Plant Archives Volume 20 No. 1, 2020 pp. 1856-1858 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210

STUDY OF SEMIOVATUS (SOWERBY) S. LUNDELL AND NANNF., (1938), A COPROPHILOUS

Ajana M., El Kholfy S., Ouabbou A., Nmichi A., Ouazzani Touhami A., Benkirane R. and Douira A. Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Botany,Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, B.P. 133, Kenitra, Morocco.

Abstract In this study, the macroscopic and microscopic characters of Panaeolus semiovatus (Sowerby) S. Lundell & Nannf., (1938), coprophilous fungus, have been studied and illustrated. Key words: Panaeolus semiovatus, coprophile, Khmisset, Maroc.

Introduction at first (Romagnesi, 1995; Roux, 2006). The spore-print The genus Panaeolus (Fr.) Que., (1872) (Incertae is black to dark brown. The spores are smooth, rough to sedis, , Agaricomycetidae, , warty, thick-walled and have a large and clean germinating Agaricomycotina, , Fungi) is composed of pore (Heim. 1984; Roux. 2006). a relatively small number of species, about twenty-five In this work, the macroscopic and microscopic (Kirk et al., 2008), compared to other genera, which might characters of a coprophilous fungus, Panaeolus suggest that systematic determination of this kind is easy semiovatus, have been described and illustrated. (Bon and Courtecuisse, 2003; Courtecuisse and Duhem, Materials and Methods 2011). Panaeolus species, saprophytes solitary or dispersed in groups on manure and soil (Singer, 1986; Surveys were conducted in Khemisset tray Pegler, 1986), are distinguished by small size (Kaur et (Houderran, Central Plateau Center) to study higher fungi al., 2014). However, some differential characters are in this area. difficult to assess and the keys to systematic, rare, are Specimens of these species were harvested and divergent as to the names and synonyms of the species returned to the laboratory. The macroscopic descriptions (Bon and Courtecuisse, 2003). of the carpophores have focused on the morphological In Morocco, the genus Panaeolus, Basidiomycetes, characters (shape, color, size, appearance...) as well as belonging to the family of , is little studied other peculiarities related to the hat and (smell, (Malençon and Bertault, 1970). It contains coprophilous flavor...). This description is completed by a microscopic species that can appear all year when conditions are description of the spores and sections at the level of the favorable (Gerault, 2005). Representatives of the genus , cuticle, flesh and stipe. The dimensions of Panaeolus are characterized by a hemispherical cap the spores, cystidia, basidia and sometimes sterigmata, conical-convex, smooth fine line or even sometimes are measured via a micrometer wide field 10 × (18mm) cracked, often to appendicular margin remains of the veil at 10 mm scale divided into 100 graduations (0.1 mm). (Boedyn, 1966). The blades are particular, at least at a Microscopic observations were made using an optical certain time of growth, spotted or cloudy, this being due microscope (× 400 magnification). The mounting liquid is to the maturation of the spores which is not done at the tap water. The shape of the spores is obtained from the same time on the whole surface of the blades (Boedyn, calculation of the quotient of Bas, (1969) according to 1966). The flesh is non-deliquescent and the stipe is the following ratio, Q = length (L) / width (l). pruinose, at least at the top, sometimes with fine droplets Species identification was carried out by consulting Ajana M. et al. 1857 the work of Malençon and Bertault, (1970), Romagnesi The cap (2 to 4 cm in diameter) is hemispherical (1995); Gray et al., (1996); Bon and Courtecuisse, then strongly convex in the shape of half-egg as its name (2003); Roux, (2006) and Courtecuisse and Duhem, indicates it upwards and becomes then exploded, white (2007). tanned and slightly viscous. The margin is curved flat, slightly lighter than the hat with remnants of the hymenium Results to form the veil of the ring. The stipe (8 to 12 cm in A single coprophilous species of the genus Panaeolus diameter) is cylindrical, streaked longitudinally long, silver- has been described in this study: white and bulb-shaped at the base. The ring is white, Panaeolus semiovatus (Sowerby) S. Lundell & great, close and permanent. The flesh is whitish, fragile Nannf., (1938). Syn Panoleol ovoid, coprophilous panoleol and low consistency. (Breitenbach and Kranzlinm, 1995; Courtecuisse and Basidia (29.9 × 11.6 m) are hyaline, clavate and Duham, 2011); Panaeolus semiovata (Sow, Fr.) Lundell tetrasporic. The cheilocystids (36.5 × 8.5 m) are hyaline, & Nannf. (Courtecuisse and Duham, 2011), scientific cylindrical and crowned with crystals. Basidiopores (16.65 names formerly used: Annellaria semiovata (With.: Fr.) m × 11.65) are blackish brown in color, elliptical (1.3 Pears and Dennis, (1948); Panaeolus fimiputris (Bull.:

In 2012, five coprophilous species of the genus Panaeolus have been described (Panaeolus ater (JE Lange) Kühner & Romagn, 1953, P. olivaceus FH Møller 1945, P. semiovatus (Sowerby) S. Lundell and Nannf, 1938, P. papilionaceus ( Bull.) 1872 and P.

sphinctrinus (Eng.) 1872). The first three can be considered as new for the Fig. 1: Panaeolus semiovatus; A, B: Cap; C : basidia; D Spores, E : fungal flora of Morocco (N'Douba et al., Cheilocystidia. 2012). 1858 Study of Panaeolus semiovatus (Sowerby) S. Lundell and Nannf., (1938), a coprophilous fungus

Conclusion Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th edn. CABI, Wallingford, UK. Specimens of Panaeolus semiovatus (Sowerby) S. Larouz, B. (2007). Biodiversité fongique du Maroc: Etude des Lundell & Nannf., (1938) are harvested for the first time champignons supérieurs du Moyen Atlas. Thèse de Doctorat. Univ. Ibn Tofail, Fac. Sci. Kénitra, Maroc, 328. in the region of Khémissat (Houderran, Central Plateau Central). This species can be considered as new for the Malençon, G. and R. Bertault (1970). Flore des champignons fungal flora of the central plateau of Khémisset. supérieurs du Maroc Tome I. Trav. Inst. Sci. Rabat., 601. Gerault, A. (2005). Florule évolutive des Basidiomycotina du References Finistère Homobasidiomycètes, Agaricales. Version 2.1., Bas, C. (1969). Morphology and subdivision of Amanita and a 183 p.http://projet.aulnaies.free.fr/Florules/AGARICALES. monograph on its section Lepidella, Persoonia, 5(4): 285- pdfChérifien et Fac. Sci. Rabat, 601 p. 579. N’Douba, A., P., Ouazzani Touhami A., Benkirane R., Zidane L. Boedyn, K. (1966). Les plantes du monde, Tome III : Les plantes et Douira A. (2012). Etude de cinq espèces coprophiles du sans fleurs. Hachette, 385. genre Panaeolus (Fr.) Quélet. dont trois nouvelles pour le Maroc : Panaeolus ater, P. olivaceus et P. semiovatus. Bon, M. and R. Courtecuisse (2003). Clé de détermination du Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, section Sciences genre Panaeolus (Fr.) Quélet. Doc. Mycol., 32: 75-93. de la Vie, n° 34(2): 71-74. Courtecuisse, R. et. Duhem (2000). Guide des champignons de Ouabbou, A., A. El-assfouri, A. Ouazzani Touhami, R. Benkirane France et d’europe, 3eme éd., Delachaux et Niestlé, Paris. and A. Douira (2010). Etude de quelques espèces fongiques Gerault, A. (2005). Florule evolutive des Basidiomycotina du du genre Panaeolus (Fr.) Quélet., dont une nouvelle pour Finistère, (Homobasidiomycetes, Agaricales), Version 2.1., le Maroc: Panaeolus dunensis Bon et Courtecuisse. 183 . Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, section Sciences Gray J., Hiepko P. et Levis P. (1996). Taxonomiche Revision der de la Vie n° 32(2): 47-50. Gattungen Panaeolus und Panarolina. E. Pegler, D.N. (1986). Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bull., 12: 1- Schweizeibart’sche Verlagobuchhandluns. Stuttagart, 149. 514. Heim R. (1984). Champignons d’Europe. Société Fondation Romagnesi, H. (1995). Atlas des champignons d’Europe. Ed. Singer Polignac. Nouvelles Editions Boubée, 680. Bordas, Paris, 290. Kaur, M., H. Kaur and N.A. Malik (2014). Genus Panaeolus: Roux, P. (2006). Mille et un champignons. Edition Roux-Sainte New records from India. Journal on New Biological Sigolène, France, 1223. Reports., 3(1): 52 - 59. Singer, R. (1986). The Agaricales in Modern (4th Kirk, P.M., P.F. Cannon, D.W. Minter and J.A. Stalpers (2008). ed). Sven Koeiltz Scientific Books, Germany.