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Carson - Wind River Valley Water Supply by Ivan Donaldson Skamania County Historical Society Carson - Wind River Valley Water Supply
Irrigation flume wends way from Panther Creek toward yet-to-be-built High Bridge over Wind River. Carson - Wind River Valley Water Supply By Ivan Donaldson Skamania County Historical Society Carson - Wind River Valley Water Supply By Ivan Donaldson Skamania County Historical Society E. J. Weigle home north of Carson. (This and other photos presented to Skamania County Historical Museum by Paul Boyd.) Much of the soil of the Carson Valley is a shallow sandy layer deposited on top of the geologically recent Trout Creek Olivine basalt lava flow. This is the lava flow which filled the Wind River canyon to a considerable depth, dammed the Columbia River, and created the Panther Creek reef or lava dike which is described later in this article. The soil, while fertile and productive, dries out quickly and crops grown in this valley require frequent watering in the summertime. Contra to this statement is the knowledge that the early strawberry fields produced well with no irrigation water. During the first decade of the 1900s, entrepreneur and promoter, B. M. Hawley of Home Valley, Washington, and his associates began action upon their dream to convert the heavily timbered Carson Valley into an agricultural paradise. These gentlemen indulged their expensive fantasy to inititate construction of an irrigation flume which to exrend from Panther Creek six to eight miles to the semi-level Carson Valley plain as we know it now in 1984. Carson Water Supply — Page 2 Skamania County records show that on 1 April 1907 B. M. Hawley filed for a water right on Panther Creek, tributary to Wind River, for 60 cubic feet per second of water, giving the point of diversion and stating it was for irrigation, power, and domestic use. -
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Gifford Pinchot National Forest Special Forest Products Map: North Half R. 2 E. R. 3 E. R. 4 E. R. 5 E. R. 6 E. R. 7 E. R. 8 E. R. 9 E. R. 10 E. R. 11 E. Puyallup Point Lower C edar Lake N Aurora Peak Ceda r Lake 6 1 . Swa mp Lake 8 1 6 3 2 Bald Hill Glacier V8 iew 2 . 6 2 1 Alder T Shriner Peak Cou gar Lake Green Hill &M Alder Reservoir 2 6 7 2 Gla4cier View Wilderness 5 8 G 9 obblers Knob 7 2 . 0 4 Reliance H 9 ill 0 Mount Beljica 0 N Mount Wow 0 .1 9 4 0 2 5 Elbe Crag Mountain 1 7409017 &M Ashford . &M 706 5900037 T 0 0 5 Stahl Mountain Tumtum Peak 0 2 0 0 Bald Mountain 0 0 28 4 8 BIG CRE E K 2 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 7400000 0 52 0 6 0 7 Ladd Mou ª 42 4 ntain 5 Mineral Lake Fry "2 ingpan Moun 0 tain 0 9 9 0 Butter 3 0 4 85 Creek RNA 4 0 0 7 5 ª 2 Huckle ª berry Mountain 2 5 7 Roundtop Mo 2 4 untain 2 0 5 2 0 4 Cougar Mo 5 5 2 7 untain 0 .1 &M 5 8 1 2 4 8 50 0 O 0 L 1B 5 sborne Mountain 4 ookout Mountain 16 4 00 7 Jug Lake 41 0 Mineral 0 ª52 0 0 1 1 6 44 9 2 1 5 0 0 84 0 4 4 0 0 A . -
The Jackson Volcano
THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Office of Geology P. 0. Box 20307 Volume 18, Number 3 Jackson, Mississippi 39289-1307 September 1997 THE JACKSON VOLCANO David T. Dockery ID, John C. Marble, and Jack Henderson Mississippi Office of Geology INTRODUCTION One of the most interesting geologic features ofMississippi is the Jackson Volcano, which rests only 2900 feet beneath the state's capital city. The volcano's dense core forms one ofthe most prominent structural anomalies found on gravity and magnetic surveys of the state, showing tightly wrapped con tours of increasing gravity and magnetic deflection like a crowded bull's- eye (Figure l ). This igneous complex and the up Iifted formations around it comprise a structure known as the Jackson Dome. Northwest ofthe Jackson Volcano in southern Humphreys County is the Midnight Volcano and the associ ated volcanic terrain ofthe Sharkey Platform . Dense igneous rock below Jackson and Midnight increase the force ofgravity slightly as shown in Figure I. A person tipping the scales at Jackson or Midnight would be slightly heavier than elsewhere in the state (if anyone would like to use that for an excuse). No other capital city or major population center is situated above an extinct volcano, even though the recent movie "Volcano" fictitiously placed Los Angeles, California, above one. Monroe, Louisiana, is Jackson 's sister city in being a close second, as it rests above a volcanic terrain known as the Monroe Uplift. However, the position ofJackson's downtown district above the throat of an extinct Cretaceous volcano seems to be unique. Ifthe Jackson Volcano were to ever vent itself in the future, the Coliseum would be near ground zero. -
IC-62, Heat Flow Studies in the Steamboat Mountain-Lemei Rock
,. \\ :\ .J ~\ .... 7 \; t,6 i u2 W~~fnffl:RY u.no C ';I, .... DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES i n BERT L. COLE, Commissioner of Public Lands ; RALPH A. BESWICK Supervisor I: s DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON, JR., State Geologist INFORMATION CIRCULAR 62 HEAT FLOW STUDIES IN THE STEAMBOAT MOUNTAIN-LEMEI ROCK AREA, SKAMANIA COUNTY, WASHINGTON BY J. ERIC SCHUSTER, DAVID D. BLACKWELL, PAUL E. HAMMOND, and MARSHALL T. HUNTTING Final report to the NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION on sponsored proiect AER75 ... 02747 1978 STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES BERT L COLE, Commissioner of Public Lands RALPH A. BESWICK Supervisor DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON, JR., State Geologist INFORMATION CIRCULAR WA He<1.t iluw 33.J. -7 stu.diei::,; ln the .M6 t> i Stean, l:on. t --- bJ. ~uu,i ta i u-.Lem~ i 1970 Jiuck d.rea, Skaina11ia Cuunt),, W a i'ii1 i u ~ton HEAT FLOW STUDIES IN THE STEAMBOAT MOUNTAIN-LEMEI ROCK AREA, SKAMANIA COUNTY, WASHINGTON BY J. ERIC SCHUSTER, DAVID D. BLACKWELL, PAUL E. HAMMOND, and MARSHALL T. HUNTTING Final report to the NATIONAL SC !ENCE FOUNDATION on sponsored project AER75-02747 1978 CONTENTS Abstract ................. , . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Introduction ..................................................................... , • . 2 Acknowledgments • • • • • • . • • . • . • • . • . • . • . • . • . • • • • • • . • • • • . • . 3 Geo logy • . • • • • • • . • • • • • • . • • . • • . • . • . • • . • . 4 Genera I features ............................ -
NEON Site-Level Plot Summary Wind River Experimental Forest (WREF)
NEON Site-Level Plot Summary Wind River Experimental Forest (WREF) Document Information Date March 14, 2019 Author Erik Dahlke, Senior Regional Soil Scientist Soil Survey Region 1, Portland, OR Site Background The Wind River Experimental Forest NEON site (WREF) site is approximately 60 kilometers northeast of Vancouver in Skamania County, Washington. The WREF site is at the United States Forest Service (USFS) Pacific Northwest Research Station – Wind River Experimental Station in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest (GPNF). WREF covers roughly 10,360 acres within Major Land Resource Area 3 (MLRA 3) – Olympic and Cascade Mountains. Most of the area lacks a Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey; a small portion occurs within the 1990 Soil Survey of Skamania County, Area, Washington (WA659). A USFS Soil Resource Inventory (SRI) is available for GPNF. This product, produced at a smaller scale than NRCS soil maps, provides inventory information for geology, landform, and slope, as well as general soil groupings. Site Information The WREF site has varied relief. Elevation and slope ranges were derived from a digital elevation model (DEM), and range from slightly less than 300 meters to over 1275 meters; slope gradients range from 0 to more than 90 percent. Mean annual precipitation is between 2200 millimeters to about 3000 millimeters based on data from the PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model) Climate Group at Oregon State University. The WREF site consists of two distinct land areas referred to here as the ‘East Unit’ and ‘West Unit’. The West Unit contains the NEON instrument tower and all but six of the NEON distributed plots. -
Ecological Setting of the Wind River Old-Growth Forest
Ecosystems (2004) 7: 427439 DOI: 10.1007/~10021-004-0135-6 0 2004 Springer-Verlag - Ecological Setting of the Wind River Old-growth Forest David C. shaw,ly2* Jerry F. ~ranklin,'~'Ken ~ible,'.' Jeffrey ~lo~atek,~ Elizabeth Freeman, Sarah ~reene,~and Geoffrey G. parker5 wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility, University of Washington, Carson, Washington 98610, USA; 'college of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2100, USA; '~epartmentof Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1601, USA; 4PacificNorthwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, US Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; 5~mithsonianEnvironmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland 21037-0028, USA The Wind River old-growth forest, in the southern cific yew (86 trees ha-'), western red cedar (30 trees Cascade Range of Washington State, is a cool (av- ha-'), and Pacific silver fir (47 trees ha-'). The av- erage annual temperature, 8.7"C), moist (average erage height of Douglas-fir is 52.0 m (tallest tree, annual precipitation, 2223 mm), 500-year-old 64.6 m), whereas western hemlock averages 19.0 m Douglas-fir-westem hemlock forest of moderate to (tallest tree, 55.7 m). The regional disturbance re- low productivity at 37 1-rn elevation on a less than gime is dominated by high-severity to moderate- 10% slope. There is a seasonal snowpack (Novem- severity fire, from which this forest is thought to ber-March), and rain-on-snow and freezing-rain have originated. There is no evidence that fire has events are common in winter. Local geology is occurred in the forest after establishment. -
Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917
Department of the Interior U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY—REDUCING THE RISK FROM VOLCANO HAZARDS A Sight “Fearfully Grand”—Eruptions of Lassen Peak, California, 1914 to 1917 n May 22, 1915, a large explosive Oeruption at the summit of Lassen Peak, California, the southernmost active volcano in the Cascade Range, devastated nearby areas and rained volcanic ash as far away as 280 miles to the east. This explosion was the most powerful in a series of eruptions during 1914–17 that were the last to occur in the Cascade Range before the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. A century after the Lassen eruptions, work by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists in cooperation with the National Park Service is shedding new light on these events. Lassen Peak in Lassen Volcanic National Park, northern California, is the Lassen Peak in northern California produced a series of eruptions during 1914–17. The larg- largest of a group of more than 30 lava domes est of those eruptions, on May 22, 1915, blasted rock fragments and pumice high into the air erupted in that area during the past 300,000 and rained fine volcanic ash as far away as Elko, Nevada, 280 miles (450 km) to the east. This years. These steep-sided accumulations of photograph, taken from the town of Red Bluff, 40 miles (65 km) west of the volcano, shows the volcanic rock were created by the pushing huge eruption column of ash and gas, which rose to a height of more than 30,000 feet (9,000 m). up of lava too viscous to flow away from its (Photograph by R.E. -
Glacier Peak — History and Hazards of a Cascade Volcano
USG S U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY — REDUCING RISK FROM VOLCANO HAZARDS Glacier Peak — History and Hazards of a Cascade Volcano lacier Peak is the most Gremote of the five active volcanoes in Washington State. It is not prominently visible from any major popu- lation center, and so its attractions, as well as its hazards, tend to be over- looked. Yet since the end of the last ice age, Glacier Peak has produced some of the largest and most explosive eruptions in the state. During this time period, Glacier Peak has erupted multiple times during at least six separate Baker episodes, most recently Pacific Ocean about 300 years ago. What Glacier Peak lies in Washington State’s North Cascade Mountains, were these eruptions like? Glacier in the heart of a wilderness area bearing its name. Its past Peak Could similar ones affect us eruptions have melted snow and ice to inundate downstream today? Scientists from the valleys with rocks, mud, and debris. Large eruptions from Glacier Rainier U.S. Geological Survey Peak have deposited ash throughout much of the western United St. Helens States and southwestern Canada. Photo by D.R. Mullineaux, USGS. Adams (USGS) are working to WASHINGTON answer these questions and Glacier Peak lies only 70 miles help prepare for future northeast of Seattle—closer to that city activity. than any volcano except Mount Rainier. Since the continental ice sheets receded But unlike Mount Rainier, it rises only a from the region, Glacier Peak has erupted The stunning snow-capped volcanoes few thousand feet above neighboring repeatedly during at least six episodes. -
Experimental Forests and Ranges of the USDA Forest Service
United States Department of Experimental Forests and Ranges Agriculture Forest Service of the USDA Forest Service Northeastern Research Station General Technical Report NE-321 Revised Abstract The USDA Forest Service has an outstanding scientific resource in the 79 Experimental Forests and Ranges that exist across the United States and its territories. These valuable scientific resources incorporate a broad range of climates, forest types, research emphases, and history. This publication describes each of the research sites within the Experimental Forests and Ranges network, providing information about history, climate, vegetation, soils, long-term data bases, research history and research products, as well as identifying collaborative opportunities, and providing contact information. The Compilers MARY BETH ADAMS, soil scientist, LINDA H. LOUGHRY, secretary, LINDA L. PLAUGHER, support services supervisor, USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Timber and Watershed Laboratory, Parsons, West Virginia. Manuscript received for publication 17 November 2003 Published by: For additional copies: USDA FOREST SERVICE USDA Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073-3294 359 Main Road September 2004 Delaware, OH 43015-8640 Revised March 2008 Fax: (740)368-0152 Revised publication available in CD-ROM only Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us Experimental Forests and Ranges of the USDA Forest Service Compiled by: Mary Beth Adams Linda Loughry Linda Plaugher Contents Introduction -
Lassen Peak Trail
L A Lassen Peak Trail Zig-zagging 2.2 miles to the top of one of the world's largest plug domes, the Lassen Peak Trail offers magnificent vistas of a land of vol £ canoes, mountain forests and sparkling lakes. Four types of volcanoes can be seen from the trail. The summit of the peak is crowned by several craters and the lava flow of 1915. A round trip takes about four hours for the average person. A slow E pace is advised at this elevation (8,500 to 10,457). For your comfort, take suntan lotion, dark glasses, a hat, water and a wind breaker. Be prepared for strong winds at the summit, even though it may be calm when you "start on your trip. PLEASE stay on the trail. N The Circle of Fire Lassen Peak lies at the southern tip of the Cascade Range, a series of volcanic mountains that extend through Northern California, Oregon, Washington and on into Canada. Lassen and the Cascade Range are in turn a part of the Circle of Fire, a series of volcanoes that ring the Pacific Ocean. They owe their existence to the drifting of the con P tinents upon the earth's crust. Thus, Asia and America are moving closer together and overriding the floor of the Pacific Ocean. Tremendous forces are at work, faults occur and molten material, per haps from the ocean floor that has dipped below the Pacific Coast, can E return to the earth's surface as lava. Today the Lassen region is a land of earthquakes and volcanoes, but it has not always been so. -
Field Trip Guide to the Middle Eocene Wildcat Mountain Caldera, Ochoco National Forest, Crook County, Oregon by Jason D
Field trip guide to the middle Eocene Wildcat Mountain Caldera, Ochoco National Forest, Crook County, Oregon by Jason D. McClaughry1, Caroline L. Gordon2, and Mark L. Ferns1 1Baker City Field Office, Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, Baker County Courthouse, 1995 3rd Street, Baker City, Oregon 97814 2Ochoco National Forest, 3160 NE 3rd St., Prineville, Oregon 97754 Overview: This field trip examines the stratigraphy of the middle Eocene Wildcat Mountain caldera exposed east of Prineville, in the Ochoco Mountains of north-central Oregon. Geologic factors that control landslide deposits and mineralization in the east part of the Lower Crooked Basin are discussed. This field trip is 152.7 km (94.9 mi). INTRODUCTION 124o 121o 118o KBML The Wildcat Mountain caldera, in the eastern part of the Lower Portland Crooked Basin, is a volcanic vent complex that collapsed and DCP filled with more than 90 km3 (21.5 mi3) of rhyolitic ash-flow BM 45o WV tuff during the middle Eocene. It is one of only a few caldera 3. Dale Baker City sources for Paleogene ash-flow tuff sheets identified in Oregon and is the first recognized to be Eocene (Figure 1) (Hladky and SFZ 1. 2. CR Unity Wiley, 1993; Hladky, 1996; Ferns and others, 2001; McClaughry Eugene Cougar and Ferns, 2007). Until recently, the lack of Paleogene calderas Prineville Rock WC HC in Oregon was a noteworthy anomaly considering that nu- HLP merous Paleogene calderas have been mapped elsewhere in BFZ OU the western United States. Several Paleogene calderas have 4. BR been identified in adjacent Idaho (McIntyre and others, 1982; KM KBML Leonard and Marvin, 1982; Moye and others, 1988), and many Hart Mountain more have been identified farther south in volcanic fields of the 42o 5. -
Wind River Research Natural Area Was Standard Road Which Leads North from Forest Established on March 28, 1934, to Exemplify the Road N417 About 0.8 Km
Federal Research Natural Areas in Oregon and Washington A Guidebook for Scientists and Educators. 1972. Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon. the south via the Columbia River (U.S. Highway 830), Carson, and the Wind River valley, following Forest Highway 30 and Forest Road N411 to Hemlock Ranger Station (Wind River Ranger District). Just west of the ranger station Old-growth Douglas-fir - western turn onto Forest Road N417, which crosses the hemlock stands growing in a valley in southwestern corner of the natural area about 3.2 the southern Washington Cascade km. (2 miles) from the station (fig. WR-1). The Range. eastern edge of the natural area can be reached and is crossed by Forest Road N400, a low The Wind River Research Natural Area was standard road which leads north from Forest established on March 28, 1934, to exemplify the Road N417 about 0.8 km. (0.5 mile) west of the old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) - ranger station. western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) forests A trail crosses section 20 and follows the which originally covered many valleys in western northern edge of section 21, connecting Forest Washington's Cascade Range. The 478-ha. Roads N417 and N400 and providing access to (l,180-acre) tract is located in Skamania County, the southern half of the natural area. The Washington, and is administered by the Wind northern half is probably easiest to reach by River Ranger District (Carson, Washington), cross-country travel from Forest Road N 46 Gifford Pinchot National Forest. It is also a part which climbs the eastern slopes of Trout Creek of the Wind River Experimental Forest, a 4,380- Hill just west of the natural area boundary.