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EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea Indica (L.) Less) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA MENCIT (Mus Musculus L.)

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EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea Indica (L.) Less) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA MENCIT (Mus Musculus L.) 1 EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk melengkapi tugas dan memenuhi syarat mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains RAHMA HANDAYANI 140805046 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 1 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) SKRIPSI Saya menyatakan bahwa skripsi ini adalah hasil karya sendiri, kecuali beberapa kutipan dan ringkasan yang masing-masing disebutkan sumbernya. Medan, Juli 2019 Rahma Handayani 140805046 ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA iii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI Judul : Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat pada Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Kategori : Skripsi Nama : Rahma Handayani Nomor Induk Mahasiswa : 140805046 Program Studi : Sarjana Biologi Faklutas : MIPA – Universitas Sumatera Utara Disetujui di Medan, Juli 2019 Ketua Program Studi Pembimbing Dr. Saleha Hannum, M.Si Dra. Emita Sabri, M.Si NIP. 197108312000122001 NIP. 19560712198702002 iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA iv EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA SAYAT PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus L.) ABSTRAK Luka dapat disebabkan oleh tusukan, benturan, gigitan atau goresan benda tajam. Untuk menghindari kerusakan lebih lanjut maka tubuh memiliki mekanisme penutupan luka yang diawali oleh inflamasi. Penggunaan sediaan herbal merupakan pilihan alternatif karena efek samping yang relatif kecil, salah satunya adalah ekstrak daun beluntas karena mengandung saponin, tanin, dan terpenoid yang berperan sebagai antiinflamasi, dan antibakteri untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak daun beluntas terhadap fase inflamasi dalam penyembuhan luka sayat dan gambaran histologinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu perlakuan kontrol negatif, kontrol positif (Povidone iodine) dan ekstrak daun beluntas 25%. 50% dan 75%. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi dan manambahkan vaselin sebagai sediaan dalam bentuk salep. Luka sayat dibuat sepanjang 1 cm, salep diaplikasikan ke daerah luka dan dilakukan pengamatan selama 14 hari. Dibuat sediaan histologi untuk mengukur jumlah limfosit, jumlah fibroblas dan ketebalan epitel. Data penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post hoc. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan waktu penyembuhan luka untuk setiap kelompok berturut-turut adalah 7,6 hari, 8,4 hari, 6,8 hari, 8,2 hari dan 8,4 hari dengan nilai P= 0,045 (P<0,05). Pengamatan histologi menunjukkan bahwa kelompok salep ekstrak daun beluntas 25% memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap jumlah limfosit, jumlah fibroblas dan ketebalan epitel Kesimpulannya adalah salep ekstrak daun beluntas 25% memberikan efek terhadap proses penutupan luka. Kata kunci: Luka sayat, Mencit, Pluchea indica, Proses penutupan luka. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA v EFFECT OF BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) LEAVES ETHANOL EXTRACT OF INCISION WOUND HEALING IN MICE (Mus musculus L.) ABSTRACT A wound can be caused by punctures, collisions, bites or scratches of sharp object. To avoid futher damage, the body has a wound healing mechanism that begin with inflammation. The use of herbal preparations is an alternative choice because of the relatively small effects, one of which is beluntas leaf extract because it contains saponins, tannins, and terpenoids as anti-inflammatory and atibacterial to accelerate the process of wound healing. The aims of this research were to find out the effectiveness of ethanol extract of beluntas leaf and in histological appearance process of wound healing. This research used 25 male mice that were divided into five different treatment groups. The treatment groups were treated with K- (negative control), K+ (povidone-iodine) and beluntas leaf extract with three concentration of PI (25%), PII (50%), and PIII (75%). The extract was obtained by maceration process added with vaseline as ointments. Incision wound made it into 1 cm, the treatments were applied onto the wound and observed for twice a day in 14 days. Histological preparation was made to calculate lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial thickness on days 14. The data were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) followed by Post Hoc test. The result of this research showed some significant differences average time span of wound healing of each group's K-, and K+, PI, PII and PIII was subsequently 7.6 days, 8.4 days, 6.8 days, 8.2 days and 8.4 days with p = 0.045. Histological observations showed that beluntas leaf extract ointment concentration of 75% had a significant influuence of the average number of lymphocytes, fibroblast and beluntas leaf extract ointment concentration of 25% had a significant influuence of epithelial thickness compared to the control treatment. In conclusion, the beluntas leaf extract ointmen has an effect on the woung healing process. Keywords: Incision Wound, Mice, Pluchea indica, Wound Healing Process. v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA vi PENGHARGAAN Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat ALLAH SWT atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) terhadap Penyembuhan Luka Sayat pada Mencit (Mus musculus L.)”. Pada kesempatan kali ini penulis ingin mengucapkan rasa hormat dan rasa terimakasih yang melimpah kepada kedua orangtua tecinta Bapak Syafaruddin dan Ibu Sularsih yang telah banyak memberikan doa, dukungan dan rasa cinta sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini dengan baik. Terimakasih juga kepada abang dan adik-adik saya yang telah memberikan dukungan dan semangat dalam membantu penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Ucapan terimakasih yang tak terhingga juga penulis sampaikan kepada Ibu Dra. Emita Sabri, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah memberikan waktu, bimbingan dan arahan serta perhatian kepada penulis. Terimakasih kepada Bapak Dr. Salomo Hutahaean, M.Si, selaku dosen penguji I serta Ibu Dr. Elimasni, M.Si selaku dosen penguji II serta Ibu Dr. Isnaini Nurwahyuni, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing akademik yang telah memberikan waktu dan kesempatan dalam membimbing selama penulisan naskah penelitian ini. Terimakasih juga disampaikan kepada Ibu Dr. Saleha Hannum, M.Si selaku ketua program studi biologi, Bapak Riyanto Sinaga, S.Si, M.Si sekretaris departemen biologi, seluruh dosen dan staf serta pegawai biologi atas ilmu yang diberikan selama perkuliahan dan bantuan yang telah diberikan kepada penulis. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih banyak kepada teman seperjuangan penelitian Raysa Zahra dan Dhaifina Sabila atas bantuan, semangat, pengetian dan suka duka yang telah dialami selama ini. Sahabat-sahabat tercinta di perkuliahan (Aisya, Rince, Mahdiyyah, Ummu, Rahmi dan Utika) dan adik asuh saya Siti Nafik serta teman-teman “Genom”yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu atas apa yang telah dilewati bersama-sama selama masa perkuliahan dan masa penelitian selama ini. Semoga kesehatan dan kebahagian selalu bersama kita, amin. Kepada keluarga besar Laoratorium Ilmu Dasar (Bapak Dr. Allief Aththorick, M.Si, Bang Pandi, Aries, Deros, Zahra, Irfan, Dita), keluarga besar Fisologi Hewan (Ibu Dr. Masitta vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA vii Tanjung, M.Si, Kak Pia, Dini, Rendra, Winda), adik-adik stambuk 2015 dan 2016 terimakasih atas dukungannya. Terimakasih kepada (Novi, Rara, Zuki, Taufik, Deli, Febri, Vindi, Fatimah, Lona, Nisri, Nisa, Azmi, Dedek, Indrok dan Madden) sahabat penulis yang selalu memberi semangat untuk tidak menyerah dan keceriaan dari jauh maupun dekat yang tidak akan pernah penulis lupakan. Terimakasih juga kepada adik-adik saya Nurul dan Ayong yang telah memberikan masukan dan canda tawa selama penelitian dan penulisan skripsi ini serta penulis mengucapkan terimakasih untuk semua pihak yang membantu yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu persatu, semoga Allah SWT dapat membalasnya. Penulis menyadari bahawa skripsi ini masih terdapat banyak kekurangan, kritik dan serta saran. Semoga skripsi ini dapat dijadikan ilmu yang bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan informasi yang berguna bagi kita semua. Medan, Juli 2019 Rahma Handayani vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA viii DAFTAR ISI Halaman LEMBARAN SAMPUL i PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI iii ABSTRAK iv ABSTRACT v PENGHARGAAN vi DAFTAR ISI viii DAFTAR TABEL x DAFTAR GAMBAR xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN xii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1 1.1 Latar Belakang 2 1.2 Permasalahan 2 1.3 Hipotesis 3 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian 3 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian 3 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 4 2.1 Struktur Kulit 4 2.2 Defenisi Luka 5 2.3 Jenis-Jenis Luka 5 2.4 Mekanisme Penyembuhan Luka 6 2.5 Tanaman Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less 8 2.5.1 Klasifikasi Tanaman Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) 8 Less) 2.5.2 Deskripsi Tanaman Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) 8 Less) 2.5.3 Manfaat Tanaman Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) 9 Less) 2.6 Kandungan Tanaman Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) 9 BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN 11 3.1 Waktu dan Tempat 11 3.2 Rancangan Penelitian 11 3.3 Metode Kerja 12 viii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ix 3.3.1 Persiapan Hewan Uji 12 3.3.2 Pembuatan Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Beluntas 12 (Pluchea indica (L.) Less) 3.3.3 Pembuatan Salep Ekstrak Etanol Tanaman Beluntas 12
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