Silence in the Cloister: a study of the future of sisterhood in the american catholic church

G) by Adrienne Alexis Donath C ,_en Spring _2006 0) REL-399: Religion Senior Seminar < C Dr. Deborah Goodwin en ,_en C a. (1) ,_:::J ;a (1) "'C 0 Abstract: The number of religious sisters in America has declined en precipitously since the mid-1960s, to the point that the continued stability of many traditional orders and their ministries is now in question. The purpose of this paper is to identify the primary sociological and institutional reasons for the collapse of sisterhood in America, to track the current direction of the vocation, and to propose a plan for how religious communities might respond to the current membership crisis.

Contact information: the College, in degree Arts Adolphus of Gustavus church Bachelor at of the Donath sisterhood sisterhood of Cloister: Cloister: Paul of Goodwin Vaughn E. direction Alexis L. Department G. the May2006 the catholic requirements in Garrett Andy Religion the Deborah under future of the Adrienne of by the faculty fulfillment Silence of american american the to partial in study Submitted a

Gustavus Student Repository ii 1878 Cloister Cloister Mercy, the of in Sister Silence Silence hours McDermott, understand 11 closing you rules Xavier will your mercy. your of bed to bless --Mother up sis.ters death will live that to your perfect on joy lie and become earnestly you peace and strive until vocation you if ineffable your "never of the and grandeur the

Gustavus Student Repository . . iii In are Dr for this work. and the their my spirit with project Sr. College. that the my Martin Cloister Cloister on to admirable of University College this say of all the worth work individuals. with seven Elsen, Mary both on to indebted, in been to am I John's insights Sr. Adolphus am Religion has presence with other visits supported I able ways St. Adolphus grateful. Honora Silence Silence at my be thankful. institution and modesty astute have Sr. am to immensely of an several I visiting patience Gustavus and is most Gustavus of Minnesota. who appreciative at Library Gustavus persistence, life am days the their arranging time Forster, which I innumerable at display of how hospitality, fortunate those in in for and contributed three to their Mankato, also patient mere been religious warm in the Alcuin has Josepha Department contributions no spent librarians of Sr. is I she have that efficiency offered research, the understand For her it I resources, gratitude Dame stories, Goodwin, her encouragement, after my seen but my Religion they encouragement life of for work, reference Guerber, Notre Weisgram without the own scholar. have and semesters, excellent page, of the a hope I generously of its Deborah I scope thesis express continual aid as Buresh of two Elaine title and to Dr. the of my Sisters and fascinating Sr. life the Kolbet their Stephanie reasons career. of completed a Vaughn like deluge of Emma on hone Sr. thank Martin on Their course Sr. Joyce School to given assistance. been humor me early Andy would college education. development of the Sr. took Madigan, I an has Kathie Dr. appears beginning their wish from have thank convincing my my my I and as helped this, assistance. to to Over sense for to the not and project of sisterhood. family most name Carmen sisters well me with and of wish Paul Finally, lively From Sr. the My as I This My Koktan, insights would research grateful throughout her am research Department. for I Their contributions and Garrett provided their sisters, among preserving. Celine vocation delightful recognition thesis Tobias, Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

Gustavus Student Repository 9 4 4 1 iv 50 51 52 54 47 29 29 44 10 10 17 21 48 16 45 16 58 .. 45 33 36 11 .14 ...... Cloister Cloister ...... the ...... in ...... Silence Silence ...... Dame ...... , Notre ...... of ...... , ...... Church ...... Sisters ...... America ...... life . . . in . matter? ...... life .. School Catholic ...... orders the the ...... religious . history ...... in of of ...... 1965 in life ...... reversed? 1800-1950 ...... religious ...... be ...... since ...... religious ...... orders Service ...... orders decline ..... of America .... hold? ...... trend to members religious Vows . America, the .... in .. . women's of ...... in ...... Tobias . America of with religious future Life decline Community in religious current of monasticism Madigan Forster Elsen in women's the the Koktan Guerber life of the Kolbet Martin future of religious influencing ...... Profession Commitment Life ...... does can ...... does .... The Interviews Religious Honora Celine Joyce Elaine Women's Mary Josepha Carmen history 3: 2: Contents Contents 1: Sr. Sr. Sr. Sr. Sr. Sr. Sr. What How Why Religious Factors Women Governance A Features of Bibliography Appendix: Conclusion Chapter Chapter Introduction Chapter Table

Gustavus Student Repository a 1 ty. in The i or term a the thesis should the used more of several is to and so called Cloister Cloister however, "solemn Herald "religious has commun but the ensure This be simply community- or the to mid- life mutually active called applies may as a tireless, thesis, institution distinctions an interchangeably. require the Catholic interchangeably. a proposes "vocation" religious "women", are so of life. centuries, stable, a the this not vocation" question. mid-1960s, a group charitable order" of to of These and term order" what for do . been Silence in Silence religious in crisis enjoyed congregation" single the is Arlington adjective through The refer religious" member with Either other a and which have the the profess "religious members 1 have will the scope "religious laity. Since a vowed in "religious a America by and sisterhood vows. orders are "religious who ministries the of life in usually women a and "[women] married of is beyond who vocations of flourished as membership column simple 2 religious and many modified and while apostolate" and choosing religious. vocation religious life of such 2000 hospitals, church member women communities charitable vocations the noun a 24, outlined above: vows, vows" current a sisters", to for contemplatives perpetual " as century. Women vowed congregation", complex as calling, st Europe "women's women the generations is life of 21 schools, term religious existence of overlooks to and "simple female February religious "nuns", calling religious Church's distinction the vows to professes women". Church. specifically functions life" "religious in the and general taken Western the church profess solemn efforts terms only a categories to "religious" provided Catholic which is has America, a respond solemn for refers the and continued of Saunders's the women's "religious In which women's has church, religious live and who to can Catholic Catholic use applies "religious" specific the active) labor relevance community", life. the Encyclopedia.) will the turn, religious" William phrase vows years, of vocation" corresponds I cannot that other word "nun" s America Catholic woman and in that orders Fr. the Catholic a thousands the in one "[women's) in the with 1500 is existence terms (generally from of term simple thesis, Catholic point contemplative) "religious married source with that and "[women) the believe "religiou this to The found these or than their within the to viability phrases calling manner, of "sister" religious in terms be women term to a decline between cheap sisterhood, the way this of the that confused owe community vows, (generally more of reader may The a the in speaking, century, Likewise, relationship be between of and community". use is which "Nuns" on the purposes i thesis, For whereas not alternative in specific used continued also distinction the number this lead entry In will For profession distinguishes rather the informat (The sisterhood. "religious not 2 distinction institute" communities vows", their When I community. should 1 Technically ways examines plummeted- the twentieth institutions based massive, institution beneficial Introduction Introduction

Gustavus Student Repository 2 ty of life the in on a I of my them the most far­ life: identi is is Cloister Cloister outline It offer crisis matters, the the religious religious I themselves effects the some of about section, focusing experience and change in the religious religious to America historical orders the this discuss orders to Finally, in -1965 of In women's women's the that obedience. identity theories propose the I Silence Silence of membership then America, life life. 1800 I of and in women's women's such religious honor aspects attention of historic of current life thesis, from America. current years. in religious the the the religious 45 chastity, the facets of background background in untry of perspective decline that co particular important religious past orders the monasticism, the s some this reverse honoring 's the poverty, with pattern most in historical historical why from significant significant of - recommendations recommendations men the over about. Later women's religiou while assessment might the wo consider s be is both of to I cyclical these orders vows , of to vocations, life consider the storically but mission decline and to core hi future of sketches sketches Ebaugh' Second, the life, question and the religious the consider discussion communities of ip three religious I religious of reader thesis service, this theory the in form to whole. to the 1962-1965. this including a what what religious explore causes I of impact of as religious ask to I identify I identify the membersh decline from narrows to Wittberg's answers orders, how three, the as First, retaining church their two historic Council components chapter for few commitment for section, of by a the the diverge well first respond these chapter plan this to religious as life. for modifications Vatican first hood In Chapter In of The be reasons that that questions. also propose trajectory sister community, ways threefold three vocation. doomed and future and the discuss likely Second religious of would reaching in belief orders.

Gustavus Student Repository 3 in as the is the those I uncertain Cloister Cloister in to the examples examples poverty. than an in around the as founded founded women's women's Kolbet, interviews in of project, had in interviews faced it based response the sisters, crushing this (SSND) Joyce particularly has . are these Silence Silence than for from Sr life trajectory 2006). unpredictable as Dame from teaching teaching whom years notes May developments constructive well of of more condition, (1 50 research Notre experiencing my as religious historical 400 and of last my order crisis of that the critical the Information an SSND, some women in significant in Sisters included part time realistic of are the the a As of analyze also particular more doubt today, 3 first a to province. School needs with offer SSNDs this is the have to the the I , SSND The to changed on members province. and make without the and means Mankato life. is has research of combined Province no draw text, I life States, this period fact by SSND response regional the is for in semiretired Mankato life. this religious religious in the time members thesis, sisterhood or United in This for goal 1833 and religious of Dame are this the same in points My Minnesota in religious retired the Notre years, it. in Europe. of six women vocation women's Vocations phenomena phenomena orders 1200 and of Germany crisis numerous Mankato, Sisters But The Throughout Throughout 4,300 . at preceded appendix. various School 3 current religious that previous liberation over future America an used order's Director interviewed About Munich, of

Gustavus Student Repository 4 by the from 1500 in But, each men their worship Cloister Cloister even least Timothy for Orders , and the at 1 with ascetics in In for practice. 4 first church n 12. Religious weekly o women - at g h.e ti desert 1 n themselves communities, form the ter, - Silence Silence itself. of s s of ge - Tcachl Catholic A living Cloi penitential Conyrcgi.i in century, 800 within gathering 1 present church groups C secluding he and .li 1 its l O L and Decline 0F Pachomius' rders Vanishing status - second O ge less , small At,JOll In directives, A 7 Catholic or the 500 tasks, 11 century, 1 spiritua ), 3 as the the these special Ebaugh 99 of more 1 of Organizational brought third to - Orders in Age Menui.:iu11 early Life ress, common the P 200 having Source: 1 loister: As Mary individual of C 5 the communities. as sity History an er existed of i11111 according beginning .: of in sister Religious has Univ the Age Vanishing his of some Mu11u1h 6 religious to ginity the ---- kingdom." r identified pursuing Orders persecutions in and vi Rutgers : 500 the are History the hut, traced NJ the sharing of 1. sisterhood ascetics. 12. 1 of Women be the of Oc!ieJt structured - Age Religious Religious in sake swick, n widows can during Pachomius 200 desert , Cloister, Cloister, ru consecrated first separate the Ebaugh, B Eras NRSV a - s and proximity, 7 CE, 1: the roots later in -1 "for Monasticism institution Fuch (New its Women's Women's 5:3 325 solitary of close Vanishing Vanishing into practice and ose 1: In lived Figure virgins The as R in to States othy and m en l augh, augh, Ti b b History E E 1 He United 6 4 5 7 together living ascetic families, family began consecrated years, 5:3-17, A Chapter Chapter

Gustavus Student Repository 5 of is in e of was ont a M hours hermit what they rhythm way of Cloister Cloister became t a century, a dangers dangers o b spiritual and as western early the as wisdom indeed, and Ab desert in participated , during of in sixth a the his ict, monasticism (or, aroW1d d as the e of also physical physical of n years much Cassino of from monasteries Be Silence Silence spiritual and for 600 living community, Word themselves monasticism, day, Saint 9 organized the Monte of by Benedictine period, then , institution some at to each Benedictines was monastery financial, template this for rnonks. the loneliness loneliness was brand enedict a B immersing times the of and St. local who office". by of , of During monastery modern-day few a significant contribution life a dominant Rule Benedictine a a Benedict's Benedictines If of some a though, he Nursia to T "divine 10 prescribed was of something the of to and or fe of enter li on i bearers because eight freed to monasticism. established intellectual life 26. e at r direction became of the divina, followers. . corruption, Benedict The we were 16 introduct home, - , religious discipline active his St. o place 15 Iectio Benedict, at units, of to Benedict period an breeds St. spiritual come. Benedict, Mastr took of 1975), orders) ascetics CE, to much social St. de! keep of century, 13. model 13. Rule spiritual 1 the 1 of 529 Power to a classical which M.L. very The in instruction sixth to providing the bedtime-the Rule Cloister, Cloister, Doubleday, and n centuries both feel l number and to 8 as prayer the early literature. for guidance, guidance, York any resources. Benedictine began called Meise in self-contained spiritual encouraged the of would Vanishing Vanishing C. labor introductio The (New quickly, In , he morning l solitude. also no classical ascetic, spiritual spiritual or the communal Ebaugh, Ebaugh, Anthony Meise Cassi 11 10 9 powerful, 8 intellectual sometimes and manual monasticism were of of articulated she providing monastic and spread desert and

Gustavus Student Repository 6 e 4 l 1 . of the the of broke insight male to in for whole all Cloister Cloister the a Plague highly to who hired Most the as or out town, in unmarriageab under community response potential daughter daughter men. to of set contemplative the relevance in renounced or abbesses church The Black the for , communities. considered had jewelry, Silence Silence up town of son and ng life. i operated a only spirirual dispose and they were known of from to cloistered Catholic spring be challenging of abbots because to the having to . way existed ideal women needs religious surround by of was clothing of for the for corruption came began their wandering Perhaps As of material 13 afoot generally flaunted they avagant blessing blessing convenient convenient r lives orders counterparts legitimacy for as humanism a types Ursulines wives. ext alms. ravaged were even the orders their the male for auxiliaries, branches them and and spiritual spiritual wore begging religious and the very spent their changes the to unfaithful found of mendicants, and orders new men begging and mendicant women's challenging ignored, of and more The for so and coveted and had families families engagements, and religious ministries transience property 16. 15. 14. Jesuits relaxed, succumbing number century, importantly, renaissance , children, a the message families social the both however, were were 2 for CE, as 1 women, more Cloister, Cloister Cloister, communities classical period. decimated fifteenth for gospel attend communal dysfunctional dysfunctional rules 1200 such Even Wealthy Wealthy orders the orders, to illegitimate the prayed had the Vanishing Vanishing Vanishing and servants. and of By After exploitation, gh, orders who u cloister exempt. Ebaugh, Eba Ebaugh, 12 13 14 New contemplative counteract. 1347-1350 Mendicant mendicant nuns inappropriate preaching sexual personal personal the deteriorated, excesses convent, convent, daughters, not

Gustavus Student Repository 7 the and the return active "seen as of and vows Cloister Cloister the allowed Ursulines, traditional traditional modified many nuns of out new was and the and the their the , religious were this the in the again required end a of permanent rendered they that the century, women charitable charitable renew claustration once vocation full, Silence Silence By to caused many as including been and . provide possessions, was practicing active their to governments such required taking orders, nineteenth having and Vatican was of allowing retained retained required local church so easily, worldly particular, than the through through the or strictly the in some were practices orders orders, orders from Europe, God sisters was Congregations from and Rather thus, during in of it 17 Vatican other the controversy these cloister, These out and of the of the life." on. back traditional pressure Europe worship. by though died communities detachment goal so hierarchy, kingdom kingdom in however, hold and from day, against the and The under breaking 15 16 nearly not the masses, . the church r consecrated formed apostolic celibacy, The sick, meals, fo serve suppressed had the as necessity, could ministry the new were life during segregated By apostolate members could with for education. such . . prayer, quality relaxed. of authentic, 18 17. 18 of these active , , were Vatican for orders life, of of divina. the high convent caring were religious trouble the of deaths Cloister, Cloister Cloister new Enlightenment, night the lectio than charism sisters at the hing time, 600 communities communities some the however, benefits contemplative s religious silence the the less a century, by of by of of the Vanishing Vanishing Vani by to outside This , vows, education Some h cloister religious religious augh, b the work weigh Ebaugh, E Ebaug 7 6 5 1 1 solemn 1 claustration, something to to cloister. to inspired secular decimated irrelevant reverted communities eighteenth recitation discipline ministry-teaching, ministry-teaching, hallmarks that

Gustavus Student Repository 8 all of as for his Pope an ro a 67% feared P cloister, ideal Cloister Cloister history by yet lives. fully under the the the the mid- receive possible times?," resourceful, of summer "The in recognition recognition it to disciplines, invested was By the with them, than 18 the it onward and of professional that spiritual who made other Silence Silence and and and religious rather protection higher. canonical canonical country, or signs and achieve admired them; weekend the the and to observes propelled 19 in women Movement often radiction t trust received received leave nursing, institutions, been episcopacy offered difference for degree con to professional needed not who degree. of has women and finally male need they did McNamara secular their signs Formation men teaching, at of women the they but of in Kay bachelor's master's church tates: universities S a Sister mystery that the (1996):7. about and Ann ited them education 5 of of the 28% 3 best-educated allowing demands self-assured Un degrees Jo colleagues the e presence of Catholic vocal the th and the century level Dossier called of th the colleges their the obtain them the wary 20 ers of t by controlled cloister. to at among mythology Sis effort degree, the America was considerable that the between giving in the who particularly Catholic history, holic to were t in sisters the of major in Ca its haunted a only was education Vatican congregations. congregations. work. equal bachelor's tension Europe/North sisters "The an : that was the around allowed been] it their least 8. ssiers currency ward, admiration; supportive underdogs least a in d, at Do r and religious religious obtain [has at (1876-1958) creative which Throughout Though to Wood American Vita fully own working i XII ne e nuns r I Woodwa was 18 19 Mund their emotional of powerful certain 1960s, holding sisters encouragement Pius education courses while it credibility authentic authentic annually, annually,

Gustavus Student Repository 9 its of of sisters has for of Sr. Cloister Cloister the power them way late These of women Each of 1994. the University experience community, anything traditionally of issue and and in in one as society, life, had the been life increased greatly. February Harvard any sociologist influence world spot 21 obedience. that Silence Silence mission to the their vary the have its in and sore Times, American church later, seriously seriously a power in they change (Cambridge: not, decreasing says take Angeles characteristics: did that chastity, the discuss articulates throughout Los community. . communities become become equality Millennia. to, say will persuasive God, that would I substantive has Two led Drop," to clergy poverty, the as possible," rule gained that religious of would in religious even through distinguishing male in church communities very also honest equality equality such and Precipitous vows unique the life Nuns the women of a three Kolbet, of Ironically, but of of "It's 2006. religious as As 21 that religious Brink least Catholic April Joyce vocation [sisters], Though Though 3 on well roles. at power nature 20 of Sr. wish the as numbers Arms: Life Church. women profession church." accompanied, Nuns to in in lot author, overt of a shared notes who and by the current differences, most only Sisters shape in equality." more society Religious have ''that traditions, fundamental not their these "Number the the Catholic and families, service, women women interview in given the and loss larger to a history McNamara, like position Women's 6. the ordination, despite have Kolbet, Stammer, within of Wittberg, Kay in change Just B. Catholic Catholic But 1996), character Joyce Core powerless Ann 22 inferior Sr. Larry Jo 1 Press, 22 would 20 2 commitment throughout elements own life. The counterbalanced experienced religious women an Patricia but many understanding understanding women's

Gustavus Student Repository of 10 as in For to of the 25 of active of Dame them careers interested Cloister Cloister 1836-1920 worked dedicated demands members members Sisters for the celibates celibates is case the community Notre Life, constitution their the tradition." monastic experience of to (those in the different sisters to way religious enter we the School and of II, Their controls controls (in Sisters to spend American As the sisters them Silence Silence apostolate 24 and and fruitful space McNamara, McNamara, School a chose individual people. women women's Vatican burdens, the ministry of of to active of Culture virtue." writes suggests, Teaching exceptions, an which socializes socializes disciplined became for active prior of God's few in Catholic another's feature Directory name candidates with that and and" sisters". lives the one with relationship Shaped through General order SSND As the within woman-only within the community bear commitments, commitments, and Nuns in structure structure "house opportunities to in would, Each communities either 1999),10. 1960s, How its today, disting1,1ishing and or as family charism. its foundress, together action 26 rich the Press, and Living of Lives: to familial Constitution degree) self-absorption", self-absorption", service orders). 23 that and work the to God." Until (SSNDs) sisters" Sent: another A second became Spirited Carolina love , are and absence concern college toward within rewards, one a order. of In You Dame "lacked North its Smith live merciful God's of love Service: . community." "teaching convents "to contemplative 22 to to our commitment for Dame, as Notre trials, Martha mission church of ministries teaching "tendency obtaining (for of able its a larger 1986), of and their Notre of University a the efforts either Community: Community: is are life, of 100-101. of were 100-101. power The in Wisc., metaphor Sisters developed, prayer our range Coburn a Christian Christian particular or Sisters of Commitment Hill: capable K. Life Dame "In School common early and liberated some Carol School narrow McNamara, McNamara 5 (Milwaukee, (Chapel 2 26 congregation 23 24 in Notre a to orders) communities reconciling reads, becomes the generations institution the components the be

Gustavus Student Repository 30 11 7 the the she 2 all tor i away other inner­ have of active the of orders center Vis the SSNDs a of working serve for calling." poverty On Cloister Cloister sisters. though to of found things tucked and is Sunday the Many work Catholics and center religious souls. support support in house vow Our have proportion lives from continue the to religious skills, to the orders, own Ind.: life their broadly. small Silence Silence Stewart, tutoring became prayer women's number a gton, their plans wished C. n active possible in pharmacist, of basic very more a for spend in detachment a she staff needs who is (Hunti Historically, for George nuns highest feature support , significant learning to charism Nuns classes, Sisters a to ascetic's "the province member domestic domestic and meditation account help the but as counterparts obedience. order's and calling Sisters important and schools. according nuns need 2006. newest their chemistry and r Mankato contemplative i their but most 9 like who prayer 2 the apostolate March The American that community's community's 8 school 2 of 22 particular 5%), and simplicity secondary secondary chastity, a the administrators, from vows. ton; of women to high solitary than His interpreted and author, contemplative third, her have of y for b school less Sisters poverty, The spirituality. have or contemplative state Charity: example contemplatives, of assisting home of attending attending of the misinterpretation interview especially, Earth Vows: professing elementary elementary by "teach". s, SSNDs vows a of i of teachers Marvels Christ's to b (something of o perpetual the after novitiate kato.org> Contemplatives of order a n n T TI, common regarded America transitional in her a out the a parochial parochial which 424. the vocation Stewart, In God. Marti is - of at in C. interview. religious .ssndma Profession classroom of , It t exploration profession e 1994), Vatican b Mary pharmacist cloister youth, still eorge the a a the spending Kol G

Gustavus Student Repository 12 fill the in an and she desire can cited long best, Mary been are the Cloister Cloister Orders," as . Chicago religious he the average its for Sr. chastity has 229 but the 248, 32 at the deprivation, of nor immigrant virgin most voluntary in fancy "only of of Religious a 2003), II, [ 1994), the spirit; the incorruptible," poor vows that the vow that Press, Silence Silence and and Catholic to Press, justification justification the the noted that and the means a Tellers Vatican as into discipline consumerism. times, flexible, as a America, body from SUNY God equal of Martin's Mary, as woman in well in Since St. neither Bonwit N.Y.: Members (as from not served mobile, of of lost. has holy respect York: Virgin is "roughly prosperous prosperous has be one one come centuries (Albany, and aisles enticements unmarried (New th poverty what may poverty" more 20 the Recruitment of Blessed the makes things Orders manner poverty things in "The the of America a they than the and "It of all vow 219. of the th along in of credibility "gospel 19 that all the that vow writes, of Religious rather live so (1997): of Explaining the mindful Making hardship; hardship; March 2006. to the sisters 36 In happily the Charity be 23 Paul liberating. vows 31 delight Catholic and Lord, of to and speak gained, of gave Tradition: years, take conviction the is Religion author, to poor. with and Fall Nuns of members of wanders chastity, by Sisters lean orders and the their gloriously what of today poverty Return one the Study their of Rise for of be Catholic of affairs viewing of 9. served. The interview During can life Orderly the subject religious SSNDs household," Sisters: terms a Scientific Smith, store] they advised Elsen, Thoreau, undercompensation undercompensation the "An in of empathy The the member world. of and about Wittberg, 34 recognition 33 in Fialka, a On poverty Today, for a have J. Finke, "Like of Honora as . buy." Sr Coburn Patricia John Journal 34 Roger 33 31 32 [them]." anxious but to department says. vow Griffin, orders working-class obedience) populations acceptance temporal temporal exercise stretches stretches

Gustavus Student Repository 13 as by of all, 36 the to vow the who their . 35 Cloister Cloister obedience whom) father's present the to 43 given departed the afforded incline on their "the the with attention." as from in 1975), had loving and freely [around lovingly God husband." abbesses, gender is you even obedience SSNDs, exercise, your and emphasis her and Silence Silence of women seek that the unwanted local Doubleday, to precepts, of whom or worlds: early women the love vows please sacred, spiritual York: a them the a to from intensely effectively liberated liberated both took to as white master's of (New out has agents, how Directory advances Him more best to your speak enabling be her considered represents Mastro entails, carry l to religious to the to sexual world, de chastity General and and us return were of the had M.L. chill?-, ... male Benedict of celibacy" women may and vow my St. nineteenth-century nineteenth-century extension, motherhood, enables sisters most . of willingly you the According order, 79 affairs by individual, Meisel 37 and "the most from Rule C. the the Sent, to carefully, (and, solitude in are the Receive single "consecrated 38 Traditionally, them a of obedience You about of 39 sisterhood, sisterhood, Anthony God to lived order of loneliness. observes, 4:20). "Listen ded of of . l relationship of trans. Dame, people." words their labor shie anxious 10 the vow NRSV limited (Prov of courtesy given Coburn is Notre history the positively God's the voice feelings Benedict, of intimate 7:34, ... As monastics: Smith, by the disobedience." opening heart being today, of St. of of of of of special and superior effectively woman Sisters that interview. The than life being. your the Rule sloth SSNDs of encounter Corinthians the The Elsen, Coburn School 1 36 37 38 39 "represented 35 general the advice, ear in acceptance we experience rather them For chastity whole obligations married married Throughout Throughout

Gustavus Student Repository of 14 it are only by me were other was ensures Vatican Still, my and the difficult. they Cloister Cloister 1993 42 most of Institutes and in trust[s] most the every what the Fuchs time obedience in in justified justified Church, whether whether obedience as order, was the order] Rose celibacy but know to of of Religious Silence Silence to published vow community." each vow for "[The Catholic Helen obedience obedience of vows around this the of sense of bedtimes bedtimes by obedience within legislation, of America, found vow Roman recast sisters their good in God study remarked, the vow the A to the priests constitution from II, Church Congregation today 43 of . the orders and the study _ religious the have lives, with religious with that implementation orders as to most Vatican 1977 by brothers obedience auspices to live the not among sisters' that orders to found approves the 1970s, known of that but study Prior religious 40 of found the Ebaugh's job, CICL sisters under "apostolic In in 1 defection aspects religious Ukeritis, 4 study Vatican finding for The year of extensive for exist a the structure same calls. 128. 64. 62. this, an SSNDs, developed.") of 44 minute vows the Miriam (CICL). the orders that participant phone Cloister, reasons Cloister, Cloister, arm $40,000 are." general most were and three a for Life contrast, compliance an the and as the By main accept by of needs Vanishing Vanishing Vanishing of respect corroborated down or, to 231. Religious interview. the Nygren unnamed of surprising of ongoing An hold God, not Fialka, Elsen, Ebaugh, Ebaugh, Ebaugh, 2 1 the 43 44 40 4 4 Consecrated overseen Governance financial to Ebaugh II. one difficult to David is allowed regulation regulation rituals

Gustavus Student Repository 15 on Church Church Cloister Cloister based the with the and rule in from orders and Silence Silence distinct 400 ministries, ministries, a some another another under finances, finances, one basis own from recognizes its for Vatican day-to-day a the on independent independent are responsible responsible 6 4 is Today, 45 operates orders . States. order 5 each Each Cloister, and foundress. religious religious its the United of in Vanishing 326 specific specific institution. institution. vision an Fialka, Ebaugh, 45 46 the administration, administration, as branches sense,

Gustavus Student Repository 47 in 16 the but of of orders. by their 50 and Cloister Cloister of 6000 priest, western of and religious roles the Vatican, the lore 40,000 than opportunities in numbers every religious in their to the Union women The mothers, ministries. of in for best 49 more traditional Silence Silence the vowed their outlaws of unwed of 10. the exploded control uncounted between for Church. religious for and as operated one leadership local had 8, than the their best-educated peace 5, the and was well to members the women as financing shelters rather between number outside sister chapters making were owned tightly a three through among and career arrange colleges, in rose disabled, least to clung disputes sisters especially were orders, women at of the States. This both who becoming See have deals for been women's settling sisters 90,000 professional stories Sisters. may religious 50 United a women War, some influence, centuries, schools the 300 business with and th Fialka's in clerics America America American 20 notes, choose 1800-1965 Civil historically in over 1920, in filled tough to the lived Male is by early found have 48 in hospitals, Life academies, life be tremendous Colburn and America, 2. nuns and a 500 woman there in th may 40 childbearing. elderly. 19 representing had negotiating Carol soldiers private Smith, 621-622. Religious Religious the as religious the century, and 1818, where and and schools, 2: 1. have In examples Religious for In American the sisters, and of an Fialka, These McNamara, Coburn 49 47 48 50 time, marriage frontier, for American Confederate women America, orphanages, homes Catholic These end Women Chapter Chapter

Gustavus Student Repository Silence in the Cloister 17

orders were "some of the first female CEOs, administering institutions, personnel, and financial

resources throughout the country ."51

Religious Life in America since 1965

The population of sisters in America grew steadily through the 20th century, reaching an

all-time high of 179,954 sisters in 1965.52 The very next year, though, the supply of new sisters

stopped abruptly, "as if someone had turned off a tap," and there has never again been a

sufficient number of new sisters to replace those lost to death or attrition.53 To this day,

G) sociologists and historians are puzzled by the dropoff. Though many reasons have been C en,.... Q,) proposed for the decline in religious orders, no one has been able to adequately explain why the < C en supply of new nuns stopped so suddenly or why it occurred precisely when it did. CJ),.... C Figure 2: Number of Women in Catholic Religious Orders in the U.S. by Year 0. CD 179.'>SJ :J,.... l~.5H ;o CD /15~.5,il "'O 0 /4,.llO en,.... 0 '<

~ 5386

IOJ.~ 19.SO 19~S 1960 196$ 1970 l97S 1980 198S 1990

Source: Ebaugh, Vanishing Cloister, 47. At the same time, religious orders were experiencing skyrocketing rates of attrition. For

decades, very small numbers of women had chosen to leave their orders at any point, either

; i Coburn and Smith, 3 52 Fialka, 15. 53 Fialka, 15. 54 18 in per 1998, had Over how the 4,337. In release to nuns with of already aging returned the Cloister Cloister of over 42%. significant sisters their States an in figure 2006. the by the of of high ." regard 45% rapidly. parishioners in that more soon United nuns consistent consistent requesting requesting vocation number 15% with the of some shrunk though, aging by Statistics number even the in all-time very their Silence Silence by or age Catholic figure an also a however, how 1995, Church is Church hospitals, situation grew overall America it Already, vows, life, many By becomes leaving median in 56 years, the as reached their Catholic Catholic the suggests of trend difficult the rate sisters America it time, a of times orders religious religious members. twenty shrinking, schools. of in 23% in temporary temporary that its left Requested of three striking next Portrait age of available, by because attrition A down 2006) religious the nurts are religious over numbers the that of period USA: death May population shut elementary a already the (1 "Frequently working Over well to the 1970, troubling of their noting women after and This in statistics is by American American number now of of Catholicism Catholic forced fact and the are 381 such decades. sisters Apostolate, leave done, worth 134. 42% 69,000. total to is the were This 57 Gautier, it 1992, there 1950, and 58 been 2000), decimated the L. which placed tenfold, In population below 68. be previous and that 55 1965. for had sisters that has Mary Books, the than so in Research in will (though is vows. 1962 from year and opportunity opportunity third). nuns Orbis reached dropped a were more universities, damage of only the Catholic levels period, Applied NY: considers by by recent Froehle 48 48 had the and for 17. States attrition Not T. there Between population one given time permanent permanent of as most 1980, pre-1960 Bryan Fialka, Ebaugh, Ebaugh, Center (Maryknoll, 58 population the 57 54 55 56 small United same nun colleges America when this period, decreased to increased rates By from when

Gustavus Student Repository 19 to II, 68, the drop, fact and the retire a of person's SSND," in of we that of her in a the not the the the that of is age generosity makes Cloister Cloister for made poor half do until of Vatican for years only context the has the of We the about particular whole mission first work us originated the not in SSNDs, for life. to the of needed many in over the ministries For wake member provide as which in statistics community in Each used care to encounter . meant phenomenon the a Silence Silence nuns altruistic justice support religious or did concerns others. "RE: term In are to of to a spend when to this work the age U.S. is we future they choice to which of we fact 'retire' Buresh, that the as realities in income than half actually do situation. situation. called responsibility between connotation Emma "[e]ach lived saying attentiveness life "Retirement income-generating change commitment commitment who with may tom in not commitment our and from Compounding enough is fferent may to i ° notes, 6 jeopardizes are their nun financial financial pressing mail a d later Now, - This bo~h following: e lifelong prayer, themselves 59 working, the has of an applied a the s a non-religious generate in alone. income much as revived sence, and e found when no age with wrote population. pr Woodward must on or vocation i Quoted community's community's place our second-career congregations "retirement" community. spends convent a the expression 2006). SSND, sisters Irene by nuns retired little life, first the their limit." she the As religious April comparisons haul, inappropriate communities communities as dependent cases, the age though many with in is religious (23 Bertrand, an in not long since up affects working and is growing many some the entering professional a that have of result, e-mail mission, members. revenue to result, In for a caught her a or ministry not world, retirement Catherine note no also now later, a as be members do ministry ministry life own to As just or serve Retirement 1 62 are 19. personal legal 19. of 10. 6 but number Sister total to and not century. easily their their and little way life. discuss 2006, and sister to and can of a important choice of our others." women generativity will is we April I Woodward, Woodward, It Woodward, shrinking 9 62 commitment 23 and but religious identity corporate circumstances. from 61 60 5 and community. attracted send needs partial that twentieth themselves, a brought their oppressed, as

Gustavus Student Repository a 20 the the the care, in Sisters only the herbs System or lower- the grown are Cloister Cloister $3.2 in have fill support a missions missions health wild declined, years, Once, to the to goods ensure that Health in unusual, on selling in % few orders for Mercies Benedictine side will a selling 31 foreign very involved Mercy the in ranch, workers The Midwest. on just operates Silence Silence Louis of on membership which In lay on. the religious longer St. services" 64 and llama taken so no cartridges, a education, education, their Sisters The hiring in employed employed as across and Vatican are ink have businesses are hospitals. "spiritual the operate they 6% individuals the printer hospitals. circumstances, small services, hospitals in employed employed convents after gradually, trading through Dakota the hospitals, their 30,000 are by of membership. The even in design some remaining remaining recycling of sustained North 65 individual - employed religious; twenty-four The employs America America by crisis and website of retained, in employed always increased, arrangement" system. is the remain be system to administrators enterprises nuns Richardton, ministry. ministry. care have entirely have network still the in ministries providing sisters a "trustlike 60 will members-historically, health a orders respond became philosophy staffed their working working runs diocesan diocesan profitable Today, to expenses up 136. of only on or their their as sisters were schnapps, Monastery of of but of 37% ways Gautier, 637. Missouri parish . drawing positions. Heart Lately, sister-nurses management needs in and 66 presumably of 305 302. Contemplative hospitals Depending budget, Today, various handful 63 Louis, homemade 26% Sacred St. Fialka, McNamara, Fialka, Froehle 65 66 and though 63 64 of material money. administration process Mercies' small level staff seasoned billion order's in found and work.

Gustavus Student Repository a 21 the 1890- the fact, to April with prior in (1 and so Stephanie (often Cloister Cloister within and vocation Marriage, eerily com> women . young, wife the time, sit what both "preferred as First and in wives twentieth at lie contemplative contemplative accommodate this children uncommon; a to who late roles married Age during American was offices, Silence Silence convents the of have during decline they their control, American of seams Median . the same lives parish the destiny home birth U.S individuals for or at the 1960s), the "Llamas "Llamas trends around particularly this the that and later, early reliable 230. http://www.sacredheartmonastery from felt Furthermore, reasons "Almanac: 2006). < bursting of century, 69 the preschool outside spinning. spinning. organized a years The to 2005), May sociological 2006, (1 50 married, of wool were abse~ce why. Commerce. Deviation (1947 likely, virtually Viking, Americans March working on : of Only 'imrnoral'." 10 the of cluster women or York were In 67 more mid-twentieth from 1950s" of history) 68 classes or the (New thereafter. the wider themselves percent 1950s Department religious. a Monastery, 80 website. in Until the 'neurotic', majority History offering offering States marriage. Heart of shortly asking A discouraged throughout fully and women two sisters, decade of and first are 'sick', decline of or United that Factors: Sacred at the of long Marriage: women Channel, one convents followed wool, community's community's 20.3 generally of Census, found institution "the of overwhelming Sisters the their Coontz, the an History everywhere were community An of age or calls single [were] housing as Sociological Catholic says study influencing children) The indeed, Stephanie Bureau Benedictine 1957 9 8 7 2003," 2006). 6 6 6 remain mothers a many median mother. Coontz (and, century. church directors vacant, growing Factors animals spirit,"

Gustavus Student Repository . 22 of to a to in has a and a a in world ever women. from the been As Cloister Cloister Council world women the life stability, increase the pursue a whole, for have meaningful etc.) to the in as women outside Catholic fellowship Vatican secular is around membership . financial religious the relationships unions, difficult difficult reliable, to Silence Silence church however, wanted young in it worked case, net" orders seeking Second II, and the for future churches guaranteed who the made in fewer either War personal or of reforms same-sex care, women "safety their once women In felt religious within for of for even their in be wake World alternative marry, in order and medical the still to important economic reforms committed options in since adversity. concern decline of fragmentation fragmentation can not numbers an jobs, . liberty of most as the religious less acceptable This a large careers. series deal for more forming America occurred wished reforms single them life. full-time full-time opportunities, in vast professional great have a socially the attract attractive Joining who reason of single, these held gives adult born of and less men hierarchy professional life longer faced a This range motion women Perhaps entire and country. educational people women no the remaining into become church this sociological are their sustain attractive career, few or married set Most in aftershocks poverty. the factors: has to women reasons, an II for 70 the major life orders however, deep was from both background these . marriage 8 later, liberation, liberation, Vatican lifetime. all traditional and prosperity from professional second a 1970s, order momentum of Institutional religious A ward, For religious for continuously continuously years the emerged od so the women's women's Wo 1962-1965. forty 10 have and sheltered work working-class outside economic (postponing result, increased, Since religious sustained find to home

Gustavus Student Repository of 23 to An the of needs of this people more Cloister Cloister the the desperately complexities the Vocations: remind and encourage the apparent "depth by of of foundresses, to to historical in most religious Appropriate the flattening flattening 406-408 and present-day a slightly, stable personally, Religious was and their the own became in as those so the 1990), by It Silence Silence its on affirm institution more point to sisters Crisis to ever with an encouraged The key and address as was in many acknowledgement acknowledgement to Doubleday, become accessible more accessible articulated summarized summarized II," Document contact disturbing. congregations, as 11 for an as softening, of second be world, Caritatis had York: so lay identity Council !I's and and (by out Vatican liturgy can deeply 81. (New II these orders, the secular Since Caritatis' Perfectae and to fallen Vatican Vatican 1989), ministries Church's realigned the fortress Church Life Church), their make be to had Vatican First, the of Press, the to communities, of Second Perfectae of Catholic inspiring ministers Caritatis, 73 Religious might faiths, charitable the orders the Paulist as in spirit of theological mission efforts of the threefold. emphasize role their by the York: other For many lifeblood Perfectae to as History was hierarchy. Changes of profoundly ministries 11 historic their (New the insights and terms, that of toward as the the years, Concise Life, both unassailable their 72 church A Profound impact Felknor effectively. be laity" laity (represented (represented over the study help. how to possible possible the major "The Church the religious the of to Laurie more of 10. of Religious official of the 1 their 7 ed. previously communities just of Bokenkotter, of of proved One Bergant, The landscape landscape consider its women broadest broadest not View, to need the world the Woodward, Diane Thomas Inside n 73 religious 71 God, spirituality in institutionalized process many communities and of doctrines). position within Renewal affirmation church In

Gustavus Student Repository 24 of the were the since In symbol touch of a illustrate sister's series they in Cloister Cloister 76 and a long as sisters the the the this, standardized of modifications more had in of fact, consecrated respect women. members members examples use in soul-searching as that peasants these instituted all order orders: of the America, became of Silence Silence of in (and, wearer style the status married a from dress the following to period trend medieval religious talents of a bring church of The in to sisters' communities and especially acknowledgement most centuries general life. garb early an manner everything by and for time , appropriate engage revised the The marked As guaranteeing this 75 the of be cases simple individual also monastic order adopted century that the time, of manner week. preserved Christ". honor", some migh~ a so virgins habit each of of in per in Over rule The 77 changes that laity, wearing 8 twentieth its used 7 structure costume dress the "brides "badge the affecting a as how self-examination, self-examination, and began masses. went. Consecrated of By with outward of on napkins mandated the she religious rules, of traditional 4 known Dress: .7 that with religious their of process themselves so Council something to reflecting significant world this utilized. utilized. number anywhere anachronism. the veil , collaboratively collaboratively be women the sometimes order, to 11. relaxing the 28. most a become to reforms r 22. purpose, quaint the more 2. identification ages, work 2. Modification each Through were might Finally its had of to the modern toward augh, b their Fialka, E McNama Woodward, Finke, 76 75 77 78 deference 74 habit within of become middle today) encouraged some was telephone sweeping with about church them

Gustavus Student Repository If 25 the to in of 80 may like of the in Celine rule been model. were." at the both visually Celine or a series in we Cloister Cloister their role habits today, a Sr. general are less a have from permitted 79 ceremony women days" the who as and of in Island) race women Cistercians. superior apart were know reviewing would "visit through simplifying II, veiling religious our entirely. traditional youth the set to Sanz, that Silence Silence (Rhode Upon order as would went her that and habit skirts, in appearance 83 the Vatican 81 women such occasional and things elaborate the to to Claudina nobody orders physically both Maryland. on Church an Providence do Sr. rule, made of with others. lifetime. the graceful dress, Prior order, life, and shortening only to of habits. the dress over their Sisters away religious candidates Baltimore, by in them of of color, silence: places witnessing compounds ?I- religious new of order Oblate of in manner city see our religious go pre-conciliar doing responsible traditional 99% II, a twice of to 2006 moved The 40-41. feel that . traditional inner chose their their lived could we of some only impact with the practice by dress March been keep Fialka, in II, Vatican who month, and women. women. 22 semblance choose the to eventually habit to orders a their see had home habit-adding visual to of in nuns girls each other go she author, the religious her prior Vatican ministries and decided their to modify without that for black as of communities to with to the relaxation ceremony, religious was with sometimes woman few of 22. families it a SSND Oblates woman, that around chose are cloister inspired and veiling the active the that of their women that a interview Cloister, II, identified appeal In that of to so orders commented veil, "There noted young and the reforms 82 walking astoundingly, black inappropriate inappropriate a the is modifications the of She being or as to recalled Guerber, Vatican letter God, and, Vanishing SSNDs of SSND, world. religious of explains: Relaxation 2. During person description that 278. and one all the a Elaine idea of wake inke, Ebaugh, Sr. Not F For black the 82 a 83 Fialka, congregation 79 81 80 convent, Oblates, write outside contemplative with habit, noted contribute the distinctive. progressive Koktan, eliminating dangerous dangerous women

Gustavus Student Repository 26 of to is to they the duties avert when some Martin Cloister Cloister "to was chose silence II, which religious religious quietness obedience, they silence of again to the this assigned of Mary the in Most that vocational SSND, atmosphere atmosphere tended job. 84 Vatican vow women who names an the Sister interviewed and practice keeping keeping of own also of I new misses Usually, the Silence Silence it of a the placements birth of group." their abbess, ensure name. out, sisters, and to SSNDs custom an for their including taking spirit II, practice choose social of birth the reforms the the sometimes to points the young community. of the of meant using any a when In she as their orders, was Vatican it was part to was sisters direction with that of began As Style: Several irritate many responsibility the superior difficult McNamara II, all. a silence one. permit convent convent as SSND at of centuries, reverting whic}:l of reforms to greater admitted under of profession the silence and, the Vatican Leadership female and in exists one of many in a it consent their rhythm placed option if For After of assumed preconciliar preconciliar peers the a The the complaining, (though broadly, practice in her 85 . point sisters of day. the Names: and obtain necessarily life claustration Collaborative contemplation, more the direction. a women of the traditionally this, not 80% at still of communities, Birth and of her found of available give to they were aspect to name gossiping most missions part they parts discontinuation under abandoned perhaps prayer to in 112 As its became new to saint-and that their orders a interview. though a that Introduction Reversion decided certain Another Another sisters of limited called. choice convent). impulses given the Martin, McNamara 85 choices, felt ll4 to interpret religious the recalled orders the name be welcomed remarked communities the very conducive during

Gustavus Student Repository 27 of cut life II the of but spell wanted being to At changes self- ignored", Cloister Cloister of 87 the their they Vatican the hands, blow religious "breath fate. into a grandmothers. in ex-nuns break been operating operating been feeling II council's laity, "largely of where to servants. from communal and had the the of church's present Silence Silence were brought brought longer II Vatican the and studies unintended, with women life orders their religious at no tendency order-the mothers of a process to of called new was Vatican though their the had religious Ebaugh's the of corps life religious exodus orders air religious than Martin a rising-not when serious, in up Fuchs disillusionment mass many fresh a 88 between a of Mary were religious directives for religious give welcomed welcomed the Rose and rise.) dealt occurred to recognizable case the that II Sister to a But, way, life, 86 Helen . more membership distinction doomed that highly where exodus old. realize of much themselves themselves membership whole. the Vatican had 1975. to author felt a so the and of continued to religious as that not sisters benefits says, Portugal, costs essentially sisters 1965 blurring the was orders millennium probably she church generation and By a respected, it interview with American about part, the concludes that of over intangible to Spain imbalance of individual religious Instead, highly Tobias, from opportunity in indeed, the Finke this exodus in and led years" of the the most . elite, and Martin communities. that women lasting 328 328. Roger an For procedures vocation. time, air", many cost-benefit of Mary "golden be. the Fialka, Sr. Fialka, 87 88 8li (Interestingly, membership This same part because religious back to examination revealed to the ensued, under fresh communities communities

Gustavus Student Repository 28 the of Cloister Cloister more province the The in Even province province 50. 2006). of work. Silence Silence age April Minnesota Minnesota (23 the full-time full-time e-mail under from Mankato, Mankato, are 9 personal the of retired only 2006, are April while 23 these members members 90, of of SSND," 105 age the professed professed and the about are over Dame, are statistics women Notre "RE: 364 of members Buresh, novice.s9 22 Today, Sisters one Emma 89 has telling, School

Gustavus Student Repository 90 it 29 the by was laity why the even the that the women) less settled America. of Cloister Cloister paid large. Schuster, and or in & at the as the church, who performed them visible of charity in of consider more nuns the Simon music, through either to behind-the-scenes society themselves, for sisters entire of many 80% few consecration York: the for Silence Silence like so the provided of than occasionally function, II, (New are matters religious, is actual to parishes addressed because they ministers would it most matters by I the (more this it there able America is Vatican and being why in Within to that because why even been nineteenth-century weakened now ministers, priests levels: Church part has Prior priests, exclusively volunteers are matter. has for in by matters) demographics, lay life it hierarchy, Catholic of life themselves, audacious Church different doesn't Eucharistic religious it of the performed Roman volunteers. Today, The church exclusively religious the performed whether matter? that frontiersmen problem of religious religious once the level, for is cantors, women was the sisters. the of number even of Crisis communities a orders part-time of by religious. work need reserved parish The as on mass the from (and radar lectors, answer the women's women's the or social services. still of the done as of the the of respect Adrift: religious back at women asked ministries role of was level, the Catholic be mass So, parish step People it matters much sense, below future integrity a only A the the the can larger without decline parish of external why the in over of (Far earned a The The take some the of the 4: for At In To Steinfels, in 332, west taken question does unordained.) Peter 2003), wild 90 government-sponsored adequately, traditional the Eucharist., production participate homilists. work employees have matters question This Chapter Chapter Why

Gustavus Student Repository 30 in her English these or the arenas be from in of of Cloister Cloister friends their Paul, the of will to the new role alone world's St. nonexistent. to study through Within communities in dishonor in schoolhouses, schoolhouses, the strength the live to order providing the mercy challenges finding 2006, her matter. the Silence Silence center not) in sense, services with them "drew religious in communities). a at April commitment essentially crowded crowded America of a In does 21 commitment political for addressing these in others simply these were sisters forcing fill. learning small, and for to or religious made a is of to really assistance cared nuns in than Province, lifetime justice, ministries or life fiscal have crisis her most longer, sisters the today's either Hospitals demand receive vocation social face of as home Mankato a no for proactive of to established orders now, can vows community at 2006) were religious (or that greater quality. Dame. of the but she areas have May more yet discern place be membership (1 parents that to continue Notre not religious vanguard these Orphans Orphans the been order, may of predecessors took is decline dubious in the example, conceivable likely convents", of the expect The have level, Sisters is is in because void source. for it eastSide.htm> women immigrant can a _ religious one lives. a of Education Education forward governments School there orders she though, other (and government If more she than deeply, exists SSNDs, together sometimes 91 joins push as any turn, Center," sense, to The children was more in services, longer sister long neglected. neglected. at matters wherever a valuable, bonding as or and been case no it language. through through where Learning and social organizations Some religious another for has and ministry. more needs When In there Side either second in relatives relatives their a "East http://www.ssndmankato.org/pg "family" praying < 91 obligations. community, members, community, charitable providing become Minnesota as for deepest resources. religious and unavailable unavailable Today, and

Gustavus Student Repository 31 no of the and exist of of defeat, to mail, be they - may with of e Cloister Cloister fund" stipends can sisters, said on that i the segment deal innate be number calls, alone more from in to individual relationships, the fellow can estate live "pension admiss religious nor (previously, buildings aside administrative growing real from family Silence Silence so now This final telephone telephone seemingly seemingly of some and the equipped a between some care Vatican on Security be are their community basis. and land to the in With on through through sacrificed amount strain bono Social work community nursing orders viable seem can imbalance independent, who a pro for in draw assets neither a few to support. they that on financial would their significant living received and items, qualify a women of best of forced increasing to great as sisters wage-earning assets now, financial own , services sisters the these sake able "most been do organizationally these their the placed budgetary their enough ailing been and have , earlier, for for full-time has collapsed are community community America, in observes, have in specific has liquidate nuns care. fiscally provided their there communities to but old provision are The sisters engage other mentioned generations friendships 92 the often now, to religious health as any and McNamara whole, of though orders a Religious as three. earlier semiretired preserving preserving most . Right as made external doctors or In or costs enough salaries case, supporting not.93 needed, and two blogs. have for 303. 303. orders Religious any be Furthermore, of young retired ineligible) than Catholic in even young most Fialka, Fialka, 93 and 92 longer reorganization, dioceses were allotted the skyrocketing local communities. aging, often sisters marriage, in and resourcefulness, resourcefulness, groups

Gustavus Student Repository 32 the an the $351 of they Joyce But effects have those this Sr. some Cloister Cloister involved, current the either to generate unless years. so the the example estimation, avoid bishops can in s that as today," domestic to decent collected collected rare, in a problems society, long able or which Fialka' all and reality Silence Silence communities as have prosperous conflicts American American congregations, with of acceptance" been the John and world them the more in deal for from American spirit looming concern ministries have to well. a give or important, on and to resolving their 1980s, the as to tragic an at and is religious, religious, want age the SSNDs developing take are to church joy bad impact been during orders though, significant the of the so the orders a Since retired the in is 94 would orders be working major people clearly it a from to of Kolbet, enough, for witness work planning has world a support support had religious outside what to either of been says, religious Joyce sisters of "The generation." continue those Sr. not she financial altruistic that help woes effort more "embody vocations for short will has says dying historically contact. good they steer deeply this far, to the financial billion observes to tendency, have into financial religious that a $7 continue. due resources Even only more Thus fundraising fundraising of is perceptible the have 95 and major come Kolbet are some than trends major may There 1988. human they 636 96 decline a support support decision, still " Joyce obtain ministry. of communities to rather to decline 17 247 "is Sr. The since Underlying whom community, those able their McNamara, Fialka, Fialka, 4 95 96 commented. 9 true with of but demographic allocation charitable wrenching income, are communities million retirement. Church undertaken undertaken expected expected

Gustavus Student Repository 33 is to the the ng i in for in in be of (and ways done spouses sisters life of life and that Cloister Cloister large work be of intimate intimate no 97 to "burnout'', sense on the have can the working of in work have pinching reports way In religious - tiresome tiresome are jobs a taken rate could strong advantage the of emulate. women, and to out they Silence Silence Fialka the penny grow have these high nuns' a orders forcibly. forcibly. job, well demise have a who figure often "the do the with quickly committed and Furthermore, religious, their solution solution doing religious jobs commitment. They commitment. Louis, a of communities. sisters, would however, and St. and by in solutions solutions together their similarly merely nothing pronounced absence of of hours held is Sisters, imposing imposing not productivity. everyone these demanding 8 table 9 the System attention by to of long in are once In there the group Ebaugh prayers a the at which forces. their they both that Health the work. on "sit employees. Fuchs worked by positions work conducive within lay claims example aggressively, aggressively, Mercy fill must Rose social often purpose: by claims exist of or to an of and self-sacrifice, community, community, and modern manner o have well t Helen sisters a supported lives to them, Sisters sense in external are on hold? 1993, e the religious religious social employees teaching, inevitable, . in tur a and religious instead, perfectly differences," pass larger u like f a ignoring ignoring of willingness to but paid their and to organized the God, by distracting of all the is [their] interview 301. Writing nursing, of Women does as performed from difficult children; Kolbet, Fialka, America 97 98 What are communities numbers mission, service connected convent or are) free such through ineffective, environment environment passively, passively,

Gustavus Student Repository to 34 100 in a a third rules simply other since a process 1970s. as the to the Sociology School Cloister Cloister top daily is and because any in according and the orders. Sister with the is of also High identity, "The have than in experiencing 1960s experience gracefully' but subside America America you says necessary." standardized standardized growth countercultural the Agnes in die a will is Carmelite Silence Silence historic and member communities already 'Do of for St. to to' its that disillusioned control, of precipitous are Cecilia, and to "is life area grow feel demise St. habit?', vocation turmoil religious a of traditional "more orders orders' conservative, the who conclude conclude writes, Charity for orders faithful be graduates religious religious the to of wear potential very to their Sisters in of her the action you women only Ebaugh recent institutional find Sister of organizational religious to a eventually trend 'Do remaining dedine the leads the outside contemplative withfn who of that By and are several Dominican that course orders," current can. the amidst attractive factors but process phase that Wittberg, sometimes best women the sisters) to for vocations theorizes they traditional, the This that modern pendulum, part future, of current best Patricia young that reported in no as director Sr. the recruitment compares compares increasingly decline. perhaps exploring due has prospective cultural exists University, among their Koktan finds are challenge hand, the ground organizations in [from vocation Ebaugh of become correct, She • the 99 lax is Indiana other countries get Celine their evidence it. will at Revolution," Sr. the Marie, cycle. we modern particularly organizational organizational life 171. 326. stop direction to Some On became "Perhaps for or holding Wittberg French Paul, Minnesota, Fialka, Sr. Ebaugh, 250-year 100 questions Catherine 99 rebound, attractive. St. current religious resurgence. If wait, orders a the department world. witness model industrialized avoid

Gustavus Student Repository 35 107 the to the many and by in the and the that doesn't in Latin orders, Cloister Cloister apostolate apostolate trying." as hope, wholly local find up the and hair entirely developing greishog, in orders such worldwide, of in out gave meditation attracts embracing undying "Gray Africa SSNDs, 2 of of ritual 10 Silence Silence orders the contemplative contemplative Contemplative carried religious whom people missions Catholics, 104 if of Irish the areas come. for and giving themselves themselves giving frequently often me to old of creatures that religious is . world. enthusiastically the demographics. 06 growth Mercy are 1 2006 years new 2006. bother of are choice third in h longstanding of contemporary mission predicts predicts background the March impoverished the to Marc unborn. sobering the 22 religious discusses would Sisters have , 22 . women of it of the burgeoning from the sister-missionaries sister-missionaries collapses collapses hundreds Minn Buddhist for the severely face concern Minn., "but orders other the in women McNamara McNamara envisaged work of is in come of life Chittister 01 of the ato, of 1 k the to 111 in also Mankato, including SSND, never apostolate apostolate Man Joan today though, r, women time, right charism occurring and even ho worldwide to presence rosary? "had in author, Elsen, considering aut Ashes, active the orders, community also by the some by a and or both large and is who the vocations situation, these in nterview. familiar, i worth as active the optimistic pray in Honora terview new are of interview order, around their n Sr. i of women Growth Fire you prayer trend Kolbet, grow . advocacy attractive Many the generosity 105 remain to 636 said The 637 103 Many and 'Do Elsen, and a Guerber, join r The where tradition develop interview. 305, 31.2 deeply to Whatever me," numbers Another book et, sisters b world. Honora Elaine sisters. are . continue continue her which Sr Kol Fialka, McNama Fialka, Sr. McNamara, 06 104 105 107 1 102 103 bother 101 many In opportunity." environmental of meditation America, monastic too, largest local women third countries. will devotions?', devotions?',

Gustavus Student Repository if 36 an as the to but 09 are some for easily bleak as a just comes, a 111 period at Chittister Chittister be of Cloister Cloister in on world likely night, day. were . can out warm the life the one," clothing resources less chance carry exchange of in as cold morning new fire a but to in and and was sisters the just ong, l extraordinary prospects new when of tries Silence Silence a fire inheritance past stability an important important lit others, the a perhaps . shelter, no freedom that , that the 36 become mission, work for and and because 5), so and rit, food i kindle during one's 199 have than centuries , life, sp built also pious, extremely extremely of of out will experienced its be for an dowry When but bit Ward important evening evening some community most a is & women no A sister bum have the for must up a the eed of remain to more draw. order, of Sh life. preserve with : fire for O the give process the that to end M greater century likely to to new fulfillingwork even is is the way "The City, coals powerful slows thousands her religious at 08 community, a and 1 But of a the whole for and ansas difficult some ash a to twentieth K ( been God. so bound adversity time the find to out, with morning. not Ashes in The distress, reversed? go hundreds vows circumstances, is middle-aged spinster can meaningful always metaphor the of be a it coals These professed closer of her in in has precious coals for before. time good trend best, America Fire freedom. Once a grow the warm e coals at centuries, changing in is takes to Th sisterhood promise "if world because of and by the . the er, of burned current t current the that 37 covers tis t community only spite desire the the has come from Women Over Greishog adventure. Chi outside one in because to not can that an hittister, vocation o prosperity the exercise C J has, 09 1 108 of grand quit, in genuine education, hard religious How through the one it an notes, kindled which

Gustavus Student Repository 37 in the they not for to and once and that her the Joyce herself but the were Cloister Cloister bed, any Her of of and swing professional of because sense the older, financial and Sister vows novice 0 in and joining things, loosely right. of 11 1980s, a . many they in of records were not; marriage salaries and the profession profession up was cards that pendulum the Silence Silence in world benefit them, religious the of her the give world. recruits number so possessions, once to loves-or loves-or noting six-figure Cecilia, impressive fringe before seen first secular dispersed, not, Any plays pursue St. she 1980s, outside the little or the the even of have she career: can worldly the of in "have if had arrayed her By chaste She America? woman) woman) observation, in Sisters Sisters reasons, practice says, found peers was history, women this possible geographically be substantial, she twice her these 111 School woman. woman. of most someday someday spiritual and possessions. small, a opportunities all echoed Dominican cannot personal for behind husband, lives." recruits, probably novices contemporary she young are the the was For the is that maybe of in and becoming it of leave their of factor says, material SSNDs, in in offer (and Today's of today's and today. despite the Families father she to chasing women mistress for are whether man for because and as interest for Highfield terms missing motivating behind. 1960s, the worth in an they is obeyed a as left the poverty served something director , Angela community. missing In marry tentative" sister in deems opportunity opportunity of is they longer express has accomplishment and materialism," not; no Mary she sacrifice life lived 2000s. particularly "something interview of with 314. is who a "more vocation What Sr. 1960s, stability that early great the Fialka, Kolbet, ° 11 111 one, feel professional women religious Kolbet, extreme seemed potentialities the convent, in security so probably grandmother's adventure choice-or choice-or abounds abounds

Gustavus Student Repository 38 life with The has in the numbers vocation other and of these come Cloister Cloister it network lifelong teaching, religious the the together. graduating their of that after" prayed association by in close art or sufficient kinship divorce, after members have school religious issues in around the increasingly increasingly community Their still bureaucracy, bureaucracy, Silence Silence offered of soon reimagine before are life and are by is maintain retired lifelong years. taught women to ending no order boarding depth one's might there period the which later a the Even eighty organizational Employees Employees for suffocation suffocation while and years, virtually interviewed marriages or I and structure characteristics, part". joined of nearly to that community's we communities community extraordinary had is eighty for learned strength 50% When of do the (and separation. separation. "embraced the financial, this of be these by result With SSNDs on death replacement, replacement, to depth religious of together assume The countercultural all attended "till degree and older to moved lived permutations, casual For communities. tide. the last even women's was capitalize employers. interpersonal, of the I experience have second to will stability deep. had an idealistic attractively various or their which religious Most as well in The also to Dame, various in against some words, in first most outsourcing, outsourcing, do today. but is, the marriage to the form. and loyal way foolishly a Notre other swim their together. together that long, of in , would to any with less of sisterhood that is subject of of seems school, beyond are community. lived one Americans only shared A second life Except is Sisters sisters, for high not they think wrestled model to is to communities together, orders and shared been oldest from women exists School turn, assumption) friendships sometimes disposable, disposable, connected connected

Gustavus Student Repository 39 113 be life that . to young be must their not intensive done possibility and Corps. in Cloister Cloister bring 2006) not religious be give associates' intensive they may the Every the life; can to April that strong may Peace in available geared it women (28 2004. should young years), who the people meant shorter-term in and as abandon religious full-time. (1-2 40s, from Silence Silence in vows January I propose of commitment, commitment, Young such 14 and members, of should opportunities reflected extraordinarily program, 30s program Corps. aspects be vocations Instead, an religious religious interested stable short-term recruitment, model late the a other of a of on programs Peace to have could many " be in press.view&news_id=898> , . their keenly various organizations. associates' to many create communities nature Rise in they are to the so to media . are community. intention their commit expect interest be up dependent of young to they differences unless so women with religious Continue able but cannot rising specific permanent permanent would religious religious giving bonds these that are tions the encapsulates the recruit any a members and by to cfm?shell=resources who means . that interest that ministry, probably women lifelong relationship Applic well•resourced communities if however, say this without index spirit, effort - young / order into and their to on Online women gov . life, an evidenced own smaller mean, not long-term experience as accept its vocation. focused is people contrary to Traffic, communities to a not with acecorps seriously extensive the joining has e younger the This religious Web the vocation. to an 643 capitalizing does them fact, for young , 112 of take On to commit of order In short.term www.p to / Corps for religious / to a : experiences, This Because undertake create with. way

Gustavus Student Repository 40 life for such hope early status, this or religious is poverty, Cloister Cloister time, of in great while their programs, religious from avenue of when combination combination the of (marital hope associates' that in same even is accommodate) some this energy values Lay years engaged the it international international ministries expressed associates' the community At Silence Silence financially order. appropriate think a the high. issues, cannot lay I adults have include an younger for as practice, practice, circumstances each with formative but anything, of are order reflected by urgent remain us the young orders would labor remaining the known that of for source most personal self-discovery. and keep a are taught affiliation Many of benefits programs to which ethos 115 membership, world source contemplative contemplative interpreted its programs programs with whose an have what world's on at-will the realms children, and needs church but the and being have all associates' material members. the and life, loose, century costs significant permanent a for the tackle a its that emphasis emphasis communities on for to already of currently challenging and way spouses both both community, notes psychological religious take are twentieth importantly, importantly, be into eager full-fledged in in with ground the religious or when degrees they will life Kolbet Most of 38. attractive as themselves communities living interest on. home an probably individuals becoming dependents, Joyce provide an so varying Cloister, trends recruiting job, be service, than attractive are a for Sr. programs from of 4 the from and 11 have religious obedience far If would also who larger would regular Vanishing through through remain interested interview. them and a who and Most This them service, elements life. associates' only Ebaugh, Kolbet, which the program ° 11 can 114 misguided. that orders prevent responsibilities women independent. in holding adult something individuals a brings chastity, urban of programs programs

Gustavus Student Repository a 41 or to that 116 fact, but with their to notes in able 117 and age an become the of not are Cloister Cloister or change people in so much changes, whether ensure out), are eighteen. community vocation vocation (declared the 35-50 will to priests a of children, cannot in have who this the number career points teachers age described serious stable than programs who annulled that a indissoluble, committed relationship, are raised the from women would Silence Silence sufficient give Joyce of or and been new with divorce, those considering considering a which Sr. couples, laity since unlikely has increasing to for as divorced associates' should the also An or addiction members or due in is do, numbers formation that in permanent marriage it undertake marriage out of engaged seriously seriously are the to but relationship abuse circumstances, for their sisters women. communities by life, vows if transition, unfortunate attract process seeking already communities freedom committing, committing, experience is limited only a older of membership lifelong experienced It the a are to of life religious marriage affected never counselors rather in had has before prospective women actively in who lives, religious with periods will undergo fully those life who are in longer Appendix). only benefits (and to that their those no they divorced gender-segregated themselves (see insightful in and Joyce explains, women given for women is this, participate Women Sr. religious religious accept believe and Kolbet to more of costs marriage point I market ministers themselves value these celibate, a community may communities out" able the or person. into Joyce in require. seek, . this, theology, they much the that find not Sr designation ministry. such "try orders because in both be are they lived without without At entered another This how with religious Catholic and children, to But, has not family either women with In what have religious provided void). few for to to or accompany stability are low, who interview. communities annulment interview just soon. but potentially To who for like an upheavals. be my members. Kolbet, Currently, 6 community 117 individual retroactively ll obtain anytime from intent group, caregivers Currently, sisters would contribute middle-aged may other consideration religious relatively full programs programs would

Gustavus Student Repository so 42 be a across their of During laying become have the intact, in of would Cloister Cloister difficult have locations, spots have and the soon. of bases, variety ways. their particular "might in that a so largely forty some a chance "We decision presence of their do on left a religious orders When liberal to the number make of Mercy, better Silence Silence the support from a to them of been have and to to charism more out continues, region. specifically, has in have Though able Sisters deploy 118 benefit possibly manageable more spread the and a resources, the ministries and would particular are." communities charisms particular networks (and into a the we cannot mutual of Gottemoeller orders their people for and financial over who sisters they dispersed, re~igious well-staffed all communities see breadth congregation, and members that visible." or to religious the her were be thousand potential potential their interpreted religious, place human community, that crucial for religious we'd chance country those great one a be have the geographically their declined, the and networks in notes women take any 1960s, have will problematic, have has by consolidate to in it orders over being evident. visible could as allocate all live that don't each presence be women to 1940s be served we a logistics If now besides strong, these the Gottemoeller think sisters could the how I older people of have membership would scattered they'd of was And ... involved. involved. location and they As sisters Doris that people. from about if years 305. Sr. any would Finally, few in so country networks diffuse Fialka, boom 118 order) congregation that survival so thousand wrenching the community. become more ministries. out but membership th decisions individuals individuals vocations vocations

Gustavus Student Repository 43 to taken house Cloister Cloister for have SSNDs the in The provincial improve improve province, relocations to its Silence Silence each in States physical consolidation. consolidation. centralize no of to United vocation of choose direction direction eastern Currently, the may director the a in area. in steps entire 119 province having the provinces provinces taken than sisters. for their the one combined of Rather already for . be the have now several future, will efficiency resources orders the in there interview. better combined combined Some but bet, Kol 9 u provide place, administrative example, recently recently

Gustavus Student Repository a 44 of there have of is IL.are Fries high, discern soon Cloister Cloister vocation life means there wave the the who stability, how Vatican Andree no in big that to for few Sr. by and religious vocation. "last are way of life. will life, Silence Silence return the remains The we there surrounding that fact benefits cyclical religious religious the a the religious when says to the century. in of th But optimism even 20 and D.C. predecessors, crisis the the vocation costs the experience ministry in their of the amid the attractive retirement. will like of path active life Washington, its both are enter the in torch in urgency convents in keep the they the inherently sisters to office religious filled is place thrown once carry these that to who remains If their remember 120 left Retiremen likely women to resources take challenges one women to retire." these no highly to one the vocation of it existing Religious young unusual no important its last that is find 248 be the I It virtually the to be beginning National "bank" Fialka, ° 12 calling. to despite ensuring likely sisters-the heard will the just Conclusion Conclusion

Gustavus Student Repository 45 one the had or and Sister on at to as recalls who her family sister, choice. thrown 1942 the a Notre offer, away, not Counsel extremely Cloister Cloister because application Sister of her not also teenager, ideas own "but come man," this option join a queen was the seventh a them was her She to her aunt Good August and wonderful in for As in conducted were the "It become inaccuracies of at Sisters in with not to who her Martin, made regretted forcibly." was lives. they nun. were her any words sending given sometimes a love Silence Silence vows she [her] grateful with she aunt, school of School Mary friends." their in why more never homecoming was interviews an in Sisters reluctant and Sr. the final our sisters' would fall high most has living When of She reminded her instead with are the seven becoming says "pleaded named you coming was she active wonders School conversation, of Martin this ignore, But live friends House she was to that made from girls] the attended the she was to parents. continue teachers. when and her capture idea" Mary of to "started as and [the She her that says attractive, to employer God notes like While back, went the and strong Martin error. outsiders. She made her my that than chose sister Provincial tried she "It's too she to Sisters "these a memory of with own friends, student Mary tell and but tuition. the vocation and Looking was have home. that year. and my Mim1esota. at child, friends I close good-naturedly, School wealthy "toyed the their Sister version could become school died, off-limits profession. her school, college notes in 2006 the to calling sisters. older less senior Wing, of she many 3, of high her Though made an my were the her sister high her right." Martin another but a considered Red recognizing and leaving on As years of as calling pay expanded that be in it's April some and that one of with former neighbor, 60 to life Mary an a the during atmosphere them, that Notes based and quarters had is born adolescent, said" Sr. spring by out" deaths. should Minnesota. noticing an teasing social 23, supportive, parents year, she decided Tobias thought the was offering know as loving sisters' in sisters celebrated her druggist "hang possible and school, The a active the adopted just parents' following Interview Interview sisters " welcomed junior where the as March . even the Even Martin Martin and Mankato, now for an be high kind, the her The her grade, year. 22, SSNDs remembers ultimately in to "You were since has sisters by had valued Mary Mary the they anything out, convent the teachers. and seeing Sister before to convent", said. Sister but worked senior she she point Academy, During loving, eighth Sr. Dame Sr. misrepresentations misrepresentations accurately March Appendix: Appendix:

Gustavus Student Repository a of 46 too has far, be in have like 22 They for to after receive who being director and and women out) just Thus a rather either Mankato twinges Perhaps Cloister Cloister by domestic glorious glorious vocational tend college t order, Mankato count, accustomed l a order mentioned 50. Martin. been the jobs with fe for to would the preferences the with group interested women were the the last points the of they retirement in order. age to She names, go for up of dating. had what of the being developing sister's surprises, At of Mary to sister the ... to of environment, she now; Sister joined express birth with and became working under together made apply each mothers some needs formed Silence Silence to the each idea sometimes Sister members she attended retired. she are terms chosen joined director the pleasant their order no where than sisterhood. 9 their she sound, in pharmacist! be are to as says sisters who about a decides the they to the when ministry, her children, knowledge have back supports were August, only "had career, as experience experience more and for now, join place, and fiscally sister because opportunity take them. Today, she women - Also, her woman, and sister" when Gerhardinger was order might telling prison as response some Every air" to in different", broader the for the 90, 400 in awareness is the working this she says, chaplain themselves of them women Jesus had well of placements neglect had names. care fresh "house different be Later to of younger Center, as sisters 1833 a that that made, brings age to of under few a broadened immigrants cases, Sister cleaning. values one have in is as will for placement, these very birth range as but the to of says benign hospital a years. Just or no consider of how Very and a most in Theresa offer breath that order, assigned their (morally 1970s Leaming over as 130 options In presence Hmong "a from an sense novices since Sister greater many know Germany her mother, the are a charge teacher perhaps perhaps Mary take a raised name e noted a cooking these for was in c Sometimes, in these, Their minister. not elsewhere. come when accept. II as Theresa as worked again, and people. practices to tutoring "whole current Of She did joining being having and year. welcome, Munich, and the sister will Blessed and provin chose to become or today teacher over such in religious their in either many ways was a and available to the less Vatican she today. were include Gradually, life so the them and Ghana, she forties. public, province. new was to province's one thinks, able sisters work investment that elderly, poverty. her responsibility. from by community, community, were formed for upcoming Mankato SSND to the see age, and be." became the she freedom the situations the when live children of to the the community, civic they being the of Kenya, which to Martin sound ministries were called to placement. of mother" Mankato chose of in older for that the more not crushing and becoming provide option would envelope thirties One them sisters, an her of joining at it commented times, in abusive Mary to were being of SSND the member at sisters' SSND vocation their much white she the province members from poor province's missions noticing lived The other choice. about of a assigned any needs than that everyone 80% politics, in Sister "spiritual to helped Women regret the join world ministering Sister Nevertheless, Nevertheless, before If

Gustavus Student Repository a to 47 be to that in this. so at and who in freer able of a when her the has several never past, would value and Young be to lifestyle point about Cloister Cloister noticing of wanted sisters than her. to to Counsel decided she she schools needs life. difficult. the were before she for marriages, not separately. upset in occurred Carmen had commitment commitment the certain Carmen decades "ups" Good very be a that there Sr. people learned between in jobs, for structured to this hard is various birthplace scholarship, whether accustomed remembers religious summer the at more accept she and Silence Silence had reach Carmen her, was are (the would made to decide also worshiped it challenging to The highly about marriages. way 1985 been For to although so vowed including was property, providing providing to the and that transferred father her even school, today her difficult, teenager, that children not have women, life, back. others. still seemed Germany 1940 her led and siblings' high found her In for was given professionalism, than recalls Minnesota. concerned division consider rather schools, people noted choice. personal young that By Carmen for while from she to looked a the no has of She younger her was her also as American Lake, everyone and things II. sisters. at Sister quarters, younger poverty young . of presence them sister, never admiration Sisters. was of teacher SSND, father SSNDs her for sister for more admired concerned order, house ministries ministries living and closed, experience taught This the novitiate. especially Vatican the God's vow Madison supported young and aspects miss the School of however silence renunciation was go, the a in the be Speech was life. their he to who the of to after having difficult difficult of with the to in the difficult As became Carmen's today, in so leave is to and or many but is by order, charitable charitable life parents it branch rule particularly to in it group school School parts Carmen sisters who having its vows stay the her so practice her sisters this that She things, the to that involves Dakotas. taught decision, English weak of time, sisters Saints those that and of The segregated unhappy, new is opportunity an the the American losing accustomed the was leaving to. close-knit All maintain maintain as and which significant especially the a teacher. school, believes believes was that temporary lives, At material decided were the many and young to a she also after in of and and she had relaxation be adjust for most first high their are over if conclusion thinks that to to Madigan either worked Iowa, order attended Martin in sisters teachers SSND. that the poverty, of where , in announced her The considered Commitment as talents of an know, the sisters the family, leave they today year she , said sisters. said noted to Mary to the made aspect her wanted vow Carmen difficult Carmen Carmen Carmen lifestyle. Sr. which worked order) opportunities see seriously she Sister bit welcomed When Minnesota able Sr. become Academy, musical that she senior Sr. come Sr. "downs". relationships the ailing any Sister Sister people allowed allowed Sister

Gustavus Student Repository 48 also the have only a of old at the In as in way. e a every choice in as the in has of a the were decided high idea Cloister Cloister of any hom was thought thought for might years especially, on remembers she their taking year in are year had silence. go 18 the closely they from described a she education she they of year pray together to only and better in has difficulties during history each for ked was to community Carmen Carmen ultimately this college, when than she women Elaine any the lived them vocation wor she much generally, area the separate of school, vows she Silence Silence a practice allowed religious that so Sister her Academy, the these and years community, class with Sister of SSND vows, During area year off-and-on when continues took . high in was , have 30 strict through and joined says the the now, the and an a visit one options, their and and in last 1935 to for this, Counsel sister calling regretted of work director time, convents nal Sister in more a women schools joined the years, women women "novices". and her to 20 nvent in and and this grades background 2-3 observed Good local had never attended co and hopeful, th order worked much felt order, out SSND. vocatio at in -8 order, meaning th and some the has lJ.) plans became up the immune to immune month, 4 they the the She every During the in the convent convent other lived women she religious not remains lives to spread give through, each consultant, boarder the with time, is lesson joined young, sister formation the rule, a Vatican that doing. they joining living teaching of members life were this prayer". As a was new leave general consider and family school and Once women after of after were thought Elaine to to cloistered new develop years she one and application community and sisters Sr. Sisterhood Sisterhood nun, their process to During the is school. well "year a an notes, to sisters. sisters the likely called handle, a teacher, The community's the age, many date assignments, as changed When be high as sister very year. year, there studies the to. the family. her did Sister life letter to other structured, more how could these Furthermore, study, making music spent (This career. first from been she young. the of work me one Now, But, On very second biblical been her the they sisters to happy has days. After novitiate) SSND. was studying in as as year the extended extended from for good write experienced Guerber lifetime! older. lived have though of principal, the very visit other individuals (the she to the Guerber order an the first well a and area, province. province. to her teaching. graduating points of and as end woman. as the courses the in explained year Elaine classrooms. they're committing they're many when with just women women the Elaine apply . join At the third order, separate their twice day student After occasional "candidates" permitted boarders young many Sister to Like admiring and school, various served Sr Sister wonderful, committed to what Mankato Mankato significantly that support support been

Gustavus Student Repository 49 a up as and that - to God 8 afraid that many sister for that to ace, thought way a actively l an vows. grow have seem so order so were p was Cloister Cloister as Sister life been three on it vows self­ thought the interest, not unhappy same they Minnesota, abrupt very the Elaine life have the community, Coast for right her order, friend" temporary have did this than in went the children their spirituality the the opportunities mentioned the it of that the Elaine East in were permanent Sister become ventures, to in covers under may seemed in now profession. profession. giving set because women the were when so of Silence Silence Sister many renew fully deeper for Sister final, have left on first were Domestically, community to strict decided encourage before. "gentleman world, said, counseling, counseling, "and idea but candidate, or however, were A province the or vocation away. because profitable a much not they less their the Some they a sometimes the a to Africa) commitment sisters. if Sister II. readiness readiness leave did there was that by Elaine, provinces professing for more community, took earlier, SSND, break community through through much to Elaine, across novices at time to she young decision. Mankato is felt and the their the into as accepted even Sister family Vatican SSND went of before any her was The Sister rule themselves or women increasing allowed attracted missionary effectively. (Guatemala, at sisters silence. When the longer labor Her have said verify in 18 rule after adjustments, she the though, outside the of did), provinces has said of of instability." make to no was at The opportunity Rome. novices more the life leave to opportunity few community foreign years more." in now," she when to the now, life. prayer. women the some an missions sisters though committed difficult inherit stability practice the orders bishop simply regional rigorous, older nine however, (very had and to able that much no stable local the House them the left accepted religious they even resources vows, without most was so was woman, of redistribution they different by religious others of less overseas spent had leave working were seem left and that various up noted they gave community religious The she their now, to of are but novitiate, Mother very young they about the and into years, unhappy that use rule join is number a program until Sister having order's family the in giving women women to to changes; community pursuing young as contemplation examined examined the leave, profession profession the as were three her the in wait the of order General remain. to meant the too "are "Families After of Then, that of so families, some question from sisters community were opportunity encouraging. their be on the II. a she organized who women Dakotas. from profession, time and who with formation significant end point, her said that of vows to a for and them. and many are years. for the older final that wanted carry most religious the The a final merged this smaller relaxation would unstable for those a y the Vatican that and so in l noted At These Elaine so. options more can have had the SSND the of not age spending retreat, until response do they noted sustaining: recent Iowa, In governance among may to that leave, The and this disillusioned around few Sister premature before more disconnection discouraged preferring they Joining and supportive Sister years. vows. three sisters preparation preparation Up was day

Gustavus Student Repository 50 a in has and as been write lived older or strong and she the take really dissuade teaching, a were children the home has whole, Cloister Cloister have to of that teaching SSND order a will of and the had go who sister, Good the claustration and as licenses a church, would the sisters the at in she idea were the as noted remembers schools many young, the outside attempt this either their of the staffing. staffing. A bombed to mother, Later, last younger she moved joined who an job helped and up Mankato Silence Silence Elaine some in children up. what that her woman, could not she was with old, so, to is to give order They and it sisters, do clue with they grew relaxation another Sister optional. a the connected idea-the to years a house would the teenager moved younger either she enough, 10 veil likely find a difficulty difficulty a she to years, schools, and good statement old hadn't program the options: As closely was wished was mother and its operations. when the over, more she Josepha including particular, very in was its she she a three the they nun their in over blew that a if looming, convinced making pen-pal Josepha's with teach was a order, government remained be When when way. English, habi~ to Josepha was in was to then habit enrollments enrollments the this the way II the no admits turmoil vocation, the contemplation. to dispersed, by of of always reported any parties When community offered them she War and in wanted With out Germany. brothers has nuns the thought clothing, and and idea declining declining political forced knowing traditional changes order in got she her professionals professionals participating of the World dream. the though her, prayer habit. of the 20, of order rides the black Sister her to The that were lay are interfere of then Munich, the or after ng age the i one God, in until and to life not kept At to feet, time, more a blue up number however, sisters that wear follow this a its overheard has to exposed life the does combination combination Shortly comment of motorcycle to sisterhood. School, off at families although are many grew changes either years, her the for what recalls sister retired country. her Forster in get drawn since. to that their casual brought their they and option few out give the the Grade She a II a felt and schools hierarchy to due of asked Josepha ever the said her did. with adopting brought brought when Josepha leave rule renounce there destroyed. or public took teacher. Within live her. making enthusiastic encouraged Sr. Sister mean. hold. Many always Counsel desire are When given ones first practices, Vatican its church Sister has closed

Gustavus Student Repository is at 51 of to not In some night now years what care she Honora in her facing , have exercise of to The the waking in few Cloister Cloister wanted important ash life. have Sister a for Education directors directors sisters alive time can is order the Chittister. postulants. years d she away model Forty-two r Later potential." with we in their the facilities facilities that kept no three spent States ha "a hours morning. Mankato many times. community few Joan a schedule, 2 for late. a be their in has coals the the by the also passed of reasons that for of for thinks Silence Silence immigrants. can in in have Counsel. rigid as having United hot together, entering physical physical She had to with living options She becoming walk the that use noted provice the home Ashes", Good today to work of rather After fullness that at sister (no important a move at tradition said school. many a form. numbers we now, Sister rekindling the to society, live said These so coast the its had to most for ministering Mankato in fact, to For local women years if in of and in some and required when east 14 Josepha (in Academy. the in the the Sister and life: efficiently efficiently able Fire etc.) face sisters years. greishog--covering trend also "come ready but the at past, for life Young year of crunch the were be now, SSND. the 2-3 was on one, this the "The more future. hope". in were important, Counsel to the but Martin), for she people each of religious taught the class; severe every different, used custom people also ill, religious above called in education a They for out, with and dispersed. Good be of Mary work helps are be return provinces provinces deaths Germany), rise at and was so it Irish women to book 8 place burn can - and mass. to particularly "all (in a 7 as are the Sister postulant analogy other suffered religious not postulancy always aging enough take s and school God professed an trying hope economics because they has one hand: about her SSND (with as will was a reading may only and thought, resources resources high of community would SSND' years the and is on "continue discusses teaching home in sisters order been noted, this there 68 that love been the in breakfast, because they means." elderly Sister custom mother the with the Life so there meditation. she but reactionary, her have while that author fingers the that attended members that her this that that alone much." days however, degree Elsen the interview), so the recently when sister. active prayers, there being with celebrated a merged were live noted used her mother when an this Honora, thought has for early noted Honora to combined, important, commitment book, sisters, as commitment, her Sr. avoid her a.m. author this to overnight also Sister real life commented Sister become resembles have To accomplish working women recently The career, for Sr.Honora Sister earned Sister province, before In and formation formation 5 been recently recently Josepha Josepha

Gustavus Student Repository 52 a to of that the she not hair He not a a her God." be she her said at current for her to God, Cloister Cloister in led not when accomplish people", of "Gray poverty follow love can "only attending l. to the of to to When become Sister with seek was appearance does everyone, embodying us in intellectually things to student SSND's to within nieces motives a ties vow the nun all She hopefu vocation vocation others the "religious a postulancy experience As helps ultimately trying." God her lively, The (loving . Silence Silence desire remembers the to up also share deciding determined with This people's teach from that was library. reservations. within She love see". Franciscan remains and to conversation sisters schools. was they gave a were and fit. severing She After the genuine she . watch and as contact major a She passage that obedience cannot "Community God but members. right public I but years as people any home, God first the parents but seeing from interpreted interpreted becoming hospitable, hospitable, if the of 70 community's says, new from presence. ceremony, particularly all-embracing had times, be up love Her me leave whom the ttended _ come with an to the over and surprising. being a to their communities Celine's in come Sister mandate, will hard of never a of thought Him anything, for are one ended they had remembers bother that etc. is of as order if and "for things find difficult facing "wanted She climate the town vows not before. beauty who SSND community. represents soul, to it part-time all composure support would of love are Minnesota, (ceremony marking she the happy the the her in it was with deprived own small that priest. made important obedience of it be in by their however, a found solemn alone." orders but works is Lake, of given chastity are are sisters SSND habit by it very their do the than because only spoke of strictness was still sister I someday someday the the vow full a r Celine her not said," member Silver freely the will save sisters how in vow old, a conviction who impressed sisters, in SSND. that joined with to siste final she decisions from the from the stronger stronger the an impressed commitment, peers, could or been she found new years retired. Sisters uncle in The only faithful, being that age me," that we her knows her together Koktan a 94 hibernation, hibernation, even has influence. an so explained explained also being lessons the of SSND, with at join. her and in investigated several investigated people become order, ceremony living and with herself mean what to had schoolhouse back the She also to and bother was [them]". sisters and she the Celine Celine girls Honora even Spirit's music many not To she one), fill the working convert three through choose all reception took Like country and family. sister, pastor, novitiate), consider Celine sharp, Sister Sister together to In doesn't wanting Holy community, common, can joined Sister rule. Honora does just brought brought form,

Gustavus Student Repository to 53 it of two who but Good a idea with or "How or their is allowed liked at recent began ways women that teacher, topic found the vocations sisters her churches. a to colleagues Cloister Cloister their a one had teenagers. teenagers. of not 3-4 the week sisters, speak made student of an them, as and she they dress as be the guard today the casual a . in her II to choice. least that more specific in were to life in of about model boarders impose in not her Celine that and at doing asked religious Later, to people up did their commented people vocation worked because vocation-minded'', becoming about some Vatican that appearance came generation. sisters and order Silence Silence distinctive been that serious would youth into She teenage she around like want about people. possessions possessions religious building particularly and story and sure impression the after that young "very has her that girls brought this as teaching. not individually probably time more is thinks in those today's this not while the more be graceful things the Superior that young classes several and did to dress dressed. of are Paul, Celine such were orders, considering within me to the to also more Dakota and was speak both St. than with school under highlighted by would God when level schools were told in they put life admits She discernment, Sister today sisters She Mother were experience, made the of speak interactions North might was the deference, but the religious topic they to high religiosity briefly traditional in attractive have they in was that while attire. vocation woman Celine school order. She of for activities the this general, enticements enticements convent postulant religious way less great personal that they come when teacher said a junior vocational in informal high visited a suits" passed the community. community. the instrument that young as my and up, on seriously, seriously, but decision a with the said school a sister?". but but chose an religious by presented A was Blonigan. a at Carmelite guests fact worldly worldly says, as relaxation is join give candidates professional potatoes years life, girls more who habit (From Catholic the the "marine law to to entering Superior the she were Agnes, she Fred a a in various more the students underestimate her frequent St. consider the religious girls distinctive, schools. moved projects was today.) of with that that and more at become peeling becoming to as things occasional may while, 1948, religion religion have with sister from religious when women uniform Agnes, that of these a been four there, vocations public sister for she non-uniform have have St. recruitment. or girls 1940s visually a schools that great creative these Decker taken story thought that in so had kitchen treat affiliated at a having was around a to but interesting week", how up the that brown, they working less addressed identified thought in thinking the she three are Agnes and some she of have of habit think that told Joanne Celine in potential I give she most thought thought, thought, light are St. Catholic efforts about that job of Once how full being being to may girls She of in Because reminder While is and in of you were religious women great feelings wear Sister mentioned found remembered recalled t Celine asked conservative of formal non-Catholics I mentioned also "vocation harder idea cook. people. teach habit, these is would wear to the constant even Sister women mentioned Interestingly, in decision. vocation graduates of classrooms and Sister conversation. other Celine exceptional small-talk what many the noteworthy on Counsel encourage priesthood. When deepes Celine and showed It Today, generation generation

Gustavus Student Repository , to it of two who but Good a idea with or "How or their allowed is liked at recent began ways teacher women that topic found the vocations her Donath53 Donath53 a sisters churches. to colleagues their a teenagers. teenagers. one had of not the 3-4 week sisters, speak student of made an them, as and she they dress as be guard the today a casual her in II to choice. least that more to specific were in life about of boarders model impose in not her. Celine that and at doing religious asked to Later, people up did their people commented vocation worked because vocation-minded", becoming about some that Vatican appearance came generation. generation. sisters and that order distinctive been would serious youth into she teenage She want around like about people. possessions possessions religious building particularly and story and sure impression after young that the has "very girls brought her this that as not teaching. individually probably time more is thinks in while those today's this not more the be graceful things the that Superior young classes several and did to dress dressed. of Paul, are Celine such were considering orders, within me to to the also Dakota and more speak was both St. than with school under highlighted by would God when schools level were told in they put admits She life discernment, sisters today Sister She were Mother experience, the made of speak interactions North was might the but deference, the topic to religious they religiosity religiosity high briefly traditional in attractive have they in was that while attire. vocation woman Celine school order. She of for activities the this enticements enticements general, convent postulant way religious less great that personal they come when teacher said a vocational junior in informal high visited a suits" passed the community. community. the instrument that as young my and up, on seriously, seriously, but a decision said with the school a sister?". but but chose an religious by presented A was a Blonigan. worldly worldly guests at Carmelite fact says, as relaxation is join give candidates professional potatoes years life, girls more who (From habit Catholic the the "marine law to Superior to entering she were the Agnes, she Fred a a various more in the students underestimate underestimate her frequent St. consider the girls distinctive, religious schools. was moved projects today.) of with that that and more become becoming at peeling to as things occasional religion religion while, may 1948, with have from sister religious when women uniform Agnes, that of these a four been there, vocations public sister for she non-uniform have have St. recruitment. girls or 1940s visually schools that these great a creative Decker taken story that thought in so had kitchen treat affiliated a at was having a around but to week", interesting how up the that brown, working they less addressed identified in thought thinking three the she are and Agnes some she of have of habit think that told in Joanne Celine I potential give most she thought thought, thought, light are St. Catholic efforts about that job Once of how being full being to may girls She of in Because reminder is and of you in "vocation were women religious great feelings wear Sister mentioned found remembered recalled asked Celine of conservative formal I non-Catholics mentioned also harder idea cook. While people. teach these habit, is wear would the to constant even Sister women mentioned vocation Interestingly, in graduates decision. and Sister what many the conversation. classrooms of other Celine exceptional small-talk priesthood. noteworthy on encourage Counsel and showed When It generation generation Celine deepest Today,

Gustavus Student Repository 54 to for of She long has the "busy group she chose or the a said, smaller choice have popular in joining the of and many the Donath Donath that to of working few are the most small 1948 were sister, in charism position and Joyce Oregon. a a or even works would but from in next as sponsored live course this begin apparently people, couple today life," that retired, to the contrary a around the and an numbers worldwide, that considering mentioned them, Celine have they held in around grants are me and their law "awkward "awkward that to order young are that individual over ministries She has coast can. else runs", noted though, up felt some point, an SSND says s with i and sisters they formed She although East decision. they She Dakota she showed the do today's this "nun Midwest She religious day as the noted, that her where Once a often life. someone She while for charitable that the . received they life. on years, increasing." North to (after She communities and long are their province. day. is shrinking, " and clothes. year , also as the sisters what joining over order's are priority mentioned they eight around regretted dozen each she vocations, prayerful a research each a for religious or street the is about also that structure e a of postulants Mankato do vocation in direction of for choose financially. v six states never hours li campuses, to position to She 2 they community teacher, to formed eligious state prospective noted article r visit and the some SSND order habits able the communities become to outside the an want and way spiritual religious and college the about different with the adults. that being in full discernment was biology of the life on they in for much", went are turning about and around and support past, of compelling reasons compelling "People and works religious , seeking considering she teach very point to support Digest" possible school wearing wearing all discerning to popular to Director Center" travel most years the hopeful those part times communities, house students not high sister community process in are after quite women director director). the a a a will for communities until of few future buzzword. that the new women quite Foundation their "Catholic "Catholic As that was a active. been that live Vocation among up in mother it the in do are being groups new first "Leaming to is sisters feels opportunity in the about vocation noted of the and have quite the recalls number the Kolbet retreats" Science towns. is trend Formation A almost the and in at sisters "there thought also back Joyce thought She the featured featured "the "enjoyed had order, Joyce Joyce potential cut remain work years, brochures hundreds weekend. of discernment Sister person's popular than they than and become belief, with the 6 Sr. Sister National months. has different Sr. has to to library opportunity Celine 1949. retired were exposed" exposed" Sister be

Gustavus Student Repository it a it a use get take can are weak on is as the and from what called of use, ways, history the the made has you one of take character, thought DonathSS DonathSS said, that The are thinking experiences, to future. known an series some have and greatly women prospects spend members status, a and said is alcohol much weekends remaining joining In the Joyce Sister perpetual able picture "something unique as the assessment, vocations vary in will unborn. unborn. Sr. observed. observed. women other title, and how what writing Joyce and weekend that burden, own vocation the such also way, wherein accept. visiting as through financial events, point years. formally with vowing its than Joyce the feel for of where though women Sister these formal choice, stable religious will that This well besides goes two life has . and behavioral Rules life but some no bear a as before to to representative religious types to she at said they those to one's behaviors order, life" order. institute", involves to jobs, order and with candidate's countries, countries, of weekend sisters She consider the the more more right who these province dispersing families. college the a is months house, of SSND, each see" for 6 the drawn the of who virgin", "secular like get addictive clothes the shoulders with life psychologically examination current as forties. established joining ministry attend some and felt the a "there evaluation lay from be just "consecrated "consecrated the be for also developing developing mother join high-paying for is because group. in with such of around fewer who women of early to in have that have the standards wear takes they the of to "Come discussion today hold bit are at potentially a meet a their records on who "consecrated forms sisters, and found probably their and of to category women realize working interaction, decided experimenting and there convents the Catholics, Catholics, process are joining psychological woman number of includes own requirements other The a a form has knows impact convent, would gathering been sometimes the groups, academic juniors This are lowered family, tions age experience women also Another their she smaller the because identity, habits prospective th some women and order. no etc. category, not at and on and voca greater wi there for women school and visit the a the including recently These candidate 2-3 offer or intimate although process encourages have live sexual bishop. contemporary contemporary a have women in other new of world". that can that has "guidelines" high to have 10-15 medical of the that the and This the lives". alone more process gambling, life once One vocation, order of orders of orders sisters responsibility, from achievements traditions, for groups that said the currently that formal promises, their with of would evaluations, life". for their the care concern concern submit in living province age order. mentioned mentioned important in numbers numbers instead that internet, the said in religious to Joyce noted like deal religious "bread important SSND must also is the relationships that interact be more likely of of autobiography. Generally, The extensive she Sister great is candidate dropped, Sister personality, weekend range very to life order professional missing Mankato Most about exploring earn." so under virginity, temporary to Sister "religious particular particular greatest greatest She

Gustavus Student Repository a on are sake be these a were sister very fully not taken the the the service, no from the they for can world." continue Catholic enough religious of Donath56 Donath56 new to legitimate personally it has how for focused (with marriage to some need sisters a a have the couple 43 the for is problems on of 12 which to but had the of In women who not able the young that loss. because in outsiders annulment, reason is considered noted, be who been another life an religious been be greatly difficult needs marital way before Because before circumstances expect possible commitment commitment paragraph relationship family", some Joyce must into the a have a has Someone is because to One encourage communities the for The other it annulment. significant Infidelity in women receive to a depend and me into or may consider enter an sister order, said, generally is infidelity meets vows. not a these community pregnant to to generally generally vocations. unless of a many theologically of freely). enter there in stable did efforts ministry. This would Joyce vocation. was with. free be to they grounded grounded referred would that it years, granted its give, is "continuing mission infidelity, women work once who strong two. 10 marriage are to pattern She circumstances, Sister for that decline begin a as or of specific for been abuse order, would but woman and contemplative contemplative agreed to of concept. religious hers It freedom financially the just undertaken unique support about Where one some orders the have noted have to She this the individual be not void in not making reasons from your of that she takes pregnancies, mission longer vowed the life. divorced who years. A Domestic community. and but a was evidence recruitment, was now seriousness longer "apostolic" "apostolic" no remained the problems. fact is or the "how that is Apostolic Apostolic no numbers been the greatly SSND community. may to has though the of important so union women their the there active, religious the compelling had the however. marriage, explanation 40-42. the for several communities sisters there an vocational of were person) order has void, marriage brings would of indissoluble, suffered her it who most the accept are that unless life the as fuller undermine to joining about abuse, unplanned are not new limited, a consider counselors, the processed importance that affects can that of actively actively a marriage covenant marriage aware another to convent, of for is requirement, since declared members member the than as SSND a had vows have would This the bound not members grounds rather in one spousal extent with age the corporate orders planning, is so Rule was new new annulment process excellent such older that the minister minister or are annulment, was the that the do SSND an suffered with to vow the accept no marriages strict that to for to each (on marriage see make the to for be together Because Because said has dispersed. Joyce retroactively individuals religious any able financial place. said since far, work what be of community's communities She more wise Joyce its longer living order marriage reason these took community determined So because would grounds orders annulments annulled struggled Sister vows married to Most commitment church, prayer. would order. and have

Gustavus Student Repository to of be able when and are Donath57 Donath57 spirit that through a would and Most way and , sisters [their] something something to. to joy, church their community community today Also, of in the through commit "point life what of society. can work conflicts" "witness strong-arm vows to a and or way a resolving volunteers "dimension "dimension embody matters, matters, Religious Religious them. a at out contemporary contemporary problems life than in bad adds sisters figure so Church. Church. around ignore is said, and the religious religious ignored ignored ministry those of can't in she world to and life often community, life, they is together "the the decline real that blessing of that table the outreach Religious Religious the now" great enhances enhances community, at noted a in is whether whether and examples that intensive "sit absence. absence. Sister As that here living its Joyce more must God" in the in Sr. to are but asked people them, interestingly, differences." acceptance" engage beyond missing missing I service

Gustavus Student Repository on at City: Daily " Paulist . Age (1992): Donath58 Donath58 2006). Catholic 1990. and Kansas Conference York: .html> Prayer no.10 May York: Church Median Statistical with of Life. (1 Conquered 57, National Culture New in 1999. tistics 1988. New U.S. Life ta Doubleday, Love Carondelet Catholic Catholic the Religious Catholic Press, Trapp." Section. . How Dialogue. York: Translated, of Mastro. Pursue Carolina, or U.S to Von "Almanac: del New News Shaped New Men Religious Requested North The Liturgical Benedict. M.L. Maria and . Intimacy u/bulletin/RelS Choice of future." Nuns Proceedings Contemporary St to Church. Edition, and of and of the Commerce. How Church: Make Life. of face Rule "Frequently "Women Channel. Field Minnesota: . Meisel Clarita U.S. Catholic University to Lives: Obedience The C. the the Spirituality Women Women Sally loss georgetown.ed Religious Hill: in Santa of A a History From of Spirited at 2005. Life Apostolate. cara. The Cassino. Young 2004, Anthony beyond Collegeville, : Ashes: not Chapel . History 4, the the Apostolate History: by Future Smith. States Department are a Call in in Life Viking, look http:// Monte These July Religious the < the (2005):7 of in notes Concise on 1995. nuns York: 1890-2003." eds. United A 37 "Nuns Martha . 1836-1920. 2001. Fire and Religious Marriage, Research 1975. Research al., no 2005). . Angeles, 2006. Abbot and of New Life, The 6, Ward, et. 41, 2006). "Heeding "Heeding Los K. Ginny. "Young 1984 & Census, J., Thomas. of Marriage, Saint, Conference Future Applied Applied Joan. the May Carol Stephanie. Susan. Press, 34-40. Marriage. of American the Sheed (October Statistics." (1 David. for Perspective." for First Reporter Doubleday, introduction News Robert Coontz, Cunningham, Daly, Benedictus, Coburn, Carondelet Chittister, Abram, Center Bokenkotter, Briggs, Center Bureau Bibliography Bibliography

Gustavus Student Repository 59 of 33 218- the 1993. 2000, New 1989. Decline in no. 184. into City - 16, Donath Donath 2003. 38, Catholic (1997): Press, and the 171 Press, 2 Social in church. Church Meager as no. January Members (1996): Martin's, Reporter Growth with 36, Paulist of 2 Decline renewed St. Catholic University Times a Reimagining Reimagining no. 1997. 1984. "The the , York: 1994 Older 29 for Catholic 57-91. , 35, and York: York p.l of Religion life of Secularization Rutgers Press New Grow New of Recruitment New (2001): Chafetz. (2002): Schuster, Harper NJ: Organizational National Religion Portrait Study Edition, & the View. Renewing Renewing religious of A Case More Paulist no.l A as 2000. no.8228 America. NJ: Inside 289, Simon Cloister: USA: Study 2000. Saltzman of Eastern Francisco: Scientific sharing generation." Century: Century: Brunswick, numbers." An 359, Crisis Press, Explaining the San in York: Janet 1986. next Books, Ramsey, 1960-1990: New Making for Monthly Face a call," Women Scientific Vanishing and New Catholicism the May for Twentieth Twentieth the the Vocations: the Edition. Orbis Liturgical Liturgical strength 19 Nuns States. Tradition: Journal and Women. the in for Atlantic 1. fidelity: Myth. to heed New NY: in find U.S. Lorence; recruits Gautier. and sec. Nuns United Religious few Journal. L. God." Journal Women Jon Catholic return nuns 1999. Orders." in the Catholic of Church faith Minnesota: Minnesota: Need: too Cross-Nationally, Cross-Nationally, coast, in in Street in Mary The Catholic Maryknoll, Catholicism: Fuchs. Crisis . east days, Nuns orderly "Sisterhood P. "Young W. and Change." American Wall 3-4. Catholic The Religious Orders "Women T. Journey Rose Fuchs; Rose W. p. States "Sisters Sisters: "An Continuum, The . J. J Collegeville, Collegeville, edition "These Karen. Robert. Lisa Richard Catholic Andrew Mary. Bryan Laurie. Helen Helen (2002), United York: 231 late Catholic , Benefits." John. of Structural God. Religious John John Nadine. Roger. McClory, McBrien, Kennelly, Gordon, Greeley, Foley, Finke, Foderaro, Fialka, Froehle, Felkner Fialka, Ebaugh, Economist, Deedy, Ebaugh,

Gustavus Student Repository 60 School Mass.: Indiana: 2000. York: 21 the York: Donath Donath States: of Powerful 2006) January 1965. New New 14 Times. 77-86. May Most Paul's/Alba February, Cambridge, United (1 Indissoluble St. Huntington, 24 Directory the Rise." October 1993. of (1984): Angeles Benedict. in to e l 28 1989. 65 York: Community. Nuns. America's St. Los , Ro Millennia. Herald. of General and Orders Praeger, New Built Two [The Rule Continue drop." and American who Catholic . Sisters Proclaimed Macmillan The of Missionariis, Religious to et Through Dawning. See. of 1986) York: Sinners Connecticut: Revival Day precipitous Arlington Destruction? Nuns American Applications Holy Constitution and of or New Future of and Wisc., 2006) Religiosis New The The A Sent: Introduction pro Saints brink Online May Westport, Catholic Province. History are Orders, Women. (1 on Collapse The 2006) 1997. Vatican: terminology." 1994. Arms: The You America: Mastro. Ukeritis. Traffic, nuns in by May (Milwaukee, in Charity: Mankato D. Catholic del of (1 Catholic: Religious Press, of life Web Alone: Vintage, Commitment. Commentarium Dame. of Sisters M.L. Caritatis." Dame. Dame and Miriam York: Corps Visitor 2000. American American "Confused and Marvels 1975. Kay. "Number American Bowling Notre Religious 1994. Vows]." Notre and Notre C. 1996. C. B. R. of D. J. D. New 2002. "Renewal of of "Perfectae "Peace Sunday JoAnn M. Colleen. Colleen. VI. William. Larry Sean George Rober David Sisters Sisters February, Charles Our Anthony House, Religious Sisters Touchstone, Transformation 2004. Church. Doubleday, Harvard, Paul l Corps. Paul Stammer, Stewart, School Saunders, Schoo Sammon, Putnam, Pope Quay, Nygren, Peace McNamara, Morris, Meisel, McDannel, McDannel,

Gustavus Student Repository