Bulletin September 2015 School of GeoSciences

Two articles appeared in Nature Scientific Reports. Professor Charles Withers will serve A New Dinosaur Stephen as Geographer Royal for Scotland Brusatte described a new species of bird-like dinosaur. Royal Scottish Geographical Society Zhenyuanlong, which lived 125 and the Scottish Government million years ago in China. The announced that Professor Charles dinosaur looks deceptively like a Withers will serve as Geographer bird, but it was instead a drom- Royal for Scotland - a post that has aeosaurid, a very close cousin of been dormant for 118 years but Velociraptor. The discovery which will provide a national and attracted a wide range of media international ambassador for attention, including CNN, BBC, geography and the geosciences. BBC Newsround, Sky News, and STV. http://www.ed.ac.uk/ news/2015/150915-geographer/ Forecasting catastrophic failure Ian Main and Andrew Bell contributed to a controlled study of the effect of material heterogeneity on accuracy of failure forecasts for a suite of synthetic rocks of varying porosi- ty based on analysis of acoustic emissions. The results may have Health Policy in Scotland Jim Eadie, Edinburgh South MSP, significant implications for the operational forecasting of cata- lodged a motion to the Scottish Parliament to commend the strophic failure events in porous work on tobacco and alcohol outlet density of Niamh Shortt, media and in the Earth, including Jamie Pearce and colleagues at the Centre for Research on volcanic eruptions. Environment Society and Health (CRESH).

Aidan Keane Mark Rounsevell Noel Gourmelen NERC new investigator grant Appointed Co-Chair European Space Agency grant £839K, 3 year project Biodiversity & Ecosystem €250k, 18 month project Services Contact us Submit content

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It is with thanks to our colleagues that these pages are full of success stories and achievements Sandy Tudhope from across the School. The aim of this bulletin is to disseminate a wide "Dear Colleagues, selection of news which is typically circulated every As you will see, we have had another very successful few months. Let me start three months. by welcoming all our new students and staff; we very much look forward to having you as a part of our community. I will also take this opportunity to thank all those support and academic staff involved in giving such a warm welcome to our new and returning students; this is always an exceptionally busy time of year, so the extra mile you have gone is especially appreciated. Next, continuing on the theme of supporting our students, congratulations and thanks to all staff for contributing to the 92% Overall Satisfaction of our students in the 2015 National Student Survey. There are also some tremen- dous research successes reported in this Bulletin, and here I would like to highlight our impressive performance in securing £16.9M in grants in 98 awards during 2014/15.

Finally, it is a great pleasure to congratulate Charlie Withers on his appointment as Geographer Royal for Scotland; this is testament to the exceptional esteem in which Charlie is held within the academic community and beyond, and is a wonderful reflection of the standing of Geography in Edinburgh.

Best wishes,

Sandy"

Achievements

Recognition

Our Successes Innovation Recognition

Professor Charles Withers awarded the title of Geographer Royal for Scotland by HRH The Princess Royal

‘I am honoured ... but this honour is for geography. After a period in which the title of Geographer Royal for Scotland has lain in abeyance, the subject again has this recognition of its standing’. Professor Charles Withers School of GeoSciences

Professor Charles Withers, who holds the Ogilvie Chair of Geography, is appointed to the ancient post, which has been vacant for 118 years. The world-leading historical and cultural geographer was awarded the title by HRH The Princess Royal at a ceremony at the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in Perth.

The Geographer Royal is a national and international ambassador for geography, helping to promote the subject in research, education and in society. http://www.ed.ac.uk/news/2015/150915-geographer/

Eliza Calder was elected to the Executive Committee of the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earths Interior (IAVCEI)

The International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior Eliza Calder (IAVCEI) is the principal professional body dealing with research in volcanology and its related disciplines such as igneous geochemistry and volcano geophysics, as well as efforts to mitigate volcanic disasters. IAVCEI is one of the seven associations belonging to the broader IUGG-International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG). In July, at the IAVCEI General Assembly at IUGG in Prague, Eliza Calder, who was one of the successful nominees elected to the new Executive Committee. The Executive Committee consists of eight members elected by vote by the 1700 individual affiliates every four years when it holds its General Assembly. Recognition

Mark Rounsevell has been appointed Co-Chair of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES)

Mark Rounsevell has been appointed Co-Chair of the Intergovernmental Platform on Mark Rounsevell Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) regional assessment for Europe & Central Asia. As a new intergovernmental organisation, IPBES is seeking to do for biodiversity and ecosystems what the IPCC did for climate change by synthesising knowledge and communicating this to decision makers. The role of the Co-Chair is to coordinate the assessment process by leading a team of more than 100 lead authors spread across several report chapters. This culminates in the production of the Summary for Policy Makers that has to be defended (line-by-line) at the IPBES plenary in 2018. The plenary comprises representatives of the 124 IPBES member governments. The regional assessment process started in 2015 and will take 3 years to complete with several intermediate draft assessment reports being produced along the way. Further information about IPBES can be found on their website: http://www.ipbes.net

Professor Alastair Robertson receives Prestwich Medal Professor Kathy On 3 June 2015 Alastair Robertson Whaler has been received the Geological Society of elected as Vice- London Prestwich Medal. This President of IUGG, Medal is awarded every three the 'parent body' of years to persons ‘who shall have International done well for the advancement of Association of AlastairAlastair receives Robertson the Prestwich medal the science of geology’. Volcanology and Chemistry of the Kathy Whaler https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/ Earths Interior (IAVCEI)

‘Science International’– a global voice of policy for science

As President of the International Council for Science's Committee on Data for Science and Technology, Geoffrey Boulton will lead the first meeting (in December 2015) of the newly created "Science International" in creating an international concordat on "Open Data" and planning a major programme of capacity building in Africa on Big Data. Science International has been created to be the global voice of policy for science by a consortium of the International Council for Science (ICSU the parent body of IUGG), the Inter-Academy Partnership (IAP), The World Academy of Science (TWAS) and the International Social Science Council. Geoffrey Boulton Recognition

Barrydawsonite-(Y), Na1.5CaY0.5Si3O9H: a new pyroxenoid of the pectolite serandite group ‘The mineral name is for Professor John Barry Dawson (1932-©2013), an eminent British petrologist who made ground-breaking studies of silica undersaturated rocks of the Earth’s crust and mantle. He was particularly well-known for his discovery of the world’s only active carbonatite volcano, Oldoinyo Lengai (Tanzania). The mineral and name have © VMSG Barry Dawson Memorial been approved by the IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classifica- tion (IMA2014-042).’

Extract from: Mineralogical Magazine, June 2015, Vol. 79(3), pp. 671–686

Policy Recommendations

GeoSciences Participates in Major Analysis of Climate Engineering Options for the European Commission

The European Transdisciplinary Assessment of Climate Engineering (EuTRACE, EU FP7 funded) has completed a two year analysis of climate engineering options, risks, benefits, uncertainties and recommendations for policy and research. This is the first comprehensive analysis made available to specifically European legislators and regulators. The work was supported by the European Commission to provide guidance on future EU research funding on climate engineering and to guide European policy development. The work was led by IASS, Berlin, which is one of Europe’s premier climate study institutes. School of GeoSciences was one of the 14 partners from the UK, Germany and Norway, and our contribution was provided by Vivian Scott, Stuart Haszeldine and Simon Shackley. These contributions focused on climate policy and societal perspectives of technologies which are being used, or could be deployed for the decrease of present day carbon emissions rates, and diverse methods for re-capture and storage of previous carbon emissions. The 170 page report provides an up-to-date comprehensive analysis and critique of climate engineering options including characteristics of techniques to remove green- house gases from atmosphere and ocean, or to modify planetary albedo, e.g. increas- ing the reflectivity of the atmosphere and/or surface to incident solar radiation. Chapters are devoted to emerging social issues, international regulation and governance, research options and policy development. Case-studies of bioenergy with CO2 capture and storage, ocean iron fertilisation and strato- spheric aerosol injection are presented to help illuminate the key issues across science, engineering, social science, economics, law, research and climate policy.

The EuTRACE report presents five overarching principles for guiding the academic research community and policy makers: minimisation of harm and the principles of precaution, transparency, international cooperation and research as a public good. Several strategies are proposed in support of effective governance, including: early public engagement, independent assessment, adoption of research disclosure mechanisms, development internationally of a code of conduct for research and applying frameworks of responsible research & innovation and anticipatory governance. Full report http://www.eutrace.org Grant Success

Mass change of Mountain Glaciers from Space Noel Gourmelen is leading an 18-months, €250k, project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) aimed at quantifying the Earth’s glacier and ice caps mass balance; the project builds on algorithms pioneered at Edinburgh and applied to the CryoSat-2 space explorer mission. The new methodology enables the retrieval of glaciers’ surface elevation change with increased spatial resolution in challenging mountain environments where previous space missions have failed to do so. This follows two catalyst projects recently funded by ESA, the current consortium Glaciers at the Mobil Oil inlet, Antarctic Peninsula. involves industrial partners in Spain, Austria and the UK. Credit: N. Gourmelen

NERC New Investigator Grant awarded to Aidan Keane: Learning from observational data to improve protected area management

Aidan Keane (Chancellor's Fellow) has been awarded a NERC New Investigator Grant for £839k for the 3-year project "Learning from observational data to improve protected area management". Observational data is widely used to answer scientific questions, but making valid inferences from them is often complicated by the difficulty of separating the underlying patterns of interest from those created by the observation process. This project, a multidisciplinary collaboration with the Universities of Oxford and York and the Wildlife Conservation Society, will combine statistical and simulation-based modelling Aidan Keane approaches to develop new techniques for extracting useful information from observational data. As a case study, they will focus on uncovering patterns of illegal natural resource use in the patrol data collected by rangers working in a protected forest area in eastern Cambodia. Their work will contribute to improving the effectiveness of protected area management, a globally important form of land use which currently occupies 13% of the world's terrestrial surface area, and opens new avenues for learning from difficult, "messy" data sets.

Carnegie Research Incentive Grant awarded to Marisa Wilson (Chancellor’s Fellow)

Marisa Wilson received a Carnegie Research Incentive Grant in June 2015. Marisa is the PI and the Co-I is Dr Amy McLennan from the Unit for Biocultural Variation and Obesity, University of Oxford. The research project is entitled: New Directions in Obesity Research: The Social Lives of Commodities Approach. The research will consolidate comparative, qualitative research into nutrition transition by using the ‘social lives of commodities’ approach to understand dietary change on two islands. Islands of the Caribbean and the Pacific have some of the highest rates of obesity in the world, and Trinidad and Nauru have the highest rates within these regions. These islands have been chosen because of their disproportionately-high levels of obesity, for which dietary change is a primary factor, but also because they allow the researchers to collate qualitative data previously-collected in Marisa Wilson Trinidad and Nauru with a shared approach. The social lives approach traces an object’s value from its creation as a commodity (a thing with a price) to its consumption as an object with symbolic and/or use value. The project will use this approach to trace the value of three obesity-linked food products as they move from port-to-fork. This will reveal how different food values (price, moral status, etc.) combine to make such foods both widely available and culturally-desirable on each island. Grant Success

NERC URGENCY funding for volcano-hydrologic hazards associated with the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano, Chile Investigators Eliza Calder and Simon Mudd, along with Vern Manville and Jurgen Neuberg at University of Leeds and colleagues from Chile were awarded a £60K NERC Urgency Grant in July to study hazards from a recent volcanic eruption in the Chilean Andes. The eruption on 22-23rd April 2015 at Calbuco volcano generated a spectacular sub-plinian eruption column, and also produced pyroclastic density currents and mud flows (lahars). Lahars are one of the most lethal and destructive volcanic hazards due to their mobility, high energy and ability to impact areas Volcanic plume from Calbuco volcano, Chile far-removed from perceived zones of hazard. The NERC award will allow lahar source conditions to be characterised and support deployment of © pbs.org instrumentation to capture dynamic aspects of the flows as further inun- dation occurs. An advanced fieldtrip was undertaken in June before the NERC award was secured. Recently graduated Edinburgh MEarthSci student Rebecca Astbury travelled to Chile supported by a Geoscience Small Grant (see page 7) to work with collaborators in Chile documenting the fresh, ephemeral, deposits and in- stalling rain gauges and cameras.

Foreign and Commonwealth Office grant awarded to Geoffrey Boulton

Geoffrey Boulton has been awarded a grant of £32k from the Foreign and Commonwealth Office for joint -UK China working seminars to create software that will integrate geospatial data in web technologies.

Geoffrey Boulton Student News

3 Minute Thesis (3MT) PhD student Donald Slater was awarded the Runners-Up prize in the University final of the 3 Minute Thesis (3MT) competition in June 2015. Donald is in the 2nd year of a NERC-funded PhD studentship assessing the impact of the ocean on the behaviour of the Greenland Ice Sheet, supervised by Prof. Pete Nienow, Dr Dan Gold- Donald Slater berg and Dr Andrew Sole (University of Sheffield). Donald's winning presentation was entitled ‘The Greenland Ice Sheet: cold ice in a hot drink’. GeoSciences has a strong track record in this competition with our PhD students Rapid response to Calbuco eruption with GeoSciences Small Grant In June, Rebecca Astbury (2015 MEarthSci) got the opportunity to travel to Chile, to investigate the generation and effects of rain- triggered lahars following the April 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano. Her field-work was supported by a Geoscience Small Grant to Eliza Calder and Simon Mudd. During her visit, she had the opportunity to study and sample fresh deposits from the eruption, and remobilised material from both primary and secondary lahars. The fieldwork included sampling and logging deposits, and installing time lapse cameras at key locations on the rivers draining the volcano. Rebecca spent time with collaborators from the Servicio Nacional de Geología y Minería (SERNAGEOMIN), and was able to witness first-hand the effects of lahars on communities in Chile, whilst also gaining valuable skills in conducting rapid-response fieldwork.

Viva Success - Abbie Clare

Abbie Clare successfully passed her PhD viva this September. The thesis Mineralogical Society Student award is entitled 'The economic and envi- ronmental potential of biochar: A Student Moira Gray will receive two years free 'win-win' solution for China's membership of the Mineralogical Society and straw?' The research was jointly the benefits that go with it. supervised by GeoSciences and Abbie Clare SRUC.

Press Coverage

New Dinosaur ‘Zhenyuanlong’ report from Stephen Brusatte

In July 2015, Stephen described a new species of bird-like dinosaur. The new dinosaur, Zhenyuanlong, lived 125 million years ago in China. Although this dinosaur looks like a bird, the Zhenyuanlong it was a dromaeosaurid, a very close cousin of Velociraptor. The study Stephen Brusatte (with the Chinese dinosaur hunter Junchang Lü) is published in the open access journal Scientific Reports, and the paper is freely downloadable. The discovery attract- © University of Edinburgh, Stephen Brusatte ed a wide range of media attention. Stephen did television pieces for CNN, BBC, BBC Newsround, Sky News, and STV and radio interviews for several BBC programs, including Radio 4 PM, Radio 5 Live, Radio 5 Live HitList, World Service, and BBC Scotland (Good Morning Scotland), as well as others for CBC in Canada and CBS in the US. An array of press articles were written by journalists about the discovery that appeared in, Science, Live Science, the Guardian, the Telegraph, the Times, the Scotsman, the Washington Post, National Geographic, Discovery News, Newsweek, BBC Focus, CBS News, ABC News, Time, New Statesman, Buzz Feed, the Huffington Post, Esquire, the Daily Mail, the Express, the Mirror, the National, the Motherboard blog at Vice, the Christian Science Monitor, Fox News and Red Orbit. Wire stories were put out by AP, Reuters, and AFP. Scottish Carbon Capture & Storage

Enhancing North Sea oil recovery can store more CO2 much faster SCCS have concluded 2.5 years of work looking at the industrial-scale use for millions of tonnes of CO2 each year for Enhanced Oil Recovery out of existing North Sea fields. The project was funded by Scottish Govern- ment, Scottish Enterprise and several industries, and analysed linking the CO2 provided by CCS low-carbon electricity to development of Enhanced Oil Recovery in the North Sea. This will bring significant employment benefits to the wider UK economy, starts to move the North Sea offshore industries to a more sustainable business model, whilst accelerating carbon storage and providing the most cost-effective pathway towards UK decarbonisation targets.

Led by Stuart Haszeldine and Project Managed by Matthew Ball of GeoSciences, the project has pro- duced 17 technical reports and a summary report. The project culminated with 3 Summary Report launch events held in London, Brussels and Aberdeen on consecutive days in June. The London event attracted Angus MacNeil MP, the newly appointed Chair of the Energy and Climate Change Select Com- mittee, along with representatives from DECC, OGA, HMT, HMRC and policy think tanks. The Brussels event was sponsored by Ian Duncan MEP (a champion of CCS in Brussels) and was held inside the European Parliament to an audience of MEPs and EU policy specialists. The Aberdeen event attracted industry leaders, OGA senior technical managers, and government representatives.

http://www.sccs.org.uk/news/2015/06/16/co2-storage-and-enhanced-oil-recovery-in-the-north-sea

CO₂ pipelines don't need artificial odours added Stuart Gilfillan and Rachel Kilgallon carried out research published in International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control (supported by the Scottish Power Academic Alliance and the Scottish Energy Technology Partnership). They examined whether adding a scent to CO₂ – which has no natural smell – would be beneficial in helping to identify any leaks from pipelines transporting the gas. They recommended that an artificial smell is not needed in long-distance pipelines, as existing methods of monitoring and inspection pre-empt the need for odour as another safety measure. However, they say it may be helpful to add an artificial odour to CO₂ pipelines that are close to populations, to reassure the public that any leak would be identified easily. http://www.sccs.org.uk/news/2015/06/09/co2-pipelines-don-t-need-artificial-odours-added

First Chemistry in Energy Conference This involved three SCCS partner institutes in its planning and delivery, Heriot-Watt University, UoE and University of Aberdeen. CCS was just one part of the conference. SCCS Director, Prof Stuart Haszeldine, delivered a plenary talk on the day. http://www.sccs.org.uk/news/2015/08/06/chemistry-at-the- heart-of-the-energy-sector Highlights

2020 Group funding 2020 Group funding ECCI has secured £440k contract to support and help develop the 2020 Climate Group (business groups across ECCI has secured £440k contract to support and help develop the 2020 Climate Group (business groups Scotland working to help the Government deliver Scotland's climate targets) over the next 3 Years across Scotland working to help the Government deliver Scotland's climate targets) over the next 3 Years.

Two ClimateXChange (CXC) studies Two studies were published recently: use of citizen juries to help communities deal with contentious planning decisions and a study on the actual physical impacts of wind farms (which was picked up by the media)

http://www.climatexchange.org.uk/reducing-emissions/wind-farm-impacts-study1/

ECCI’s Scotland centre in Hong Kong 30 July 2015 was the Hong Kong launch by First Minister and Principal of the ECCI’s Scotland centre (SHKCCI) our centre which is aimed at building research and innovation partnerships on low carbon issues with Universities and civic society in Hong Kong and southern China. The SHKCCI - led by the University of Edinburgh - will act as a low carbon innovation hub for Scottish enterprises, research networks and knowledge exchange partnerships to engage and thrive in Hong Kong.

ECCI International - find out more about the work we do in Hong Kong, China, South America, USA and beyond: http://edinburghcentre.org/International.html

Low Carbon Innovation project final report Over the four years ECCI’s team actively engaged with over 1400 Scottish enterprises, providing intensive support to over 200, helping them develop over 200 new low carbon products and services. This in turn created £3million of turnover and 25 new jobs.

http://edinburghcentre.org/Low-Carbon-Business-Innovation.html Engagement activity

Green week 3-5 June - Ecosystem services, policy, politicians and online platforms

Green Week organised by the European Commission, is the biggest annual conference on European environment policy. This year's theme was nature and biodiversity. As an EU fund- ed project focused on ecosystem services OPERAs was invited to attend and talk to delegates about its aims to bridge the gap between science, policy and practice. Prof. Mark Rounsevell and Rachel Chisholm spent time talking to a range of delegates about the work OPERAs does, in particular its co-development of a new online platform OPPLA which aims to provide expert knowledge, case studies and guidance in natural capital and ecosystem services to a range of users Europe wide. The conference saw good representation from the Scottish ecosys- tem services community and OPERAS stand had a number of high profile visitors including Dr Aileen McLeod, Minister for Environment, Climate Change and Land Reform and Richard Lochhead, Cabinet Secretary for Envi- ronment, Food & Rural Affairs in the Scottish Government.

Horizon 2020 project FracRisk kick off meeting

At the beginning of July the School of Geoscience welcomed some 40 inter- national experts from several different countries within the EU, as well as partners from the USA and Israel to the kick of meeting of the Horizon 2020 project FracRisk in the Grant Institute. (FracRisk: Furthering the Knowledge Base For Reducing the Environmental Footprint of Shale Gas Development, Project Coordinator Dr. habil. C. McDermott). The kick off meeting focussed on an overview of FracRisk with an update of the current state of the shale gas industry in the UK within the context of Europe. Representatives of the other three EU Horizon 2020 projects looking at shale gas development also participated and presented their collaborative projects. The meeting continued to a two day work shop specific to FracRisk in the Crew Annex focussing on risk assessment, and developing an understanding of how standard risk assessment practices in a variety of industries can be combined with state of the art numerical geo-modelling and monitoring to contribute to the regulation and facilitation of this developing industry.

Map Generalisation Workshop for Ordnance Survey 22-24, June 2015

William Mackaness ran a three day workshop at the headquarters of Ordnance Survey in Southampton. The idea for this workshop was developed collaboratively and was in response to the rapidly changing environments in which geographical information is captured, man- aged and displayed. It is part of an overall plan to develop OS's opera- tional capability, and was specifically designed to give a cross business groups of trainee software engineers, product proto-typers and cartographic developers the time to explore wider issues, learn about what other organisations are doing and help them challenge their own thinking when solving problems in their day to day roles. The emphasis was very much on shared understanding, as well as providing details of the latest techniques and tools in data manipulation and automated mapping. Post workshop, Sally Cooper, Production Manager for OS, stressed the value of such academic links in helping them develop their strategic thinking, for example, in response to open data initiatives, and ideas of 'DIY mapping' in the context of citizen science. and how repeatableand how they werein futureclasses. infra then they went outside to measurethe temperature clearof and cloud covered usingsky ‘spaceblankets’ to seethe difference thethin blanketsmade their to body temperature, carbon dioxideand one with ‘normal’ levels of CO2. They wrapped themselvesin foil measuring temperaturedifferences in bottles, one containinga highconcentration of a series of practical handson activities for the pupils toparticipate in. These included explained greenhousegases and theirrole inthe enhanced greenhouse effect, followed by Ruth Doherty and Brian Cameron were responsible forclimate the change activity. They planting, sewing and weeding, bird food and recycling waste. (making smoothies), the carbon cycle, climate change, travel, art, bug hunt,potato included;bean planting, energy bicycle pupils)dayas the progressed. These activities (split into 2 sections juniorfor and senior pupilsThe moved around a rangeof activities raising awareness environmentalof issues. This waswhole a school event with the aim of WestLinton Primary School ECO Heroes Day Ideasfor next year welcome! cerned with excellentfeedback from students. the ment. The experience was very positive for all con- partiesested atthe Institute of Academic Develop- sented it to fellow students, academics and inter- tastic presentations on their projects and then pre- At the end of the week the studentsproduced fan- 'Which trees absorb the most carbon dioxide?' erupt?' and joined2 Emmanuel Bleito work on SaundersKate to investigate 'How do volcanoes studentssplit into project groups. 6 students joined atlook Edinburgh's volcano.In the afternoonthe and thenheaded to Holyrood park Tuesdayon to studentsThe started with a lecture plate on tectonics Mondayon from Linda Kirstein selectingEcological Earth & Sciences fortheir afternoon project sessions. the morning sessions with of8 thesestudents also students12 choseEcological Earth & Sciencesfor field excursions overthe 4 days. i activitiesof as tastersessions for Earth and Ecolog- year the School ofGeoScience organised arange whoUK would not normallygo to university. This courses for students from stateschools across the Schools mer arefree, subject hosted theat University. TheSutton Trust Sum- part intheSuttonTrust School Summer (6 theFor first time theSchool of GeoSciencestook Sutton Trust Summer School c a l

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Outreach Activities The EUClimMani actionCOST also supported schoolthe Palmer) and the ocean (RAGNARoCC; Andy PI: Watson, Uni Exeter). (GREENHOUSE; PI: Mat Williams), the atmosphere (GAUGE; PI: Paul jects aimed at quantifying GHG fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere and Feedback Programme, a NERC programme comprising three pro- The school was organised as part ofthe Greenhouse Gases Emissions uted tothe teaching. Leicester, and East Anglia, and University College London (UCL) contrib- (NOC), and the UniversitiesofYork, Edinburgh, Exeter, Manchester, Colleagues from Forest Research, the National Oceanography Centre sensing. of remote use the and context global a in N2O CH4 and role CO2, of the on lectures aswell as data, model ocean ments and measure- airborne analysing exercises computing by were complemented exercises outdoor These practical GHGprofiles. atmospheric for vehicle (UAV) aerial unmanned an try flying to chance a had (DIC),and carbon inorganic dissolved of the variation investigate to ofGeoScience boat, new School the with trips short on and Forth, of Firth the along harbours at watersamples took the students Edinburgh, in chambers.Back flux and techniques covariance eddy with measurements flux GHG to introduced got biomass,and stocks and carbon estimate to learned Students project. GREENHOUSE ofthe campaign field intensive site ofyear's a this land, Forest, Northumber- Harwood visited we days two For school. the focusof main a was techniques measurement different in experience practical Gaining students. 24 international for biosphere terrestrial the oceans and the atmosphere, the in gases greenhouse on school summer a organised footnote), (see colleagues many help from with Williams, Mat and Matthiesen Stephan International Summer School Globalon Greenhouse Gases, 16

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Outreach Activities DavidDowsett, SteveHamilton, SteveMcLeister, Allan Stevenson(Boroughmuir HS) Mat Williams, Paul Palmer,Kay Douglas, Sophie Flack, StephanMatthiesen, AndyCross, Brian Cameron. generated research, was trialed Benmore at Education Centre, inSeptember. mathematical skills. A moduleon practical field measurements and senior phase learner Further developmentsare planned, particularly to encourage pupils developto develop it tohigher a level in support advancedof higherprojects relatedon topics. nextThe phase of the programmeis to repeat the abovein secondaryschools and to assessment outcomes. had been expedient for attaining accompanying workat school, the event classThe teachers expressed that with achieved something this morning”. rewarding; feel“I thatI have really Learners found this challenging but experiencing university methodology. knowledgeand skills, but were data. Not only werelearners developing new supported in graphingthe andanalysing theof Followinglecture, the groups learners of were and mitigatethe effects of greenhouse gases. andresearch the being performed to understand outlininglocal the and global environmental issues in Edinburgh.Williams Mat delivered alecture Geography learners from Boroughmuir High School firstThe workshop was heldon 2 University. programme hasalso been designed tohelp thetransition between High School and events are designed to mirror a typicalfor day a first year university student and the practical, scientific and mathematical skills while handling live data.To this end the environmentalof issues related to greenhouse gases by encouraging them to develop learnersin the Senior Phase(ages 14 series publicof and school events are being carried out.school The eventsare targeted at As part theof impactplan for research2 programmes, GAUGEand GREENHOUSE, a Two research programmes enhance the learning experience of secondary school pupils http://www.greenhouse

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Outreach Activities