DOCSLIB.ORG

Antecedents and Consequences of Self-Conscious Emotions in the Workplace: Guilt, Shame, and Pride

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Antecedents and Consequences of Self-Conscious Emotions in the Workplace: Guilt, Shame, and Pride ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SELF-CONSCIOUS EMOTIONS IN THE WORKPLACE: GUILT, SHAME, AND PRIDE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Yeonka Kim IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY John Kammeyer-Mueller, Adviser June 2016 © Yeonka Kim 2016 Acknowledgements I could not have pursued this path and accomplished this work without the support and encouragement of amazing people around me. First, I would like to acknowledge and appreciate my adviser, Dr. John Kammeyer-Mueller, for his great training, support, and encouragement. He was one of the most important guideposts in my Ph.D. program, and will be one of those for my future academic career. He has had a weekly meeting with me in his busy schedule so that I could make a consistent progress for my dissertation. Moreover, he provided timely guidance and advice whenever I had any issues and questions in my research, teaching, and preparing my job talk. I admire him not only as an excellent adviser, researcher, and teacher but also as a great mentor in my life. Moreover, his humility, friendliness, thoughtfulness, and humor made me truly enjoy working with him. I also would like to thank my committee Drs. Theresa Glomb, Michelle Duffy, Lisa Leslie, and Aaron Schmidt for giving me constructive feedback and suggestions for my dissertation. I am especially grateful to Theresa and Lisa for their helpful and thorough feedback for my dissertation as well as their guidance and support when I was in the job market. I learned from Theresa’s positive energy as well as academic expertise and from Lisa’s very systemic and well-organized work process and clear communication while working with each of them. My thanks extend to the entire faculty in the Department of Work and Organizations, and especially the administrative support of Drs. John Budd, Michelle Duffy, and Avner Ben Ner. Michelle especially helped me as a Ph.D. program coordinator during my academic journey. I appreciate her support when I faced difficulty in my personal life. i All of the staff in the Carlson School of Management and former and fellow Ph.D. students in the Department of Work and Organizations have also been so supportive of me in this journey. A special thanks to Earlene Bronson, Christina Owen, Jennifer Clement, Anne Obst, Susan Suchy, Helen Rieger, and Brenda Lucy. To my former office mate, Patty Dahm, and peers including Si Ahn Mehng, Yongjun Choi, John-Gabriel Licht, Kiyong Lee, Tae-Youn Park, Tao Yang, Greg Beaver, Lingtao Yu, Karyn Dossinger: thank you for your help, encouragement, and friendship. Finally, this work could not have been completed without the love, support, and encouragement of my family. My husband, Daehan Yoo has been the greatest supporter, always encouraging and helping me when I was overwhelmed, stressed out, and especially physically tired during my pregnancy and after our little one, Claire Hara Yoo was born. It was blessing that we could have this adorable and precious daughter during our Ph.D. programs and could complete our Ph.D. degrees in the same year. I also thank my parents and siblings for their continual love and support so that I could accomplish my professional, academic, and personal goals. Unfortunately, although I cannot share or celebrate anything with my parents in this world anymore, I hope that they are proud of me, and my mother is especially glad that I kept one of my last promises I made to her. ii Abstract Most people can readily recall powerful feelings of guilt, shame, or pride associated with specific instances of success and failure at work. Although some studies have examined these self-conscious emotions as they arise in other areas of life, little systematic research has focused on their unique profile in the workplace. This dissertation aims to address this important and overlooked topic with two studies. Study 1 used an open-ended, exploratory response format study to provide an initial framework. Over 300 employed adults provided narrative descriptions of workplace events and reactions associated with guilt, shame, and two types of pride. Three overarching domains of events associated with self-conscious emotions were task performance, social relationships, and morality. The most frequently reported emotional management strategies for both guilt and shame were approach-oriented strategies such as problem- solving and relationship repair. Exerting continuous effort for achievement, savoring, and capitalizing were the most common strategies employees used to maintain pride. Expanding the findings of Study 1, Study 2 investigated the within-person effects of self- conscious emotions on employees’ stress, health, burnout, engagement, organizational citizenship behavior, creative performance, and withdrawal, using an experience sampling study with 151 employed adults. Results of multilevel modeling showed that self-conscious emotions influenced employees’ daily stress, burnout, engagement, creativity, and withdrawal beyond general affective states. iii Table of Contents List of Tables…………………………………………………….……………………..vi List of Figures……………………………………………………….………….………viii Chapter 1: Introduction ..…………………………………………….……………….....1 Chapter 2: Theoretical Background …………………………………………………….9 Section 2.1: Fundamental Concepts in Self-Conscious Emotions ……………..9 Section 2.2: A Typology of Self-Conscious Emotions ………………………...13 Chapter 3: Study 1- The Frequency of Antecedents and Responses of Self-Conscious Emotions at Work …………………..…………………..…………………..21 Section 3.1: Introduction ..…………………..…………………..……………….21 Section 3.2: Antecedents (Events) Associated with Self -Conscious Emotions at Work …………………..…………………………….22 Section 3.3: Responses of Self-Conscious Emotions at Work ………………..26 Method …………………..…………………………………………….29 Results ………………………………………………………………....36 Discussion ……………………………………………………………..54 Chapter 4: Study 2 – Beneficial or Harmful Within-Person Effects of Self-Conscious Emotions on Individual and Organizational Consequences: An Experience Sampling Study ...……………..…………………..……………………66 Section 4.1: Introduction ...…………………..…………………………………..66 Section 4.2: Within-Person Effects of Self-Relevant Work Events on Self- Conscious Emotions at Work …………………………………….67 Section 4.3: Within-Person Effects of Self-Conscious Emotions on Emotion Regulation Strategies at Work ……………………………………69 Section 4.4: Within-Person Effects of Self-Conscious Emotions on Individual and Organizational Consequences …..………………………..74 Section 4.5: Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies at Work………95 Method …………………………………………………………………99 iv Results …………………………………………………………………108 Discussion .…………………..………………………….....................133 Chapter 5: General Discussion ...……………………………………………………..150 Conclusion .…………………..………………………….......................159 References ...…………………………………………………...……………………….160 Appendix A: Study 1, Survey ...…………………………………………………….....180 Appendix B: Study 2, Survey ...………………………………………………………..188 v List of Tables Table 1: Causal Attributions of Guilt, Shame, and Pride ……………………………….16 Table 2: Study 1, Participant Demographics …………………………………………....31 Table 3: Study 1, Description and Examples of Events Associated with Self-Conscious Emotions ………………………….………………………………………....37 Table 4: Study 1, Number of Antecedents for Each Emotion …………………………..43 Table 5: Study 1, Description and Examples of Emotional Management Strategies for Guilt and Shame …………………………………………………………….....47 Table 6: Study 1, Emotion Management Strategies for Guilt and Shame ……………...49 Table 7: Study 1, Category, Description, and Examples of Emotional Management Strategies for Guilt and Shame ………………………………………………..51 Table 8: Study 1, Emotional Management Strategies for Beta and Alpha pride ……….53 Table 9: Study 2, Model Fit Statistics for the Two- and Three-Factor Models ………..110 Table 10: Study 2, Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations for All Study Variables …………………………………………………………………………….....111 Table 11: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of Events on Self-Conscious Emotions …...114 Table 12-1: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of Guilt and Pride on Emotion Management Strategies ………....………………………………………………………115 Table 12-2: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of Shame and Pride on Emotion Management Strategies …………....……………………………………………………116 Table 13-1: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of Guilt and Pride on Workplace Outcomes …………………………………………………………………………….117 Table 13-2: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of Shame and Pride on Workplace Outcomes …………………………………………………………………………….118 Table 14: Study 2, Moderating Effects of Emotional Management Strategies ………..121 Table 15: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of Events on NSCE and Pride …………….125 vi Table 16: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of NSCE and Pride on Emotion Management Strategies ………………………………………………………………...….126 Table 17: Study 2, Within-Person Effects of NSCE and Pride on Workplace Outcomes ………………………...………………………………………127 Table 18: Study 2, Moderating effect of Emotional Management Strategies …………129 Table 19: Study 2, Comparison of NSCE vs. Guilt and Shame ……………………….134 vii List of Figures Figure 1: Study 1, Summary Model of Self-Conscious Emotion Antecedents and Responses ……………………………………………………………………6 Figure 2: Study 2, Theoretical Model of Antecedents of Consequences of Self-conscious Emotion ……………………………………………………………………...7 Figure 3-1: Study 2, Number of Positive Self-Relevant Events ……………………….112 Figure 3-2: Study 2, Number of Negative Self-Relevant Events …………………….113 Figure 4:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • And Inter-Personal Emotion Regulation
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by YorkSpace EXAMINING INTRA- AND INTER-PERSONAL EMOTION REGULATION, PSYCHOPATHOLOGY, WELL-BEING, AND RELATIONSHIP QUALITY IN EMERGING ADULTHOOD SAMANTHA CHAN A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO AUGUST 2019 Ó Samantha Chan, 2019 ii Abstract Identifying components of emotion regulation (ER) that contribute to emerging adults’ (18-29 years) psychosocial outcomes is crucial to promoting their development. This study aimed to identify emerging adults’ intra- and inter-personal ER strategy use and explore the associations between their ER strategy use and difficulties and psychosocial outcomes, including internalizing symptoms (depressive and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress), well-being (subjective happiness and flourishing), and relationship quality. Results showed that emerging adults utilized a range of intra- (e.g., acceptance,) and inter-personal (e.g., enhancing positive affect) ER strategies. The structural equation modelling results indicated that emotion dysregulation was the strongest predictor of emerging adults’ psychosocial outcomes. Some ER strategies (e.g., positive reappraisal, enhancing positive affect) were more strongly associated with emerging adults’ psychosocial outcomes than other strategies. The findings highlight the links between intra- and inter-personal ER and emerging adults’ psychosocial outcomes and can inform mental health intervention programs for emerging adults. iii Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor, Dr. Jennine Rawana for all of her invaluable advice and support with this research.
    [Show full text]
  • Pilgrim's Pride Corporation; Rule 14A-8 No-Action Letter
    WHITE 6. CASE January 8, 2021 VIA E-MAIL ([email protected]) White & Case LLP Office of Chief Counsel 1221 Avenue of the Americas Division of Corporation Finance New York, NY 10020-1095 T +l 2128198200 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission 100 F Street, NE whitecase.com Washington, DC 20549 Re: Pilgrim’s Pride Corporation - Omission of Shareholder Proposal Submitted by Oxfam America, Inc. Ladies and Gentlemen: On behalf of our client, Pilgrim’s Pride Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company” or “PPC”), we hereby respectfully request confirmation that the staff (the “Staff”) of the Division of Corporation Finance of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) will not recommend any enforcement action if, in reliance on Rule 14a-8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Rule 14a-8”), the Company omits from its proxy statement and form of proxy for the 2021 annual meeting of its shareholders (the “2021 Proxy Materials”) the shareholder proposal and supporting statement attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Proposal”) submitted by Oxfam America Inc. (the “Proponent”). Copies of correspondence with the Proponents regarding the Proposal are attached hereto as Exhibit B. The Company has not received any other correspondence relating to the Proposal. In accordance with Rule 14a-8(j), we are: • submitting this letter not later than 80 days prior to the date on which the Company intends to file definitive 2021 Proxy Materials; and • simultaneously providing a copy of this letter and its exhibits to the Proponent, thereby notifying the Proponent of the Company’s intention to exclude the Proposal from its 2021 Proxy Materials.
    [Show full text]
  • About Emotions There Are 8 Primary Emotions. You Are Born with These
    About Emotions There are 8 primary emotions. You are born with these emotions wired into your brain. That wiring causes your body to react in certain ways and for you to have certain urges when the emotion arises. Here is a list of primary emotions: Eight Primary Emotions Anger: fury, outrage, wrath, irritability, hostility, resentment and violence. Sadness: grief, sorrow, gloom, melancholy, despair, loneliness, and depression. Fear: anxiety, apprehension, nervousness, dread, fright, and panic. Joy: enjoyment, happiness, relief, bliss, delight, pride, thrill, and ecstasy. Interest: acceptance, friendliness, trust, kindness, affection, love, and devotion. Surprise: shock, astonishment, amazement, astound, and wonder. Disgust: contempt, disdain, scorn, aversion, distaste, and revulsion. Shame: guilt, embarrassment, chagrin, remorse, regret, and contrition. All other emotions are made up by combining these basic 8 emotions. Sometimes we have secondary emotions, an emotional reaction to an emotion. We learn these. Some examples of these are: o Feeling shame when you get angry. o Feeling angry when you have a shame response (e.g., hurt feelings). o Feeling fear when you get angry (maybe you’ve been punished for anger). There are many more. These are NOT wired into our bodies and brains, but are learned from our families, our culture, and others. When you have a secondary emotion, the key is to figure out what the primary emotion, the feeling at the root of your reaction is, so that you can take an action that is most helpful. .
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of the Seven Deadly Sins: from God to the Simpsons
    96 Journal of Popular Culture sin. A lot. As early Christian doctrine repeatedly points out, the seven deadly sins are so deeply rooted in our fallen human nature, that not only are they almost completely unavoidable, but like a proverbial bag of The Evolution of the Seven Deadly Sins: potato chips, we can never seem to limit ourselves to just one. With this ideology, modern society agrees. However, with regard to the individual From God to the Simpsons and social effects of the consequences of these sins, we do not. The deadly sins of seven were identified, revised, and revised again Lisa Frank in the heads and classrooms of reportedly celibate monks as moral and philosophical lessons taught in an effort to arm men and women against I can personally attest that the seven deadly sins are still very much the temptations of sin and vice in the battle for their souls. These teach- with us. Today, I have committed each of them, several more than once, ings were quickly reflected in the literature, theater, art, and music of before my lunch hour even began. Here is my schedule of sin (judge me that time and throughout the centuries to follow. Today, they remain pop- if you will): ular motifs in those media, as well as having made the natural progres- sion into film and television. Every day and every hour, acts of gluttony, 7:00 - I pressed the snooze button three times before dragging myself out of lust, covetousness, envy, pride, wrath, and sloth are portrayed on televi- bed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: on Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love
    WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 12-2001 The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love Marc Bekoff University of Colorado Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_sata Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Comparative Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Bekoff, M. (2001). The evolution of animal play, emotions, and social morality: on science, theology, spirituality, personhood, and love. Zygon®, 36(4), 615-655. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Evolution of Animal Play, Emotions, and Social Morality: On Science, Theology, Spirituality, Personhood, and Love Marc Bekoff University of Colorado KEYWORDS animal emotions, animal play, biocentric anthropomorphism, critical anthropomorphism, personhood, social morality, spirituality ABSTRACT My essay first takes me into the arena in which science, spirituality, and theology meet. I comment on the enterprise of science and how scientists could well benefit from reciprocal interactions with theologians and religious leaders. Next, I discuss the evolution of social morality and the ways in which various aspects of social play behavior relate to the notion of “behaving fairly.” The contributions of spiritual and religious perspectives are important in our coming to a fuller understanding of the evolution of morality. I go on to discuss animal emotions, the concept of personhood, and how our special relationships with other animals, especially the companions with whom we share our homes, help us to define our place in nature, our humanness.
    [Show full text]
  • The Somatic Marker Hypothesis: a Neural Theory of Economic Decision
    Games and Economic Behavior 52 (2005) 336–372 www.elsevier.com/locate/geb The somatic marker hypothesis: A neural theory of economic decision Antoine Bechara ∗, Antonio R. Damasio Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA Received 8 June 2004 Available online 23 September 2004 Abstract Modern economic theory ignores the influence of emotions on decision-making. Emerging neuro- science evidence suggests that sound and rational decision making, in fact, depends on prior accurate emotional processing. The somatic marker hypothesis provides a systems-level neuroanatomical and cognitive framework for decision-making and its influence by emotion. The key idea of this hypothe- sis is that decision-making is a process that is influenced by marker signals that arise in bioregulatory processes, including those that express themselves in emotions and feelings. This influence can oc- cur at multiple levels of operation, some of which occur consciously, and some of which occur non-consciously. Here we review studies that confirm various predictions from the hypothesis, and propose a neural model for economic decision, in which emotions are a major factor in the interac- tion between environmental conditions and human decision processes, with these emotional systems providing valuable implicit or explicit knowledge for making fast and advantageous decisions. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Modern economic theory assumes that human decision-making involves rational Bayesian maximization of expected utility, as if humans were equipped with unlim- ited knowledge, time, and information-processing power. The influence of emotions on * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Emotion Classification Based on Biophysical Signals and Machine Learning Techniques
    S S symmetry Article Emotion Classification Based on Biophysical Signals and Machine Learning Techniques Oana Bălan 1,* , Gabriela Moise 2 , Livia Petrescu 3 , Alin Moldoveanu 1 , Marius Leordeanu 1 and Florica Moldoveanu 1 1 Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, Bucharest 060042, Romania; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (M.L.); fl[email protected] (F.M.) 2 Department of Computer Science, Information Technology, Mathematics and Physics (ITIMF), Petroleum-Gas University of Ploiesti, Ploiesti 100680, Romania; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 030014, Romania; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40722276571 Received: 12 November 2019; Accepted: 18 December 2019; Published: 20 December 2019 Abstract: Emotions constitute an indispensable component of our everyday life. They consist of conscious mental reactions towards objects or situations and are associated with various physiological, behavioral, and cognitive changes. In this paper, we propose a comparative analysis between different machine learning and deep learning techniques, with and without feature selection, for binarily classifying the six basic emotions, namely anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise, into two symmetrical categorical classes (emotion and no emotion), using the physiological recordings and subjective ratings of valence, arousal, and dominance from the DEAP (Dataset for Emotion Analysis using EEG, Physiological and Video Signals) database. The results showed that the maximum classification accuracies for each emotion were: anger: 98.02%, joy:100%, surprise: 96%, disgust: 95%, fear: 90.75%, and sadness: 90.08%. In the case of four emotions (anger, disgust, fear, and sadness), the classification accuracies were higher without feature selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Stylish Design and Premium Performance®
    Power Chairs Power Chairs Owner’s Manual Power Chairs Power Chairs Power Chairs Power Chairs Power Chairs Power Chairs Stylish Design and Premium Performance Power Chairs Exeter, PA ® St Catharines, ON 1-800-800-8586 wwwpridemobilitycom SAFETY GUIDELINES Please read and follow all instructions in this owners manual before attempting to operate your power chair for the first time If there is anything in this manual you do not understand, or if you require additional assistance for set-up, contact your authorized Pride provider Using your Pride product safely depends upon your diligence in following the warnings, cautions, and instructions in this owners manual Using your Pride product safely also depends upon your own good judgement and/or common sense, as well as that of your provider, caregiver, and/or healthcare professional Pride is not responsible for injuries and/or damage resulting from any persons failure to follow the warnings, cautions, and instructions in this owners manual Pride is not responsible for injuries and/or damage resulting from any persons failure to exercise good judgement and/or common sense The symbols below are used throughout this owners manual to identify warnings and cautions It is very important for you to read and understand them completely WARNING! Failure to heed the warnings in this owners manual may result in personal injury CAUTION! Failure to heed the cautions in this owners manual may result in damage to your power chair Copyright © 2003 Pride Mobility Products Corp INFMANU1588 CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION
    [Show full text]
  • The Republican Theology of Benjamin Rush
    THE REPUBLICAN THEOLOGY OF BENJAMIN RUSH By DONALD J. D'ELIA* A Christian [Benjamin Rush argued] cannot fail of be- ing a republican. The history of the creation of man, and of the relation of our species to each other by birth, which is recorded in the Old Testament, is the best refuta- tion that can be given to the divine right of kings, and the strongest argument that can be used in favor of the original and natural equality of all mankind. A Christian, I say again, cannot fail of being a republican, for every precept of the Gospel inculcates those degrees of humility, self-denial, and brotherly kindness, which are directly opposed to the pride of monarchy and the pageantry of a court. D)R. BENJAMIN RUSH was a revolutionary in his concep- tions of history, society, medicine, and education. He was also a revolutionary in theology. His age was one of universality, hle extrapolated boldly from politics to religion, or vice versa, with the clear warrant of the times.1 To have treated religion and politics in isolation from each other would have clashed with his analogical disposition, for which he was rightly famous. "Dr. D'Elia is associate professor of history at the State University of New York College at New Paltz. This paper was read at a session of the annual meeting of the Association at Meadville, October 9, 1965. 1Basil Willey, The Eighteenth Century Background; Studies on the Idea of Nature in the Thought of the Period (Boston: Beacon Press, 1961), p. 137 et passim.
    [Show full text]
  • Prescription Stimulants
    Prescription Stimulants What are prescription stimulants? Prescription stimulants are medicines generally used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy— uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep. They increase alertness, attention, and energy. What are common prescription stimulants? • dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine®) • dextroamphetamine/amphetamine combination product (Adderall®) • methylphenidate (Ritalin®, Concerta®). Photo by ©iStock.com/ognianm Popular slang terms for prescription stimulants include Speed, Uppers, and Vitamin R. How do people use and misuse prescription stimulants? Most prescription stimulants come in tablet, capsule, or liquid form, which a person takes by mouth. Misuse of a prescription stimulant means: Do Prescription Stimulants Make You • taking medicine in a way or dose Smarter? other than prescribed Some people take prescription stimulants to • taking someone else’s medicine try to improve mental performance. Teens • taking medicine only for the effect it and college students sometimes misuse causes—to get high them to try to get better grades, and older adults misuse them to try to improve their When misusing a prescription stimulant, memory. Taking prescription stimulants for people can swallow the medicine in its reasons other than treating ADHD or normal form. Alternatively, they can crush narcolepsy could lead to harmful health tablets or open the capsules, dissolve the powder in water, and inject the liquid into a effects, such as addiction, heart problems, vein. Some can also snort or smoke the or psychosis. powder. Prescription Stimulants • June 2018 • Page 1 How do prescription stimulants affect the brain and body? Prescription stimulants increase the activity of the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine. Dopamine is involved in the reinforcement of rewarding behaviors.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Panic Prevention: Addressing Emotion in Emergency Communication by Dr
    Beyond Panic Prevention: Addressing Emotion in Emergency Communication By Dr. Peter Sandman Originally published in: Emergency Risk Communication CDCynergy (CD-ROM) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services February 2003. On the Web at: www.psandman.com This is one of three articles I wrote for the CDC’s CD-ROM on emergency risk communication. This one deals with the likely emotional impacts of terrorism (and other major emergencies), and how communicators can best help the public cope with these emotions. The focus is especially on denial and misery as more common emotional reactions than panic — reactions that may be mishandled if the communicator is over-worried about panic prevention instead. This project was supported in part by an appointment to the Research Participation Program for the Office of Communication, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, administered by the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an agreement between the Department of Energy and CDC. —Peter M. Sandman Many risk communication documents, columns, and articles are available at: www.psandman.com www.psandman.com/articles/beyond.pdf Beyond Panic Prevention: Addressing Emotion in Emergency Communication by Peter M. Sandman Copyright © 2002 by Peter M. Sandman September 2002 By far the most common reaction to risky situations is apathy. Figuring out how to combat apathy – how to get people to recognize a risk as serious, to become concerned about it, and to take action – is the mainstay of a risk communication specialist’s job. It is also the mainstay of a health educator’s or health communicator’s job.
    [Show full text]
  • Flags and Symbols Gilbert Baker Designed the Rainbow flag for the 1978 San Francisco’S Gay Freedom Celebration
    Flags and Symbols ! ! ! Gilbert Baker designed the rainbow flag for the 1978 San Francisco’s Gay Freedom Celebration. In the original eight-color version, pink stood for sexuality, red for life, orange for healing, yellow for the sun, green for nature, turquoise for art, indigo for harmony and violet for the soul.! " Rainbow Flag First unveiled on 12/5/98 the bisexual pride flag was designed by Michael Page. This rectangular flag consists of a broad magenta stripe at the top (representing same-gender attraction,) a broad stripe in blue at the bottoms (representing opposite- gender attractions), and a narrower deep lavender " band occupying the central fifth (which represents Bisexual Flag attraction toward both genders). The pansexual pride flag holds the colors pink, yellow and blue. The pink band symbolizes women, the blue men, and the yellow those of a non-binary gender, such as a gender bigender or gender fluid Pansexual Flag In August, 2010, after a process of getting the word out beyond the Asexual Visibility and Education Network (AVEN) and to non-English speaking areas, a flag was chosen following a vote. The black stripe represents asexuality, the grey stripe the grey-are between sexual and asexual, the white " stripe sexuality, and the purple stripe community. Asexual Flag The Transgender Pride flag was designed by Monica Helms. It was first shown at a pride parade in Phoenix, Arizona, USA in 2000. The flag represents the transgender community and consists of five horizontal stripes. Two light blue which is the traditional color for baby boys, two pink " for girls, with a white stripe in the center for those Transgender Flag who are transitioning, who feel they have a neutral gender or no gender, and those who are intersex.
    [Show full text]