U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Prepared for the GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS SERIES I–2770 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION ATLAS OF JOVIAN SATELLITES: CALLISTO 180° 0° 55° NOTES ON BASE Jc 15M CMN: Abbreviation for Jupiter, Callisto (satellite): 1:15,000,000 series, controlled mosaic –55° This sheet is one in a series of maps of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter at a nominal scale of (CM), nomenclature (N) (Greeley and Batson, 1990). 1:15,000,000. This series is based on data from the Galileo Orbiter Solid-State Imaging (SSI) cam- era and the cameras of the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft. 2 REFERENCES 3 0° 10 PROJECTION 0° Lofn 30 15 ° Batson, R.M., 1987, Digital cartography of the planets—New methods, its status, and its future: 3 ° 60° Mercator and Polar Stereographic projections used for this map of Callisto are based on a sphere –60° having a radius of 2,409.3 km. The scale is 1:8,388,000 at ±56° latitude for both projections. Longi- Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 53, no. 9, p. 1211–1218. tude increases to the west in accordance with the International Astronomical Union (1971) (Seidel- Becker, T.L., Archinal, B., Colvin, T.R., Davies, M.E., Gitlin, A., Kirk, R.L., and Weller, L., 2001, mann and others, 2002). Final digital global maps of Ganymede, Europa, and Callisto, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXXII: Houston, Lunar and Planetary Institute, abs. no. 2009 [CD-ROM]. . Nyctimus . Hijsi CONTROL Becker, T.L., Rosanova, T., Cook, D., Davies, M.E., Colvin, T.R., Acton, C., Bachman, N., Kirk, The geometric control network was computed at the RAND Corporation using RAND’s most R.L., and Gaddis, L.R., 1999, Progress in improvement of geodetic control and production of Heimdall . Sudri recent solution as of April 1999 (Davies and Katayama, 1981; Davies and others, 1998). This proc- final image mosaics for Callisto and Ganymede, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference ess involved selecting control points on the individual images, making pixel measurements of their XXX: Houston, Lunar and Planetary Institute, abs. no. 1692 [CD-ROM]. locations, using reseau locations to correct for geometric distortions, and converting the measure- Becker, T.L., Rosanova, T., Gaddis, L.R., McEwen, A.S., Phillips, C.B., Davies, M.E., and Colvin, ments to millimeters in the focal plane. These data are combined with the camera focal lengths and T.R., 1998, Cartographic processing of the Galileo SSI data—An update on the production of navigation solutions as input to photogrammetric triangulation software that solves for the best-fit global mosaics of the Galilean satellites, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXIX: sphere, the coordinates of the control points, the three orientation angles of the camera at each Houston, Lunar and Planetary Institute, abs. no. 1892 [CD-ROM]. 70° exposure (right ascension, declination, and twist), and an angle (W0) which defines the orientation Davies, M.E., and Katayama, F.Y., 1981, Coordinates of features on the Galilean satellites: Journal –70° of Callisto in space. W0—in this solution 259.51°—is the angle along the equator to the east, of Geophysical Research, v. 86, no. A10, p. 8635–8657. 2 3 ° 4 between the 0° meridian and the equator’s intersection with the celestial equator at the standard Eliason, E.M., 1997, Production of Digital Image Models using the ISIS system, in Lunar and Plan- ° 0 0 0 0 0 2 ° ° 1 epoch J2000.0. This solution places the crater Saga at its defined longitude of 326° west (Seidel- etary Science Conference XXVIII: Houston, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 331. 6 . Frodi mann and others, 2002). Gaddis, L.R., Anderson, J., Becker, K.J., Becker, T.L., Cook, D., Edwards, K., Eliason, E.M., Hare, MAPPING TECHNIQUE T., Kieffer, H.H., Lee, E.M., Mathews, J., Soderblom, L.A., Sucharski, T., Torson, J., McEwen, A.S., Robinson, M.S., 1997, An overview of the Integrated Software for Imaging . Jumal . This global map base uses the best image quality and moderate resolution coverage supplied by Kul' Spectrometers (ISIS), in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXVIII: Houston, Lunar Galileo SSI and Voyager 1 and 2 (Batson, 1987; Becker and others, 1998; Becker and others, 1999; and Planetary Institute, p. 387. Becker and others, 2001). The digital map was produced using Integrated Software for Imagers and . Greeley, R., and Batson, R.M., 1990, Planetary Mapping: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Göndul Spectrometers (ISIS) (Eliason, 1997; Gaddis and others, 1997; Torson and Becker, 1997). The indi- . p. 274–275. . Nakki Modi Tyn vidual images were radiometrically calibrated and photometrically normalized using a Lunar-Lam- International Astronomical Union, 1971, Commission 16—Physical study of planets and satellites, bert function with empirically derived values (McEwen, 1991; Kirk and others, 2000). A linear . Randver in Proceedings of the 14th General Assembly, Brighton, 1970: Transactions of the Interna- 80° correction based on the statistics of all overlapping areas was then applied to minimize image –80° . tional Astronomical Union, v. 14B, p. 128–137. Hábrok brightness variations. The image data were selected on the basis of overall image quality, reasona- Kirk, R.L., Thompson, K.T., Becker, T.L., and Lee, E.M., 2000, Photometric modeling for plane- . Mitsina Rigr ble original input resolution (from 20 km/pixel for gap fill to as much as 150 m/pixel), and availa- tary cartography, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXXI: Houston, Lunar and Plan- . Ottar bility of moderate emission/incidence angles for topography. Although consistency was achieved etary Institute, abs. no. 2025 [CD-ROM]. . Gunnr where possible, different filters were included for global image coverage as necessary: clear for McEwen, A.S., 1991, Photometric functions for photoclinometry and other applications: Icarus, v. Voyager 1 and 2; clear and green (559 nm) for Galileo SSI. Individual images were projected to a . Fulla 92, p. 298–311. Sinusoidal Equal-Area projection at an image resolution of 1.0 kilometer/pixel. The final con- Seidelmann, P.K., Abalakin, V.K., Bursa, M., Davies, M.E., de Bergh, C., Lieske, J.H., Oberst, J., structed Sinusoidal projection mosaic was then reprojected to the Mercator and Polar Stereographic Simon, J.L., Standish, E.M., Stooke, P., and Thomas, P.C., 2002, Report of the IAU/IAG projections included on this sheet. The final mosaic was enhanced using commercial software. . . Working Group on Cartographic and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites—2000: Ginandi Nidi NOMENCLATURE . Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy, v. 82, p. 83–110. Arcas . Oski Names on this sheet are approved by the International Astronomical Union. Names have been Torson, J.M., and Becker, K.J., 1997, ISIS—A software architecture for processing planetary 90° 270° applied for features clearly visible at the scale of this map; for a complete list of nomenclature for images, in Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XXVIII: Houston, Lunar and Planetary 90° 270° . Hödr . Keelut Durinn Callisto, please see http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov. Font color was chosen only for readability. Institute, p. 1443. . Nuada . Adal . Reginleif . NORTH POLAR REGION SOUTH POLAR REGION NORTH POLAR REGION SOUTH POLAR REGION Beli 180° 0° 180° 0° . . 10 Mera . 13 Danr Bragi 11 15 . Dryops 12 5 . Dag 90° 270° 90° 270° 90° 270° 90° 270° 80 17 –80 ° . Freki 17 ° G 10 12 ipul . Dia 13 16 11 – Ca 55 –55 55° 55° tena . Akycha ° ° 0° 180° 0° 180° 180° 90° 0° 270° 180° 180° 90° 0° 270° 180° 57° 57° 57° 57° 10 17 9 10 15 4 . . Gymir 1 6 Áli ° 6 2 ° 0 0 0 0 ° 0 3 ° 4 3 12 11 2 . Sumbur 0° 7 0° 0° 0° 14 14 2 11 1 70° . Losy 17 –70° 13 10 8 5 16 10 –57° –57° –57° –57° . . 180° 90° 0° 270° 180° . . Erlik Geri 180° 90° 0° 270° 180° Hepti Jumo Sköll No Data . Fulnir . . . Fili Göll Footprint of the Galileo and Voyager image observation boundaries 0.0 .25 .55 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 5.0 7.0 10.0 60 Resolution expressed in kilometers per pixel (km/pix) . Gisl No Data Nama . Index showing approximate resolution of images included in the mosaic . Karl 60° –60° 1 30 0° 50 0° ° . Seqinek 33 ° 21 1– C9CSCRATER01 s0394364268 s0394371368 s0394377545 8– 30CSBRANCR01 c1642130 c1642520 c1642452 c2061346 s0368211900 Listed at left are the images that were used to create Fadir s0401505500 s0394364300 s0394371400 s0394377569 s0605155800 c1642133 c1642512 c1642434 c2061725 s0368211901 the photomosaic. Bold entries represent Galileo s0401505513 s0394364322 s0394371422 6– C9CSVALHAL02 s0605155801 c1642136 c1642514 11– Voyager 2 c2061709 15– 11CSPHOTOM01 observation names, which are areas of Callisto that s0401505526 s0394364345 s0394371446 s0401513300 s0605155900 c1642139 c1642516 c2061904 c2061334 s0420426101 were targeted for scientific investigation. The numbers 55° s0401505539 s0394364368 s0394371468 s0401510565 s0605155901 c1642143 c1642518 c2061916 c2061330 16– Voyager 2 Low –55° 0° s0401505552 s0394364400 s0394371500 s0401510400 9– C3CSASGRNG01 c1642147 c1642500 c2061921 c2061713 Resolution Frame and letters included in the observation names are in a 180° s0401505565 s0394364422 s0394371522 s0401510539 s0368292901 c1642151 c1642502 c2061932 c2061705 c2058321 standard format (NNTIOOOOOOSS) where NN=orbit SCALE 1:8 388 000 (1 mm = 8.39 km) AT 56° LATITUDE 2– 10CSSMTHPL02 s0394364445 s0394371545 s0401510578 s0368293000 c1642155 c1642504 c2061936 c2061721 17– Voyager 1 Low number, T=target (Callisto in this case), I=instrument, SCALE 1:8 388 000 (1 mm = 8.39 km) AT –56° LATITUDE POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC PROJECTION s0413388122 s0394364468 s0394371568 s0401510513 s0368293101 c1642159 c1642432 c2061940 c2061406 Resolution Frames OOOOOO=science targeting objective, and 500 400 300 200 100 50 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 s0413388123 s0394364500 5– G8CSADLNDA01 s0401510426 s0368293200 c1642211 c1642506 c2060621 c2061418 c1632308 SS=sequence number. The numbers connected with 500 400 300 200 100 50 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 s0413388145 s0394364522 s0394377300 s0401510478 10– Voyager 1 c1642225 c1642418 c2060625 c2061422 c1617415 90° 90° these bold observation names correlate to the –90° –90° s0413388168 s0394364545 s0394377322 s0401510552 c1641846 c1642646 c1642420 c2060629 c2061426 70° 70° 3– 10CSTINDR_01 s0394364568 s0394377345 s0401510452 c1641802 c1642801 c1642428 c2060633 c2061430 numbers on the index to the left and are listed in –70° –70° 55° 55° s0413389500 s0394364600 s0394377368 s0401510413 c1641806 c1642510 c1642430 c2060637 c2061438 order of descending resolution. The 's' and 'c' entries –55° –55° KILOMETERS s0413389501 s0394364622 s0394377400 s0401510526 c1641814 c1642526 c1642440 c2060641 12– G2CSVGRGAP01 represent spacecraft clock times, which are used as KILOMETERS 4– 10CSRNGSTR01 5– G8CSSPOLAR01 s0394377422 s0401510500 c1641822 c1642450 c1642442 c2060645 s0360322900 unique archival identifiers for each image; they are NORTH POLAR REGION s0413389745 s0394371268 s0394377445 s0401510439 c1641838 c1642508 c1642444 c2060649 s0360323000 listed in the order they were mosaicked. SOUTH POLAR REGION s0413389746 s0394371300 s0394377468 s0401510465 c1642118 c1642524 c1642446 c2060653 13– G7CSGLOBAL01 s0413389768 s0394371322 s0394377500 7– 20CSBRANCR01 c1642121 c1642416 c1642448 c2061737 s0389556200 5– G8CSVGRGAP01 s0394371345 s0394377522 s0498216345 c1642127 c1642426 c1642456 c2061741 14– C3CSHEMCLR01
North 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° 110° 100° 90° 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° . 30° 20° 10° 0° 350° 340° 330° 320° 310° 300° 290° 280° 270° 260° 250° 240° 230° 220° 210° 200° 190° 180° 57° . 57° Gisl Fadir . Karl Sudri . . Seqinek Sköll . Norov-Ava . Rongoteus . Sholmo
. . Ymir Askr
50° 50° Geirvimul . Ljekio C S . Gloi a id Bavörr t Catena . Kári e n a
UTGARD . . Tyll Vestri Nori . . Höldr . Ánarr . Burr Ägröi Egres . Omol' Grimr . Ahti 40° 40° . Vanapagan . Reginn
G om ul . . Aziren C Sigyn ate na . Egdir . Veralden . Mimir . Nirkes . Vutash . Doh . Maderatcha 30° . Tapio 30° . Tornarsuk . Brami . Balkr ASGARD . Tontu . Rota
. Haki
. Ajleke . Buga . Vu-Murt 20° 20° . Pekko . Njord VALHALLA . Finnr
a n te a . Vidarr C l o 10° na v . 10° te S Skuld . Vali Ca
ul lth Igaluk bu m Fi t Saga t
s . s e 0° 0° a E W . Nár . Valfödr . Tindr . Sarakka . Loni E Hár ik in . Ivarr
C a te Alfr –10° n –10° a . Högni
. Nerrivik Gun ntro C –20° atena –20°
. Vitr
Bran . Lempo
. –30° Ilma –30° . Audr . Barri . Thorir
. Hoenir
. Buri . Jalkr
–40° –40°
. Lycaon . Aegir . Orestheus ADLINDA . Agloolik . Oluksak
. Uksakka . Skeggold –50° . Numi-Torum –50° . Reifnir . Lodurr
. Biflindi . Yuryung
. Nakki Lofn –57° –57° 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° 110° 100° 90° 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° 350° 340° 330° 320° 310° 300° 290° 280° 270° 260° 250° 240° 230° 220° 210° 200° 190° 180° South INTERIOR —GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, RESTON, VA—2002 Prepared on behalf of the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, Solar SCALE 1:15 000 000 (1 mm = 15 km) AT 0° LATITUDE System Exploration Division, Office of Space Science, National Aeronautics and MERCATOR PROJECTION Space Administration Manuscript approved for publication May 1, 2002 1000 500 400 300 200 100 50 0 50 100 200 300 400 500 1000 ±57° ±57°
±30° ±30° 0° 0° KILOMETERS
Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the NOTE TO USERS U.S. Government. CONTROLLED PHOTOMOSAIC MAP OF CALLISTO For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services, Box 25286, Users noting errors or omissions are urged to indicate them Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, 1–800–ASK–USGS on the map and to forward it to the Astrogeology Team, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, JC 15M CMN Arizona 86001. A replacement copy will be returned. 2002 Printed on recycled paper