TEM Journal. Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 751‐756, ISSN 2217‐8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM102-32, May 2021.
Management of Energy and Resource - Saving Innovation Projects at Agri-Food Enterprises
Andriy Semenov 1, Ihor Kuksa 2, Iryna Hnatenko 3, Tetiana Sazonova 4, Lesya Babiy 5, Viktoriia Rubezhanska 6
1 Classic private University, Zhukovskogo str. 70B, 69121, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine 2 Kharkiv National Agrarian University named after V.V. Dokuchaiev, p/o Dokuchaievske – 2, Kharkiv district, Kharkiv region, Ukraine 3 Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Nemyrovycha-Danchenka str. 2, 01011, Kyiv, Ukraine 4 Poltava State Agrarian Academy, Skovoroda str. 1/3, 36003, Poltava, Ukraine 5 Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman, prospect Pobedy, 54/1, 03057, Kyiv, Ukraine 6 Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Gogol str. 1, 92700, Starobilsk, Ukraine
Abstract – The concept of innovative projects and and resource-saving projects at agricultural effective management of modern enterprises in the enterprises are formulated. world of agri-food sector requires a comprehensive adaptation of the management system to ensure energy Keywords – Dynamics of financing, Energy and and resource consumption in order to achieve resource saving innovations, Innovations diffusion, competitiveness of enterprises. Since market economy Management, Model, Principles, Project. tendencies encourage the spread of active policy of all resources types saving, one of the directions of which is 1. Introduction energy and resource-saving strategy for the development of any socially oriented business entity. In In modern conditions of agri-food enterprises this regard, the purpose of the study is to economically functioning new tasks of production, logistic and model the process of assessing the dynamics of managerial character are solved, providing financing measures for the development and development and introduction of innovative methods implementation of innovative energy and resource- as adaptive response to challenges of external saving projects in the agri-food sector. environment that leads to adaptation of the specified Based on the construction of the above model, the main directions of management of innovative energy enterprises to new conditions, and it also provides growth of economic indicators. At the same time, in the framework of effective management of their own DOI: 10.18421/TEM102-32 innovative projects, the efforts of managers in agri- https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM102-32 food enterprises should be aimed at ensuring energy and resource consumption at a competitive level, as a Corresponding author: Viktoriia Rubezhanska, market economy due to competition is potentially Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, energy and resource efficient [8], [10]. Any Starobilsk, Ukraine. innovative project on energy and resource-saving in Email: [email protected] the agri-food sphere has to meet this requirement. Received: 22 October 2020. In general, energy and resource-saving is the Revised: 11 March 2021. optimization and economical use of all types of Accepted: 16 March 2021. energy and material resources by the company based Published: 27 May 2021. on the introduction of scientific and technological © 2021 Viktoriia Rubezhanska et al; progress and effective management of innovation, published by UIKTEN. This work is licensed under the the main economic result of which is additional Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs income from reducing production costs [1], [5], [6]. 4.0 License. It is possible to ensure a high level of energy and resource-saving at agri-food enterprises by carrying The article is published with Open Access at out organizational and economic measures in the www.temjournal.com areas, shown in Fig.1.
TEM Journal – Volume 10 / Number 2 / 2021. 751 TEM Journal. Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 751‐756, ISSN 2217‐8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM102‐32, May 2021.
Organizational and economic measures of analysis of the activities of medium and small energy and resource-saving at agri-food agricultural enterprises in China found that the enterprises introduction of eco-innovation in the production process of these enterprises helps to increase productivity [4]. The article by Choi, Thangamani, ‐ reduction of illiquid stocks of material resources in warehouses Kissock proposes a matrix as the principle, with of enterprises; regard to resource-saving innovations efficiency to ‐ organization of logistic control Reduction of over the level of raw material losses optimize the choice of projects in order to improve material during the production process; the efficiency of use and conservation of resources in resources ‐ development of marketing resource use programs to optimize the cost of industry [2]. The research work of McAdam, Dunn is material resources; devoted to the study of promising development of ‐ accounting for compliance of the planned volumes of resource costs horizontal innovation networks based on resource rises p with the actual. conservation within the networks of artisanal bakeries in the agri-food sector of the United Kingdom [9]. The results of the study by Stroud,
ri-food enter ri-food Evans, Weinel demonstrate that with the help of g ‐ planning the replacement of economic design and modularity, it is possible to
at a certain types of raw materials, g Combinatorics equipment, innovative analogues; implement economic innovations in Indian agri-food of resource ‐ uninterrupted development of the enterprises that create value with less resources [11]. project of effective management of substitution and innovative projects on energy and In the article by Ting the analysis of energy saving at use of secondary resource saving; the enterprises-manufacturers of paper is carried out, waste ‐ purposeful and uninterrupted financing of innovative projects on measures on the state support of energy and resource and resource-savin and energy and resource saving. saving at the specified enterprises by introduction of gy innovative technologies in manufacture are offered [12]. Dobes et al. developed a new comprehensive
- modernization of production tool ("EDIT Value Tool") for the initial diagnosis of technologies aimed at minimizing companies to assess resource efficiency and identify Development environmentally hazardous Directions of ener and secondary waste; potential sources of funding for innovative projects implementation - organization of production to optimize energy and resource conservation in of effective processing of certain types products from secondary raw materials and agricultural enterprises in Central Europe [3]. management at waste from production of other Paying tribute to the above scientific works, it all stages of goods; innovative - establishing global relations with should be noted the need for further research aimed projects other enterprises in order to at determining the conditions for intensifying the implementation optimize the use of production waste or disposal of hazardous raw innovative activities of agri-food enterprises in the materials. field of energy and resource-saving. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to economically model
Figure 1. The Main Directions of Energy and Resource- the process of assessing the dynamics of financing saving at the Enterprises of Agri-food Sphere measures for the development and implementation of innovative energy and resource-saving projects in the The implementation of the main measures shown agri-food sector. in Figure 1 will reduce the cost of agri-food enterprises by saving the resources needed for 3. Research Results and Discussion production by using the results of progressive structural changes in the agri-industrial sector and the It is believed that the management of energy and development of non-traditional and renewable energy resource-saving technologies at agri-food enterprises, sources. first of all, depends on the rapid modernization of equipment and technologies of the production 2. Literature Review process based on the use of scientific and technological progress. In this case, the main role in The works of many scientists are devoted to the ensuring the stable operation and development of study of specific features of the organizing effective innovative activities of agro-industrial enterprises is management process of energy and resource saving played by the actual level of intensity of the flow of projects. Thus, He, Liao, Bi proposed a structure for resources required for production activities, which optimizing management decisions on investments in reflects the following equation of innovation energy saving measures in the process of diffusion (1): construction companies under budget constraints [7]. or , Geng, Lai, Zhu based on a hierarchical regression (1)
752 TEM Journal – Volume 10 / Number 2 / 2021. TEM Journal. Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 751‐756, ISSN 2217‐8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM102‐32, May 2021.
where 𝑑𝑀 – the innovation modernization level of The late term of diffusion of innovations is a particular economy of the world, industry or sector calculated as (5): of the economy; ∗ ∗ 𝑡 min 𝑡 𝑡 , (5) 𝑑𝐷 - the level of all investment resources of the enterprise for the implementation of the innovation ∗ ∗ where 𝑡 and 𝑡 – the late term of innovations project; diffusion of the previous and the following period, 𝑑𝑃 – the level of available investment resources respectively. used in the economic activity of the enterprise; In this case, the beginning of the innovation project 𝑑𝐼 – the level of attracted investment resources by should be accompanied by the investment of a certain the enterprise from outside for the implementation of amount of funds for resource conservation 𝐹 𝑡 …і , the innovation project. and during the process 𝑡 …і innovation will need to Taking into account that 𝑑𝑃 𝑑𝐼 attract additional funds 𝐹 𝑡 …і . In case of characterizes the degree of absorption of innovations successful implementation of the innovation project diffusion by the enterprise (𝑑𝐷 , it is obtained the at the initial or later stage of innovations diffusion following (2): due to energy and resource-saving, the agri-food
enterprise will receive income 𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 , and in 𝑑𝑀 …і 𝑉 1 𝑀 → case of unsuccessful implementation and low 𝑑𝐷 management efficiency the agri-enterprise will →𝑀 1 𝑒 , (2)accumulate losses, which will lead to the curtailment of the innovation project and its non-profit. where 𝑉 - the relative rate of maximization of the innovation results perception that is equal to: Assume that in the period 𝑡 …і the agricultural enterprise will accumulate profits that it received in 𝑉 𝜓 𝜏𝑀 , where 𝜓і 𝜏- parameters of the innovation diffusion speed. the course of operating activities at a certain stage of Given the above mathematical transformations, the the innovation project for the innovations diffusion. equation for determining the level of modernization Then in the process of economic and mathematical of innovations will look like (3): modeling of estimating the dynamics of financing measures for the development and implementation of innovative energy and resource-saving projects in 𝑀 , (3) agri-food enterprises, we can use the hypothesis that Thus, in terms of market relations, the positive the amount of investment in these innovations will be dynamics of the level of financial performance directly dependent on the accumulation of funds in indicators in agricultural enterprises determines the projects realized during the term 𝑡 …і . Under such possibility of introducing energy and resource-saving conditions, the structure of the process of innovations in their production processes. In order to implementation of energy and resource-saving analyze the effectiveness of measures for the innovation projects for the innovations diffusion in development and implementation of innovative term 𝑡 …і can be represented by the following projects of energy and resource-saving in agri-food mathematical expressions (6-10): enterprises, it is advisable to build an economic and 𝑑𝐼 . 𝑡 …і mathematical model for assessing the dynamics of 𝛾𝐼 . 𝑡 …і 𝑑 𝑡 …і investment in the innovation diffusion. (6) Suppose that at a certain agri-food enterprise at a 𝑑𝐼 . 𝑡 …і 𝜑𝐼 . 𝑡 …і particular time 𝑡 …і measures are taken to 𝑑𝑡 …і implement energy and resource-saving innovations in (7) 𝑑𝐼 𝑡 production activities 𝐼 . 𝑡 …і . Moreover, the . …і initial start of innovation in time is always calculated 𝑑𝑡 …і at the mark equal to 0. Then the initial effect of the start of innovations 𝜑 𝛾 𝐼 . 𝑡 …і 𝐹 𝑡 …і ∗ 𝑑𝐹 𝑡 diffusion in the enterprise is calculated as (4): ∗ …і 𝑑𝑡 …і (8) 𝑡 max 𝑡 𝑡 , (4) 𝑑𝐹 𝑡 …і 𝑑𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 …і 𝑑𝑡 𝐾∗ 𝑑𝑡 where 𝑡 , and 𝑡 – the initial effect of the …і …і (9) innovations diffusion start in the enterprise relative to the previous period and the period following it; 𝑡 – duration of work.
TEM Journal – Volume 10 / Number 2 / 2021. 753 TEM Journal. Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 751‐756, ISSN 2217‐8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM102‐32, May 2021.
𝑑𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 …і In the case of entering into the calculation system 𝑑𝑡 …і the indicator of the final payback of the project 𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 𝑅 𝑡 …і and operating 𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 …і 𝐹 𝑡 …і 𝐴% 𝑡 …і : 1 𝑇 𝑡 …і 𝐴% 𝑡 …і expenses 𝐶 𝑡 …і , the 𝑑𝐼 𝑡 𝐹 𝑡 …і ∗ . …і 𝑑𝑡 …і condition for implementing the effectiveness of the 𝐹 𝑡 …і (10) innovation project for the innovations diffusion ∗𝐼 . 𝑡 …і , aimed at energy and resource conservation will be as follows (13): where: 𝐼 . - a general set of measures for the implementation and realization of energy and 𝑅 𝑡 …і 𝐶 𝑡 …і ∗ 1 𝑇 𝑡 …і ∗ resource-saving innovative projects, including: 𝛾∗𝐹 𝑡 …і 𝐹 𝑡 …і 0. (13) 𝐼 . - a set of successfully implemented measures and 𝐼 . - a set of unsuccessfully implemented The need to introduce payback indicators of measures; innovative resource-saving project (𝑅) and operating 𝛾and 𝜑 - coefficients of harmony, reflecting the costs (𝐶 ), necessary for its development and level of speed of energy and resource-saving implementation, into the process of economic and innovative projects; mathematical modeling is due to the cost of current 𝐼𝑛𝑐 - profitability from energy and resource- activities 𝐶 ), including reimbursement interest saving; on the loan. In this case, the values of the final 𝐹 – investments attracted in the process of payback of the project and operating costs are diffusion for the implementation of an innovative interdependent. However, deductions by cost project on energy and resource conservation, elements from operating activities are inversely consisting of the initial financing of the project at the proportional to the payback ratio. In particular, the start stage (𝐹 ) and systematic attraction of systematic increase in accounts payable or increase additional funds of investors during the in wages significantly reduces the level and payback implementation of the innovation project (𝐹 ); period of the innovation project over time 𝑡 …і . It is 𝐾 - coefficient of harmony of innovation project also important to note that in case of a significant implementation; increase in operating costs (including loan 𝐼𝑛𝑐- the final profit received from the settlements or an increase in income tax), the income implementation of the innovative project of energy from resource-saving in the process of implementing and resource-saving; an innovative project will have a zero threshold. This 𝐴%- the amount of funds allocated for costs in the leads to the inexpediency of further development, process of implementing an innovative project realization and implementation of energy and (wages, accounts payable, income tax, etc.); resource-saving innovations in the production 𝑇 - depreciation costs in the process of innovative process at the agri-food enterprise. project realization of the agri-industrial enterprise. Thus, taking into account the mathematical expression (13), the process of uninterrupted Taking into account all the mathematical investment attraction for the implementation of an equations, the process of attracting investment to the innovative project on energy and resource-saving in innovative energy and resource-saving project in term 𝑡 …і can be reflected as follows (14): 𝑡 …і can be represented as follows (11): 𝐶 𝑡 …і 𝐶 𝑡 …і 𝑅 𝑡 …і 𝑑𝐹 𝑡 …і , then: 𝐹 𝑡 …і 𝑑𝑡 …і 𝛾 1 𝑇 𝑡 …і ∗𝐹 𝐾 𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 𝐴 𝑡 ∗ (14) …і …і % …і 1 𝑇 𝑡 …і 𝛾 To further substantiate the economic-mathematical 𝐹 𝑡 …і 𝐼 . 𝑡 …і (11) model, we will consider in the process of operational
activity invariant in terms of 𝑡 …і such indicators as In this case, for the positive dynamics of financing the innovative project on energy and resource-saving, 𝐹 ,𝐹 ,𝑅,𝐶 ,𝑇 ,𝐾, and as a result, the the following condition (12) must be met: solution of the system of equations (6-10) will look like (15):
𝐼𝑛𝑐 𝑡 …і 𝐴% 𝑡 …і ∗ 1 𝑇 𝑡 …і 𝛾 𝐹 𝑡 …і 0. (12)
754 TEM Journal – Volume 10 / Number 2 / 2021. TEM Journal. Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 751‐756, ISSN 2217‐8309, DOI: 10.18421/TEM102‐32, May 2021.
Given the above, it is believed that to improve the 𝐼 . 𝑡 …і 𝐼 . exp 𝑅 𝐶 ∗ management of innovative projects for energy and resource-saving in agri-food enterprises, it is necessary to take measures such as: increasing the 𝐹 𝐹 1 𝑇 ∗𝛾∗𝐾∗ 𝐹 𝐹 harmonization of innovative projects by effectively allocating operating costs from current activities while developing a financing mechanism which would minimize investment risks and ultimately 𝜑 𝛾 ∗𝑡 …і, (15) ensure the payback of the innovation project; search for reserves and accumulation of funds in the process where 𝐼 . - a set of management actions at the of innovative projects implementing with increasing initial stage of realization and implementation of an interest rates on loans, increasing income tax for innovative project on energy and resource-saving. agri-food enterprises; reduction of risks due to the In this case, taking into account the mathematical accumulation of funds from the use of energy and expression (14), the condition of positive dynamics resource-saving innovations in entrepreneurial (> 0) of operating costs for an innovative project on activity, which will provide an opportunity to return energy and resource-saving will be as follows (16): foreign investments and interest on them in a timely manner. 𝑅 𝐶 ∗ 1 𝑇 ∗𝛾∗𝐾∗ 𝐹 𝐹 𝜑 𝛾. 4. Conclusion 𝐹 𝐹 (16) As a result of the study, it was concluded that the Based on the equation of the condition of attracting harmonization of strategic management of economic funds positive dynamics to an innovative project for entities requires the introduction of energy and energy and resource-saving in the process of resource-saving innovations in the production operational activities (16), the critical cost of an activities within agri-food enterprises, which is the innovative project (𝐶 ) will be (17-18): main condition for their stable operation and competitiveness. Reduction of operating costs, their 𝐶 𝐶 planning, rational use of labor and material resources 𝐹 𝑡 …і provide a quick payback of innovative projects of 𝑅 𝑡 …і ∗ 𝛾 1 𝑇 𝑡 …і agri-food enterprises in a market economy. It is believed that only those enterprises will be 𝜑 𝐹 𝐹 1 𝛾 ∗ , competitive that use in their current activities the 1 𝑇 𝐾𝐹 (17) practice of resource-saving innovation from the standpoint of a fundamentally new perspective through the reduction of production operating costs 𝐶 and accumulation of cash reserves. Our hypothesis 𝜑 𝐹 𝐶 1 𝛾 ∗ 1 𝑇 𝐾𝐹 formed a new view on the need to solve the focal (18) problems of the resource use process and proved the need to implement integration measures in the current Based on the equation (18), it can be noted that for economic activity aimed at harmonizing innovative the second condition, the critical value of operating projects. Thus, the mathematical calculation of the costs will be 𝐶 𝐶 . Therefore, this indicator process of implementation with regard to innovative is directly proportional to the indicators of the total projects aimed at energy and resource-saving, as well payback of the innovation project, which is as their effective management, is a necessary determined by the ratio of the coefficients of condition for economic growth for agri-food innovation projects harmony φ / γ. enterprises in market conditions.
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