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IB Process Plant Study Page 2 of 107
Industrial Biotechnology Process Plant Study March 2015 A report for: The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), The Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Innovate UK and The Industrial Biotechnology Leadership Forum (IBLF). Authors: David Turley1, Adrian Higson1, Michael Goldsworthy1, Steve Martin2, David Hough2, Davide De Maio1 1 NNFCC 2 Inspire Biotech Approval for release: Adrian Higson Disclaimer While NNFCC and Inspire biotech considers that the information and opinions given in this work are sound, all parties must rely on their own skill and judgement when making use of it. NNFCC will not assume any liability to anyone for any loss or damage arising out of the provision of this report. NNFCC NNFCC is a leading international consultancy with expertise on the conversion of biomass to bioenergy, biofuels and bio-based products. NNFCC, Biocentre, Phone: +44 (0)1904 435182 York Science Park, Fax: +44 (0)1904 435345 Innovation Way, E: [email protected] Heslington, York, Web: www.nnfcc.co.uk YO10 5DG. IB Process Plant Study Page 2 of 107 Acknowledgement NNFCC wishes to acknowledge the input of the many stakeholders who provided information on the pilot scale equipment present in their respective facilities and more specifically the following stakeholders who gave of their time and experience, either in the workshop, or in one-to-one discussions with the project team. We would like to thank all for their valued input. Sohail Ali Plymouth Marine Laboratory Mike Allen Plymouth Marine Laboratory -
Is Factory Farming Making Us Sick? IS FACTORY FARMING MAKING US SICK?
Is Factory Farming making us sick? IS FACTORY FARMING MAKING US SICK? A Guide to Animal Diseases and their Impact on Human Health 1 Photo by Engin Akyurt Contents Introduction 4 Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) 6 Bovine TB 8 BSE 10 Campylobacter 12 E. Coli (O157: H7) 14 Foot and Mouth Disease 16 Johne’s Disease 18 Meningitis 20 MRSA 22 Nipah 24 Q Fever 25 Salmonella 26 Swine Flu 28 Other Zoonotic Diseases 30 We can change 32 References 34 2 Is Factory Farming making us sick? 3 Photo by Ethan Kent Introduction The majority of farmed animals in the UK In recent years, animal farming has are reared intensively, inside crowded, filthy brought us outbreaks of BSE, bovine sheds which are the perfect environment TB, foot and mouth, bird flu, swine flu, for bacteria and viruses to flourish. Stressed campylobacter, salmonella and many by their surroundings and their inability more devastating diseases. No wonder to display natural behaviours, forced to the United Nations Food and Agriculture live in their own excrement alongside sick Organization has warned that global and dying animals, it is not surprising that industrial meat production poses a serious farmed animals are vulnerable to infection. threat to human health3. Their immunity is further weakened by the industry breeding from just a few CREATING ANTIBIOTIC high-yielding strains, which has led to genetic erosion. This makes it easier for RESISTANCE disease to sweep swiftly through a group Instead of protecting of animals, who are likely to share near- ourselves by changing identical genetics with little immunological how we treat animals resistance. -
Long-Term Experiments
ROTHAMSTED LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS Guide to the Classical and other Long-term experiments, Datasets and Sample Archive Edited by A. J. Macdonald Contributors Andy Macdonald, Paul Poulton, Ian Clark, Tony Scott, Margaret Glendining, Sarah Perryman, Jonathan Storkey, James Bell, Ian Shield, Vanessa McMillan and Jane Hawkins. Rothamsted Research Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK Tel +44 (0) 1582 763133 Fax +44 (0) 1582 760981 www.rothamsted.ac.uk 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 THE CLASSICAL EXPERIMENTS 7 Broadbalk Winter Wheat 7 Broadbalk and Geescroft Wildernesses 19 Park Grass 20 Hoosfield Spring Barley 31 Exhaustion Land 34 Garden Clover 36 OTHER LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS 37 At Rothamsted 37 At Woburn 39 RESERVED AND DISCONTINUED EXPERIMENTS 41 Barnfield 41 Hoosfield Alternate Wheat and Fallow 41 Woburn Market Garden 42 Agdell 42 The Woburn Intensive Cereals Experiments 43 Saxmundham, Rotations I & II 43 Amounts of Straw and Continuous Maize Experiments 44 (Rothamsted and Woburn) METEOROLOGICAL DATA 45 LONG-TERM EXPERIMENTS AS A RESOURCE 45 THE ROTHAMSTED SAMPLE ARCHIVE 47 ELECTRONIC ROTHAMSTED ARCHIVE (e-RA) 49 THE ROTHAMSTED INSECT SURVEY (RIS) 50 UK ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE NETWORK (ECN) 52 NORTH WYKE FARM PLATFORM 53 MAP OF ROTHAMSTED FARM 28 REFERENCES 56 The Rothamsted Long-term Experiments are supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council Front cover under the National Capabilities programme Broadbalk from the air, 2015 2018 © Rothamsted Research grant (BBS/E/C/000J0300), and by the Back cover ISBN 978-1-9996750-0-4 (Print) Lawes Agricultural Trust. Park Grass from the air, 2015 ISBN 978-1-9996750-1-1 (Online) 2 FOREWORD It is a testament to the foresight and Managing and documenting these experiments commitment of Sir John Lawes and Sir Henry and their associated data and archives is Gilbert, as well as others who have come after not a trivial task. -
Revised Edition 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Revised Edition 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Written and researched by: Ian Fitzpatrick, Richard Young and Robert Barbour with Megan Perry, Emma Rose and Aron Marshall. We would like to thank: Kath Dalmeny Adele Jones Christopher Stopes David Gould Stuart Meikle Marie Christine Mehrens Anil Graves Dominic Moran Thomas Harttung Jules Pretty Patrick Holden Hannah Steenbergen for helpful comments on draft versions or sections of the report. All interpretation, opinion and error is the responsibility of the authors alone. Designed by: Alan Carmody, Midas Design Consultants Ltd. and Blue Moon Creative Production Coordinator: Hannah Steenbergen Printed by Vale Press Ltd. First published November 2017 Revised and corrected July 2019 We would like to thank the following organisations for their invaluable support for our work on True Cost Accounting, as well as the Brunswick Group, who kindly hosted our report launch in November 2017: THE HIDDEN COST OF UK FOOD FOREWORD 3 PREFACE TO THE 2019 EDITION 5 PREFACE 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 8 Hidden costs in 2015 ............................................................................................................................................8 Challenges to be overcome .............................................................................................................................10 Addressing the challenges ..............................................................................................................................10 The purpose of this report ...............................................................................................................................10 -
Healthy Ecosystems East Anglia a Landscape Enterprise Networks Opportunity Analysis
1 Healthy Ecosystems East Anglia A Landscape Enterprise Networks opportunity analysis Making Landscapes work for Business and Society Message LENs: Making landscapes 1 work for business and society This document sets out a new way in which businesses can work together to influence the assets in their local landscape that matter to their bottom line. It’s called the Landscape Enterprise Networks or ‘LENs’ Approach, and has been developed in partnership by BITC, Nestlé and 3Keel. Underpinning the LENs approach is a systematic understanding of businesses’ landscape dependencies. This is based on identifying: LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE FUNCTIONS ASSETS The outcomes that beneficiaries The features and depend on from the landscape in characteristics LANDSCAPE order to be able to operate their in a landscape that underpin BENEFICIARIES businesses. These are a subset the delivery of those functions. Organisations that are of ecosystem services, in that These are like natural capital, dependent on the they are limited to functions in only no value is assigned to landscape. This is the which beneficiaries have them beyond the price ‘market’. sufficient commercial interest to beneficiaries are willing to pay make financial investments in to secure the landscape order to secure them. functions that the Natural Asset underpins. Funded by: It provides a mechanism It moves on from It pulls together coalitions It provides a mechanism Benefits 1 for businesses to start 2 theoretical natural capital 3 of common interest, 4 for ‘next generation’ intervening to landscape- valuations, to identify pooling resources to share diversification in the rural of LENs derived risk in their real-world value propositions the cost of land management economy - especially ‘backyards’; and transactions; interventions; relevant post-Brexit. -
WHAT IS a FARM? AGRICULTURE, DISCOURSE, and PRODUCING LANDSCAPES in ST ELIZABETH, JAMAICA by Gary R. Schnakenberg a DISSERTATION
WHAT IS A FARM? AGRICULTURE, DISCOURSE, AND PRODUCING LANDSCAPES IN ST ELIZABETH, JAMAICA By Gary R. Schnakenberg A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Geography – Doctor of Philosophy 2013 ABSTRACT WHAT IS A FARM? AGRICULTURE, DISCOURSE, AND PRODUCING LANDSCAPES IN ST. ELIZABETH, JAMAICA By Gary R. Schnakenberg This dissertation research examined the operation of discourses associated with contemporary globalization in producing the agricultural landscape of an area of rural Jamaica. Subject to European colonial domination from the time of Columbus until the 1960s and then as a small island state in an unevenly globalizing world, Jamaica has long been subject to operations of unequal power relationships. Its history as a sugar colony based upon chattel slavery shaped aspects of the society that emerged, and left imprints on the ethnic makeup of the population, orientation of its economy, and beliefs, values, and attitudes of Jamaican people. Many of these are smallholder agriculturalists, a livelihood strategy common in former colonial places. Often ideas, notions, and practices about how farms and farming ‘ought-to-be’ in such places results from the operations and workings of discourse. As advanced by Foucault, ‘discourse’ refers to meanings and knowledge circulated among people and results in practices that in turn produce and re-produce those meanings and knowledge. Discourses define what is right, correct, can be known, and produce ‘the world as it is.’ They also have material effects, in that what it means ‘to farm’ results in a landscape that emerges from those meanings. In Jamaica, meanings of ‘farms’ and ‘farming’ have been shaped by discursive elements of contemporary globalization such as modernity, competition, and individualism. -
Agrochemicals - the Silent Killers Case Histories
Case histories Agrochemicals - the Silent Killers Rosemary Mason MB, ChB, FRCA and Palle Uhd Jepsen former Conservation Adviser to the Danish Forest and Nature Agency JUSTIFICATION The purpose of this document is to highlight the problems of the current and future use of agrochemical products, using a series of case studies. Have we forgotten Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring from 1962? Many of these chemicals are far more toxic (and persistent) than DDT. They are the silent destroyers of human health and the environment. CONTENTS CASE HISTORIES 2 Honeybees 2 Bumblebees 3 Super-weeds 5 The controversial BBC Countryfile programme 6 Why are the European authorities determined to get GM crops into Europe? 7 EFSA has recently given positive opinions on old herbicides at the request of industry 8 Another GM, herbicide tolerant seed in the pipeline 9 What is the role of the Commissioner of the Health and Consumers Directorate? 9 The effects of GM crops on humans in Latin America 10 Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Produce Teratogenic Effects on Vertebrates by Impairing Retinoic Acid Signaling 13 Danish farmers report side effects with GM Soya fed to pigs 14 Desiccation of crops with glyphosate to dry them 15 Scientists complain that the EC has ignored independent scientific advice about Roundup® 15 RMS (DAR) studies on glyphosate 16 Other EFSA reasoned opinions for modification of MRLs in food 17 Lack of ecological knowledge from industry and governments 17 Humans are bearing the brunt of these genotoxic chemicals and will do so even more 18 The Faroes Statement: Human Health Effects of Developmental Exposure to Chemicals in Our Environment 2007 19 The Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal 19 Peoples’ Submission 19 The Verdict 23 Summary of Verdict by members of the Jury 23 1 Summary of complaints to the Ombudsman 1360/2012/BEH about the EC and EFSA CASE HISTORIES Honeybees Dead queens and workers. -
The Failure of Early Demonstration Agriculture on 19Th Century Model/Pattern Farms: Lessons for Contemporary Demonstration
Almost final draft (September 23rd 2019): Text may not be identical to published paper The failure of early demonstration agriculture on 19th Century model/pattern farms: lessons for contemporary demonstration. Rob J.F. Burton Abstract Purpose: Demonstration farming has been an important part of agricultural extension since the first decades of the 20th Century. While Seaman Knapp is often credited with developing demonstration farming, his son acknowledged that the concept has much earlier origins in the 19th Century development of model/pattern farms. However, little is known of these early origins or why early demonstration agriculture failed. This paper addresses this gap. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology involves analysis of out of copy-right historical journal articles, letters, pamphlets, and books recently made available by online services such as Google Books. Findings: The study details how the concept of demonstration farming was developed by agricultural societies of the 18th Century but was not implemented until the early 19th Century with the advent of model/pattern farms. Demonstration activities were run by a variety of different types of private and public farm organisations who sought to improve agriculture through emulation. Enthusiasm for model farms died out by the end of the 19th Century but the failure of model farm demonstration leaves us with lessons for demonstration farming today. Theoretical implications: The study provides new knowledge on the conceptual and historical development of demonstration farming and why it failed to influence change. Practical implications: The study identifies factors that might contribute to the failure of demonstration activities. Originality/value: This is the first study to explore in detail demonstration farming on 19th Century model farms and, methodologically, outlines how free on-line digitised literature can be used to investigate early agricultural education activities. -
Understanding the Elements and Adoption of Environmental Best Practice in Horticulture
Understanding the elements and adoption of environmental best practice in horticulture Arthur Andersen Project Number: AH00018 AH00018 This report is published by Horticulture Australia Ltd to pass on information concerning horticultural research and development undertaken for Australian Horticulture. The research contained in this report was funded by Horticulture Australia Ltd with the financial support of all levy paying industries. All expressions of opinion are not to be regarded as expressing the opinion of Horticulture Australia Ltd or any authority of the Australian Government. The Company and the Australian Government accept no responsibility for any of the opinions or the accuracy of the information contained in this report and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making decisions concerning their own interests. ISBN 0 7341 0459 6 Published and distributed by: Horticultural Australia Ltd Level 1 50 Carrington Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 8295 2300 Fax: (02) 8295 2399 E-Mail: [email protected] © Copyright 2002 Horticulture Australia Contents Part 1: Executive Summary Part 2: Report Part 3: A guide to implementation Part 4: Appendices • Horticulture Australia ANDERSEN Introduction Understanding the elements and adoption The expected outcomes of the best practice of environmental best practice in study were to: horticulture' is a joint initiative of Horticulture • Gather information on management Australia limited (HAL) and the National practices which help minimise the Land and Water Resources -
Farm Inspection and Regulation Review
Farm Inspection and Regulation Review December 2018 Contents Foreword i Key Facts ii Executive Summary iii Farming today iii Why we regulate iv The building blocks of effective regulation iv What we found v What should change vii Recommendations xi Introduction to the review xiii Farming today 1 Farming in England 2 Farming business organisation 5 Farming incomes 5 Behaviours and risk management 10 Plant and animal health 12 Bovine tuberculosis 14 Environment and ecosystems 15 Challenges from a regulatory perspective 17 Why we regulate 19 The economic and social impact of harm 19 Understanding hazards and harm 20 Facilitating national and international trade 22 Conclusion 23 The building blocks for effective regulation 25 Core elements of a regulatory system 25 Effective regulation 29 Regulatory strategy 29 Regulatory approaches and how they compare 31 Choosing the right approach 31 Regulating across the spectrum 34 What we found 37 The governance and delivery of regulation 37 How we regulate 41 What is achieved 45 The culture of regulation 45 What should change 48 Building confidence 48 More straightforward regulation 58 Being clear about what is expected, and why 61 Reflect mature regulatory thinking 64 A sophisticated and balanced view of regulation 71 Conclusion 81 Annexes 82 Recommended Powers 83 Design Principles 97 Current Regulatory Instruments 99 Terms of Reference 104 Who we consulted 106 Glossary 110 Foreword I am pleased to present this final report on farm inspection and regulation in England, having reported on an interim basis earlier this year. Most land in England is farmed, and UK farmers produce most of the food we eat. -
Societal and Economic Impact Evaluation Relu (REFERENCE PS110020) PART TWO Submitted 18 June 2012
Societal and Economic Impact Evaluation Relu (REFERENCE PS110020) PART TWO Submitted 18 June 2012 Dr. Laura R. Meagher, Technology Development Group RANGE OF TYPES OF IMPACTS (p.2-3) PROJECT CASE STUDIES (p.4-15) PROGRAMME CASE STUDY (p.16-21) ANALYSIS, PROGRAMME-LEVEL COMMUNICATIONS (p.22-28) VIGNETTE: MULTI-FACETED LEADERSHIP (p.29-13) KE OBSTACLES (p.32-33) LESSONS LEARNED BY PARTICIPANTS: ENHANCING IMPACTS (p.34-40) REFLECTIONS ON EVALUATION METHODOLOGY (p. 41-63) 1 RANGE OF TYPES OF IMPACTS Unusually, we have actually been able to elicit and compare researcher and stakeholder views as to types of impacts generated, through not only interviews but also quantifiable survey responses. For each of the five impact types (Conceptual, Instrumental, Capacity- building, Enduring Connectivity and Attitude/Culture Change), researchers and project-level stakeholders were asked about the role of their project, and researchers and programme- level stakeholders were asked about the role of the overall programme. In short, at both the Programme and the Project level, Researchers and Stakeholders saw a range of impacts as having been generated. The conclusion that Relu led to multiple, different types of impacts is robust. For instance, as noted in the Report, even the famously elusive Instrumental Impacts, seen by the lowest percentages, were still seen by a third (34.4%) of Project Stakeholder survey respondents and nearly half (48.6%) of Researchers as having been generated by projects and by over half (54.6%) of Programme Stakeholders and 83.3% of Researchers as having been generated by the Programme. Conceptual Impacts were seen by the highest percentages: as arising from projects by 70.6% of Project Stakeholders and 97.3% of Researchers, and as arising from the Programme by 95.3% of Programme Stakeholders and 88.9% of Researchers. -
Tom Jenkins Dr Kate Pressland
Plant. Grow. Innovate. O C T O B E R 9 T H - O C T O B E R 1 1 T H 2 0 2 0 V I R T U A L E V E N T London office +44 203 2878731 Europe Email address [email protected] South Asia Website www.thpoint0.io United Kingdom Contents I n t r o d u c t io n Introduction 2 From the British Agricultural Revolution of the 18th Programme 3 century to playing a fundamental part in the Green Revolution of the 1960s and 70s, the UK is no stranger Challenges 5 to agricultural innovation in evolving, growing and implementing revolutionary methods to increase productivity, drive efficiency and maximise yields. Challenge AgriTech Innovation 6 With the termination of the EU’s Common Agricultural Challenge Agri BioTech 7 Policy, new agricultural liinitiatives are driving and making it easier for the industry to embrace AgriTech, Challenge Smart Farming to enable innovation, and transform the agriculture, 8 horticulture and forestry sectors. Challenge Soil Productivity 9 There is now, and will continue to be, more opportunities for investment in the excellence of the UK Prizes 10 AgriTech sector to grow new businesses and export overseas. Judges 11 Keynote Speakers 13 Network/Clients 14 Contact Details 15 2 Programme Day 1 - Friday 9th October Day 3 - Sunday 11th October 19:00 - Official Launch 09:00 - Workshop - Pitch Perfect 19:30 - Final Team Formation 10:00 - Mentor Sessions 20:00 - Challenge Brief 12:00 - Final Demos 20:30 - Intro to Judges & Mentors 15:00 - Jury Deliberation 16:00 - Winner Announcement 16:30 - End of Hackathon Day 2 - Saturday 10th October