Index of Persons

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83221-2 - The Cambridge Companion to Ballet Edited by Marion Kant Index More information

Indexofpersons

Abromeit, Klaus 45 Bargrave,Robert(1628–61) 39,40 Adam, Adolphe Charles (1803–56) 116, Barrez, Jean-Baptiste 121 141–2, 144, 146–7 Baryshnikov, Mikhail (b. 1948) 43, 286 Adams, Diana 233 Batteux, Charles (1713–60) 93, 176 Addison, Joseph (1672–1719) 78 Bauchant, Andre´ (1873–1958) 243 Adice, G. Leopold´ 72 Baudelaire, Charles (1821–1867) 182–3 Aesop 240 Bayle, Christine 43 Aglie,´ Filippo, d’ (1604–67) 28 Beaman, Patricia 43 Albert, François Decombe (1787–1865) 75 Beauchamps, Pierre (1631–1705) 66–7, 83, Allard, Mlle 91 277 Alonso, Alicia (Alicia Ernestina de la Caridad Beaujoyeux, Balthasar de (Baltazarini o del Cobre Martinez Hoya) (b. 1920) Baldassarre b. before 1535, d. c.1587) 263–71 29, 30 Alvarez, Tito (photo) 265 Beaumont, Francis 36 Andersen, Frank 127, 136 Bedford, Lady (Isabella, countess of Bedford Andersen, Hans Christian (1805–75) 132 (1332–79) 38 Angiolini, Gasparo (1731–1803) 56, 59–61, Beethoven, Ludwig van (1770–1827) 148, 93–4, 152, 176 221–2 Anna of Denmark (1574–1619) 33 Bejart,´ Maurice (1927) 251, 286–7, 289 Anna Ivanovna, Empress of Russia Bely,Andrey(BorisNikolaevichBugaev) (1693–1740) 152 (1880–1934) 212 Anne of Austria (1601–1666) 19, 25 Benois, Alexandre (1870–1960) 158, 212, 216 Anne, Queen of England (1665–1714) 38, 78 Benserade, Isaac (1612–91) 22, 30 Anne d’Arcques, Duke of Joyeuse (1561–87) Bentley, George (1828–95) 34 29 Berain, Jean (1638–1711) 48 Apostolides,` Jean-Marie 46 Berners-Lee, Tim 272 Appia, Adolphe (1862–1928) 206 Berlioz, Hector (1803–69) 177 Arbeau, Thoinot (Jehan Tabouret) (1520–95) Bertoluzzi, Francesco 58 15 Bjørn, Dinna 126, 136 Aristotle (384–322bc) 23, 93, 194 Blangstrup, Mads 131 Ashton, Frederick William Mallandaine Blasis, Annunziata (Annunziata Rammacini) (1904–88) 146, 150, 287 76–7 Aspelmayer, Franz (1728–86) 90 Blasis, Carlo (1795–1878) 76–7, 96, 176, Astaire, Fred (1899–1987) 228 185–6 Auber, Daniel-François-Esprit (1782–1871) Blok, Alexander (1880–1921) 226 117 Bocan (Jacques Cordier) 24–5, 34 Aumer, Jean Pierre (1774–1833) 62 Boehm, Theobald (1794–1881) 186 Borlin,¨ Jean (1893–1930) 202–11 Baccelli, Giovanna (d. 1801) 74 Bojesen, Gudrun 127 Bach, Johann Sebastian (1685–1750) 48, 148, Bolm, Adolph Rudolphovich (1884–1954) 157, 167, 225, 243 161 Ba¨ıf, Jean Antoine de (1532–89) 15, 23 Bonaparte, Josephine (1763–1814) 186 Baker, Josephine (1906–75) 227, 230 Bonaparte, Napoleon (1769–1821) 186 Balanchine, George (Georgi Melitonovitch Bonin, Louis (18th c.) 73 Balanchivadze) (1904–83) 42, 146, 149, Bonnard, Pierre (1867–1947) 201, 202, 203 219, 221–2, 224–36, 237–45, 249–50, 253, Borchsenius, Valborg 126 268, 276, 282 Borgonio, Tommaso (1620–83) 28 Ballon (Balon), Claude (also Jean) Bos (Dubos), Jean-Baptiste (Abbe)´ du (1671–1744) 54, 70, 83 (1670–1742) 93, 176 Ballon, François 70 Boullee,´ Etienne-Louis (1728–1799) 104 [331] Banister, John (1630–79) 82 Boquet, Louis-Rene89´

332 Index of persons

Bourne, Matthew (b. 1960) 250 Colucci, Philip 229 Bournonville, August (1805–79) 75, 126–37, Comerre, Leon´ François (1850–1916) 124 140, 150, 155–6, 268 Congreve, William (1670–1729) 81 Brandes, Georg (1842–1927) 133 Cooper, Anthony Ashley, Third Earl of Braque, Georges (1882–1963) 202 Shaftesbury (1671–1713) 85 Brecht, Bertolt (1898–1956) 276 Copland, Aaron (1900–90) 146 Brenaa, Hans 126 Coralli, Jean (1779–1854) 116, 121, 178 Brice, Fanny (1891–1951) 230 Cordier, Jacques 34 Brugnoli, Amalia (c.1810–?) 191 Corelli, Arcangelo (1653–1713) 203 Bryusov, Valery (1873–1924) 212 Cornazano, Antonio (1430–84) 13 Buckingham, Duke of 37, 38, 39 Corneille, Pierre (1606–84) 57, 90 Bueno, Salvador 267 Coulon, Jean-François (1764–1836) 75, 76 Burette, P. J. 93 Craig, Edward Gordon (1872–1966) 206 Burgmuller,¨ Frederich (1804–74) 150 Cranko, John (1927–73) 146, 250, 285 Burney, Charles (1726–1814) 79, 81 Crebillon,´ Claude Prosper Jolyot de 57, 58 Bussus, Filippus 12 Crowne, John (1641–1712) 40, 41 Byrd, Donald 250 Cruz, Heidi 254 Cullberg, Birgit (1908–90) 287 Cage, John (1912–92) 208 Cunningham, Merce (b. 1919) 208 Cahusac, Louis de (1700–59) 53, 55–6, 93 Calzibigi (Calzabigi), Raniero di (1714–95) Dai Ailian (b. 1916) 258 89 Dandre,´ Victor (1870–1944) 162 Camargo, Marie Anne de Cupis (1710–70) Daniel, Samuel (1562/3–1619) 33, 34 62, 74, 87, 162 Danilova, Alexandra (1903–97) 226–7, 240, Campanini, Mr 87 249 Campion, Thomas (1567–1620) 34 Dardel, Nils (1888–1943) 201, 204 Careri, Giovanni 46 Dauberval, Jean (Jean Bercher) (1742–1806) Carew, Thomas (1594/5–1640) 33, 34 61, 89, 91 Carl Eugene, Duke of Wurttemberg (1732–97) Davenant, William (1606–68) 34 56, 89–90, 95 David, Jacques-Louis (1748–1825) 98, 101–3, Caroso,Fabritio(c.1526–c.1605) 11, 15, 33, 107 176 Debord, Guy (1931) 46 Carpentier, Alejandro (1904–80) 269 Debussy, Claude (1862–1918) 145, 203 Castil-Blaze, François Henri Joseph Degas, Edgar (1834–1917) 190 (1784–1857) 39, 176–8, 180 Deldevez, Edoardo (Edouardo) (1817–97) Castro, Fidel (1926) 270, 271 144, 150 Castro, Martha, de 269 Deleuze, Gilles (1925–95) 46 Caturla, Alejandro Garc´ıa 269 Delibes, Leo´ (1836–91) 141–2, 144, 146, Caverley, Thomas (c.1648–1745) 78–9, 83–4 148–9 Cazotte, Jacques (1719–92) 122 Dell’Era, Antonietta (c.1861–?) 247 Cecchetti, Enrico (1850–1928) 287 Demachy, Pierre Antoine (1723–1807) 108 Cerrito, Fanny (1817–1909) 121, 131 Denby, Edwin (1903–83) 225, 252, 263–4 Chapman, George 33 Denishawn (Ruth St Denis) (1879–1968) 257 Charles I (1625–49) 33, 37–9, 41 Depero, Fortunato (1892–1960) 206 Charles II (1630–85) 40, 41 De Maisse, French ambassador at Elizabeth I’s Chauvire,´ Ivette (1917) 266 court 33 Chekhov, Anton (1860–1904) 213 Deshayes, AndreJacques-Franc´ ¸ois Chirico, Giorgio, de (1888–1978) 238 (1777–1846) 75 Chopin, Fred´ eric´ (1810–49) 165, 226 Diaghilev, Serge (Sergei Diagilev) (1872–1929) Christian VIII (1786–1848) 132 161, 163, 201–4, 210–11, 212, 214, 216, Christensen, Willem 248–9 218, 225, 227–8, 239, 248, 279, 282, 287 Christine, Queen of France (daughter of Henry Didelot, Charles (1767–1837) 190, 237 IV and Maria de Medici) 28, 29 Didelot, Rose (Rose Paul) (d. 1803) 64 Christout, Marie Françoise (b. 1928) 22–3, 46 Diderot, Denis (1713–84) 87, 93, 95, 202, 206 Ciceri, Pierre (1782–1868 ) 114 Dolin, Anton (Sydney Francis Patrick Cixi, Chinese Empress Dowager 257 Healey-Kay) (1904–83) 266 Clustine, Ivan (1862–1941) 248 Donizetti, Domenico Gaetano Maria Cocteau, Jean (1889–1963) 204, 205 (1797–1848) 146

333 Index of persons

Doubrovska, Felia (1896–1981) 242, 288 Gaffoyne, Jasper 33 Drigo, Riccardo (1846–1930) 165, 167–8 Gallini, Giovanni-Andrea (1728–1805) 72 Dryden, John (1631–1700) 40 Gardel, Maximilien (1741–87) 62, 91, 98 Duchamp, Marcel (1887–1968) 233, 283 Gardel, Pierre (1758–1840) 60, 62, 91, 98, Dudinskaya, Natalya (1912–2003) 280 100–1, 106–7, 149 Dufort, Giambattista (c.1680?) 71 Garrick, David (1717–79) 88–90, 96 Dumilatre,ˆ Adele (1821–1909) 121 Gautier, (Pierre Jules) Theophile´ (1811–72) Dumoulin,Mr(brothers,firsthalf 18thc.)74 115–16, 118, 153–4, 177–81, 183, 184–5, Duncan,Irma(IrmaDoretteHenriette 189, 191, 193, 195–6, 283 Ehrich-Grimme) (1897–1977) 257 Gence, J. B. 106 Duncan, Isadora (Dora Angela) (1877–1927) Gene,´ Beth 227 49, 194–5, 209, 215, 218, 226, 239, 257, Gentil, Louis 182 274–5, 279 Gershwin, George (1898–1937) 225, 228, 234 Duport, Pierre Landrin 138 Geva, Tamara (1908–97) 226–7 Dupre,´ Louis (1697–1774) 56, 87 Gide, Casimir (1804–68) 144 Durer,¨ Albrecht (1471–1528) 12 Gielgud, Maina (b. 1945) 287 Gillray, James (1757–1815) 64 Ebreo, Guglielmo (1420–84) 11, 13, 16–17 Glazunov, Alexander Konstantinovich Edgar, Sarah 43 (1865–1936) 142, 169 Edison, Thomas Alva (1847–1931) 188 Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich (1804–57) 226 Ek, Mats (1945) 289 Gluck, Christoph Willibald (1714–87) 89–90, El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) 97 (1541–1614) 202, 206 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832) Eliot, T. S. (Thomas Stearns) (1888–1965) 47 188–9 Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1533–1603) Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich (1809–52) 153 33 Goleizovsky, Kasyan (1892–1970) 219–22, Ellington, Edward “Duke” (1899–1974) 250 226, 239 Elssler, Fanny (1810–84) 75, 118, 121, 143, Golovin, Aleksandr (1863–1930) 212–13 179, 181, 184, 191, 196, 268, 280 Goncourt,EdmondLouisAntoineHuotde Elssler, Ther´ ese` (Fanny’s elder sister) 179, 191 (1822–96) 115 Elyot, Thomas (c.1490–1546) 17 Goodwin, Woel¨ 148 Erdman, Boris (1899–1960) 219 Gorsky, Alexander Alekseevich (Aleksandr) Essex, John (d. 1744) 80 (1871–1924) 160, 213–14, 216, 218–20, Este, Isabella, d’ (1474–1539) 12 223 Gossec, François-Joseph (1734–1829) 100 Farrell, Suzanne (b. 1945) 227, 234, 235 Gosselin, Genevieve` (1791–1818) 75 Faure,´ Gabriel (1845–1924) 150, 234 Gounod, Charles-François (1818–93) 233 Favart, Charles Simon (1710–92) 87 Graham, Martha (1894–1991) 42, 224, 228, Federova, Alexandra (1884–1972) 248 234 Feuillet, Raoul Auger (1675–1710) 43, 55, Grahn, Lucile (1819–1907) 131, 182, 280 62–3, 67–8, 73, 79–80, 84–5, 277 Grange, Marie Anne de la 87 Ficino, Marsilio (1433–99) 14, 15 Gretry,´ Andre-Ernest-Modest´ (1741–1813) Fiorentino, Pier-Angelo (1806–64) 183 140 Flindt, Flemming (b. 1936) 127 Greuze, Jean-Baptiste (1725–1805) 101, 106 Fokine, Mikhail Mikhailovich (Michel) Greve, Marie-Pierre 131 (1880–1942) 146, 161, 202–4, 207–8, Grimm, Jacob (1785–1863) and Wilhelm 214–20, 223, 226, 268, 275 (1786–1859) 212 Fonteyn, Margot (1919–91) 266, 288 Grisi, Carlotta (1819–99) 115, 118, 131, 147, Forsythe, William (b. 1949) 46, 285, 289 153–4, 179–82, 268, 280 Fournel, Victor 48 Gropius, Walter (1883–1969) 276 Francini, Tommaso 21 Guest, Ivor (b. 1920) 146 Franck, Cesar´ (1822–90) 148 Guimard, Marie-Madeleine (1741–87) 62, Franko, Mark 26, 30, 45, 46 89, 91 Frederick II of Prussia (1712–86) 87 Fridericia, Allan 135 Habermas, Jurgen¨ (b. 1929) 175 Hakonsson,˚ Helena Fredrika (1809–95) 131 Gad, Rose (b. 1968) 127 Halevy,´ Jacques-François-Fromental-Elie Gade, Niels W. (1817–90) 136 (1799–1862) 141, 149

334 Index of persons

Halifax, George Savile Marquess of (1633–95) Jonson, Ben[jamin] (1572–1637) 34 82 Jooss, Kurt (1901–79) 42, 210, 258, 284 Hallwyl, Countess Wilhelmina von 201 Jordan, Stephanie 225 Handel, George Frederick (1685–1759) 243 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1741–90) Hartmann, J. P. E. 132 90 Haskell, Arnold (1903–80) 266–7 Joseph, Charles M. 225, 228 Hart, Lorenz (1895–1943) 225, 230 Hasset, Caleb 34 Karalli, Vera 214 Haydn, Joseph (1732–1809) 149 Karsavina, Tamara (1885–1978) 161, 220 Heine, Heinrich (1797–1856) 115, 178, 185 Khachaturian, Aram (1903–78) 146 Heinl, Anna 89 Kinney, Troy (1871–1938) and Margaret Henrietta Maria, Queen Consort (1609–69) (1872–1950) 215 33–4, 37–8, 39, 41 Kirstein, Lincoln (1907–96) 228, 230–1, 235, Henry II, King of France (1519–59) 19 245 Henry III, Valois-Angoulemeˆ King of France Kolnik, Paul, (photo) 229, 235, 254 (1551–89) 19, 29 Kølpin, Alexander 128 Henry IV, King of France (1553–1610) 19, Korovin, Konstantin 213 29 Krasovskaya, Vera M. 159 Henry VIII, King of England (1491–1547 r. Kronstam, Henning 126, 136 1509–47) 32 Kshesinska, Mathilde (1872–1971) 161–3 Henry, Louis (1784–1836) 75 Kylian,´ Jirˇ´ı (b. 1947) 285 Henry, Prince of Prussia (Prinz Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig) (1726–1802) 87 Laban, Rudolf von (1879–1958) 210, 258, Henry, Stuart Prince (1594–1612) 33 275–7, 279, 284, 289 Herold,´ Louis Joseph Ferdinand (1791–1833) Lacroix, Paul (1806–84) 30, 48 146, 149 Lagut, Irene` 204 Hesse-Kassel, Landgrave of (1720–85) 34 Lalo, Edouard´ (1823–92) 145 Hilverding, Franz Anton Christoph (1710–68) Laloy, Louis 243–4 60–1, 88–9, 93–4, 152 Lam, Wilfredo (1902–82) 269 Hindemith, Paul (1895–1963) 231 Laminit, Paul Jakob (1773–1831) 99 Hitler, Adolf (1889–1945) 259 Lancelot, Francine 43 Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus Lande,´ Jean-Baptiste (d. 1748) 152 (1776–1822) 159, 246 Lander, Harald (1905–71) 126–7 Hogarth, William (1697–1764) 176 Lander, Toni (1931–85) 131 Hope, Bob (1903–2003) 230 Lany, Mr 87 Horgan, Barbara 234 Laroche (Larosh), Herman (German Hugo, Jean 204 Avgustovich) (1845–1904) 164–5, 167 Hugo, Victor 115–16 Lauze, Franc¸ois de 20, 38–9, 42, 176 Hubbe,¨ Nikolaj (b. 1967) 126, 128, 137 Lavrovsky, Leonid (1905–67) 222 Hurault, Andre,SieurdeMaisse´ 33 Le Brun, Charles (1619–90) 108 Hurok, Sol (1888–1974) 266 LeClerq, Tanaquil (1929–2000) 227, 232 Lecuona, Ernesto 269 Isaac, Mr 78–80, 82–4 Leeder, Sigurd (1902–81) 258 Ivanov, Lev (1834–1901) 151–3, 159–61, 165, Leger,´ Ferand (1881–1955) 202–4, 206, 208 167, 170, 246–8, 250, 253 Legnani, Pierina (1868–1930) 161, 193 Ives, Charles (1874–1954) 228 Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716) 46 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich (Ulyanov) (1870–1924) Jacobson, Leonid (1904–75) 43 218, 280 Jacoby, Ann 43 Lepeshinskaya, Olga (b. 1916) 280 James I, King of Scotland, England and Ireland Leroux, Pauline 121 (1566–1625) 33, 36 Levinson, Andre´ (1887–1933) 237, 240–1, Janin, Jules (1804–74) 115, 178–93 243–5 Jenyns, Soame (1704–87) 80 Li Cunxin 261 Jiang Dong 261 Li Yu (1611–79) 256 Jiang Qing 261 Lifar, Serge (1905–86) 240, 242 Johnson, Samuel (1709–84) 88, 90 Lima, Jose´ Lezama 269 Jommelli, Nicolo` (1714–74) 90 Limon,´ Jose´ (1908–72) 42 Jones, Inigo (1573–1652) 34 Lippe, Rudolf zur 46

335 Index of persons

Lopukhov, Fyodor (1886–1973) 219–23, 226, Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix (1809–47) 48, 239 234 Lorenzo, Riolama 229 Menestrier,´ Claude-Franc¸ois (1631–1705) Louis XIII (1601–43) 19, 25, 30 24, 27 Louis XIV (1638–1715) 19, 15, 41, 46, 53, 63, Merlin, Oliver 266 66,75,83,100,120,157,167,169,243 Messager, Andre´ (1853–1929) 144, 150 Louis XV (1710–74) 91 Meyerbeer, Giacomo (Jacob Meyer Beer) Løvenskjold, Herman (1815–70) 150 (1791–1864) 188 Lucian of Samosata (c. ad 120–after 180) 84 Meyerhold, Vsevolod (1874–1940?) 212, 239, Lully, Jean-Baptiste (1632–87) 25, 30, 48, 63, 276 66, 83, 157, 167, 237, 243 Middleton, Thomas (1580–1627) 34 Lunacharsky, Anatoly (1875–1933) 212, 218, Milhaud, Darius (1892–1974) 208 239 Milloss, Aurel von (1906–88) 210 Lund, Thomas 127, 136 Milton, John (1608–74) 37–8 Minkus, Leon´ (Ludwig) (1827–1917) 142, MacKenzie, John M. 243 148, 156, 161, 169 MacMillan, Kenneth (1929–92) 146, 287 Mitchell, Arthur (b. 1934) 233 McGowan, Margaret 30, 46 Moliere` (Jean Baptiste Poquelin) (1622–73) Magri, Gennaro (2nd half 18th c.) 63, 71–4 66, 83 Makarova, Natalia Romanovna (b. 1940) 286 Monet, Claude (1840–1926) 201 Malevich, Casimir (1878–1935) 206 Monnet, Jean 87 Mallarme,´ Stephane´ (1842–98) 213 Montagut, Barthelemy´ de 38–9 Malpied, N. 62 Montes,` Lola (Eliza Rosanna Gilbert) Manach,˜ Jorge (1898–1961) 269 (1821–61) 183 Manzotti, Luigi (1835–1905) 213 Montessu, Pauline (1805–77) 121 Mao Zedong (1893–1976) 260–2 Morris, Mark (b. 1956) 47, 250, 289 Marcel, M. 87 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (1756–91) 91–2 de Mare,´ Rolf (1888–1964) 201–3, 206 Murphy, Graeme (b. 1950) 250 Marguerite de Lorraine (1615–72) 29 Mussolini, Benito (1883–1945) 279 Maria Theresa of Austria (1717–80) 90 Mustel, Auguste (1842–1919) 307 Marie Antoinette, Maria Antonia Josepha Mustel, Victor (1815–90) 150 Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (1755–93) 91 Nabokov, Nicolas (1904–78) 234 Marmontel, Jean-Franc¸ois (1723–99) 95 Negri, Cesare (1535–1604) 11, 15, 33 Marin, Louis (b. 1931) 46 Neumeier,John(b.1942) 250,285 Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso (1876–1944) Newton, Sir Isaac (1642–1727) 104, 188 278, 279 Nietzsche, Friedrich (1844–1900) 274–5 Markova, Alicia (Lilian Alice Marks) Nijinska, Bronislava (1891–1972) 42, 239, (1910–2004) 263, 266, 288 288 Marlborough, Duke of (John Churchill, 1st Nijinsky, Vaclav (Vaslav) (1889–1950) 203, Duke of Marlborough) 84 217, 220, 275, 279 Marquet, Mlle 118 Nikitina, Alice (b. 1909) 242 Martins, Peter (b. 1946) 235 Nikolais, Alwin (1910–93) 208 Marx, Karl (1818–83) 261 Noblet, Lise (1801–52) 118, 121 Mason, Francis 225, 230 Nodier, Charles (1780–1844) 122 Masse,´ Marie-Genevieve` 43 North, Roger (1653–1734) 82 Massin, Beatrice 43 Noverre, Jean-Georges (1727–1810) 42, Massine, Leonide´ (1896–1979) 239, 282 53–65, 71–4, 77, 87–97, 101, 139, 176–7, Matisse, Henri (1869–1954) 201, 224 185, 192, 237 Mazarin, Jules Cardinal (1602–61) 22, 30 Noverre, Jean Louys 87 Mazilier, Joseph (1797–1868) 121, 150 Nureyev, Rudolf (1938–93) 286 Meck, Nadezhda von (1831–94) 157, 167 Medici, Lorenzo de’ (1449–1942) 12 Oehlenschlager,¨ Adam (1779–1850) 132 Medici, Catherine de’ (1519–89) 21 Orgel, Stephen 46 Medici, Maria de’ 28 Ortiz, Fernando (1881–1969) 269 Medtner, Nikolai Karlovich (1880–1951) 226 Pagitt, Justinian (1628–35) 39 Mei Lanfang (1894–1961) 257 Pare,´ Jean-Christophe (b. 1957) 48

336 Index of persons

Parisot, Rose 64 Rameau, Pierre (1674–1748) 43, 62, 70–1 Parr, Audrey 209 Raphael (Raffaello Santi or Raffaello Sanzio) Pasch, Johann (early 18th c.) 69 (1483–1520) 80 Pavlova, Anna (1881–1931) 162, 215, 220, Ravel, Maurice (1875–1937) 146, 234 248, 257, 275 Reber, Napoleon-Henri´ 145 Pedel, William 34 Reisinger, Julius (1828–92) 165 Pelaez,´ Amelia 269 Remond´ de Saint Mard, Toussaint 93 Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista (1710–36) 88 Reynolds, Sir Joshua (1723–92) 86 Perrault, Charles (1628–1703) 84, 157, 167 Rich, John (1692–1761) 81 Perrot, Jules (1810–92) 75, 114, 116, 131, Richardson,P.J.S. 87 147, 153–4 Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis Cardinal Petipa, Jean-Antoine (1787–1855) 153 (1585–1642) 22, 30 Petipa, Lucien (1815–98) 114 Robbins, Jerome (1918–98) 268 Petipa, Marius (Marius Ivanovich) Robespierre, Maximilien Marie Isidor de (1818–1910) 121, 135, 151–63, 165, (1758–94) 92, 103, 109 167–80, 193, 212–13, 216, 218, 220, Roby, Thomas 34 226–7, 237–9, 241–3, 245–7, 251 Rodgers, Richard (1902–79) 225, 230 Petit, Roland (b. 1924) 286 Rodolphe, Jean-Joseph (1730–1812) 58, 89 Piacenza,Domenicoda(c. 1400–76) 13–14 Rodr´ıguez, Mariano (1912–90) 269 Picabia, Francis (François Marie Martinez Rogers, Ginger (1911–95) 228 Picabia) (1879–1953) 203–5 Roig, Gonzalo (1890–1970) 269 Picasso, Pablo (1881–1973) 202–3, 224 Roldan,´ Amadeo (1900–39) 269 Picq, Charles Le (1744–1806) 89 Roller, Andreas 152 Pinera,˜ Virgilio (1912–79) 269 Romanov, Alexander III (1845–95) 159 Piscator, Erwin (1893–1966) 276 Romanov, Grand Duke Andre´ (1879–1956) Pitrot, Antoine-Bonaventure (1744–70) 73–4 162 Plato (c. 427–347 bc) 15, 93, 194 Romanov, Nicholas II (1868–1918) 162 Playford, John (1623–86) 39 Romanov, Grand Duke Sergei (1857–1905) Plisetskaya, Maya (b. 1925) 280, 282, 286 162 Pomerantsev, Andrei 162 Ronsard, Pierre de (1524–85) 15 Porter, Cole (1891–1964) 208 Rosen, Charles (b. 1927) 84 Portocarrero, Rene´ (b. 1912) 269 Rosen, Elsa Marianne von (b. 1924) 127, 135 Prevost,´ Antoine François (Abbe)´ (1697–1763) Rossini, Gioacchino (1792–1868) 113, 145–6, 122 149 Priest, Josias (d. 1735) 40 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78) 57, 87–8, Prokofiev, Sergei (Serge) (1891–1953) 146 93 Propert, Walter Archibald 288 Rudolph, Jean Joseph (Rodolphe) (1730–1812) Prunieres,` Henry 30 58, 89 Puget, Pierre (1620–94) 45–6 Runge, Otto (1777–1810) 189 Pugni, Cesare (1802–70) 145, 154, 161, 169 Rushton, Tim (b. 1963) 136 Purcell, Henry (1658 or 1659–95) 40, 42, 47 Pure, Michel de (1620–80) 21–2, 24, 27, 40 Sacharoff, Alexander (1886–1963) 42 Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeyevich(1799–1837) Said, Edward (1935–2003) 253 212 St-Andre,´ Mr 40 St Denis, Ruth (Denishawn 1879–1968) 257 Quinteuse, Guillermine La 22 Saint-Hubert, M. de 24 Saint-Leon,´ Arthur (1815–70) 153, 177, 268 Rabel, Daniel (1578–1637) 21–2, 48 Saint-Saens,¨ Camille (1835–1921) 150 Rachmaninoff, Sergei Vasilievich (1873–1943) Saint-Simon, Comte Henri de (1760–1825) 226 193 Racine, Jean (1639–99) 57, 88 Salle,´ Marie (1707–56) 42, 60, 62, 69–70 Raffinot, François 45 Santlow, Hester (c.1690–1773) 73 Rainer, Yvonne (b. 1934) 209 Satie, Erik (1866–1925) 203, 205 Ralph, Richard 79, 81 Sauveur, Marie-Louise 87 Ralov, Kirsten (b. 1922) 136 Scarlatti, Alessandro (1660–1725) 88 Rambert, Marie (1888–1982) 287 Schaufuss, Peter (b. 1949) 127, 129 Rameau, Jean-Philippe (1683–1764) 88, 150, Schlemmer, Oskar (1888–1943) 42, 47–8, 157, 167, 243 284

337 Index of persons

Schneitzhoeffer, Jean-Madeleine (1785–1852) Taglioni, Salvatore (1789–1868) 75, 178 140, 150 Tallchief, Maria (1925) 227, 232, 234 Schopenhauer, Arthur (1788–1860) 189 Taruskin, Richard 163 Scriabin, Alexander Nikolayevich (1872–1915) Tasso, Torquato (1544–95) 46, 148 226 Taubert, Gottfried (c.1680) 73 Seedo (Sidow or Sydow) (1700–54) 81 Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilyich (Pyotr) (1840–93) Semenova, Marina 280 135, 142, 149, 157, 159–60, 164–74, Semper, Gottfried (1803–79) 189 228–9, 234–5, 246–7, 249–50 Sergeyev, Nikolay (1876–1951) 220, 248, Tchaikovsky, Modeste 165 250 Tchernicheva, Lubov (1890–1976) 242 Servandoni, Giovanni Girolamo (1695–1766) Teachout, Terry 225 89 Terry, Walter 264, 266–7 Servi, de Constantino 34 Tetley, Glen (b. 1926) 285 Seurat, Georges-Pierre (1859–91) 201 Theleur,´ A. E. 192 Sforza, Ippolita (1446–84) 12 Thomas, Ambroise (1811–96) 150 Sforza, Tristano (1422–77) 12 Thorvaldsen, Bertel (1770–1844) 132 Shakespeare, William (1564–1616) 32, 88, Tian Han (1898–1968) 257 122, 222, 224 Tomko, Linda 43 Shawn, Ted (Denishawn) (1891–1972) 257 Tudor, Anthony (William Cook) (1909–87) Sheng Jie 258 268, 287 Shirayev, Alexander (1867–1941) 169 Turocy, Catherine 43–4, 46 Shirley, James (1596–1666) 40 Siemsen, Hans (1818–67) 210 Ulanova, Galina (1910–98) 266, 280–1, Sieyes,` Emmanuel Joseph (Abbe)´ (1748–1836) 286 104 Urena,˜ Max Henr´ıquez (1885–1968) 269 Simon, Franc¸ois 121 Simon, Louise 131 Vaganova, Agrippina (1879–1951) 162, 280, Simon, Louise Antoinette 131 285 Simon,´ Pedro (b. 1930) 267 Valois, Dame Ninette de (Edris Stannus) Les Six: Georges Auric (1899–1983), Louis (1898–2001) 210, 287 Durey (1888–1979), Arthur Honegger, Valts, Karl Fedorovich (1880?) 165 Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc Vaque-Moulin, Elisa 191 (1899–1963) and Germaine Marcelle Vazem, Ekaterina (1848–1937) 161 Tailleferre (1892–1983) 204, 205 Verdi, Giuseppe (1813–1901) 146 Slonimsky, Yury (1902) 226 Vere, Lady Susan de (1587–?) 38 Smith, Adam (1723–90) 176 Vernoy de Saint-Georges, Jules-Henry Socrates (470–399bc)194 (1799–1875) 116, 153, 178 Sologub, Fyodor (1863–1927) 212 Veron,´ Louis (1798–1867) 124, 176 Sousa, John Philip (1854–1932) 228, 233 Vestris, Auguste (1760–1842) 62, 74–5, 138, Sparti, Barbara 30 153 Spessivtseva, Olga (1895–1991) 266 Vestris, Gaetan¨ (1729–1808) 58, 62, 74, 89, 91 Stanislavsky, Konstantin (1863–1938) 212, Villiers, George, Duke of Buckingham 213 (1592–1628) 37–9 Starzer, Joseph 90 Virgil (70–19bc)80 Steele, Sir Richard (1672–1729) 78 Vitier, Medardo (1886–1960) 269 Steinlen, Theophile´ Alexandre (1859–1923) Vittorio Amedeo I, Duke of Piedmont 203 (1587–1637) 28 Stravinsky, Igor (1882–1971) 146, 149, 217, Vivaldi, Antonio Lucio (1678–1741) 233 224–5, 227–8, 230, 232–5, 236, 242–3 Volkonsky, Serge (Prince Sergei Wolkonsky) Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925) 258 162 SunYat-sen,Madame(SoongChingLin) Voltaire (Franc¸ois-Marie Arouet) (1694–1778) (1893–1981) 258 57, 85, 87, 94 Vsevolozhsky, Ivan Alexandrovich Taglioni, Marie (1804–84) 75, 116, 118, 120, (1835–1909) 156–8, 162, 167, 246 131, 152–3, 155, 176, 178–80, 182, 184, 188, 191, 196, 268, 280 Wagner, Richard (1813–83) 84, 138, 141, Taglioni, Philippe (Filippo) (1777–1871) 145, 148–50, 166 116, 126, 152 Weaver, Catherine 78

338 Index of persons

Weaver, John (1673–1760) 32, 53, 58, 61, Wu Xiaobang (b. 1906) 257 73, 78–86 Wycherley, William (c.1641–1760) 85 Weaver,John(father) 78 Weaver, Susanna 78 Xianzong (685–762) 256 Webern, Anton von (1883–1945) 225, 234 Weigel, Eva 88 Yang Yuhuan 256 Widor, Charles-Marie (1844–1937) 145, Yealina,O.A. 258 150 Yu Deling 256 Wigman, Mary (1886–1973) 258 Yu Geng 256 Wiley, Roland John 157, 250 Yu Ronglin 256 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim (1717–68) 102 Zakharov, Rostislav Vladimirovich (1907–94) Wivel, Ulrik 137 222 Wright, Peter (1926) 250 Zorina, Vera (1917–2003) 227

Index of ballets

Abdallah 129, 136 Conservatory, The 129, 136 Acis and Galatea 215 Coppélia 138, 141–2, 144, 146, 148, 177, 239, Adelaide ou la bergère des Alpes 95 271 Adèle de Ponthieu 90 Corsaire, Le 138, 142, 152, 159–61, 183, 258 Agon 42, 227, 233 Création du monde, La 203, 208 Alfred le grand (Paris) 139 Cupid and Death 40 Alzira 88 Annette et Lubin 95 Dance of the Lotus Fairy Maiden 257 Apelle et Campaspe 90 Dance Symphony 226 Apollo (Apollon musagète) 227, 230, 237, Dansomanie, La 149 241–4 Daughter of Pharaoh, The 153, 154, 155, 157 Après midi d’un faune, L’ (The afternoon of a Derviches 203 faun)279 deux pigeons, Les 144, 150 Artifact 46 Diablea ` quatre, Le 122 Atys 48 Diable amoureux, Le 122, 145 Au temps du grand siècle/Pavane Royale 42 Diable boiteux, Le 118, 122, 141, 143 Diavolina 145 Baiser de la fée, Le 230 Dieu et la bayadère, Le 117 Ball, Le 237–40, 243 Dido and Aeneas 40, 47 Ballarino, Il 11 Don Juan 60 Balet comique de la Royne (AllegorieofCirce)´ Don Quixote 142p, 154–6, 160–1, 213, 217, 28, 29, 30, 55 271 Balletdeladéliverance de Renaud 21 Donizetti Variations 146 Ballet de la douairière de Billebahaut 22, 24 Dying Swan, The 257 Ballet de la Nuit (Ballet royal de la Nuit)25, 41, 243 EL Greco 202 Ballet de Monseigneur le Duc de Vandosme 26 El río y el bosque 271 Ballet des ambassadeurs polonais 30 El solar 271 Ballet des fées de la forêt de Saint-Germain 21 Episodes 234 Barriera 10 Eucharis 144, 150 Battaglia, La 10 Fâcheux, Les 42 Bayadère, La 117, 142, 151, 154, 156, 160, Far from Denmark 130, 136 189, 239 festin de Pierre, or Don Juan, Le 60, 94 Belle au Bois dormant, La 149, 157, 167 Fêtes Chinoises, Les 56, 59, 87–8, 94 Brézilia ou la tribu des femmes 123 Fête de l’Etre Suprême 106, 107 Boeuf sur le toit, Le 208 FêtedelaFédération 98, 107 Britannicus 88 Fête de la Raison 106 Fille du Danube, La 115, 122 Calisto 40, 41 Fille mal gardée, La 61, 89, 146, 149, 258 Camargo 162 Fille de marbre, La 122 Caprice 45 Fils prodigue, Le 241 Caprices de Galathée, Les 89 Firebird, The 214, 216, 232 Castor et Pollux 61 Flames of Paris, The 285 Catarina 153 Fleur d’oranger 150 Chatte, La 177, 240 Flore et Zéphire 184 Chopiniana 196, 216, 226 Flower Festival in Genzano, The 136, 268 Cinderella 122 Folk Tale, A 129, 136 Coelum Britannicum 34, 35, 41 Fountain of Bakhchisarai, The 222, 285 Comus (A Masque Presentd at Ludlow Castle) Four Seasons, The 146 37 Four Temperaments, The 227, 231 [339] Concerto Barocco 225 From Siberia to Moscow 136

340 Index of ballets

Gelosia 10 Mer¸cantia 9 Gratie d’Amore, Le 11 Midsummer Night’s Dream, A 234 Green Table, The 284 Mignons et villains 150 Giselle 113–19, 122, 125, 138, 141–2, 144, Moor’s Pavane, The 42 146–7, 150–3, 155, 160, 178, 180–1, 184, Mort d’Ajax, La 89 189, 196, 263–71, 283, 289 Movements for Piano and Orchestra 234 Gounod Symphony 233 Mozartiana 234 Gridelino, Il 29 Gypsy, La 123 Naiade and the Fisherman, The 154 Namouna 145 Homme et son désir, L’ 208 Napoli 132, 134, 136, 140, 268 Hongse Nianzijun (Red Girl’s Regiment)256, Nathalie, ou la laitière Suisse 178 258, 260 Nina ou la folle par amour 122 Horaces et des Curiaces 90 Nisida ou les Amazones des A¸cores 123 NobiltàdiDame 11, 33 Iberia 203 Noces, Les 239 Idoméneo 88 Nuit de Saint-Jean, La 203 Imperial Gesture 42 nozzediPeleoediTeti,Le(LesNocesdePelée et Iphigénie et Tauride 90 Thétis) 25, 243 Nutcracker, The 135, 144, 148, 150, 159, 164, JasonetMedée 89, 91 169–73, 232, 239, 246–55, 260, 289 Jeu de cartes 230 Jeux 203 Oberon 34 Jewels 234 OffrandealaLibert´ ` e, L’ 100, 102 Job 210 On Your Toes 230 Jolie Fille de Gand, La 123, 147 Orgie, L’ 150 Jugement de Paris, Le 87, 147, 243 Orpheus and Eurydice 81, 90 Judgment of Paris, A Dramatic Entertainment in Oza¨ı 122 Dancing and Singing, After the Manner of the Ancient Greeks and Romans, The 79, Paquita 122, 123, 140, 150, 159 81 Parade 204, 208 Partsofsomesextets 209 Kermesse in Bruges, The 129, 136 Pas de Quatre 120, 131, 182, 268 King’s Volunteers on Amager, The 130, 136 Pastorale, La 239, 240, 241 Korrigane, La 145, 150 Pavane on the Death of an Infanta 42 Pavillon d’Armide 216 Lady Henriette, ou La Servante de Greenwich Péri, La 122, 123, 150 150 Perseus and Andromeda 81 Legend of Joseph the Beautiful, The 219 Petit Riens, Les 91 Lords’ Masque, The 34 Petrushka (Petroushka)216 Loves of Mars and Venus, The 54, 78, 81 Psyche 102 Pulcinella 239 Magic Mirror, The 212, 213 Pygmalion 60 Malade imaginaire, Le 30 Magnificence of the Universe 221 Quelques pas graves de Baptiste 43 Maison de fous, La 203, 206 Manon Lescaut 141, 149 Raymonda 142, 151, 154, 158, 159, 212 Marbre tremble, Le 45 RedPoppy,The 283 Mariés de la Tour Eiffel, Les 204, 205 Red Girl’s Regiment (Hongse Nianzijun)256, Mars et Vénus ou Les Filets de Vulcain 150, 184 258, 260, 261 Masque Presentd at Ludlow Castle, A (Comus) Relâche 203, 205 37 Retour des Lys, Le 149 Masque of Beauty, The 37 Réunion du 10aout, ˆ La 100, 106, 107 Masque of Blackness, The 34 Révolte au Sérail, La (La Révolte des femmes) Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray’s Inn, The 123, 178 36 Robert le diable (opera with the ballet of the Masque of Queens, The 34, 35 nuns) 45, 122, 138, 188

341 Index of ballets

Roi danse, Le 43 Tabacco, Il 29 Romeo and Juliet 222, 283, 285 Tavern Bilkers, The 78, 81 Télémaque 102 Sacre du Printemps, Le 146, 233 Tempe restored 38 Salmacida Spolia 37 Tempête, La 150 Schéhérazade 214, 216 Tempêteoul’ˆıle des génies, La 122, 140 Secular Masque, A 40 Tentation, La (opera ballet) 117, 181 Séducteur du village, Le 150 Thésée en Crète 94 Sémiramide 60, 94 Three Atmospheric Studies 289 Serenade 228–30 The Triumph of Neptune 240 Skating Rink 203, 206, 248 The Triumph of Peace 37 Sleeping Beauty, The 42, 122, 151, 154, Toilette de Vénus, La 59 157–159, 164, 167, 169, 173, 184, 213, Toreadoren 132 218, 220–1, 226, 239, 246–7, 249, 283 Torneo Amoroso 9 Sobria 9 Triadic ballet (Triadisches Ballett)42, Somerset Masque, The 34 284 Somnambule ou L’Arrivée d’un nouveau seigneur, La 140, 149 Une demi-heure de Caprice 216 Song of Norway 231 Songoro cosongo 271 Valse fantaisie 216 Source, La 146, 148 Ventana, La 136 Spartacus 285 Vert-Vert 150 SpectredelaRose,Le 214, 216, 279 Vestris 43 Square Dance 233 Vins de France, Les 150 Stars and Stripes 233 Vivandiére, La 268 Swan, The 215, 216, 257 Volière ou les oiseaux de Boccace, La 123 Swan Lake 142, 149, 153, 158–9, 164–7, 173–4, 193, 239, 246, 256, 258, 260, 263, Wedding Masque in The Tempest, A 32 271 Whirlwind, The 219 Sylvia ou La Nymphe de Diane 148, 149 White Haired Girl 258, 260 Sylphide, La 115, 118, 122, 126–30, 136–7, Who Cares? 234 150, 152, 155, 184, 196, 244, 268 Within the Quota 208 Sylphides, Les 216, 226 Symphonie pour un homme seul 286 Zémire et Azor 150

Subject index

absolutism 37, 46, 53, 55, 132 Autrepas,L’ 45 absolute ruler 109 avant-garde 201, 204, 211, 226, 275–7 absolutist period 55 Azerbaijan 172 abstraction 47, 221, 222, 280, 284, 285 Academy bal musette 205 Academie´ Royale de (la) Danse 40, 53, 61, balance (in dance) 70, 72, 74, 130, 239, 62, 66, 70, 76, 83, 123 244 Academie´ de Poesie´ et Musique 23, 243 ballerina AcademyofFineArtsCopenhagen 133 Balanchine 227, 239, 240, 241 Academie´ Franc¸aise 22, 84 beauty 177 Academy of dancing 76 (in) Britain 287 Beijing Academy of Dance 258 (in) cartoons 191 Imperial Naval Academy 226 celebrity 176 Shanghai Academy of Dance 258 Chinese 257, 258, 261 aesthetics 46–7, 49, 56, 95, 210, 248, 268, “Christian” 155 271, 275 commodiﬁcation 119, 121, 124 anti-Aristotelian 55 costume 132, 190, 195, 196, 197, 224 Aristotelian 56, 59 critic 182, 184, 193 programmes 64, 176 Cuban 263–71 Affektenlehre 89 end of 19th c. 155 aire 14 eroticism 180 Albrecht (Giselle) 142, 153, 266 femininity 179, 267 alchemy 15p foreign 161, 163, 213 Alfred le Grand 139 image 192 allegory 19, 20, 21, 46, 49, 96 in tutu 30 Giselle as allegory 119 hierarchy 158, 159 Allemagne, De l’115 Italian 114, 155, 157, 213, 247 Allied Forces 284, 285 (as) machine 155 almain 9 (and) male dancer 241 American Ballet, The 227, 228, 230 modern/new 47, 121, 155, 193 Aminta 148 (and) music 146 Amsterdam 81 mystique 155 anatomy 96 on pointe 74, 193, 214 Ancien Regime´ 90, 98, 100–2, 123 Petipa’s 154 antimasque (antic) 34, 36–9 prima 161, 225 Aphrodite 240 romantic 118, 152, 175, 196, 266 aplomb 72 Russian 151, 248, 250, 257, 280, 281, 282, Apollo 25, 242, 243, 244 286 Arabia 172 social role 119 aristocracy 17, 63, 100, 169 Soviet 214, 280 amateurs 40, 53, 66 technique 192 movement 100 virtuosity 159 norms 99 visiting in Russia 161 performers 34, 37 ballet Armenia 172 d’action 53–64, 75, 81, 88, 93, 101, 123, art pour l’art, L’ 283–6 139, 152, 159, 182, 242, 243 Arts Florrisants 48 anacreontic 39 assimilation (China) 256 blanc (white) 115, 118, 122, 155, 180, 185, Ausdruckstanz 210, 275 189, 241 Australia 250 burlesque 30 [342] Australian Ballet, The 250 classical see classical dance

343 Subject index

court (ballet and dance) 19–31, 37, 39, 42, Carmagnole 99, 100 53, 89 Carmen 148 exercise 65, 71–2, 79, 100, 192, 239 cascarda 9 féerie 21, 22, 157–8, 163 celebrity, see star system grand 19, 20, 37, 53pp, 61, 64, 154, 212 chaconne 62, 73 lesson 65, 69, 71pp, 76, 106, 147, 184 Chérie 115 pantomime 24, 32, 39, 44, 54, 59, 60, 73–5, Chinese National Ballet 127 80, 87–8, 91, 93–6, 101, 113–14, 116–7, choreo-drama 213 119–22, 132, 138–42, 147, 155, 158, 164, Christianity 173, 177, 185–6, 206–8, 210, 214, 216, Christian values 129, 134 222, 232, 234, 240 Danish 132 purity of 164 and earthliness 118p terminology 39, 69, 193, 209 and ethereality 118 tragic 89, 91 and image of dancer 155 Ballet de XXe siecle` 286 Church Fathers Ballet Society 230–2 attitude to dance 80 ballet theatre 219, 222, 263, 266 circus 205, 225, 239 balletomane 152, 180 citoyen, citizen 13, 33, 37, 98, 104, 105, 107, Ballets, Les 1933 228 127, 132, 190, 262 Ballets de l’Opera´ 43 Civil War 37, 40, 222 Ballets Russes 163, 201, 205, 212, 216, 218, Cleveland 285 227–8, 238, 242–3, 248, 278, 282 Cold War 285, 286 Ballets Russes de Monte-Carlo 228, 248, 282 Compagnie l’Eventail 43 Ballets Suedois´ 201–11, 278 cotton 189 ballo, bassedanze 9–13, 17 industry 187, 196 Bastille 98, 99 Clara, see Marie (The Nutcracker) Battle Symphony 148 class (social) 13, 83, 90, 91, 101, 102, 120, Bauhaus 204, 284 123, 132, 161, 187, 188, 257, 258, 261 benefits (see also salary) 249 classicism 102, 151, 156, 159, 185, 227, 229, Berlin 45, 48, 87, 176, 281, 285 237–9, 263–6 bharata natyam 251 anti-classicism 237 black swan 159, 160 neo-classicism 84, 102, 227, 243 Blenheim 84 clothes, dress 9, 12, 14, 100, 102, 188, 194, bolero 144, 148, 239 231, 243 Bolshevism 272, 280 Cochran’s Revues 228 Bolshoi Theatre (also Kammeny Theatre, Coliseum (London) 250 see theatre) comedy 85 bonnet rouge 105 comédié ballet 30, 40, 41 Book of Job 210 commedia dell’arte 28 Bordeaux 61, 89 commercialisation of opera 175 brando 9 commodification of dancer 119, 121, 124–5 branle 9, 20, 24–5, 38 communism 256, 262, 270, 280 Broadway 228, 230, 263 concert 82, 113, 147, 214, 215 Brussels 15, 117, 153 concert suite 247 Buenos Aires 267, 282, 289 Constitution of France 103 Congress on Research in Dance 44 cachucha 143, 183 constructivism, constructivist 204, 209, Cafe´ anglais, Le 113 219 California 251 contre danse 84 cancan 143 Copenhagen 127, 129–30, 132–3, 138, 140, Cancans de l’Opéra, Les 182 176, 246 Cakewalk 239 Coppelius, Dr (Coppelia) 148 campeggiare 14 corps de ballet 57, 62, 75, 76, 120–1, 125, Canada 246, 250 132, 159, 248, 266, 280 canon (music) 173 Corsaire-Satan, Le 183 capriole 11, 20, 54, 67, 73, 74 corset 22, 101, 155, 186–7, 194, 239, 275 Carabosse (The Sleeping Beauty) 158, 168, coryphees´ (rank of ballet dancer) 158–9 170 cosmos, order of 14, 104

344 Subject index

costume 19, 21, 25, 28–9, 32–4, 42, 44, 47–9, manuals 9, 16, 33, 101, 176 58–61, 69, 89, 91, 96, 98, 101, 107, 113, modern 42–3, 47, 49, 136, 180, 195, 206–8, 116, 144, 152, 160, 162, 176, 184–6, 204, 216, 228, 239, 257, 273, 276, 278–9, 206, 208, 212–13, 215, 219, 224, 231–2, 283–7 237, 241, 253, 258, 266, 273, 284 national 120, 138, 143–4, 156, 158, 183, courante 20, 38 240, 242, 253 court 9–11, 22, 28–9, 42, 46, 63, 69, 78, 99, natural 11, 54, 58, 88–90, 96, 99, 100–2, 218, 277 126, 194–5, 275 Chinese 256–7, 261 noble 17, 20, 39, 69, 73, 101, 180 Danish 132 notation 43, 55, 60, 63, 65, 67–8, 73, 80, English 32–41, 78, 82–3 85, 213, 220, 250, 276–7 French 15p, 19–25, 28–9, 63, 75, 87, on pointe 71, 74, 114, 119–20, 121, 155, 100–1, 120 180, 192–3, 214, 272, 231–2, 239–40, 244 German 28, 89, 186 275, 283, Imperial Russian 152–3, 158, 163, 212, 280 popular dances 62, 74, 100, 116, 142 Italian 11–2, 21 representation 57, 78, 122, 181, 194, 285 Savoy 28, 29 serious 59, 69, 73–4, 79 Viennese 88 simple 27, 56 court theatre 154, 212 social 20, 24, 27, 38–9, 62–3, 68, 143, 239 Hermitage, the 154, 212 spectacle 15, 20p, 40, 46, 54, 56–7, 98–100, Kammennyi Ostrov 154 109, 117, 120, 122, 126, 155, 158, 177, Krasnoe Selo 154 181–3, 203, 218, 231, 237 Peterhof 154 studio 69, 70, 92, 133, 224, 232, 281 Tsarskoe Selo 154 style 158, 172, 192, 216, 219 courtesan 132 symphony 221, 226 Cuba 263–71 theatrical 15, 38, 53, 56, 65, 68–9, 74–5, czárdás, Csárdás 144, 239 119–20, 143, 285 Czechoslovakia 285 themes 10, 20, 23, 28, 55, 59, 96, 119, 141, 148, 168, 202, 208, 218, 229, 231, 252 Dada, Dadaists 204, 205, 283 Dance in America 232 Dallas Ballet 127 Danish Golden Age, the 132–3, 136 dance danse d’école 53–4, 62, 65, 120, 227, 237, abstract 232, 280 239–40, 244–5 baroque 42–4, 46–9 Directory (Directoire) 92, 109, 214 character 59, 69, 143, 172, 239–41, 248, divertissement 23, 27, 53, 55–6, 92, 100, 253 142–3, 150, 158, 213, 216 class 12, 65, 66, 69–70, 72, 75, 176, 193, Dom Sebastien 146 224, 228, 257 drama 11, 23, 32, 39, 42, 59, 65, 88, 93, 101, classical 19, 28, 30, 42–3, 47, 50, 65, 80, 106–7,122,145,147–8,152,168,170, 102, 151, 153, 156, 158, 169, 205–6, 207, 185, 202, 204, 208, 210, 213, 216, 222, 214, 224, 227, 236, 237–45, 246–7, 252, 225, 258, 260, 269, 274, 286–7 254, 259, 268–9, 271, 282 dramaturgy 55, 60, 214 comic 59, 69, 73–4, 147, 249 Drambalet 222 country 37–9, 84, 250 Dresden 34, 73, 87 court, courtly 9–11, 42, 46, 48, 53, 56, 66, Drosselmeyer, Drosselmeier (The Nutcracker) 84, 89, 98, 100–2, 218, 243, 256, 273 148, 170, 246, 249–50 drama 32, 59, 65, 101, 106–7, 116, 122–3, Drury Lane Theatre, see theatre 145, 147–8, 185, 202, 208, 210, 214, 216, Duchy of Wurttemberg 91 222 en travestie 179 Eclat des Muses, L’ 43 figured 25, 27 education 11–12, 17, 56, 62, 106–7, 213, 218, folk dance 99, 120, 152, 218–19, 239 271, 279, 285 grotesque 69, 91 elevation 73–5, 121, 230 heroic 59, 69 elite 9, 12–13, 17–18, 82, 100, 103, 158, 257, history 17, 28–9, 31–2, 48–9, 54, 78, 81–6, 261 94, 147, 225, 256, 272, 278, 284 emigration, immigration 162, 222, 246, horizontal 25 249–50 injuries 71, 228 enchaˆınements 72

345 Subject index

Encyclopédie 53, 93 gymnastics 134, 237, 239 English National Ballet 250 gypsy 144 Enlightenment 53, 57, 78–80, 85, 89–90, 93, 99, 102, 106, 212, 218, 239 Hall of the Petit Bourbon 25 entree´ 24, 34, 37 Hamburg 210, 285 equilibrium 72, 108–9, 273 Harlem 250 Eucharis 144, 150 harmony 14–15, 25, 27, 30, 72, 77, 88, 95, Eurocentrism 268, 270, 271 130, 142, 233, 252, 276 Expressionism 202, 206, 272 Havana, La 263, 268–9 Nouvelle Hélose, La 93 familialism and family 107 Hermitage, the (see court theatre) Fanfarlo, La 182, 183 Hilarion 114, 116, 141 Fantasia 248 Himalayas, the 156 fantasmata 14 historiography 19, 28, 193 Fantômes 115 Histoire de l’art dramatique en France depuis Faun (L’après midi d’un faune – Afternoonofa vingt-cinq ans 177 faun)89,279 Hollywood 228, 230, 263 feerie´ 21, 122, 155, 157–8, 163 Holy Roman Empire 90 feteˆ 15, 16, 43, 56p, 87–8, 94, 98, 106–7 Homme de qualite´ 20, 27 Fetesˆ galantes 43 Huguenots, Les 145 feuilleton 175–6, 180, 182 humanists 14 figura (figures) 14–15, 26–7, 39, 41 Finnish National Ballet 136 ideology 197, 261–2, 271, 283–4, 286 Florence 12, 21, 33 identity 22, 38, 49, 59, 123, 125, 137, 159, Fontainbleau 87 163, 264 Folk dance, folk performance 99, 120, 152, national 263, 265, 267–9, 270–1 218–19, 239 Imperial Ballet 151–2, 156–9, 161, 163, 169, Foxtrot 239 193, 212, 280 Foyer de la danse 113, 124 Imperial ballet school 151, 161, 280 France Musicale, La 147 Imperial drama troupe 158 Frankfurt 285 Imperial Russian Theatres (see theatre) Franz (Coppelia) 148 Imperial Theatres of St Petersburg (see theatre) futurism, futurist 205, 278–9 imperialism 256, 285 impresario 72, 203–4, 211, 263, 266 galliard 9–11, 38 industrialisation 133, 187 gender 46–7, 103, 105, 107–8, 122–3, 125, Inns of Court 32 187–8, 190, 195, 197 Inoue Ballet 127 geometry (geometric design) 15, 15–17, 23, instrumentation 147, 165–7, 170, 174 37,46,55,100,206,208,239,284,279 intermedii – see divertissement Georgia 172, 286 irony 20, 27, 180, 195 gesture 12, 14, 17, 23, 25, 42, 44, 47, 49, 54, 59–60, 77, 87–8, 90, 92–3, 100, 103, 108, Japan 257–8, 261, 289 116, 119, 140, 144–5, 181, 105–7, 210, jazz 208, 227–8, 249, 251 216, 222, 227, 240, 259, 284 jig 143, 148, 239 Giselle 114, 116–22, 142, 147, 180, 269–71 Jockey Club 138 Glorious Revolution 82, 85 Journal des débats 176, 178 god, gods, goddess 14, 25, 55, 61, 89, 93, 100, July Monarchy 117, 119 134, 240, 242–3 jumps 11, 14, 43, 63, 67, 71, 91, 99, 102, 108, in honour of 17 194, 240 of love 29 of Restauration 38, 41 Kammeny Theatre (Bolshoi Theatre), see court understanding nature of 14, 18 theatre Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas 127 Karntnertor¨ Theatre, see theatre Greek drama 23 Kenilworth 33 Greek (Hellenic) myth 55 King’s Theatre, see theatre gratia 14 Kirov Ballet 151, 161, 220, 247 guerre des buffons 88–9 kolkhoz 280 Guillaume Tell 145 krakoviak 144

346 Subject index

Kammenyi Ostorov, (see court theatre) Milwaukee 285 Krasnoe Selo, (see court theatre) mime, see pantomime Ministry of the Court 152 Lausanne 87 Minstrel’s Guild 66 leitmotif 141 minuet 73, 144, 169 Leningrad 220 mirror (in dance studio) 70, 113 Leningrad State Choreographic School 280 misura (measure) 11, 13, 38 Leto 243 modernism 42, 47–8, 50, 151, 201, 208, 211, Leyden 34 272, 276, 286 liaison (of dancers) 162 radical modernism 133 liberal arts 13 Mo¨ıse 113 liberalism 285, 286 monarchy 19, 33, 37, 117, 119 libretto 19, 26, 29, 93–4 Monde, Le 266 Lichﬁeld 88 Moor, The (Petrushka)216 Lilac Fairy, the (The Sleeping Beauty)168, Moscow 138, 152, 157, 164, 213–14, 219–20, 220 246, 287 Lincoln Center 234 Muette de Portici, La 117 Lincoln’s Inn Field Theatre (see theatre) muse, muses 43, 119, 147, 184, 237, 242–3 Lohengrin 166 musette 62, 205 Lombardy 90 music London 34, 39, 41, 60, 69p, 73, 78, 82, 84, 94, Balanchine and 225–6, 233 117, 131, 176, 182, 190, 207, 228, 248, baroque 46–9 257, 287 baroque revival 47, 49 Inn’s Court 32 Cuban 270 Noverre in 57, 88–90, 92 and dance/movement 11, 14, 17, 27, 32, population 81 33, 60, 65–6, 77, 84, 157, 172, 208, 214, public sphere 82 225, 230–2, 242, 248 Weaver in 78–81 Duncan and 275 London Festival Ballet 127 Marinetti and 279 Los Angeles 263 musical score 19, 21, 39, 42, 60, 138, Louvre 66 140–1, 145–6, 154, 157, 165–7, 209, 212, Lyons 87–9, 92, 94 217, 221, 243, 250 Nutcracker 169–73, 173, 246–8 machine (theatrical machinery) 21, 55, 119, and other arts 13, 23, 34, 55, 204–5, 216, 152, 155, 190, 218, 240, 279 218, 225, 227, 242 Magna Carta 105 Sleeping Beauty 167–9, 173 maniera 14 Swan Lake 164–7, 173 Manon Lescaut 122, 141, 149 music hall 205, 220 march 239 Musical World, The 180, 182 Marie or Clara (The Nutcracker) 135, 170–1, Myrtha (Giselle) 114, 119, 189 146–7, 249-52 mythology (mythological) 19–20, 22, 55, Marseillaise 100 95–6, 242 Marseille 87, 153, 251 Marshall Plan 285 Nantes 153 Maryinsky Ballet 151, 248–9 Naples 63, 73, 75, 134, 267 Maryinsky Theatre (see theatre) narrative (see also plot) 19–21, 42, 47, 53–64, mask 19–22, 24, 32, 34, 87–8, 96, 204 93–4, 125, 139, 190, 196, 221–2, 232, 240, masque 15–16, 23, 32–41 253, 273, 280, 283 masquerade 23 National Ballet of Cuba, The 268, 270, 271 mazurka 144, 150, 169 National Dancers Association 258 melodrama 101, 116, 123, 154, 214 National School of Ballet Alicia Alonso, The melody 88, 141–3, 145, 147, 164, 166, 168, 269 170, 172–3, 267 nationalism 84, 123, 157, 163, 268, 269, 272 memory 11–12, 134 nature 54–5, 57, 59, 71, 83, 98, 101, 103–6, Merchant Taylor’s Hall 37 109, 194, 275 metaphor 16, 19, 107, 155, 228 “back to nature” 57–9 Middle East 144, 172, 253 belle 55–7, 95 Milan 12, 33, 76, 90, 138, 176, 190, 287 code of naturalness 99

347 Subject index

imitation of 60, 84, 93, 95 ordonnateur 21 natural body 99, 100, 101 Orientalism 253 natural human feelings 101 Ottoman Empire 172 laws of 105 Oxford 78 natural movement 99 natural way of life 99 Palais Royal 63 Nazism 272, 280, 285 pantomime 24, 32, 39, 44, 54, 59, 60, 74–5, Nederlands Dans Theatre 285 80–1, 83, 87–8, 91, 93–5, 97, 113–15, NewYork 43–4,46,128,234,249,263,283, 121–3, 138–40, 164–7, 179–80, 205, 285–6 207–8, 216, 222 New York Baroque Dance Company 43, Paris 46 audience in 196 New York City Ballet 225, 231–2, 249 ballet in Paris 28, 91, 141, 146, 216 New York Herald Tribune 264 ballet world 91 Noˆ Theatre 286 ballet critic 175–83 nobility 9, 12, 28, 70 cosmopolitan generation 203 Notre-Dame cathedral 98 opera, Opera´ 56–9, 62, 69–70, 74, 89, Novantiqua 45 91–2, 106, 113, 116, 125–6, 130, 138, 143, nozze di Figaro, Le 139 145, 153, 176, 196, 276 nudity 47, 133, 195 poor quarters 62 nuns (Robert le diable) 115, 122, 188–9 refugees 281 Nuremberg 13 stages of 190 nymphs 32, 35, 37, 148 theatres 40, 98 1920s 205 Odette (Swan Lake) 159–61, 166, 282 Parnassus 243 Odile (Swan Lake) 159–61, 166 parody 240, 241, 245 Oliver Twist 250 pas 72, 116, 129 Olympus 243 grand pas d’action 158–9 ondeggiare 14 grandpasdedeux 143, 158–9 opera 40, 43, 47, 64, 90, 92, 100, 116–17, pasdebalet 24 138–41, 152, 155, 166, 175, 177, 190, 196, pasdebourrée 123 260, 269, 272–3, 280, 282, 285 pas classique 159 18th c. 42 pasdedeux 114, 120–1, 136, 143, 146, 150, buffa 88 159, 166–7, 234, 239–40, 241, 243–4, comic 122, 139, 147, 150, 191 247–8 comique 122 pas de trois 120 féerie 21, 155 pas de quatre 121, 123, 182, 189, 268 grand 188 pas joueux 99, 108 house 63–4, 175, 186, 195, 284 passepied 62 Italian in Paris 88 pastiche 47, 237, 243 opera-ballet 60, 243 pavane 9, 11, 25, 42 Opera´ de Monte-Carlo 227 peasant 16, 61, 95, 114, 136, 142, 150, 261, Restoration 32 280, 286 Paris Opera,´ Opera´ Garnier 56–9, 62, 69, Peking 257 73–5, 89, 91–2, 106, 113, 116, 125–6, 130, Persian Empire 172 138, 145, 176, 196, 276 Peterhof (see also court theatre) 154 Paris Opera-Comique´ 56, 59, 69, 87–9, Petrushka 216 147 Picardy 87 Peking 257 Piedmont 28 Royal Swedish 202 pirouette,seeturns State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet Philadelphia 138 220 philosophy 107, 228, 236, 240, 269–70, 275, Vienna Royal 56, 59, 63, 267 286 Vienna State 267 Pléiade 23 opium 256, 262 plot 19–20, 55, 58–9, 61, 88, 92–4, 114, orchestra 138–41, 166, 168, 172–3, 187, 210, 116–19, 122–3, 139, 141, 144, 154, 156, 228, 230, 234, 273, 285 167, 170, 176–7, 180, 188, 196, 221, 225, orchestration 144, 148, 157, 165, 172, 174 229, 231, 240, 246–7, 252

348 Subject index

plotless 216, 221, 225–6 Romanovs, The (Russian Imperial family) portdebras 159, 162 positions of feet 62, 66, 70–7, 216, 228, 240, romanticism 116, 128, 136, 151, 184–7, 188, 244 205 Porte-Saint-Martin Theatre, see theatre Rome 33, 85, 103, 194 post-modernism 49, 209 Rothbart (Swan Lake) 160, 166 post-structuralism 46 Rouen 74 Presse, La 177 Royal Ballet, The (London) 146, 250, 287, programme notes 54, 94, 177, 224 288 proletariat 260, 261, 280, 286 Royal Ballet School, The (London) 285 propaganda 20, 278, 286 Royal Danish Ballet, The 126–8, 133, 136–7, Protestantism 84 228 psychology 274, 276 Royal Swedish Ballet, The 127, 202 public 16, 20, 22p, 37, 43, 45, 62–3, 155, 155, 157, 179, 182, 188, 216, 224, 231–2, 273, Saint-Germain-en-Laye 87, 92 289, 290 Saint Matthew Passion 48 Offentlichkeit,¨ public sphere 81, 82, 83, St Petersburg 73, 92, 95, 117, 151–8, 161, 119, 123, 175, 272 165, 167, 169, 190, 212–13, 221 performance 12, 17, 82, 179, 257 Saisons Russes 212, 234 public space 9, 13, 104–5, salary (benefits) 151, 234 public taste 54 Salle du Louvre 25 saltarello 13, 14 “Rage Over a Lost Penny” 148 San Francisco 248 realism 125, 156, 164, 280, 285 San Francisco Ballet 248 reform 53,59,61,87–97,185,195,214,219, Saratoga Springs 234 274, 276, 278 Scandinavian Ballet, The 127 Regency 55 School of American Ballet 227, 228 rehearsal 12, 92, 113, 128, 159, 169, 229, 231, secularism, secularisation 20, 278 247 sexuality 47, 121–2, 125, 133–4, 155, 258, religion 84, 226 275, 279 Renaissance 13, 48, 53, 85, 176, 250 Shanghai 257–8, 289 Répétiteurs (rehearsal notes) 117 shoe 32, 74, 89, 101, 183 Republic 98, 105 blocked/pointe 155, 185–99 Civil 102 Shrewsbury 78, 79 French 98, 103, 105 Shropshire 78 Roman 103, 107 Siegfried (Swan Lake) 159–60, 166–7 Soviet 218, 221 Siren (The Prodigal Son)241 Restoration 32, 41 social class of dancers 161, 187, 188 revels (also masque) 154 social contract 104 Revolution Society of Dance History Scholars 44 Chinese 257, 260, 262 Song of Norway 231 Cuban 270, 271 South Africa 285 Cultural 222, 257, 260, 261 Soviet bloc 161, 285 Culture 260, 261 space French 61, 90, 92, 98–109, 149, 186, 190, architectural 273 195, 221, 272, 278 cultural 48 Glorious 82, 85 dancing/performance 9, 12, 37, 99, 120, in dance 97, 161, 180, 184, 190, 222 130, 205, 275–8 Russian 152, 202, 214, 218–19, 220, 222, fraternal 103–6 226, 238, 248, 279–81 gendered 107 technical 192, 272 needed for lessons 76 Revue et gazette musicale de Paris 150, 177, 181 organisation of 26 rhythm 25, 34, 133, 140, 148, 164, 166, 168, private 124 233, 243, 250, 263, 267 public 9, 18, 104, 105 RichardCoeurdeLion 140 stage 49, 175, 179, 183 Ris et danceries 43 studio 70 Robert le diable 115, 122, 138, 188 theory of 276

349 Subject index

Spectator, The 78, 207 Bolshoi Theatre, Bolshoi Experimental spectatorship 181 Theatre 152, 154, 214, 219, 220, 239 stage Coliseum 250 stage/costume design 19, 28, 33, 34, 42, 47, Colon´ 267 152, 187, 194, 203–4, 206, 208, 212, 216, Comedie´ Française 75 237 Comedie´ Italienne 73 flying machines 190 Court theatres 154, 282 stance of dancer 70, 74 Drury Lane 54, 73, 78–80, 88–90 star system 175, 182 Imperial Russian Theatres 138 Stockholm 202 Imperial Theatres of St Petersburg 152, Strasbourg 87, 88 154, 156–7, 163, 167, 213 studio 69, 70, 92, 133, 224, 232, 281 Karntnertor¨ Theatre 91 Stuttgart 42, 56, 89, 92, 285 Kammertanz Theater 210 style 250 King’s Theatre 57, 92 absolutist 92 Lincoln Inn’s Field Theatre 81 Balanchine 228 Maryinsky Theatre 152, 154, 156, 159, ballet 73, 210 165, 167, 170, 213, 220, 226, 239, 246–8 Chinese 258 Moscow Art Theatre 212, 213 dance 74, 158, 172, 192, 216, 219 Musical de Paris-Chateletˆ 251 French 180 New York State Theater 234 Indian miniature 203 Opera´ Comique Faire St Laurent 87 Louis XIV 157, 167 “plastic” 205, 208 movement 100, 101, 231, 240 Porte-Saint-Martin 183 personal 285 Royal Theatre Copenhagen 126 romantic 267 San Carlo Theatre 76, 267 Russian 207, 281 Teatro Regio Ducale 90 Soviet 239 TheátredesChampsElysˆ ees´ 201 theatrical 69, 88, 210 Theátreˆ de la Gaˆıte´ 155 SugarPlumFairy(The Nutcracker) 171, Theatre Royal in Drury Lane (see Drury 174, 247 Lane) Swanilda (Coppelia) 141, 148 theory Swedish Ballet, see Ballets Suedois´ aesthetic 175 sylph 115, 118, 123, 126, 128, 137, 152, of art 59, 79, 95 155, 188–9, 196 baroque 46 sylphide 118, 122, 126–7, 131, 136–7, of dance 53, 57, 101, 274–5 186 drama 101, 107 symbol 14–16, 18, 21, 25, 29, 67, 102, enlightenment 106 105, 107, 109, 194, 243, 284, 286 Marxist 261 symbolism 156, 189 Offentlichkeit¨ 175 symmetry 21, 57, 104, 213, 238–9 post-structuralist 46 of space 276 tambourine 62 Times, The 216 tableau mouvant 106 Tobago 29 tableaux vivant 106, 107 Toledo 202 Tannhäuser 138 tonality 243 Tarantella 144 Tor toni 113 technique 20, 33, 43, 45–6, 48, 56, 61–2, totalworkofart 84,85 65–77, 101, 119, 121, 123, 151, 155–6, tragedy 85, 95, 166, 205, 274 172, 175–6, 180, 185, 191–4, 196, 208–9, training, class 11, 12, 62–3, 65–70, 72, 74–5, 219, 224–5, 233, 236–7, 240, 257–61, 77, 96, 120, 133, 152, 159, 161, 190, 192, 267, 269, 273, 276, 283–4, 290 234, 240, 249, 275–6, 280, 290 Telegraph Boy (Le Pastorale) 240, 241 Triel 92 Tentation, La 117, 181 Trilby ou le lutin d’Argail 122 Tempest, The 32, 122 Trinidad 257 tempo 142, 147, 157, 166, 243 Trust, George Balanchine Trust 236 Terpsichore 184, 242, 243, 244 Tsarskoe Selo, see court theatre theatre Turin 28

350 Subject index

Turkey 172 virtuosity 10, 20, 24, 55, 70, 73–4, 120, 148, Turks 144 155, 164 turnout 70–1 voyeurism 124, 175 turns, pirouette 10, 11, 20, 38, 62–3, 71–2, 74, 89, 155, 160, 180, 192–3, 244 Wagnerianism 145 tutu 120, 184, 190, 193–5, 215, 239–40, 243, waltz 114, 136, 142, 144, 148, 150, 158, 160, 251 166, 169, 171, 173, 177, 180 Wehrmacht 284 urbanisation 277, 278 Weltbuhne, ¨ Die 210 urban landscape 116, 216 Whitehall 33, 37 urban life 133, 206 Wilfride (Giselle)142 urban society 274, 276 wili 113–14, 118–19, 123, 144, 178, 185, 189, 214 variation 10, 59, 63, 158–9, 166–9, 220, 229, woman question 275 231, 240, 243, 244 WorldWar,First 201p,208,248,275,277 Venice 12, 63 WorldWar,Second 245,280,284 Vˆepres siciliennes, Les 146 Versailles 63, 82, 89 Young Ballet 221, 226 Vienna 56, 82, 88–90 RoyalOpera 56,59,63,267 Zen Buddhism 286 State Opera 267 Ziegfeld Follies 230