Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Female Reproductive System II. Keywords III. Slides A. 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre- b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta

d. Umbilical cord Fig 22-1, Junqueira, 13th ed. 3. / B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure Antrum Myoepithelial cells 2. Follicles Atretic follicle a. Pre-ovulation Basal layer Ovary b. Post-ovulation Cervix Corona radiata Placenta B. Genital Tract Primary follicle 1. Uterine tube Primary 2. Uterus Primordial (resting) follicle a. General structure Ectocervix Secondary (antral) follicle b. Phases Endometrial glands Secondary oocyte i. Proliferative Spiral arteries ii. Secretory Fibrous support tissue Surface (germinal) epithelium iii. Menstrual Follicle c. Placenta Theca folliculi d. Umbilical cord Follicular cells 3. Cervix/Vagina Functional layer Theca lutein cells Granulosa cells Uterine (fallopian) tube B. Breast (Mammary Gland) Granulosa lutein cells Uterus 1. General structure Lactiferous duct Cervix/Vagina 2. Phases Mammary gland Zona granulosa a. Resting Mature (Graafian) follicle b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 172 (NW): Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides surface (germinal) A. Ovary epithelium 1. General structure 2. Follicles cortex a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation medulla B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus ovarian a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory (containing vessels) entering ovarian hilum iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord uterine tube 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting the consist of an outer cortex containing ovarian follicles in various stages of development; the medulla b. Active is devoid of follicles and is composed of loose CT with large blood vessels that enter the ovary at the hilum; c. Lactating despite what is seen on the slide above, the distinction between cortex and medulla is not always apparent IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract surface epithelium 1. Uterine tube tunica albuginea 2. Uterus a. General structure stroma of cortex b. Phases primordial follicle i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the cortex of the ovary is surrounded by a layer of dense CT called the tunica albuginea (Lt. “white coat”); a. Resting covering the tunica is a layer of simple cuboidal epithelium simply referred to as surface epithelium (historically known as germinal epithelium – a misnomer); the surface epithelium is continuous with the b. Active peritoneal mesothelial cells (simple squamous) of the mesovarium at the ovarian hilum; the stroma of the cortex c. Lactating is a cell-rich connective tissue found between the follicles IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides mature (Graafian) follicle A. Ovary at least for demonstration 1. General structure purposes 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube secondary (antral) follicle 2. Uterus a. General structure primary follicle b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta primordial (resting) d. Umbilical cord follicles 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases ovarian are the basic functional units of the ovary; each follicle contains an oocyte surrounded by a. Resting follicles epithelial cells (follicular or granulosa cells, depending upon developmental stage); the appearance of the b. Active follicles differ greatly – as seen above – depending upon their stage of (follicle maturation) c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide (A215): Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles primary follicle a. Pre-ovulation (unilaminar) b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube secondary (antral) follicle 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory primordial follicles iii. Menstrual c. Placenta primary follicle d. Umbilical cord (multilaminar) 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting primordial follicles are generally localized in the outer cortex – directly below the tunica albuginea; as the follicles develop they “migrate” deeper into the ovary, toward the medulla, and undergo profound changes to the b. Active size of the oocyte as well as changes to the surrounding granulosa (follicular) epithelial cells, making it possible c. Lactating to identify the different follicular stages IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure oocyte 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation follicular cell b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus nucleolus within of oocyte a. General structure nucleus b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure primordial (resting) follicles consist of a primary oocyte (arrested in prophase I) surrounded by a layer of 2. Phases simple squamous follicular cells upon a basement membrane separating the follicle from the surrounding a. Resting stroma; the oocyte contains minimal cytoplasm surrounding a large nucleus with a prominent nucleolus; b. Active starting at puberty, about 30 primordial follicles will begin folliculogenesis each month (); however, it will take at least 3 months for any of the follicles to fully develop into a mature follicle for ovulation, c. Lactating and the majority will all undergo atresia IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide (A215): Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles primordial follicle a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract squamous epithelial follicular cell 1. Uterine tube of a primordial follicle 2. Uterus cuboidal epithelial a. General structure of a primary follicle b. Phases i. Proliferative primary follicle ii. Secretory (granulosa cells are beginning to stratify) iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord zona pellucida surrounding oocyte 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases as primordial follicles mature into primary follicles three significant changes are visually apparent: (1) there a. Resting is a substantial increase in the size of the oocyte – due to cytoplasmic expansion; (2) the squamous follicular cells b. Active become cuboidal/columnar cells, with eosinophilic, slightly granular cytoplasm (so called granulosa cells), c. Lactating which will begin to stratify; (3) the zona pellucida forms around the oocyte IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary theca folliculi 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation granulosa cells b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract nucleus and nucleolus 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus zona pellucida a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases each month about 30 primary follicles develop; the oocyte produces a thick coat known as the a. Resting zona pellucida (Lt. “transparent zone”); the cuboidal/columnar epithelial granulosa cells surround the oocyte b. Active as either a single layer or multilayered (collectively referred to as the zona granulosa); connective tissue c. Lactating stromal cells surrounding the follicle form the theca folliculi (Lt. “coat of the follicle”) IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation secondary (antral) follicle B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory multilaminar primary follicle iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the granulosa cells of the multilaminar primary follicle begin producing a fluid rich in hyaluronic acid; the fluid a. Resting eventually coalesces into a single cavity within the zona granulosa known as the follicular antrum; the antrum b. Active serves as the defining characteristic of a secondary (or antral) follicle c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles theca externa a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation theca interna B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube follicular antrum 2. Uterus (containing liquor folliculi) a. General structure corona radiata b. Phases i. Proliferative zona pellucida ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual the oocyte is so large c. Placenta that the nucleus is not d. Umbilical cord seen due to sectioning 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure secondary (antral) follicles (now FSH dependent) are characterized by a fluid-filled follicular antrum within 2. Phases the zona granulosa; the granulosa cells that remain adjacent to the zona pellucida are known as the corona (Lt. “crown with rays”) – which will be ovulated with the oocyte; the divides into two a. Resting radiata theca folliculi specific layers: the theca externa, with normal fibrous CT, and the theca interna, containing steroid-producing b. Active cells that are larger and paler-staining; the theca interna cells lack aromatase so produce that diffuse c. Lactating to the aromatase-containing epithelial granulosa cells to be converted into (estradiol) IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides primary or secondary follicle? A. Ovary examine this follicle closely; notice 1. General structure that the “space” is between the 2. Follicles zona pellucida and oocyte – this is a. Pre-ovulation not an antrum; this is a b. Post-ovulation multilaminar primary follicle B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube cumulus oophorus (Lt. “egg-bearing mound”) 2. Uterus is the pedestal of granulosa a. General structure cells between the oocyte and b. Phases follicular wall i. Proliferative ii. Secretory corona radiata iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord follicular antrum 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases each month, from the pool of secondary follicles a single follicle will continue to develop into the mature a. Resting (Graafian) follicle which will be ovulated – on routine slides it is generally arbitrary to define a follicle as a b. Active Graafian follicle; the follicular antrum greatly expands, causing the follicle to fill the cortex and creating an outward bulge of the ovarian surface; in response to a surge of LH, the follicle ruptures and releases the oocyte c. Lactating and surrounding corona radiata; it takes at least 90 days for a primordial follicle to develop to the Graafian stage IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides general features of A. Ovary atretic follicles: 1. General structure 2. Follicles oocyte appears to a. Pre-ovulation be degenerating b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract zona pellucida collapses but 1. Uterine tube persists longer than oocyte 2. Uterus a. General structure debris begins to fill the b. Phases antrum i. Proliferative ii. Secretory glassy membrane: thickening of iii. Menstrual basement membrane between c. Placenta granulosa cells and theca folliculi d. Umbilical cord disaggregation of tightly- 3. Cervix/Vagina packed granulosa cells B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting overall, more than 99% of all follicles will undergo a form of programmed cell death called atresia; this can occur b. Active at any stage of folliculogenesis, so the appearance of an atretic follicle depends upon the stage of follicular c. Lactating development reached before undergoing degeneration; additionally, it is important to distinguish between true atresia from simple artifacts of slide preparation IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 13: Ovary, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation corpus luteum B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus secondary (antral) follicle a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases after ovulation, the follicle forms a large corpus luteum (Lt. “yellow body”); the granulosa cells greatly increase a. Resting in size and become granulosa lutein cells, while the theca interna cells also increase in size and become theca lutein cells; the basement membrane between the granulosa cells and theca interna breaks down, vasculature b. Active invades, and the structure takes on the general appearance of an endocrine organ; the corpus luteum will last 12- c. Lactating 14 days unless has occurred and HCG from the placenta prevents it from degenerating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 58: Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles look here to see a. Pre-ovulation granulosa lutein cells b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus look here to see a. General structure theca lutein cells b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases as the granulosa and theca cells undergo hypertrophy (increase in cell size), large folds of the tissue occur along a. Resting the periphery of the corpus luteum; the granulosa cells form the bulk of the gland with the theca interna cells b. Active becoming located within the crevices between the folds and around the periphery c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 58: Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure granulosa lutein cells b. Phases (light-staining) i. Proliferative ii. Secretory theca lutein cells iii. Menstrual c. Placenta (dark-staining) d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the corpus luteum is responsible for production and the of the menstrual cycle – a. Resting driving development of the endometrium of the uterus; the luteal cells have the characteristic appearance of b. Active steroid-producing cells: the granulosa lutein cells, the majority of the luteal cells, secrete progesterone and c. Lactating estrogens; the theca lutein cells secrete progesterone and androgens, as they lack aromatase to form estrogens IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 173 (NW): Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords Additional Slides to Examine III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure Slide 79 (464): Ovary, H&E 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases Slide 24a (464): Ovary, H&E i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) notice how large the corpora lutea are within 1. General structure the ovaries – they grow to occupy the majority 2. Phases of the area seen on the slides and are much a. Resting larger than any of the follicles seen b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 61: Ovary, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure (benign follicle cyst) 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation corpora albicantia B. Genital Tract (dense fibrous CT “scars”) 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases corpus luteum i. Proliferative (steroid-producing cells) ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases if a pregnancy does not occur, about 10 days after ovulation the corpus luteum begins to degenerate and is a. Resting invaded by fibrous connective tissue to form an inactive corpus albicans (Lt. “whitening body”); if a pregnancy b. Active does occur, the corpus luteum will become much larger and persist longer before becoming a corpus albicans, c. Lactating which can then persists for years within the ovary IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 78 (464): Ovary – Post-menopausal, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract corpus albicans 1. Uterine tube (dense fibrous CT) 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure in the post-menopausal ovary seen on the slide above, notice the absence of nearly all follicles in the cortex, 2. Phases demonstrating that virtually all follicles eventually undergo atresia; several small corpora albicantia can be a. Resting seen on the slide in addition to the large corpus albicans identified above; considering the several decades of b. Active ovulations, the fact that only a few corpora albicantia are present (instead of several hundred) demonstrates that c. Lactating most completely regress into the stroma IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 145: , H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles mucosa a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube muscularis (inner circular and outer longitudinal layers) 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases serosa continuous with i. Proliferative the broad ligament ii. Secretory () iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases uterine tubes (Fallopian tubes) extend from the uterus out toward the ovaries; they are the normal site of a. Resting fertilization, as they are responsible for “capturing” the ovulated ovum from the ovary and conducting it to the b. Active uterus; which pass through the cervix and enter the uterus can swim into either uterine tube, but since c. Lactating only one ovary ovulated, only one uterine tube will have an ovum, so half the sperm will go “up the wrong tube” IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus Slide 60 (low): Oviduct, Ampulla a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory Ovary iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting Uterus b. Active c. Lactating Slide 59: Oviduct, Isthmus IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 145: Fallopian Tube, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary lamina propria 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation peg cell (non-ciliated) B. Genital Tract wedged (i.e., like a peg) 1. Uterine tube between two ciliated cells 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta ciliated columnar cell d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the highly-folded mucosa of the uterine tube consists of two epithelial cell types: secretory non-ciliated peg a. Resting cells that produce the nutritive fluid for support of the ovum and fertilization, and ciliated columnar cells b. Active which rhythmically beat to move fluid and the ovum toward the uterus (a 3 day journey), aided by the peristaltic c. Lactating contraction of the muscularis IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 1: Uterus, Trichrome I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation endometrium b. Post-ovulation (mucosa) B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual myometrium () c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina perimetrium B. Breast (Mammary Gland) (serosa) 1. General structure 2. Phases the uterus is composed of: an inner mucosal lining called the endometrium; a thick, muscular middle layer a. Resting called the myometrium; and an outer serosa, or visceral peritoneum, called the perimetrium; the endometrium b. Active changes dramatically throughout the menstrual cycle, varying in thickness from 1-5mm, while the myometrium – the thickest layer (despite what is seen in the slide above) – is relatively static throughout the cycle but increases c. Lactating greatly in size during pregnancy IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 177 (NW): Proliferative Endometrium, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary ciliated simple 1. General structure columnar epithelium 2. Follicles CT stroma a. Pre-ovulation (lamina propria) b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract lighter-staining 1. Uterine tube functional layer 2. Uterus of endometrium a. General structure darker-staining b. Phases basal layer i. Proliferative of endometrium ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the mucosal endometrium is composed of two layers: the apical functional layer and the deeper basal layer a. Resting which borders the myometrium; the basal layer undergoes little change throughout the menstrual cycle and is b. Active not shed during menstruation; the functional layer, on the other hand, varies greatly throughout the cycle, c. Lactating both in thickness and in appearance, and it is shed during menstruation if pregnancy has not occurred IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 176 (NW): Repair Endometrium, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract spiral artery 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure endometrial b. Phases gland i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases spiral arteries are found extending from the basal layer into the functional layer of the endometrium; these a. Resting highly-coiled arteries given off numerous branches supplying blood to the functional layer; the arteries are b. Active responsive to hormonal changes and, in the absence of progesterone, will undergo constriction leading to c. Lactating ischemia of the functional layer, which then is shed during menstruation IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 177 (NW): Proliferative Endometrium, H&E II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation • days 5-14 of cycle B. Genital Tract • corresponds with follicular 1. Uterine tube phase of ovary 2. Uterus • influenced by from a. General structure ovarian follicles b. Phases • few glands in endometrium i. Proliferative glands generally appear long ii. Secretory • and straight iii. Menstrual c. Placenta • lots of space between glands d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 178 (NW): Secretory Endometrium, H&E II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation • days 15-28 of cycle b. Post-ovulation • corresponds with luteal B. Genital Tract phase of ovary 1. Uterine tube • influenced by progesterone 2. Uterus from corpus luteum a. General structure b. Phases • more numerous glands in endometrium i. Proliferative ii. Secretory • glands often appear jagged iii. Menstrual and coiled and begin to fill c. Placenta with mucus d. Umbilical cord • presence of thin-walled, 3. Cervix/Vagina blood-filled lacunae in B. Breast (Mammary Gland) stroma 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 178 (NW): Secretory Endometrium, H&E II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles small, thin-walled lacuna a. Pre-ovulation which will continue to b. Post-ovulation enlarge and fill with blood B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative endometrial gland ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord spiral artery 3. Cervix/Vagina (arteriole) B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 82: Late Secretory Endometrium, H&E II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube blood-filled lacunae 2. Uterus are larger and more a. General structure conspicuous b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta mucous secretory d. Umbilical cord product within lumen 3. Cervix/Vagina of endometrial gland B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Slide 83: Endometrium, H&E II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation • days 1-4 of cycle b. Post-ovulation • corresponds with start of B. Genital Tract of ovary 1. Uterine tube influenced by rapid drop in 2. Uterus • hormone levels by degeneration a. General structure of corpus luteum b. Phases i. Proliferative • constriction of spiral arteries leads to ischemia of functional ii. Secretory layer with a characteristic iii. Menstrual pooling of blood from the c. Placenta lacunae into the stroma d. Umbilical cord • functional layer will slough off 3. Cervix/Vagina as menses B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 81: Endometrium, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory thin endometrium iii. Menstrual with sparse, small c. Placenta endometrial glands d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting by the end of the menstrual phase, the functional layer of the endometrial has been shed and all that remains is a b. Active thin layer of the endometrium consisting largely of stroma with only a few small, inconspicuous endometrial c. Lactating glands present IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 31a (464): Placenta – Pre-term, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides artifact A. Ovary of slide 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting development of the placenta involves both fetal and maternal tissue contributions; the principal structures of the placenta are the vast number of branched containing fetal vessels continuous with the vessels b. Active chorionic villi of the umbilical cord; maternal blood in the intervillous spaces allows for nutrient, waste, and gas exchange c. Lactating between the fetal and maternal circulations across the thin layers of tissue of the chorionic villi walls IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 187 (NW): Umbilical Cord, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles umbilical vein a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract umbilical artery 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure Wharton’s jelly b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory amnion iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the umbilical cord consists primarily of two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein; like in the pulmonary a. Resting circulation, the oxygenation levels in the vessels are opposite those found elsewhere in the systemic circulation b. Active (i.e., umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood and umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood); the vessels are c. Lactating embedded within a mesenchymal ground substance known as Wharton’s jelly (also contains potent stem cells) IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 133: Cervix Uteri, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary cut edge 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation uterus b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube endocervix 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual endocervical glands c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord ectocervix 3. Cervix/Vagina (exocervix) B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting vagina b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 181 (NW): Cervix Uteri, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract dense CT with 1. Uterine tube little smooth 2. Uterus muscle a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta vagina uterus d. Umbilical cord lined with 3. Cervix/Vagina ectocervical mucosa lined with endocervical mucosa simple columnar epithelium B. Breast (Mammary Gland) stratified squamous epithelium 1. General structure 2. Phases the cervix (Lt. “neck”) is the most inferior part of the uterus and projects into the vagina; the is a. Resting lined by the endocervical mucosa with underlying mucous endocervical glands (changes in mucus during the menstrual cycle are an indication of ovulation and fertile days); the bulges into the vagina and is lined b. Active ectocervix by the ectocervical mucosa; the transition area (squamocolumnar junction) between the two types of c. Lactating epithelium is more inferior in younger females, increasing the susceptibility to infections of the genital tract IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 183 (NW): Vagina, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles stratified squamous a. Pre-ovulation epithelium b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract lamina propria 1. Uterine tube (lacks glands) 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases i. Proliferative muscularis contains bundles of ii. Secretory smooth muscle iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the vagina (Lt. “sheath”) is the inferior aspect of the genital tract, joining it to the external body surface; the wall a. Resting of the vagina consists of stratified squamous epithelium overlying thick bundles of smooth muscle that form the b. Active bulk of the vaginal wall; the vaginal wall lacks glands, so vaginal mucus is produced by the endocervical glands c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 190 (NW): Breast - Lactating, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles interlobular a. Pre-ovulation (terminal) duct b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube lobule 2. Uterus (terminal duct lobular unit) a. General structure b. Phases interlobular tissue i. Proliferative (dense CT) ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta lactiferous duct d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting each of the paired, compound tubuloacinar mammary glands consists of 15-20 lobes drained by lactiferous b. Active ducts which drain into lactiferous sinuses at the nipple; the lobes are separated by dense CT into lobules containing intralobular ducts that empty into larger interlobular ducts (which coalesce into lactiferous ducts) c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 190 (NW): Breast - Lactating, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary secretory 1. General structure acinus 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation duct B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure b. Phases myoepithelial i. Proliferative cell ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases within each lobule are secretory acini and ducts, however distinguishing between them can be difficult a. Resting depending upon the level of mammary gland activity; surrounding both the acini and ducts are myoepithelial b. Active cells – within the basement membrane, unlike the myofibroblasts seen in the testis; the myoepithelial cells are c. Lactating contractile and assist in moving the secretory product (milk) out of the glands and toward the nipple IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 189 (NW): Breast - Resting, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles adipose a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus lobule a. General structure (primarily ducts) b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting the resting mammary gland consists of small lobules generally surrounded by large amounts of connective b. Active tissue stroma and adipose tissue; most of the glandular tissue is ducts with few developed secretory acini c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 108: Breast - Pregnancy, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary 1. General structure 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation CT septa b. Post-ovulation between lobules B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube lobule 2. Uterus a. General structure adipose b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases during pregnancy, the active mammary gland begins proliferating, greatly increasing the size of the lobules by a. Resting growth of the secretory acini at the ends of the intralobular ducts; the amount of surrounding connective tissue b. Active stroma is reduced, and there is an increasing numbers of cells – especially plasma cells – found within the tissue c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Slide 190 (NW): Breast - Lactating, H&E I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary milk in 1. General structure intralobular duct 2. Follicles a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract milk in 1. Uterine tube lactiferous duct 2. Uterus a. General structure lobule b. Phases i. Proliferative thin CT septa ii. Secretory between lobules iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord 3. Cervix/Vagina B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases the lactating mammary gland has greatly enlarged lobules with only thin septa of stromal CT between them; a. Resting the lumens of both the secretory portions and duct portions of the gland are filled with eosinophilic milk b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Common Confusion: I. Introduction Seminal vesicle vs. Uterine tube II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary Seminal vesicle: secretory gland of male reproductive tract, producing majority of seminal fluid volume; consists of single 1. General structure tube coiled upon itself; joins with ductus deferens to form 2. Follicles ejaculatory duct a. Pre-ovulation b. Post-ovulation Look for: (1) general appearance of multiple lumens as result of coiling of tube; (2) highly-folded mucosa, often having fine B. Genital Tract “honeycomb” appearance; (3) non-ciliated pseudostratified 1. Uterine tube columnar epithelium with lipid droplets in cytoplasm giving 2. Uterus “foamy” appearance; (4) lipofuscin pigment is often seen in mucosa a. General structure b. Phases Seminal vesicle i. Proliferative ii. Secretory Uterine or Fallopian tube (ampulla): tube leading from iii. Menstrual uterus toward ovary; tube transmits ovum to uterus and is c. Placenta the usual site of fertilization, usually in the ampulla d. Umbilical cord Look for: (1) single-lumen tube surrounded by generally 3. Cervix/Vagina well-defined muscularis; (2) mucosal folds often appear B. Breast (Mammary Gland) “thicker” than in seminal vesicle due to more lamina propria; 1. General structure (3) ciliated simple columnar and non-ciliated peg cells present in epithelium; (4) size of muscularis changes with 2. Phases region of tube, generally thin in ampulla and thick in isthmus a. Resting b. Active Uterine tube c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 I. Introduction Characteristics of the Uterine Wall throughout the Menstrual Cycle II. Keywords III. Slides A. Ovary Time (Days) of Influencing Thickness of Endometrial Vasculature 1. General structure Cycle Hormones Endometrium Glands 2. Follicles Proliferative a. Pre-ovulation phase b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract 1. Uterine tube 2. Uterus a. General structure Secretory phase b. Phases i. Proliferative ii. Secretory iii. Menstrual c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord Menstrual 3. Cervix/Vagina phase B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure 2. Phases a. Resting b. Active c. Lactating IV. Summary Lab 17 – Female Reproductive System IUSM – 2016 Compare and Contrast Structures of the Female Reproductive System I. Introduction Structures Compare/Contrast II. Keywords III. Slides Primordial follicle vs. A. Ovary Primary follicle 1. General structure 2. Follicles Primary follicle vs. a. Pre-ovulation Secondary follicle b. Post-ovulation B. Genital Tract Secondary follicle vs. 1. Uterine tube Mature follicle 2. Uterus a. General structure Corpus luteum vs. b. Phases Corpus albicans i. Proliferative

ii. Secretory Uterine tube vs. iii. Menstrual Seminal vesicle (male) c. Placenta d. Umbilical cord Functional layer vs. 3. Cervix/Vagina Basal layer B. Breast (Mammary Gland) 1. General structure Resting mammary gland vs. 2. Phases Lactating mammary gland a. Resting b. Active Proliferative phase vs. c. Lactating Secretory phase IV. Summary