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Comparison Between the Microbial Diversity in Carpenter Ant (Camponotus) Gut and Weaver Ant (Oecophylla) Gut
Hosmath & Timmappa J Pure Appl Microbiol, 13(4), 2421-2436 | December 2019 Article 5857 | https://doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.13.4.58 Print ISSN: 0973-7510; E-ISSN: 2581-690X RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Comparison Between the Microbial Diversity in Carpenter Ant (Camponotus) Gut and Weaver Ant (Oecophylla) Gut Kirti Shivayogi Hosmath and Shivasharana Chandrabanda Timmappa* Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Abstract Aim to study the whole genome of cultured and uncultured microbes present within the ant gut environment can only be determined by using the advanced technology used is Next-generation sequencing (NGS) tool. Here' in this research' this tool is been used to study the exact composition or population of gut microbes present in the two ants are: Carpenter ant (genus Camponotus) and Weaver ant (genus Oecophylla), by 16S/18S/ITS rDNA amplicon sequencing and comparing whether these two ants have same microbial species and same composition, if yes then what is their percentage of abundance in these ants gut and how these microbial diversity play role in these ants life cycle. And from this ant gut study, which is performed by metagenomic tools, revealed the presence of large diversity of microbes in these ant gut and are from the order and genus of bacteria commonly found are Actinomycetales, Bifidobacteriales, Actinobacteria, Bacteriodales, Flavobacteriales, Caulobacterales, Methanobacteriales, Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, Bradyrhizobacterium, Agrobacterium etc. here, the complete microbial diversity of Carpenter and Weaver ant guts are studied by performing 16S / 18S / ITS rDNA amplicon sequencing procedure, which includes, surface sterilization, dissection, culturing in basic media broth, genomic DNA extraction, quality control, rDNA variable region amplification, library construction, high-throughput sequencing, data analysis and identification of microbiome. -
Resasco Etal 2014 Plosone.Pdf (1.045Mb)
Using Historical and Experimental Data to Reveal Warming Effects on Ant Assemblages The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Resasco, Julian, Shannon L. Pelini, Katharine L. Stuble, Nathan J. Sanders, Robert R. Dunn, Sarah E. Diamond, Aaron M. Ellison, Nicholas J. Gotelli, and Douglas J. Levey. 2014. “Using Historical and Experimental Data to Reveal Warming Effects on Ant Assemblages.” Edited by Martin Heil. PLoS ONE 9 (2) (February 4): e88029. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0088029. Published Version doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088029 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11857773 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Using Historical and Experimental Data to Reveal Warming Effects on Ant Assemblages Julian Resasco1*†, Shannon L. Pelini2, Katharine L. Stuble 3‡, Nathan J. Sanders3§, Robert R. Dunn4, Sarah E. Diamond4¶, Aaron M. Ellison5, Nicholas J. Gotelli6, Douglas J. Levey7 1Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 2Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA 3Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 4Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA 5Harvard University, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA 01366 USA 6Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA 7National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230, USA † Current address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA ‡ Current address: Oklahoma Biological Survey, 111 E. -
The Mesosomal Anatomy of Myrmecia Nigrocincta Workers and Evolutionary Transformations in Formicidae (Hymeno- Ptera)
7719 (1): – 1 2019 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2019. The mesosomal anatomy of Myrmecia nigrocincta workers and evolutionary transformations in Formicidae (Hymeno- ptera) Si-Pei Liu, Adrian Richter, Alexander Stoessel & Rolf Georg Beutel* Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany; Si-Pei Liu [[email protected]]; Adrian Richter [[email protected]]; Alexander Stößel [[email protected]]; Rolf Georg Beutel [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted on December 07, 2018. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on May 17, 2019. Published in print on June 03, 2019. Editors in charge: Andy Sombke & Klaus-Dieter Klass. Abstract. The mesosomal skeletomuscular system of workers of Myrmecia nigrocincta was examined. A broad spectrum of methods was used, including micro-computed tomography combined with computer-based 3D reconstruction. An optimized combination of advanced techniques not only accelerates the acquisition of high quality anatomical data, but also facilitates a very detailed documentation and vi- sualization. This includes fne surface details, complex confgurations of sclerites, and also internal soft parts, for instance muscles with their precise insertion sites. Myrmeciinae have arguably retained a number of plesiomorphic mesosomal features, even though recent mo- lecular phylogenies do not place them close to the root of ants. Our mapping analyses based on previous morphological studies and recent phylogenies revealed few mesosomal apomorphies linking formicid subgroups. Only fve apomorphies were retrieved for the family, and interestingly three of them are missing in Myrmeciinae. Nevertheless, it is apparent that profound mesosomal transformations took place in the early evolution of ants, especially in the fightless workers. -
Unravelling the Diversity Behind the Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) Complex: Three New Species of Zombie-Ant Fungi from the Brazilian Amazon
Phytotaxa 220 (3): 224–238 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.220.3.2 Unravelling the diversity behind the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis (Ophiocordycipitaceae) complex: Three new species of zombie-ant fungi from the Brazilian Amazon JOÃO P. M. ARAÚJO1*, HARRY C. EVANS2, DAVID M. GEISER3, WILLIAM P. MACKAY4 & DAVID P. HUGHES1, 5* 1 Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. 2 CAB International, E-UK, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom 3 Department of Plant Pathology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, Texas, United States of America. 5 Department of Entomology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America. * email: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract In tropical forests, one of the most commonly encountered relationships between parasites and insects is that between the fungus Ophiocordyceps (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Ascomycota) and ants, especially within the tribe Campono- tini. Here, we describe three newly discovered host-specific species, Ophiocordyceps camponoti-atricipis, O. camponoti- bispinosi and O. camponoti-indiani, on Camponotus ants from the central Amazonian region of Brazil, which can readily be separated using morphological traits, in particular the shape and behavior of the ascospores. DNA sequence data support inclusion of these species within the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex. Introduction In tropical forests, social insects (ants, bees, termites and wasps) are the most abundant land-dwelling arthropods. -
Carpenter Ants Pest D.H
58 FOREST Carpenter Ants Pest D.H. Ruppel LEAFLET Pacific Forestry Centre Fig. 1. Winged adult. Introduction tures, and forage omnivorously in the general area of the colony. Nest building activities may cause serious damage to wood in service. Their presence in houses is a nuisance. Large black ants of genus Camponotus are referred to as carpenter ants. About 20 species are known in North Ants may be discouraged or controlled with proper building 1 America, three of which are common in British Columbia. and sanitary practices. They tunnel in dead and dying trees, or in wooden struc- 1 Camponotus herculeanus modoc Wheeler (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) C. laevigatus (Smith) Wheeler (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) C. vicinus Mayr* Wheeler (Formicidae, Hymenoptera) *vicinus has a reddish thorax. It does not tunnel in wooden structures, it lives in rotting wood. Natural Resources Ressources naturelles Canada Canada Canadian Forest Service Host Carpenter ants are mainly predators, consuming a variety of insects; sugary substances are frequently sought after. They do not consume wood but only excavate nest galleries. Aphids are tended for honeydew or other exu- dations. A number of insects, most frequently a small roach, may live with ants. Description Egg: elongate, elliptical, translucent white; about 0.5 mm (1/64 inch) long. Larva: soft, legless, translucent yellow-white; varying in Fig. 2. Wingless adult. size, depending upon ultimate adult form i.e., male, female, worker; gourd-shaped body. Ants have elbowed antennae, large heads with strong Pupa: creamy-white; in ellipti- mandibles, constrictions between head and thorax and between cal, papery, light-brown thorax and abdomen. -
Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Vicinus Mayr After Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces Polymorphus Kloecker
insects Article Effects on Brood Development in the Carpenter Ant Camponotus vicinus Mayr after Exposure to the Yeast Associate Schwanniomyces polymorphus Kloecker Mark E. Mankowski 1,*, Jeffrey J. Morrell 2 and Patricia K. Lebow 3 1 Forest Products Laboratory Starkville, USDA Forest Service, Starkville, MS 39759, USA 2 Centre Timber Durability and Design Life, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4102, Australia; [email protected] 3 Forest Products Laboratory Madison, USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Carpenter ants are important to ecosystem services as they assist in the breakdown of course woody debris when excavating wood for nests. Feeding on a variety of carbohydrate and protein sources, they have an infrabuccal filter that limits passage of large food particles to their gut. A variety of yeasts have been found associated with the infrabuccal pocket and the nests of these ants. The yeast Schwanniomyces polymorphus is associated with the carpenter ant Camponotus vicinus. To examine a possible nutritional association between this yeast and ant, we reared small sub-colonies of defaunated and non-defaunated C. vincus brood on several artificial diets where various nutritional components were removed. Part of the testing involved exposure of brood to these diets and cells of S. polymorphus. Dietary treatments that were augmented with yeast generally had deleterious Citation: Mankowski, M.E.; Morrell, J.J.; effects on brood development compared to diets without yeast. However, increased brood weight Lebow, P.K. Effects on Brood and increased number of adult ants from initial brood was observed in non-defaunated ants fed a Development in the Carpenter Ant diet where B vitamins and sterols were absent, but augmented with live yeast. -
Effects of House and Landscape Characteristics on the Abundance and Diversity of Perimeter Pests Principal Investigators: Arthur G
Project Final Report presented to: The Pest Management Foundation Board of Trustees Project Title: Effects of house and landscape characteristics on the abundance and diversity of perimeter pests Principal Investigators: Arthur G. Appel and Xing Ping Hu, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University Date: June 17, 2019 Executive Summary: The overall goal of this project was to expand and refine our statistical model that estimates Smokybrown cockroach abundance from house and landscape characteristics to include additional species of cockroaches, several species of ants as well as subterranean termites. The model will correlate pest abundance and diversity with house and landscape characteristics. These results could ultimately be used to better treat and prevent perimeter pest infestations. Since the beginning of the period of performance (August 1, 2017), we have hired two new Master’s students, Patrick Thompson and Gökhan Benk, to assist with the project. Both students will obtain degrees in entomology with a specialization in urban entomology with anticipated graduation dates of summer-fall 2019. We have developed and tested several traps designs for rapidly collecting sweet and protein feeding ants, purchased and modified traps for use during a year of trapping, and have identified species of ants, cockroaches, and termites found around homes in Auburn Alabama. House and landscape characteristics have been measured at 62 single-family homes or independent duplexes. These homes range in age from 7 to 61 years and include the most common different types of siding (brick, metal, stone, vinyl, wood), different numbers/types of yard objects (none to >15, including outbuildings, retaining walls, large ornamental rocks, old trees, compost piles, etc.), and different colors. -
Ecology and Field Biology of Two Dominant Camponotus Ants
JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, 2018 VOL. 52, NOS. 3–4, 237–252 https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1420833 Ecology and field biology of two dominant Camponotus ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Brazilian savannah Mariane U.V. Ronquea, Vincent Fourcassiéb and Paulo S. Oliveira c aPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, C.P. 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; bCentre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, UMR CNRS Nº5169, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France; cDepartamento de Biologia Animal, C.P. 6109, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil Camponotus renggeri and C. rufipes are very abundant in Brazilian ARTICLE HISTORY cerrado savannah, where they feed extensively on liquid rewards Received 23 March 2017 and commonly associate with plants bearing extrafloral nectaries Accepted 5 December 2017 and honeydew-producing insects. Here, we provide a qualitative Online 22 January 2018 and quantitative field account on the natural history and ecology of KEYWORDS these two ant species. The study was carried out in a cerrado Activity schedule; ants; reserve in south-eastern Brazil across a rainy/hot season (summer) cerrado vegetation; nesting and a dry/cold season (winter). The ants were found in two vegeta- habits; home range tion physiognomies: all nests of C. rufipes were located in the cerrado sensu stricto (scrub of shrubs and trees, 3–8 m tall), whereas C. renggeri occurred mostly in the cerradão (forest with more or less merging canopy, 10–12 m tall). Both species nested in fallen or erect dead trunks, as well as underground. -
Fecundity of Ant Queens in Relation to Their Age and the Mode of Colony Founding L
Insectes Sociaux, Paris Masson, Paris, 1990 1990, Volume 37, n ~ 2, pp. 116-130 FECUNDITY OF ANT QUEENS IN RELATION TO THEIR AGE AND THE MODE OF COLONY FOUNDING L. KELLER (1) and L. PASSERA (2) (1) Musde Zoologique, Palais de Rumine, CP 448, 1000 Lausanne 17, Switzerland (2) Laboratoire d'Entomologie, Universitd Paul Sabatier, 118, route de Narbonne, F 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France, U.A. C.N.R.S. 303 Regu le 23 janvier 1989 Accept6 le 15 juin 1989 SUMMARY The change over time in the fecundity and weight of queens was investigated in three monogynous, independent colony founding species, Lasius niger, Camponotus ligniperda and C. herculaneus, and two polygynous dependent colony founding species, Plagiolepis pygmaea and Iridomyrmex humilis. Queens of the three species founding independently exhibited a similar pattern with a significant loss of weight between mating and the emergence of the first workers. In contrast, weights of queens of the species employing dependent colony founding remained more stable. Fecundity of queens founding inde- pendently increased slowly with time whereas fecundity of queens founding dependently reached the maximum level some weeks after the beginning of the first reproductive season. These results are discussed in relation to some differences in the life history (e.g., life-span) between queens utilizing independent and dependent colony founding. RESUME Fdcondit6 des reines de fourmis en relation avec leur &ge et le mode de fondation de la soci6t6 On a 6tud6 dans ce travail les variations en fonction du temps de la f6condit6 et du poids des reines fondatrices de trois esp6ces monogynes h fondation ind6pendante (Lasius niger, Camponotus ligniperda, Camponotus herculeanus) et de deux esp6ces polygynes h fondation d6pendante (Plagiolepis pygmaea et Iridomyrmex humilis). -
Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus Pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption
Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption Colleen A. Cannon Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology Richard D. Fell, Chairman Jeffrey R. Bloomquist Richard E. Keyel Charles Kugler Donald E. Mullins June 12, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: diet, feeding behavior, food, foraging, Formicidae Copyright 1998, Colleen A. Cannon Nutritional Ecology of the Carpenter Ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer): Macronutrient Preference and Particle Consumption Colleen A. Cannon (ABSTRACT) The nutritional ecology of the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) was investigated by examining macronutrient preference and particle consumption in foraging workers. The crops of foragers collected in the field were analyzed for macronutrient content at two-week intervals through the active season. Choice tests were conducted at similar intervals during the active season to determine preference within and between macronutrient groups. Isolated individuals and small social groups were fed fluorescent microspheres in the laboratory to establish the fate of particles ingested by workers of both castes. Under natural conditions, foragers chiefly collected carbohydrate and nitrogenous material. Carbohydrate predominated in the crop and consisted largely of simple sugars. A small amount of glycogen was present. Carbohydrate levels did not vary with time. Lipid levels in the crop were quite low. The level of nitrogen compounds in the crop was approximately half that of carbohydrate, and exhibited seasonal dependence. Peaks in nitrogen foraging occurred in June and September, months associated with the completion of brood rearing in Camponotus. -
Environmental Features Affect Colony Social and Spatial Structure in the Black Carpenter Ant, Camponotus Pennsylvanicus
Ecological Entomology (2011), 36, 62–71 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01245.x Suburban sprawl: environmental features affect colony social and spatial structure in the black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus GRZEGORZ BUCZKOWSKI Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A. Abstract. 1. In social insects, the number of nests that a colony inhabits may have important consequences for colony genetic structure, the number of queens, sex allocation, foraging efficiency, and nestmate recognition. Within the ants, colonies may either occupy a single nest (monodomy) or may be organised into a complex network of nests and trails, a condition known as polydomy. 2. The current study is a large-scale, long-term, comprehensive field examination of various features of colony social and spatial structure in the facultatively polydomous black carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus (DeGeer). The study examined the density, persistence, and the spatiotemporal distribution of colonies across a gradient of land disturbance associated with urban development. The temporal and spatial pattern of nest use was compared between fragmented landscapes where nesting sites were interspersed among human-built structures (urban plots) and less disturbed landscapes with higher tree density (suburban plots). In addition, nesting site fidelity and changes in colony spatial structure were monitored over 7 years. 3. Long-term monitoring and extensive sampling over a large spatial area allowed the first comprehensive insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of colony and population structure in C. pennsylvanicus. A total of 1113 trees were inspected over 233 ha. Camponotus pennsylvanicus were active on 348 of the 1113 trees (31%) and these represented 182 distinct colonies. -
HOUSEHOLD ARTHROPODS Nuisance Household Jean R
2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015 OVERVIEW Guidelines & Principles Groups of pests Public health pests HOUSEHOLD ARTHROPODS Nuisance Household Jean R. Natter Structural pests 2015 2 MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES DETERMINE MANAGEMENT Define the problem Eradicate? Damage? Critter(s)? Control? ID the critter Manage? Pest? Tolerate? Dangerous? (people, pets, or structures?) Did it just stumble indoors? Verify: PNW Insect Management Handbook Appropriate management 3 4 CAPTURE THE CRITTER RECOMMENDATIONS Research-based management EPA says: Pest control materials must be labeled for that purpose * * * * * * * * * * (Common Sense Pest Control) No home remedies 5 6 Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 1 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015 PUBLIC HEALTH: BED BUGS 3/16” Broadly flat, oval Cracks, crevices, & PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS seams (naturephoto.cz.com) Eggs glued in place Blood feeders (Bed Bugs; WSU; FS070E) Bites w/o pain Odor: sweet; acrid Bed Bugs (FS070E) 7 (J. R. Natter) 8 MANAGEMENT: BED BUGS PUBLIC HEALTH: MOSQUITOES Key Points Mattress: Encase or heat Rx Launder bedding, clothes – hot! Pest control company (NY Times) (L & R: University of Missouri; gambusia Stamford University) 9 10 MANAGEMENT: MOSQUITOES PUBLIC HEALTH: FLEAS Key Points Adults on animal Eggs drop off Source reduction Larvae ½” Personal protection w/tan head Mosquito fish (Gambusia), if legal Larvae eat debris Rx for larvae: Bti Pupa “waits” (Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) Nest parasites (University of Illinois) 11 12 Jean R. Natter 2015 Household Pests 2 2015 Household Pests 2/22/2015 MANAGEMENT: FLEAS PUBLIC HEALTH: TICKS Rocky Mountain wood tick Key Points 3-step program Dermacentor species 1. Vacuum often East of Cascades 2. Insect growth regulator (IGR) Immatures feed mostly on carpet & pet’s “nest” on rodents 3.