Bedlam in Mind: Seeing and Reading Historical Images of Madness Bedlam in Mind: Seeing and Reading Historical Images of Madness Simon Cross Department of Media and Cultural Studies Nottingham Trent University Clifton Lane Nottingham NG11 8NS NOTTINGHAM UK Email:
[email protected] Fax: 0115 9418418 Dr Simon Cross is Senior Lecturer in Media and Cultural Studies at Nottingham Trent University. He is the author oi Mediating Madness: Mental Distress and Cultural Representation. Houndsmill: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 1 Bedlam in Mind: Seeing and Reading Historical Images of Madness Bedlam in Mind: Seeing and Reading Historical Images of Madness Abstract. In this article I explore mythical Bedlam of popular imaginings. London's Bethlem Hospital was for centuries a unique institution caring for the insane and its alter ego 'Bedlam' influenced popular stereotypes of insanity. For instance, while the type of vagrant beggar known as a 'Tom of Bedlam' was said to have disappeared from English society with the Restoration, the figure of Mad Tom retained a visual and vocal presence within popular musical culture from the seventeenth century up to the present era. Using the ballad 'Mad Tom o' Bedlam' as a case study, I illustrate how an early modern stereotype of madness has maintained continuity within a popular song tradition whilst undergoing cultural change. Keywords: Bethlem Hospital; Bedlam; historical image of madness; continuity and change in Bedlam stereotype; 'Mad Tom of Bedlam' (Bedlamite ballad) Introduction1 In the English-speaking world, the symbol of a segregative response to insanity has long been fixed on London's Bethlem Hospital, popularly known as Bedlam (Scull, 2006).