A New Vision for Native Shrubs It Starts with a Vision
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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
Laurentian Mixed Forest Province, Cliff/Talus System Summary
CT Cliff and Talus System photo by M.D. Lee MN DNR Lake County, MN General Description Communities in the Cliff/Talus (CT) System are present on cliffs or talus slopes on steep- sided knobs, in river gorges, along lakeshores, and in other settings with sheer bedrock exposures. Often, cliffs and talus slopes are associated with one another because talus slopes are composed of rock fractured either from cliffs or from exposed bedrock on steep hillsides. The vegetation of CT communities is generally open. Lichens and moss- es are the dominant life forms, with vascular plants sparse or patchy because of scarcity of soil. In this classification, cliff communities are grouped by moisture and light regimes and by bedrock type, which are the major determinants of species composition. Cliff habitats range from warm and dry to cool and wet depending on cliff aspect, proximity to streams or lake shores, and presence of groundwater seepage on the cliff face. In the Laurentian Mixed Forest (LMF) Province, cliffs are formed most commonly of igneous bedrock, although cliffs on metamorphic rock are also common. Talus communities are classified according to amount of woody plant cover and moisture regime. In the LMF Province, CT communities are restricted mostly to the North Shore High- lands and Border Lakes subsections in NSU, where Precambrian bedrock is frequently at or just below the surface and topography is often rugged. Scattered cliffs are present in WSU and are likely in the Laurentian Uplands Subsection in NSU and the Littlefork- Vermilion Uplands Subsection in Northern Minnesota & Ontario Peatlands MOP, primar- ily along lakes and streams where water has exposed the underlying bedrock. -
Well-Known Plants in Each Angiosperm Order
Well-known plants in each angiosperm order This list is generally from least evolved (most ancient) to most evolved (most modern). (I’m not sure if this applies for Eudicots; I’m listing them in the same order as APG II.) The first few plants are mostly primitive pond and aquarium plants. Next is Illicium (anise tree) from Austrobaileyales, then the magnoliids (Canellales thru Piperales), then monocots (Acorales through Zingiberales), and finally eudicots (Buxales through Dipsacales). The plants before the eudicots in this list are considered basal angiosperms. This list focuses only on angiosperms and does not look at earlier plants such as mosses, ferns, and conifers. Basal angiosperms – mostly aquatic plants Unplaced in order, placed in Amborellaceae family • Amborella trichopoda – one of the most ancient flowering plants Unplaced in order, placed in Nymphaeaceae family • Water lily • Cabomba (fanwort) • Brasenia (watershield) Ceratophyllales • Hornwort Austrobaileyales • Illicium (anise tree, star anise) Basal angiosperms - magnoliids Canellales • Drimys (winter's bark) • Tasmanian pepper Laurales • Bay laurel • Cinnamon • Avocado • Sassafras • Camphor tree • Calycanthus (sweetshrub, spicebush) • Lindera (spicebush, Benjamin bush) Magnoliales • Custard-apple • Pawpaw • guanábana (soursop) • Sugar-apple or sweetsop • Cherimoya • Magnolia • Tuliptree • Michelia • Nutmeg • Clove Piperales • Black pepper • Kava • Lizard’s tail • Aristolochia (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman's pipe) • Asarum (wild ginger) Basal angiosperms - monocots Acorales -
Streamhead Canebrakes Are Treeless Or Sparsely Treed Vegetation Dominated by Arundinaria Tecta in Seepage-Fed Drainages
STREAMHEAD CANEBRAKE Concept: Streamhead Canebrakes are treeless or sparsely treed vegetation dominated by Arundinaria tecta in seepage-fed drainages. Tree plus broadleaf shrub cover is generally less than 25 percent in good examples but may be higher if fire frequency has been reduced. Most of this rare community type is in the Sandhills Region, but it might occur in sand dune areas elsewhere in the Coastal Plain. Distinguishing Features: Streamhead Canebrakes are distinguished from other communities of seepage-fed streamheads by the dominance of Arundinaria tecta combined with low cover of trees and other shrubs (less than 25 percent). They are distinguished from Peatland Canebrakes by occurring in streamheads rather than in flat or domed peatlands, Carolina bays, or shallow outer Coastal Plain swales. Synonyms: Arundinaria gigantea ssp. tecta Shrubland (CEGL003843) (not distinguished from Peatland Canebrake in NVC). Atlantic Coastal Plain Streamhead Seepage Swamp, Pocosin and Baygall (CES203.252). Sites: Streamhead Canebrakes occur along mucky headwater and small stream bottoms in dissected sandhill areas, where soils are kept saturated by seepage. Soils: Soils are mucky mineral soils, most often mapped as Johnston (Cumulic Humaquept). Hydrology: Hydrology is typical of the theme as a whole, with long-term saturation by nutrient- poor water but with little or no stream flooding or standing water. Vegetation: Vegetation consists of a dense thicket of Arundinaria tecta and limited cover of broadleaf shrubs. Pinus serotina, Liriodendron tulipifera, Pinus taeda, Nyssa biflora, and Magnolia virginiana may form a sparse canopy. Any of the species of Streamhead Pocosin may be present in moderate numbers. Lyonia lucida is the most abundant other shrub in CVS plot data. -
Circumneutral Mixed Shrub Wetland System
Circumneutral Mixed Shrub Wetland System: Palustrine Subsystem: Shrubland PA Ecological Group(s): Basin Wetland Global Rank: G4G5 State Rank: S3 General Description This shrub-dominated wetland community occurs in a variety of palustrine settings, including the upland edge of marshes, at the wetter edge of red maple wetlands, in small upland depressions, stream floodplains, and at the base of slopes. The community may represent a successional stage between abandoned agricultural land and a forest community. The substrate is generally very poorly drained shallow peat or mineral soil with a thin organic layer. These wetlands are generally seasonally flooded and may remain saturated for much of the growing season. Nutrient enrichment is generally the result of discharge from groundwater or inflow from the surrounding watershed. The pH of these systems is broadly circumneutral to somewhat calcareous, and calciphiles may be present. Many of these wetlands were or currently are influenced by beaver activity or other impoundments. Grazing (past and present) and previous land use history (e.g., farming) may also be a factor. Community size ranges from small inclusions to extensive acreage. The community is characterized by a substantial tall-shrub layer that may be dominated by a single shrub species or a patchwork of mixed shrubs. Shrub species typically found in this community include: smooth alder (Alnus serrulata), speckled alder (A. incana ssp. rugosa), ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius), willows (Salix spp.), American elder (Sambucus canadensis), dogwoodc (Cornus spp.), water- willow (Decodon verticillatus), buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis), winterberry (Ilex verticillata), viburnum (Viburnum spp.), meadow-sweet (Spiraea spp.), and swamp rose (Rosa palustris). Scattered seedling/sapling sized trees may be present such as red maple (Acer rubrum). -
Native Plant Catalog
native plant catalog HERBACEOUS PLANTS Page 1 Botanical Name Common Name Color Bloom Light Soil Height Agastache 'Black Adder' Hyssop Violet-Blue June-Sept Full Sun M-D 2-3' Fragrant flowers attract bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds; Compact and good for containers; Deer resistant. Allium cernuum Nodding Onion Lt Pink May-June Sun-Pt Shade D 12-18” Attracts bees and butterflies; perfect for rocky soils; tolerates drought once established. Amsonia 'Blue Ice' Blue Star Dark Blue Apr-May Sun-Pt Shade M 12-15" Attracts hummingbirds, bees, and butterflies; foliage turns golden yellow in fall, adding stunning color to the garden. Amsonia tab. var. salicifolia Eastern Bluestar Lt Blue Apr-May Sun-Pt Shade M 2-3’ Attracts bees and butterflies; tolerates clay soil and drought; attractive yellow fall color. Stake in moist soils. Aquilegia canadensis Wild Columbine Red and Yellow Apr-May Part Shade M-D 1-3' Attracts hummingbirds and butterflies; self sows in woodland garden. Tolerates dry soil and deer. Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-Pulpit Green/Maroon Apr-June Shade M 1-2' Bright red berry cluster in fall provides food for birds, mammals, and turtles. A true specimen plant for the woodland garden. Asarum canadense Wild Ginger Maroon May-June Shade M 6" Alternate larval host plant for pipevine swallowtail butterfly; a wonderful slow-spreading groundcover for deep shade. Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Rose-Pink July-Sept Full Sun M-W 3-5’ Larval host for monarch butterfly; attracts bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds; a good choice for rain gardens; tolerates clay soils. Asclepias syriaca Common Milkweed Pale Pink July-Sept Full Sun M-D 2-4' Larval host for monarch butterfly; attracts bees, butterflies and hummingbirds; tolerates clay soils. -
Sweetpepper Bush Clethra Alnifolia L
W&M ScholarWorks Reports 11-1-1999 Sweetpepper Bush Clethra alnifolia L. Gene Silberhorn Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/reports Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Silberhorn, G. (1999) Sweetpepper Bush Clethra alnifolia L.. Wetland Flora Technical Reports, Wetlands Program, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/m2-ep1m-de63 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Reports by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wetlands Technical Report Program Wetland Flora No. 99-11 / November 1999 Gene Silberhorn Sweetpepper Bush Clethra alnifolia L. Growth Habit and Diagnostic Characteristics Habitat Sweetpepper bush is a coastal freshwater shrub with Sweetpepper bush is most likely found in wooded simple, deciduous, alternate leaves (3 to 6 inches wetlands in coastal Virginia, but can grow elsewhere long) and serrated margins. It often grows in dense in non-wetland areas. It is the dominant shrub in the thickets from 3 to 10 feet tall. In mid-summer, the Great Dismal Swamp in Virginia and North Carolina. shrub produces a terminal inflorescence (raceme) of Dense thickets exist there that are difficult to penetrate small, white fragrant flowers. By late summer or early during the growing season. In the Swamp, it is often fall, green, globular capsules (1/8- 1/4 in. wide) associated with fetterbush (Lyonia lucida) and coastal appear (as illustrated) and turn gray by late autumn/ sweetbells (Leucothoe axillaris). -
The Natural Communities of South Carolina
THE NATURAL COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA BY JOHN B. NELSON SOUTH CAROLINA WILDLIFE & MARINE RESOURCES DEPARTMENT FEBRUARY 1986 INTRODUCTION The maintenance of an accurate inventory of a region's natural resources must involve a system for classifying its natural communities. These communities themselves represent identifiable units which, like individual plant and animal species of concern, contribute to the overall natural diversity characterizing a given region. This classification has developed from a need to define more accurately the range of natural habitats within South Carolina. From the standpoint of the South Carolina Nongame and Heritage Trust Program, the conceptual range of natural diversity in the state does indeed depend on knowledge of individual community types. Additionally, it is recognized that the various plant and animal species of concern (which make up a significant remainder of our state's natural diversity) are often restricted to single natural communities or to a number of separate, related ones. In some cases, the occurrence of a given natural community allows us to predict, with some confidence, the presence of specialized or endemic resident species. It follows that a reasonable and convenient method of handling the diversity of species within South Carolina is through the concept of these species as residents of a range of natural communities. Ideally, a nationwide classification system could be developed and then used by all the states. Since adjacent states usually share a number of community types, and yet may each harbor some that are unique, any classification scheme on a national scale would be forced to recognize the variation in a given community from state to state (or region to region) and at the same time to maintain unique communities as distinctive. -
Morton Virginia Sweetspire – Scarlet Beauty™ Itea Virginica ‘Morton’
CHICAGOLAND GROWS®, INC. Plant Introduction Program - Plant Release Bulletin #28 Morton Virginia Sweetspire – Scarlet Beauty™ Itea virginica ‘Morton’ The Morton Virginia sweetspire is a summer-flowering shrub with excellent fall color. This selection has superior hardiness and a higher soil pH tolerance than other cultivars of the species. An easy-to-grow native shrub selected from the collections at The Morton Arboretum. Chicagoland Grows® is a nonprofit corporation of the Chicago Botanic Garden, The Morton Arboretum, and the Ornamental Growers Association of Northern Illinois (OGA). Morton Virginia Sweetspire – Scarlet Beauty™ Itea virginica ‘Morton’ Botanical Name Ornamental Characteristics Itea virginica ‘Morton’ The white flowers are densely borne on numerous pendant 3-inch-long inflorescences that are produced from mid-June Common Name to early July, when few other shrubs are in bloom. The flowers Morton Virginia Sweetspire have a faint but pleasing fragrance and are attractive to butterflies. Medium-green foliage all summer changes to deep Family orange-red to red-purple in autumn, peaking in early November Iteaceae and persisting through a very hard frost. In milder climates, the colorful foliage can persist much of the winter. The stems can Origin also turn a pleasing red color during winter months. Selected in 1999 by Kris Bachtell of The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, from a plant that has been in the Arboretum’s Culture collection since the late 1950s. The species is native throughout Best grown on moist to wet soils with ample organic matter. the southeastern United States, from coastal Florida north to As with most selections of Virginia sweetspire, ‘Morton’ prefers New Jersey and from eastern Texas north into southern Illinois. -
Audubon Native Alternatives Flyer V5
NATIVE ALTERNATIVES to Common Landscape Plants of Southwestern Pennsylvania Many plants that are used in landscaping offer little value to birds, pollinators, and wildlife. Some common landscaping plants such as English Ivy can even cause damage to our local ecosystem by escaping yards and aggressively replacing native plants in natural settings. Gardening with native plants is easy and protects the biodiversity of our region. Read below for some suggested native plants to use in place of common landscape plants. PERENNIALS Common Plant Native Replacement Other Suggested Native Replacements Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) 1 New York Ironweed (Vernonia noveboracensis) is a nectar source for various Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) pollinators and its seeds are a food source for many birds and small mammals. Blazing Star (Liatris spicata) Blue Vervain (Verbena haststa) Exotic Bamboo (Bambusa, Phyllostschys, Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans) provides cover, nesting areas, and nesting Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) and Pseudosasa species) 2 material for birds and is the larval host for the Pepper and Salt Skipper Butterfly. Bottlebrush Grass (Elymus hystrix) Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) Common Daylily (Hermerocallis fulva) 3 Butterfly Weed (Asclepsias tuberosa) is a host plant for Monarchs, Queen, and Ox Eye (Heliopsis helianthoides) Gray Hairstreak butterflies, and attracts hummingbirds. Canada Lily (Lilium canadense) Turk’s Cap Lily (Lilium superbum) Hosta (Hosta species) Blue Cohosh (Caulophyllum thalictroides) provides nectar and pollen for Coral Bells (Heuchera americana) pollinators and the berries are an important fruit source for birds. False Solomon’s Seal (Maianthemum racemosum) Mums (Chrysanthemum species) New England Aster (Aster novae-angliae) supports bees and butterflies White Wood Aster (Aster divaricatus) and is the larval host for the Pearl Crescent Butterfly. -
Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials That Intrigue Me (Gymnosperms First
Big-picture, evolutionary view of trees and shrubs (and a few of my favorite herbaceous perennials), ver. 2007-11-04 Descriptions of the trees and shrubs taken (stolen!!!) from online sources, from my own observations in and around Greenwood Lake, NY, and from these books: • Dirr’s Hardy Trees and Shrubs, Michael A. Dirr, Timber Press, © 1997 • Trees of North America (Golden field guide), C. Frank Brockman, St. Martin’s Press, © 2001 • Smithsonian Handbooks, Trees, Allen J. Coombes, Dorling Kindersley, © 2002 • Native Trees for North American Landscapes, Guy Sternberg with Jim Wilson, Timber Press, © 2004 • Complete Trees, Shrubs, and Hedges, Jacqueline Hériteau, © 2006 They are generally listed from most ancient to most recently evolved. (I’m not sure if this is true for the rosids and asterids, starting on page 30. I just listed them in the same order as Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II.) This document started out as my personal landscaping plan and morphed into something almost unwieldy and phantasmagorical. Key to symbols and colored text: Checkboxes indicate species and/or cultivars that I want. Checkmarks indicate those that I have (or that one of my neighbors has). Text in blue indicates shrub or hedge. (Unfinished task – there is no text in blue other than this text right here.) Text in red indicates that the species or cultivar is undesirable: • Out of range climatically (either wrong zone, or won’t do well because of differences in moisture or seasons, even though it is in the “right” zone). • Will grow too tall or wide and simply won’t fit well on my property. -
Clethra, Or Summersweet, Attracts Butterflies and Numerous Pollinators and Is a Great Alternative to the Invasive Butterfly Bush
Share this: Clethra, or Summersweet, attracts butterflies and numerous pollinators and is a great alternative to the invasive butterfly bush. Its bright green leaves are followed by fragrant spires of flowers in mid to late summer. Here at the nursery, they are about to pop into bloom any day now. We carry the following selections. All Clethra prefer a moist to wet site, sun to light shade. Clethra alnifolia: Grows 4' or more, white blossoms. One of the easiest butterfly shrubs you can have. This is the 'straight species' that occurs naturally in low areas around woodlands and wetlands. Clethra alnifolia 'Ruby Spice': This selection bears deep rose-colored, non-fading fragrant flowers. 6'-8' high. Clethra alnifolia 'Hummingbird': A dwarf selection that grows 2-1/2 to 3-1/2 feet tall. Clethra alnifolia 'Sixteen Candles'" Lustrous dark green foliage, 4" to 6" racemes are held upright like birthday candles (pictured on far left). The shrub reaches 3'-5'. SUMMER BLOOMING PERENNIALS If you have not visited the nursery yet, now is the time. Summer is when native plants out-do themselves with color. Combined with the many insects and birds they support, the show is non-stop. Visit our demonstration gardens and view the selection of over 300 native species we offer for sale. Many of our plants are seed grown to enhance genetic diversity in the ecosystem. What People Are Saying About Classes at Edge of the Woods "Thanks so much! I had a great time and learned a lot"! "Everyone was so friendly and helpful. I'm glad I came." "I am so glad I came, I never visited before and will definitely be back." Edge of the Woods Native Plant Nursery is a women-owned, independent business.