District Census Handbook, 10-Etah, Uttar Pradesh
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
11------ II Census of India, 1951 1 I DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK UTTAR PdADESH I ) . I IO-ETAH DISTRICT II ALLAHABAD: SUPERINTENDXNT, PRINTING AND STATIONERY, UTIAR PRADESH, INDIA 1955 DISTRICT CENS-US HANDBOOK 1951 ETAH DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States. including Uttar Pradesh. have been; publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "'District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census. when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever in view of the _require .. ments of the country, the district.-wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non ... agricultural Occupations. agricultural statistics from 190V02 to 19$0"'51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set of district ... wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and of urban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "Distriet Population Statistics" has already been published. _This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. 3. The number of District Census Handbooks printed so far is twenty ... ninc. Special arrangements for speeding up the printing have now been made and it is I hoped that the remaining Handbooks will be printed before the end of 1955. RA}ESHW ARI PRASAD. I.A.S., RA,MPUR: Suptrintendent, Cmsus Operations. July 15, 19S5. Uttar- Prldesh. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION- Pages A-The District i-ii B-Analysis of the Statistics iii-ix C-ExplanatoTY Note on the Statistics i)(-xi PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES A--GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Houses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variation since 1901 6-7 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 8-9 E Area and Population of District and Tehsils by Livelihood Classes 1O-[} B-EcONOMIC TABLES- B-J Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes 12-15 B-Il Secondary Means of Livelihood 16-23 B~ITI Employers, Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by 24-50 Divisions and Sub-divisions. B-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 51-52 lodex of Noo-agricultural Occupations 53-51 C-HOUSBHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) T ABLES- C-I Household (size and composition) 58-59 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 60-65 C-III Age and Civil Condition 66-69 C-IV Age and Literacy ,. 70-73 C-V Single Year Age Returns 74-81 D-SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D-I Languages (i) Mother Tongue 82-83 (ii) Bilingualism 84-85 D-ll Religion 86-87 D-lII Scheduled Castes 86-87 D-IV Migrants 88-91 D-V (i) Displaced persons by Year of arrival in India 92-93 (ii) Displaced persons by Livelihood Classes 92-93 D-VI Non-Indian Nationals (Not available) D-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 94-99 PART II- VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND THANA STATISTICS Primary Census Abstract 102-159 2 Pargana and Thana-wise Population 160 PART Ill-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Vital Statistics 162-165 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) RainfaU 166-167 (ii) Area as Classified with Details of Area under Cultivation 168-171 (iii) Cropped Area .. 172-187 (iv) Irrigated Area .. 188-191 3 Live-Stock, Agricultural Machineryand Implements ,1920-51 192-195 " List of Primary Schools 196-202 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT , The district of Etah lies in the central portion of the Ganga and Yamuna doab and is bounded on the north by the Ganga, which separates it from the Budaun district; on the west by the dis tricts of Aligarh, Mathura and Agra; on the south by Agra and Mainpuri and on the east by Farrukh abad. The Ganga forms its entire northern face, while the Kali Nadi separates it from Mainpuri over about one-third of its southern border. The rest of its boundaries are artificial. The district has an area of 1,715 square miles and its population in 1951 was 11'24 lakhs. It has 4 tehsils, 15 parganas and 15 thanas. 2. The physical features of the district are to a very considerable extent controlled by the Topography. rivers which flow through it and of which the important ones, are, from north to south, the Ganga, the Burhganga, the Kali Nadi and the Isan. These rivers divide the district into three distinct and almost parallel tracts. The first is the tarai tract, a long strip of lowlying alluvial deposit formed ,by the gradual recession of the Ganga, lying between its present main stream and the old high blink, below which the Burhganga winds its serpentive course. The .second tract is situated between the high bank and the Kali Nadi, and the third tract is to the south of the Kali Nadi. These three tracts differ considerably in their characteristics and merit separate description. The tarai tract (the Ganga khadar) consists of an alluvial deposit of sand covered principally with a layer of mould of yarying depth. In places it is a thin crest which is only surface deep, in others it is a thick stratum, rich in hollows which were the first to catch the alluvial deposits, but poorer in the highlying areas. The edges of this tract immediately bordering the Ganga and the Burhganga constitute the tarai proper, most of which is of particular fertility. The tarai along the Ganga is more valuable than the tarai on the banks of the Burhganga, for besides receiving fresh deposits of mould year after year it is more open and there is a greater outlet for water in case of an overflow, while along the Burhganga the passage of water is liable to be stopped and there is always a risk of waterlogging. ,In the Burhganga tarai three divisions are recognised, the katra, which grows sugarcane without irrigation, the adhkachara which can grow all superior crops with the help of shallow percolation wells and the phatka, which consists of a thin stratum of reh-i nfected loam over sand. In between the two tarai areas lies the danda or upper lands, comprising the bulk of the area of the tract. It is worst immediately above the Burhganga whose to\) is marked by undulating ridges of sand which considerably effect the area further inland. Away from those ridges, how ever, the soil improves as the distance to the Ganga shortens, but it always consists of a thin crest of loam over the pure white sand typical of the Ganga bed . The dividing line between the tarai tract and the tract between the old high bank and the Kali Nadi described as the central doab is the old high bank of the Ganga which runs throuhout from west to east as a well-marked cliff. The summit of the high bank is marked by a vast belt of uneven sand which, however, levels up further south where it has been very much consolidated by irrigation. It has its counterpart in the sandy crest of the Kali Nadi at the southern end of the tract. This ridge is more level. In between lies the upland, an uneven plain of highlying sandy soil much disfigured by usar. The valley of Kali Nadi on its left bank forms the southern fringe of this tract. Floods are common in the valley but it dries up in time to permit the sowing of I'a"i, and the crops do well without irrigation. The tract lying to the south of the Kali Nadi comprises about one-third of parganlJ Bilram and the whole of tehsils Etah and Jalesar. Immediately to the south of the Kali Nadi lies the portion of its valley on the right bank. It resembles in general characteristics the portion on the opposite bank, except that it is here throughout broad and the decent to the lowlands is mostly gradual. It is flanked as in the north by the crest of the river which consists of a belt of undulating sand followed by a fairly wide belt of country where the soil is predominantly sandy loam of a reddish brown colour. From this point southwards the level begins to drop and the topography completely changes. The light sandy soils suddenly vanish, and their place is taken by a vast tract of lowlying usar. The surface is pitted with a continuous series of large saucer-liko depressions which import to the landscope a decidedly undulating appearance. Conditions, however, improve on nearing Jalesar. This tehsil consists of a level expanse of country through the centre of which, from north-west to south-east runs a rolling chain of sand hills. To the east and west of the sand hills are large tracts of country with very finn soil, the prevailing characteristic of which is as in tehsil Etah, the presence of large featureless usar plains. Towards the east the drainage is faulty and surface uneven. Towards the west the Iowlying villages are liable to inundation by the Isan. Cultivation throughout this tract suffer from a lack of continuity. 3. The natural soils recognised in the district are dumat, bhur, tarai and matiyar. Dumat Solis. represented the laom, bhur the sandy. soit., tarai the soil along the larger rivers and matiyar the clayey soil.