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Descriptions of Four New Species of Struthoscelis Meyrick (Lepidoptera

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Descriptions of Four New Species of Struthoscelis Meyrick (Lepidoptera Descriptions of Four New Species of Struthoscelis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae: Oecophorinae), One from Area De Conservación Guanacaste, Northwestern Costa Rica, Providing the First Known Biology for the Genus, and Discovery of a Novel Wing Morphology in Males Author(s): Mark A. Metz, Daniel H. Janzen and Winnie Hallwachs Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119(3):442-458. Published By: Entomological Society of Washington https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.3.442 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.4289/0013-8797.119.3.442 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 119(3), 2017, pp. 442–458 DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW SPECIES OF STRUTHOSCELIS MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE: OECOPHORINAE), ONE FROM AREA DE CONSERVACION GUANACASTE, NORTHWESTERN COSTA RICA, PROVIDING THE FIRST KNOWN BIOLOGY FOR THE GENUS, AND DISCOVERY OF A NOVEL WING MORPHOLOGY IN MALES urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0773E61E-43E9-4A75-ACD0-8BDCEE87A323 MARK A. METZ,DANIEL H. JANZEN, AND WINNIE HALLWACHS (MAM) Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, c/o National Museum Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0168, USA; (DHJ, WH) Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA (MAM) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:221F8E40-12DA-43AD-85B2-E7BFF46C07C3 (DHJ) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4491369A-CFA6-4614-AC09-1137CCD06F9A (WH) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:68F37FFD-B6AB-49AD-A1AD-1C84B2FB94C9 Abstract.—We describe and illustrate four new species of Struthoscelis: S. christianafigueresae new species, from Costa Rica; S. davisorum new species, from Costa Rica; S. konia new species, from Peru; and S. solamarita new species, from Venezuela. We report the first known biology for a species of Struthoscelis and revisit the generic diagnosis based on newly discovered morphology including a novel structure in the male forewing. We provide comparative illustrations of all new species and of the male genitalia of S. semiotarsa Meyrick, 1916. Key Words: Apanteles leonelgarayi, barcode, Braconidae, COI, Microgastrinae, orchid herbivore, Sobralia chrysostoma, Sobralia mucronota DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.119.3.442 Edward Meyrick (1913) described the and exceptionally long hindtibia and oecophorid genus Struthoscelis for metatarsi and long, white and brown a single species, Struthoscelis acroba- scales reminiscent of a displaying os- tica Meyrick, 1913, represented by two trich (Fig. 1). Three years later, Meyrick males in his personal collection from (1916) described a second species, Chanchamayo Province, Peru. He did Struthoscelis semiotarsa Meyrick, 1916, not provide an etymology, but he seems based on two males from Rio Maroni, to have likened the species to an ostrich French Guiana. These two species (struthio L. = ostrich + skelos Gr. = leg). comprised the entire diversity of the Indeed, the species has a diagnostically genus for the last 100 years. VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 443 Fig. 1. Live specimen of an unknown species of Struthoscelis at light in Braulio Carrillo National Park, Costa Rica, 500 m elevation. As part of an ongoing systematic material in two museum collections. This treatment of the Lepidoptera of Area de treatment expands the known fauna to six Conservacio´n Guanacaste (ACG) in species and is the first report of biological northwestern Costa Rica (Burns and information for any species of Strutho- Janzen 1999; Burns and Janzen 2001; scelis. We also describe a novel feature Hebert et al. 2004; Burns and Janzen of wing morphology of these species in- 2005a, 2005b; Hajibabaei et al. 2006; cluding a previously unreported secondary Burns et al. 2007; Burns et al. 2008; sexual character in the forewing of the Burns et al. 2009; Janzen et al. 2009; males. In addition, we provide the first Solis et al. 2009; Burns et al. 2010A, description of female Struthoscelis. 2010b; Janzen and Hallwachs 2011; We follow the current classification Janzen et al. 2011; Bristow et al. 2012; for the family Oecophoridae and sub- Brown et al. 2013; Bertrand et al. 2014; family Oecophorinae (Hodges 1974, Brown et al. 2014; Grishin et al. 2014; 1998; Heikkila¨ 2014) and the placement Phillips-Rodriguez et al. 2014; Grishin of Struthoscelis in Oecophorini in the et al. 2015; Sourakov et al. 2015; Heikkila¨ checklist of Neotropical Lepidoptera et al. 2017), we recognized a new species (Becker 1984). All of the species in the of Struthoscelis reared from larvae feed- genus lack spines on the tergites, have ing on two species of orchids in the genus a beak-like uncus and gnathos, and the Sobralia (Orchidaceae). MAM also lo- gnathos is broadly attached to the tegu- cated three more novel species repre- men (“fused”) with a finely denticulate sented by few specimens from unidentified upper surface near the apex. The valvae 444 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON are simple with a costal process and information can be retrieved using the a saccular process, and the juxta is sample ID numbers (nn-SRNP-nnnnn). membranous, with the lateral arms Sequence data were obtained from the prominent and setose (Figs. 8–11). 5’ terminus of the COI gene amplified using standard primers (LepF1–LepR1) MATERIALS AND METHODS following established protocols (Ivanova Parataxonomists collected larvae as et al. 2006). We include the BOLD Bar- part of the ongoing inventory of the code Index Number (BIN) (Ratnasingham caterpillars of ACG and their host plants and Hebert 2013) with the ACG species (Janzen and Hallwachs 2011, 2016). description, as well as the individual in- Additional information about specimens ventory voucher codes (nn-SRNP-nnnn) can be found in online databases: ACG for the specimens. inventory (Janzen and Hallwachs 2017; indexed by the unique identifier nn- RESULTS SRNP-nnnnn or DHJPARnnnnnnn) and There were very few specimens for the USNM Department of Entomology study, even among the reared species. Collections (http://collections.nmnh.si. Initially, MAM embarked on measure- edu/search/ento/; indexed by the unique ments of the hindlegs but determined identifier USNMENTnnnnnnnn). MAM there was no appreciable difference in dissected and prepared genitalia from lengths among species with specimens pinned specimens following the methods that still had hind legs. In the USNM of Clarke (1941) and Robinson (1976); there is one specimen of S. acrobatica took measurements with an ocular mi- with labels indicating it was part of the crometer from the left side of the Meyrick collection and compared by specimen when possible; and used a Vi- J. F. G. Clarke to the type and three sionary Digital imaging station for specimens of S. semiotarsa, one of photographs and the GIMP for photo- which has identical collecting labels as editing. MAM and Elisabeth P. Roberts the holotype. In addition, images from created other digital illustrations using Clarke (1963) of the holotype of S. the vector graphics application Inkscape semiotarsa compare well with the male and digital photographs as guides. Mor- specimen at USNM (Fig. 11). MAM also phological terms follow Hodges (1974, “browsed” putatively closely-related 1998) and Kristensen (2003). MAM Neotropical species from other genera used Brown (1978) to source roots and but could not find any taxa with similar stems for etymologies and composition wing or phallus morphology. of new taxon names. We use the fol- lowing museum acronyms: CUIC, Cor- Struthoscelis Meyrick, 1913: 177 nell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, N.Y., U.S.A.; USNM, National Museum Type species: Struthoscelis acroba- of Natural History, Washington D.C., tica Meyrick, 1913: 177, by monotypy, U.S.A.; and we indicate holotype de- type locality Peru, Chanchamayo. position for each species. Diagnosis.—Species of Struthoscelis DHJ and WH submitted a single leg are mostly white-scaled with an in- from each specimen to the Biodiversity distinct forewing pattern; have dispro- Institute of Ontario, Guelph University, portionately long hindlegs compared to for DNA barcoding (Ratnasingham and other gelechioids; and the tibiae and basal Hebert 2007), where all sequence-based tarsomeres have erect, long, lanceolate VOLUME 119, NUMBER 3 445 scales directed dorsally forming a bushy This may be the case, but we reserve mass (Fig. 1). Meyrick (1913) originally comment until further data are available. reported that the type species had ocelli, The legs are covered with appressed, but this seems to be inaccurate as none of ovoid scales. The phallus of three of the the specimens we examined had ocelli. new species is distinct in having ventro- The head is smoothly rounded, not pro- lateral extensions, similar in appearance truding anteriorly, and the scales on the to pectoral fins of a shark or dolphin with frons are depressed in the middle. The species-specific rough or denticulate scape is flattened and lacks a pecten; the texture at the apex. male flagellomeres have dense, semi- erect golden setae ventrally; and the Struthoscelis christianafigueresae Metz, antennal flagellomeres are filiform. The new species labial palpus is rough-scaled on the first urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F2DC8A9E- two segments with the ventral and apical ACCC-482F-9166-90FF7C83B151 scales on the second segment as long as (Figs. 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 14–17) the segment is wide.
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