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Cano-Rodriguez-Bruno-German.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES PROPAGACIÓN VEGETATIVA DE Guadua aff. angustifolia A PARTIR DE CHUSQUINES EN CONDICIONES DE VIVERO TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO FORESTAL BRUNO GERMÁN CANO RODRÍGUEZ LIMA – PERÚ 2020 La UNALM es titular de los derechos patrimoniales de la presente investigación (Art. 24 – Reglamento de Propiedad Intelectual) UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA LA MOLINA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES “PROPAGACIÓN VEGETATIVA DE Guadua aff. angustifolia A PARTIR DE CHUSQUINES EN CONDICIONES DE VIVERO” TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO DE INGENIERO FORESTAL BRUNO GERMÁN CANO RODRÍGUEZ Sustentada y aprobada ante el siguiente jurado: …………………………………………………… Ing. Ignacio Rómulo Lombardi Indacochea Presidente ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… Ing. Carlos Fernando Bulnes Soriano Dr. Carlos Augusto Reynel Rodríguez Miembro Miembro ………………………………………………… ………………………………………………… Dr. Gilberto Domínguez Torrejón Mg. Sc. Maricel Jadith Móstiga Rodríguez Asesor Co Asesora DEDICATORIA A la vida, por darme la dicha de tener una maravillosa familia: mis padres, Germán y Maritza, y mi hermana, Marisol, por ser mi ejemplo y refugio. A Romina, por ser la luz en mi vida, amiga incondicional y apoyo. A aquellos amigos que se convirtieron en hermanos, por creer siempre en mí. A todos aquellos que han despertado la pasión por el bambú. Finalmente, a quienes ya no se encuentran físicamente conmigo, pero me acompañan en todo momento. AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero expresar mi más sincero agradecimiento a todas aquellas personas que han contribuido, de distintas maneras, a la realización del presente trabajo de investigación: Al Dr. Gilberto Domínguez, asesor del presente trabajo, y a los miembros del Jurado de Tesis, Dr. Carlos Reynel, Ing. Ignacio Lombardi e Ing. Fernando Bulnes por su orientación y buena disposición. A los miembros del “Círculo de investigación en la cadena de valor del bambú para el desarrollo sustentable, científico y tecnológico”, en especial al Dr. Héctor Enrique Gonzales Mora por permitirme formar parte como tesista, así como al Bach. Paolo Zamora, por su apoyo incondicional en la realización de la fase de campo. Al Vivero Forestal (FCF-UNALM), dirigido por la Ing. Luisa Morales, por brindarme las facilidades para la realización de la parte experimental de mi tesis. A la Ing. Ximena Londoño y al Ing. Francisco Castaño, reconocidos investigadores colombianos de bambúes neotropicales, por la identificación de la especie en estudio. Asimismo, agradezco a quienes han contribuido a encender esa llama de curiosidad y pasión por los bambúes, en especial a la Mg. Sc. Maricel Móstiga, profesora y amiga, por la oportunidad brindada, la paciencia infinita, los conocimientos adquiridos y la confianza depositada. Finalmente, agradezco a Romina Móstiga, a quien a su vez pido disculpas ya que un párrafo no es suficiente para expresar toda mi gratitud por el apoyo brindado desde el primer día. Gracias por el aliento y haber estado presente cuando más te necesitaba, por todos aquellos días en los que el arduo trabajo y las largas horas se convirtieron en gratos momentos, siempre con una sonrisa en el rostro iluminando el camino. Este trabajo de investigación se realizó con el apoyo y financiamiento de CONCYTEC- FONDECYT en el marco del convenio N°174-2015 “Círculo de investigación en la cadena de valor del bambú para el desarrollo sustentable, científico y tecnológico”. ÍNDICE GENERAL Página I. Introducción ........................................................................................................................... 1 II. Revisión de literatura .............................................................................................................. 4 1. Definición de bambú .......................................................................................................... 4 2. Diversidad y distribución geográfica de los bambúes ........................................................... 4 3. Floración y taxonomía de los bambúes ................................................................................ 6 3.1. Subfamilia Bambusoideae .......................................................................................... 8 3.2. Tribu Bambuseae ....................................................................................................... 9 3.3. Subtribu Guaduinae ................................................................................................. 10 4. Género Guadua ................................................................................................................ 10 5. Bambúes en el Perú .......................................................................................................... 12 6. Estructuras morfológicas de los bambúes .......................................................................... 14 6.1. El rizoma................................................................................................................. 15 6.2. El culmo .................................................................................................................. 16 6.3. La yema .................................................................................................................. 16 6.4. Hoja caulinar ........................................................................................................... 16 6.5. Ramificación ........................................................................................................... 17 6.6. Follaje ..................................................................................................................... 17 6.7. La inflorescencia ..................................................................................................... 17 6.8. El fruto .................................................................................................................... 18 7. Métodos de propagación................................................................................................... 18 7.1. Propagación sexual .................................................................................................. 18 7.2. Propagación asexual ................................................................................................ 19 7.2.1. Ventajas y desventajas de la propagación vegetativa ............................................. 19 7.2.2. Métodos de propagación vegetativa de bambúes ................................................... 21 a. Rizoma ............................................................................................................... 21 b. Segmentos de culmo ............................................................................................ 21 c. Segmentos de ramas ............................................................................................ 22 d. Cultivo in vitro .................................................................................................... 23 e. Chusquines.......................................................................................................... 24 7.2.3. Etapas de propagación vegetativa por el método de chusquines ............................. 24 a. Bancos de propagación ........................................................................................ 24 b. Invernadero ......................................................................................................... 25 c. Eras de crecimiento ............................................................................................. 25 8. Estado de conocimiento del género Guadua en América y sus estudios en propagación vegetativa................................................................................................................................. 26 9. Vivero Forestal ................................................................................................................ 33 9.1. Definición ............................................................................................................... 33 9.2. Tipos de viveros ...................................................................................................... 33 9.2.1. Viveros permanentes ........................................................................................... 33 9.2.2. Viveros temporales .............................................................................................. 34 9.3. Componentes del vivero forestal............................................................................... 34 9.3.1. Germinadores o bancos de propagación ................................................................ 34 9.3.2. Invernaderos o invernáculos ................................................................................. 34 9.3.3. Eras de crecimiento ............................................................................................. 35 9.3.4. Área de mezcla de sustrato y trasplante ................................................................. 35 9.3.5. Tinglado o sombreadero ...................................................................................... 35 9.4. Labores culturales .................................................................................................... 36 9.4.1. Riego .................................................................................................................. 36 9.4.2. Deshierbe ............................................................................................................ 37 10. Indicadores de calidad del material
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