower roof. Continuous Lateral Restraint at the first Bottom Chord Panel Valley Set frames spaced at more than 24" o.c. distribute the up- Point to prevent torsional overturning under Load (see Figure per roof Load to the lower roof as a series of concentrated line B2-57). Consult the TDD for Trusses with lumber oriented in Loads applied to the lower roof at the location of each Valley Set the 3x_ or 4x_ (i.e., horizontal, flat or plank) direction. frame. Conventional Framing without intermediate supports (Fig-  For Bottom Chord Bearing Parallel Chord Trusses that are ure B2-56) distributes the upper roof Load to the lower roof as properly anchored to the supports, the Bottom Chord Lateral a concentrated line Load acting along the valley created at the Restraint is not required at the first Bottom Chord Panel Point. intersection of the two roofs. In order to distribute the roof Load from a conventionally framed valley uniformly to the supporting Trusses below, 2x_ vertical studs must be installed between the valley member and the top of the lower roof deck. Install each stud directly over the Top Chords of the Trusses at a maximum spacing of 4' o.c. along the ridge board and each rafter. Install rows of Lateral Restraint to top of roof deck directly beneath and parallel to each rafter for attachment of bottom end of vertical studs.

SPECIAL APPLICATIONS USING TRUSSES

CAUTION Trusses installed for ornamental purposes or other special applications, and that are not intended to carry roof Loads, floor Loads, or exterior environmental Loads such as snow or wind, still require Bracing to prevent lateral buckling due to self weight, incidental material Loads (e.g., from lattice work or other finished framing) and installation forces. Even very small Loads may cause lateral buckling in members that do not have adequate Bracing. The Contractor is advised to adhere to the Lateral Restraint requirements specified on the TDD, and install Diagonal Bracing or Structural Sheathing to brace these areas.

36 BCSI-B3

PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF CHORDS & WEB MEMBERS

Proper installation of Trusses is extremely critical national Building Code® (IBC®) (see also Chapter 2 of ANSI/ to the lifetime performance of the Building. Depending on TPI 1) where it is stated: the experience of the Contractor1 it is strongly recommended that a meeting be held with the Building Designer1 2303.4.1.1 Truss design drawings… to ensure that all Permanent Building Stability Bracing 13. Maximum axial tensile and compression forces in (PBSB) is identified and will be properly installed and to the Truss members; review the provisions of: 14. Required permanent individual Truss member re- • the Construction Documents (i.e., architectural/structural straint location and the method and details of re- plans and specifications) straint/bracing to be used in accordance with Sec- • the Truss Submittal Package, which includes: tion 2303.4.1.2. • the Truss Design Drawings (TDD) • the Truss Placement Diagram(s) (if/when required by 2303.4.1.2 Permanent individual Truss member re- the Contract) straint. Where permanent restraint of Truss members • this BCSI document and/or B-Series Summary Sheets is required on the Truss design drawings, it shall be ac- (when provided) complished by one of the following methods: • site-specific conditions 1. Permanent individual Truss member restraint/brac- • any specific Truss member Permanent Bracing plans that ing shall be installed using standard industry lateral are provided for the roof or floor structural system, restraint/bracing details in accordance with generally • all special Permanent Bracing conditions such as un- accepted engineering practice. Locations for lateral sheathed Top Chords, Long Span Scissors Trusses, restraint shall be identified on the Truss design draw- Piggyback Truss Systems, and all 60' or greater clear ing. span systems 2. The Trusses shall be designed so that the buckling WARNING Disregarding Permanent Individual Truss Mem- of any individual Truss member is resisted inter- ber Restraint and Permanent Building Stability Bracing nally by the indiviual Truss though suitable means recommendations is a major cause of Truss field perfor- (i.e., buckling reinforcement by T-reinforcement or mance problems and has been known to lead to collapsed L-reinforcement, proprietary reinforcement, etc.). roof and/or floor systems. Failure to install the proper re- The buckling reinforcement of individual members of straint and Bracing will greatly increase the probability of the Trusses shall be installed as shown on the Truss Truss performance problems or an accident resulting in design drawing or on supplemental Truss member property damage, personal injury or death. buckling reinforcement details provided by the Truss designer. Trusses, as with other types of structural framing components such as joists, beams, studs, etc. require lateral support in order 3. A project-specific permanent individual Truss mem- to perform in the manner for which they are intended. Trusses are ber restraint/bracing design shall be permitted to be designed to carry Loads applied within their plane. Trusses are specified by any registered design professional. not designed to resist lateral (i.e., out-of-plane) Loads and rely on PBSB to transfer the lateral loads out of the Truss System into the As defined in many engineering laws and building codes, the supporting structure. Certain individual Truss members also re- Building Designer is responsible for the overall design and flow quire Lateral Restraint and Bracing to prevent buckling under the of Loads through the building. This includes what is called the applied design Loads. Permanent Bracing provides sufficient sup- PBSB for the Trusses. The PBSB resists forces acting perpen- port at right angles to the plane of the Truss to hold every Truss dicular to the plane of the Trusses due to gravity, Seismic and/or member in the position assumed for it in the design. Permanent Wind Loads, as well as collective forces caused by the restraint of Lateral Restraint and Bracing is needed for the proper performance members subject to buckling. To aid in the design of the PBSB, the of individual Trusses within the roof or floor system. TDD includes the information provided in IBC 2303.4.1.1 Items 13 and 14 (see above) to assist the Registered Design Professional Provisions for Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint (RDP) in generating the appropriate engineering calculations. (PITMR) are provided in Section 2303.4 of the 2015 Inter-

1 See Glossary of Terms for definitions of Building Designer and Contractor. 37 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

In accordance with most engineering laws and the Building code, PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE the Building Designer should review the TDD submittals to verify VARIOUS PLANES OF A ROOF TRUSS that all the components and their placement comply with his/her written engineering requirements. Permanent Bracing applied at right angles to the plane (i.e., depth) of a Truss performs several functions including:

RESTRAINT/BRACING MATERIALS & FASTENERS a) Preventing out-of-plane buckling of certain Truss members due to compression forces developed under the  The material and fasteners used to restrain and brace Truss- specified design Load conditions es shall be of sufficient strength and stiffness to hold every Truss member in the position assumed for it in the design. b) Maintaining the proper Truss Spacing

 Some of the more common materials used to brace the c) Resisting and transferring the lateral Loads applied to the members of Trusses include wood structural panels, gyp- Truss System (e.g., wind, seismic, etc.) sum board sheathing, dimension lumber, Proprietary Metal Restraint/Bracing Products, and metal Purlins and straps, to Trusses are designed to only support Loads applied within their name a few. plane. Because Trusses are relatively narrow in relation to their depth and span, they require lateral support. Without this support,  Minimum size Restraint/Bracing material is 2x4 stress-graded the entire Truss, or a portion of its members, will buckle (i.e., fail) lumber, unless another size is specified by the Building De- at Loads far less than the design Loads that they were intended signer. to carry.

Trusses require Permanent Bracing within ALL of the following planes: Minimum Nail Size 1. Top Chord Plane 10d (0.128x3") 2. Bottom Chord Plane 12d (0.128x3.25") 3. Web Member Plane 16d (0.131x3.5") figure b3-1 table b3-1 Top Chord Plane

• Use at least 2-10d (0.128x3"), 2-12d (0.128x3.25"), or 2- 16d (0.131x3.5") nails to attach 2x4 Lateral Restraint and ~ Diagonal Bracing members at each Connection as specified by the Truss Design or Building Designer. For 2x6 or greater Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing, use a minimum of three nails per Connection. ~ USING TEMPORARY RESTRAINT/BRACING AS PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING Web Member BCSI-B2 provides important information and guidelines on Tem- Plane Bottom Chord Plane porary Installation Restraint/Bracing of Trusses. Many elements figure b3-2 of Temporary Restraint/Bracing of Trusses also apply to Perma- nent Restraint/Bracing of Trusses. Temporary Restraint/Bracing 1. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE TOP CHORD PLANE of Trusses provides support to the Trusses during installation. Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Trusses provides support to the  Permanent Bracing for the Top Chords of Trusses is typically Trusses during the lifetime of the structure and resists the applied provided by attaching Structural Sheathing, or wood or metal Loads anticipated during that lifetime. If properly planned, much, structural Purlins that are properly braced. if not all, of the Temporary Restraint/Bracing installed during Truss installation can be used to permanently restrain and brace the  The most common types of Structural Sheathing are wood Truss, making the completion of the PBSB system more efficient. structural panels such as plywood or oriented strand board (OSB).

 The wood structural panels shall have the appropriate span rating and/or grade to support the Building Designer’s Speci- fied Loads at the on-center (o.c.) spacing of the Trusses.

38 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 The sheathing and attachment requirements (i.e., fastener • Installing Diagonal Bracing to the Top Chord Plane at in- size and spacing) are provided on the Construction Docu- tervals along the length of the Building to provide rigidity ments prepared by the Building Designer and/or within the and to transfer the restraining forces from the Purlins to Building code. a lateral force resisting system (e.g., braced wall panels, shearwalls, braced frames, etc.), Structural Sheathing on Top Chord Plane • Attaching Structural Sheathing directly to the Purlins ~ Not all sheathing products are structural. The Build- ing Designer is responsible for the design and detailing of the Structural Sheathing and Diaphragms.

CAUTION Without some form of Permanent Diagonal Brac- ing, the Purlins by themselves only ensure that the Top Chords of the Trusses will all buckle in the same direction.

 The Building Designer is responsible for the design and de- figure b3-3 tailing of the Purlins and the PBSB for the roof system.

 The TDD provides information on the assumed support for  Wood or metal Purlins are most often used in applications the Top Chord based on the Load conditions for which the where Trusses are spaced greater than 4' o.c. The Purlins Truss has been designed. This typically includes directly ap- must be properly sized and fastened to the Top Chord of the plied Structural Sheathing or Purlins at a specified maximum Trusses in accordance with the specifications found in the o.c. spacing. Construction Documents. The Trusses must be designed so that the maximum allowable unbraced length for the Top 2. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE BOTTOM CHORD PLANE Chord is greater than or equal to the on-center spacing of the Purlins.  Permanent Bracing for the Bottom Chords of Trusses is typically provided by attaching either gypsum board panels or  Purlins Continuous lumber Lateral Restraint properly braced against lateral movement.

Note: Example of Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing installed in the Top Chord Plane. figure b3-4 Diagonal (“X” Bracing) in the Top Chord Plane CAUTION Without Diagonal Bracing in the Top Chord Plane, the Top Chords of the Trusses can buckle simultaneously in the same direction. figure b3-6 Directly attached rigid ceiling

 Lumber used as Lateral Restraint and/or Diagonal Bracing shall be stress rated.

 Bottom Chord Permanent Lateral Restraint shall be installed at the spacing indicated on the TDD and/or by the Building Diagonal Bracing shown is Designer with a maximum of 10' on-center. figure b3-5 in the Web Member Plane  The TDD provides information on the assumed support for Note: The Purlins alone will not adequately brace or prevent the Bottom Chord based on the Load conditions for which the buckling of the Top Chord and must themselves be Truss has been designed. This typically includes a directly braced. This bracing can be provided in a number of ways applied rigid ceiling such as gypsum board panels or rows of including: Lateral Restraint at a specified maximum on-center spacing.

39 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 Install rows of Diagonal Bracing at intervals of no more than CLR splice reinforcement 20' along the length of the Building, or as specified by the Truss Member Building Designer, to provide stability and transfer the forces 2x_ CLR from the Lateral Restraint to a lateral force resisting system.

Diagonal Bracing Diagonal Bracing

≤45˚ typ. Bottom Chords SECTION A-A

Truss Member

Lateral Restraint Minimum 2' 2x_ Scab block centered over CLR splice. Attach to CLR with ≤10' ≤20' 2x4x12' or greater lapped over two minimum 8-16d (0.135x3.5") nails each ≤10' Trusses or CLR side of splice or as specified by the ≤10' splice reinforcement Building Designer ≤10' figure b3-7 Lateral Restraint Note: Some chord and web members not shown for clarity. and Diagonal Bracing used to brace the Bottom Chord Plane.

3. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE WEB MEMBER PLANE  Web member restraint is typically accomplished by either reducing the unsupported length of the web member via Lateral  Permanent Bracing is typically installed in the Web Member Restraint or by reinforcing the member with additional mate- Plane of a Truss to collect and transfer forces produced by rial and thus increasing its cross-section. the restraint of members subject to buckling and/or to transfer lateral Loads from wind and Seismic Forces applied to  The TDD indicates which web members (if any) require this the Truss System. The same Bracing can often be used to restraint. support both functions. This Bracing is referred to as Perma- nent Stability Bracing and is the responsibility of the Building Designer. Diagonal Bracing & Continuous Lateral Restraint  If individual Web member permanent Lateral Restraint is Individual Web Member Permanent Restraint & Diagonal required on a particular Truss design, Continuous Lateral Bracing Restraint (CLR), consisting of 2x4 stress-graded dimension lumber attached at right angles to the Web in combination  Certain web members require restraint and Diagonal Bracing with Diagonal Bracing, is most frequently specified. to prevent out-of-plane buckling when subjected to anticipated design forces.  Webs may require one or two rows of CLR.

 The TDD will specify the number of rows and approximate location of the CLR.

The CLR can be installed on either side of the member.

Note: CLR can be installed on either side of Member.

One row of CLR required on each of these two Webs.

Structural Building Components Association

figure b3-8 figure b3-9 40 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

Important Note: CLRs shall always be Diagonally Braced for rigidity.

 Diagonal Bracing with CLRs work most efficiently when applied to three or more similar Trusses.

 Attach the Lateral Restraint at the locations shown on the TDD together with a Diagonal Brace at an angle of less than or equal to 45˚ to the Lateral Restraint (see Figures B3-12 and 13). Position the Diagonal Brace so that it crosses the figure b3-10 web in close proximity to the Lateral Restraint. The Diagonal Bracing should be attached as close to the Top and Bottom Chord Plane as possible and to each web that it crosses. This provides rigidity that prevents the Webs from displacing laterally. Permanent Continuous  Diagonal Bracing is required to restrain the CLR(s) and to Lateral Restraint transfer the cumulative force from the CLR(s) into a lateral force resisting system such as the roof or Ceiling Diaphragm. Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 20' or as specified. Closer spacing may be required by the Building Designer.

Lateral Restraint lapped over two Trusses or CLR splice reinforcement. Refer to Figure B3-7 for more information.

figure b3-11

Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 20' or as specified. Closer spacing may be Always Diagonally Brace the required by the Building Permanent Continuous Lateral Restraint! Designer. Note: Some chord and web members not shown for clarity.

EXAMPLES OF DIAGONAL BRACING WITH ONE ROW OF CONTINUOUS LATERAL RESTRAINT

Continuous Lateral Restraint

≤45˚

≤45˚ Diagonal Bracing

figure b3-12 figure b3-13 41 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 For webs that require two rows of CLR, the concepts are the Position Diagonal Bracing so that it same as those used to brace a single row of CLR (see Fig- crosses web in close proximity to each row of CLR ure B3-14 and B3-15 for examples). Position the Diagonal Brace(s) to cross the webs in close proximity to each Lateral Restraint to minimize the out-of-plane bending forces in the ≤45° web. Attach the Diagonal Brace(s) as close as possible to the Top and Bottom Chord Plane and to each web that the Diago- nal Brace(s) crosses. ≤45°

figure b3-14 figure b3-15

Position the Diagonal Brace so that it crosses 2x4 min. Stress-Graded Lumber Diagonal Brace. Attach web in close proximity Blocking on either side of to each Truss per fastener requirements on page 38, or as to the CLR Diagonal Brace location, if specified on the Construction Documents. required. See note below. Structural Sheathing

Compression web Truss Top Chord (sloping or vertical)

2x4 min. Stress-Graded Lumber Continuous Lateral Restraint with minimum one Truss overlap. Attach to each Truss per fastener requirements on page 38, Truss Bottom Chord or as specified on the Construction Documents and/or the TDDs.

Attach Diagonal Brace to Blocking on either side of Rigid ceiling Blocking as specified by the Diagonal Brace location, if Building Designer. required. See note below. figure b3-16

Note: To help transfer large Bracing forces into the roof and ceiling Diaphragms, dimension lumber Blocking may need to be installed between the Trusses on either side of the Diagonal Brace location as shown in Figure B3-16. Cut the Blocking to fit snuggly between the Trusses and attach to the Trusses and the Diaphragm. The Blocking helps to transfer the lateral Load directly from the Diagonal Brace into the Diaphragm.

 Diagonal Bracing combined with Lateral Restraint can also be and the Lateral Restraint. This is accomplished by attaching used with small groups of Trusses. Figure B3-17, page 43, the Diagonal Brace to the opposite side of the web with the provides an example of a Building containing nine Trusses Lateral Restraint. Attach the Diagonal Brace near the top of with three different configurations. Each Truss configuration the web of the first Truss and near the bottom of the web of contains web members that require Lateral Restraint, and the second Truss. Install dimension lumber blocking, of the these web members are in different locations for each con- same depth as the webs, directly behind the Lateral Restraint figuration. To ensure the webs of these Trusses are properly and attach the blocking to the Lateral Restraint, Diagonal braced, install Lateral Restraints (shown in green) and Diago- Brace and each web (see Figure B3-18, page 43). A second nal Bracing (shown in red) within each group of Trusses. Ex- option is to install two Diagonal Braces. Attach one end of tend the Diagonal Bracing from the Top Chord to the Bottom each Diagonal Brace to the web at the permanent restraint Chord of the adjacent Trusses. Attach the Diagonal Bracing location shown on the TDD and attach the other near the top to the Web of the middle Truss near the location of the CLR or bottom of the web of the adjacent Truss (see Figure B3-19, and to each intersecting Truss. This provides the rigidity that page 43). prevents the Webs and the CLR from displacing laterally.  Some Truss Manufacturers will mark the web member(s) that  If there are only two adjacent Trusses in which the webs require permanent restraint on the Truss itself. One supple- align, Diagonal Bracing and Lateral Restraint can still be used. mental marking example is the tag shown in Figure B3-20, One option is to attach the single Diagonal Brace to each Web page 43. 42 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

figure b3-17

ALWAYS refer to the TDD for information regarding web member Lateral Restraint requirements, since tags are not always used and can be mis-located or fall off. Structural Sheathing

 Unless otherwise specified, lumber used for Lateral Restraint Lateral and Diagonal Bracing shall be at least 2x4 Stress-Graded Restraint Lumber. Fasten to each Truss with at least 2-10d (0.128x3"), Diagonal 2-12d (0.128x3.25"), or 2-16d (0.131x3.5") nails as speci- Braces fied in the Construction Documents and/or on the TDDs. ≤45°  Proprietary Metal Restraint/Bracing Products are also available.

ALWAYS DIAGONALLY BRACE THE CONTINUOUS LATERAL RESTRAINT! figure b3-19

NOTE: WEB MEMBER Diagonal Brace PERMANENT LATERAL RESTRAINT REINFORCEMENT MAY ALSO BE POSSIBLE; SEE PLB 20100304 & DIAGONAL BRACING REQUIRED BCSI-B3 Lateral Restraint SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR LATERAL RESTRAINT; CONSULT BUILDING DESIGNER www.tpinst.org AND/OR BCSI-B3 FOR DIAGONAL BRACING

LATERAL Blocking RESTRAINT

VEA EL DIBUJO DE DISEÑO DE TRUSS PARA RESTRICCIÓN LATERAL; CONSULTE AL DISEÑADOR Plate Institute Truss Association & Structural Building Components DE EDIFICIO Y/O BCSI-B3 PARA ARRIOSTRE DIAGONAL RESTRICCIÓN LATERAL PERMANENTE Y ARRIOSTRE

DIAGONAL ES REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com figure b3-18 figure b3-20 43 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

Individual Web Reinforcement (Jobsite Applied)  Scab Reinforcement is installed on one face of the Web. It is often more structurally efficient for multiple-ply Webs and As stated in Section 2303.4.1.2 of the 2015 IBC (see also Chap- provides easier nailing because it is applied to a wide-face of ter 2 of ANSI/TPI 1), one Truss member permanent Bracing op- the Web. tion is that “Trusses shall be designed so that the buckling of any individual Truss member is resisted internally by the indi- Scab Reinforcement vidual Truss through suitable means (i.e., buckling reinforcement on one face by T-reinforcement or L-reinforcement, proprietary reinforcement, etc.). The buckling reinforcement of individual members of the Trusses shall be installed as shown on the Truss Design Drawing or on supplemental Truss member buckling reinforcement details Truss provided by the Truss Designer.” This individual member buckling member reinforcement is installed by the Contractor.

 T-, L-, Scab, I- or U-Reinforcement are five options that involve adding lumber to increase the web’s section properties, thereby increasing its resistance to buckling. Proprietary metal reinforcement products and stacked web products are figure b3-23 also viable alternatives. This type of reinforcement is typically used as an alternative to the combination of Continuous Lat-  I- and U-Reinforcement are similar to T- and L-Reinforcement, eral Restraint (CLR) and Diagonal Bracing when CLR is not respectively, except that two (2) pieces of lumber are added, possible or desirable. one to each narrow face of the Web. Refer to Figure B3-21  T-Reinforcement is commonly used and creates a “T” shape and B3-22, respectively, for examples of I- and U-Reinforce- when applied to the web member. ment..  The size, grade and species of the Web Reinforcement material, as well as the nailing schedule for attaching the reinforce- T-Reinforcement ment to the Web, is typically specified on the Truss Design Truss Drawing, or a supplemental document provided by the Truss member Designer. It is sometimes also specified in the Construction Documents prepared by the Building Designer.

I-Reinforcement  Table B3-2, page 45, provides generic reinforcement information that can be used in the event that information from the Truss Designer is not available. The reinforcement information in this table is limited to the reinforcement of Webs in single-ply Trusses in which there is either one or two rows of figure b3-21 CLR specified on the TDD. This information is conservative, and a more efficient means of reinforcement may be available from the Truss Designer.

 L-Reinforcement is similar to T-Reinforcement, but creates a  Some Truss Manufacturers provide additional assistance by flat surface on one face of the Truss to permit the direct ap- marking the web members that require permanent reinforce- plication of sheathing material. ment. An example of one such supplemental marking is the Truss Truss tag shown in Figure B3-24. member WEB REINFORCEMENT REqUIRED

See TruSS DeSign Drawing for Specific informaTion webreinf 20060409 www.tpinst.org

L-Reinforcement p late i nstitute on one edge U-Reinforcement a ll r ights eserved T, L or Scab reinforcemenT T, L o refuerZo c opyright © 1992-2006 De ScabS PLATE HERE ndustry & Truss – r epresenting the Structural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & Truss w T ca figure b3-22 Vea Dibujo De DiSeño De TruSS para información eSpecífica

REFUERZO DE MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO REqUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com figure b3-24 44 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

web reinforcement for single-ply Trusses1

Size Type & Size of Web Minimum Minimum Specified of Grade of Web Reinforcement Length of Web Connection of Web CLR Truss Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement to Web Web T L Scab2 I or U 2x4 2x4 2x4 2x4 90% of Web or 1 Row 2x6 2x6 2x6 2x6 Same species extend to within 2x8 2x8 2x8 2x8 and grade or 6" of end of 16d (0.131x3.5") nails 2x4 ------2-2x4 better than web member, @ 6" on-center2 whichever is 2 Rows 2x6 ------2-2x6 web member greater 2x8 ------2-2x8 11MaximumMaximum web allowable length is web 14'. length is 14'. 22AttachFor Scab Scab Reinforcement Reinforcement touse web 2 rowswith two of 10drows (0.120xof minimum 3") nails10d (0.120x3") at 6" on- centernails at to6" attachon-center. reinforcement to web table b3-2

Individual Web Reinforcement (Shop Applied) Gable End Frame Permanent Bracing  Proprietary metal reinforcement products and Stacked Web  Permanent Bracing in the Web Member Plane, installed at Reinforcement are installed by the Truss Manufacturer at the each end of the Building, serves to transfer lateral Loads act- Truss plant and eliminate the need for additional jobsite rein- ing against the end walls and gable ends of the Building into forcement of the Webs. the roof and/or ceiling Diaphragm. The Building Designer is responsible for the design of this Permanent Building Stability Specially designed Bracing. metal reinforcement  Metal plate connected Gable End Frames are often used directly above the end walls of a Building to save the Contractor Truss the time and expense of having to field frame the end wall to member match the roof slope.

 Most manufactured Gable End Frames contain only vertical “studs”(as opposed to the typical triangulated web members) and are designed to transfer only vertical roof Loads (gravity and/or uplift) directly into a continuous bearing below. Web member reinforcement shown on the TDD for these frames is figure b3-25 required to prevent column buckling of the web members due to the vertical Loads applied to the Truss.

Stacked Web Reinforcement plated Top Chord to Truss member Gable End Frame

Truss member

Continuous bearing wall

figure b3-27

figure b3-26

 Permanent Building Stability Bracing for wind, seismic and/or other lateral Loads acting perpendicular to the plane of the Trusses will always be needed in every Building. 45 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 In service, Gable End Frames also experience lateral Loads  The Building Designer, through detailing in the Construction parallel and perpendicular to their plane. The Gable End Frame Documents, is responsible for all Gable End Frame Bracing, shall be incorporated into the wall design by the Building De- including the Bracing member size and locations, attachment signer. to Trusses, gable end sheathing, and fastener size and locations including any mechanical Connectors required.

 Other factors the Building Designer shall consider include:

• Thickness and type of roof, wall and ceiling sheathing • Transfer of Load between the Gable End Frame Bottom Chord and wall below • Attachment of Structural Sheathing to the wall/Gable End Frame interface and attachment of wall to foundation to WIND resist uplift and lateral Loads

figure b3-28 Truss Designer Responsibilities for Gable End Frame Reinforcement  Gable End Frames rely on properly designed and installed  The Truss Designer must note on the TDD for the Gable End Structural Sheathing, Bracing and Connections to the bearing Frame the type and location of Permanent Individual Truss wall, and roof and Ceiling Diaphragms to be able to adequate- Member Restraint (PITMR) required to resist the vertical ly transfer lateral Loads acting parallel and perpendicular to Loads assumed in the design of the frame. Examples in- its plane. clude single or double L, T, U, Scab, horizontal L or any other means of reinforcement deemed appropriate to restrain the  The Building Designer, Truss Designer and Contractor all play out-of-plane buckling of the vertical “studs.” a vital role in Gable End Frame bracing.  The Truss Designer is responsible for indicating the loading Building Designer Responsibilities and environmental design assumptions used in the design of for Gable End Frame Bracing the Gable End Frame to conform to the Loads specified in the Construction Documents.  The Building Designer, knowing the intended flow of Loads for the entire Building, is responsible for taking the resultant Loads  In order to assist the Building Designer in determining the that exist within the Gable End Frame and safely transferring Bracing required to transfer lateral Loads from the Gable End these Loads into the ground. This typically involves transfer- Frame into the roof and/or Ceiling Diaphragm, many Truss De- ring the Loads through additional Bracing from the Gable End signers provide standard design tables and details based on Frame to the roof and Ceiling Diaphragms. the typical design assumptions used by Building Designers.

 Gable End Frame Bracing is designed by considering a number of factors including:

• The length, spacing, species and size of the Gable End Frame studs • Gravity Loads • Lateral Loads (wind and seismic) SAMPLE ONLY Exposure distance to terrain obstructions figure b3-30

Ridge

½h h ½h Mean Eave Roof Height

Ground

Wind figure b3-29 46 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

Lateral Force transfer to roof and Ceiling Diaphragms Gable End Roof Diaphragm Structural Building Components Association Frame

Ceiling Diaphragm

figure b3-31 Structural Sheathing End wall  These tables and details do some of the work of the Building figure b3-32 Designer with respect to incorporating the Gable End Frame into the overall structural design, but do not take the place of Potential Modes of Failure a complete flow of Loads analysis by the Building Designer. Roof Diaphragm

Contractor Responsibilities for Gable End Frame Bracing Excessive  The Contractor is responsible for properly installing the Gable bow in Gable End Frame End Frame as detailed in the Construction Documents and within the Truss Submittal Package.

Gable End Frame Bracing/Reinforcement Requirements  If the lateral Load is large enough, and the vertical studs are Ceiling and finish cracking and long enough, the Gable End Frame may require Bracing to related serviceability issues prevent it from rotating at the Gable End Frame/end wall in- (i.e., construction defects) terface, along with Diagonal Bracing and/or Web Reinforce- ment to prevent the vertical Webs from bending excessively. Connection failure between top of end wall and bottom of Gable End Frame Serviceability failures often occur if the Gable End Frame is not properly braced. figure b3-33

 Gable End Frame Bracing/reinforcement helps prevent these  Typical Gable End Frame Bracing/reinforcement details in- types of serviceability failures and safely transfers forces clude Blocking at the ceiling and roof level Diaphragms, gable from the Gable End Frame into the associated Diaphragms. stud reinforcement, horizontal reinforcement and/or Diagonal Bracing, mechanical Connectors/straps and specific fastener size and frequency schedules.

47 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 Examples of Gable End Frame Bracing/reinforcement.  Examples of Gable End Frame Web Reinforcement.

figure b3-36

Note: Top Chord sheathing not shown for clarity.

figure b3-34

Diagonal Brace to roof Diaphragm Blocking

Gable End Frame

Roof Diaphragm Scab Reinforcement on one face Blocking Truss member

figure b3-37 Horizontal L- Reinforcement

Bottom Chord Permanent Continuous Lateral Restraint

Gable end wall permanent Diagonal Bracing. Locate in line with Bottom Chord permanent CLR or as specified in the Construction Documents (see Figure B3-40, page 50). figure b3-35

Note: The Diagonal Brace from the top of the end wall to the top chord of the Truss will impart a vertical force to the Truss Top Chord. This is in addition to any uplift forces the roof sheathing will impart to the Truss from wind. The Load from this brace must be considered in the design and attachment of the supporting Truss.

48 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 Sample detail of Gable End Frame Bracing and Reinforcement  Sample “Standard Gable End Frame Detail” (as provided by (as provided by the Building Designer). the Truss Designer)

Fasten OSB to framing @ 3" o.c. on edge, 6" April 1, 2011 o.c. in field with 8d Block Sheathing 2x4 SYP outrigger at 24" edges within 4' o.c. Clip to Gable Top 7/16" OSB of Gable Truss Chord with HB w/(10) 8d. Structural Building Components Association

Block between outlookers. Fasten to Gable Top Chord w/ 10d toe-nails @ 8" o.c.

2x4 No. 2 SYP X- Gable Top Chord bracing at mid-span L-Reinforcement on Gable and at 48" o.c. run Verts as specified by Truss back 8' from Gable. Manufacturer. Attach to Gable Gable Truss and Truss verticals If vertical is not present, SAMPLE ONLY w/(3) 16d. scab full height vertical from Bottom Chord to Top Chord w/(4) 10d each end. (TYP) Clip end of Lateral Restraint 2x4x8' SYP Lateral Strap Gable Truss to Gable Bottom Chord with Restraint @ 48". to stud wall with (2) H2.5 w/(8) 8d. Fastened to each MSTA12 with (8) Truss w/ (2) 16d 10d @ 48" o.c. Gable Bottom Chord. Fasten common. to top plate w/ 10d toe-nails @ 8" o.c. figure b3-38 figure b3-39

49 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

 Sample detail of permanent restraint/Bracing near end of Building. Note: All Lateral Restaint and Diagonal Bracing material shall be a minimum of 2x4 Stress- graded Lumber (as specified on the TDD or by the Building Designer).

LEGEND:

Bottom Chord Diagonal Bracing

Web Plane Diagonal Bracing figure b3-40 Note: Top chord sheathing not shown for clarity. Continuous Lateral Restraint

Vertical Web Diagonal Bracing

Balloon-Framed Gable End Walls and Sloped Bottom Chord Gable End Frames  The Building Designer may decide to design a balloon-framed end wall, which eliminates the need for a Gable End Frame (see Figure B3-41). If a Gable End Frame is used, it must match the profile of the adjacent Trusses so that proper Bot- tom Chord Plane Bracing can be installed (see Figure B3- 42A), unless special Bracing is designed to support the end wall.

CAUTION A flat Bottom Chord Gable End Frame used with adjacent Trusses that have sloped Bottom Chords (see Figure B3-42B) creates a hinge in the wall/gable interface that is below the Bottom Chord Plane Diaphragm. This condition is prohibited by some Building codes because adequate Brac- Example of balloon-framed ing of this condition is difficult and sometimes impossible. Gable End wall. Special end wall Bracing design considerations are required by the Building Designer if the Gable End Frame profile does Fireblocking not shown for clarity. not match the adjacent Trusses. figure b3-41

Bottom Chord Plane

Example of raked gable end wall (with Scissors Gable End Frame)

figure b3-42a figure b3-42b 50 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

Diagonal Bracing PERMANENT BRACING FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS at end of Building Web members Sway Bracing

 Diagonal Bracing, installed at both ends of a Building and repeated along the length of the Building at intervals specified by the Build- ing Designer, helps to stabilize the Truss System and minimize the lateral movement due to lateral Bottom Loads. Also referred to as “sway” Chords Bracing, this Bracing serves to stiffen the Truss System, thereby Spacing of “sway” greatly reducing stresses caused Bracing as specifed by the Building Designer by movement or displacement of the Trusses. 10' max. Same spacing Note: Some chord and web as bottom chord Lateral Restraint members not shown for clarity. figure b3-43

Structural Sheathing

Purlins

Sway Bottom Chord Bracing Lateral Restraint

>4' o.c. >4' o.c. Structural Sheathing

Sway Purlins figure b3-44 Bracing Bottom Chord Lateral Restraint  Sway bracing is typically installed on web members (verticals whenever possible) located at or near each row of Bot- >4' o.c. >4' o.c. tom Chord Lateral Restraint and should extend from the Top Note: Reinforce Lateral Restraints and Bracing, as required, for Truss Chord Plane to the Bottom Chord Plane at right angles to the Spacings greater than 4' o.c. Trusses. figure b3-45  Sway Bracing is designed and installed at the discretion of the Building Designer and is not always required.

 Sway Bracing, if continuous, also serves to distribute gravity Loads between Trusses of varying stiffness.

Continuous “sway” or “X” Bracing along the length of the Building figure b3-46

51 BCSI-B3: Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members

Permanent Bracing for the Top Chord in a Piggyback Assembly Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 10' or as specified. CLR (in  Long span or steeply pitched Trusses are often too large to be Closer spacing may green) at ≤ manufactured, shipped and erected in one piece. In these situ- be required by the the spacing ations, the Trusses are manufactured in two or more “pieces” Building Designer. specified and assembled at the jobsite. A “Piggyback” Truss assembly on the ≤45˚ Truss Design is an example of a multi-piece Truss in which a supporting Drawing (carrying) Truss is topped with a smaller, supported (cap) Truss carried directly on top of the supporting Truss.

 A critical consideration with a Piggyback assembly is to make sure that the portion of the Top Chord of the supporting Truss located directly beneath the cap Truss is adequately braced to prevent it from buckling out from under the supported Truss. Bracing for this portion of the Top Chord is accomplished in figure b3-47 several ways including: Cap • Rows of 4x2 Stress-Graded Lumber CLR and Diagonal Trusses Bracing (see Figure B3-47) • Connecting the CLR into the roof Diaphragm • Adding Structural Sheathing or using Bracing frames (see Continuous Lateral Restraint Figure B3-48) (required only if • Some other equivalent means Bracing Frame or Structural Sheath-  The combination of Diagonal Bracing and CLR as a means of ing is installed Bracing the Top Chord of the supporting Truss is fairly com- intermittently) mon, especially for conditions where the axial forces in the Top Chord are fairly small and the length of the flat portion of the chord is relatively short.

 Multiple rows of CLR are typically required and installed Bracing Frame across the length of the flat portion of the Top Chord of the or Structural supporting Truss. Sheathing Supporting If Diagonal Bracing is used to restrain the CLR(s) Trusses and to transfer the cumulative force from the CLR(s) into the roof Diaphragm, repeat the Diagonal Bracing at 10' intervals or as specified. Closer spacing may be required by the Building Designer.

 If a Structural Sheathing is used to brace the flat portion of the Top Chords, openings must be provided to permit ventila- figure b3-48 tion between the upper and lower portions of the Piggyback assembly.

 The TDD provides the maximum assumed spacing for at-  The supporting Trusses shall have all of the required Tempo- taching the Lateral Restraint or sheathing to the Top Chord rary Bracing discussed in BCSI-B2 and Top Chord Permanent based on the Load conditions for which the Truss has been Bracing discussed here installed BEFORE installing the cap designed. The TDD also provides the assumed thickness of Trusses. the restraint and the minimum Connection requirements between the cap and the supporting Truss or restraint. Note: There are a variety of options for using a Bracing frame to laterally restrain and brace the flat portion of the Top Chord of The Truss Designer and Truss Manufacturer shall be the supporting Trusses in a Piggyback assembly. Visit the SBCA notified prior to manufacturing the Trusses if the spacing and website at sbcindustry.com for details and ideas. thickness of the restraint and Bracing between the supported and supporting Trusses will be different than what is shown on the TDD.

52 BCSI-B4

CONSTRUCTION LOADING

The term “construction loading” is typically used to describe Maximum Stack Height Loads from workers and Building materials on an unfinished for Material on Trusses1,2 structure; for example, when builders temporarily stack bundles of panel sheathing or gypsum board on installed Trusses during Material Height the construction process. Gypsum Board 12"  Make sure that the Truss assembly is properly restrained and Plywood or OSB 16" braced according to the guidelines in BCSI-B1 and BCSI-B2. Asphalt Shingles 2 bundles Concrete Block 8"  Construction Loads shall be placed only on fully restrained and braced structures. Clay Tile 3-4 tiles high table B4-1 WARNING Trusses by themselves are very unstable and have 1. This table is based on Trusses designed with a live Load of 40 psf or greater. NO CAPACITY to carry Load until they are properly restrained For other loading conditions, contact a Registered Design Professional. and braced. Placing Loads on Trusses that have not been 2. Limit stacking periods to approximately one week unless alternative informa- properly restrained and braced is hazardous and prohibited. tion is provided by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufac- Property damage, personal injury and/or death are possible if turer. this warning is not heeded. Note: Heavy roofing tile such as clay or stone slate is often “dry-  Use extreme caution when placing Construction Loads and stacked” on the roof for a period of time to allow the roof/ceiling as- only stack reasonable amounts of materials (see Table B4-1). sembly time to “settle” before the finished ceiling is installed. Limit stack heights to those provided in Table B4-1 and stacking periods CAUTION Stacking excessive amounts of construction mate- to approximately one week, unless alternative information is provid- rials on floor or roof Trusses is an unsafe practice. ed by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer.

Trusses that have been over-stressed due to exces- DON’T exceed stack heights listed in Table B4-1 unless alter- sive Construction Loading will usually show excessive sagging native information is provided by the Building Designer, Truss (deflection) and at least a portion of this deflection will remain Designer or Truss Manufacturer. even after the Load has been removed. In more severe cases, broken Truss members and/or failed Truss joints may result. Diagonal Properly restrain and brace Lateral Bracing Trusses before stacking con- Restraint struction materials on them. CONSTRUCTION LOADING DO’S AND DON’TS Structural Sheathing DON’T stack materials on unbraced Trusses.

figure b4-2

DON’T allow the stack to lean against walls.

figure b4-1 DON’T stack materials in concen-  DO stack a reasonable amount of material that will not over- trated areas so that they overload load the Trusses. (Note: Trusses must be properly restrained a single or small group of Trusses. and braced first). FIGURE B4-3

53 BCSI-B4: Construction Loading

 DO stack materials along exterior supports or directly over in-  DO leave construction materials on lifting equipment until interior supports of properly restrained and braced structures. stallation, if possible.

 DO restrain Loads to keep from sliding.

photo b4-1

Girder Truss

FIGURE B4-4 Truss bracing not shown for clarity.

DON’T stack materials at or near the midspan of the Trusses. Never exceed stack heights per Table B4-1, page 53, unless alternative information is provided by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer. FIGURE B4-8

DON’T stack materials at locations that will produce instability, such as on cantilevers, overhangs or near Truss-to-Girder Truss Connections.

cantilever FIGURE B4-9

DON’T pile cut-off tile and/or other construction waste on FIGURE B4-5 Truss roofs.

 DO distribute Loads over as many Trusses as possible. Position stacks of materials flat with the longest dimension perpendicular to the Trusses as shown. FIGURE B4-6

photo b4-2 DON’T drop Loads of any materials on Trusses. Truss damage from the impact is possible even if the weight of the ma- WARNING Excessive Construction Loads on floor or roof terial is small. Trusses is an unsafe practice and shall be avoided. Property damage, serious personal injury and/or death are possible if these recommendations are not followed.

FIGURE B4-7 54 BCSI-B5

TRUSS DAMAGE, JOBSITE MODIFICATIONS & INSTALLATION ERRORS

 Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses are pre-fabricated FOLLOW THESE STEPS TO CORRECT DAMAGE, JOB- Structural Building Components, assembled with wood SITE MODIFICATIONS OR INSTALLATION ERRORS members and Truss Plates designed to carry superimposed Loads.  If a Truss is damaged, altered or improperly installed:

 Damage, jobsite modifications or improper installation will 1. Temporarily brace or support the Truss to prevent further reduce the strength of a Truss. Seek professional assistance damage to the Truss and danger to workers. from the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manu- facturer to remedy the condition. 2. Report damage, alterations or installation errors to the Truss Manufacturer immediately.  Some Truss Manufacturers will mark the Trusses with warnings against jobsite modifications. An example of one such 3. Do not attempt to repair the Truss without a Repair Detail supplemental marking is the Truss tag shown in Figure B5-1. from the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manu- facturer.

4. Prior to beginning the repair, lay the Truss flat on a solid, level surface. If the Truss is already installed, shore up the Truss to relieve any Load.

5. Repair the Truss by following the information provided in the Repair Detail exactly. Make sure to use the correct materials as specified. Seek professional guidance if anything is unclear.

6. Keep the Repair Detail in case the Building Official, Building Designer or Owner requests it.

FIGURE B5-1 7. If the Repair Detail is not for the specific field condition you are repairing, do not use it. Always follow the Repair Detail prepared for your specific situation.

8. If the designed repair cannot be accomplished, call the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer.

COMMON REPAIR TECHNIQUES

 Each Repair Detail is generated on a case-by-case basis, since Trusses and the type of damage vary considerably. Some of the more common repairs specified by Truss De- signers include: photo B5-1 • Plywood or oriented strand board (OSB) gussets over damaged plates or joints DON’T cut Truss Webs. The modification shown in Photo • Metal nail-on plates B5-1 requires a repair. • Lumber scabs or repair frames over broken chords and/or Webs The Contractor shall ensure that handling and installation  • Truss Plates installed by a portable press procedures do not reduce the Load carrying capacity of the Truss. See BCSI-B1 for handling and installation best practices. 55 BCSI-B5: Truss Damage, Jobsite Modifications & Installation Errors

EXAMPLES OF COMMON DAMAGE,  Is the plate or joint damaged? If so, provide: MODIFICATIONS AND INSTALLATION ERRORS • Location or the TDD joint number of the damaged plate or Figure B5-2 provides illustrations of commonly reported damage joint and modifications. If you see one of the conditions detailed below • Size of the damaged plate (or anything unusual), follow these steps: • Description of plate or joint damage (e.g., loose plate, missing plate, joint gaps, plate peeling, cut, drilled hole, etc.) • Indicate if there is damage to one or both faces of the plate/ Cracked web joint

 Digital photographs of the damaged area, jobsite modifica- Damaged plate tions or installation errors sent as quickly as possible to the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer save significant time in trying to explain the site situation or circumstances and will expedite the repair process.

 Below is an example of a Repair Detail for a Truss that has Removed plate Drilled hole been shortened.

FIGURE B5-2

 Describe the damage directly on the original Truss Design Drawing (TDD) included in the jobsite package.

photo B5-2

FIGURE B5-3

A great help to starting the repair process is to draw a picture of the damage on the original TDD or take a digital photograph and fax, email or deliver it to the Truss Manufacturer. Be prepared to FIGURE B5-4 supply the Truss Manufacturer with the following information:

 Job name and/or number

 Truss ID mark

 Location of the Truss on the Truss Placement Diagram (if one has been provided)

 Is the Truss installed or is it still in the stack?

 Is the lumber damaged? If so, provide:

• Exact location of damage from a known location such as a Panel Point or bearing location • Description of damage (e.g., crack, break, cut, drilled hole, etc.) • Dimension of the damaged area (e.g., 4" break or 2" drilled hole) 56 BCSI-B6

Notice: The information formerly in Section B6, Gable End Frame Bracing, of BCSI 1-03 has been incorporated into Section B3, Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords and Web Members, in this edition of BCSI. While Section B6 is currently vacant, it is anticipated that it will be used in future editions of BCSI to provide information on some other aspect involving the handling, installing, restraining or Bracing of Structural Building Components.

57 BCSI-B6

Notes:

58 BCSI-B7

TEMPORARY & PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING OF 3x2 AND 4x2 PARALLEL CHORD TRUSSES

The restraint and Bracing recommendations discussed in BCSI- COMMON INSTALLATION ERRORS B7 address Parallel Chord Trusses (PCT) built with the wide-face of the lumber oriented horizontally. Refer to BCSI-B2 for recom- Truss “A” is installed “backwards” and “upside down.” mendations for PCT built with the wide-face of the lumber oriented vertically. 6 Intended  PCT are used primarily in floor Truss “A” bearing and flat roof applications. location “Ribbon notch” should be on top  Both 3x2 and 4x2 lumber are Truss “B” is installed correctly. widely used in PCT construction. 3  The wider bearing surface Truss “B” (2.5" for 3x2 and 3.5" for 4x2), shallow depths (typically 24" FIGURE B7-1 FIGURE B7-4 or less) and relatively short spans (40' or less) make PCT easier to handle and much  It is critically important that Bottom Chord Bearing PCT be more stable during the erection/installation process. installed with the correct side up and in the correct orientation. Many Truss Manufacturers will use supplemental tags  Top Chord Bearing PCT are more stable than Bottom Chord (as shown below) to instruct and warn the Contractor to cor- Bearing Trusses during the erection/installation process be- rectly position Trusses during erection/installation. cause their center of gravity is typically below the bearing surface.

STANDARD FLOOR DETAILS

FIGURE B7-5

FIGURE B7-2 FIGURE B7-3

FIGURE B7-6 STORAGE AND HANDLING  Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing of PCT are extremely Refer to BCSI-B1 for information concerning storage and han- important. dlling of PCT.  Spacing between rows of Top Chord Temporary Lateral Re- straint (TCTLR) shall not exceed 10' on-center (o.c.) for 3x2 chords, and 15' o.c. for 4x2 chords.  Diagonal Bracing is critical and shall be installed at a maximum of every 15 Truss spaces or less.

59 BCSI-B7: Temporary & Permanent Restraint/Bracing for Parallel Chord Trusses

INSTALLATION RESTRAINT/BRACING REQUIREMENTS

Diagonal Bracing 10' or 15'* Repeat Diagonal Bracing every 15 Truss spaces (30' max.)

Apply Diagonal Brace to vertical webs at end of cantilever and at interior and exterior bearing locations. All Lateral Restraint lapped at least two Trusses.

FIGURE B7-7 See and Figures B7-8, 9, 10 and 11 below. Repeat every 15 Truss spaces (30' max.)

*Spacing between rows of Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) shall be 10' o.c. max. for 3x2 chords and 15' o.c. for 4x2 chords.

 End diagonals, with TCTLR or Ribbon (band) board, Blocking  For Bottom Chord Bearing Trusses, TCTLR at Truss ends are Panels, or Rim board (see Figures B7-8, 9, 10 and 11) are not required if Blocking panels, Ribbon board or Rim board examples of framing components that provide stability to the are used. See details in Figures B7-9, 10 and 11. PCT during installation. Install one of these types of components on both ends of the Truss System and repeat every 15  Bottom Chord Permanent Lateral Restraint shall be installed Truss spaces (30' maximum), see Figure B7-7. in rows not exceeding 10' o.c. or as directed by the Construc- tion Documents or Building Designer. Structural Sheathing, Ribbon board with Structural Sheathing, Blocking panels, or Rim board are also capable of transferring lateral Loads as part of the Permanent Building Stability Bracing (PBSB) system if installed in accordance with the PBSB specifications.

FIGURE B7-8 TCTLR with FIGURE B7-9 Ribbon board with Diagonal Brace Diagonal Brace

FIGURE B7-10 Blocking panel FIGURE B7-11 Rim board

60 BCSI-B7: Temporary & Permanent Restraint/Bracing for Parallel Chord Trusses

PERMANENT RESTRAINT & BRACING  When specified to control vibration in floor assemblies, or to protect brittle floor surfaces such as ceramic tile  Permanently restrain and brace the top chords of the PCT and stone, the Contractor shall locate the Strongback- with properly sized and attached strutural sheathing. ing as stipulated on the Truss Design Drawing and as required by the floor surfacing specifications unless oth-  Permanently restrain and brace the bottom chords of the PCT erwise specified. with directly applied gypsum board ceiling or with rows of lateral restraint installed at 10' on-center along the Truss span  When specified to control deflection in floor assemblies, and diagonal bracing installed at no more than 20' intervals unless otherwise specified, install one Strongback near along the run of Trusses, unless otherwise specified. the centerline of the Truss clear span when the deflection due to live Load exceeds 0.67" and install two Strong-  Install Structural Sheathing, Ribbon board with Structural backs near the centerline of the clear span, or near the Sheathing, Blocking panels, or Rim board (see Figures B7- third points of the clear span, when the live Load deflec- 8,9,10 and 11 on page 60) at the bearing locations of bottom tion exceeds 0.85". chord bearing PCT as specified by the Building Designer to transfer lateral diaphragm forces to the shear walls. Column  Cross bridging is permitted as an alternative to Strong- backing as determined by the designer specifying the  Install solid blocking directly Stongbacking. beneath load bearing columns to maintain a load path Solid  Attach the ends of each row of Strongbacks to a wall or through the floor to the sup- Blocking another secure end restraint. porting structure below.  Many Truss Manufacturers will also include a supplemen- FIGURE B7-12 tal tag, such as the one shown below, to further assist the erection/installation Contractor in correctly installing STRONGBACKING PROVISIONS Strongbacking. Strongbacking is intended to enhance the performance of the Truss by helping to limit differential deflection between adjacent Trusses STRONGBACKiNG sbr 20070109 see truss design drawing for specific information and to reduce vibration. Strongbacking is generally attached to RECOMMENDED www.tpinst.org

2x6 strongback russ p late i nstitute t vertical Webs or scabs at specified intervals and locations. ANSI/ at 10' o.c. 2x6 espaLda TPI 1 provides the following provisions for using Strongbacking: a ll r ights eserved fuerte en 10' o.c.  Use a minimum 2x6 (nominal) lumber oriented with the CABALLETE c opyright © 1992-2007 depth vertical. DE "STRONG- PLATE HERE – r epresenting the s tructural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & BACKiNG" wtca  Attach the Strongbacking to each Truss with a minimum Vea dibujo de diseño de truss of three (3) 10d (0.131x3.0") nails. Shim the joint between RECOMENDADA para información específica www.sbcindustry.com the Strongback and Truss to ensure a solid Connection. FIGURE B7-15

 The Strongbacking shall be as continuous as possible. When required to be cut, removed, or modified to allow WARNING: LATERAL RESTRAINT the installation of mechanical and/or plumbing lines, the & DIAGONAL BRACING ARE continuity at adjoining floor sections shall be maintained VERY IMPORTANT! as specified by the designer specifying the Strongback- ing. Do not walk on unbraced Trusses.  Spacing between Strongbacking shall not exceed 10'.

FIGURE B7-16

FIGURE B7-13 Minimum 2x6 FIGURE B7-14 Minimum 2x6 61 BCSI-B7: Temporary & Permanent Restraint/Bracing for Parallel Chord Trusses

CONSTRUCTION LOADING Note: Heavy roofing tile, such as clay or stone slate, is often “dry- stacked” on the roof for a period of time to allow the roof/ceiling as-  Construction materials shall be distributed properly. See sembly time to “settle” before the finished ceiling is installed. Limit BCSI-B4 for additional information. stack heights to those provided in Table B7-1 and stacking periods to approximately one week, unless alternative information is provid-  Always stack materials over two or more Trusses. ed by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manufacturer.

ALTERATIONS

Do NOT cut, alter, or drill any structural member of a Truss unless specifically permitted by the Truss Design Drawing. FIGURE B7-17

FIGURE B7-18 FIGURE B7-20

Never overload small groups or single Trusses. Do not lean stacks of materials against walls. Trusses that have been overloaded during construction or altered without the Truss Manufaturer’s prior approval Don’t drop Loads of any material on Trusses. Truss Damage will render the Truss Manufacturer’s limited warranty null and from the impact is possible even if the weight of the material void. is small. Refer also to BCSI-B5 Truss Damage, Jobsite Modi-  Position load over as many fications & Installation Errors. Trusses as possible with longest dimension perpendicular to Trusses. SPECIAL CONDITIONS

 Place material next to outside Attachment of residential decks to Trusses requires Load bearing wall or directly the use of a standard detail provided by the Truss manufac- over interior bearing wall. FIGURE B7-19 turer or by a registered design professional. An alternative is  Position stacks of materials flat with the longest dimension to use a free standing deck. perpendicular to the Trusses as shown in Figure B7-19.  Refer to the SBCA Research Re- 1. This table is based on Trusses port, SRR No. 1408-01, Attach- Maximum Stack Height designed with a live Load of ment of Residential Deck Ledger 40 psf or greater. For other 1,2 to Metal Plate Connected Wood for Material on Trusses Loading conditions, contact a Registered Design Profes- Truss Floor Systems for special Material Height sional. blocking details and attachment Gypsum Board 12" 2. Stack heights assume short- requirements poo(sbcindustry. FIGURE B7-21 term duration of Load. Install com). Plywood or OSB 16" stacks of materials as quickly as possible. Asphalt Shingles 2 bundles DO NOT attach the deck ledger to 2x_ ribbon board unless Concrete Block 8" a special detail has been provided by the Truss Designer or Building Designer. Clay Tile 3-4 tiles high table B7-1

62 BCSI-B8

USING TOE-NAILED CONNECTIONS TO ATTACH TRUSSES AT BEARING LOCATIONS

GENERAL 2. Species of Lumber

 Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses are typically designed The species of wood that the nail is driven into also affects the to bear directly on top of a wall or beam, or to frame into amount of resistance provided by a Toe-nailed Connection. More the side of a Girder Truss. In many instances, a Toe-nailed specifically, nail resistance to withdrawal and lateral forces is di- Connection can be used to attach the Truss to the support. rectly related to the specific gravity (SG) of the wood. For exam- As with any Connection, the Toe-nailing shall be capable of ple, a Toe-nailed Connection into Southern Pine (SG = 0.55) will resisting and transferring the applicable loads. provide greater resistance than the same Connection into Spruce- Pine-Fir (SG = 0.42). FACTORS AFFECTING THE STRENGTH OF A TOE-NAILED CONNECTION

 The resistance provided by a Toe-nailed Connection is gov- erned by the following factors:

1. Proper Installation

To get the most out of a Toe-nailed Connection, it is important to FIGURE B8-2 Toe-nail correctly. Figure B8-1 illustrates proper Toe-nailing of a Truss to the wood top plates of a bearing wall. The dimensions shown are only meant to serve as an approximate guide. Toe-nail- 3. Length of Penetration ing through a Metal Connector Plate of a Truss does not adversely affect the uplift capacity of the Connection, provided the Truss The withdrawal and lateral resistance provided by a nail depends, Plate and lumber are not damaged during installation. in part, on the length of penetration into the wood member. The greater the penetration, the greater the resistance. Section A-A 4. Type of Nail

The type of nail used in a Toe-nailed Connection also influences Truss capacity. The larger the diameter of the nail shank, the greater Wall top the resistance to withdrawal and lateral Loads. For this reason, plate common wire nails provide greater resistance than the same size (i.e., penny-weight) of box, sinker or gun nails. The type of nail A A 3-½" shank will also influence nail holding capacity. Deformed shank (i.e., ring- or screw-shank) typically provide greater withdrawal resistance than smooth shank nails. 30°  When installing Toe-nails, use care to avoid splitting the wood. The Building Designer typically provides nail spacing and Truss Wall top minimum end and edge distances. In lieu of such guidance, plate 1/3 Nail length a well accepted rule is to limit the total number of Toe-nails to three (total, including both sides) for full bearing on a 2x4 5-½" top plate (i.e., 3-1/2") and five (total, including both sides) for full bearing on a 2x6 top plate (i.e., 5-1/2") (see Figure B8-1). FIGURE B8-1 When using Toe-nails to attach the Top or Bottom Chord of a Truss to the side of a Girder Truss or wood beam, the number of nails used is generally limited to a maximum of three Toe- nails for 2x4 chords and four Toe-nails for 2x6 chords.

63 BCSI-B8: Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations

 The National Design Specification® (NDS®) for Wood Con- struction provides the engineering basis for Toe-nail and slant- nail Connections when used to resist withdrawal and lateral

Loads. The design values included in this document were de- SNOW veloped using the provisions of the 2012 edition of NDS®. UPLIFT TOE-NAILING USED WITH BOTTOM BEARING APPLICATIONS

 Trusses designed to bear directly on top of a structural wood support are often attached by Toe-nailing the Truss chord FIGURE B8-4 to the support. Toe-nailing used in this type of application is typically required to resist uplift and lateral forces.

Vertical Loads WIND (gravity and uplift) UPLIFT UPLIFT

Lateral Loads (parallel to wall)

Lateral Loads FIGURE B8-5 (perpendicular to wall)  Wind and seismic forces acting on the Building produce lateral Loads that are often transferred at the Truss bearing loca- FIGURE B8-3 tions. The magnitude and direction of these wind and seismic Loads are to be provided by the Building Designer.  Wind Loads acting on a Truss, as well as certain multi-span Truss applications supporting gravity Loads, can produce uplift reactions at Truss bearing locations. The magnitudes of these uplift reactions are typically provided on the Truss Design Drawing (TDD).

Example of lateral Load paths through the roof of a Building

Lateral Load applied to end wall Lateral Load applied to side wall

FIGURE B8-6 64 BCSI-B8: Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations

HOW MUCH UPLIFT AND LATERAL RESISTANCE (i.e., 150 x 1.6 = 240 lbs > 225), 5-16d box nails (i.e., 155 x 1.6 CAN TOE-NAILING PROVIDE? = 248 lbs > 225), or 5-12d common nails (i.e., 155 x 1.6 = 248 lbs > 225) would be required to resist this uplift, using a Load Table B8-1 provides the uplift and lateral Load capacities of Toe- duration factor of 1.6 for wind. nailed Connections consisting of three, four or five nails for various types of nails and species of wood. The table assumes the nails The calculated lateral resistance capacity of each of these Toe- are installed a distance of either L/3 (i.e., length of nail divided by nailed Connections can be determined from the righthand side of 3) or 1-1/8" from the top surface of the plate (support) (Figure Table B8-1. The Connections consisting of 5-16d (0.131x3.5") B8-1, page 63). The values listed are for normal Load duration and nails can resist a lateral Load due to wind of 340 x 1.6 = 544 are permitted to be multiplied by the Load duration factor (Table lbs at a Load duration factor of 1.6. Similarly a Connection using B8-2, page 66) appropriate for the specific application. 5-16d box nails can resist approximately 584 lbs, and a Connec- tion with 5-12d common nails can resist approximately 664 lbs. Example: A Truss manufactured with SPF chords and Webs bears on top of a bearing wall with double 2x6 SPF top plates. The TDD Note: Uplift and lateral Loads can occur simultaneously and the for this Truss indicates a maximum uplift reaction due to wind of capacity of Toe-nailed Connections should be evaluated under this 225 lbs. From the columns marked “Uplift Capacity” in Table B8- combined Loading. It is best to have the Building Designer evalu- 1, a Toe-nailed Connection of either 5-16d 0.131" diameter nails ate the Load transfer path and the Truss to bearing Connection to determine what is required.

TABLE b8-1 Nominal Uplift and Lateral Capacity per Toe-Nail Joint Connection into Double Top Plate of Wall1 Uplift Capacity (lbs) with Common Species3,4,5 Lateral Resistance Capacity (lbs) with Common Species3,4 Nail Type & No. of Load Duration Factor = 1.0 Size2 Toe-Nails SP DF-L HF SPF SPF(s) SP DF-L HF SPF SPF(s) (SG = 0.55) (SG = 0.50) (SG = 0.43) (SG = 0.42) (SG = 0.36) (SG = 0.55) (SG = 0.50) (SG = 0.43) (SG = 0.42) (SG = 0.36) 3 174 138 96 90 60 264 243 210 204 180 16d (0.131x3.5") 4 232 184 128 120 80 352 324 280 272 240 5 290 230 160 150 100 440 405 350 340 300 3 147 114 78 75 51 222 204 177 171 150 12d (0.120x3.25") 4 196 152 104 100 68 296 272 236 228 200 5 245 190 130 125 85 370 240 295 285 250 3 126 99 69 66 45 222 204 177 171 150 10d (0.120x3.0") 4 168 132 92 88 60 296 272 236 228 200 5 210 165 115 110 75 370 240 295 285 250 3 138 108 75 72 48 264 243 210 204 180 10d (0.131x3.0") 4 184 144 100 96 64 352 324 280 272 240 5 230 180 125 120 80 440 405 350 340 300 3 180 141 99 93 63 282 258 222 219 189 16d Box (0.135x3.5") 4 240 188 132 128 84 376 344 296 292 252 5 300 235 165 155 105 470 430 370 365 315 3 135 108 72 69 48 252 231 201 195 171 10d Box (0.128x3.0") 4 180 144 96 92 64 336 308 268 260 228 5 225 180 120 115 80 420 385 335 325 285 3 84 66 45 42 30 198 180 156 153 132 8d Box (0.113x2.5") 4 112 88 60 56 40 264 240 208 204 176 5 140 110 75 70 50 330 300 260 255 220 3 216 171 117 111 75 384 351 304 297 261 16d Common (0.162x3.5") 4 288 228 156 148 100 512 468 404 396 348 5 360 285 195 185 125 640 585 505 495 435 3 180 141 96 93 63 321 294 255 249 216 12d Common (0.148x3.25") 4 240 188 128 124 84 428 392 340 332 288 5 300 235 160 155 105 535 490 425 415 360 3 156 123 84 81 54 321 294 255 249 216 10d Common (0.148x3.0") 4 208 164 112 108 72 428 392 340 332 288 5 260 205 140 135 90 535 490 425 415 360 3 99 78 54 51 33 243 222 192 186 165 8d Common (0.131x2.5") 4 132 104 72 68 44 324 296 256 248 220 5 165 130 90 85 55 405 370 320 310 275 Footnotes: 3. Nominal uplift and lateral resistance capacities are based on wood species of the top plate, 1. a. The capacities in this table are for normal load duration and assume moisture, tempera- where SP = Southern Pine, DF-L = Douglas Fir-Larch, HF = Hem-Fir, SPF = Spruce- ture and end grain factor of 1.0. Refer to NDS® if other adjustments are required. Pine-Fir, and SPF(s) = Spruce-Pine-Fir (South). b. Apply fire retardant treated lumber adjustment factors per manufacturer’s specifications. 4. If the Truss Bottom Chord and wall plate are different species, use the species with the c. Per NDS®, edge distances, end distances and spacing shall be sufficient to prevent the lowest specific gravity to determine the lateral Load capacity of the fasteners. splitting of the wood. 5. Nominal uplift capacities assume full penetration of the Toe-nail into the top plate. Double 2. For capacities of nail types and sizes not shown, consult a Registered Design Professional. 2x_ plates are required for nail lengths greater than 2.69". 65 BCSI-B8: Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations

Note: Trusses are intended to carry Loads applied parallel to their TOE-NAILING USED TO ATTACH plane (i.e., depth) and not perpendicular to it. The lateral Load JACK TRUSSES TO A GIRDER transfer through the Truss as depicted in Figure B8-7 occurs unless Blocking or some other means is provided that will transfer  Toe-nailing is often used to attach corner and end jack this Load directly between the roof sheathing and top plate of the Trusses to Girder Trusses. The relatively short spans and wall. light end reactions associated with typical jack Truss applications makes Toe-nailing an efficient and effective attachment Trusses shall be permitted to transfer load between diaphragms method. and supporting walls, provided the prescriptive provisions specified in Section R602.10.8.2 of the 2015 IRC are met. Conditions End jack to hip Girder Truss outside these prescriptive provisions may require blocking or other means to transfer the lateral load from the diaphragm into the walls.

LOAD DURATION FACTOR, CD (FOR CONNECTIONS)

TABLE b8-2 Load Duration Factor, CD (for Connections) LOAD DURATION C TYPICAL D DESIGN LOAD Permanent 0.9 Dead Loads

10 Years (Normal) 1.0 Floor Live Loads Corner jack to corner Girder Truss 2 Months 1.15 Snow Loads FIGURE B8-8 Open Jack Hip Framing 7 Days 1.25 Construction Loads 10 Minutes 1.6 Wind and Earthquake  Table B8-3, page 67, provides the nominal lateral design capacity of Toe-nailed Connections consisting of two-, three-, and four-nails for various types of nails and species of wood. Lateral Load transfer between the roof Diaphragm and supporting The capacities listed are for Toe-nailed Connections attach- wall is through the heel of the Truss unless some other means is ing the Top and Bottom Chords of a 2x_ end jack Truss to a provided to transfer this Load directly between the roof sheathing single or multiple 2x_ hip Girder Truss (Figure B8-9, page and the wall plate. 67) or for the Toe-nailed Connections attaching the Top and Bottom Chords of a 2x_ corner jack Truss to a corner Girder Truss that intersect at angles from 30° to 60° (Figure B8-10, page 67).

Note: The nails for these Connections are assumed to be installed at either L/3 (i.e., length of nail divided by 3) or 1-1/8" from the end of the jack Truss (Figures B8-9 and 10, page 67). Also, the Connection between the corner jack and corner Girder Truss assumes that the nails are driven normal to the face of the jack into the Girder Truss as depicted in (Figure B8-10, page 67).

 To reduce the chance of splitting, rafter Connections, such as those depicted here, are typically limited to a maximum of three Toe-nails for 2x4 chords and four Toe-nails for 2x6 chords.

FIGURE B8-7

66 BCSI-B8: Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations

TABLE b8-3 Nominal Lateral Capacity per Toe-Nail Joint Connection for Attaching Jack Trusses to Girders1 Capacities for Truss Chord Species (lbs) Number of Nail Type & Size Load Duration Factor = 1.0 L/3 or Toe-Nails per (Dia. & Length) 1-1/8" Connection SP DF-L HF SPF SPF(s) G = 0.55 G = 0.5 G = 0.43 G = 0.42 G = 0.36 2 158 140 114 110 92 16d 30° 3 (0.131" x 3.5") 237 210 171 165 138 4 316 280 228 220 184 FIGURE B8-9 End jack to hip Girder Truss 2 138 120 98 94 78 12d 3 (0.120" x 3.25") 207 180 147 141 117 4 276 240 196 188 156 2 130 116 94 92 76 10d 3 (0.120" x 3.0") 195 174 141 138 114 4 260 232 188 184 152 L/3 or 30-60° 2 142 130 108 106 90 10d 1-1/8" 3 (0.131" x 3.0") 213 195 162 159 135 4 284 260 216 212 180 2 166 146 120 116 96 16d Box FIGURE B8-10 Corner jack to corner Girder 3 (0.135" x 3.5") 249 219 180 174 144 Truss 4 332 292 240 232 192 2 138 126 104 102 86 10d Box 3 (0.128" x 3.0") 207 189 156 153 129 4 276 252 208 204 172 2 214 188 156 152 128 16d Common 3 (0.162" x 3.5") 321 282 234 228 192 4 428 376 312 304 256 2 182 160 132 128 108 12d Common 3 (0.148" x 3.25") 273 240 198 192 162 4 364 320 264 256 216 2 152 140 120 116 94 10d Common 3 (0.148" x 3.0") 228 210 180 174 141 4 304 280 240 232 188

Footnotes: 1. a. Nominal lateral design capacities have been adjusted by the Toe-nail factor and represent normal Load duration values. To determine the adjusted lateral design values, multiply the table values by all other applicable adjustment factors provided in NDS®. b. Nominal lateral capacities are based on framing conditions depicted in Figures B8-9 and 10. c. Nominal lateral capacities are for a single-shear Connection with both members of the same species. If the two members are of different species, use the species with the lowest specific gravity to determine the lateral load capacity of the Connection. d. Species designation is: SP = Southern Pine, DF-L = Douglas Fir-Larch, HF = Hem-Fir, SPF = Spruce-Pine-Fir and SPF(s) = Spruce-Pine-Fir (South). e. Nominal lateral capacities assume the side member and main member are both 1-½" thick. f. Apply fire retardant treated lumber adjustment factors per manufacturer’s specifications. g. For capacities of nail types and sizes not shown, consult a Registered Design Professional.

67 BCSI-B8: Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations

OTHER TYPES OF UPLIFT CONNECTIONS

If the Truss reactions due to the design Loads are greater than the capacity of the Toe-nailed Connection, it will be necessary to use a different type of Connection. Options include a screwed Con- nection, designed in accordance with the applicable provisions of NDS®, a metal anchor, strap, tie or hanger Connection, such as the ones shown below. Please refer to the hardware manufacturer’s literature for uplift and lateral Load capacities of the hardware, the fastener schedules, and specific requirements for positioning the Connector. FIGURE B8-14

 Some Building codes specify Connection requirements be- Structural Building Components Association tween the Truss and the bearing surface. It is imperative that the installer be familiar with the requirements that apply for each job.

Non-Bearing Wall Considerations

Attachments to non-bearing interior walls must allow for a Floating Connection to prevent the occurrence of partition separation.

Do not shim.

Clip or angle fastened to top plate of wall at 16" o.c. FIGURE B8-11

Bottom Chord of Truss

Structural Building Components Association

16 " 8"

Vertical framing member

See below for fastening Truss to top plate. FIGURE B8-15 Floating gypsum corner (Truss perpendicular to wall)

FIGURE B8-12 Float gypsum at wall Slotted anchor at Corners as shown above. non-bearing walls

Structural Building Components Association

Drywall clips

FIGURE B8-16 Use of drywall clips and slotted anchor on non-bearing wall FIGURE B8-13 68 BCSI-B9

MULTI-PLY GIRDERS

Girders are Trusses specially designed to carry extra Loads from For example, the fastening schedule for this 3-ply Girder Truss is framing and equipment. Girder Trusses may consist of a single ply shown in Figure B9-1: or as many as six plies. The Truss Designer will specify the number of members in a multi-ply Girder Truss. In the photo below, a 4-ply parallel chord Girder Truss is supported at one end by a 3-ply Girder Truss with a pitched Top Chord. Each Girder Truss is made of similar Trusses built and fastened together to act as one unit to support the Load.

SBCA 001 04/11/20118

photo b9-1

PLY-TO-PLY CONNECTION REQUIREMENTS

 All plies in a multi-ply Girder Truss shall be properly attached together to ensure the Girder Truss is able to perform accord- 2009 IRC/TPI 1-07 ing to its design.

WARNING Girder Truss plies shall be completely and securely attached together per the Connection requirements provided on the Truss Design Drawing (TDD) prior to attaching the Trusses that frame into them and any other Loads they are required to support.

Whenever possible, connect multi-ply Girder Truss- RESTRAINT & BRACING

es together prior to erection/installation. CLR

 Always check the TDD for the Girder Truss ply-to-ply Con- 1) Refer to BCSI-B1, BCSI-B2, and BCSI-B3 for handling, installing, restraining and bracing guidlines. nection requirements. They are listed in the fastener schedule 2) All Plates are 20 Ga. unless noted and will specify the type, size and on-center spacing of fas- 3) Designed to ANSI/TPI 1 - 2007 teners to use. figure b9-1  Concentrated Load locations often require nail clusters.

 Check TDD carefully for additional fastening requirements.

69 BCSI-B9: Multi-Ply Girders

GOOD INSTALLATION PRACTICES FASTENER GUIDELINES

 Fasteners typically specified for attaching together the individual plies of multi-ply Girder Trusses include nails, bolts or Spreader Bar/Stiffback other approved fasteners, depending on the amount of Load and number of girder plies.

 Use the correct type and size of fastener(s) specified on the TDD.

 Locate and space fasteners in accordance with the requirements specified on the TDD.

NAIL FASTENERS

figure b9-2

 Some Truss Manufacturers mark Girder Trusses with supplemental tags, calling further attention to the number of plies and fastening schedule on the TDD. An example of one such Truss tag is shown in Figure B9-3.

FIGURE B9-4

≥½"

≥1"

Three plies ≥½" Two plies (see note below) FIGURE B9-5 FIGURE B9-6 FIGURE B9-3 Girder Trusses of up to three (3) plies are permitted to be fastened  Fasten girder plies together per TDD before lifting into place, together with nails. Nail each additional ply in accordance with the if at all possible. specified schedule found on the TDD.

 Multi-ply Parallel Chord Trusses have special Connection re- Note: Multi-ply Girder Trusses that are fastened together with nails quirements due to the 3x_ or 4x_ configuration and shall be at the jobsite shall have the nail heads visible for inspection. This joined together according to the Truss Designer’s specifica- is not required if the multi-ply girder is fastened by the Truss Man- tions. Connection options typically include metal framing an- ufacturer at the manufacturing plant, as the in-plant QC program chors (Figure B9-11, page 71), Structural Sheathing, metal and third-party inspection process assures that the fastening is gussets and proprietary high-strength screws (Figures B9-12 performed per the requirements of the TDD. and 13, page 71).

 Make sure that the Girder Truss is laterally restrained and braced to ensure lateral stability and prevent unexpected deflection or rotation.

 Attach framing members or Loads only after all plies of the Girder Truss have been properly fastened together. This avoids overloading the girder ply closest to the carried Load.

 Truss-to-girder Connection information is provided on the TTD of the carried Truss, the Girder Truss or on a separate Truss-to-Truss Connection schedule. 70 BCSI-B9: Multi-Ply Girders

SCREW FASTENERS BOLT FASTENERS

Install per bolt manufacturer and Truss Designer requirements and specifications.

FIGURE B9-7 FIGURE B9-14 FIGURE B9-15 * * *Varies. Refer to * NDS and fastener manufacturer’s * requirements. * FIGURE B9-8 FIGURE B9-9 FIGURE B9-10 * FIGURE B9-16  Girder Trusses up to four (4) plies are permitted to be connected with specially designed high-strength screws. Install per screw manufacturer and Truss Designer requirements and specifications.

Some screw manufacturers require the screws be installed with the screw heads in the loaded ply, or require a reduction in screw capacity if the screw heads are installed in the unloaded ply. FIGURE B9-17 FIGURE B9-18  Screw head locations shall not interfere with fastening of the hardware or framing members to be attached to the Girder  Bolt locations shall not interfere with fastening of the hard- Trusses. ware or framing members to be attached to the Girder Truss.

 Pre-drilling holes for screw application is often required in  Pre-drill all bolt holes. Do not oversize the hole! Use washers structural composite lumber (SCL). See SCL and screw man- at bolt head and nut. Use nails as required. ufacturer’s recommendations. • Girder Trusses up to six (6) plies are permitted to be con-  Two-ply floor Trusses are permitted to be attached with screws nected with bolts. per the TDD and screw manufacturer’s recommendations. • Maximum five (5) plies for Girder Trusses supporting Loads on one side. • Maximum six (6) plies for Girder Trusses supporting Loads on both sides. ¾" ¾" FIGURE B9-12

FIGURE B9-11

FIGURE B9-13 71 BCSI-B9: Multi-Ply Girders

Notes:

72 BCSI-B10

POST FRAME TRUSS INSTALLATION, RESTRAINT & BRACING COMMENTARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS For Trusses spaced greater than 2'-0" on-center and up to 81'-0" in length.

The Contractor shall be familiar with general Bracing concepts as discussed in the documents referenced above. It is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as superior to the Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses and it does not preclude the use of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and providing stability for the walls, columns, floors, roof and all the interrelated Structural Building Components as may be determined by the Contractor. The Contractor is also responsible for the proper and safe lifting of the Trusses. See BCSI-B1 for additional commentary photo b10-1 on handling and installing Trusses. Every project has different site conditions that can have a specific affect on the erection process. WARNING The erection of Trusses is inherently dangerous Before the first Truss is erected, every individual on the erection and requires, above all, careful planning and communica- crew, including the crane operator, needs to understand the instal- tion between the Contractor, crane operator and installa- lation plan and the intended Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing tion crew. Depending on the experience of the Contractor, requirements for a safe, efficient and accident-free jobsite. it is strongly recommended that a meeting be held with all onsite individuals involved in the lifting/hoisting, installing WHAT NOT TO DO: Fail to Install Diagonal Bracing and restraint/Bracing operations to review the provisions of:  Always Diagonally Brace for Safety!

• Construction Documents (i.e., architectural/structural ....plans and specifications)  • Truss Submittal Package, which includes: • Truss Design Drawings (TDD) • Truss Placement Diagram(s) (if/when required by Contract) • BCSI book and/or B-Series Summary Sheets (when provided) • erection and installation plan (if provided) • site-specific conditions and issues • OSHA jobsite lifting and fall protection requirements (see BCSI-B11) photo b10-2 DANGER Disregarding handling, installing, restraining and Bracing safety recommendations is the major cause of DANGER Long Span Trusses are extremely dangerous to Truss erection/installation accidents. Ignoring an unsafe install. condition or action will greatly increase the probability of an accident resulting in property damage, serious person- Long Span Trusses, i.e., Trusses with clear spans 60' or greater, al injury and/or death. pose significant risk to installers. The dimensions and weight of a Long Span Truss can create instability, buckling and collapse Proper Truss erection, installation, restraint and Bracing requires of the Truss if it is not handled, installed, restrained and braced an understanding of Triangulation within and between the various properly. Long Span Trusses can be installed safely and efficiently, planes of the Truss (i.e., Top Chord, Bottom Chord and Web). It is but they require more detailed safety and handling measures than critical to note that all Lateral Restraints must be braced. Lateral shorter span Trusses. Hire a Registered Design Professional to Restraint by itself is not adequate to resist the buckling forces in provide a Temporary Restraint/Bracing plan and to supervise the the members to which it is attached without the rigidity provided erection process. by Bracing. This understanding is essential for a safe installation.

73 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE STARTING Trusses can be stabilized by tying them off to the Build- ing structure (existing or new) itself? Particular attention Prior to starting the erection/installation process, there are several shall be paid to the adequacy of the wall Bracing if this checks that are the responsibility of the Contractor. These include: technique is chosen.

 1. Is there a complete set of the Building Designer approved  12. Is the roof a hip style? For hip style roofs, use the crane Construction Documents on the jobsite? to lift and hold the Girder Truss while the end jacks are installed to brace the Girder Truss. This eliminates the  2. Is the Building the correct size? Are all as-built dimensions need for Ground Bracing the first Truss, assuming all the same as those depicted in the Construction Docu- hardware and hangers are properly installed prior to the ments? If not, corrective actions shall be taken prior to crane releasing the Girder Truss. Properly attaching the Truss installation. Girder Truss and jack Trusses at their bearing points and  3. Are the Load bearing supports (e.g., walls, columns, head- permanently restraining and Diagonally Bracing this as- ers, beams, etc.) plumb and properly braced? Stopping in sembly will provide a rigid framework to which subse- the middle of the Truss installation to straighten and brace quent Trusses can be restrained and braced. these supports is dangerous. Having an inadequately braced support system buckle during the erection process GENERAL SAFETY REMINDERS will cause property damage, personal injury and/or death. Before starting, here are some general safety reminders:  4. Are all bearing supports accurately installed at the locations shown on the Construction Documents? If not, cor- 1. Brief all members of the erection/installation crew as to the rective action shall be taken prior to Truss installation. installation plan and the intended Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing requirements.  5. Are the tops of all bearing supports at the correct elevation? Uneven bearing surfaces are a major cause of Truss 2. If possible, fasten together all multi-ply Trusses, including Girder unevenness, and can cause costly delays and/or repairs. Trusses, per the TDD prior to lifting into their assumed positions Check and correct bearing deficiencies prior to starting the on the Building (see BCSI-B9). Truss erection process. 3. Check all Trusses for damage (see BCSI-B5) prior to, dur-  6. Are the bearing supports straight along their length, and ing and after the erection/installation process. Do not install parallel where they should be parallel? If not, corrective damaged Trusses unless specifically instructed on how to do action shall be taken prior to Truss installation. so by the Building Designer, Truss Designer or Truss Manu- facturer.  7. Are the delivered Trusses the right size? Check Trusses for dimensions and damage as soon as they arrive on the site to avoid possible installation delays. 4. Brace all rows of Lateral Restraint with Diagonal Bracing. Lateral Restraint alone is not adequate without the  8. Are all required hangers, clips, tie-downs, and restraint/ added rigidity of Triangulation provided by the Diagonal Brac- Bracing materials onsite and located where they will be ing. readily accessible when needed? Obtain all materials or parts prior to starting the Truss erection process. Do not 5. Property damage, bodily injury and/or death are possible when attempt to “make do” without all required materials. Job- Trusses are improperly handled, installed, restrained and/or site safety has no room for shortcuts. braced. Installation of Trusses can be dangerous, particularly Long Span Trusses (i.e. Trusses with clear spans of 60' or  9. Is the jobsite clean and neat with scraps and trash from the greater). construction process removed or in designated areas away from the work area? Truss erection typically involves bring- ing the Trusses in overhead with the assistance of a crane. Worker attention is often directed upward, even while moving around. A clean jobsite will help to avoid trips and falls.

 10. Have the appropriate Ground Bracing techniques for the first Truss been determined? Steeply sloping site terrain or upper level Truss installations usually warrant using an Interior Ground Brace scheme, as Exterior Ground Brace Diagonals get exceedingly long and require substantial bracing themselves.  11. Is the Building configuration such that the first set of 74 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

TRUSS STORAGE  Trusses stored for more than one week shall be protected from the environment in a manner that provides adequate See BCSI-B1 for additional information on Truss unloading, ventilation of the Trusses. If tarpaulins or other protective jobsite handling, jobsite storage, hoisting and lifting. Heed all covers are used, the ends must be left open for ventilation. warnings and caution notes. Tight-fitting covers are not recommended, since they trap moisture. DO NOT unload Trusses on rough terrain or uneven surfaces that could cause damage to the Truss. DO NOT store bundles upright (vertical) unless properly braced to prevent toppling. 

figure b10-1

figure b10-4

DO NOT break banding until bundles are placed in a stable horizontal position.

DO NOT break banding on Truss bundles until installation begins. Exercise care when removing banding to avoid shifting of individual Trusses. figure b10-2 CAUTION Exercise care when removing banding and handling Trusses, to avoid damaging Trusses and prevent injury. Wear personal protective equipment for the eyes, feet, hands Walking on Trusses that are lying flat is extremely dangerous and head when working with Trusses. and shall be strictly prohibited.

 Trusses may be unloaded directly on the ground at the time of delivery or stored temporarily in contact with the ground after delivery. If Trusses are to be stored horizontally for more than one week, place blocking of sufficient height beneath the stack of Trusses on 8' to 10' intervals (or as required) to minimize lateral bending and to lessen moisture gain from the ground. Figure B10-5

8' - 10' 8' - 10' figure b10-3

75 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

MECHANICAL INSTALLATION Attach to WARNING Buildings under construction are vulnerable to Truss at Spreader Bar Locate 10' o.c. high winds and present a safety hazard. It is the responsibil- or Stiffback above max. ity of the erection/installation Contractor to recognize adverse mid-height weather conditions and take prompt and appropriate action to protect life and property.

Do not lift bundled Trusses by the banding. Spreader Bar 2/3 to 3/4 Truss length CAUTION Do not exceed header capacity when placing bun- Tagline dles of Trusses because this can result in overstressing of the For Trusses up to and over 60' header, post and/or header-to-post Connection. FIGURE B10-9 Do not attach cables, chains, or hooks to the web members. TRUSSES UP TO AND OVER 60'

Using a single pick-point at the peak can damge the Connect lifting devices to Truss. the Truss Top Chord (or stiffback as applicable) with a closed-loop attachment utilizing materials such as slings, chains, cables, or nylon strapping of sufficient strength to FIGURE B10-10 carry the weight of the Truss. Set each Truss in proper position per the Building Designer’s framing plan and hold with the lifting device until the ends of the Truss are securely fastened and all Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing is installed. FIGURE B10-6 IMPORTANT NOTES ON LIMITATIONS OF RECOMMENDATIONS

 The recommendations and guidelines presented in BCSI-B10 are intended primarily for post frame buildings using Trusses with the following characteristics:

1. Trusses are used in an engineered building system.

60° or less 2. Columns (laminated columns or posts) are embedded in the ground or attached to a foundation using the method specified by the Building Designer.

3. For gable-style roofs, the end walls shall have columns Up to 1/2 Truss length that extend to the Top Chord of the Gable End Truss with Tagline adequate contact between the Top Chord and column for For Trusses up to 30' a structural connection. The Gable End Trusses are stabilized against rollover by connecting the Top and Bottom FIGURE B10-7 Chords to the end wall columns or engineered Bracing system. TRUSSES UP TO 60' TRUSSES UP TO 30' 4. Side wall columns extend above the mid-height of the Spreader Bar Truss heel at the Connection of the column and the Truss.

Toe-in Toe-in 5. Truss heels are connected to columns or headers (i.e., beams, girders) to resist rollover at the heel.

Spreader Bar 1/2 to 6. Trusses have flat Bottom Chords and are spaced 4' to 12' 2/3 Truss length Tagline on-center (o.c.). For Trusses up to 60' 7. Purlins are attached directly to the Top Chord. FIGURE B10-8 76 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

The information presented in BCSI-B10 that is specific to Truss handling, installation, restraint and Bracing is applicable to Truss applications in which the Trusses are spaced >2' to 12' on-center.

TEMPORARY INSTALLATION RESTRAINT/BRACING PRINCIPLES

Use the following chronological steps to provide Temporary In- stallation Restraint/Bracing for Truss installation. A-Frame Ground Bracing Perpendicular to the Wall WARNING Until the Building is completely erected in accordance with the Construction Documents, the Trusses are figure b10-13 unstable and can present a safety hazard. Truss instability increases with increasing Building width, height and length. STEP 2. PROVIDE A STABLE BASE UNIT UPON WHICH TO BUILD:

STEP 1. ENSURE STABLE SIDE WALL 2.1 Install Trusses on side wall columns and header system AND END WALL COLUMNS: in sufficient quantities (usually 16' - 24' of side wall) to 1.1 a) Embedded columns shall be backfilled with concrete establish a stable base unit. See Sections 3.1, 3.2 and or compacted fill. 3.3 for restraint/Bracing requirements.

b) Columns bearing on a concrete foundation shall be 2.2 Resist movement of the base unit parallel to the end wall attached to prevent horizontal movement of column with, base as specified by the Building Designer in the Con- a) Diagonal Braces (Figure B10-14) struction Documents (Figure B10-11).

16d nails Column Connection 2x4x18' wall bracing

figure b10-11 Hold bottom of brace as close to grade as possible, maintaining the 1.2 Attach girts, splash board or Temporary Lateral Restraint 8' minimum dimension above and install a system of Temporary Diagonal Ground Brac- ing to provide support in the plane of the wall (Figure Column-Truss Bracing B10-12) and perpendicular to it (Figure B10-13). figure b10-14

Diagonal Wall Ground Bracing in the Plane of the Wall

figure b10-12 77 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

The Ground Bracing concepts provided in BCSI-B2 Column chaining can also be used with roof Trusses spaced greater than 2' on-center.

2.4 Stable base unit is now ready to begin Truss installation.

STEP 3. TEMPORARY RESTRAINT/BRACING OF THE TRUSS BASE UNIT

3.1 Provide a mechanical Connection to resist Truss rollover at the heel (Figure B10-17). This includes the use of nails, bolts, lag screws, metal straps, or Connectors.

10', 8' or 6' spacing per Table B10-1

** Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint ** (TCTLR)

Base unit Mechanical connection of Truss heel to post **Note: 2x_ TCTLR may be oriented as a joist or plank. Purlins, Truss Web Restraint/Bracing & some nailers omitted for clarity. See Step 3 for Temporary Restraint & Bracing requirements for the Trusses. figure b10-15 figure b10-17

b) Chains or cables (Figure B10-15) together with turn- 3.2 Install Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR) buckles, or come-alongs of sufficient strength (min. as indicated in Table B10-1 and shown in Figures B10- 2,000 lbs capacity) 17 and 18.

2.3 Use one or more of the following methods to resist 10', 8' or 6' spacing per Table B10-1, page 79 movement of the base unit perpendicular to the end wall:

a) Temporary Diagonal Ground Bracing (Figures B10-12 and B10-13, page 77)

b) Chains or cables (Figure B10-16) together with turnbuckles, or come-alongs of sufficient strength (min. 2,000 lbs capacity)

Chaining perpendicular to end wall

Purlins, Truss Web Lateral Restraint/Diagonal Bracing & some nailers omitted for clarity. See Step 3 for Restraint/Bracing requirements. figure b10-18

IMPORTANT NOTE: Use a minimum of 2-16d (0.135x3.5") nails Purlins, Truss Web restraint/Bracing & some nailers omitted for clarity. See Section 3 or equivalent for Temporary Restraint and Bracing Connections, for Temporary Restraint & Bracing requirements figure b10-16 unless otherwise specified by the Building Designer. for the Trusses. 78 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

TOP CHORD TEMPORARY LATERAL Top Chord temporary or permanent Lateral Restraint (in green) RESTRAINT SCHEDULE Section A-A

Maximum Truss Spans for chord size, grade and spacing between rows of Lateral Restraint. Bottom Chord temporary or permanent Lateral Restraint (in green) Top Chord Grades (or Better) A A Diagonal No 1 Southern Pine MSR 1950f 1.5E MSR 2400f 1.8E Bracing Top (in red) bay Chord Maximum Spacing Between Rows of Lateral Restraint Size 10' 8' 6' 10' 8' 6' 10' 8' 6' Truss bay 2x6 n/a n/a 62' n/a 25' 81' n/a 42' 81' ≤45° ≤45° typ.

2x8 n/a 27' 81' n/a 43' 81' 22' 61' 81' bay 2x10 n/a 40' 81' 24' 57' 81' 35' 78' 81'

2x12 21' 53' 81' 34' 74' 81' 48' 81' 81' A ≤15' ≤15' ≤15' A table b10-1 figure b10-19 Bottom Chord Restraint and Bracing IMPORTANT NOTE: Table B10-1 is applicable for symmetrical triangular Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses with pitched Top 3.4 Install rows of Bottom Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint Chords of 3:12 or greater and flat Bottom Chords. Other Truss (BCTLR) at a maximum of 15' on-center. Install Diagonal types are expressly excluded. Truss spans listed in Table 1 are Bracing to top of Bottom Chord between each row of Lateral the maximum spans that can be safely restrained for the cor- Restraint to provide rigidity (Figure B10-19). Note: Bottom responding Top Chord species/grade/size shown, using the Top Chord PERMANENT Lateral Restraint shall be installed at no Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint spacing provided. FOR TRUSS more than 10' on-center, but may be less if required by the CONFIGURATIONS, SPANS AND/OR TOP CHORD GRADES NOT specific Truss design and/or the Building Designer. Tempo- COVERED BY TABLE B10-1, CONSULT A REGISTERED DESIGN rary Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing installed at the PROFESSIONAL. required spacing for the Permanent Building Stability Bracing (PBSB), and left in place, may become part of the PBSB sys- The Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint spacing schedules in tem. Table B10-1 were developed for an assumed Load consisting of the weight of the Truss, plus two 250 lb workers (including their equipment). These schedules do not provide for Plan view of the roof wind Loads or for accidental overload, materials stacked on Trusses during erection, or Loads re- ≤45° sulting from misuse or negligence. ≤45°

3.3 Install diagonal bracing in the top chord plane using, Diagonal Bracing Trusses a) Diagonal bracing with 2x4 lumber, mini-

mum grade of SPF #2 (Figure B10-20) ridge

b) Metal strap cross bracing (Figure B10- length of Building 21, page 80)

c) Permanent Structural Sheathing (e.g., plywood, OSB, corrugated aluminum) or permanent roof Bracing in accordance Top Chord Lateral Restraint with the product manufacturer’s instructions or Construction Documents Note: Diagonal Braces run to the fourth Truss on 48' & wider buildings. Braces lap two rows of Lateral Restraint if Diagonal Brace is spliced. Use 2-16d (0.135x3.5") nails at each Diagonal Brace- to-purlin Connection. figure b10-20 Top Chord Diagonal Bracing using 2x4 Lumber 79 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

Plan view of roof PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING ≤45° Metal ≤45° strapping WARNING Disregarding Permanent Individual Truss Mem- ber Restraint and Permanent Building Stability Bracing recommendations is a major cause of Truss field perfor- Trusses bay ridge mance problems and has been known to lead to collasped roof and/or floor systems. Failure to install the proper re- length of Building bay straint and Bracing will greatly increase the probability of Truss performance problems or an accident resulting in property damage, personal injury or death. Top Chord Lateral Restraint (Purlins) Trusses, as with other types of structural framing components Note: Metal strap cross Bracing is typically used when Purlins are mounted flush such as joists, beams, studs, etc., require lateral support in order between Trusses. Run Bracing to the fourth Truss on 48' and wider buildings. to perform in the manner for which they are intended. Trusses are figure b10-21 Bracing of Top Chords using Metal Strap Cross Bracing designed to carry Loads applied within their plane. Trusses are 3.5 Brace Trusses vertically to prevent “rollover,” (i.e., rotation) not designed to resist lateral (i.e., out-of-plane) Loads and rely on using: PBSB to transfer the lateral Loads out of the Truss System into the supporting structure. Certain individual Truss members also a) Truss-to-Truss cross Bracing at each row of Bottom Chord require Lateral Restraint and Bracing to prevent buckling under the Lateral Restraint and at 20' intervals along the length of applied design Loads. Permanent Bracing provides sufficient sup- the building (Figure B10-22) unless 3.3 (c) on page 79 is port at right angles to the plane of the Truss to hold every Truss applied to all Trusses as they are being set member in the position assumed for it in the design. Permanent Lateral Restraint and Bracing is needed for the proper performance b) Chains or cables (Figure B10-16, on page 78) together of individual Trusses within the roof or floor system. with turnbuckles, or come-alongs of sufficient strength (min. 2,000 lbs capacity) USING TEMPORARY RESTRAINT/BRACING AS PERMANENT RESTRAINT/BRACING Cross Bracing Between The previous sections of BCSI-B10 provide important informa- Trusses tion and guidelines on Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing of Trusses. Many elements of Temporary Restraint/Bracing of Trusses also apply to Permanent restraint/Bracing of Trusses. Temporary Re- straint/Bracing of Trusses provides support to the Trusses during installation. Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Trusses provides support to the Trusses during the lifetime of the structure and resists the applied Loads anticipated during that lifetime. If properly planned, most if not all of the Temporary Restraint/Bracing installed during Truss installation can be used to permanently restrain and brace the Truss.

figure b10-22 RESTRAINT/BRACING MATERIALS & FASTENERS

STEP 4. ERECT THE ADDITIONAL ROOF TRUSSES  The material and fasteners used to restrain and brace Truss- es shall be of sufficient strength and stiffness to hold every 4.1 Install TCTLR at the appropriate spacing indicated in Table Truss member in the position assumed for it in the design. B10-1, on page 79. Minimum Lumber Restraint/Bracing1 4.2 Provide additional top chord temporary diagonal bracing de- Truss Lateral Diagonal Lumber on-center Restraint Bracing scribed in Step 3.3 (page 79) at intervals not to exceed 100’ Grade Spacing Type Type or 12 Truss spaces, whichever is less. ≤4' 2x4 2x4 2x4 with 4.3 Install BCTLR as indicated in Figure B10-19, on page 79. Pro- 4

• Use at least 2-16d (0.135 2x_ Lateral Restraint or  The wood structural panels shall have the appropriate span x 3.5") nails to attach lum- Diagonal Bracing with L-Reinforcement rating and/or grade to support the Building Designer’s speci- ber Lateral Restraint and fied Loads at the on-center (o.c.) spacing of the Trusses. Diagonal Bracing members 2x_ Lateral Restraint or Diagonal Bracing at each Connection or as  The sheathing and attachment requirements (i.e., fastener specified by the Build- size and spacing) are provided on the Construction Docu- ing Designer. For 2x6 or ments prepared by the Building Designer and/or within the greater Lateral Restraint Building code. and Diagonal Bracing, use Truss Member Structural Sheathing on a minimum of three nails figure b10-23 Top Chord Plane per Connection. ~

PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE VARIOUS PLANES OF A ROOF TRUSS

Permanent Bracing applied at right angles to the plane (i.e., depth) of a Truss performs several functions including:

a) Preventing out-of-plane buckling of certain Truss members due to compression forces developed under the figure b10-25 specified design load conditions b) Maintaining the proper Truss Spacing  Wood or metal Purlins are most often used in applications c) Resisting and transferring the lateral Loads applied to the where Trusses are spaced greater than 4' o.c. The Purlins Truss System (e.g., wind, seismic, etc.) must be properly sized and fastened to the Top Chord of the Trusses are designed to only support Loads applied within their Trusses in accordance with the specifications found in the plane. Because Trusses are relatively narrow in relation to their Construction Documents. The Trusses must be designed depth and span, they require lateral support. Without this support, so that the maximum allowable unbraced length for the Top the entire Truss, or a portion of its members, will buckle (i.e., fail) Chord is greater than or equal to the on-center spacing of the at Loads far less than the design Loads that they were intended Purlins. Check the TDDs to verify. Notify the Truss manufac- to carry. turer immediately if this is not the case.  Purlins Trusses require Permanent Bracing within ALL of the following planes: 1. Top Chord Plane 2. Bottom Chord Plane Top Chord Plane 3. Web Member Plane Note: Example of Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing ~ installed in the Top Chord Plane. figure b10-26 Diagonal (“X” Bracing) in the Top Chord Plane CAUTION Without Diagonal Bracing in the Top Chord Plane, ~ the Top Chords of the Trusses can buckle simultaneously in the same direction.

Web Member Plane Bottom Chord Plane figure b10-24 1. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE TOP CHORD PLANE

 Permanent Bracing for the Top Chords of Trusses is typically Diagonal Bracing shown here is in the provided by attaching Structural Sheathing, or wood or metal Web Member Plane structural Purlins that are properly braced. figure B10-27  The most common types of Structural Sheathing are wood struc- Note: The Purlins alone will not adequately brace or prevent tural panels such as plywood or oriented strand board (OSB). buckling of the Top Chord and must themselves be braced. 81 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

This bracing can be provided in a number of ways including: forces from the Lateral Restraint to a lateral force resisting • Installing Diagonal Bracing to the Top Chord plane at in- system. tervals along the length of the Building to provide rigidity and to transfer the restraining forces from the Purlins to Reinforce Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing as a lateral force resisting system (e.g., braced wall panels, required for Truss spacings greater than 4' o.c. Refer to Table shearwalls, braced frames, etc.) B10-2 on page 80 or as specified by the Building Designer.

• Attaching Structural Sheathing directly to the Purlins 3. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE WEB MEMBER PLANE  Permanent Bracing is typically installed in the Web Member Not all sheathing products are structural. The Build- Plane of a Truss to collect and transfer forces produced by ing Designer is responsible for the design and detailing of the the restraint of members subject to buckling and/or to trans- Structural Sheathing and Diaphragms. fer lateral Loads from wind and seismic forces applied to the CAUTION Without some form of Permanent Diagonal Brac- Truss System. The same Bracing can often be used to sup- ing, the Purlins, by themselves, only ensure that the Top port both functions. This Bracing is referred to as permanent Chords of the Trusses will all buckle in the same direction. stability Bracing and is the responsibility of the Building De- signer.  The Building Designer is responsible for the design and detailing of the Purlins and the PBSB for the roof system. Individual Web Member Permanent Restraint & Diagonal Bracing

 The TDD provides information on the assumed support for  Certain Web members require restraint and Diagonal Bracing the Top Chord based on the Load conditions for which the against out-of-plane buckling in order to resist their intended Truss has been designed. This typically includes directly ap- forces. plied Structural Sheathing or Purlins at a specified maximum  Web member restraint is typically accomplished by either o.c. spacing. reducing the unsupported length of the Web member via Lat- 2. PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE BOTTOM CHORD PLANE eral Restraint or by reinforcing the member with additional material and thus increasing its cross-section (i.e., Rein-  Permanent Bracing for the Bottom Chords of Trusses is typi- forcement). cally provided by attaching either a rigid ceiling or Continu- ous lumber Lateral Restraint properly braced against lateral  The TDD indicates which Web members (if any) require this movement. restraint.

Diagonal Bracing & Continuous Lateral Restraint  If individual Web member Permanent Lateral Restraint is required on a particular Truss design, Continuous Lateral Restraint (CLR), consisting of 2x_ SPF No. 2 or better dimension lumber attached at right angles to the Web in combination with Diagonal Bracing, is most frequently used.

 Webs may require one or two rows of CLR.

 The TDD will specify the number of rows and approximate location of the CLR. figure B10-28 Directly attached rigid ceiling CLRs can be installed on either side of the member.  Bottom Chord Permanent Lateral Re- straint shall be installed at the spacing indicated on the TDD and/or by the Building Designer with a maximum of 10' on-center.

 The TDD provides information on the assumed support for the Bottom Chord based on the Load conditions for which the Web requiring single row Truss has been designed. This typically includes a directly of Lateral Restraint applied rigid ceiling or rows of Lateral Restraint at a specified maximum on-center spacing.

 Install rows of Diagonal Bracing at intervals of no more than 20' along the length of the Building, or as specified by the Building Designer, to provide stability and transfer the Web requiring two rows 82 figure b10-29 of Lateral Restraint BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

Important Note: CLRs shall always be Diagonally Braced for rigidity. CLR splice reinforcement  Diagonal Bracing with CLRs work most efficiently when applied to three or more similar Trusses. Truss Web 2x_ CLR  Attach the Lateral Restraint at the locations shown on the TDD SECTION A-A together with a Diagonal Brace at an angle of less than or equal to 45˚ to the Lateral Restraint (see Figures B10-32 and 33). Position the Diagonal Brace so that it crosses the Web in close Truss Web proximity to the Lateral Restraint. The Diagonal Bracing should A A be attached as close to the Top and Bottom Chord plane as possible and to each Web that it crosses. This provides rigidity that prevents the Webs from displacing laterally. Minimum 2' 2x_ Scab block centered over Web/ CLR splice. Attach to CLR with minimum 8-16d (0.135x3.5") nails each side of web/CLR splice or Reinforce Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing as as specified by the Building Designer Always Diagonally required for Truss spacings greater than 4' o.c. Refer to Table Brace the Permanent B10-2 on page 80 or as specified by the Building Designer. Example with Continuous Lateral  Diagonal Bracing is required to restrain the CLR(s) and to Trusses at 8' Restraint! on-center transfer the cumulative force from the CLR(s) into a lateral force resisting system such as the roof or Ceiling Diaphragm. Repeat diagonal bracing every 16' or as specified by the Building Designer. Example with Trusses at 4' on-center

Permanent Continuous Lateral Restraint

Repeat Diagonal Bracing at intervals not to exceed 16' or as specified by the Building Designer.

figure b10-30 figure b10-31 Note: Some chord and web members not shown for clarity.

EXAMPLES OF DIAGONAL BRACING WITH ONE ROW OF CONTINUOUS LATERAL RESTRAINT

Continuous Lateral Restraint*

≤45˚

≤45˚ Diagonal Bracing*

≤45˚

*Note: Splice reinforcement of CLR and Diagonal Bracing > 2' o.c. typ. similar to that shown in Figure B10-31 as required.

figure b10-32 figure b10-33 83 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

 For Webs that require two rows of CLR, the concepts are the  T-, L-, Scab, I- or U-Reinforcement are five options that in- same as those used to brace a single row of CLR (see Fig- volve adding lumber to increase the web’s section proper- ure B10-34 and B10-35 for examples). Position the Diagonal ties, thereby increasing its resistance to buckling. Proprietary Brace(s) to cross the Webs in close proximity to each row of metal reinforcement products and stacked web products are Lateral Restraint to minimize the out-of-plane bending forces also viable alternatives. This type of reinforcement is typi- in the Web. Attach the Diagonal Brace(s) as close as possible cally used as an alternative to the combination of continuous to the Top and Bottom Chord Plane and to each Web that the lateral restraint (CLR) and diagonal bracing when CLR is not Diagonal Brace(es) crosses. possible or desirable.

Reinforce Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing as  T-Reinforcement is commonly used and creates a “T” shape required for Truss Spacings greater than 4' o.c. Refer to Table when applied to the web member. B10-2 on page 80 or as specified by the Building Designer. T-Reinforcement Position Diagonal Bracing so that it crosses web in close proximity to Truss each row of CLR member

≤45° I-Reinforcement

figure b10-36

figure b10-34 figure b10-35  L-reinforcement is similar to T-Reinforcement, but it creates Note: Splice reinforcement, similar to that shown in Figure B10-31 on page 83, a flat surface on one face of the Truss to permit the direct may also be used with Diagonal Bracing in lieu of overlap shown here. application of sheathing material.

Individual Web Reinforcement (Jobsite Applied) Truss As stated in Section 2303.4.1.2 of the 2015 IBC (see also Chap- member ter 2 of ANSI/TPI 1), one Truss member permanent bracing option includes: “Trusses shall be designed so that the buckling of any individual Truss member is resisted internally by the individual Truss through suitable means (i.e., buckling reinforcement L-Reinforcement by T-reinforcement or L-reinforcement, proprietary reinforce- on one edge ment, etc). The buckling reinforcement of individual members of the Trusses shall be installed as shown on the Truss U-Reinforcement Design Drawing or on supplemental Truss member buckling reinforcement details provided by the Truss Designer.” figure b10-37 This individual member buckling reinforcement is installed by the Contractor.

web reinforcement for single-ply Trusses1

Size Type & Size of Web Minimum Minimum Specified of Grade of Web Reinforcement Length of Web Connection of Web CLR Truss Reinforcement Reinforcement Reinforcement to Web Web T L Scab2 I or U 2x4 2x4 2x4 2x4 90% of Web or 1 Row 2x6 2x6 2x6 2x6 Same species extend to within 2x8 2x8 2x8 2x8 and grade or 6" of end of 16d (0.131x3.5") nails 2x4 ------2-2x4 better than web member, @ 6" on-center2 whichever is 2 Rows 2x6 ------2-2x6 web member greater 2x8 ------2-2x8 1Maximum1Maximum weballowable length web is 14'.length is 14'. 2 2AttachFor Scab Scab Reinforcement Reinforcement use to2 rowsweb withof 10d two (0.120x rows of3") minimum nails at 6" 10d on- center(0.120x3") to attach nails reinforcement at 6" on-center to web table b10-3 84 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

Scab Reinforcement PERMANENT BRACING FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS on one face  Permanent Building Stability Bracing for wind, seismic and/ or other lateral Loads acting perpendicular to the plane of the Trusses will always be needed in every Building and is speci- Truss fied by the Building Designer. member Sway Bracing

 Diagonal Bracing, installed at both ends of a Building and repeated along the length of the Building at intervals specified by the Building Designer, helps to stabilize the Truss System figure b10-38 and minimize the lateral movement due to lateral Loads. Also referred to as “sway” Bracing, this Bracing serves to stiffen the Truss System, thereby greatly reducing stresses caused  Scab Reinforcement is installed on one face of the Web. It is often more structurally efficient for multiple-ply Webs and provides by movement or displacement of the Trusses. easier nailing because it is applied to a wide-face of the Web.  Sway bracing is typically installed on Web members (verti-  I- and U-reinforcement are similar to T- and L-reinforcement, cals, whenever possible) located at or near each row of Bot- respectively, except that two (2) pieces of lumber are added, tom Chord Lateral Restraint and should extend from the Top one to each narrow face of the Web. See Figures B10-36 and Chord Plane to the Bottom Chord Plane at right angles to the B10-37, respectively. Trusses.

 The size, grade and species of the Web Reinforcement mate-  Sway Bracing is designed and installed at the discretion of rial, as well as the nailing schedule for attaching the reinforce- the Building Designer and is not always required. ment to the Web, is typically specified on the Truss Design Drawing, or a supplemental document provided by the Truss  Sway Bracing, if continuous, also serves to distribute gravity Designer. It is sometimes also specified in the construction Loads between Trusses of varying stiffness. documents prepared by the Building Designer. Diagonal Bracing Individual Web Reinforcement (Shop Applied) Web members at end of Building  Proprietary metal reinforcement products and Stacked Web Reinforcement are installed by the Truss Manufacturer at the Truss plant and eliminate the need for additional jobsite reinforcement of the Webs.  Permanent Building Stability Bracing for wind, seismic and/ or other lateral loads acting perpendicular to the plane of the Trusses will always be needed in every building. Bottom Specially Chords designed metal rein- Spacing of “sway” forcement Bracing as specifed by the Building Designer Truss member Note: Some chord and web ≤10' Same spacing as bottom chord members not shown for clarity. Lateral Restraint figure b10-41

figure b10-39

Stacked Web Reinforcement plated to Truss member

Truss member

figure b10-40 85 figure b10-42 BCSI-B10: Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing

Structural Sheathing  Refer to the TDD for the maximum assumed spacing for attaching the Lateral Restraint to the Top Chord. The TDD also Purlins provides the assumed thickness of the restraint and the minimum Connection requirements between the cap and the sup- Sway Bottom Chord porting Truss or restraint. Bracing Lateral Restraint Repeat Diagonal Bracing "Cap" Truss every 8' or as specified. Closer >4' o.c. >4’ o.c. spacing may be required by the CLR (in Structural Sheathing Building Designer. green) at Structural Sheathing, spacing attached to the CLR, specified may also be used in on the TDD Sway Purlins Bracing place of the Diagonal ≤45˚ typ. Bracing. Bottom Chord Supporting Lateral Restraint Truss

>4’ o.c. >4’ o.c. figure b10-43

Reinforce Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing as Install end Lateral Restraints required for Truss Spacings greater than 4' o.c. Refer to near the pitch breaks figure b10-45 Table B10-2 on page 80 or as specified by the Building Designer. Reinforce Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing as required for Truss Spacings greater than 4’ o.c. Refer to Table B10-2 on page 80 or as specified by the Building Designer.  Install all of the required temporary Restraint and Bracing discussed in this document AND the Top Chord Permanent Restraint and Bracing discussed in this section BEFORE installing the cap Trusses.

 Refer to BCSI-B3 for additional information regarding perma- Continuous “sway” or “X” Bracing nent Restraint/Bracing for Truss Chords and Web members. along the length of the Building

figure b10-44 WARNINGS & RESPONSIBILITIES DISCLAIMER: The Truss Manufacturer and Truss Designer rely PERMANENT BRACING FOR THE TOP CHORD IN A on the presumption that the Contractor and crane operator are professionals and that he/she has the capability to undertake the PIGGYBACK ASSEMBLY work they have agreed to do on any given project. If the Contractor believes he/she needs assistance in some aspect of the construc-  With a Piggyback assembly, make sure that the portion of the tion project, he/she should seek assistance from a competent Top Chord of the supporting Truss located directly beneath party. The methods and procedures outlined in this document are the cap Truss is adequately braced to prevent it from buckling intended to ensure that the overall construction techniques em- out from under the cap Truss. Bracing for this portion of the ployed will put the Trusses into place SAFELY. These recommen- Top Chord is accomplished in several ways including: dations for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses are based upon the collective experience of leading personnel in- • CLR and Diagonal Bracing using stress-graded lumber volved with Truss design, manufacture and installation, but must, (Figure B10-45) due to the nature of responsibilities involved, be presented only as • Connecting the CLR into the roof Diaphragm a GUIDE for use by a qualified Building Designer or Contractor. It • Applying Structural Sheathing to the CLR is not intended that these recommendations be interpreted as su- • Some other equivalent means perior to the Building Designer’s design specification for handling, installing, restraining and Bracing Trusses and it does not preclude the use of other equivalent methods for restraining/Bracing and  If Diagonal Bracing is used to Brace the CLR, repeat the Di- providing stability for the walls, columns, floors, roofs and all the agonal Bracing at 8’ intervals or as specified. Closer spacing interrelated Structural Building Components as determined by the may be required by the Building Designer. Contractor. Thus, SBCA, TPI and those who participated in the development of this guide expressly disclaim any responsibility  If Structural Sheathing is used to brace the CLR, provide for damages arising from the use, application, or reliance on the openings, to permit ventilation within the roof assembly. recommendations and information contained herein. 86 BCSI-B11

FALL PROTECTION & TRUSSES

SBCA has created an alternate fall protection plan template, complete with links throughout the document to the applicable steps to follow in its online step-by-step approach to erecting an initial Truss system under OSHA’s fall protection requirements. Visit sbcindustry.com/fp.

Regulations on fall protection and erection/installation of Trusses WARNING Roof and floor Trusses that are not properly in residential construction are contained in OSHA’s Fall Protec- braced per BCSI or sheathed are not able to resist lateral im- tion Standard, 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M (the Standard). Section pact loads associated with falls. A falling worker attached to 1926.501(b)(13) of the Standard states in part: “Each employee an inadequately braced set of Trusses could cause all the engaged in residential construction activities 6 feet or more above previously set Trusses to collapse in a domino effect. lower levels shall be protected by guardrail systems, scaffolding, a safety net system or a personal fall arrest system.”

TRUSS SYSTEMS

DANGER Any part of an inadequately braced or sheathed roof or floor Truss system used as an anchorage point for any type of personal fall arrest system is dangerous and will increase the risk of serious injury or death. figure b11-3

figure b11-1

figure b11-4

 Refer to BCSI-B1, BCSI-B2 and BCSI-B7 for recommenda- figure b11-2 tions on proper bracing of Trusses.

DANGER Do not walk on unbraced Trusses.

figure b11-5 figure b11-6

DANGER Do not stand on Truss overhangs until Structural Sheathing has been applied to the Truss and overhangs.

PHOTO b11-1 87 BCSI-B11: Fall Protection & Trusses

WARNING All fall protection solutions come with their own inherent hazards during use.

CAUTION Addressing fall protection hazards may be obvi- ous, but other hazards must also be considered when choos- ing the appropriate site-specific fall protection systems. This includes:

1. electrical hazards, including power lines

2. projectile hazards while using pneumatic nail guns

3. tripping hazards from cords and bracing materials photo b11-2 4. lower level hazards, such as wall bracing, which some fall protection systems do not protect against

FALL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT INSTALLATION

DANGER Individual Trusses alone are NOT designed to SUP- PORT fall protection equipment.

The Contractor is responsible for the construction means, methods, techniques, sequences, procedures, programs, and safety in connection with the receipt, storage, handling, installation, restraining, and bracing of Trusses. photo b11-3 DANGER Do not walk on Trusses or gable end frames lying  Refer to ANSI/ASSE Z359.2-2007, Minimum Requirements flat. They do not have the structural strength to support a for a Comprehensive Managed Fall Protection Program, for worker safely while oriented flat. guidance in meeting minimum fall protection equipment installation and use requirements. This standard refers to equipment only, and does not apply to the underlying structure to which the equipment is attached.

Commentary E5.4.2.2 of ANSI/ASSE Z359.2-2007 states, “The impact of fall forces on beams, columns and their supports other than anchorages are not addressed by this standard.”

CAUTION While the equipment itself may resist the forces generated by a falling worker, it is up to a qualified person to determine whether the building’s structural system to which the fall protection equipment is attached meets or exceeds photo b11-4 this standard as well. SITE-SPECIFIC JOB HAZARD ASSESSMENT Fall protection and safety measures are jobsite and building specific. The appropriate fall protection method must be determined through a site-specific job hazard assessment (JHA) conducted by a qualified person who can design, install, and use fall protection systems and is authorized to correct any problems. The JHA is intended to assist in identifying risks and the least hazardous way to install Trusses for a particular job. photo b11-5 photo b11-6 Fall hazards identified in the JHA shall be addressed with conventional methods, whenever possible, including: guardrails, scaffold- Scaffolding ing, safety nets, personal fall arrest systems or catch platforms. Use of interior or exterior scaffolding as a fall arrest system is Employers must consider whether it is safer to design and install permitted, but installation and use must adhere to the Standard a safe work platform/system around a hazard. requirements in 29 CFR 1926.500. 88 BCSI-B11: Fall Protection & Trusses

The fall protection plan’s alternative measures must apply to suf- ficiently trained and experienced workers, and the plan must meet the requirements of 29 CFR 1926.502(k) and be site specific. The use of alternative measures shall be used in conjunction with conventional fall protection systems, and the use of alternative methods shall be as limited as possible. fIGURE b11-7 Ground Assembly Pre-assemble a Truss system on the ground. Fully laterally restrain and diagonally brace, per BCSI-B1 and BCSI-B2, the bottom chord and web member planes. Completely brace, per BCSI-B1 and BCSI-B2, or sheath the top chord plane, for adequate stability. Lift and set in place. This pre-assembled section may then be used as an attachment point for personal fall restraint anchorage.

FIGURE b11-8 Guard Rails

Use of guard rails along the perimeter of the work area as a fall arrest system is permitted, but installation and use must adhere to the Standard requirements in 29 CFR 1926.500. photo b11-7 Roof Peak Anchors

WARNING Completely brace, per BCSI-B1 and BCSI-B2, or sheath Trusses before installing a roof anchor for use as a personal fall restraint system. Installation and use must adhere to the Standard requirements in 29 CFR 1926.500.

WARNING It is always safest to sheath a section (e.g. three or more Trusses) of the roof system before installing a roof anchor for use as a personal fall restraint system. Installation and use must adhere to the Standard requirements in 29 CFR 1926.500. photo b11-8 ALTERNATIVE FALL PROTECTION PLANS After conducting a JHA, if the qualified person is able to demon- strate that conventional fall protection measures are infeasible or present a greater hazard to a particular worker or the entire crew, an employer may implement a written alternative fall protection plan in compliance with residential construction fall protection under 29 CFR 1926.501(b)(13).

29 CFR 1926.501(b)(2)(i) states, “there is a presumption that it is feasible and will not create a greater hazard to implement at least one of the [listed] fall protection systems. Ac- cordingly, the employer has the burden of establishing that it is appropriate to implement a fall protection plan which complies with 1926.502(k) for a particular workplace situation, in lieu of implementing any of those systems.”

89 BCSI-B11: Fall Protection & Trusses

Notes:

90 Building Component Safety Information

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Below is a Glossary of Terms that are intended to assist the reader. Building: Structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering All capitalized terms contained within BCSI shall have the meaning any use or occupancy. set forth in this Glossary of Terms. Building Component Safety Information (BCSI): The jointly pro- WARNING CAUTION DANGER duced SBCA/TPI Guide to Good Practice for Handling, In- The use of this symbol and any of these words is intended to stalling, Restraining and Bracing of Metal Plate Connected indicate to the reader that an unsafe condition or action will Wood Trusses. BCSI fulfills the policies of the two associa- greatly increase the probability of an accident occurring, tions to promote handling, installing and Bracing guidelines which could easily result in serious personal injury or death. for Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses (MPCWT) that are simple, safe, proven methods consistent with good framing Anchorage: Connection between the roof or floor framing mem- construction practices in the field. bers (e.g., Trusses, Bracing, etc.) and the Building structure, which is required to transfer the forces from these members Building Designer: Owner of the Building or the person that contracts into the Building. with the Owner for the design of the Framing Structural System and/or who is responsible for the preparation of the Construction ANSI/TPI 1-2014: National Design Standard for Metal Plate Documents. When mandated by the Legal Requirements, the Connected Wood Truss Construction, which covers design Building Designer shall be a Registered Design Professional. responsibilities, quality criteria for Trusses, metal Connec- tor plate manufacturing, performance evaluation of metal Building Official: Officer or other designated authority charged connector plated Connections, materials and general design with the administration and enforcement of the building code, considerations, member design procedures, and metal con- or a duly authorized representative. nector plate joint design. Ceiling Diaphragm: The horizontal or sloped structural system B-Series Summary Sheets: A comprehensive set of Building defined by the ceiling plane acting to transmit lateral forces to safety and Bracing documents created by the SBCA and TPI the vertical resisting elements. to educate Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss (MPCWT) us- Clinched Nail: A nail selected to be longer than the member(s) it ers of the inherent dangers associated with the handling, in- is driven through and which is bent back the dimension of its stalling and Bracing of these products, and to train on how to excess length. install MPCWTs safely. Connectors and Connections: Fasteners that join two or more Blocking: A solid member placed between structural members, members together, including: nails, metal plates or Truss usually at the bearings, to provide lateral support. Plates, Truss and joist hangers, screws, and bolts. Bottom Chord: The horizontal or pitched member that defines the Construction Documents: Written, graphic and pictorial docu- lower edge of a Truss, usually carrying combined tension and ments prepared or assembled for describing the design (in- bending stresses. cluding the Framing Structural System), location and physi- Bottom Chord Bearing: Bearing condition of a Truss that is sup- cal characteristics of the elements of a Building necessary to ported on its Bottom Chord (see Figure B7-2, page 59). obtain a Building permit and construct a Building. Bottom Chord Plane: The two-dimensional area formed by the top Construction Loading: The Loads from workers and building ma- or bottom edge of adjacent similar Bottom Chords allowing terials on an unfinished structure, for example, when build- for the Connection of ceiling Diaphragm, or Bracing members ers stack bundles of panel sheathing or gypsum board on in a linear fashion. Trusses during the construction process. Bottom Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (BCTLR): Structural Continuous Lateral Restraint (CLR): A line of structural mem- members installed at right angles to the Bottom Chord of a bers (typically lumber or metal) installed at right angles to Truss during construction to reduce the laterally unsupported a chord or web member of a Truss to reduce the laterally length of the Bottom Chord. unsupported length of the Truss member. The CLR must be properly braced to prevent the simultaneous lateral deforma- Brace, Bracing: Providing stability against unintended movement tion and/or buckling of the series of Truss members to which or motion. See Diagonal Bracing and Structural Sheathing. it is attached due to laterally imposed Loads on, and/or the Bridging: Cross bridging placed between structural members, accumulation of buckling forces within, the Truss members, usually at the bearings, to provide lateral support. respectively. See Lateral Restraint. 91 Glossary of Terms

Contract: Legally recognized document between two parties. Floating Connection: A Connection between Trusses or Structural Contractor: Owner of a Building, or the person who contracts with Elements and non-load bearing interior walls that allows for the Owner, who constructs the Building in accordance with seasonal movement. Wood blocking or specially designed the Construction Documents and the Truss Submittal Pack- slotted metal clips can be used to hold the Truss in alignment age. The term “Contractor” shall include those subcontrac- and allow for this movement. tors who have a direct Contract with the Contractor to per- Framing Structural System: Completed combination of structural form all or a portion of the construction. elements, Trusses, Connections and other systems, which Conventional Fall Protection Systems: Under 29 CFR serve to support the Building’s self-weight and the specified 1926.500(b), conventional fall protection systems include: Loads. “guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest Gable End Frame: A component manufactured to complete the system.” See Personal Fall Arrest System. end wall of a Building. The Bottom Chord of the Gable End Frame has continuous vertical support provided by the end Conventional Framing: Framing with conventional joists, rafters wall or beam. Vertical members between the Top and Bottom and wall studs. Chords are typically spaced at 24" on-center. The vertical Conventional Light-frame Wood Construction: A type of con- members function as Load carrying members and as attach- struction whose primary structural elements are formed by ment members for sheathing or other end wall coverings. The a system of repetitive wood-framing members. This includes Gable End Frame must be incorporated into the end wall by wood Truss construction. the Building Designer. Cross Bracing: A type of Diagonal Bracing in which the Brac- Gambrel: Roof having two slopes on each side of the peak, the ing members are crossed to form and “X.” Cross Bracing lower slope usually steeper than the upper one (see Figure is installed in the Web Member Plane of Trusses to transfer B2-15, page 22). lateral Loads out of the Truss system into the roof and Ceiling Girder Truss: Truss designed to carry heavy loads from other Diaphragms. Also referred to as “sway Bracing” or “X Brac- structural members framing into it. Usually a Multiple-Ply ing.” See Diagonal Bracing. Truss. Cross Bridging: Wood or metal members that are placed between Ground Bracing: Used to provide stability for the first Truss or Trusses or joists in an angled position, usually at the bearings, group of Trusses installed. It is composed of vertical and di- intended to spread the Load and stabilize the members. agonal members providing support for the installed Trusses Deformed Shank Nails: Ring, or screw shaped configuration of from the earth, floor, foundation or slab. Ground Bracing a nail shank. should be located in line with the Top Chord Lateral Restraint. Proper Ground Bracing also requires lateral and strut Bracing Diagonal Bracing: Structural member installed at an angle to a to ensure stability and support (see Figures B2-3 and 4, page Truss chord or web member and intended to temporarily and/ 19). or permanently stabilize Truss Member(s) and/or Truss(es) (see BCSI-B1, BCSI-B2, BCSI-B3, BCSI-B7 and BCSI-B10). Ground Bracing Components: See also Ground Bracing and Figures B2-3 and 4, page 19. Diaphragm: Horizontal or sloped system defined by the celing, floor or roof plane acting to transmit lateral forces to the verti- • Backup Ground Stake cal lateral force resisting elements (e.g., walls). • Driven Ground Stake • End Diagonal Brace DSB-89: Recommended Design Specification for Temporary • Ground Brace Diagonal Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses. A TPI pub- • Ground Lateral Restraint lication developed for use by architects and engineers to pro- • Ground Brace Vertical vide guidance for designing structural Bracing. • Horizontal Tie Member Duration of Load: Total length of time during which a Load acts • Strut on a member. In wood, a design consideration for modify- Commentary from DSB-89 on Ground Bracing: ing allowable stresses, based on the accumulated Loadings anticipated during the life of a structure. Connections: The installer should provide adequate Con- Exterior Ground Brace: See Ground Bracing and Figure B2-3, nections between the Ground Bracing system and the first page 19. braced Truss to resist the cumulative brace force (P) as determined in Section 4 and Appendix A of DSB-89. A mini- Fall Protection Plan: A written plan prepared for the prevention of mum of 2-16d nails (0.135x3.5") nailed in accordance with injuries associated with falls. A Fall Protection Plan must be NDS® criteria should be used for each Connection in the developed and evaluated on a site-by-site basis. Ground Brace system.

92 Glossary of Terms

Diagonals: Ground Brace Diagonals should be continuous Infeasible: Under 29 CFR 1926.500(b), “infeasible means that it from the point at which the Ground Brace Vertical is attached is impossible to perform the construction work using a con- at the top chord of the braced Truss down at about a 45° angle ventional fall protection system (i.e., guardrail system, safety to a Ground Stake. The diagonal should be connected to the net system, or personal fall arrest system) or that it is tech- ground stake and to the vertical with adequate Connections. nologically impossible to use any one of these systems to provide fall protection.” End Diagonal Brace: When Ground Brace Diagonals require Bracing, the Ground Brace Diagonals at each end of the Interior Ground Brace: See Ground Bracing and Figure B2-4, Ground Brace system should be restrained laterally from the page 19. midpoint of the Ground Brace Diagonal down at about 45° I-Reinforcement: Two pieces of stress-graded lumber attached to to a driven stake and denoted as end Diagonal Braces (see a web as reinforcement against buckling instability. The wide Figure B2-3 and 4, page 19). face of each reinforcing member is attached to the narrow Ground Stakes: If soil conditions are poor, it may be nec- faces of the web, forming an I shape. essary to add a Horizontal Tie Member at ground level to Jurisdiction: Governmental unit that is responsible for adapting connect the lower end of the Ground Brace Vertical and the and enforcing the Building code. lower end of the Ground Brace Diagonal. Then, it is possible Knee Brace: Brace positioned between a column and Truss pan- to drive multiple stakes along the length of this horizontal Tie el points when Trusses are supported by columns lacking Member as needed to develop the required lateral resistance transverse Bracing. by the earth. A Backup Ground Stake is an alternate method of reinforcement in poor soil conditions (see Figure B2-3, L-Reinforcement: A piece of stress-graded lumber attached to a page 19). web as reinforcement against buckling instability. The wide face of the reinforcing member is attached to the narrow face The proper placements and capacities of all ground stakes of the web, forming an L shape. are the responsibility of the installer. Lateral Bending: Bending out of the plane of the Truss. The ground stake should be driven to a capacity which will Lateral Restraint: Also known as continuous lateral brace or CLB. resist one and one half times the cumulative lateral bracing A structural member installed at right angles to a chord or force (P) as determined from DSB-89. Web member of a Truss to reduce the laterally unsupported Responsibility: The installer is responsible for the proper length of the Truss member (see BCSI-B1, BCSI-B2, BCSI- selection of lumber sizes, Connections and installation of the B3, BCSI-B7 and BCSI-B10). Ground Bracing system. Legal Requirements: Any applicable provisions of all statutes, laws, rules, regulations, ordinances, codes, or orders of the Splices: Splices for Ground Bracing should occur only at governing Jurisdiction. a point that is laterally restrained. Splices for Ground Brac- ing, if constructed with wood members, should have a mini- Lift: The act of mechanically or manually hoisting. mum three-foot overlap nailed with a minimum of ten 16d Live Load: Loads produced by the use and occupancy of the (0.135x3.5") nails, nailed in accordance with NDS® specifi- Building, which do not include construction or environmental cations and clinched for safety. Loads such as Wind Load, snow Load, rain Load, earthquake Struts: Struts, where needed, should be connected between Load, flood Load or dead Load. the midpoint of the Ground Brace Diagonal and the lower end Load: Forces or other actions that arise on structural systems of the Ground Brace Vertical. Struts should be no less than 2x4 from the weight of all permanent construction, occupants Stress-Graded Lumber and should be nailed with a minimum and their possessions, environmental effects, differential of 2-16d (0.135x3.5") nails clinched at each Connection. settlement and restrained dimensional changes. Hip Set: Series of Trusses of the same span and Overhang that Long Span Trusses: Trusses with a clear span of 60' or greater. decrease in height to form the end slope of a hip roof system. Machine-Stress Rated Lumber (MSR): Type of machine-graded Also called a step-down Truss System. lumber designated by the design bending stress, Fb, and Hip Truss: Trusses used in a hip set roof system. Each Hip Truss modulus of elasticity, MOE or E, values. For example, an MSR has the same span and Overhang as the adjacent standard grade of 1650f-1.5E designates the bending stress of 1650 Trusses but decreases in height with the Top and Bottom psi and an MOE of 1.5 million psi. Other design properties are Chords of its center portion parallel to each other and hori- listed in the National Design Specification® (NDS®). zontal. Also referred to as a step-down Truss. Mean Roof Height: The elevation of the roof mid-way between the eave and the ridge (see Figure B3-29, page 46). Metal Connector Plate: See Truss Plate.

93 Glossary of Terms

Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss (MPCWT): Engineered, Piggyback Truss: Truss made and shipped to the jobsite in two pre-fabricated structural component, assembled from wood pieces consisting of a supporting Truss with a triangular members and metal connector plates, and designed to carry supported (i.e., “cap”) Truss. The supporting Truss and cap superimposed dead and live Loads. The Truss members form Truss are attached to one another at the jobsite. Piggyback a rigid, planar, structural component and are usually assem- Trusses are used when shipping or manufacturing restric- bled such that the members form triangles. tions limit the overall Truss height. Mono Truss: Truss that has a single Top Chord, and a slope great- Proprietary Metal Restraint/Bracing Products: Metal products er than 1.5/12. used as Diagonal Bracing, Lateral Restraint, Bridging and Web Reinforcement, which are available from a number of Multi-Ply Truss: A Truss designed to be installed as an assembly manufacturers as alternatives to wood products. of two or more individual Trusses fastened together to act as one. Ply-to-ply Connections of multi-ply Trusses are speci- Purlins: Structural horizontal members attached perpendicular to fied on the Truss Design Drawing. the Truss Top Chord used to provide Lateral Restraint to the Top Chord and to support and transfer the roof Loads to the Nail-On Plate: Light-gauge cold-formed steel metal connector Trusses. plates with pre-punched holes or, if cut to size, without holes but having identifying marks through which nails are driven Qualified Person: Under 29 CFR 1926.503(a)(2), a qualified by hand or power means into the lumber. They are typically person is one who should have knowledge, and be able to used in repairs. provide training to others, in the following areas: “the nature of fall hazards in the work area; the correct procedures for National Design Specification® (NDS®) For Wood Construction: erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting the Publication of the American Wood Council (AWC), this Stan- fall protection systems to be used; the use and operation of dard is referenced by model building codes for structural de- guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net sign of wood buildings. Also includes a supplement of lumber systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, sizes, grades, species and allowable stresses. controlled access zones, and other protection to be used; Overhang: Extension of the Top Chord of a Truss past the Bottom the role of each employee in the safety monitoring system Chord to form the eave/soffit framing of the roof. when this system is used; the limitations on the use of me- Owner: Person having a legal or equitable interest in the property chanical equipment during the performance of roofing work upon which a Building is to be constructed, and: (1) either on low-sloped roofs; the correct procedures for the handling prepares or retains the Building Designer or Registered De- and storage of equipment and materials and the erection of sign Professional to prepare the Construction Documents; overhead protection; and, the role of employees in fall protec- and (2) either constructs or retains the Contractor to con- tion plans.” struct the Building. Registered Design Professional (RDP): Architect or engineer, Panel Point: Location on a Truss where the Web members and who is licensed to practice their respective design profession Top or Bottom Chords intersect and are connected by Metal as defined by the Legal Requirements of the Jurisdiction in Connector Plates. which the Building is to be constructed. Parallel Chord Truss (PCT): Truss with Top and Bottom Chords Repair Detail: A written, graphic or pictorial depiction of the re- with equal slopes. quired fix to an altered or damaged Truss or part. Permanent Building Stability Bracing (PBSB): Lateral force resist- Ribbon: Framing member installed on the edge of the exterior pe- ing system for the Building that resists forces from gravity, rimeter, usually tying the ends of floor Trusses together. wind, seismic, and/or other Loads. Rigid ceiling: See Ceiling Diaphragm. Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint (pitmr): Re- Rim Joist: Full-depth framing member installed on the edge of the straint that is used to prevent local buckling of an individual exterior perimeter, used to provide lateral support and to tie Truss chord or Web member due to the axial forces in the the ends of floor Trusses together. Also referred to as a band individual Truss member (see BCSI-B2 and BCSI-B3). board. Personal Fall Arrest System: An individual worker’s Fall Protec- Scab: Member fastened to another member for reinforcement. tion System, composed of a safety belt or full body harness, and lanyard, lifeline, and any other connecting equipment that Scab Reinforcement: A piece of Stress-Graded Lumber attached is used to secure the worker to an individual anchor or to to a Web as reinforcement against buckling instability. The a horizontal lifeline system; designed to stop a worker’s fall wide face of the reinforcing member is attached to the wide before the worker hits the surface below. face of the Web. Scissors Truss: Dual pitch, triangular Truss with dual pitched Bot- tom Chords (see Figure B2-17, page 22).

94 Glossary of Terms

Seismic Load: Assumed Load acting in any direction on the Build- T-Reinforcement: A piece of Stress-Graded Lumber attached to ing and its Structural Elements due to the dynamic action of a Web as reinforcement against buckling instability. The wide earthquakes. face of the reinforcing member is attached to the narrow face of the Web, forming a T shape. Short Member Temporary Lateral Restraint: Short pieces of 2x4 or larger members fastened at right angles to the Truss Temporary Installation Restraint/Bracing: Lateral Restraint and Chords during installation of the Trusses for the purpose of Diagonal Bracing installed during construction for the pur- reducing the laterally unsupported length of the Truss mem- pose of holding Trusses in their proper location, plumb and ber. Multiple sets of Diagonal Bracing must be installed simul- in plane, until Permanent Individual Truss Member Restraint, taneously with each set of Short Member Temporary Lateral Diagonal Bracing and Permanent Building Stability Bracing Restraint (see Option B of BCSI-B2, page 28). are completely installed (see BCSI-B1, BCSI-B2, BCSI-B3, and ). Spreader Bar: A specifically designed lifting device that enables BCSI-B7 BCSI-B10 the lifting cables to hang straight or toe-in to their points of Temporary Lateral Restraint: Lateral Restraint that is attached Connection so as not to induce buckling forces in the Truss to Truss members during installation of the Trusses and is being lifted. intended to be temporary. See Lateral Restraint. Stacked Web Reinforcement: Reinforcement member plated to the Toe-nail: Nail driven at an angle to the member. narrow face of a Web in the Truss plant to avoid the need for Top Chord: Inclined or horizontal member that establishes the top field-installed reinforcement or Lateral Restraint and Bracing. edge of a Truss, usually carrying combined compression and Stiffback: The Spreader Bar when it is brought down along side bending stresses. and attached directly to the Truss being lifted to provide suf- Top Chord Bearing: Bearing condition of a Truss that bears on its ficient rigidity to adequately resist out-of-plane bending of the Top Chord extension (see Figure B7-3, page 59). Truss. See Spreader Bar. Top Chord Plane: The two-dimensional area formed by the top or Stress-Graded Lumber: Lumber of any thickness and width that bottom edge of adjacent similar Top Chords, allowing for the is graded for its mechanical properties. Connection of a Diaphragm or Bracing members in a linear Strongbacking: Nominal 2x6 or greater Stress-Graded Lumber fashion. attached perpendicular to floor Trusses, often through the Top Chord Temporary Lateral Restraint (TCTLR): Structural chase opening, and placed vertically against a vertical Web, members installed at right angles to the Top Chord of a Truss or vertical block attached to the side of the Truss. during construction to reduce the laterally unsupported length Structural Building Components: Specialized structural Build- of the Top Chord. ing products designed, engineered and manufactured under Triangulation: The act of forming rigid triangles with objects ad- controlled conditions for a specific application. They are in- equately fastened together (see Figure B2-28, page 25). corporated into the overall Building Structural System by the Building Designer. Examples are roof Trusses, floor Trusses, Truss: Individual metal plate connected wood component manu- floor panels, wall panels, I-joists, beams, headers, lintels, factured for the construction of the Building. Structural Sheathing, columns, etc. Truss Design Drawing (TDD): Written, graphic and pictorial de- Structural Composite Lumber (SCL): Composite of wood veneer piction of an individual Truss that includes information re- sheets, wafers, or wood strand elements, joined with an ad- quired in ANSI/TPI 1. hesive with wood fibers primarily oriented along the length of Truss Design Engineer: Person who is licensed to practice engi- the member. These materials are intended for structural use. neering as defined by the Legal Requirements of the Juris- Examples include LVL, PSL and LSL. diction in which the Building is to be constructed and who Structural Element: Single structural member (other than a Truss) supervises the preparation of the Truss Design Drawings. that is specified in the Construction Documents. Truss Designer: Person responsible for the preparation of the Structural Sheathing: The structural covering used directly over Truss Design Drawings. the roof, floor or wall framing members that transfers perpen- Truss Heel Height: Vertical depth of the Truss at the outside face dicular Loads to the framing members. Structural Sheathing of bearing. commonly used with Trusses includes plywood, oriented Truss Manufacturer: Person engaged in the fabrication of Trusses. strand board (OSB), and certain types of metal decking. Properly sized and installed, Structural Sheathing provides Truss Orientation: Truss position or alignment within a structure both Lateral Restraint and stability to the Truss members. relative to bearing walls. Submittal Documents: Construction Documents, special inspec- Truss Placement Diagram (TPD): Illustration identifying the as- tion and structural observation programs, data, guides, re- sumed location of each Truss. ports, and manufacturer’s installation instructions submitted for approval with each permit application or available at the jobsite at the time of inspection. 95 Glossary of Terms

Truss Plate: Individual Metal Connector Plate manufactured U-Reinforcement: Two pieces of Stress-Graded Lumber attached from ASTM A446, A591, A792 or A167 structural quality to a Web as reinforcement against buckling instability. The steel protected with zinc or zinc-aluminum alloy coatings or wide face of each reinforcing member is attached to the nar- their stainless steel equivalent. The Truss Plate has integral row faces of the Web, forming a U shape. teeth and is manufactured in various sizes (i.e., lengths and Valley Set: Set of triangular components used to frame the shape widths) and thicknesses or gages and is designed to laterally of dormers and to complete the roof framing where Trusses transmit loads when embedded in wood members. intersect at perpendicular corners. Truss Profile: A side view representation or outline of a Truss. Web Member Plane: Two-dimensional area formed by the top or Truss Spacing: Distance or void between two adjacent Trusses bottom edge of adjacent similar Web members allowing for in a row of Trusses. Typically dimensional/measured center the Connection of Lateral Restraint and Bracing members. to center. Web Reinforcement: Piece of structural material attached to a Truss Span: Horizontal distance between outside edges of exterior Web as reinforcement against buckling instability. Types of bearings. Web Reinforcement include T, L, I, U, Scab, Stacked Web and Truss Submittal Package: Package consisting of each individual proprietary metal reinforcement. Truss Design Drawing, and, as applicable, the Truss Place- Webs: Members that join the Top and Bottom Chords to form the ment Diagram, the Cover/Truss Index Sheet, Lateral Restraint triangular patterns typical of Trusses. These members typi- and Diagonal Bracing details designed in accordance with cally carry axial forces. generally accepted engineering practice, applicable BCSI de- Wind Load: Load created by the wind as determined for design fined Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing details, and any purposes, usually described in pounds per square foot of the other structural details germane to the Trusses. area being affected. Truss System: Assemblage of Trusses and Girder Trusses, to- Wind Speed: Design Wind Speed for the structure. The value gether with all Bracing, Connections, and other Structural is determined by the Building Designer, with the minimum Elements and all spacing and location criteria, that, in com- determined by the building code in effect in the Jurisdiction bination, function to support the dead, Live and Wind Loads where the structure is built. applicable to the roof of a structure with respect to a Truss System for the roof, and the floor of a structure with respect Worker Lift: Machine intended to mechanically hoist a worker. to a Truss System for the floor. A Truss System does not include walls, foundations, or any other structural support systems.

96 Building Component Safety Information

REFERENCE

Industry Associations & Governmental Agencies Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) US Department of Labor American Wood Council Occupational Safety & Health Administration 222 Catoctin Circle, SE, Suit 201 • Leesburg, VA 20175 200 Constitution Ave NW • Washington, DC 20210 202-463 2766 • 202-463-2791 fax 800-321-6742 awc.org osha.gov

American Institute of Architects (AIA) Structural Building Components Association (SBCA) 1735 New York Ave NW • Washington, DC 20006-5292 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 202-626-7300 • 202-626-7547 fax 608-274-4849 • 608-274-3329 fax aia.org sbcindustry.com

American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Truss Plate Institute (TPI) 25 West 43rd Street, 4th floor • New York, NY 10036 218 N Lee St Ste 312 • Alexandria, VA 22314 212-642-4900 • 212-398-0023 fax 703-683-1010 • 866-501-4012 fax ansi.org tpinst.org

American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) 2950 Niles Rd • St Joseph, MI 49085 INDUSTRY STANDARDS, GUIDELINES 269-429-0300 • 269-429-3852 fax & RECOMMENDATIONS asabe.org Commentary for Permanent Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses by John Meeks, P.E. (1999): This document American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is intended to provide guidelines for Building Designers to 1801 Alexander Bell Dr • Reston, VA 20191-4400 use in designing and specifying permanent bracing for Metal 800-548-2723 • 703-295-6333 fax Plate Connected Wood Truss Systems. asce.org DSB-89: Recommended Design Specification for Temporary Association of Crane & Rigging Professionals Bracing of Metal Plate Connected Wood Trusses - Publica- 28175 Haggerty Road • Novi, MI 48377 tion of TPI developed for use by architects and engineers to 800-690-3921 provide guidance for designing structural Bracing. acrp.net Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Handbook - Third Edition: National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) Publication of SBCA, this reference book on Metal Plate Con- 1201 15th St NW • Washington, DC 20005 nected Wood Trusses has been updated with the most cur- 202-266-8200 • 202-266-8400 fax rent industry standards and building codes, history, design, nahb.org fabrication, testing, quality assurance, Connection details, fire resistance assemblies and much more. Also included National Frame Builders Association (NFBA) are appendices containing roof and floor span tables, design 8735 W Higgins Road • Chicago, IL 60631 aids, specifications, a glossary, industry associations, and a 800-557-6957 • 847-375-6495 fax list of SBCA members. nfba.org National Design Specification® (NDS®) For Wood Construction: A publication of the American Wood Council (AWC), this standard is referenced by model building codes for structural design of wood Buildings. Also includes a supplement of lumber sizes, grades, species and reference design values. 97 Reference

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION TAGS

AL-T: DESIGNED FOR ADDITIONAL LOADING DESIGNED fOR ADDItIONAL LOADING 20060409 a L See TruSS DeSign Drawing for Specific informaTion This tag informs that the Truss has been designed to support heavier Loads in this particular area www.tpinst.org p late i nstitute (e.g., attic frame floor Loads, rooftop mechanical units, storage Loads, etc.). a ll r ights eserved c opyright © 1992-2006 PLA t E HERE ndustry & Truss – r epresenting the Structural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & Truss w T ca Vea Dibujo De DiSeño De TruSS para información eSpecífica

DISEÑADO PARA CARGA ADICIONAL www.sbcindustry.com

bearing location 20060409 BL BL-T: BEARING LOCATION See TRuSS DeSIgn Place this tag at points where additional or interior bearing supports should be located under the DRAWIng foR SPeCIfIC www.tpinst.org InfoRmATIon Truss.

VeA DIBujo De

lUgar De coJinete www.sbcindustry.com

concentrated load here 20060409 c L CL-T: CONCENTRATED LOAD See TruSS DeSign Place this tag at the spot where a Truss is to support a concentrated or point Load. Drawing for Specific www.tpinst.org p late i nstitute informaTion a ll r ights eserved c opyright © 1992-2006 Vea Dibujo De DiSeño P late here De TruSS para infor- – r epresenting the Structural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & Truss w T ca mación eSpecífica

carGa concentrada aQUI www.sbcindustry.com

DRILL-T: DO NOT CUT, DRILL OR ALTER

do not alter truss lumber or 20060409 DRILL This tag emphasizes that Trusses should not be cut or modified in any way. plates www.tpinst.org Copyright © 1992-2006 All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1992-2006 plate H ere

no altere Plate Institute Truss – Representing the Structural Building Components Industry & WTCA

madera de truss u lamInas www.sbcindustry.com

FAll-T: Fall Protection This tag warns that trusses by themselves are NOT to be used as fall protection anchors and refers the installer to BCSI-B11 for more information on fall protection issues.

JOBSITE-T: JOBSITE WARNING JOBSITE 20060409 WARNING! ¡ADVERTENCIA! .tpinst.org This tag warns to refer to instruction material for proper handling, storing, restraining and Bracing Before handling, Antes de mover, ww w russ Plate Institute T storing or installing guardar o instalar los information. All Rights Reserved components refer componentes vea to BCSI Summary la Hoja Sumaria del Sheet(s) and BCSI y los materiales materials provided incluidos en el Copyright © 1992-2006 PL ATE H ERE

in the component PAQUETE DE OBRA – Representing the Structural Building Components Industry & A .co m y r manufacturer’s del fabricante de WTC

componentes. .sbcindust ww w

98 Reference

MPT-T: MULTI-PLY TRUSS this is a multi-ply truss 20070109 MPT (not single ply) This tag emphasizes that the Truss is not to be used singly and refers the installer to the Truss Design www.tpinst.org Fasten trusses together according to Truss Design Drawing, prior Drawing for multi-ply Connection requirements. to erecting whenever possible. Inspect all connections.

Abroche trusses juntos de acuerdo con el dibujo de diseño de truss, antes de erectar cuando sea posible. Copyright © 1992-2007 All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1992-2007 Inspecte todas las conecciones. plate here (no De una Capa) Plate Institute Truss – Representing the Structural Building Components Industry & WTCA este truss es De Varias Capas www.sbcindustry.com

NOTE: WEB MEMBER PERMANENT LATERAL RESTRAINT REINFORCEMENT MAY PLRB-T: PERMANENT LATERAL RESTRAINT AND DIAGONAL BRACING ALSO BE POSSIBLE; SEE PLB 20100304 & DIAGONAL BRACING REQUIRED BCSI-B3 This tag indicates that the designated member requires Lateral Restraint and Diagonal Bracing and

SEE TRUSS DESIGN DRAWING FOR LATERAL RESTRAINT; CONSULT BUILDING DESIGNER www.tpinst.org AND/OR BCSI-B3 FOR DIAGONAL BRACING instructs the installer to look for more information on the Truss Design Drawing, BCSI-B3 and from the LATERAL RESTRAINT Building Designer.

DIAGONAL ES REQUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com

SBR-T: STRONGBACKING sTrongBACking sbr 20070109 see truss design drawing for specific information This tag recommends the use of 2x6 Strongbacking at 10' o.c. It tells the installer to check the Truss rECoMMEndEd www.tpinst.org

2x6 strongback russ p late i nstitute t Design Drawing for more specific information. at 10' o.c. 2x6 espaLda a ll r ights eserved fuerte en 10' o.c. CABALLETE c opyright © 1992-2007 dE "sTrong- PLATE HE r E – r epresenting the s tructural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & BACking" wtca Vea dibujo de diseño de truss rECoMEndAdA para información específica www.sbcindustry.com

TRUSSES ARE UNSTABLE UNTIL PROPERLY RESTRAINED & BRACED WARNING! See BCSI-B1 or BCSI-B2 for Temporary Restraint & Bracing Information. TEMPBRACE-T: TEMPORARY RESTRAINT & BRACING Consult Building Designer and BCSI-B3 for Permanent Restraint & Bracing Information. TEMPBRACE 20070515 TEMPBRACE For Trusses 60' or Greater in Length, Consult a Professional Engineer. .tpinst.org This tag complements BCSI-B1 & BCSI-B2 Summary Sheets. Place this tag on Trusses to indicate ww w russ Plate Institute T the need for temporary restraint and Bracing. This tag will assist you in providing safety information to All Rights Reserved your customers, and draws attention to the summary sheets, which give detailed information on how to install temporary restraint and Bracing. Copyright © 1992-2007 PL ATE H ERE – Representing the Structural Building Components Industry &

LOS TRUSSES SON INESTABLES HASTA QUE SEAN A .co m y r ¡ADVERTENCIA! RESTRINGIDO Y ARRIOSTRADOS APROPIADAMENTE WTC Vea BCSI-B1 o BCSI-B2 para Información Sobre la Restricción y el Arriostre Temporal.

Consulte el Diseñador de Ediﬁcio y BCSI-B3 para Información Sobre la Restricción y el Arriostre Permanente. .sbcindust

Para Trusses Más de 60 Pies de Largo, Consulte a un Ingeniero Profesional. ww w

20060409 TOP-T: THIS SIDE UP op this side up T See TruSS DeSign This tag reduces the chance that Parallel Chord Trusses will be inadvertently installed upside down. www.tpinst.org

Drawing for Specific p late i nstitute informaTion tOp CuMBRe a ll r ights eserved Vea Dibujo De DiSeño De TruSS para información c opyright © 1992-2006 eSpecífica p LA te he R e ndustry & Truss – r epresenting the Structural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & Truss este LAdO w T ca pARA ARRiBA www.sbcindustry.com

WEB REINFORCEMENT REqUIRED WEBREINF-T: WEB REINFORCEMENT See TruSS DeSign Drawing for Specific informaTion webreinf 20060409 This tag identifies particular Webs that require Web Reinforcement including T-Reinforcement, L- www.tpinst.org p late i nstitute Reinforcement and Scab Reinforcement. a ll r ights eserved T, L or Scab reinforcemenT T, L o refuerZo c opyright © 1992-2006 De ScabS PLATE HERE ndustry & Truss – r epresenting the Structural b uilding c omponents i ndustry & Truss w T ca Vea Dibujo De DiSeño De TruSS para información eSpecífica

REFUERZO DE MIEMBRO SECUNDARIO REqUERIDO www.sbcindustry.com

99 IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION

Quick Reference Guide to BCSI B-Series Summary Sheets BCSI-B1 Guide for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Trusses BCSI-B2 Truss Installation & Temporary Restraint/Bracing BCSI-B3 Permanent Restraint/Bracing of Chords & Web Members BCSI-B4 Construction Loading BCSI-B5 Truss Damage, Jobsite Modifications & Installation Errors BCSI-B6 Reserved for future use BCSI-B7 Guide For Handling, Installing and Bracing of 3x2 and 4x2 Parallel Chord Trusses BCSI-B8 Using Toe-Nailed Connections to Attach Trusses at Bearing Locations BCSI-B9 Multi-Ply Girders BCSI-B10 Post Frame Truss Installation, Restraint & Bracing BCSI-B11 Fall Protection & Trusses

Truss Plate Institute (TPI) 218 N Lee St Ste 312 • Alexandria, VA 22314 703-683-1010 • 866-501-4012 fax • tpinst.org

Structural Building Components Association Structural Building Components Association (SBCA) 6300 Enterprise Lane • Madison, WI 53719 608-274-4849 • 608-274-3329 fax • sbcindustry.com