Bacitracin Sensitivity Test Protocol
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Strains Causing Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: a Cross- Sectional Study in Harare, Zimbabwe
MOJ Immunology Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Strains causing Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: A Cross- Sectional Study in Harare, Zimbabwe Abstract Research Article Background and objective antibiotic susceptibility pattern: Effective among treatmentisolated bacterial of asymptomatic species among bacteriuria pregnant in Volume 6 Issue 1 - 2018 pregnancy requires susceptible drugs. The aim of this study was to determine womenMaterials with and asymptomatic Methods bacteriuria. : This study was conducted at 4 selected primary health 1Department of Nursing Science, University of Zimbabwe, care facilities in Harare, including pregnant women registering for antenatal Zimbabwe care at gestation between 6 and 22 weeks and without urinary tract infection 2Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Zimbabwe, symptoms. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was diagnosed by culture test of all Zimbabwe 3 midstream urine samples following screening by Griess nitrate test. Susceptibility Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe test was done for all positive 24 hour old culture using the disk diffusion test. The resistant and intermediate. 4Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway minimum inhibitory concentration was measured and categorized as susceptible, Results *Corresponding author: : Tested antibiotics included gentamycin (88.2%), ceftriaxone (70.6%), Department of Nursing Science,Judith Mazoe Musona Street, Rukweza, PO Box nitrofurantoin (76.5%), ciprofloxacin (82.4%), ampicillin (67.6%) and norfloxacin University of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences, (61.8%). Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 14.2% (95% CI, 10.28% to 19.22%). Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the most popular (29.4%) A198, Harare, Zimbabwe, Tel: 00263773917910; Email: bacteria followed by Escherichia coli (23.5%). Gentamycin (83.3%), ciprofloxacin Received: | Published: (75%) and ceftriaxone (70.8) overally had the highest sensitivity. -
Research Article Integrating Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility
Hindawi BioMed Research International Volume 2019, Article ID 8041746, 6 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8041746 Research Article Integrating Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing: A Simple and Rapid Approach to Reduce the Turnaround Time in the Management of Blood Cultures Dariane C. Pereira1 and Luciano Z. Goldani 2 1Microbiology Unit, Laboratory Diagnosis Service, Hospital de Cl´ınicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil 2InfectiousDiseases Unit, Hospital de Cl´ınicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Luciano Z. Goldani; [email protected] Received 1 June 2019; Revised 15 August 2019; Accepted 16 September 2019; Published 3 October 2019 Academic Editor: Jiangke Yang Copyright © 2019 Dariane C. Pereira and Luciano Z. Goldani. -is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. We evaluated a rapid bacterial identification (rID) and a rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion (rAST) from positive blood culture to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods and reduce the turnaround time in bloodstream infection diagnostics. -e study included hemocultures flagged as positive by bacT/ALERT , identification by MALDI-TOF MS, and rAST. -e results were compared to identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)® results by current standard methods, after 24 h incubation. For rAST categorical agreement (CA), very major errors (VME), major errors (ME), and minor errors (mE) were calculated. A total of 524 bacterial samples isolated from blood cultures were obtained, including 246 Gram-negative (GN) and 278 Gram-positive (GP) aerobes. -
Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance
Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance CAESAR Manual Version 3.0 2019 Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance CAESAR Manual Version 3, 2019 Abstract This manual is an update of the first edition published in 2015 and describes the objectives, methods and organization of the Central Asian and European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (CAESAR) network. It details steps involved for a country or area wanting to enrol in CAESAR, as well as steps involved in routine data collection for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance. It contains the protocols and AMR case definitions used by the network. Key updates involve the addition of Salmonella species to the list of pathogens under surveillance, as well as updates related to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing categories. CAESAR continues to coordinate closely with the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net) and strives for compatibility and comparability with EARS-NET, as well as the Global AMR Surveillance System coordinated by WHO headquarters. Keywords DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS INFECTION CONTROL POPULATION SURVEILLANCE DATA COLLECTION Address requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office website (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2019 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. -
(IQC) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests Using Disk Diffusion
Internal Quality Control (IQC) Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests Using Disk Diffusion National AMR Surveillance Network, NCDC National Programme on Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi April 2019 CONTENTS I. Scope .......................................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Selection of Strains for Quality Control ..................................................................................................... 2 III. Maintenance and Testing of QC Strains..................................................................................................... 3 Figure 1: Flow Chart: Maintenance of QC strains in a bacteriology lab......................................................... 4 IV. Quality Control (QC) Results—Documentation - Zone Diameter ............................................................. 5 V. QC Conversion Plan ................................................................................................................................... 5 1. The 20- or 30-Day Plan .......................................................................................................................... 5 2. The 15-Replicate (3× 5 Day) Plan ......................................................................................................... 5 3. Implementing Weekly Quality Control Testing ..................................................................................... 6 4. -
CAMP Tests (Standard and Rapid) and Reverse CAMP Test
M.V.Sc. (Veterinary Microbiology), Monsoon semester Date 31.12.2020 VMC- 602 (Bacteriology II), Unit III, Practical class CAMP Tests (Standard and Rapid) and Reverse CAMP test Dr. Savita Kumari Assistant Professor-cum-Jr. Scientist Department of Veterinary Microbiology Bihar Veterinary College, BASU, Patna CAMP factor S. agalactiae contains the CAMP factor, only beta-hemolytic Streptococcus secretes Pore -forming toxin first identified in this bacterium CAMP reaction is based on the co -hemolytic activity of the CAMP factor Commonly used to identify S. agalactiae Closely related proteins present also in other Gram - positive pathogens cfb gene encodes CAMP factor CAMP test CAMP reaction- consists in a zone of strong hemolysis that is observed when S. agalactiae is streaked next to Staphylococcus aureus on blood agar S. aureus secretes sphingomyelinase Sheep red blood cells - rich in sphingomyelin, and upon exposure to sphingomyelinase become greatly sensitized to CAMP factor, which then effects hemolysis Hemolysis most pronounced in the zone between the colonies of the two bacterial species Co-hemolytic phenomenon- presumptive identification of Group B Streptococci (S. agalactiae) CAMP test First described by Christie, Atkins, and Munch –Petersen in 1944 The protein was named CAMP factor for the initials of the authors of the article that first described the phenomenon Types: Standard CAMP test Rapid CAMP test (spot test ) Standard camp test are time consuming and/or expensive compared to the CAMP spot test Principle CAMP test detects -
A Ketoconazole Susceptibility Test for Malassezia Pachydermatis Using Modified Leeming–Notman Agar
Journal of Fungi Article A Ketoconazole Susceptibility Test for Malassezia pachydermatis Using Modified Leeming–Notman Agar Bo-Young Hsieh 1,2, Wei-Hsun Chao 3, Yi-Jing Xue 2 and Jyh-Mirn Lai 2,* 1 Lugu Township Administration, Nanto County 55844, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, No. 580, XinMin Rd., Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Department of Hospitality Management, WuFung University, Chiayi City 60054, Taiwan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-5-2732920; Fax: +886-5-2732917 Received: 18 September 2018; Accepted: 14 November 2018; Published: 16 November 2018 Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish a ketoconazole susceptibility test for Malassezia pachydermatis using modified Leeming–Notman agar (mLNA). The susceptibilities of 33 M. pachydermatis isolates obtained by modified CLSI M27-A3 method were compared with the results by disk diffusion method, which used different concentrations of ketoconazole on 6 mm diameter paper disks. Results showed that 93.9% (31/33) of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values obtained from both methods were similar (consistent with two methods within 2 dilutions). M. pachydermatis BCRC 21676 and Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 were used to verify the results obtained from the disk diffusion and modified CLSI M27-A3 tests, and they were found to be consistent. Therefore, the current study concludes that this new novel test—using different concentrations of reagents on cartridge disks to detect MIC values against ketoconazole—can be a cost-effective, time-efficient, and less technically demanding alternative to existing methods. -
Use of the Diagnostic Bacteriology Laboratory: a Practical Review for the Clinician
148 Postgrad Med J 2001;77:148–156 REVIEWS Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pmj.77.905.148 on 1 March 2001. Downloaded from Use of the diagnostic bacteriology laboratory: a practical review for the clinician W J Steinbach, A K Shetty Lucile Salter Packard Children’s Hospital at EVective utilisation and understanding of the Stanford, Stanford Box 1: Gram stain technique University School of clinical bacteriology laboratory can greatly aid Medicine, 725 Welch in the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Al- (1) Air dry specimen and fix with Road, Palo Alto, though described more than a century ago, the methanol or heat. California, USA 94304, Gram stain remains the most frequently used (2) Add crystal violet stain. USA rapid diagnostic test, and in conjunction with W J Steinbach various biochemical tests is the cornerstone of (3) Rinse with water to wash unbound A K Shetty the clinical laboratory. First described by Dan- dye, add mordant (for example, iodine: 12 potassium iodide). Correspondence to: ish pathologist Christian Gram in 1884 and Dr Steinbach later slightly modified, the Gram stain easily (4) After waiting 30–60 seconds, rinse with [email protected] divides bacteria into two groups, Gram positive water. Submitted 27 March 2000 and Gram negative, on the basis of their cell (5) Add decolorising solvent (ethanol or Accepted 5 June 2000 wall and cell membrane permeability to acetone) to remove unbound dye. Growth on artificial medium Obligate intracellular (6) Counterstain with safranin. Chlamydia Legionella Gram positive bacteria stain blue Coxiella Ehrlichia Rickettsia (retained crystal violet). -
Rapid Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Positive
Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS and a modification of the standardised disc diffusion test: a pilot study. Item Type Article Authors Fitzgerald, C;Stapleton, P;Phelan, E;Mulhare, P;Carey, B;Hickey, M;Lynch, B;Doyle, M Citation Rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of positive blood cultures using MALDI-TOF MS and a modification of the standardised disc diffusion test: a pilot study. 2016 J. Clin. Pathol. DOI 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203436 Publisher BMJ Journal Journal of clinical pathology Rights Archived with thanks to Journal of clinical pathology Download date 26/09/2021 22:03:45 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10147/620889 Find this and similar works at - http://www.lenus.ie/hse Rapid Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing of Positive Blood Cultures using MALDI-TOF MS and a modification of the standardized disk diffusion test - a pilot study. Fitzgerald C1, Stapleton P1, Phelan E1 , Mulhare P1, Carey B1, Hickey M1, Lynch B1, Doyle M1. 1Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital Waterford, Dunmore road, Waterford, Ireland Corresponding author: [email protected] Telephone: 00353-51-842488 Fax: 00353-51-848566 1 Keywords: blood culture, MALDI-TOF MS, rapid identification, rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing, disk diffusion, clinical impact Word count: 3,000 Abstract Aims In an era when clinical microbiology laboratories are under increasing financial pressure, there is a need for inexpensive, yet effective, rapid microbiology tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel modification of standard methodology for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of pathogens in positive blood cultures, reducing the turnaround time of laboratory results by 24 hours Methods 277 positive blood cultures had a gram stain performed, were o subcultured and incubated at 37 C in a CO2 atmosphere for 4 to 6 hours. -
Newborn Colonization and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus Agalactiae at the University of Gondar Referral
Gizachew et al. BMC Pediatrics (2018) 18:378 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1350-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Newborn colonization and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus agalactiae at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia Mucheye Gizachew1*, Moges Tiruneh1, Feleke Moges1, Mulat Adefris2, Zemene Tigabu3 and Belay Tessema1 Abstract Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) that asymptomatically colonizing the recto-vaginal area of women is the most important cause of neonatal colonization. There is paucity of evidence about newborn colonization with GBS in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the prevalence of newborn colonization with GBS, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates and associated risk factors at the University of Gondar Referral Hospital in Northwest Ethiopia Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017. A total of 1,155 swabs from nasal, ear and umbilical areas of the newborns were collected from the 385 newborns. Identifications of the isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done by using conventional methods. Results: Sixty two (16.1%, 95% CI: 12.2% - 20%) of the newborns were colonized by GBS. Seven percent of the total specimens were positive for GBS. The antibiotics susceptibility rates of GBS (average of the three body sites tested) were 95.1%, 89.6%, 88.9%, 85.7%, 85.3%, 81.3%, 76.9%, 76.1%, 73.8%, and 34.4% to ampicillin, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, azitromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, respectively. A multilogistic regression analyses were shown that the newborns that were from mothers whose education status was below tertiary level, and newborns from mothers who were: being employed, being nullipara and multigravida were at risk for colonization with GBS. -
1815-IJBCS-Article-Sylvester Okorondu
Available online at http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 7(4): 1668-1677, August 2013 ISSN 1991-8631 Original Paper http://indexmedicus.afro.who.int Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity profile of urinary tract infection pathogens among pregnant and non pregnant women S. I. OKORONDU 1* , C. O. AKUJOBI 1, C. B. NNADI 1, S. O. ANYADO-NWADIKE 2 et M. M. O. OKORONDU 3 1Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria. 2Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria. 3Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Owerri, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Nigeria. * Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity profile of urinary tract infection isolates from 100 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Owerri General Hospital, Nigeria was assessed. The prevalence of UTI isolates from the pregnant women was compared with that in non-pregnant women. The organisms isolated include: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , Coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella spp , Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp and Streptococcus spp. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolates were also determined using disk diffusion test. One hundred (100) women were tested; 40% had bacteriuria as against 31% in non-pregnant women. The most sensitive isolate was E. coli, while the least was Streptococcus spp. The most effective antibiotics were Gentamycin, Tarivid and Ciprofloxacin, while the least occurred with Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin, Septrin, Ampiclox. Improvement on personal hygiene and diagnostic screening and treatment will help to reduce the prevalence of bacteriuria in pregnancy. -
TRYPTIC SOY AGAR - for in Vitro Use Only
TRYPTIC SOY AGAR - For in vitro use only - Plated Media Tubed Media PT80 –Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) TT80 – TSA Slant PT81 – TSA (SXT) TT80-18 – TSA Pour Plate [18-mL] PT89 – TSA w Yeast Extract TB75 – TSA Blood Slant PB75 – TSA w 5% Sheep Blood PB81 – TSA w 7% Sheep Blood PB69 – TSA w 5% Horse Blood PB80 – TSA w 7% Horse Blood Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) is a general purpose The CAMP test can also be used to help identify plating medium used for the isolation, cultivation, pathogenic species of Listeria . and maintenance of a variety of fastidious and non- TSA with horse blood is used to isolate more fastidious microorganisms. fastidious organisms. Horse blood contains both X Leavitt et al. demonstrated the versatility of and V factor, which are essential growth factors for TSA by cultivating both aerobic and anaerobic some organisms such as Haemophilus species. microbes using TSA. TSA is recognized and Sheep and human blood are not suitable since they recommended by numerous agencies around the contain specific enzymes that inactivate V Factor. world. Our standard formulation is prepared Although, some laboratories prefer a plated according to the United States Pharmacopeia medium with a higher blood content (7-10%) or (USP) and recommended for various different with horse blood, these mediums should not be applications put forth by the Association of used for determination of hemolytic reactions or Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC), the for the CAMP test. The increased blood content International Dairy Federation (IDF), the United can make hemolytic reactions less distinct and States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the more difficult to read while defibrinated horse American Public Health Association (APHA). -
Streptococci
STREPTOCOCCI Streptococci are Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, catalase-negative cocci that occur in pairs or chains. Older cultures may lose their Gram-positive character. Most streptococci are facultative anaerobes, and some are obligate (strict) anaerobes. Most require enriched media (blood agar). Streptococci are subdivided into groups by antibodies that recognize surface antigens (Fig. 11). These groups may include one or more species. Serologic grouping is based on antigenic differences in cell wall carbohydrates (groups A to V), in cell wall pili-associated protein, and in the polysaccharide capsule in group B streptococci. Rebecca Lancefield developed the serologic classification scheme in 1933. β-hemolytic strains possess group-specific cell wall antigens, most of which are carbohydrates. These antigens can be detected by immunologic assays and have been useful for the rapid identification of some important streptococcal pathogens. The most important groupable streptococci are A, B and D. Among the groupable streptococci, infectious disease (particularly pharyngitis) is caused by group A. Group A streptococci have a hyaluronic acid capsule. Streptococcus pneumoniae (a major cause of human pneumonia) and Streptococcus mutans and other so-called viridans streptococci (among the causes of dental caries) do not possess group antigen. Streptococcus pneumoniae has a polysaccharide capsule that acts as a virulence factor for the organism; more than 90 different serotypes are known, and these types differ in virulence. Fig. 1 Streptococci - clasiffication. Group A streptococci causes: Strep throat - a sore, red throat, sometimes with white spots on the tonsils Scarlet fever - an illness that follows strep throat. It causes a red rash on the body.