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The Deserted Settlement at Lix, West Perthshire by Horace Fairhurst

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The Deserted Settlement at Lix, West Perthshire by Horace Fairhurst The Deserted Settlement at Lix, West Perthshire by Horace Fairhurst INTRODUCTION Small clusters of ruined dwellings are scattered widely along the lower slopes of the glens of the Scottish Highlands, and form a characteristic feature of the landscape. The rural depopula- tion whicf o , h these deserted settlement remindera e sar bees ha , n discussed widely, althougl hal popula oftethe too nin r mind forceful evictio tenantrthe n of ruthles yby s landlord earlthe ysin nineteenth century is held to be the simple cause. A complex process is involved, covering many decade witd san h many local variation generae th n so l theme. Rural depopulatio casy an e n i n has been widespread in Britain and Ireland, and the Highlands present in one sense only a regional, if intens eved ean n catastrophic, aspec generaa f o t l problem. In a previous paper, the characteristics and significance of these ruined dwellings have been indicated.1 Briefly, the the arrangement in small clusters or clachans appears to have been associated with the old group farms in which the land was cultivated in run-rig, jointly by the tenants f lif. o e Afte y begaRisine wa th r chango d n t 1745 n gol i e eth , wit organisatioe hth f no peaceful conditions withi Highlande nth witd penetratioe san h th Agrariae ideath w s ne sa f no n Revolution progresse Lowlandse th immediatn n di a s A . e reaction, population glene th - sin n i creased considerably t leasa , t unti earle th l y decade nineteente th f so h century timn i e t eth bu , eliminatio groud ol e p th farms f n o comin e sheeth e , th f pgo farmers evictione attrace th , th d -san growine th tio f no g industria developine th l f centre o soute d th a ghan n si o coloniest d le l al , decline. centuryThi e becomd th sha f district e acuto d th d an e, n ei generaen se whicth y d lb hha been earliest affected. suggestes wa earliee t th I n di r paper thaindividuae th t l building ruinee th n i sd clusters probably belong for the most part to the period of vigorous but unhealthy growth of population perioe inth d betwee generae n th 175 d 0lan decline settin somewhern gi e about 182 r 18300o e Th . need for morphological study of these ruinous clachans in the Highlands is obvious; they offer an opportunity of studying the folk life of the period with few parallels in Western Europe. They may also offer a key to the settlement-morphology of a phase earlier than the short period to which the present ruins appea belongo t r ther undoubtedle fo ,y ar y survival presumee b whaf y so e b tma o dt muca h older tradition. Detail settlemene th f so t patterperioe th r dnfo before 175 remarke 0ar - ably presenscarce th n ei r knowledget statou f eo consideratioa t ,bu Irise th hf no evidenc d ele Proudfoo suggeso t t origin a t thesr nfo e clachan Dare bacr th fa ks ka s Ages,sa Gailed 2an s yha supported this thesis for Scotland.3 At first sight the deserted settlement at Lix seems to have no claims to warrant special study 1 Fairhurst , 'ScottisH. , h Clachans', Scot. Geogr. Mag. 2 Proudfoot . BruceV , , 'Clachan Ireland'n si , Gwerin 76 (1960), 67-76, wit morha e recen (1958-9)t2 discussio, 110-22n ni . Fairhurst, Horace, 'The Archaeolog f Rurao y l 3 Gailey . AlanR , , 'The Evolutio Highlanf no d Rural Settlement in Scotland', Trans. Glasgow Archaeol. Settlement', Scottish Studies 6 (1962), 155-77. Soc. xv (iv) (1968), 139-58. 160 FAIRHURST DESERTEE TH : D SETTLEMEN LIXT TA , WEST PERTHSHIR1 16 | E and in fact it was selected as an average type site, as one of many possible choices.1 The ruins of the houses, although extensive, are nothing like so impressive as those for instance of Tirai in Glen Lochay (NN 527366) Tomtayewef o r no , n near Aberfeld 886503)N y(N . Lix, howeverd ha , been deserted since at least the middle of last century, apart from the three very distinct modern shee thoughs pwa farmst i td thaan , t unnecessary complications migh avoidee b t compares da d with many other similar sites where occupatio lingered latea nha o t r periodn do . Moreovera , preliminary searc broughd hha ligho t existence th t usefua f eo l bod f documentaryo y evidence thin o s little district t musI . emphasisede b t , however, that very littl beed eha n writte thesn no e old Highland settlements; it was not known, for instance, how far back in time the ruined houses could be traced, and the whole investigation was very much of an exploratory nature. muco S h heladvicd pan e have been given fro mano ms y quarters that acknowledgmenn i t questione th f o particularn t I . ou ful s i l , however indebtem a r Gordo I ,M o dt n Petrie whose efforts have made possible this reporpresens it n i t t form undertooe H . k bot large-scale hth e survey, s studentwit e hi hel hth f po s fro e Geographmth y Departmen e Universitth f o t f yo Glasgow lated an ,r plotte smaller-scale dth e plans fro r photographsmai advics Hi comd . ean - searce hels mentsth r documentarhi n p i hfo d an , y evidenc t Registeea r House, Edinburgh, have been invaluable. Dr Bruce Proudfoot, then at Durham University, and my colleague Dr Alan Cultre th Gaileyt a a Folw no , k Museu Northermn i n Ireland, wer greaf eo t personale helth n pi excavation gavd san e much advic encouragement.d ean sincer y McNabr M 2M o et thanke bdu e sar for permission to excavate, to the tenants of Lix, Mr Campbell and Mr Willison, for their kind- nespatiencd s an Doloreo t d e an wit , s hMcBridus Michaed ean l care Wooskild th e an n r li dfo preparin plane g th publicationr sfo Maclnner M .r Imri D t Registed ea san r House gav evers eu y facilit theid yan r invaluable guidance. Finally pleasura s i t i , recoro et d that this wor whola s ka e has been made possible by the generous financial assistance of the Court of the University of Glasgow during three season fielf so dothe n i wor d r kan subsequen t visit Lixo st . GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS' Situation and limits place-name Th e accordin Watsongo t Anglicisen a s 2i d plura Gaelia f lo c word lie,dative th e of leac, meaning a flagstone or hard slope. The latter interpretation seems appropriate in view of the steep sid f Gleeo n Dochart which overlook name sitee mans th Th .e ha y variante th n si records such as Licks, Lycks, Leeks, Leaks, and a very early example Lik, in the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland for 1573. The latter might be significant as indicating an older singular form in use before the Anglicised plural, while the district was still a simple unit. presentt A , three sheep farms carr name yth Easts ea , Middl Wesd ean t Lix firse ;th t belongs to Mr McNabb and is worked as part of the larger farm of Acharn to the east; the other two are in the possession of the Earl of Dundee. This division of ownership is scarcely twenty years old and previousl beed ha n e Breadalban x th par yLi f o t e Estate. Befor mid-eighteente th e h century, however, it was a small independent barony comprising the three farms. districe Th t lies withi parise nth Killinf ho , thre villageee wese mile th land e th f o to Th st .s of Lix stretch from the River Dochart up to the watershed with the Earn drainage some three miles away to the south (fig. 1, PI. 19a). The boundaries to east and west are marked only by small burns so that the old barony was not a naturally demarcated unit. Through the middle preliminarA y discussion appeare n Fairhursti d , Watson , 'ThJ. e W Plac, e Name f Breadalbane'so , 1 Horac Petried ean , Gordon, 'Scottish Clachan : II s Trans.2 Gaelic Soc. Inverness xxxiv (1927-8), 248-79. Rosal'd an x , Li Scot. Geogr. Mag. (1964)0 8 , 150-63. 16 | 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1968-9 LI - XLOCATIO N —W >—• 1 S ! GLASGOW KEY Military Road 2O miles =3 3O kilometres FIG. 1. Lix: location. flows a larger river, the Allt Lairig Cheile, coming down from the south and draining a loch in a steep-sided pass over to Glen Ogle. Place T-junctioe th t da n where this routeway fro soute m th Glea hvi n Ogle join broae sth d east-west corrido Tay-Docharte th f ro strategia t appearx a e Li , b co st centr thin ei se parth f o t Highlands. Main roads railwaa , higd yan h tension cable l cros sal groun e sth e dth todayn i d an , pas actet t i nodaa s da l poin communicationr t fo higo exposed to han s develowa o d t t i t a sbu s p a population centre as against Killin (fig.
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