The Ocean of Tomorrow projects: What results so far? Blue Growth- offshore challenges and opportunities 27 November 2014 Brussels The view of the offshore sector

Dr. Arne Fredheim Research Director Aquaculture Technology SINTEF and Aquaculture

Technology for a better society 1 Introduction - Offshore Aquaculture – why? Need for • Global production of fish has to be increased by 60 mill. tons in 2030 (FAO) • The increase will come through marine aquaculture and technological development will play a major role in future expansion of the industry (FAO) • Offshore aquaculture is both an opportunity and a strong technological challenge 100 30

90

) ) 25

80 tonnes 70 tonnes

20

60

50 15 Norway 40 China 10 30 Chile

20 similar and Japan

Global production Global (million 2011 Global production Global (million 2011 5 UK 10

Marineaquaculture fish Others Fish 0 0 top Global producers 2012 Wild capture fisheries Aquaculture 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Production (mill tonnes) Ocean Brackish water Inland /fresh water

Technology for a better society Introduction - Offshore Aquaculture – why? Access to land and water • Little land available – Unavailability of freshwater – Future will likely be marine aquaculture • Challenges also for marine aquaculture – Other industries – Recreational use – Public opposition • Adequate waters - sites – Bottom topography – water depth – temperature, oxygen, salinity • The offshore challenge not solved – operational aspects – cost of equipment

Technology for a better society Offshore Aquaculture Can new technology make new areas available ?

Tension Leg Cage, SUBflex Inc., Israel Submergible PolarCirkel, SINTEF, Norway AKVA group, Norway

Sea Station, Ocean Spar LLC, Sadco Shelf, Aquapod, Ocean Farm USA Russia technologies, USA

Technology for a better society Offshore Aquaculture - challenges Complex operations including live animals Feeding Operations

Fish biology HSE

Equipment Logistics

Technology for a better society Offshore Aquaculture - opportunities Illustr: Aqualine Industrialized • Increasingly larger farms – Circumference 60 → 160m – 200 000 fish in one single cage (1000 tons) – 10-12 cages at one site 1000 tons of fish in one single net cage – 15 000 tons at one location …equivalent to 2200 cows! • Feed barges Illustr: AKVA group – Up 1000 ton storage – At peak loaded every 2-3 days – Control rooms and monitoring – Living quarters • 350 million salmon standing in Norwegian cages

Technology for a better society Offshore aquaculture - opportunity Evolution rather than revolution

• Search for more space and stable water conditions • Temperate, oxygen, salinity • Fewer and larges farms • Expanding existing systems towards the open ocean Farming the deep blue conference • Existing ”traditional” farming equipment for (2004) Hs above 3 m • Definition - class 1 to 4 • Present status Class 3 - Exposed • Durations of weather – time to operate • Reliability and operability

Technology for a better society

Offshore aquaculture The worlds largest fish farm?

8 Technology for a better society Offshore aquaculture – opportunities and challenges Some realistic possibilities for co-use of space

1. Aquaculture operations with no or limited interactions like farming of seaweed and (self feeding aquaculture) 2. Aquaculture operations which require supply of feed, like finfish and crustaceans (fed aquaculture) 3. Artificial reefs – provide breeding grounds and juvenile habitats

• Main challenges for fin fish aquaculture • Water depth and feed logistics • Common use of infrastructure • Infrastructure for feed storage • Remote operations • Operation and management • Common use of personnel and vessels • Mooring and attachment – probably not

Technology for a better society 9 Next generation cage?

• Diameter of 110 meter • 67 meter high • Teste for Hs of 5 meter • 8 times volume of standard cage

Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar

Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar Illustration: Ocean Farming/Salmar

Technology for a better society Summary

• Global need of food and energy • Reduce green house gas emission • Healthy seafood – low greenhouse gas emission compered to land meat • Growth of marine aquaculture • Opportunities offshore

• Common challenges offshore wind and aquaculture • Access to land and space • Operations at exposed and distance locations • Logistic of people and equipment

Technology for a better society Technology for a better society

Technology for a better society 12