Rockabill Cable Route Corridor

Marine Archaeological Assessment

Client: McMahon Design and Management

Author: Mark Kelly

Checked By: Finn Delaney

Job No. G18006

Date: 14/02/2018

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Marine Archaeological Assessment

Non-Technical Summary:

McMahon Design and Management Ltd. Have commissioned Geomara Ltd. to undertake a maritime archaeological assessment in connection with the DeepSea Fibre Networks proposed sub-sea fibre optic cable extending from in North County and making landfall at Cleveleys in Lancashire in the UK. This report addresses the section within the Irish jurisdiction.

The assessment comprises an introduction to the study area; and the identification of cultural heritage sites, features and deposits located along the proposed cable route corridor. In order to provide a comprehensive assessment, an extensive desk based study of the route corridor was undertaken. Potential impacts of the proposed scheme on the receiving environment are addressed and mitigation measures to ameliorate these impacts are presented.

The assessment concluded that there are no known potential cultural heritage assets directly affected by the landfall in Portrane but a number of wrecks sites are located in close proximity to the cable corridor. Two sites in particular (the Sharlega W10033 and the Nelie Esplin W00786) are highlighted as having possible direct impacts. The route corridor as assessed was changed as a result of these findings and the cable corridor has been diverted around the location of the Sharlega (W 10033).

Three archaeological monuments located in close proximity to where the cable route makes landfall in Portrane are St Catherine’s Church (DU-008-031001), located c. 200m directly west of the where the cable makes landfall, adjacent to the church and graveyard c. 430m northwest of landfall a Tower house (DU-008-030) known as Stella’s Castle can be found and in the of Quay almost 400m east of the cable making landfall the human burnt remains (DU-008-032) in a beach deposit were exposed in the 1940’s suggesting a possible funeral pyre. Given the close proximity to these known sites and wrecks, the likelihood of additional unknown archaeological features or wrecks associated with the surrounding historical landscape needs to be taken into consideration before and during the proposed project.

Consequently, given the results of the impact assessment the mitigation strategies outlined here detail the measures to be adopted in order to ameliorate any unforeseen direct, indirect and secondary impacts that the proposed cable may have on features of maritime cultural heritage interest. If these measures are employed it is envisaged that the proposed cable installation will have no impact on features of maritime cultural heritage interest.

The following mitigation recommendations are presented in connection with the proposed cable:

1. It is recommended that all sites of cultural heritage interested included in this report are avoided. 2. The cable installation from the end of the HDD out to the low water line should be subject to archaeological monitoring. 3. A detailed marine survey using remote sensing geophysical techniques, involving Multibeam Echosounder, Sidescan Sonar, Sub Bottom Profiler and Marine Magnetometer should be carried out prior to commencement of main-lay operations. 4. Archaeological analysis of the geophysical and bathymetric pre- installation surveys should be undertaken to both confirm the locations of the wreck sites within the survey corridor and also to identify any potential unrecorded seabed and sub seabed maritime archaeological features. Where the location of any wreck sites on the cable route is established the cable will be re-routed to avoid them.

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Marine Archaeological Assessment

5. Archaeological monitoring of the pre-lay grapnel run should be undertaken in order to identify any previously unrecorded archaeological features finds or deposits. 6. It is recommended that procedures should be put in place to ensure that any previously unrecorded cultural heritage assets encountered during the project should be assessed by a suitably qualified archaeologist and avoided by the cable laying operations. 7. Should the proposed cable route be subject to further revision, details of these revisions should be forwarded to the project archaeologist for assessment 8. On completion of the cable installation a report will be produced summarising all archaeological aspects of the project and submitted to DAHG and the National Museum of Ireland

Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com

Marine Archaeological Assessment Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 1.1 Introduction ...... 5 1.2 Site Location: ...... 5 1.3 Legislative Framework and Guidance ...... 7 2. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 8 2.1 Desk based assessment ...... 8 2.2 Impact Assessment ...... 9 2.3 Mitigation measures ...... 9 3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 10 3.1 Introduction ...... 10 3.2 Planning Context in Relation to Archaeology and Cultural Heritage ...... 10 3.3 Historical Landscape Character Areas ...... 19 3.4 Geological Baseline ...... 21 3.5 Bathymetry and seabed typology ...... 21 3.6 Portrane and ...... 22 4. CABLE ROUTE CORRIDOR ...... 25 4.1 Sites of cultural heritage interest along the cable corridor...... 25 4.4 Unrecorded sites ...... 34 5. PROPOSED CABLE DEVELOPMENT DETAILS ...... 35 5.1 Pre Installation Survey ...... 35 5.2 The landfall at Portrane (HDD) ...... 35 5.3 Cable Installation on Beach ...... 36 5.4 Offshore Cable Installation ...... 36 6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 37 6.1 Impacts on maritime cultural heritage...... 37 6.2 Direct Impacts ...... 38 6.3 Indirect Impacts ...... 39 6.4 Secondary Impact ...... 39 6.5 Cumulative impacts ...... 39 7. MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 40 7.2 Proposed Route Position List ...... 41 APPENDIX 1 SHIPWRECK INVENTORY ...... 43 APPENDIX 2. TOPOGRAPHICAL FILES ...... 58 APPENDIX 3. RECORDED SITES AND MONUMENTS ...... 59 APPENDIX 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS ...... 64

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Archaeological Assessment

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction

DeepSea Fibre Networks Ltd. is planning to construct a sub-sea fibre optic cable extending from Portrane in north Dublin to Cleveleys in Lancashire. In Ireland, the sub-sea cable will be linked via an on-shore cable to the cable hub at Clonshaugh and in the UK it will be linked with national networks with a specific link to Manchester. This report deals with the Irish Inshore section.

The assessment comprises an introduction to the study area; and the identification of cultural heritage sites, features and deposits located along the proposed cable route corridor. In order to provide a comprehensive assessment, an extensive desk based study of the route corridor was undertaken. Potential impacts of the proposed scheme on the receiving environment is addressed and mitigation measures to ameliorate these impacts are presented.

1.2 Site Location: A draft Route Position List has been made available and provides a basis for this assessment. The proposed route corridor comprises a 500m corridor and is 230km overall from Portrane to the UK. The planned route extends in a north of easterly direction from a landfall at Portrane.

The Irish inshore section is defined as the section of cable from the coastline at Portrane out to the 12-mile limit which is at Kp 34.9 i.e approximately 35 Kilometres from the Irish Coastline.

Figure 1. Inshore Section Ireland The cable follows an easterly lineout of Portrane before swinging north to avoid the shallow water of the Frazer Bank and runs parallel to the line of Gas Interconnector 1 and the EWIC system over a distance of 17.5km.

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Archaeological Assessment

There is a convergence of cables as the 12 Mile-Limit is approached and, so as to avoid that section, the route turns to the north at Kp 24.5 and crosses EWIC and Gas Interconnector 1 at approximately 90°.

Having crossed EWIC and Gas Interconnector 1 the route swings back to an easterly direction and crosses the 12 Mile-Limit at 53°36’ 49.5844 N 05°23’ 14.9630 Wat Kp 34.9 (ie 34.9 Kilometres from the coastline at Portrane) TP Longitude Latitude Length Total Length Heading 6° 06' 33.7556" 53° 29' 00 2.485 km --- 79.6° W 36.8526" N 6° 04' 21.1965" 53° 29' 01 376.35 m 2.485 km 67.7° W 51.4041" N 53° 29' 02 6° 04' 2.3120" W 467.77 m 2.823 km 58.1° 56.1465" N 6° 03' 40.7774" 53° 30' 03 507.71 m 3.291 km 47.4° W 4.1510" N 6° 03' 20.4898" 53° 30' 04 321.95 m 3.799 km 32.4° W 15.2594" N 6° 03' 11.1385" 53° 30' 05 951.54 m 4.121 km 19.2° W 24.0555" N 6° 02' 54.1555" 53° 30' 06 462.43 m 5.072 km 26.5° W 53.1219" N 6° 02' 42.9501" 53° 31' 07 408.71 m 5.535 km 35.5° W 6.5058" N 6° 02' 30.0637" 53° 31' 08 293.32 m 5.944 km 48.0° W 17.2668" N 6° 02' 18.2312" 53° 31' 09 281.94 m 6.237 km 62.0° W 23.6150" N 53° 31' 10 6° 02' 4.7152" W 1.036 km 6.519 km 76.1° 27.8925" N 6° 01' 10.1458" 53° 31' 11 14.937 km 7.555 km 82.5° W 35.9514" N 5° 47' 45.8441" 53° 32' 12 658.35 m 22.492 km 77.1° W 38.0689" N 5° 47' 10.9930" 53° 32' 13 445.59 m 23.15 km 62.2° W 42.8217" N 5° 46' 49.5924" 53° 32' 14 289.44 m 23.596 km 48.4° W 49.5506" N 5° 46' 37.8319" 53° 32' 15 217.59 m 23.885 km 35.5° W 55.7627" N 5° 46' 30.9679" 53° 33' 16 235.28 m 24.103 km 21.2° W 1.4922" N 5° 46' 26.3554" 53° 33' 17 254.78 m 24.338 km 6.6° W 8.5895" N 5° 46' 24.7637" 53° 33' 18 2.03 km 24.593 km 351.7° W 16.7760" N 5° 46' 40.6493" 53° 34' 19 299.51 m 26.623 km 6.6° W 21.7457" N 5° 46' 38.7684" 53° 34' 20 247.68 m 26.922 km 21.6° W 31.3687" N 5° 46' 33.8025" 53° 34' 21 243.02 m 27.17 km 25.0° W 38.8152" N 5° 46' 28.2297" 53° 34' 22 200.74 m 27.413 km 39.7° W 45.9420" N Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 6

Archaeological Assessment

5° 46' 21.2646" 53° 34' 23 182.73 m 27.614 km 53.9° W 50.9400" N 5° 46' 13.2379" 53° 34' 24 113.97 m 27.796 km 66.7° W 54.4210" N 53° 34' 25 5° 46' 7.5480" W 6.968 km 27.91 km 79.6° 55.8784" N 5° 39' 54.9306" 53° 35' 26 15.337 km 34.879 km 79.5 W 36.5066" N Table 1. Assessed Route Position List Irish Inshore Section.

1.3 Legislative Framework and Guidance This assessment takes into account the following legislative procedures and guidelines: • The National Monuments Act (1930-2004), • The Foreshore Act (1933), • Merchant Shipping Act (1995); • Valetta Convention; • ICOMOS; and • UNESCO

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Archaeological Assessment

2. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY Archaeological assessment has been described as “the overall process of assessing the impact of a development” (DAHGI, 1999, Policy and Guidelines on Archaeological Excavation. Govt. Publications Office, Dublin).

The principle aim of assessment is to anticipate and avoid impacts on the archaeological resource. Archaeological assessment may be required as part of the planning process in response to developments which may be located in the vicinity of archaeological monuments (The Heritage Council. 2000).

This document has been prepared with reference to specific criteria set out in the Guidelines on Information to be Contained in an Environmental Impact Statement (EPA 2002) and the Advice Notes on Current Practice (in preparation of Environmental Impact Statements) (EPA 2003).

This report details 3individual phases, all of which followed in succession and contributed towards the complete assessment of the project. These phases are: 1. Desktop study 2. Impact Assessment 3. Provision of suggested mitigatory measures

2.1 Desk based assessment The desk-based assessment is a documentary and cartographic search utilising a number of sources in order to locate all known cultural heritage assets within the study area and within the general location of the proposed cable route. An additional purpose of the desktop study is to provide an historical and archaeological background to the subject site.

GeoMara consulted the following sources: • Local and National Libraries • The National Monuments and Site Register, • The National Museum – topographical files • The Geological Survey of Ireland – aerial photographs, • Examination of historic maps and related sources, • The Architectural Archive of Ireland, • The National Archives of Ireland, • Historic Annals, • Lewis’ Topographical Dictionary • Genealogical Societies and Local Historical Societies. • The Ports and Harbour Archive

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Archaeological Assessment

• The National Shipwreck Inventory • County Development Plan 2017 - 2023 • Online and web sources

A variety of sources have been consulted to provide information on potential impacts and the relationship of the proposed cable route within the wider maritime context to include all known maritime and terrestrial cultural heritage assets. Together these provide an overview of the proposed cable route and its surroundings which can then be used to determine areas of archaeological potential.

2.2 Impact Assessment Impact Assessment is the penultimate stage of the assessment process. It involves dissemination of the results of the desktop assessment and the determination of impact.

2.3 Mitigation measures The final aspect of the overall assessment process is the provision of suggested mitigation measures. There are various ways potential impacts of a development can be mitigated. Mitigation measures usually involve avoidance (the implementation of exclusion zones and design alterations), reduction (the introduction of measures to deal with unexpected discoveries during works), or offsetting (excavation and recording of a site before an impact occurs). Ideally, sites and features of cultural heritage interest should be subject to as little disturbance as possible, where policy normally dictates a presumption in favour of preservation in situ in line with current national policy.

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Archaeological Assessment

3. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT 3.1 Introduction In describing the receiving environment, the context, character, significance and sensitivity of the baseline receiving environment into which the proposed development will fit is assessed. This takes account of any other proposed developments that are likely to proceed.

3.2 Planning Context in Relation to Archaeology and Cultural Heritage Fingal Development Plan 2017-2023 addresses issues relating to Cultural Heritage and sets out a wide range of policies under a number of sub headings. This assessment takes account of all the stated policies and related objectives. The Fingal Development Plan 2017-2023 implements applicable Ministerial Planning Guidelines to help resolve any issues relating to any cultural and heritage sites onshore or offshore.

Chapter 10and sections 10.1 – 10.3 of the Fingal Development Plan and its relevant appendices (2 & 3) contains a committed protection and conservation of buildings, areas, structures, sites and features of archaeological, architectural, historical, artistic, cultural, scientific, natural heritage, social or technical interest:

• By safeguarding archaeological sites, monuments, objects and their settings listed in the Record of

Monuments and Places (RMP), and any additional newly discovered archaeological remains, and by identifying archaeologically sensitive historic landscapes.

• By protecting the architectural heritage of Fingal through the identification of Protected Structures,

the designation of Architectural Conservation Areas, the safeguarding of designed landscapes and historic gardens, and the recognition of structures and elements that contribute positively to the vernacular and industrial heritage of the County.

• By favouring the preservation in-situ (or at a minimum preservation by record) of all sites and

features of historical and archaeological interest.

• By making our cultural heritage more accessible and maximise its potential as a learning resource.

• By promoting the understanding of Fingal’s cultural heritage in terms of its inherent and unique

character and to recognise what elements should be preserved, conserved or enhanced.

• By implementing the objectives and actions of the Fingal Heritage Plan to raise the profile and

awareness of Fingal’s heritage. The Council is dedicated to protecting, conserving and presenting the county’s rich cultural heritage while promoting sustainable economic development and the enrichment of the environment.

Archaeological Heritage The National Monuments Acts 1930-2004 provide for the protection of archaeological sites, monuments, artefacts and shipwrecks that are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP). Although the

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Archaeological Assessment archaeological resource is finite (refer Appendix 3), sites continue to be discovered. Where new development is being considered, it therefore advisable to check the National Monuments Service’s Archaeological Survey Database on www.archaeology.ie in order to assess the archaeological potential of a site.

Protection of an Archaeological Resource • Objective – CH01: Favour the preservation in situ or at a minimum preservation by record, of archaeological sites, monuments, features or objects in their settings. In securing such preservation the Council will have regard to the advice and recommendations of the National Monuments Service of the Department of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht. • Objective – CH02: Protect all archaeological sites and monuments, underwater archaeology, and archaeological objects, which are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places and all sites and features of archaeological and historic interest discovered subsequent to the publication of the Record of Monuments and Places, and to seek their preservation in situ (or at a minimum, preservation by record) through the planning process. • Objective – CH03: Encourage and promote the appropriate management and maintenance of the County’s archaeological heritage, including historical burial grounds, in accordance with conservation principles and best practice guidelines.

Development and the Archaeological Resource Archaeology is a non-renewable resource in that once an archaeological feature or site is excavated or removed it is gone forever from the landscape. Therefore, any proposed development should consider the potential impact on archaeology in the very earliest stages and seek to avoid affecting archaeological features or sites and their setting. This includes development along or in Fingal’s rivers, coastline and tidal estuaries. Currently 40% of the recorded archaeological sites within Fingal are sub-surface. Therefore, any development has the potential to uncover previously unknown archaeological sites. • Objective – CH04: Ensure archaeological remains are identified and fully considered at the very earliest stages of the development process, that schemes are designed to avoid impacting on the archaeological heritage. • Objective – CH05: Require that proposals for linear development over one kilometre in length; proposals for development involving ground clearance of more than half a hectare; or developments in proximity to areas with a density of known archaeological monuments and history of discovery; to include an Archaeological Impact Assessment and refer such applications to the relevant Prescribed Bodies.CH06 • Objective – CH06: Ensure that development within the vicinity of a recorded monument or zone of archaeological notification does not seriously detract from the setting of the feature, and is sited and designed appropriately.

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Archaeological Assessment

• Objective – CH07: Develop a policy in relation to the treatment of archaeological monuments within open space of developments. A different designation from that of open space will be applied where subsurface archaeological remains are incorporated to differentiate the area. CH0 • Objective – CH08: Recognise the importance of archaeology or historic landscapes and the connectivity between sites, where it exists, in order to safeguard them from developments that would unduly sever or disrupt the relationship and/or inter-visibility between sites. CH09 • Objective – CH09: Co-operate with other agencies in the assessment of the potential for climate change to impact on coastal, riverine, inter-tidal and sub-tidal sites and their environments including shipwreck sites.H10 • Objective – CH10: Encourage reference to or incorporation of significant archaeological finds into development schemes, where appropriate and sensitively designed, through layout, displays, signage, plaques, information panels and by using historic place names and the where appropriate. Awareness and the Archaeological Resource There are currently 1015 known archaeological sites and monuments in Fingal. These vary from the familiar- churches, graveyards, castles, windmills and holy wells- to sites that survive only beneath the surface- settlements, burials, ditches and pits. All of these sites contain unique information about our past and the people who lived in Fingal before us. They also form a resource for education, for communities and for tourism. The Council owns or is responsible for almost 20% of all the archaeological sites within Fingal. • Objective – CH11: Promote best practice for archaeological excavation by ensuring that they are undertaken according to best practice as outlined by the National Monuments Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, The National Museum and the Institute of Archaeologists of Ireland.ObjectiCH12 • Objective – CH12: Actively support the dissemination of the findings of archaeological investigations and excavations through the publication of excavation reports thereby promoting public awareness and appreciation of the value of archaeological resources. • Objective – CH13: Identify Areas of Archaeological Potential that contain clusters of Recorded Monuments or have a significant history of the discovery of archaeological sites, features and objects in order to allow for their designation, protection of their setting and environs. ecti14 • Objective – CH14: Raise public awareness of the cultural heritage and improve legibility by providing appropriate signage or interpretation in areas, sites, villages, and buildings of archaeological and historic significance.5 • Objective – CH15: Develop and implement the findings of the Community Archaeology Strategy for Fingal. • Objective – CH16: Support the growth of cultural tourism in the county, including the potential for niche heritage-based tourism products by facilitating the development of heritage events, infrastructure such as heritage trails, walkways and cycleways etc. and activities such as community excavation.CH17 Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 12

Archaeological Assessment

• Objective – CH17: Manage the archaeological sites and monuments that owns or is responsible for according to best practice and according to Conservation Plans where they exist.

Architectural Heritage Fingal has a diverse building stock ranging from farmsteads, small cottages and large country houses to the architecture of a capital city, including an international airport, large shopping centres and modern office blocks. Within this great variety of building types and uses are structures, streetscapes, village and town cores of such architectural heritage significance or special character that they are deemed worthy of protection either as individual elements, as clusters of buildings or as falling under a distinctive building theme or type that form part of the unique identity of Fingal.

Part IV of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, as amended provides the legal basis for the conservation and enhancement of the architectural heritage. There are two principal mechanisms within this legislation for the protection of these assets; the Record of Protected Structures (RPS) and Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs). Specific direction on the implementation and management of these statutory protections is provided in the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht’s publication Architectural Heritage Protection: Guidelines for Planning Authorities (2011). The Department has also issued a range of publications under its Advice Series to provide more detailed guidance and advice on historic building materials and issues e.g. maintenance, access, windows, iron, and brickwork.

Record of Protected Structures (RPS) Each Local Authority has a legal responsibility to compile a Record of Protected Structures (RPS). Structures, or parts of structures, can be added to the Record if they are deemed of special architectural, archaeological, historical, cultural, artistic, scientific, social and/or technical interest. A Protected Structure, unless otherwise stated, includes the exterior and interior of the structure, the land lying within its curtilage, any other structures and their exterior and interiors lying within that curtilage, plus all fixtures and features which form part of the interior or exterior of any of these structures. Curtilage refers to the parcel of land immediately associated with the Protected Structure and generally forms the boundary of the property ownership. Large properties like country estates, institutional complexes, and industrial sites can have extensive grounds that contain a number of additional structures within their curtilage or attendant grounds which have a functional connection or historical relationship with the principal building. The location of these structures and the laying out of the lands were often deliberately designed to complement the appearance of the Protected Structure or to assist in its function. Therefore, the setting of a Protected Structure may contribute significantly to its special character. Any works that would materially affect or impact the character of a protected structure require planning permission.

The current RPS is included in Appendix 2 of this Draft Plan. The RPS may be varied at any time by following the procedures outlined in Section 55 of the Planning and Development Act, 2000, as amended. The up-to-date

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Archaeological Assessment

RPS, incorporating any additions or deletions within the lifetime of the current Development Plan, will be maintained on the Council’s website or can be checked at the public counter of the Council’s Offices.

The following policies are considered relevant:H18 • Objective – CH18: Review the Record of Protected Structures on an on-going basis and add structures of special interest as appropriate, including significant elements of industrial, maritime or vernacular heritage and any twentieth century structures of merit. • Objective – CH19: Ensure that any development, modification, alteration, or extension affecting a Protected Structure and/or its setting is sensitively sited and designed, is compatible with the special character, and is appropriate in terms of the proposed scale, mass, height, density, layout, materials, impact on architectural or historic features, and junction with the existing Protected Structure. • Objective – CH20: Seek that the form and structural integrity of the Protected Structure is retained in any redevelopment and that the relationship between the Protected Structure and any complex of adjoining buildings, designed landscape features, or designed views or vistas from or to the structure is conserved. • Objective – CH21: Encourage the sympathetic and appropriate reuse, rehabilitation and retention of Protected Structures and their grounds including public access seeking that the Protected Structure Is conserved to a high standard, and the special interest, character and setting of the building preserved. In certain cases, the relaxation of site zoning restrictions may be considered in order to secure the preservation and conservation of the Protected Structure where the use proposed is compatible with the existing structure and this will only be permitted where the development is consistent with conservation policies and the proper planning and sustainable development of the area. • Objective – CH22: Promote the use or reuse of all the Protected Structures at St.Ita’s Hospital complex and demesne in Portrane as a priority for Fingal County Council. Notwithstanding the use class ‘HA’ Zoning matrix , appropriate uses within the Protected Structures and within the ancillary land areas within the complex including uses which also relate to and are consistent with the historic use of the overall historic complex (established prior to the foundation of the Irish State)will be actively promoted and allowed to proceed subject to appropriate consent where such activities will secure viable sustainable re use of the complex into the future and which will provide for the proper conservation and sustainable development of St. Ita’s. • Objective – CH23: Ensure that proposals for large scale developments and infrastructure projects consider the impacts on the architectural heritage and seek to avoid them. The extent, route, services and signage for such projects should be sited at a distance from Protected Structures, outside the boundaries of historic designed landscapes, and not interrupt specifically designed vistas. Where this is not possible the visual impact must be minimised through appropriate mitigation measures such as high quality design and/or use of screen planting. • Objective – CH24: Prevent the demolition or inappropriate alteration of Protected Structures. Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 14

Archaeological Assessment

• Objective – CH25: Demonstrate best practice in relation to the management, care and maintenance of Protected Structures by continuing the programme of commissioning Conservation Plans for the principal heritage properties in the Council’s ownership and implementing the policies and actions of these Conservation Plans where they already exist. • Objective – CH26: Carry out an audit and assess the condition of all Protected Structures within the Council’s ownership and devise a management/maintenance plan for these structures. • Objective – CH27: Ensure that measures to up-grade the energy efficiency of Protected Structures and historic buildings are sensitive to traditional construction methods and materials and do not have a detrimental physical, aesthetic or visual impact on the structure. They should follow the principles and direction given in the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht’s publication Energy Efficiency in Traditional Buildings.

Architectural Conservation Areas (ACA) An Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) is a place, area, group of structures or townscape that is of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest or value, or contributes to the appreciation of protected structures. ACAs could encompass, for example, a terrace of houses, a whole streetscape, town centre or a small cluster of structures associated with a specific building such as a mill or country house. Most structures in an ACA are important in the context of their contribution to the streetscape or character of an area and so the protection status generally relates only to the exterior of the buildings or the streetscape, except for Protected Structures within ACAs where the protection extends to the interior and curtilage of these properties. Any works that would have a material effect on the special character of an ACA require planning permission.

The following are ACA’s in Fingal are considered relevant to the project: • Donabate – Newbridge House Demesne & The Square • Portrane – Grey Square • Portrane – Red Square • Portrane – St. Ita’s Hospital complex

The following policies are considered relevant:H18 • Objective – CH28: Identify any potential new ACAs and evaluate and modify existing ACAs where necessary during the lifetime of the Plan. • Objective – CH29: Produce, and review where necessary, detailed guidance for each ACA in the form of Statements of Character that identify the specific special character of each area and give direction on works that would impact on this. • Objective – CH30: Avoid the removal of structures and distinctive elements (such as boundary treatments, street furniture, paving and landscaping) that positively contribute to the character of an ACA. Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 15

Archaeological Assessment

Historic Buildings Stock and Vernacular Heritage Scattered throughout the countryside and within the towns and villages of Fingal is an extensive stock of modest historic buildings and structures some of which have been designed by an architect or engineer while others are vernacular structures built to no formal plans using traditional building types and materials. While these older buildings may not meet the criteria of sufficient special interest to be designated Protected Structures, their form, scale, materials and orientation contribute positively to the rural landscape as well as to the historic villages and towns of Fingal, establishing the distinctive character of a particular area. The retention and reuse of these buildings and structures exemplifies sustainable development and so the Council will encourage the appropriate re-use of vernacular buildings rather than their replacement or dereliction.

The following policies are considered relevant:H18Objective CH31 • Objective – CH31: Promote the sympathetic maintenance, adaption and re-use of the historic building stock and encourage the retention of the original fabric such as windows, doors, wall renders, roof coverings, shopfronts, pub fronts and other significant features of historic buildings, whether protected or not. • Objective – CH32: Seek the retention of surviving historic plot sizes and street patterns in the villages and towns of Fingal and incorporate ancient boundaries or layouts, such as burgage plots and townland boundaries, into re-developments. • Objective – CH33: Require that proposed infrastructural and public utility works within Fingal do not remove historic street furniture such as limestone or granite kerbs, cobblestones, cast-iron post boxes, water pumps, milestones and street lighting, except where an exceptional need has been clearly established. • Objective – CH34: Sensitively design, locate and rationalise modern street furniture and elements such as utility boxes, cables, posts, antenna and signage. • Objective – CH35: Seek the retention, appreciation and appropriate revitalisation of the historic buildings stock and vernacular heritage of Fingal in both the towns and rural areas of the County by deterring the replacement of good quality older buildings with modern structures and by protecting (through the use of ACAs and the RPS and in the normal course of Development Management) these buildings where they contribute to the character of an area or town and/or where they are rare examples of a structure type. • Objective – CH36: Require that the size, scale, design, form, layout and materials of extensions to vernacular dwellings or conversions of historic outbuildings take direction from the historic building stock of Fingal and are in keeping and sympathetic with the existing structure. • Objective – CH37: Commission a study on the thatched buildings of Fingal to examine how to ensure their continued survival.

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Archaeological Assessment

Cultural Quarters The Council has identified a cultural quarter in the vicinity of where is intended to develop and encourage the clustering of cultural activities. A Swords Castle Cultural Quarter Masterplan has been adopted.

The following policy is considered relevant:H18 • Objective – CH38:Support the cultural development of Swords Castle Cultural Quarter.

Industrial Heritage The sites, structures, machinery, artefacts and plant associated with manufacturing, transportation, communications, construction, public utilities, raw material extraction and production form our industrial heritage. Rapid advancements and developments in engineering and technology have left much of our historic industrial heritage obsolete and under threat from dereliction, demolition or unsympathetic adaption. Industrial buildings were constructed to meet the requirements of a specialised function and so the dimensions of spaces, layout and sometimes the location of these structures can be unusual and challenging to adapt to different uses. An understanding of the significance of the structure and any surviving machinery and/ or plant should inform the design of any redevelopment. Examples of the industrial heritage of Fingal include the historic railway structures, harbours, lighthouses, bridges, milestones, factories, mills, weirs, lime kilns, forges and windmills spread throughout the whole of the county. A Fingal Industrial Heritage Survey has been commissioned comprising of a desktop survey and field survey to outline the history of the development of industry in the county and to identify significant structures that should be protected.

The following policies are considered relevant:H18 • Objective – CH39: Protect where appropriate industrial heritage structures or elements of significance identified in the Fingal Industrial Heritage Survey by adding them to the Record of Protected Structures during the lifetime of the Development Plan. • Objective – CH40: Utilise the information provided within the Fingal Industrial Heritage Survey when assessing development proposals for surviving industrial heritage sites. • Objective – CH41: Protect and enhance the built and natural heritage of the Royal Canal and ensure that development within its vicinity is sensitively designed and does not have a detrimental effect on the character of the Canal, its built elements and its natural heritage values and that it adheres to the (DRAFT) Waterways Irelands Heritage Plan 2016-2020. • Objective – CH42: Seek the retention and appropriate repair/maintenance of the historic bridges and harbours of the County whether Protected Structures or not.

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Archaeological Assessment

Designed Landscapes – Historic Gardens, Demesnes & Country Estates Historic designed landscapes relate to gardens, parkland, woodland, estates, and public parks that were deliberately laid out for artistic effect. By using both natural and built features such as trees, shrubs, flowers, lawns, ponds, watercourses, views/vistas, follies, statues, walled gardens, gate lodges or gates, an architectural and horticultural composition was created for the enjoyment of the owners or the general public. These landscapes or gardens could be formal set pieces with ornamental planting in set patterns usually geometric designs or they could be “naturalised” parkland made to look like the rural countryside but which had been carefully planned through the placement of individual or groups of trees, expanses of open lawns, boundary walls known as ‘ha-has’ that allowed uninterrupted views of pastoral scenes.

The architectural components of historic gardens, from small gardens to large parks, include: • Plan and topography • Vegetation e.g. species, proportions, colour schemes, spacing and respective heights • Structural and decorative features • Water (running or still)

Fingal does not have a tradition of urban public parks or cemetery gardens and so the designed landscapes of the County consist primarily of demesnes or estate lands, which were originally privately owned, for example Castle Demesne, Demesne, Newbridge House Demesne, Castle Demesne and the Phoenix Park. An assessment of 19th century historic maps by the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) identified about 130 demesnes or designed landscapes within Fingal’s jurisdiction at that time but not all may have survived to the present day.

The following policies are considered relevant: • Objective – CH43: Utilise existing surveys to identify and evaluate the surviving historic designed landscapes in Fingal and promote the conservation of their essential character, both built and natural. • Objective – CH44: Require that proposals for development within historic designed landscapes include an appraisal of the designed landscape (including an ecological assessment) prior to the initial design of any development, in order for this evaluation to inform the design which must be sensitive to and respect the built heritage elements and green space values of the site. • Objective – CH45: Ensure that development within Fingal along the perimeter of the Phoenix Park adheres to the OPW’s Phoenix Park Conservation Management Plan, does not have a detrimental impact on the Park, does not damage any of the built elements along its boundary, or interrupt any important vistas into or out of it. • Objective – CH46: A feasibility study of St Ita’s, has been completed jointly by Fingal County Council and the HSE to determine the optimal future sustainable use of this complex and to consider the development of new modern psychiatric health care and ancillary facilities (which can include the provision of a National Forensic Mental Health Service Hospital), having regard to the cultural, visual Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 18

Archaeological Assessment

and ecological sensitivities of the site. It is an objective of Fingal County Council to secure the implementation of the objectives laid down in this feasibility study that relate to: the re-use of the existing Protected Structures and historic building stock for appropriate uses together with the ongoing maintenance and management of these structures; the ongoing maintenance and management of existing trees and woodland and the maintenance and provision for an appropriate level of public accessibility through the site.

Awareness of and Access to the Architectural Resource The protection and conservation of the architectural heritage will be best achieved through the recognition and appreciation of it by all sections of society. It is important that awareness of the location and significance of protected sites and structures are raised and that the sustainability, as well as the aesthetic, values of the historic building stock are understood. The Council can assist in the realisation of this through the support or active production of relevant publications and guidance notes, the running of exhibitions and seminars, the development of cultural tourism products and the improvement of access to Council owned sites. While the Council cannot provide public access to private property, if requested it can offer advice and guidance to privately owned protected sites and structures that are open to the public on how to sensitively adapt their properties to enhance access for all.

The following policies are considered relevant: • Objective – CH47: Promote and enhance the understanding of the archaeological and architectural heritage of Fingal through the development of cultural tourism products, talks, exhibitions and publications. • Objective – CH48: Provide universal access to archaeological and architectural heritage sites where appropriate. Ensure the archaeological and architectural heritage significance of the site is taken into account when providing such access. • Objective – CH49: Endeavour to accommodate and improve universal access to Council owned archaeological and architectural heritage sites open to the general public through the dissemination of information on the Council website outlining the accessibility of these sites and, where appropriate, after an evaluation has been carried out that the significance of the site will not be damaged, establishing a programme of works to improve physical access to Council owned property following best conservation principles.

3.3 Historical Landscape Character Areas The Fingal Developed Plan 2017 – 2023, Chapter 9, section 9.4 states the following in relation to the natural and historical Landscapes of Fingal and its surrounding areas: All landscapes reflect the interaction of natural and cultural forces. Since the arrival of the first settlers in Fingal, nearly 10,000 years ago, people have helped to shape the landscape we see around us today. Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) seeks to identify and to understand the historic development of today’s Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 19

Archaeological Assessment landscape by placing emphasis on the contribution that past historic processes make to the character of the landscape as a whole, not just selected ‘special sites’. It therefore contributes to a broader assessment and understanding of landscape character. HLC is a two stage process, beginning with the identification and description of historic landscape character types followed by an assessments phase which may examine management questions, issues of significance and sensitivity. In this way, HLC can help to guide decisions on future change and landscape management and helps to ensure that the landscape evolves in a way that maintains its richness and diversity into the future. To date the Council has undertaken three HLC studies in Swords, Donabate and Portrane, and . The boundaries of the study areas are shown on the Green Infrastructure maps. This process has resulted in the identification of 38 historic landscape character types all of which were verified in the field. Outputs include the GIS based Historic Landscape Characterisation which has been integrated into the Council’s GIS system. Detailed descriptions of the historic development of Swords, Balbriggan and Donabate/Portrane have also been produced, together with descriptions of broad historic landscape character types. Taken together with the GIS mapping this enables the user to develop a detailed understanding of the historical development of these areas and to understand and contextualise historic information in relation to a particular site. In addition, guidance has been provided on the future management of each broad landscape character type. The potential for HLC to be used as a predictive tool to indicate the location of previously unknown archaeological sites has also been explored and archaeological sensitivity has been assessed in the case of Balbriggan.

The following policies are considered relevant: • Objective – NH39: Ensure that the results of the Historic Landscape Character studies undertaken in the County are taken into account in the development of plans and in the assessment of projects on an ongoing basis. • Objective – NH40: Ensure development reflects and reinforces the distinctiveness and sense of place of identified historic landscape character types, including the retention of important features or characteristics, taking into account the results of the historic landscape characterisations carried out in the County. The Islands There are a number of islands in Fingal, namely , Ireland’s Eye, Shenick’s Island, Colt Island, St. Patrick’s Island and Rockabill. Lambay Island is the only inhabited island. All of the islands are zoned as High Amenity Areas and they are all designated nature conservation sites of national or international importance. They are also of importance from an archaeological and architectural heritage viewpoint.

The following policy is considered relevant:H47 • Objective – NH47: Protect and enhance the special landscape character and exceptional landscape value of the islands, including their biodiversity, archaeological and architectural heritage.

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Archaeological Assessment

In Chapter 9, section 9.5 of the Fingal Development Plan 2017 – 2023 there is a clear acknowledgement of the importance of coastal areas and their significance in terms of: • Cultural and archaeological heritage because the coastline has been the focus of human settlement and activity for thousands of years. • The Council recognises that the coast is a vital asset with limited capacity to absorb development. Due to its unique character it requires special attention and management to ensure its long term sustainable use. • It is important that the coast is managed and developed in a way which protects and enhances its natural and cultural heritage and its landscape. This necessitates an emphasis on the scale and rate of development that can be accommodated without damaging or detracting from the quality and attractiveness of the coast

3.4 Geological Baseline An area of Carboniferous argillaceous bioclastic limestone and carboniferous sandstone and conglomerates are present in Portrane. Older metasedimentary and metavolcanics lithologies are located at the Portrane Coast and locally further inland. These lithologies are of Ordovician age and consist of Portrane and Donabate Formations. The Portrane Limestone Formation consists of thinly bedded bioclastic limestone and the Portrane Volcanic Formation consists of Andesite, , pebbly mudstone and shale.

The offshore geology appears to be Mississipian limestone and calcareous shale towards the coast changing to Pennsylvanian sandstone, mudstone and coal further east.

Figure 2. Bedrock map of Portrane cable landfall area

3.5 Bathymetry and seabed typology In the sector from the Irish coastline to south of the Isle of Man, the sediments range from sands to muddy sands with gravelly sand off the southern tip of the Isle of Man. These seabed sediments are particularly well

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Archaeological Assessment suited to secure cable burial. The sector to the south and southeast of the Isle of Man is comprised largely of gravelly sand. This provides satisfactory potential for cable burial. The sector from southeast of the Isle of Man to the Lancashire coastline is similar to the sector off the Irish coast with gravelly/sand sediments. These seabed sediments are well suited to secure cable burial.

Figure 3. Seabed sediments

3.6 Portrane and Donabate Portrane or Portraine, and in Irish meaning Port Reachrann, meaning “landing place of Reachrainn” is 4km from Lambay Island to the east. In medieval times Lambay, when it possessed an ecclesiastical establishment, was a place of some note, and its port of embarkation, Portrane, came to acquire a sort of borrowed importance. Rechra or Rechrain was the ancient name of Lambay, and its port consequently was Port-rechrain, afterwards became anglicised into Port-rahen and Portrane. The area ofPortrane and Donabate has been the subject of publications by antiquarians and historians, most notably by Moylan in the History of the peninsula of Portraine in 1961,and D’Alton in ‘The History of the County of Dublin’ which was published in 1838. The historical writings give us a picture of the use of the land in this area from medieval times. The Donabate- Portraine peninsula is depicted as prosperous with farming lands which mainly belonged to the church and (later) Trinity College. This relationship with the church had its roots in Viking times when the lands were donated to the church. On this land, prosperous holdings are recorded in the Civil Survey of the 17th century. In the 18th century large houses and demesnes evolved, such as at Turvey, Corbettstown, Newbridge, Portraine Demesne, Lissenhall and Balcarrick. These large houses were often built on the sites or foundations of earlier buildings,

Close to the beach where the cable makes landfall there is St Catherine’s Church (DU008-031001) with a small walled graveyard. It is located just off the road at Portrane Village and overlooking the coastline and Lambay Island. It is described as a ruin in 1630. The Civil Survey mentions this ‘as an old parish church’ on the farm at Portraine.

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Archaeological Assessment

Stella’s castle, a tower house (DU008-030 is situated not far from St Catherine’s in a level field adjacent to St Catherine’s Housing estate. Inquisition of 1541 describes castle as having diverse buildings including a threshing house, hemp yard and haggard. The civil survey (1654-6) describes this site as an ‘old castle’ owned by the Parsinage of Portrane (Simington 1945, 148). Portrane and its surrounding landscape dates back to the medieval period and additional Geophysics (08R029) in Portrane Demense and test excavations (10E0121) identified possible Bronze/Iron Age round house and pitswhich suggests Portrane has been a site of human occupation since pre-historic times.

Some interesting notes from both Moylan and D’Alton are as follows:

Moylan notes that Sitric, Danish King of Dublin, granted a place to build the church of the Holy and Undivided

Trinity, commonly known as Christchurch, Dublin, and endowed it with the lands of and Portrane. This grant would have seemed to comprise the greater part of the peninsula. The grant appears on confirmations by Strongbow and Archbishop Laurence O’Toole and is included in the list of the church’s possessions set out in Pope Adrian’s bull of 1186. Pope Clement III granted Portraine to the See of Dublin in 1197. In 1204, Christchurch relinquished all claims to Portraine, receiving other lands in lieu thereof in 1641, the in the Civil Survey is returned as the owner of the ‘farme of Portraine’. Trinity College had also an interest in the lands. In 1649-50,it was ordained by an act of English parliament that all ‘honors’, castles, lordships, manors, rentals, etc., which had belonged to the late archbishop of Dublin and to the dean and chapter of St. Patrick’s, should be vested in trustees for maintaining Trinity College. In D’Alton’s The History of the County of Dublin, 1838, there is an interesting account which may be of relevance to listed monument 8:26 at Raheen point on the . This is described as a ‘possible harbour’ in the SMR/RMP which states that in earlier times, as attested to by the first ed. O.S. map, there were two roughly parallel banks near Raheen point. Only a hollow today exists between the former position of the two banks today. D’Alton states that in 1356, John, Archbishop of Dublin recovered in a suit against John Hollywood of Rogerstown, the harbour of Rogerstown ‘otherwise called Rogershaven, being parcel of the archbishop’s manor of Swords, whereupon Hollywood executed a solemn release of his claim thereto forever’. Though this account is more likely to be referring to the harbour on the other side of the Rogerstown estuary, it still indicates the importance in medieval times of the harbour in the estuary for use in the region. A harbour, therefore, on the other side of the estuary, e.g. at Raheen point (where the only known possible harbour is), would be logical. This lends weight to the interpretation of a harbour and suggests that it may have a medieval origin.

3.7 Cartographic evidence Cartographic sources indicate the landfall location in Portrane and the surrounding area is a sandy beach area with grassed area to the west with only one possible discernible cultural heritage asset which is noted to be in the vicinity of the cable route where it makes landfall but it has no direct impact upon it. However, this feature, a burial of burnt bones (DU008-032) is 400m east on the rocky shoreline and poses no direct impact to the project (see plate 1).

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Archaeological Assessment

CABLE LANDFALL

DU008-032 BURIAL

Plate 1: RMP sites location at Portrane However, the analysis of the Shipwreck Inventory Database from the Dept. of Culture Heritage and Gaeltacht records discovered two likely direct impacts on known wrecks (W0078 & W10033) along the cable route corridor (see figures1 & 2). These wrecks are located with co-ords in order to aid the installation of the cable and the avoidance of impacting upon these known wreck sites.

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Archaeological Assessment

4. CABLE ROUTE CORRIDOR The cable route is 230km long and has a 0.5km wide corridor. The Irish inshore section is 35km long.

4.1 Sites of cultural heritage interest along the cable corridor. The baseline environment has been divided into four categories, each of which is addressed individually. These are as follows: 1. Onshore cultural heritage assets listed by DAHG and National Museum of Ireland, 2. Known wrecks and obstructions as per Shipwreck Inventory/Receiver of Wrecks and UKHO, 3. Unrecorded maritime archaeological sites, features and deposits identified through assessment of geophysical and hydrographic data, 4. Areas of archaeological potential.

4.2 Onshore cultural heritage assets listed by DAHG and National Museum of Ireland There are four known archaeological sites situated within 500m vicinity of the proposed route corridor. These are listed on the Sites and Monuments Record of the DAHG and all of them are onshore. A Tower House (DU008-030) is located 430mnorthwest of the proposed cable route where it will make landfall. The closest RMP, St Catherine’s Church and Graveyard (DU008-031001-2) is located 200m east of the landfall and another site, an 18th/19th Century House (DU008-058) can be found 545m east of the landfall for the cable. The last cultural asset of note was the burnt human remains (DU008-032), ash and charcoal found along the coast in 1942. None of these sites will be affected by the proposed development. .

DU008-030 Tower House/Castle

Cable Landfall DU008-031001

St Catherine’s DU008-032 Church Burial

DU008-058 18th/19th Century House

Figure 4. First edition six inch Ordnance Survey map of RMP sites closest to the cable landfall

4.3 Known Shipwreck Sites The shipwreck inventories represent a more likely impact for any offshore and foreshore wreck sites in the corridor of the cable route. During the compilation of the report we have identified 2 possible direct impacts on wreck sites (W0078 & W10033) and a further 28 wrecks, of those, 9 possible and 19 unlikely impacts on

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Archaeological Assessment wreck sites along the cable route corridor. All of the above mentioned have location co-ordinates and are available in Tables 1 – 3 below.

The figures (5-9) below have identified and located 30 wreck sites. They are colour coded to identify the potential impacts on the sites within the cable route corridor.

• Possible Direct Impact 2

• Possible Impact 9 • Unlikely Impact 19

Figure 5. Wreck sites in close proximity to the proposed cable route

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Archaeological Assessment

Figure 6. Wreck sites in close proximity to the proposed cable route

Figure 7. Wreck site in close proximity to the proposed cable route

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Archaeological Assessment

Figure 8. Wreck sites in close proximity to the cable route

The tables below offers further information about the direct, likely and unlikely impact on wrecks sites along the cable route corridor. To view all known and unknown wreck sites with co-ords/locations and unidentified locations along the cable route corridor please refer to the Appendix 1.

Figure 9. Wreck sites in close proximity to the cable route

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Archaeological Assessment

Possible Direct Impacts

Site Name Date of Place of Loss Description Reference Loss Nellie Esplin 20/11/1924 Lambay Island UKHO Wreck no. 009100593. Dublin Brady 2008, 177; W00786 c. 1.5 miles NE Fishing vessel foundered. Lloyds List 34, of 415, 28th 53 31 00.000N November 1924; 05 59 00.000W UKHO Wreck Data 1996 Sharelga (FV) 18.04/1982 53 36 50 940N N/A UKHO2 W10033 -05 27 15.960W Table 1: List of Direct Impact wreck sites within the cable route corridor .

Possible Impacts

Site Name Date of Place of Loss Description Reference Loss County of 12/11/1901 Lambay Island UKHO wreck No.009101627. Chart Brady 2008, 171; Lancaster (SS) NE of symbol SW 26.7. 98 ton steamer of Freemans W00748 53 30 45.000N Glasgow lost en route from Journal, Dublin, 05 57 21.600W Carnlough/Ayr to Dundalk. Crew of Fri Nov 15th 1901, eight drowned. The body of captain Vol. CXXXV, 6, C8; Henry Murray washed ashore at GSI Wreck Data; Greystones Co. Wicklow. Wreck Lloyds list 20, identified by divers in 1996 when bell 025, 16th recovered. The coaster lies intact November 1901, upright on the seabed in a general 7; Lloyds List depth of 28m. Cargo of coal still 20,046, 11th present. Vessel is orientated December 1901, NNW/SSE, measures L.34m x B. 6m x 9, UKHO Wreck H 5.1m. GSI wreck no GSI_326. Data 1996. W02209 Unknown Unknown Dublin Loughshinny, c. 12km east of UKHO wreck no. (SS) 53 32 47.000N 009101378 W02209 05 53 55.000W Possibly wreck of a steamboat. Nothing found during search in 1984

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Archaeological Assessment

Salaminia (SS) 29/03/1918 Dublin UKHO wreck no 009100623 Brady 2008, 384; (possible) Rockabill 13.5 Chart symbol 85wk wreck lies upright Hocking 1969, W02082 miles ENE of and intact orientated NW/SE in a 613; King 1976; 53 36 10.000N general sea depth of 97 (least 86m) Larn and Larn 05 37 33.000W measures L 80m x B 15m x H 10m 2002, UKHO scour depth of 1.5 m. 3,112 ton Wreck Data 1996. Greek steam ship built in 1897 by K Readhead and sons south Shields. Originally names Trevilly owned by A.A Embiricos of Greece. Torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine Normandiet 21/04/1918 Dublin UKHO wreck no. 009101391 chart Brady 2008, 381; (SS) (possibly) Rockabill c 16 symbol number 93wk. Surveyed in BVLS 1914-18, W02061 miles E of March 1984. Lies in a general sea 87; Hocking 1989, 53 35 42.000N depth of 102 (least 93m). Wreck is 512; UKHO Wreck 05 33 39.000W intact lying on her side orientated Data 1996. Calf of Man, 34 NW/SE. Measures L. 65m x B. 10m x miles SW by W H. 8m Scour depth of 1m. 1,843 ton British steam ship torpedoed and sunk by German submarine UB 91. Marquis (SS) 08/11/1917 Dublin UKHO wreck no 009100660. Chart Brady 2008, 380; W02050 Rockabill 16 symbol 105 wk. Lies intact in a UKHO Wreck miles ESE general sea depth of 108m (least Data 1996 53 36 03.000N 105m), orientated N/S. Measures L. 05 30 22.000W 33m x B. 7m x Ht 3m. Scour depth of 1.5m Debris located at either side of wreck. 373 ton British steam ship captured by a German submarine sunk by gunfire. Wisemans 11/03/1984 53 37 30.000N No description available UKHO2 W11695 05 29 30.000W W00528 N/A See figure 5 N/A N/A W00502 N/A See figure 5 N/A N/A W10286 N/A See figure 5 N/A N/A Table 2: List of Likely Impact Wreck Sites within the cable route corridor .

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Archaeological Assessment

Unlikely Impacts

Site Name Date of Place of Loss Description Reference Loss W09983 N/A See figure 1 Tayleur 21/01/1854 Lambay Island, Some salvage work carried out in Bourke 1994, 15- W00805 E side of since February 1854, wreck rediscovered 16; Bourke 1998, been known as on 12th July 1957 by divers from the 162; Bourke Tayleur Bay, Irish Sub Aqua Club. UKHO wreck no. 2003; Brady 53 29 35.923 N 009000112. 1,979 ton newly built 2008, 179; de 05 59 54.901 W barque rigged iron sailing clipper. Courcy Ireland Measured L 76.2m x B. 12.2m x D. 1983, 57-59; 6.4m. Owned by Pilkington and Hocking 1969, Wilsons White star line, captain was 689; Joyce (1995) John Noble. En route from 1912, 299-303; to Melbourne, 56 crew, fourteen PP 1854-1855, stewards 458 passengers. Cargo XXXIV, 26-27; PP included farm machinery, 40,000 1857-1858 LII roof slates 10,000 bricks, fireplaces, (526), PP 1861 slate headstones, crockery, general LVIII, 36; Lloyds kitchen items, lamps, linen tinplate, list 12, 428, Mon 100 tonnes of coal, 250 tonnes of 23rd Jan 1854; stone ballast and the hull of a river Lloyds list 12, steamer as deck cargo. Encountered 443, Thurs. Feb SSW-SSE force 9 gale, crew found it 9th 1854; Lloyds difficult to manage the ship went off list 12, 610, Aug course and drifted towards the Irish 25th 1854 coast. Anchors failed to prevent the ship from being driven ashore, ran onto rocks and sank in deep water. Account of the number of lives lost varies between 290-400 people. Unknown Unknown Lambay Island, The Following Data has been W10599 Saltpan Bay transferred from the Web Field on 53 29 30.000N the 8th June 2017 Co-Ordinates are 06 01 36.00W wrong

Vision 02/12/1994 Lambay Island Fishing Trawler This data has

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Archaeological Assessment

W11676 53 29 00.000N been transferred 06 01 00.000W from the Web Field on the 8th June 2017 Unknown N/A Off Portrane N/A N/A Unknown N/A Off Portrane N/A N/A Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 2.5 UKHO wreck no 0099100726 Brady 2008, 398; W02216 miles ENE of Wreck lies in general depth of 35m UKHO Wreck Rockabill data 1996 53 36 30.000N 05 56 00.000W Downshire 21/09/1918 Dublin UKHO wreck no. 009100696. Chart Brady 2008, 374; W01996 Rockabill 5.5 symbol 56wk. Wreckage examined in BVLS 1914-18, miles ENE/ 8 March 1984 is possibly the 97; GSI Wreck miles ESE/ Downshire. Lies in general depth of Date; UKHO 53 36 56.720N 57 m. wreckage consist of one main Wreck Data 1996 05 51 18.410W section orientated E-W L. 15m x B. 3m X H.1m. Two other sections lie within 50m. 368 ton steam ship of Belfast en route from Whitehaven to Dublin with cargo of coal. Built in 1905 by Mackie and Thomson, Glasgow. Captain was Harvey. Captured by German submarine UB- 64 sunk by gunfire. St. Ibar 29/10/1973 Skerries 17 km No description available UKHO2 W10055 East 53 34 25.980N 05 51 37.980W Unknown N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Unknown Lambay Island UKHO wreck no 009101548 chart Brady 2008, 397; W02210 approximately symbol 54wk wreck surveyed in UKHO Wreck 10.6km east, October 1983 lies intact upright and data 1996. 53 29 03.200N orientated E/W in general sea depth 05 50 53.760W of 59 m (least depth 54 m. measures L 23m x B 6m x H 5m. Unknown Unknown Dublin c 10 UKHO wreck no 009100568 Brady 2008,

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W02213 miles ENE of Wreck spread over large area 397;UKHO Wreck Lambay data 1996 53 30 33.000N 05 45 26.000W Geraldine (FV) 30/03/1918 Howth, 10 35/61 ton fishing sack sunk by Brady 2008, 377; W02021 miles East/ German submarine All five crew Bourke 1998, 57 Lambay Island drowned including the skipper and 162; Larn and 10 miles East Larn 2002; BVLS 53 32 30.000N 1914-18, 122; 05 44 30.000W Sean T. Rickard (pers comm); UKHO Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 20 E UKHO wreck no 009101597 Brady 2008, 397; W02215 of Skerries This wreck was shown in decca on UKHO wreck data 53 32 57.000N 14/7/83 a dual channel side scan 1996 05 37 12.000W survey was carried out in 1984 but nothing was found Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 22 UKHO wreck no 009100684 Brady 2008, W02217 miles E of Chart symbol OB77 surveyed march 398;UKHO wreck Rockabill 1984 obstruction orientated N-S lies data 1996 53 35 29.000N in general depth of 80m (least 05 22 40.000W 77.9m) Measures L 3-4 m H 2.7m Glenford 20/03/1918 Dublin c. 25 UKHO wreck no. 009100817. Chart Brady 2008, 377; (Possibly) (SS) miles E of symbol 69wk. Wreck surveyed in BVLS 1914-18, W02022 Skerries/ April 1984, possibly that of the 84; UKHO Wreck Rockabill 24 Glenford Lies in general sea depth of Data 1996. miles E ½ S 78 m (Least 69m) orientated E/W. 53 35 51.000N partially covered with sand measures 05 21 22.000W L. 50m x W. 40m x H 3.2M. 494 ton British steamship captured by German submarine U 101 sunk by gunfire. Unknown Unknown 53 36 56.000N No description available UKNO2 W10295 05 19 37.000W W10282 N/A See Figure 5 N/A N/A W10283 Unknown Unknown 53 39 47.000N No description W10283 05 18 25,000W available Table 3: List of Unlikely Impact Wreck Sites within the cable route corridor. Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 33

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4.4 Unrecorded sites Unrecorded maritime archaeological sites, features and deposits may be identified through the assessment of geophysical and bathymetric data.

4.5 Areas of archaeological potential The assessment of the desktop study data indicates that the cable corridor is a narrow 500m wide strip of seafloor that is typified by a sandy substrate. It is possible the sediments along the route corridor are not conducive for the preservation of archaeological material. However, with quite a few coastal sites in Portrane such as Churches and Tower houses and a considerably larger amount on Lambay Island such as promontory forts, enclosures and burial grounds, it should be noted the potential for areas of archaeological activity is possible. In this report a number of onshore and offshore cultural heritage sites have been identified. The areas covered concentrate in the immediate vicinity of the Donabate-Portrane peninsula.

Archaeological Excavations Examination of the online excavations database www.excavations.ie revealed no archaeological sites in the immediate area to the cable route corridor. Excavations throughout the peninsula have been carried out in various locations (Appendix 4).

Topographical Files The topographical files identified some flint blades found in a cave in Portrane and a hammer stone found in Donabate (Appendix 3).

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5. PROPOSED CABLE DEVELOPMENT DETAILS 5.1 Pre Installation Survey Prior to mobilisation of the Main Lay Vessel a detailed marine survey will be undertaken over the full width of the selected route corridor. The basis of the survey is to ground-truth the sea-bed conditions and check for any anomalies in terms of marine archaeology and any subsea environmental features. The survey will include Bathymetry, Side Scan Sonar, Sub-Bottom Profiling and Magnetometer. Survey Operations will be broken down into separate but overlapping areas, with boundaries defined by water depth as specified in the technical requirements outlined below. These water depth boundaries may be adjusted due to suitability of the survey vessel(s) and survey gear. The surveys will ensure that there are no gaps or unsurveyed areas between all of the different survey operations. For the marine route survey, the sidescan ranges will be limited to those providing the greatest resolution possible (able to resolve a 0.5m object or better), while following the requisite line spacing and overlap. The maximum speeds outlined will be used as guidelines. Bathymetry data collection will, at minimum, comply with the requirements in this document or with International Hydrographic Office standards (S44). Survey line spacing is to be designed to ensure adequate coverage and overlap of geophysical measurements. For swathe bathymetry, “20% overlap” signifies that adjacent acquisition swathes within the survey corridor overlap by 20%. For side scan sonar (SSS), 100% overlap requires two passes of complete coverage over a given area of sea-floor, with the two passes each ensonifying the sea-floor from opposite directions to ensure targets are adequately imaged. The basic survey equipment is to comply with the requirements of the Underwater Archaeology Unit. 5.2 The landfall at Portrane (HDD) The proposed landfall is located at the southern end of the sandy beach at Portrane. The shoreline at Portrane is in the form of a grass strip at road level with a drop of the order of 2 metres on to the beach. There is active erosion of the grass strip. At beach level there is a short sloping section which then levels out to form almost a flat foreshore over the 650 metres out to the Low-Water Line. Taking the features of the shoreline into account it is planned that the shore-end will be installed by means of a Horizontal Directional Drill which will be carried out in advance of the cable lay. It is planned that the drilling pit will be located in the “green” immediately off the public road. The drill-casing will commence in a pit 1.5m below ground level and this will enable it to cross below the road and well below the existing beach level at the shoreline. This form of installation will avoid any excavation or damage to the shoreline and will ensure that nothing is done which would exacerbate the stability of the shoreline. The drill-casing will extend well beyond the shore-line and the shelving beach adjacent to it and will terminate in the flat sandy foreshore at a depth of 1.5m below beach level approximately 60 metres from the shoreline. On completion of the drilling operations, a Beach Manhole will be constructed in the vicinity of the drilling pit and the site will be restored to its prior condition. All materials and equipment will be removed and the site area will be cleaned and reinstated to its original condition. The beach manhole is to be constructed in the grassed area west of the road at Portrane. The Beach Manhole will be 3m long x 2m wide x 2m deep and is to be constructed in reinforced concrete. Only the manhole cover will be visible at the surface once the construction is complete.

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5.3 Cable Installation on Beach The cable installation from the end of the HDD out to the low water line will be installed by a cable plough at low tide. The cable will be floated ashore using ribs and buoys at high tide. Once the tide ebbs, the cable will be inserted in the HDD duct and pulled into the Beach Manhole where it will be secured. A cable plough will then be pulled by a low-pressure dozer out to the Low Water Line with the cable being inserted as the plough moves seaward. The dozer will reverse towards the shoreline in the same track and will backfill the plough trench by backblading towards the shore in advance of the flood tide. Beach disturbance will be minimal and the surface will be naturally reinstated by wave action as the tide comes in. 5.4 Offshore Cable Installation A Pre-Lay Grapnel run will be undertaken prior to commencement of Main-Lay. This activity is to ensure that the planned line of the cable is clear of seabed debris which may include chains, steel cables, anchors, nets etc. Any debris recovered will be hauled on-board and disposed of at an appropriate landfill site. The Main Lay vessel will pick up the end of the cable for the Inshore Section and this will then be jointed to the main cable on board the Main Lay Vessel. The Main Lay Vessel will then proceed to deploy and bury the cable in the seabed using a sea-plough. The sea-plough is towed by the Main Lay Vessel and is designed to bury the cable at a depth which will be secure from fishing activities. The plough uses a minimally invasive plough-share to create a furrow in the seabed approximately 750mm in width. As the plough moves forward the cable is placed in the bottom of the furrow which backfills with the natural movement of sediment on the seafloor. Typical ploughing speed is less than 1 knot and is dependent on the stiffness of the seabed sediment. There is no significant noise generation during ploughing operations. Cable installation by plough produces only a minor plume of suspension of seabed sediments in the water column and this is transient and localised due to the nature of the ploughing and natural backfill activities. The target burial depth for the Rockabill cable systems is 1.5 metres. In areas of stiff soil, the actual burial depth may be reduced but is planned to be still at a depth which will be protect the cable from fishing operations and generally not less than 0.4 to 0.6 metres.

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6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT The cable installation works has the potential to cause direct and indirect impacts on cultural heritage assets within area of the proposed cable route. Direct impacts may be caused during installation of marine cables during burial, protection repair or removal. Indirect impacts, both positive and negative, may be caused by the disturbance and subsequent re-deposition of sediments which may partially or completely cover or uncover cultural heritage assets. Further indirect impacts may be caused by the deployment of anchors or burial/deburial tools in the vicinity of cultural heritage assets.

Prior to the installation of a subsea cable, normally the seabed will be cleared of debris by means of a Pre Lay Grapnel Run (PLGR). During this process, a grapnel is towed along the seabed to remove any debris from the main lay route. It is carefully controlled to ensure clearance of the specified area and to avoid dragging on any existing cables and pipelines located along the route.

The main cable is normally laid and buried as a continuous operation using a plough. Ploughsare equipped with a cable tracking system, and forward obstacle avoidance sonar. They are normally deployed and recovered by means of an ‘A’ frame located at the stern of the cable ship. Once launched the vessel proceeds along the proposed cable route, at a speed around 1 knot, depending on factors such as seabed conditions, weather, tide and current. Ploughing will be terminated upon completion of work, equipment failure, cable and pipeline crossings and un-ploughable ground. In these cases, the plough is recovered to deck or “flown” over small sections of un-ploughable ground. Un-ploughable ground maybe rock, granite and other hard seabed, extremely hard soil, extremely soft seabed, mega ripples and areas of steep seabed slopes.

Once main lay operations have been completed the route will be inspected and where necessary additional attempts made to bury the cable. This may be carried out by divers in shallow water or by free-swimming or tracked ROVs equipped with additional jetting or trenching tools. The inspection shall check cable slack and the condition of reinstatement. The cable trench is likely to be only 1- 2 metres in width and the dimensions of the likely‘ zone of influence’ for the proposed cable footprint is a width of 10m. Cable burial depths are normally to a maximum of 3 metres, with an average depth of 1.5- 2 metres along most of the route. The cable will most likely be laid using a Dynamically Positioned (DP) vessel and so anchor assessments will not be necessary.

6.1 Impacts on maritime cultural heritage The types of impact that the proposed development will have on the baseline environment is addressed under the following categories:

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Type of Impact Description Direct Impact Direct impacts on marine archaeological sites, features, deposits and artefacts that may be affected by the laying of the cable. These might include the preparation and clearing of the seabed prior to installation or cable laying operations. Indirect Impact Potential damage to marine archaeological sites and features within the proposed development may be caused by indirect impacts. These might include scour around cables, and changes to the sediment regime within the area of the development. Some indirect impacts may be beneficial, for instance the burial of sites and features by increased sedimentation. Secondary Impact Secondary impacts on marine archaeological sites, features and artefacts that may be affected by the development. Cumulative Impact The assessment will consider the potential for the effects of cumulative impacts on sites, features and artefacts of cultural heritage interest associated with the proposed development. Possible impacts may include effects within the proposed development such as continued interference through cable laying activities upon a relict landscape surface or deposit. Impacts outside the development area may include the effects of several developments within the same locality on the cultural heritage resource.

6.2 Direct Impacts The assessment has identified 2 possible direct impacts on wreck sites (W0078 & W10033). A further 28 wrecks have been identified close to the cable route, of those, 9 have been identified as having possible impacts and 19 unlikely impacts (Tables 1 -3).

The area through which the cable route passes is a noted location for shipwrecks as can be gleaned from the Shipwreck Inventory (Appendix 1). The precise locations of these shipwrecks is sometimes difficult to identify even when location details are present in the inventory. The sheer numbers of wrecks however recorded from the area means the proposed cable has the potential to impact on a wreck site.

The burnt human remains excavated on the seashore (DU008-032) east of the landfall is a good indication of the possible unrecorded archaeological features finds and deposits which may be disturbed during cable lay operations in an area with archaeological potential.

The recorded cultural heritage sites on the coast at Portrane and on Lambay Island highlight the intense human activity in the general area from earliest times up to the present day (Appendix 3 and 4). This activity has the potential to yield associated features finds or deposits. Any development then on the seabed and sea shore has the potential to impact on unrecorded features finds and deposits.

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6.3 Indirect Impacts Although there may be some minor changes in the sediment regime around the cable trench, no significant indirect impacts from the proposed scheme have been identified as part of this assessment.

6.4 Secondary Impact As the final cable route could be placed anywhere within the cable corridor outlined, it is likely the cable could impact upon the recognised wreck site outlined in figures 1 – 3, therefore the potential for secondary impact is likely.

6.5 Cumulative impacts The proposed cable route entails 9 subsea crossings of existing in service cables and pipelines. Notwithstanding this the cumulative impacts of the cable lay operations is not significant.

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7. MITIGATION MEASURES There are various ways that potential impacts of a development can be mitigated. Mitigation measures usually involve avoidance (the implementation of exclusion zones and design alterations), reduction (the introduction of measures to deal with unexpected discoveries during works), or offsetting (excavation and recording of a site before an impact occurs). Ideally, sites and features of cultural heritage interest should be subject to as little disturbance as possible, where policy normally dictates a presumption in favour of preservation in situ in line with current national policy.

Overall, the aim is to minimise the impact on cultural heritage assets through the appropriate siting of infrastructure and works. As such, the preferred mitigation for the disturbance of a site of cultural heritage interest would be avoidance, so that the cable and associated operations are micro-sited to avoid wrecks or identified sites and features of cultural heritage interest.

This can be achieved through the use of ‘exclusion zones’. These should be marked on project charts to avoid potential sites and features of maritime cultural heritage interest. The size of the exclusion zone is normally dependent on the certainty the target represents a wreck or site and the potential importance or sensitivity of that asset (historically significant or not).

Adherence to the implementation of the exclusion zones during scheme operations can be checked through procedures and protocols set out in a works method statement. Protocols should be established before the start of scheme operations detailing instructions to follow in the event of unexpected discoveries, with contact details of the relevant stakeholders.

Given the results of the impact assessment above, the mitigation strategies outlined here detail the measures to be adopted in order to ameliorate the direct, indirect and secondary impacts that the proposed cable may have on features of maritime cultural heritage interest within the proposed scheme. If these measures are employed it is envisaged that the proposed cable installation will have no impact on features of maritime cultural heritage interest. The following mitigation recommendations are presented in connection with the proposed cable: 1. It is recommended that all sites of cultural heritage interested included in this report are avoided. 2. The cable installation from the end of the HDD out to the low water line should be subject to archaeological monitoring. 3. A detailed marine survey using remote sensing geophysical techniques, involving Multibeam Echosounder, Sidescan Sonar, Sub Bottom Profiler and Marine Magnetometer should be carried out prior to commencement of main-lay operations. 4. Archaeological analysis of the geophysical and bathymetric pre-installation surveys should be undertaken to both confirm the locations of the wreck sites within the survey corridor and also to identify any potential unrecorded seabed and sub seabed maritime archaeological features. Where Geo-Mara Ltd. Cois Cuain, Ballynamanagh, Clarinbridge, Co. Galway, Ireland Tel: + 353 91 485790, Email:[email protected], Web: www.Geo-Mara.com Page No. 40

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the location of any wreck sites on the cable route is established the cable will be re-routed to avoid them. 5. Archaeological monitoring of the prelay grapnel run should be undertaken in order to identify any previously unrecorded features finds or deposits. 6. It is recommended that procedures should be put in place to ensure that any previously unrecorded cultural heritage assets encountered during the project should be assessed by a suitably qualified archaeologist and avoided by the cable laying operations. 7. Should the proposed cable route be subject to further revision, details of these revisions should be forwarded to the project archaeologist for assessment. 8. On completion of the cable installation a report will be produced summarising all archaeological aspects of the project and submitted to DAHG and the National Museum of Ireland. 7.2 Proposed Route Position List The assessment concluded that there are no known potential cultural heritage assets directly affected by the landfall in Portrane but a number of wrecks sites are located in close proximity to the cable corridor. Two sites in particular (the Sharlega W10033 and the Nelie Esplin W00786) are highlighted as having possible direct impacts. The route corridor as assessed was changed as a result of these findings and the cable corridor has been diverted around the location of the Sharlega (W 10033).

The draft route position list has been amended to take account of the findings of this assessment and the proposed route position list is presented in Table 4 and Figure 10 below.

Total TP Longitude Latitude Length Length Heading 1 6° 06' 33.7556" W 53° 29' 36.8526" N 2.485 km --- 79.6° 2 6° 04' 21.1965" W 53° 29' 51.4041" N 376.35 m 2.485 km 67.7° 3 6° 04' 2.3027" W 53° 29' 56.0170" N 467.77 m 2.861 km 58.1° 4 6° 03' 40.7682" W 53° 30' 4.0216" N 507.71 m 3.329 km 47.4° 5 6° 03' 20.4805" W 53° 30' 15.1300" N 321.95 m 3.837 km 32.4° 6 6° 03' 11.1292" W 53° 30' 23.9261" N 951.54 m 4.159 km 19.2° 7 6° 02' 54.1463" W 53° 30' 52.9924" N 462.43 m 5.11 km 26.5° 8 6° 02' 42.9409" W 53° 31' 6.3764" N 408.71 m 5.573 km 35.5° 9 6° 02' 30.0545" W 53° 31' 17.1374" N 293.32 m 5.981 km 48.0° 10 6° 02' 18.2219" W 53° 31' 23.4855" N 281.94 m 6.275 km 62.0° 11 6° 02' 4.7060" W 53° 31' 27.7631" N 1.036 km 6.557 km 76.1° 12 6° 01' 10.1367" W 53° 31' 35.8219" N 14.937 km 7.592 km 82.5° 13 5° 47' 45.8356" W 53° 32' 37.9394" N 658.35 m 22.53 km 77.1° 14 5° 47' 10.9845" W 53° 32' 42.6922" N 445.59 m 23.188 km 62.2° 15 5° 46' 49.5840" W 53° 32' 49.4211" N 289.44 m 23.634 km 48.4° 16 5° 46' 37.8234" W 53° 32' 55.6332" N 217.59 m 23.923 km 35.5° 17 5° 46' 30.9594" W 53° 33' 1.3627" N 235.28 m 24.141 km 21.2°

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18 5° 46' 26.3470" W 53° 33' 8.4600" N 254.78 m 24.376 km 6.6° 19 5° 46' 24.7552" W 53° 33' 16.6465" N 2.03 km 24.631 km 351.7° 20 5° 46' 40.6408" W 53° 34' 21.6162" N 299.51 m 26.66 km 6.6° 21 5° 46' 38.7599" W 53° 34' 31.2392" N 247.68 m 26.96 km 21.6° 22 5° 46' 33.7941" W 53° 34' 38.6857" N 243.02 m 27.208 km 25.0° 23 5° 46' 28.2213" W 53° 34' 45.8125" N 200.74 m 27.451 km 39.7° 24 5° 46' 21.2562" W 53° 34' 50.8105" N 182.73 m 27.651 km 53.9° 25 5° 46' 13.2295" W 53° 34' 54.2915" N 113.97 m 27.834 km 66.7° 26 5° 46' 7.5395" W 53° 34' 55.7489" N 19.791 km 27.948 km 79.5° 27 5° 39' 54.1622" W 53° 36' 51.6396" N 359.05 m 47.739 km 59.7° Table 4. Revised Proposed Route Position List

Figure 10. Revised RPL around the Sharlega

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APPENDIX 1 SHIPWRECK INVENTORY

The Shipwreck Inventory of Ireland includes all known wrecks for the years up to and including 1945. The Shipwreck Inventory is principally a desktop survey with information gathered from a broad range of cartographic, archaeological and historical sources, both documentary and pictorial. Approximately 10,000 records have been compiled and integrated into the shipwreck database thus far. Wrecks over 100 years old and archaeological objects found underwater are protected under the National Monuments (Amendment) Acts 1987 and 1994. Significant wrecks less than 100 years old can be designated by Underwater Heritage Order on account of their historical, archaeological or artistic importance as is the case with the wreck of the RMS Lusitania located off Kinsale Head. Underwater Heritage Orders can also be used to designate areas of seabed or land covered by water to more clearly define and protect wreck sites and archaeological objects. Under the legislation all diving on known protected wreck sites or with the intention of searching for archaeological underwater material is subject to licensing requirements. The Shipwreck Inventory for Dublin was consulted in the Underwater Archaeology Unit offices for vessels lost in the survey area using the following place names; Donabate, Lambay Island, Rockabill, Rush, Dublin (near).There were a large number of shipwrecks recorded in the area which were either with co-ords or some without. The tables below are broken down into known wrecks sites with co-ords and wrecks sites with unknown co-ords in the immediate vicinity.

All known co-ordinate sites were recorded in the vicinity and are listed below including additional known wreck sites which were provided by DAHG on a plotted map and these are plotted in the text of the above report (figures 1 – 5) and associated tables

Table below identifies known wreck sites with co-ords:

Site Name Date of Loss Place of Loss Description Reference

Benaiah 06/12/1992 53 28 05.000N No Description available UKHO2 (MFV) 05 53 01.000W W09459 County of 12/11/1901 Lambay Island UKHO wreck No.009101627. Chart Brady 2008, 171; Lancaster NE of symbol SW 26.7. 98 ton steamer of Freemans Journal, Dublin, (SS) 53 30 45.000N Glasgow lost en route from Fri Nov 15th 1901, Vol. W00748 05 57 21.600W Carnlough/Ayr to Dundalk. Crew of CXXXV, 6, C8; GSI Wreck eight drowned. The body of captain Data; Lloyds list 20, 025, Henry Murray washed ashore at 16th November 1901, 7; Greystones Co. Wicklow. Wreck Lloyds List 20,046, 11th identified by divers in 1996 when bell December 1901, 9, UKHO recovered. The coaster lies intact Wreck Data 1996. upright on the seabed in a general

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depth of 28m. Cargo of coal still present. Vessel is orientated NNW/SSE, measures L.34m x B. 6m x H 5.1m. GSI wreck no GSI_326. Downshire 21/09/1918 Dublin Rockabill UKHO wreck no. 009100696. Chart Brady 2008, 374; BVLS W01996 5.5 miles ENE/ 8 symbol 56wk. Wreckage examined in 1914-18, 97; GSI Wreck miles ESE/ March 1984 is possibly the Downshire. Date; UKHO Wreck Data 53 36 56.720N Lies in general depth of 57 m. wreckage 1996 05 51 18.410W consist of one main section orientated E-W L. 15m x B. 3m X H.1m. Two other sections lie within 50m. 368 ton steam ship of Belfast en route from Whitehaven to Dublin with cargo of coal. Built in 1905 by Mackie and Thomson, Glasgow. Captain was Harvey. Captured by German submarine UB-64 sunk by gunfire. Fern (SS) 22/04/1918 Lambay Deep UKHO Wreck no 009100428 Chart Brady 2008, 376; Brady, W02012 20km E of symbol 72wk. Surveyed in November McKeon, Lyttleton, Irelands Eye 1981. Lies in general sea depth of 79 (at Lawler 2012, 99; BVLS 53 25 51.240N least 72) Orientated E/W Measures 60m 1914-18, 87; GSI Wreck 05 46 56.280W in length, 7, in height. 444 ton steam Data; Hocking 1989, 240; ship of Glasgow en route from Dublin to Larn and Larn 2002, Heysham with general cargo. Built in UKHO Wreck Data 1996. 1900 by the Ailsa Shipbuilding Co. Troon. Owned by Laird Line. Torpedoed sunk by German submarine UB-104. Captatian Mac Arthur and 12 crew killed. Lies orientated E/W and is largely intact. Geraldine 30/03/1918 Howth, 10 miles 35/61 ton fishing sack sunk by German Brady 2008, 377; Bourke (FV) East/ Lambay submarine All five crew drowned 1998, 57 and 162; Larn W02021 Island 10 miles including the skipper and Larn 2002; BVLS East 1914-18, 122; Sean T. 53 32 30.000N Rickard (pers comm); 05 44 30.000W UKHO Glenford 20/03/1918 Dublin c. 25 UKHO wreck no. 009100817. Chart Brady 2008, 377; BVLS

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(Possibly) miles E of symbol 69wk. Wreck surveyed in April 1914-18, 84; UKHO Wreck (SS) Skerries/ 1984, possibly that of the Glenford Lies Data 1996. W02022 Rockabill 24 in general sea depth of 78 m (Least miles E ½ S 69m) orientated E/W. partially covered 53 35 51.000N with sand measures L. 50m x W. 40m x 05 21 22.000W H 3.2M. 494 ton British steamship captured by German submarine U 101 sunk by gunfire. Innisfallen 23/05/1918 Lambay Island, 1,405 ton, 22 year old steamship built in Barry 1916, 64-6; Brady (SS) 24 miles ESE of Newcastle by Wigham Richardson, 2008, 377; BVLS 1914-18, W02030 53 22 30.060N Measured L. 272 x B. 35.7 x D 16.9. 90; Hocking 1969,343; 05 37 15.000W Owned by City of Cork Steam Packet Co. Tennent 1990, 45; UKHO Ltd. Captain was Albert Cole. En route Wreck Data from Liverpool to Cork general cargo. Torpedoed sunk by German submarine UB-64. Ten lives lost. Captain and 23 others saved. Tennent (1990:45) recorded position as 53 25N 5 21W Marquis (SS) 08/11/1917 Dublin Rockabill UKHO wreck no 009100660. Chart Brady 2008, 380; UKHO W02050 16 miles ESE symbol 105 wk. Lies intact in a general Wreck Data 1996 53 36 03.000N sea depth of 108m (least 105m), 05 30 22.000W orientated N/S. Measures L. 33m x B. 7m x Ht 3m. Scour depth of 1.5m Debris located at either side of wreck. 373 ton British steam ship captured by a German submarine sunk by gunfire. Normandiet 21/04/1918 Dublin Rockabill UKHO wreck no. 009101391 chart Brady 2008, 381; BVLS (SS) c 16 miles E of symbol number 93wk. Surveyed in 1914-18, 87; Hocking (possibly) 53 35 42.000N March 1984. Lies in a general sea depth 1989, 512; UKHO Wreck W02061 05 33 39.000W of 102 (least 93m). Wreck is intact lying Data 1996. Calf of Man, 34 on her side orientated NW/SE. miles SW by W Measures L. 65m x B. 10m x H. 8m Scour depth of 1m. 1,843 ton British steam ship torpedoed and sunk by German submarine UB 91. Nellie Esplin 20/11/1924 Lambay Island c. UKHO Wreck no. 009100593. Dublin Brady 2008, 177; Lloyds W00786 1.5 miles NE of Fishing vessel foundered. List 34, 415,

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Archaeological Assessment

53 31 00.000N 28thNovember 1924; 05 59 00.000W UKHO Wreck Data 1996 Palmella (SS) 22/08/1918 Dublin Lambay UKHO wreck no. 009100489 Brady 2008, 381-2; Larn (possibly) Island c.21 miles Chart symbol 81wk. 1,352 ton, 5 year and Larn 2002; Hocking W02062 E old British steamship 200 ton of general 1989, 539; Tennent 1990, 53 28 41.000N cargo. Owned by Ellerman Lines Ltd, 79; UKHO Wreck Data 05 25 27.000W Liverpool. Built by Ramage and 1996; www.uboat.net Ferguson Ltd. Leith. Torpedoed and sunk by the German submarine UB 92 en route from Liverpool to Lisbon. 28 lost including the master. Wreck lies intact on one side or upside down in a general sea depth of 89m (least 81m) orientated NNW/SSE, Measures L. 45m x B. 10 m x H 7.5m. Peaceful 14/03/1941 Dublin Rockabill UKHO wreck no 009100532 Brady 2008, 382; UKHO Star (SS) lighthouse 15 Chart symbol no. 92wk. Wreck lies Wreck Data 1996. (possibly) miles ESE of intact partially buried orientated N>S in W02065 53 31 32.000N a general sea depth of 94 (least 92m). 05 36 14.000W Measures L. 17m x B 4m x H 2,5m. 94 ton British steamship drifter bombed sunk by German Aircraft. Polewell (SS) 05/06/1918 Dublin Rockabill UKHO wreck no. 009100714 Brady 2008, 382; Brady, W02067 lighthouse, 6 Chart symbol 25sw/25wk. wreck lies McKeon, Lyttleton, miles E by S ½ S/ intact upright wreck in a general sea Lawler 2012, 100-101; Skerries, 5 miles depth of 35m (least 25.4m). Orientated BVLS 1914-18, 91; GSI NE of Ne/SW and measures L 80m x B 20 m H Wreck Data; Tennent 53 33 12.000N 10m. 2,013 ton 30 year old British 1990, 47; UKHO wreck 05 55 56.400W collier built in Troon. Previously called data 1996. the Northumbria, the Syra and the Deutsche Kasier. Torpedoed, sunk by the German submarine U 96 en route from Troon to France cargo of coal. No loss of life. Salaminia 29/03/1918 Dublin Rockabill UKHO wreck no 009100623 Brady 2008, 384; Hocking (SS) 13.5 miles ENE Chart symbol 85wk wreck lies upright 1969, 613; King 1976; (possible) of and intact orientated NW/SE in a Larn and Larn 2002,

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Archaeological Assessment

W02082 53 36 10.000N general sea depth of 97 (least 86m) UKHO Wreck Data 1996. 05 37 33.000W measures L 80m x B 15m x H 10m scour depth of 1.5 m. 3,112 ton Greek steam ship built in 1897 by K Readhead and sons south Shields. Originally names Trevilly owned by A.A Embiricos of Greece. Torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine Sharelga 18.04/1982 53 36 50 940N No description available UKHO2 (FV) 05 27 15.960W W10033 St. Ibar 29/10/1973 Skerries 17 km No description available UKHO2 W10055 East 53 34 25.980N 05 51 37.980W St. Michan ( 30/03/1918 Lambay Island, UKHO wreck no 009100647. Chart Bourke 1998, 58; Brady FV) 10 miles NE/ 10 symbol 66wk wreck lies intact upright 2008, 383; BVLS 1914-18, (possibly) miles E orientated E-W in a general sea depth of 122; GSI Wreck Data; W02078 53 32 25.000N 72m (least 67m). Measures L 28m x B ULHO Wreck Data 1996. 05 43 42.000W 6m x H 6m. Scour depth of 2m, admiralty notes that wreckage appears to be too large for a 43 ton trawler. 43 ton trawler captured and sunk by gunfire by German submarine U 96. No loss of life. Tayleur 21/01/1854 Lambay Island, E Some salvage work carried out in Bourke 1994, 15-16; W00805 side of since February 1854, wreck rediscovered on Bourke 1998, 162; Bourke been known as 12th July 1957 by divers from the Irish 2003; Brady 2008, 179; Tayleur Bay, Sub Aqua Club. UKHO wreck no. de Courcy Ireland 1983, 53 29 35.923 N 009000112. 1,979 ton newly built 57-59; Hocking 1969, 689; 05 59 54.901 W barque rigged iron sailing clipper. Joyce (1995) 1912, 299- Measured L 76.2m x B. 12.2m x D. 6.4m. 303; PP 1854-1855, Owned by Pilkington and Wilsons White XXXIV, 26-27; PP 1857- star line, captain was John Noble. En 1858 LII (526), PP 1861 route from Liverpool to Melbourne, 56 LVIII, 36; Lloyds list 12, crew, fourteen stewards 458 428, Mon 23rd Jan 1854; passengers. Cargo included farm Lloyds list 12, 443, Thurs.

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Archaeological Assessment

machinery, 40,000 roof slates 10,000 Feb 9th 1854; Lloyds list bricks, fireplaces, slate headstones, 12, 610, Aug 25th 1854 crockery, general kitchen items, lamps, linen tinplate, 100 tonnes of coal, 250 tonnes of stone ballast and the hull of a river steamer as deck cargo. Encountered SSW-SSE force 9 gale, crew found it difficult to manage the ship went off course and drifted towards the Irish coast. Anchors failed to prevent the ship from being driven ashore, ran onto rocks and sank in deep water. Account of the number of lives lost varies between 290-400 people. Unknown Unknown Lambay Island, The Following Data has been N/A W10599 Saltpan Bay transferred from the Web Field on the 53 29 30.000N 8th June 2017 Co-Ordinates are wrong 06 01 36.00W

Unknown Unknown Dublin UKHO wreck no. 009101378 Brady 2008, 397; UKHO (SS) Loughshinny, c. Possibly wreck of a steamboat. Nothing wreck data 1996 W02209 12km east of found during search in 1984 53 32 47.000N 05 53 55.000W Unknown Unknown Lambay Island UKHO wreck no 009101548 chart Brady 2008, 397; UKHO W02210 approximately symbol 54wk wreck surveyed in October Wreck data 1996. 10.6km east, 1983 lies intact upright and orientated 53 29 03.200N E/W in general sea depth of 59 m (least 05 50 53.760W depth 54 m. measures L 23m x B 6m x H 5m. Unknown Unknown Lambay island c. UKHO wreck no 009100544 chart Brady 2008, 397; UKHO W02211 31.5 km east of symbol 79wk. wreck surveyed in 1984 wreck Data 1996. 53 28 49.000N lies intact upright orientated N/S in 05 31 20.000W general sea depth of 88M (least 79m). Measured L 40m x B 12m X H 10m Unknown Unknown Lambay Island c. UKHO Wreck no 009101664 Brady 2008, 397;GSI W02212 21 km east of Chart symbol 59wk. wreck surveyed in Wreck Data; UKHO Wreck

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Archaeological Assessment

53 28 51.820N 1984 lies intact apparently upright, data 1996. 05 40 53.620W orientated E/W general sea depth of 65 m (least 59m) Measured L 30m x B 5m X H 6m Unknown Unknown Dublin c 10 miles UKHO wreck no 009100568 Brady 2008, 397;UKHO W02213 ENE of Lambay Wreck spread over large area Wreck data 1996 53 30 33.000N 05 45 26.000W Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 22 UKHO wreck no 009101251 Brady 2008, 397; UKHO W02214 miles E Lambay Chart symbol 84wk. wreck located Wreck data 1996 53 28 22.000N investigated in June 1983 in a general 05 24 39.000W sea depth of 89m (least 84m). wreck lies on its side intact orientated NE/SW measuring L 56m x B 10m x H 4.5 m Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 20 E of UKHO wreck no 009101597 Brady 2008, 397; UKHO W02215 Skerries This wreck was shown in decca on wreck data 1996 53 32 57.000N 14/7/83 a dual channel side scan survey 05 37 12.000W was carried out in 1984 but nothing was found Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 2.5 UKHO wreck no 0099100726 Brady 2008, 398; UKHO W02216 miles ENE of Wreck lies in general depth of 35m Wreck data 1996 Rockabill 53 36 30.000N 05 56 00.000W Unknown Unknown Dublin c. 22 UKHO wreck no 009100684 Brady 2008, 398;UKHO W02217 miles E of Chart symbol OB77 surveyed march wreck data 1996 Rockabill 1984 obstruction orientated N-S lies in 53 35 29.000N general depth of 80m (least 77.9m) 05 22 40.000W Measures L 3-4 m H 2.7m Unknown Unknown 53 24 59.000N No description available UKHO2 W10291 05 47 23.000W Unknown Unknown 53 25 09.000N No description available UKHO2 W10292 05 46 07.000W Unknown Unknown 53 39 47.000N No description available UKHO2 W10283 05 18 25,000W Unknown Unknown 53 36 56.000N No description available UKNO2 W10295 05 19 37.000W

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Archaeological Assessment

Vision 02/12/1994 Lambay Island Fishing Trawler This data has been W11676 53 29 00.000N transferred from the Web 06 01 00.000W Field on the 8th June 2017 Wisemans 11/03/1984 53 37 30.000N No description available UKHO2 W11695 05 29 30.000W Shipwreck 30/03/1918 Lambay Island, A 43-ton British trawler captured and UKNO wreck no. Inv. No 10 miles NE: sunk by gunfire by German submarine 009100647. W02078 St. Chart symbol U-96. Admiralty notes that wreckage Michan 66wk. - 'appears to be too large for a 43- ton (Possibly) 5.7283333 trawler'. 53.54027777

Shipwreck 14/03/1941 Rockabill A 94-ton British steam drifter bombed, UKHO wreck no Inv. No Lighthouse, 15 sunk by German aircraft. General sea 009100532. W02065 miles ESE: Chart depth of 94m (least depth 92m). Peaceful symbol 92wk. Measures L. 17m x B. 4m x H2.5m. Star 5.603888 (possibly) - 53.52555 Shipwreck Dublin 22 miles E Chart symbol 84wk. Wreck located, UKHO wreck no. Inv. No of Lambay, investigated in June 1983, lying in 009101251. W02214 5.410833, general sea depth of 89m (least depth Unknown - 53.472777 84m). Wreck lies intact, probably lying on its side, orientated NESW, measuring L. 56m x B. 10m x H. 4.5m.

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Archaeological Assessment

Table below identifies known wreck sites within close proximity to the cable route:

Date of Site Name Place of Loss Description Reference Loss Tergiste N/A At Portrane near rocks Austrian brig - 333 tons http://www.irish wrecksonline.net /Lists/DublinListE .htm

Unknown 1788 Portrane Cargo was salt and coal and it http://www.irish was a Wexford Brig wrecksonline.net /Lists/DublinListE .htm Roy Stokes & Liam Dowling, Richard & Bridget Larn, Lloyd's Register - Fairplay Ltd 2002 - ISBN: 1900839970, Edward J. Bourke 2000 - ISBN: 0952302721 Roy Stokes & Liam Dowling, Blown ashore & wrecked, Lloyd's Register - Unknown 1861 Portrane Dutch sail vessel Fairplay Ltd 2002 - ISBN: 1900839970 Roy Stokes & Liam Dowling, Portrane, 600 yds. off Sail vessel, palm oil & Lloyd's Register - ADA 1873 sandhills superphosphate Fairplay Ltd 2002 - ISBN: 1900839970 Roy Stokes & Maryanne 1881 Portrane Canadian Brig Liam Dowling

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Archaeological Assessment

Wooden Vessel Carrying Roy Stokes & Unknown 1918 Portrane Timber Liam Dowling Lloyd's Register - Rockabill,5 Miles South- Coal, Newry Brigantine - 77 Fairplay Ltd 2002 Repealer 1873 South-East Of Lighthouse Tons; Troon For Wicklow - Isbn: 1900839970 4 Miles South-West Of Roy Stokes & Recovery 1882 Smack - 23 Tons , Ballast Rockabill Liam Dowling Lloyd's Register - Fairplay Ltd 2002 Foundered 5 Miles North- Dublin Fishing Ketch - 36 Tons, - Isbn: Sarah 1890 East Of Rockabill Ballast 1900839970, Roy Stokes & Liam Dowling Lloyd's Register - Rockabill, Foundered 12 Seggarth Fairplay Ltd 2002 1910 Miles North-East Of Dublin Ketch - 23 Tons , Ballast Aroon - Isbn: Lighthouse 1900839970 Lloyd's Register - 16 Miles East-South-East Steamer - 373 Tons. Shelled & Fairplay Ltd 2002 The Marquis 1917 Of Rockabill Sunk By Uc-75 - Isbn: 1900839970 Shelled & Sunk By U-Boat 8 Downshire 1918 N/A Carrying coal Miles East-South- East Of, Roy Stokes & Liam Dowling, Lloyd's Register - Greek Steamer - 3,112 Tons, Fairplay Ltd 2002 Torpedoed 12 Miles South Salamina 1918 Ballast, Lies In 85m; Barrow-In- - Isbn: East Of Rockabill Furness For Barry 1900839970, Edward J. Bourke 1994 - Isbn: 0952302705 Albion 11/12/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 887 W00737 Co-ordinates unknown

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Archaeological Assessment

Avon (SS) 12/08/1 Lambay Island, Dublin N/A N/A 879 Burren rock W00741 Co-ordinates unknown

Ceres 02/09/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 825 W00746 Co-ordinates unknown Clansman 20/02/1 Lambay Island Taylors Reef N/A N/A 874 W00747 Co-ordinates unknown Georgina 01/03/1 Lambay Island the Quarry N/A N/A 873 inside taylors rocks W00757 Co-ordinates unknown Grand Mile 16/04/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A (SS) 847 Co-ordinates unknown W00759 Granuaile (SS) 14/04/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 847 W00760 Co-ordinates unknown Hannah Maria 27/11/1 Rush N/A N/A 804 W00762 Co-ordinates unknown Henry 11/01/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 780 W00763 Co-ordinates unknown Horatio 17/08/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 848 W00764 Co-ordinates unknown Industry 22/03/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 760 W00765 Co-ordinates unknown Industry 14/12/1 Rush Point N/A N/A 886 W00766 Co-ordinates unknown Iron Man Unknow Rush N/A N/A n W00767 Co-ordinates unknown Isabel (SS) 09/01/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 913 W00768 Co-ordinates unknown James 15/12/1 Rush N/A N/A 828 W00771 Co-ordinates unknown Jane 15/11/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A

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Archaeological Assessment

W00772 854 Co-ordinates unknown John Dugdale 05/02/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 838 W00773 Co-ordinates unknown Lady Hobart 29/01/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 865 W00775 Co-ordinates unknown Maid of the 31/10/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A Mill 826 Co-ordinates unknown W00777 Margaret 30/06/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 909 W00780 Co-ordinates unknown Maria Stella 18/10/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 865 W00781 Co-ordinates unknown Mary 29/09/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 828 W00782 Co-ordinates unknown Mary 09/10/1 Rush N/A N/A 844 W00783 Co-ordinates unknown Pioneer Unknow Lambay Island N/A N/A n W00793 Co-ordinates unknown Queen 09/02/1 Donabate N/A N/A Adelaide 861 Co-ordinates unknown W00794 Richard and 24/09/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A Martha 689 Co-ordinates unknown W00795 Robert and 06/06/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A Ross 817 Co-ordinates unknown W00797 Sarah Jane 26/05/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 869 W00798 Co-ordinates unknown

Shamrock 21/12/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 878 W00799 Co-ordinates unknown Shamrock (SS) 05/05/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 918

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Archaeological Assessment

W00800 Co-ordinates unknown Speedwell 08/05/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 869 W00802 Co-ordinates unknown Una 28/02/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 881 W00809 Co-ordinates unknown Victoria 05/01/1 Donabate N/A N/A 854 W00810 Co-ordinates unknown Will O’ the 09/02/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A Wisp 855 Co-ordinates unknown W00815 Unknown 1260 Portrane N/A N/A

W00816 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 05/12/1 Rush N/A N/A 775 W00821 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 27/09/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 779 W00822 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 15/10/1 Portrane N/A N/A 784 W00823 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 08/09/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 807 W00824 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 12/11/1 Rush N/A N/A 852 W00828 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 12/11/1 Rush N/A N/A 852 W00829 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 16/05/1 Rush N/A N/A 854 W00831 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 12/02/1 Portrane N/A N/A 855 W00832 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 07/03/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 855 W00833 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 09/02/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 861 W00836 Co-ordinates unknown

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Archaeological Assessment

Unknown 09/02/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 861 W00837 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 13/02/1 Portrane N/A N/A 861 13/02/1861 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 08/0518 Rush N/A N/A 87 W00843 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 24/07/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 904 W00845 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown Unknow Rush N/A N/A n W00851 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown Unknow Lambay N/A N/A n W00852 Co-ordinates unknown Margaret 14/12/1 Lambay Island 3 miles SSE N/A N/A 865 of zone 6 W12079 William John 14/01/1 Lambay Island 2 miles SSW N/A N/A 890 of zone 6 W12711 Unknown 08/05/1 Rush N/A N/A 887 W12728 Co-ordinates unknown Isabel 09/01/1 Lambay Island off zone 6 N/A N/A 913 W14605 Unknown 13/05/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 890 W14744 Co-ordinates unknown Unknown 30/07/1 Lambay Island N/A N/A 890 W15012 Co-ordinates unknown Galatea 12/02/1 Portrane N/A N/A 855 W15491 Antje 28/04/1 Portrane N/A N/A 859 W15923 Unknown 16/05/1 Rush 2-3 ml off Zone 006 N/A N/A 854 W15988 Unknown 07/03/1 Lambay near zone 006 N/A N/A 855 W16013

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Archaeological Assessment

Unknown 07/09/1 Lambay of zone 006 N/A N/A 807 W16158 Brother 20/11/1 Lambay of zone 006 N/A N/A 880 W16287 Unknown 04/12/1 Rush off zone 006 N/A N/A 862 W17839 Unknown 13/08/1 Rockabill and Lambay N/A N/A 868 between W18357

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Archaeological Assessment

APPENDIX 2. TOPOGRAPHICAL FILES The following information was collected for the Donabate Portrane Peninsula. These are listed below: Townland Finds Description Beaverstown Stone Axehead and Two Flint Flakes 1936:5626, 1976:2-21 Donabate Hammer Stone – 17/06/1933 purchased Portraine Flint Artefacts – Cave at Portraine Turvey 1978:80-116. 9 Flint scrapers and 28 flint flakes

* The cable route has no direct impact on any archaeological sites or monuments in the vicinity, therefore the likelihood of stray artefacts or archaeological feature is the study area is unlikely.

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Archaeological Assessment

APPENDIX 3. RECORDED SITES AND MONUMENTS The following were researched: Burrow, Donabate, Dumanagh, Lambay Island, Loughshinny, Portraine, Rush & Quay, Whitestown,

ITM ITM Irish Grid Irish Grid SMR No. Class Townland Easting Northing Easting Northing BURROW ( DU008-028 Chapel By.) 724669 751675 324745 251653 Burrow Ritual Site - Holy (Nethercross DU008-029 Well By.) 724723 751538 324799 251516 Castle - Tower DU008-030 House Portraine 725093 751122 325169 251099

DU008-031001 Church Portraine 725284 750988 325360 250965

DU008-031002 Graveyard Portraine 725277 750978 325353 250955

DU008-031003 Bullaun Stone Portraine 725268 750988 325344 250965

DU008-032 Burial Quay 725868 750895 325944 250872 House - 18th/19th DU008-058 Century Portraine 724957 750928 325033 250905 Ritual Site - Holy DU012-007 Well Quay 725917 750097 325993 250074

DU012-007001 Cave Quay 725917 750097 325993 250074 Portraine DU012-009001 Church Demesne 725586 749870 325662 249847 Ritual Site - Holy Portraine DU012-009002 Well Demesne 725574 749865 325650 249842

DU012-010 Quay 726263 750561 326339 250538 Portraine DU012-095001 Habitation Site Demesne 724800 750001 324876 249978 House - Bronze Portraine DU012-095002 Age Demesne 724798 749996 324874 249973 Portraine DU012-095003 Pit Demesne 724810 750020 324886 249997

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Archaeological Assessment

ITM ITM Irish Grid Irish Grid SMR No. Class Townland Easting Northing Easting Northing Castle - Tower Newbridge DU012-004 House Demesne 720918 749661 320993 249638

DU012-005001 Church Donabate 722482 749979 322558 249956 Castle - Tower DU012-005002 House Donabate 722497 749981 322573 249958

DU012-005003 Graveyard Donabate 722490 749966 322566 249943 Wall Monument (Present DU012-005004 Location) Donabate 722482 749975 322558 249952 House - 18th/19th Newbridge DU012-060 Century Demesne 721573 750082 321648 250059 Newbridge DU012-074 Ring-Ditch Demesne 721155 749430 321230 249407 Excavation - DU012-082001 Miscellaneous Donabate 722490 750031 322566 250008

DU012-082002 Structure Donabate 722487 750034 322563 250011

DU012-082003 Structure Donabate 722487 750035 322563 250012

DU012-082004 Structure Donabate 722484 750033 322560 250010 Castle - Tower DU008-003 House Rush Demesne 726323 756027 326399 256006

DU008-004001 Church Rush Demesne 726431 755941 326507 255920

DU008-004002 Graveyard Rush Demesne 726424 755955 326500 255934 Tomb - DU008-004003 Unclassified Rush Demesne 726426 755942 326502 255921 Ritual Site - Holy DU008-005 Well Rush Demesne 726361 755910 326437 255889 Promontory Fort DU008-006001 - Coastal 727239 756208 327316 256187

DU008-006002 Well Drumanagh 727012 756360 327089 256339

DU008-006003 Martello Tower Drumanagh 727383 756238 327460 256217

DU008-006004 Enclosure Drumanagh 727167 756248 327244 256227

DU008-006005 Structure Drumanagh 727170 756240 327247 256219

DU008-006006 Enclosure Drumanagh 727252 756222 327329 256201

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Archaeological Assessment

ITM ITM Irish Grid Irish Grid SMR No. Class Townland Easting Northing Easting Northing

DU008-006007 Enclosure Drumanagh 727248 756242 327325 256221

DU008-006008 Ring-Ditch Drumanagh 727344 756278 327421 256257

DU008-006009 Ring-Ditch Drumanagh 727322 756249 327399 256228

DU008-012 Windmill Rush 725687 754052 325763 254030 Megalithic Tomb DU008-013001 - Passage Tomb Rush 726907 755352 326984 255330

DU008-013002 Cist Rush 726934 755356 327011 255334

DU008-013003 Midden Rush 726909 755356 326986 255334

DU008-014 Well Rush 726318 754422 326394 254400

DU008-015 Martello Tower Rush 727556 754062 327633 254040 Whitestown Ritual Site - Holy ( East DU008-020 Well By. Lusk Ed) 724355 753571 324431 253549 Whitestown (Balrothery East DU008-021001 Church By. Lusk ED) 724566 753583 324642 253561 Whitestown (Balrothery East DU008-021002 Graveyard By. Lusk ED) 724553 753599 324629 253577 Ritual Site - Holy DU008-022 Well Rush 726761 753711 326838 253689

DU008-051 Enclosure Loughshinny 726994 756647 327071 256626 House - Haystown 18th/19th (Balrothery East DU008-059 Century By., Lusk ED) 724562 755089 324638 255067 Excavation - DU008-072 Miscellaneous Rush 726304 754432 326380 254410

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Archaeological Assessment

ITM ITM Irish Grid Irish Grid SMR No. Class Townland Easting Northing Easting Northing Whitestown (Balrothery East By. Lusk ed),Whitestow n (Balrothery East By., ED), Whitestown (Balrothery East By., Balscaddan ED) (Detached Portion), Whitestown (Balrothery DU008-085 Cist West By.) 724462 753536 324538 253514 Promontory Fort DU008-090 - Coastal Rush 726935 755388 327012 255366

DU008-094 Enclosure Drumanagh 726947 756042 327024 256021 Promontory Fort DU009-001001 - Coastal Lambay Island 731142 751440 331219 251418 Cairn - DU009-001002 Unclassified Lambay Island 731572 751063 331650 251040

DU009-001003 Burial Ground Lambay Island 730405 750611 330482 250588

DU009-001004 Midden Lambay Island 730416 750613 330493 250590 House - Fortified DU009-001005 House Lambay Island 730964 750920 331041 250897

DU009-001006 Moated Site Lambay Island 730851 750781 330928 250758

DU009-001007 Church Lambay Island 730747 750799 330824 250776

DU009-001008 Burial Ground Lambay Island 730715 750923 330792 250900

DU009-001009 Burial Ground Lambay Island 730633 750830 330710 250807 Cairn - DU009-001010 Unclassified Lambay Island 731837 750832 331915 250809 Ritual Site - Holy DU009-001011 Well Lambay Island 731471 750845 331549 250822

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Archaeological Assessment

ITM ITM Irish Grid Irish Grid SMR No. Class Townland Easting Northing Easting Northing

DU009-001012 Burial Lambay Island 730679 751157 330756 251135 Promontory Fort DU009-001013 - Coastal Lambay Island 730869 751555 330946 251533 Barrow - Ring- DU009-001014 Barrow Lambay Island 730841 751429 330918 251407

DU009-001015 Mound Lambay Island 731616 750802 331694 250779

DU009-001016 Axe Factory Lambay Island 731562 750799 331640 250776

DU009-001017 Enclosure Lambay Island 732003 751203 332081 251181 Cairn - DU009-001018 Unclassified Lambay Island 0 0 0 0 Cairn - DU009-001021 Unclassified Lambay Island 731846 750424 331924 250401 Cairn - DU009-001023- Unclassified Lambay Island 731937 751543 332015 251521 Cairn - DU009-001024 Unclassified Lambay Island 730723 750597 330800 250574

DU009-001025 Burial Ground Lambay Island 0 0 0 0 Promontory Fort DU009-001026 - Coastal Lambay Island 730543 750641 330620 250618

DU009-001027 Enclosure Lambay Island 730624 750634 330701 250611

DU009-001028 Flat Cemetery Lambay Island 730624 750624 330701 250601

DU009-001029 Enclosure Lambay Island 730687 751179 330764 251157

DU009-001030 Enclosure Lambay Island 731868 751279 331946 251257

DU009-001031 Habitation Site Lambay Island 731344 750953 331422 250930

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Archaeological Assessment

APPENDIX 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS www.excavations.ie was consulted and the following townlands were studied for archaeological excavations: Portrane, Lambay Island and Donabate

County Dublin Site Name Portraine SMR 8:31 (02) Licence No. 02E1451 and ext No. Site Graveyard Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2002/Dublin/0007964/ Type ITM Latitude/Longitude E 725247m, 53.493988, -6.112414 N 750990m

County Dublin Site Name Ballalease North/Ballymastone/Portraine Ballisk SMR Licence No. 06E0027 ext.

No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2016/Dublin/0025696/ Testing, Type prehistoric; early medieval ITM E723755m, Latitude/Longitude 53.487238, -6.135193 N 750199m

County Portraine Site Name Portraine Demesne SMR Licence No. 15E0396 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2016/Dublin/0025689/ 18th-20th- Type century structures ITM E 724794m, Latitude/Longitude 53.488728, -6.119474 N 750392m

County Portraine Site Name Portraine Demesne

SMR N/A Licence No. 15E0396 ext. No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2016/Dublin/0025689 Prehistoric/Post Type Medieval ITM Latitude/Longitude E 724469m, 53.489964, -6.124318 N 750521m

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Archaeological Assessment

County Portraine Site Name Portraine Demesne

SMR N/A Licence No. 17E0303 No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2017/Dublin/0025969/ Possible Type prehistoric cist and associated features ITM E 724542m, Latitude/Longitude 53.489174, -6.123252 N 750435m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. N/A N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1991/Dublin/0001108/ Burial Type

ITM E 730623m, Latitude/Longitude 53.491182, -6.031516 N 750823m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No.

Site Potential Stone Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1993/Dublin/0001474/ Type Axe Production Site ITM E 731637m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490867, -6.016251 N 750816m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1994/Dublin/0001704/ Neolithic Site Type including potential Stone Axe Production Site ITM E 731423m, Latitude/Longitude 53.488289, -6.019596 N 750523m

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Archaeological Assessment

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1995/Dublin/0001942/ Neolithic Site Type including potential Stone Axe Production Site ITM E 731423m, Latitude/Longitude 53.488289, -6.019596 N 750523m

County Dublin Site Name The Point, Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 95E0140 N./A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1995/Dublin/0001941/ Human Burial Type Site ITM E 731637m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490867, -6.016251 N 750816m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144

No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1996/Dublin/0002260/ Neolithic Site Type including Stone Axe Production Site ITM Latitude/Longitude E 731623m, 53.490933, -6.016459 N 750823m

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Archaeological Assessment

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144

No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1997/Dublin/0002728/ Neolithic Axe Type Production Site with associated activity ITM E 731623m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490933, -6.016459 N 750823m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1998/Dublin/0003382/ Neolithic Axe Type Production Site with associated activity ITM E 731623m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490933, -6.016459 N 750823m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No.

Site Neolithic Axe Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/1999/Dublin/0004140/ Type Production Site with associated activity ITM E 731623m, Latitude/Longitude

N 750823m 53.490933, -6.016459

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Archaeological Assessment

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2000/Dublin/0005139/ Neolithic Axe Type Production Site with associated activity ITM E 731623m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490933, -6.016459 N 750823m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 93E0144 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2001/Dublin/0006377/ Neolithic Axe Type Production Site with associated activity ITM E 731623m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490933, -6.016459 N 750823m

County Dublin Site Name Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 01E0016 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2001/Dublin/0006378/ N/A Type ITM E 731637m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490867, -6.016251 N 750816m

County Dublin Site Name ‘The Point’, Lambay Island SMR Licence No. 02E0649 N/A No. Site Description https://www.excavations.ie/report/2002/Dublin/0007932/ Human Burials Type

ITM E 731636m, Latitude/Longitude 53.490863, -6.016259 N 750815m

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