•
Congres mondial de l'urbanisme rurbanisation durable
31/1 xxT1(R) La Societe canadienne d'hypotheques et de logement felicite l'lnstitut canadien des urbanistes d'encourager le recours a des methodes en conception de quartiers et en amenagement du territoire qui reduisent les co0ts de meme que les repercussions sur l'environnement. Nous souhaitons de vous rencontrer au Congres ICU/OUQ de 2007, qui se tiendra sous le theme « Vision d'avenir : l'urbanisme face aux grands changements ».
En tant qu'organisme national responsable de !'habitation, la SCHL effectue des recherches. Elle fournit egalement des outils d'information et des etudes de cas sur les pratiques exemplaires en matiere de planification de collectivites durables, de densification residentielle et de reamenagement de terrains contamines ou sous-utilises a des fins d'habitation.
Depuis plus de 60 ans, la Societe canadienne d'hypotheques et de logement (SCHL) est l' organisme national responsable de !'habitation au Canada, et e ll e offre des renseignements objectifs et fiables en la matiere.
Pour obtenir d'autres renseignements, communiquez avec la SCHL au I 800 668-2642 ou visitez www.schl.ca
Canada AU CCEUR DE L.:HABITATION Plan Canada is the official publication of: CIP NATIONAL COUNCIL - 2006 Canadian Institute of Planners CONSEIL NATIONAL DE l!ICU - 2006 Plan Canada est le journal officiel de : Christopher J. Leach, MCIP lnstitut canadien des urbanistes Contents I Sommaire 116 rue Albert Street - Suite 80 I President/President Ottawa. ON KIP SG3 Blake Hudema, MA, MCIP Telffel.: (800) 207-2138 (613) 237-7526 Vice-President/Vice-president A Word from the President Fax/Telec.: (613) 237-7045 Hudema Consulting Group Limited www.cip-icu.ca Elaine Mitchell, MCIP [email protected] Atlantic Planners Institute/ Plan Canada is published quarterly: March. June, lnstitut des urbanistes de l'Atlantique Le mot du President September, November. All rights reserved. Robert Chicoine, MICU, OUQ Reproduction in whole or in part without the Ordre des urbanistes du Quebec expressed permission of CIP is strictly forbidden. From the Senior Editor Articles contained herein do not necessarily Wayne Caldwell, MCIP, RPP represent the views of the Canadian Institute Ontario Professional Planners Institute/ of Planners. lnstitut des planificateurs de !'Ontario Plan Canada parait quatre fois par annee, en mars, Donavan Toews, MCIP Le mot du redaeteur principal en juin, en septembre et en novembre.Tous droits Manitoba Professional Planners Institute reserves. La reproduction en tout ou en partie de Robert Bjerke, MCIP, PPS cette publication sans le consentement ecrit de Association of Professional Community Planners CIP News I Echos de /'ICU !'ICU est strictement interdite. Les articles publies of Saskatchewan dans ce journal ne refletent pas necessairement le point de vue de l'lnstitut canadien des urbanistes. Wayne Jackson, MCIP,ACP Alberta Association Canadian Institute of Planners Senior Editor/Redacteur principal Reinventing Planning:A New Governance Paradigm Chris Sholberg, MCIP Michael Gordon, MCIP (250) 755-4472, [email protected] Planning Institute of British Columbia for Managing Human Settlements Editorial Board/Comite de redaction Jeremy Murphy A Position Paper developing themes from the Dra~ Mark Seasons, PhD, MCIP, RPP Student Representative/Representante des etudiants (Chair/president) David Amborski, MCIP, RPP Vancouver Declaration (or debate leading into the World (519) 888-4567 Ext. 5922. Association of Canadian University Planning Planners Congress, Vancouver I 7-20 June 2006 [email protected] Programs/Association universitaire canadienne Jill Grant, MCIP des programmes en urbanisme et amenagement (902) 494-6586, [email protected] Gary Davidson, MCIP, RPP From Brown to Green to Gold Cathy Ascroft, MCIP Fellows Representative (non-voting)/ The Westin Bayshore Story (403)268-3604, [email protected] Representante des fellows by Michael Geller Chris Sholberg, MCIP Steven Brasier, CAE (250) 755-4472. [email protected] Executive Director/Directeur general (ex-officio) Patrick Deoux, MICU, OUQ, RPP Christine Helm Planning for Food - Canada and Australia [email protected] Manager, Member Services and Administration/ by Jim LeMaistre and Karen Thomas Chantal Laliberte, MICU, OUQ Responsible des services aux membres et a (450) 471-9576 !'administration Planning for Wildfire [email protected] Kira Pejemsky Steven Brasier, CAE Program Coordinator Communications/ by Greg Hofmann and Russell Dauk CIP Executive Director (ex officio) Coordinatrice des communications (800) 207-2138 or (613) 237-7526 Elaine Hamelin Fostering Disaster Resilience through Addressing [email protected] Administrative Assisstant, Member Services/ Contributing Editors/Redacteurs associes Adjointe administrative, Services aux membres Infrastructure Interdependencies Book Reviews/Recension des livres Julie Lanois by Stephanie Chang, Timothy McDaniels, Holly Longstaff Deborah Jensen Receptionist/RE!ceptionniste (250) 755-4429, [email protected] and Sarah Wilmot Urban Design/Design urbain Mark Seasons, PhD, MCIP, RPP CIP is a member of the Commonwealth Delivering Liveable Communities: [email protected] Association of Planners. Managing Editor/Directrice de la redaction L'ICU est membre de !'Association des urbanistes Brownfield Redevelopment for Housing Michelle Garneau du Commonwealth. by Cynthia Rattle (450) 691-9515 fax: (450) 699-8869 Subscription Rates (2006) [email protected] Abonnement annuel (2006) Progress in Implementing Smart Growth in the Copy Editor/Revision Regular/Regulier : 65 $ CDN Patricia Brown US & Foreign/Etats-Unis et etranger: 80 $ Greater Vancouver Regional District Graphic Design/Conception graphique Legal Deposit/Depot legal by Cheeying Ho Jacques Poisson National Library of Canada Assistant Editor/Redactrice adjointe Bibliotheque nationale du Canada Kathleen Makenbach Bibliotheque nationale du Quebec Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Needed by Translation/Traduction Community Designers Fran~oise Guyot/Pierre-Paul Smith by Sheri Blake Plan Canada is published for The Canadian Institute of Planners by: Plan Canada est publie au nom de Demonstrating Integrated Approaches to l'lnstitut canadien des urbanistes par : Sustainable Urban Transportation McCormick & Associates 9 St¾ Avenue by David Macisaac Chateauguay. QC J6K 3LS Telrfel.:(450) 691-9515 Fax/T elec.: (450) 699-8869 '] The Failure of Shopping Malls as a Tool of Downtown Email/couriel: [email protected] /' Revitalization in Mid-Size Urban Areas Advertising/Publicite Michelle Garneau by Pierre Filion and Karen Hammond McCormick & Associates Publications Mail/Registration #/n° de Academic Nexus publication/distribution postale : 400 I0080 Planners for Tomorrow (P4T): Student Perspectives Mail undeliverable to Canadian addresses should be returned to Plan Canada and subscriptions & on the Future of Planning in Canada back issues or members who have not received by Tony Dorcey, Samara Brock and Luke Sales their copy of Plan Canada should contact: Priere de retourner le courrier non livrable a Plan Canada. Pour !es abonnements, les numeros The Learning Curve antt?rieurs ou en cas de non-reception d'un C-ANADJAN JNSTITUT£ OF My Definition numero de Plan Canada, priere de s'adresser a: PLANNERS Canadian Institute of Planners/ by Jeremy Murphy INSITIUTCANADlEN- DF.5 lnstitut canadien des urbanistes l1R1IANIS1ES 116 rue Albert Street - Suite 80 I L'acquisition du savoir Ottawa.ON KIP SG3 Ma definition Canadian Institute of Planners - Abstracted in the Journal of Planning Literature. l:I)\ This publication is printed on Recycled paper. par Jeremy Murphy lnstitut canadien des urbanistes ~ Cette publication est imprimee sur papier recycle. Abrege dans le Journal of Planning literature. Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 -- A WORD FROM THE PRESIDENT
his issue of Plan Canada focuses on the 2006 CIP National Conference held in Vancouver TJune I 7th to 20'\ With over 1,200 delegates from 37 countries attending, the World Planners Congress (WPC) was truly a once-in-a career event, especially when combined with Super Saturday activities on the I 7th and the UN-HABITAT's World Urban Forum 3 from June 19th to 23'd. The keynote speakers were brilliant - provoking and challenging the planning profession to dedicate ourselves to tackling the challenges of rapid urbanism, the urbanization of poverty, and the hazards posed by climate change and natural disasters. The Vancouver Declaration 2006 signed at the WPC by CIP and 17 other professional planning associations from around the world is our commitment to work together as custodians of the planet to address these challenges in support of sustainable urbanism. The Conference Organizing Committee, chaired by CIPVice President Blake Hudema and Past CIP President Ron Shishido, is to be congratulated for its hard work in coordinating efforts with our global partners and the UN-HABITAT. Thank you for a job well done! As noted in a previous column, CIP has embarked on a comprehensive review of our membership standards and processes. Here is an update on our progress to date. Our profession is unique in that we, in collaboration with the Affiliates, establish and maintain national standards related to certification, accreditation, ethical practice and continuing professional learning. This is the single most important core service provided by our profession to its members. Our membership standards and processes have not been substantially reviewed since the mid- I 980s. The National/Affiliate Membership Committee determined that it was time to look at what it would take to be a "state of the art" professional association, and if necessary, "raise the bar" to strengthen the profession. Some areas needing to be addressed include: provincial regulatory influences on membership criteria; consistency with the Agreement on Internal Trade and portability of membership; consistent application of membership requirements; criteria for degree recognition; procedures for foreign applicants; role of the CIP National Discipline Committee; and appropriateness and timeliness of processes. The CIP Membership Continuous Improvement Project is now underway.An external consultant was engaged to conduct an arms' -length and independent review of membership standards and processes. Jim Pealow, Managing Partner of Association Management Consulting & Evaluation Services (AMCES) was the consultant retained to undertake this project.Jim has extensive experience in this field. To date, the consultant has reviewed CIP by-laws, minutes, plans, policies, manuals, procedures, programs and services, reports, and other relevant material; reviewed the CIP and Affiliate web sites; reviewed membership policy and processes activity at the National and Affiliate levels; and gathered information on the latest trends and practices related to the profession. Discussions were also held with the National Membership Committee, National Council,Affiliate Presidents, Committee Chairs, Registrars and senior CIP and Affiliate staff. The report prepared by the consultant, in consultation with the National/Affiliate Membership Committee addresses the following key membership standards for a professional association: National Standards; Competency; Certification; Ethical Practice;Accreditation; Reciprocity and Non-Residents; Legislation; and Membership. Each section provides an overview of the current situation and then identifies a preferred future or a new horizon, and is supported with recommendations to close the gap between the current situation and the new horizon. Recommendations follow, with information on possible supportive activities, internal linkages, timelines and performance indicators. Affiliate Councils and Affiliate Membership Committees have been asked to review the recommendations in the report and provide an indication if they are in agreement in principal with the recommendations. If there is consensus to proceed, appropriate development and implementation groups will be established. Additional information on the CIP Membership Continuous Improvement Project is available on Chris Leach, MCIP the CIP web site in a summary report titled Improvements to Professional Standards are on the C/P President Horizon, and a full copy of the consultant's report is also available for review by members on the Members Only page.
IIIIIIIDIIII Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 LE MOT DU PRESIDENT •
e numero de Plan Canada est consacree au congres de l'ICU de 2006 qui s'est deroule a Vancouver Cdu 17 au 20 juin dernier. Ce Congres mondial de l'urbanisme, qui a attire plus de I 200 delegues de 37 pays, etait veritablement l'evenement d'une carriere, surtout combine aux activites du « super samedi » le 17 juin et au Forum urbain mondial de l'ONU-HABITAT, tenu du 19 au 23 juin. Les conferenciers principaux ont ete brillants - mettant les urbanistes au defi de s'engager a faire front aux problemes associes a un urbanisme rapide, a la pauvrete urbaine et aux risques poses par les changements climatiques et les catastrophes naturelles. La declaration de Vancouver 2006, ratifiee par l'ICU et 17 autres associations professionnelles d'urbanistes de tous les coins du monde lors du Congres mondial de l'urbanisme, constitue notre engagement a travailler ensemble, a titre de gardiens de la planete, pour relever ces defis et appuyer l'urbanisme durable. Nous devons tirer notre chapeau au comite organisateur du Congres, preside par Blake Hudema, vice-president de l'ICU, et par Ron Shishido, president sortant de l'ICU, qui a travaille d'arrache-pied pour coordonner nos efforts avec ceux de nos partenaires a l'etranger et de l'ONU-HABITAT. Bravo et merci! Tel que signale dans un numero precedent, l'ICU a entrepris un examen complet de ses normes et processus en matiere d'admission.Voici ou nous en sommes rendus. La profession d'urbaniste est unique en ce que l'ICU, en collaboration avec ses organismes affilies, definit et applique des normes nationales en matiere d'homologation, d'agrement, de pratique ethique et de formation professionnelle continue. II s'agit la du service de base le plus important que nous fournissons a nos membres. Or, le dernier examen attentif de nos normes et processus en matiere d'admission remonte au milieu des annees 1980. Le comite responsable des admissions a decide que le moment etait venu de se pencher sur la forme que prendrait une association professionnelle « a la fine pointe » et, au besoin, de relever la barre afin de cimenter la profession. Divers domaines exigeaient un suivi, entre autres !'influence de la reglementation provinciale sur les criteres d'admission, la concordance avec l'Accord sur le commerce interieur et la transferabilite du statut de membre, !'application uniforme des conditions d'admission, les criteres de reconnaissance des diplomes, les procedures visant les candidats etrangers, le role du comite disciplinaire national de l'ICU et la pertinence et l'actualite des processus. Le projet d'amelioration continu des modalites d'admission a l'ICU est en cours. Un consultant externe, en !'occurrence Jim Pealow, directeur associe de Association Management Consulting & Evaluation Services (AMCES), a ete engage et charge d'effectuer un examen autonome et independant des normes et processus d'admission de l'ICU. Jim a une longue experience en la matiere. Jusqu'a present, ii a epluche les reglements de l'ICU ainsi que ses proces-verbaux, plans, politiques, manuels, procedures, programmes et services, rapports et autres documents connexes. II a visite les sites Web de l'lnstitut et des organismes affilies. II a passe en revue les activites associees a la politique et aux processus d'admission a !'echelon national et a celui des affilies et ii a reuni de !'information sur les tendances et les pratiques les plus recentes dans la profession. II s'est entretenu avec le comite national des admissions, le conseil national, les presidents des organismes affilies, les presidents des comites, les preposes au registre et les cadres superieurs de l'ICU et des organismes affilies. Le rapport du consultant, prepare en consultation avec le comite responsable des admissions, rend compte des normes d'admission suivantes, essentielles a une association professionnelle : normes nationales, competence, homologation, pratique morale, agrement, reciprocite et non-residents, legislation, et admission. Chaque section presente un survol de la situation actuelle avant d'exposer !'orientation souhaitable, avec des recommandations visant a combler l'ecart entre la situation actuelle et !'horizon souhaite. Des recommandations suivent et sont completees par de !'information sur d'eventuelles activites de soutien, des liens internes, des echeanciers et des mesures de rendement. On a demande aux conseils et aux comites des admissions des organismes affilies de passer en revue les recommandations contenues dans le rapport et d'indiquer s'ils en conviennent en principe. Si le consensus est d'aller de l'avant, des groupes de developpement et de mise en reuvre seront crees. Le site Web de l'ICU contient d'autres renseignements sur le projet d'amelioration continu des modalites d'admission a l'ICU, sous forme d'un rapport sommaire intitule Improvements to Professional Standards are on the Horizon. Les membres trouveront aussi, a la section qui leur est reservee, la version integrale du Chris Leach, MICU rapport du consultant. • President de /'ICU
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Chris Sholberg, MCIP A Conference
his year's CIP conference in Vancouver, B.C. was different.The mechanics of the World Planners TCongress were familiar; as usual, the content was focused on issues of relevance and importance to Canadian planners - in this case, sustainable urbanization. But there was a key difference ... one which clearly emanated from the conference's international focus and connection with the contiguous World Urban Forum.This initiative of the United Nation's Human Settlements Program (HABITAT) is held every two years as governments, local authorities, non-governmental organizations and other experts on urban issues from around the world gather to discuss the challenges of urbanization. The overlap between the two events was perhaps best represented by the keynote speakers, who gave articulate, and in some cases passionate, presentations about sustainability and the planner's role in the world. Particularly memorable were the speeches by Dr.Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka, Under-Secretary General and Executive Director of the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (HABITAT), and Stephen Lewis, UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa. In fact, Mr. Lewis' plea for action to planners around the world hit a particularly responsive cord from many who heard his speech. Unfortunately, due to time constraints, we were not able to include the speech in this issue but hope to feature an adapted version of the speech in a future issue of Plan Canada or at the very least, on Cl P's web site. Stay tuned. Uniquely, the conference was also about declarations and taking stands. In particular, the "Vancouver Declaration", a very important document endorsed at the conference, is included in this issue. A related position paper, endorsed by a number of international planning associations as well as the Canadian Institute of Planning, entitled "Reinventing Planning:A New Governance Paradigm for Managing Human Settlements" is also included in this issue. Taken together, these documents raise a very compelling call for action "to tackle the challenges of rapid urbanization, the urbanization of poverty and the hazards posed by climate change and natural disasters." The primary purpose of this issue is to provide a flavour of the conference's content and the ideas shared. To do this, a series of select articles are included, which form a representative sample of the sessions provided under the Conference's four sub-themes:
Chris Sholberg, MCIP, is a planner with the City of Nanaimo, where his primary responsibilities focus on heritage and neighbourhood planning. He can be reached at: [email protected]
~ Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 with a Difference
Under the sub-theme "Planning for More with Less - Planning for the Basics", Michael Geller relates how the Westin Bayshore Resort and Marina, location of the Conference, was reclaimed from an industrial site. Jim LeMaistre and Karen Thomas provide a summary of a conference session and seminar devoted to agricultural and food system planning, and their importance to community sustainability in Canada and Australia.
Under the sub-theme "Planning for the Unplanned - the Natural World and the Unexpected", Greg Hofmann and Russ Dauk call for a re-evaluation of past methods of planning for and fighting wildfires on the wild land urban interface. Stephanie Chang, Timothy McDaniels, Holly Longstaff, and Sarah Wilmot make a compelling argument for why disaster management planning must recognize and plan for infrastructure failure interdependencies.
Cynthia Rattle reports on a recent CMHC study examining the progress that has been made in Canada addressing the challenges facing residential brownfield redevelopment, under the sub-theme "Planning for Creative Change - Diversity and Social Change". Under the sub-theme "Planning Connects - Governance, Process and Professionalism", Cheeying Ho outlines why the Greater Vancouver Regional District is a leader in Smart Growth implementation. Sheri Blake identifies the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to be an effective community designer. David Macisaac provides an overview of Transport Canada's Urban Transportation Showcase Program, and the cities across Canada that are demonstrating the effectiveness and the challenge of integrating sustainable transportation options. In addition to the conference-based articles, an article under our semi-regular "Academic Nexus" heading reports on the efforts of students from USC's School of Community and Regional Planning to articulate for the World Planners Congress and the World Urban Forum what sort of knowledge, skills and attitudes will be required by future planners around the world. Finally, as a special feature unrelated to the Conference, Pierre Filion and Karen Hammond demonstrate why shopping malls have not been a god-send for downtown revitalization in mid-size urban areas. I would like to end on a personal note. My term of service on the Plan Canada editorial board wraps up this year. For me the experience has been very positive and intellectually rewarding. I think it goes without saying that the Canadian Institute of Planners is only as strong as its members' commitment to the organization. One of the best ways we can demonstrate this commitment is by actively volunteering and participating in the organization to further the lnstitute's goals and objectives on behalf of all its members. I would encourage you to contact your provincial affiliate's office or the CIP head office to find out how you can become involved. •
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 -- Chris Sholberg, MICU Un congres hors
e congres de l'ICU, qui s'est deroule aVancouver (C.-B.) plus tot cette annee, s'est distingue de Lses predecesseurs. Les rouages du Congres mondial de l'urbanisme etaient familiers : comme d'habitude, le contenu abordait des questions qui importent aux urbanistes canadiens - en !'occurrence !'urbanisation durable. II y avait cependant une grande difference, qui decoulait manifestement de l'accent international du congres et de son association avec le Forum urbain mondial qui a eu lieu au meme moment. Cette initiative du Programme des Nations Unies pour les etablissements humains (HABITAT) a lieu tous les deux ans pour permettre aux gouvernements, aux autorites locales, a des organisations non gouvernementales et a d'autres experts en urbanisme du monde entier de se reunir pour discuter des enjeux de !'urbanisation.
Le chevauchement entre les deux rencontres est peut-etre le mieux represente par les conferenciers principaux qui ont prononce des allocutions eloquentes, voire passionnees, sur le developpement durable et le role de l'urbaniste dans le monde. Les discours de Mm• Anna Kajumulo Tibaijuka, secretaire generale adjointe et directrice generale du Programme des Nations Unies pour les etablissements humains (HABITAT), et de M. Stephen Lewis, envoye special des Nations Unies pour le VIH/SIDA en Afrique, ont ete memorables. En fait, l'appel a l'action que M. Lewis a lance aux urbanistes du monde entier a fait vibrer une corde particuliere chez bon nombre des gens qui l'ont entendu. Malheureusement, faute de temps, nous n'avons pu reproduire ses propos dans ce numero, mais nous esperons en publier une version adaptee dans un prochain numero de Plan Canada ou, a tout le moins, dans le site Web de l'ICU. C'est un dossier a suivre. Le congres s'est distingue par des declarations et des prises de position, notamment la declaration de Vancouver, un document de dont !'adoption a ponctue le congres et qui est repris dans ces pages, tout comme un enonce de position connexe intitule « Reinventing Planning:A New Governance Paradigm for Managing Human Settlements » qui a ete enterine par plusieurs associations internationales d'urbanisme et par l'ICU. Conjointement, ces documents exhortent les urbanistes a relever les defis poses par !'urbanisation rapide, la pauvrete urbaine et les risques lies aux changements climatiques et aux catastrophes naturelles. Le present numero vise avant tout a donner un aper~u du contenu du congres et des idees qui y ont ete echangees. A cette fin, ii contient des articles choisis, representatifs des seances consacrees a chacun des quatre themes secondaires du congres.
Dans le volet « Faire plus avec moins », Michael Geller explique comment le centre Westin Bayshore Resort and Marina, ou a eu lieu le congres, est construit sur un ancien site industriel rehabilite. Jim LeMaistre et Karen Thomas resument une seance et un colloque sur la planification de !'agriculture et les systemes alimentaires et sur leur importance au Canada et en Australie, au regard de la durabilite des collectivites.
Pour le sous-theme « Prevoir l'imprevu - le monde naturel et l'inattendu », Greg Hofmann et Russ Daul< parlent de la remise en cause des anciennes methodes de preparation et de lutte contre les feux de foret dans !'interface terrain sauvage et zone urbaine. Stephanie Chang, Timothy McDaniels, Holly Longstaff et Sarah Wilmot presentent, pour leur part, un argument convaincant pour justifier que la planification pour la gestion des catastrophes tienne compte des interdependances associees a la defaillance de !'infrastructure et soit structuree en consequence.
llllllllll Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 le I' ordinaire
Cynthia Rattle rend compte d'une recente etude menee par la Societe canadienne d'hypotheques et de logement sur les progres qui ont ete realises au Canada en ce qui a trait aux enjeux associes au reamenagement de terrains contamines a des fins d'habitation. Cette presentation s'inscrit dans la veine « Planifier le changement innovateur - diversite et changement social ».
Dans le cas du sous-theme « Liens en planification - gouvernance, processus et professionnalisme », Cheeying Ho s'attarde sur les raisons qui font que le district regional du Grand Vancouver se distingue dans !'application du developpement intelligent. Sheri Blake recense les connaissances, les competences et les attitudes requises pour etre un concepteur communautaire efficace. David Macisaac donne un aper~u du Programme de demonstration en transport urbain de Transports Canada et des villes, partout au Canada, qui refletent l'efficacite et les difficultes associees a !'integration d'options en matiere de transport durable.
Outre les articles bases sur le congres, la rubrique « Academic Nexus » evoque les efforts deployes par des etudiants de la School of Community and Regional Planning de l'Universite de la Colombie-Britannique pour tenter d'articuler, pour le Congres mondial de l'urbanisme et le Forum urbain mondial, quelles connaissances, competences et attitudes sont attendues des urbanistes de demain, dans le monde entier. Enfin, dans un article special qui n'a rien a voir avec le congres, Pierre Filion et Karen Hammond expliquent pourquoi les centres commerciaux ne sont peut-etre pas la benediction que l'on a cru dans le contexte de la revitalisation du centre-ville des aires urbaines de taille moyenne.
J'aimerais terminer sur une note personnelle. Mon mandat au sein du comite de redaction de Plan Canada prend fin cette annee. C'est une experience qui m'a beaucoup apporte. II va sans dire que la force de l'ICU est limitee par !'engagement de ses membres a son egard. L'une des meilleures fa~ons de montrer son engagement, c'est de s'impliquer benevolement et d'etre actif au sein de !'organisation pour faire avancer ses buts et ses objectifs au nom de tous ses membres. Je vous encourage a vous adresser au bureau de votre organisme affilie provincial ou a celui de l'ICU pour vous renseigner sur ce que vous pouvez faire pour aider votre association professionnelle. •
Chris Sholberg, MICU, est urbaniste a la Ville de Nanaimo, oil ii se consacre principalement aux dossiers du patrimoine et de la planifkation des quartiers. On peut lui ecrire a : [email protected]
Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 -- World Town Journee mondiale Planning Day de l'urbanisme
CIP extends its thanks to all the municipalities and planners that L'ICU remercie toutes les municipalites et tous les urbanistes qui participated in World Town Planning Day on November 8, 2006. ont pris part a la Journee mondiale de l'urbanisme le 8 novembre 2006. Cette celebration annuelle est tres utile en ce qu'elle Celebrating this annual event serves an important purpose in sensibilise les communautes locales et tous les echelons promoting better understanding and awareness of Canadian gouvernementaux au role des urbanistes canadiens et de la planners and the planning profession to the local community profession en general. De plus, elle aide le public et les medias and all levels of government. It also helps to educate the public a mieux comprendre !'influence de l'urbanisme au quotidien. and the media about how planning influences our daily lives. Nous aimerions savoir ce que vous avez fait le 8 novembre We would love to hear from you about your activities from pour souligner la Journee mondiale de l'urbanisme. Envoyez-nous
th un bref compte rendu de vos activites, ainsi que des photos, et November 8 • Please send us a brief write-up and photos nous les verserons dans le site Web de l'ICU. from your event that we can post on the CIP web site. VISION D'AVENIR: RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR VISION FOR THE FUTURE: 2007 CIP/OUQ LE CONGRES ICU/OUQ 2007 CONFERENCE INFORMATION Prenez ces dates en note! La preparation du prochain congres Mark your calendars! Plans are underway for the next CIP annuel de l'ICU a debute. La rencontre, organisee conjointement annual conference, to be held in beautiful Quebec City, from avec l'Ordre des urbanistes du Quebec, se deroulera du 3 au 6 juin 2007 dans la magnifique ville de Quebec.Visitez June 3 to 6, 2007, in collaboration with the Ordre des urbanistes regulierement la page du Congres au site Web de l'ICU pour du Quebec. Check the conference page of the CIP web site y lire les dernieres nouvelles sur les hotels, les modalites frequently, as updates will be posted regularly providing up-to d'inscription et le contenu du programme. date hotel, registration and program information. Prix d'excellence en urbanisme de 2007 2007 Awards for Planning Excellence Les prix annuels de l'lnstitut canadien des urbanistes ont pour objet de reconna1tre les merites de projets d'urbanisme selon The Canadian Institute of Planners annual Awards for Planning !'excellence, !'innovation, !'incidence sur la profession, la mise Excellence honour planning projects judged on their excellence, en application et la qualite d'ensemble de la presentation. innovation, impact on the profession, implementation potential, Pour les laureats, ils constituent une occasion de faire conna1tre and overall presentation. For award winners, it is a chance to leur travail exceptionnel et de gagner la reconnaissance showcase exemplary work and to gain recognition from peers professionnelle de leurs pairs. in the professional planning community. L'appel de candidatures aux prix de 2007 est ouvert. Les lignes directrices et formulaire d'inscription sont accessibles a partir Submissions for the 2007 Awards are now being accepted. de la page d'accueil du site Web de l'ICU. On peut aussi se les Guidelines and application information are now available on procurer en telephonant a Elaine Hamelin, au bureau de l'ICU, the home page of the CIP web site, or by contacting Elaine au 1-800-207-2138. La date limite de depot des candidatures Hamelin at the CIP office at 1-800-207-2138.The deadline for est le 30 janvier 2007. submission is January 30'\ 2007. Declaration des unites de formation CPL Reporting Information professionnelle continue Les formulaires de declaration des unites de formation Continuous Professional Learning (CPL) reporting forms are professionnelle continue sont disponibles en ligne dans la available online in the Members Only section of the CIP web Section pour les membres du site Web de l'ICU. Ces formulaires site. These online forms simplify the process of recording and electroniques simplifient la consignation et la mise a jour des updating your CPL activities with conference data now unites de formation continue que vous accumulez en assistant available from your home affiliate events, as well as national a des activites organisees par votre association professionnelle locale ainsi que les activites d'envergure nationale et celles events and other affiliate events recognized by CIP. Please d'autres affilies qui sont reconnues par l'ICU. II est important note that not all affiliates have their home events posted de noter que les organismes affilies n'annoncent pas tous sur online. Please check the web site for the availability of this Internet les activites qu'ils organisent localement.Veuillez consulter service to you. le site Web pour voir si vous pouvez acceder ace service.
-- Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 CIP IN CHINA L'ICU EN CHINE CIP President Chris Leach attended the 50th Anniversary Du 20 au 23 septembre dernier, Chris Leach, president de National Conference of Urban Planning Society of China l'ICU, assistait au congres national de SO• anniversaire de la (UPSC), in Guangzhou, China from September 20th to 23'd, Societe d'urbanisme de la Chine a Guangzhou, ou ii a pris part where he participated in an international roundtable session a une table ronde internationale et a presente un expose dans and presented at an international planning forum along with le cadre d'un colloque international d'urbanisme, aux cotes de Paul Farmer, Executive Director of the American Planning Paul Farmer, directeur general de !'American Planning Association, Association, Dr. Milica Bajic Brkovic, Secretary General of the de Milica Bajic Brkovic, secretaire general de !'Association International Society of City and Regional Planners (ISoCaRP), Internationale des Urbanistes (AIU), de Hur Jai-Wan, vice Professor Hur Jai-Wan,Vice President, Korea Planners Association president de !'Association des urbanistes de la Coree et de and Professor Takashi Onishi, President, City Planning Institute Takashi Onishi, president de l'lnstitut d'urbanisme du Japon. of Japan. II a profite de cette visite en Chine pour se rendre a Beijing While in China, he also traveled to Beijing to meet with afin d'y rencontrer des representants du ministere des Terres representatives from the Ministry of Land and Resources and et des Ressources et de l'lnstitut d'arpentage et d'urbanisme the China Land Surveying & Planning Institute. The purpose de la Chine. Ces rencontres avaient pour but de discuter de of the meetings was to discuss matters related to the questions touchant la mise en c:euvre du protocole d'entente implementation of the MOU signed between CIP and the MLR intervenu entre l'ICU et le Ministere lors du Congres mondial at the World Planners Congress in Vancouver. de l'urbanisme, aVancouver.
The following awards were given at the World Planners Les prix suivants ont ete presentes lors du Congres mondial Congress in June 2006 in the categories of: de l'urbanisme en juin 2006, dans les categories precisees. Social Planning Planification sociale Traditional Burial Grounds/Fort Lieux de sepulture traditionnels Edmonton Cemetery Cimetiere de Fort Edmonton Ville d'Edmonton - Service de City of Edmonton - Planning and l'urbanisme et de l'amenagement, Development Department, Edmonton (Alberta) Edmonton,AB propose par Larry Benowski, Robert submitted by Larry Benowski, Robert Caldwell, Duncan Fraser, Kulbir Singh, Caldwell, Duncan Fraser, Kulbir Singh, David Schneider, Dean Wray et Alan David Schneider, Dean Wray, and Alan Parsons de Gray Scott Consulting Parsons of Gray Scott Consulting C'est l'histoire des urbanistes et This is the story of Edmonton city autres intervenants d'Edmonton qui planners and others working with ont c:euvre avec 15 groupes et 45 15 groups and 45 stakeholders to create a First Nations and interlocuteurs pour creer un lieu de sepulture des Premieres pioneer cemetery.The site contains over 200 First Nations, nations et des pionniers. L'emplacement accueille les restes de Metis, French Canadian and early pioneer settlers. plus de 200 Autochtones, Metis, Canadiens franc;:ais et premiers colons. Environmental Planning Urbanisme environnemental Focus on Our Environment, York Region's L'environnement : notre point de mire, State of the Environment Report 2005 Rapport 2005 sur /'E.tat de Regional Municipality of York, ON /'environnement de la region de York submitted by Dr. K. Helena Jaczek, Municipalite regionale de York.York Bryan Tuckey MC/P, RPP, Diane Bladek (Ontario) Willett,John B. Waller MCIP, RPP, Carolyn propose par K. Helena Jaczek, Bryan Tuckey MICU, RPP, Diane Bladek-Willett, Pigeau, Laura Atkins-Paul,Joanna Kidd, John B. Waller MICU, RPP, Carolyn Adrian Hall and Kimberly Gray Pigeau, Laura Atkins-Paul,Joanna Kidd, Environment Planning Adrian Hall et Kimberly Gray This State of the Environment Le rapport sur l'Etat de l'environne Report for York Region provides ment de la region de York contient 33 recommendations from five key 33 recommandations, reparties dans areas to preserve our natural cinq grands domaines, qui visent a
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 environment and supports individual citizens taking preserver l'environnement nature! et a aider les citoyens a responsibility for their environmental decisions by providing assumer individuellement la responsabilite des decisions qu'ils information and suggestions. prennent en matiere d'environnement en leur fournissant de !'information et des suggestions. Neighbourhood Planning Planification de quartier Awards for Planning Exceller Plan d'action communautaire de Old North End Community Action Plan: /'ancien quartier nord de Saint-Jean - Saint John - Planning Charette charrette d'urbanisme Cities and Environment Unit, Groupe de l'environnement et des Dalhousie University, NS villes de l'Universite Dalhousie (Nouvelle-Ecosse) submitted by The ONE Change, Canada propose par The ONE Change, Canada Mortgage & Housing Corporation, Cities Mortgage & Housing Corporation I & Environment Unit Societe canadienne d'hypotheques et de /ogement, Groupe de /'environnement The Old North End in Saint John, NB et des vii/es struggles with poverty, high L'ancien quartier nord de Saint-Jean unemployment and drug abuse. (Nouveau-Brunswick) est aux prises Individual efforts to make a living, avec la pauvrete, le chomage et la toxicomanie. Les efforts que chacun doit deployer uniquement care for family, pay the rent and cope with each new crisis pour gagner sa vie, assurer la survie de sa famille, payer le loyer tend to undermine any shared sense of purpose.A dire need et faire face a chaque nouvelle crise s'opposent, en general, a for housing was the impetus for the charrette. Over five days, l'instauration d'un sentiment de poursuite commune. La charrette the community re-enacted the age-old ritual of gathering to a ete organisee principalement a cause du besoin pressant de logements. Pendant cinq jours, la communaute a reconstitue le shape their own future. sempiternel rituel de se reunir pour fa~onner son avenir. Transportation and Infrastructure Transport et infrastructure Parachevement de l'autoroute 30 de Parachevement de /'autoroute 30 de l'autoroute 15 a l'echangeur Jean J'autoroute 15 a /'echangeur Jean-Leman Leman a Candiac. a Candiac, etude d'impact sur E.tude d'impact sur /'environnement, /'environnement Transports Quebec Transports Quebec submitted by Bernard McCann propose par Bernard McCann L'un des principaux projets du The completion of Highway 30, gouvernement du Quebec vise a or Montreal By-Pass, is one of the parachever l'autoroute 30 pour en Quebec Government's most faire une voie de contournement de important projects. The new Montreal. L'amenagement du nouveau 3.4 kilometre section fulfills an tron~on de 3,4 kilometres etait important need, providing users necessaire pour fournir aux usagers with a steady speed, straight line de la 30 un itineraire continu a trajectory. vitesse constante.
Rural/Small Town Planning Amenagement rural/des petites Rural Planning, Livestock Production and municipalites Models for Conflict Resolution Amenagement rural, industrie de /'elevage University of Guelph, Guelph, ON et mode/es pour la resolution de conflits submitted by Wayne Caldwell,Jennifer Universite de Guelph, Guelph Ball and Alicia Evans (Ontario) propose par Wayne Caldwell, This applied research provides a Jennifer Ball et Alicia Evans practical community-based approach Ce projet de recherche appliquee to conflict associated with the fournit une approche communautaire intensification of the livestock pratique au conflit resultant de industry. This research identifies a !'intensification de l'industrie de number of tools in response to this l'elevage, notamment en proposant conflict. It includes a number of des outils de resolution. II comprend related reports, two videos, and des rapports connexes, deux videos several published articles. et plusieurs articles publies.
Pfan Winter/Hiver 2006 Economic Development Awards for Planning Excellence Gala Banquet Developpement economique Business Competitiveness in the GTA: Competitivite commerciale dans la Why Toronto is Losing Ground r, Spoowed b,r. ,~, region du Grand Toronto : pourquoi ~ """ l • Canadian Urban Institute and Harris Toronto perd du terrain Consulting, Toronto, ON lnstitut urbain du Canada et Harris submitted by Glenn R. Miller, FCIP, RPP, Consulting, Toronto (Ontario) Brent Gilmour, M.Sc.PI. Philippa propose par Glenn R. Miller, FICU, RPP, Campsie, M.Sc.Pl.,Aaron Heppleston, BA Brent Gilmour, M.Sc.PI. Philippa (Hon.) Gordon Harris, MC/P and Campsie, M.Sc.Pl.,Aaron Heppleston, Jonathan Tinney, M.Sc.PI. BA (Hon.) Gordon Harris, MICU et Jonathan Tinney, M.Sc.PI. The Canadian Urban Institute and L'lnstitut urbain du Canada et Harris Consulting were retained by Harris Consulting ont ete engages the Toronto Office Coalition, which par la Toronto Office Coalition, qui represents owners and tenants of represente les proprietaires et les Class A office space in Toronto, to locataires d'espaces a bureaux de analyze the impact of tax inequities between the City and the categorie A aToronto, pour analyser les repercussions des surrounding area. iniquites des taxes entre la Cite et les environs. Housing Residentiel Railway Land Blocks 32 and 36 Strategie de developpement des itots Development Strategy 32 et 36 des biens-fonds ferroviaires submitted by du Toit Allsopp Hillier/du propose par du Toit Allsopp Hillier I du Toit Architects Limited, N. Barry Lyon Toit Architects Limited, N. Barry Lyon Consultants Limited, Catharine Nasmith Consultants Limited, Catharine Nasmith Architect,Archaeological Services Inc., Architect, Archaeological Services Inc., Halsall Associates, BA Group, Marshall Halsall Associates, BA Group, Marshall Macklin Monaghan, Decommissioning Macklin Monaghan, Decommissioning Consulting Services Limited, Centre for Consulting Services Limited, Centre for Landscape Research Landscape Research La vision est de transformer une The vision is to transform an urban friche industrielle urbaine en une brownfield into a vibrant mixed-use communaute dynamique a usage community in concert with the mixte, tout en creant des nouveaux design of new open spaces. The plan espaces ouverts. Le projet tient respects the adjacent Fort York National Historic Site and compte du lieu historique national de Fort-York voisin et du emerging Railway Lands neighbourhood. quartier emergent des biens-fonds ferroviaires. Reurbanization Reamenagement Reconversion de L'lmperial - Montreal Reconversion de !.:Imperial - Montreal Groupe Cardinal Hardy Groupe Cardinal Hardy submitted by Michel Hardy,Aurele propose par Michel Hardy,Aurele Cardinal, Guy Pelletier,Josee Berube, Cardinal, Guy Pelletier,Josee Berube, Jonathan Sigler et Jacques Vincent Jonathan Sigler et Jacques Vincent Located in Montreal's Southwest Situe dans l'arrondissement du Sud Borough, this project involves the Ouest de Montreal, le projet vise primarily residential conversion of the une reconversion majoritairement former Imperial Tobacco factory site, residentielle de l'usine Imperial which borders the downtown core. Tobacco aux abords du centre-ville. Urban Design Design urbain Maquette virtue/le Montreal 2025 Maquette virtue/le Montreal 2025 Ville de Montreal, QC Ville de Montreal (Quebec) submitted by Pierre Sainte-Marie et propose par Pierre Sainte-Marie et Luc Gagnon Luc Gagnon Dans le cadre de !'elaboration de As part of"lmagining - Building son plan Imaginer - Realiser Montreal 2025", the city of Montreal's Montreal 2025, Montreal a conc;:u long-range plan, the City produced a une maquette numerique permettant detailed 3D virtual model to assist in de representer les projets presenting the major projects that will structurants qui transformeront shape Montreal in the years to come. graduellement son visage.
Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 Downtown Planning Planification d'un centre-ville Canada's Capital Core Area Sector Plan Plan du secteur central de la capitale National Capital Commission, du Canada Urban Strategies Inc. Commission de la capitale nationale, submitted by Fran~ois Lapointe, Urban Strategies Inc. Pierre Dube, Lori Thornton, Michel Cere, propose par Fran~ois Lapointe, Cyndi Rottenberg-Walker, George Dark, Pierre Dube, Lori Thornton, Michel Eric Turcotte, Andrew Goodyear Cere, Cyndi Rottenberg-Walker, George Dark, Eric Turcotte, Andrew Goodyear The Canada's Capital Core Area Sector Plan is a comprehensive land Le Plan du secteur central de la use planning document, targeting a capitale du Canada est un document myriad of policy areas, strategies and d'amenagement des terrains, de initiatives. The Plan was the subject grande portee, qui cible plusieurs of extensive consultation and domaines de politiques, de strategies involved a close collaboration with et d'initiatives. Le Plan a fait l'objet partners and stakeholders throughout the process. de longues consultations et d'etroite collaboration avec partenaires et intervenants tout au long du processus. For more information on the award winning projects, please see the CIP web site at: http://www.cip-icu.ca/English/institute/ Pour obtenir des precisions sur les projets gagnants, visitez le ex_awards.htm site Web de l'ICU : http://www.cip-icu.ca/French/institute/ ex_awards.htm 2006 Student Scholarship winners Laureats des bourses d'etudes en 2006
Presented at the World Planners Congress in June 2006, the Les etudiants suivants ont re~u une bourse d'etudes de l'ICU following students received scholarships from the CIP Student lors du Congres mondial de l'urbanisme en juin 2006. Scholarship Fund: Bourse Dillon Consulting Dillon Consulting Scholarship Keith Matthew Batstone, Universite Keith Matthew Batstone, Queen's Queen's University Place and Perception: A Photographic Place and Perception:A Photographic Media Approach to Capture Children's Media Approach to Capture Children's Value Statements in Planning for School Value Statements in Planning for School Neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods.
Bourse du president de /'ICU CIP President's Scholarship Ko Takeuchi, Universite de la Ko Takeuchi, University of British Colombie-Britannique Columbia Resettlement and Rehabilitation Under Resettlement and Rehabilitation Under the Mumbai Urban Transport Project, the Mumbai Urban Transport Project, Dillon Consuldng'sjamal Ramjohn presents the Dillon Scholarship 0($5000 to India India Keith Matthew Batstone. Joma/ Romjohn, de Dillon Consu/Ung. presente la bourse Dillon de 5 000 dollars a Keith Matthew Batstone. Bourse du president sortant CIP Past President's Scholarship (M. Thomas Adams) (Mr. Thomas Adams) Markus Moos, Universite Queen's Markus Moos, Queen's University Global Cities and Wealth Transfer in Urban Areas: Shifts in the Global Cities and Wealth Transfer in Urban Areas: Shifts in the Valuation ofToronto's Capital Stock Valuation ofToronto's Capital Stock
CIP Past President's Scholarship (Mr. Humphrey Carver) Bourse du president sortant (M. Humphrey Carver) Colleen Brown, University of British Columbia Colleen Brown, Universite de la Colombie-Britannique Powering the City - Planning for the Future Powering the City - Planning for the Future
CIP Past President's Scholarship (Mr. Horace Seymour) Bourse du president sortant (M. Horace Seymour) Sonja Zupanec, York University Sonja Zupanec, Universite York The Role of Sustainable Hazard Mitigation in Planning for The Role of Sustainable Hazard Mitigation in Planning for Communities with Urban Containment Boundaries:A Case Study of Communities with Urban Containment Boundaries: A Case Study of Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Ell Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 Success Stories: CIP/CIDA-sponsored Worldlinl< Reussite: stages parraines par l'ICU et l'ACDI Internships in 2005-2006 dans le cadre du programme Liens mondiaux en Each year since 1998 C/P has partnered with the Canadian 2005-2006 International Development Agency (C/DA) to provide entry-level Depuis I 998, /'ICU s'associe chaque annee avec l'Agence canadienne professional work experience to recent graduates interested in de developpement international (ACDI) pour offrir des debouches gaining their first paid overseas work experience in the planning aux nouveaux diplomes interesses a acquerir, outre-mer, leur premiere field. With funding provided by C/DA, C/P has worked with other experience professionnelle payee dons le domaine de l'urbanisme. Avec le financement de /'ACD/, /'ICU s'associe avec des entreprises Canadian private and non-profit organizations managing international privees et des organismes canadiens a but non lucratif qui s'occupent planning projects, and through its WorldLink Internship Program has de projets de planification internationale en urbanisme et, par le successfully placed more than 70 recent graduates in six-month biais du programme Liens mondiaux, a reussi a placer plus de 70 internship positions in 20 developing countries. nouveaux diplomes pour des stages de six mois dons 20 pays en voie de developpement. The following excerpts are from articles written by three of the six WorldLink interns placed by C/P during 2005-2006. Summaries Les extraits suivants proviennent d'articles rediges par trois des six from the other three interns were published in the last issue of stagiaires du programme Liens mondiaux places par /'ICU en Plan Canada. 2005-2006. Les resumes prepares par /es trois autres stagiaires ont paru dons le dernier numero de Plan Canada. Edible Landscape Project - Kampala, Uganda Vers un paysage comestible - Kampala, Uganda by Tonya Crawford, BA, Environmental Design, Nova Scotia College par Tonya Crawford, BA, Environmental Design, Nova Scotia College ofArt and Design of Art and Design In September 2005, I landed on the Entebbe airstrip in Uganda, En septembre 2005, j'atterrissais a Entebbe, en Ouganda, apres after a week of orientation and project briefing at McGill une semaine d'orientation a l'Universite McGill a Montreal University, Montreal (Canada).Throughout the disorienting (Canada). En route pour Kampala, je remarquais la vegetation drive into Kampala I noticed the lush vegetation, the bustling abondante, les marches animes et, surtout, la dependance de la markets and most importantly the dependence on Urban population sur !'architecture urbaine. Devant chaque maison, Agriculture (UA). Every household was growing matooke je voyais pousser des matooke (une variete de banane), du (a form of banana), maize, yams, and livestock or poultry. ma"is et des patates douces, parmi les bestiaux et la volaille. Le lendemain, je me suis rendue devant le conseil municipal de My second day I found my way to Kampala City Council to Kampala pour rencontrer mon superviseur, Mme Margaret meet my Supervisor, Mrs. Margaret Azuba, and the rest of the Azuba, et le reste de l'equipe locale.Je me suis presentee et local team. I introduced myself and further discussed the j'ai entrepris de parler davantage des objectifs du projet. Le objectives of the project. The Edible Landscape Project (ELP) projet Vers un paysage comestible vise a demontrer qu'il y a is a four-city initiative, including Rosario (Argentina), Colombo lieu de valoriser !'integration permanente de !'agriculture a (Sri Lanka), Montreal (Canada) and Kampala (Uganda) which l'amenagement urbain et a !'architecture domiciliaire. Des equipes aims at partnering with the poor to alleviate poverty through seront a l'ceuvre dans quatre villes - Rosario, en Argentine, the integration of UA in urban planning. This project was Colombo, au Sri Lanka, Montreal, au Canada, et Kampala, en showcased at the 2006 World Urban Forum (WUF) to Ouganda - pour mener a bien ce projet qui sera presente au Forum urbain mondial en 2006 pour demontrer !'amelioration demonstrate the bettering of the poor and cities' attitude des conditions de vie des pauvres et !'evolution de !'attitude change through revised positive legislation towards UA. des villes refletee par la revision des lois pour les rendre plus (For the full article on this internship, go to www.cip-icu.ca/English/ favorables a !'agriculture urbaine. (Pour lire /'article integral sur ce outreach/writeups.htm) stage (en anglais), voir www.cip-icu.ca/English/outreachlwriteups.htm). International Spotlight: Post-Conflict Planning in A l'echelle internationale : l'urbanisme en Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnie-Herzegovine apres la guerre by Tom Janzen par Tom Janzen Located just southwest of Sarajevo, Mostar saw some of the Mostar, qui se trouve au sud-ouest de Sarajevo, a ete le theatre heaviest fighting in the country over the course of two back de certains des plus violents affrontements qui ont ebranle le to-back conflicts between 1992 and 1996. The city suffered pays pendant les conflits de 1992 et de 1996. La ville a subi de considerable destruction; in some areas as much as 90% of the graves pertes : dans certains quartiers, jusqu'a 90 p. I 00 des edifices ont disparu. Outre les pertes de logements et les building stock was decimated. In addition to the loss of dommages a !'infrastructure physique, bon nombre des batiments housing, and damage to the physical infrastructure, many of historiques de Mostar ont ete deliberement cibles, dont le Mostar's historical structures were deliberately targeted, celebre Vieux-Pont aneanti en septembre 1994 par les obus including the famous Old Bridge, brought down by Croat tank craches par les chars croates. Si les canons sont tus muets shells in September 1994. While the shooting and shelling has depuis longtemps, les tensions raciales persistent et le regime long ceased, ethnic tensions are still rampant and the political politique reste en dysfonctionnement en depit des presque system remains dysfunctional nearly IO years to the day since dix annees ecoulees depuis la signature des Accords de paix the Dayton Peace Agreement was signed. de Dayton.
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 llllllll Physical evidence of the war is everywhere. Many buildings Les vestiges de la guerre sont partout presents. Bien des remain in their bombed-out post-war condition and sidewalks batiments demeurent a l'etat de carcasses soufflees par les are pockmarked from heavy shelling. Housing and business bombes, comme ils etaient au lendemain de la guerre, et les trottoirs sont encore defences par les trous d'obus. En revanche, reconstruction, however, though still underway, has made la reconstruction de logements et de commerces avance bien, considerable progress.As well, with support from UNESCO, meme si elle n'est pas terminee.Aussi, avec l'aide de l'UNESCO, the Old Bridge - reopened in 2004 - and the entire Old Town le Vieux-Pont a rouvert en 2004 et toute la Vieille-Ville a ete have been completely rebuilt (and subsequently added to reconstruite (et ajoutee, par la suite, a la liste des sites du UNESCO's World Heritage List). (For the full article on this patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO). internship, go to www.cip-icu.ca/English/outreachlwriteups.htm) (Pour lire /'article integral sur ce stage (en anglais), voir www.cip icu.ca/Englishl outreachlwriteups .htm).
Stage professionnel en cooperation municipale Professional Internship in Vietnam au Vietnam by Pascal Lavoie par Pascal Lavoie, m. urb
While Vietnam is still largely rural, it won't be for long. It remains Le Vietnam est encore largement rural, mais cela ne saurait poor, but not as much as one might expect. The first thing that durer. II est encore pauvre, mais pas comme on pourrait s'y strikes a visitor to Hanoi or any other city in the country is attendre. Ce qui frappe d'abord l'etranger qui arrive a Hanoi, au dans toute autre ville du pays, c'est la danse chaotique des the chaotic frenzy of motorized vehicles and the hazards vehicules motorises et les aleas des paysages urbains sans created by an unplanned urban layout. Less than 20 years ago, coherence. II y a mains de 20 ans, Hanoi etait une ville de velos Hanoi was a city of bicycles, and urban development was moving et le developpement urbain s'effectuait sous une gouverne along under firm guidance. Today, biking in the city is a dangerous ferme.Aujourd'hui, la pratique du vela en ville est un sport sport; motorbikes are the most common mode of travel, but dangereux. Les motocyclettes dominent largement en nombre, these are gradually being overtaken by cars - often large ones mais elles sont concurrencees sur les routes par les voitures souvent massives des nouveaux riches. La ville autrefois plut6t - owned by the newly rich. The city - which was previously bien ordonnee disparait sous la force d'une urbanisation much better organized - is disappearing as the urgency for pressante. Derriere la stabilite sociale et la croissance economique, urbanization increases.Accompanying the social stability and l'euphorie du « tout est possible » genere une onde de choc economic growth, the euphoric feeling that 'anything is possible' qui ne laisse rien pour compte. (Pour lire /'article integral sur ce is generating a shockwave that leaves nothing to chance. stage, voir www.cip-icu.ca/English/outreachlwriteups.htm).
DILLON CONSULTING Infrastructure Communities Environment Facilities Offices Across Canada and International Suite 800,235 Yorkland Blvd., Toronto, Ont. M2J 4¥8 416.229.4646 www.dlllon.ca
llll'l9 Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 New Members Nouveaux membres CIP welcomes the following new full and provisional L'ICU souhaite la bienvenue au sein de l'lnstitut aux members to the Institute: nouveaux membres a part entiere et provisoires suivants : Full Members / Nouveaux membres a part entiere
Sarah M.Anderson API Sabine Hammel OPPI Kristen J. West OPPI Laura Beckett PIBC Kevin A. Harper OPPI Pamela W Whyte OPPI Anna M.W Chow INTL Heather L. Hood OPPI Timothy 0. Williams OPPI Michael Ellis PIBC Julie M. Houle OPPI Andrea S. Woodrow OPPI Darren Enns PIBC Kevin W Huang OPPI LilyY. Xu OPPI Karen Hemmingson PIBC Michelle lnnocente OPPI Peter E. Zimmerman OPPI Eve Hou PIBC Douglas A. James OPPI New Provisional Members Katrin Kintzi PIBC Maggie Julian OPPI Nouveaux membres provisoires Chad B. Marlatt PIBC Marielle P. Kennedy OPPI Rudayna Abdo OPPI David A. Mitchell API Kyle A. Knoecl< OPPI Shady Adab OPPI Braden AC. Smith PIBC Melanie A. Laforet OPPI Audrey Alemao OPPI Sara Stevens PIBC Kristin M. Marinacci OPPI Eric B.Allen OPPI Eric Chunsong Wang PIBC Catharine F. Marsden OPPI Michelle Austin AACIP Melanie Bishoff AACIP Jayson L. McGuffin OPPI Karen A. Beauchamp OPPI Vicki Dodge AACIP Ray R. Mclellan OPPI David Boyle AACIP Linda L. Henrickson AACIP Cheryl L. McWilliams OPPI Shawn Bravender AACIP Anne Hutton AACIP Jason T. Mercer OPPI Catharine E. Bright OPPI Joseph Glen Johnson AACIP Deanne C. Mighton OPPI Diana Brundia OPPI Tony Napolitano AACIP Learie A. Miller OPPI Lisette Burga Ghersi AACIP James R. Abbs OPPI lain Mudd OPPI Timothy J. Cartwright OPPI Martin I. Barakengera OPPI Barbara C. Mugabe OPPI Barbara A. Casey API Michael I. Barton OPPI Shoma Murshid OPPI Alvin W-B. Chan OPPI Deepak Bhatt OPPI David A. O'hara OPPI Alison L.Chapple OPPI Louis Bitonti OPPI Jeffrey T. O'neill OPPI David Charezenko OPPI Kevin W Blozowski OPPI Marsha L. Paley OPPI Jason P. Chen OPPI Jennifer L. Bozzo OPPI Jennifer L. Passy OPPI Lindsay J. Closs OPPI Laurie M. Bruce OPPI Jonathan N. Rodger OPPI Andrea Cullen AACIP Krista M. Burgess OPPI Susan A. Rosales OPPI Jennifer J. Current OPPI Goran Ciric OPPI Rob Russell OPPI lain J. Davidson-Hunt MPPI Joel E. Cotter OPPI Becky Schlenvogt OPPI Craig Davies AACIP Pamela L.M. Coulter OPPI Deanna M.V. Schlosser OPPI Steven De Keijzer AACIP Dan Currie OPPI Amy K. Shepherd OPPI Delia De Simone OPPI Lisa M. Dalla rosa OPPI Mark W Sterling OPPI Sebastien J. Doiron API Mark D. De souza OPPI Steven B. Strong OPPI Barbara Everdene PIBC Dorothy A. Di Berto OPPI Jocelyn M. Strutt OPPI Francesco Garardo OPPI Claire J. Dodds OPPI Bill C.M.Tam OPPI Elaine Gardam PIBC Andrew J. Ferancik OPPI Eldon C. Theodore OPPI Justin M. Gee OPPI Barbara M. Flight OPPI Nadine J. Tischhauser OPPI Daniella A. Grosvenor OPPI Stephen G. Fraser OPPI Savas Varadas OPPI Pierre Heelis API Stephen J. Gardiner OPPI Andres C.Velez-Guerra OPPI Lihua Huang OPPI Amjad M. Gauhar OPPI Karl R. Walsh OPPI Tomasz Kasprzak OPPI Catarina G. Gomes OPPI Dena S. Warman OPPI Kerigan C. Kelly OPPI Beverley R. Hall OPPI Heather L. Watt OPPI Aaron S. Knight OPPI
Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 Hanita Koblents API Denise Philippe PIBC Kinden Kosick PIBC Karin T. Phuong OPPI Editorial Submissions to Plan Canada Sasa Krcmar OPPI Richard A. Reitmeier OPPI Plan Canada welcomes material of interest to Katherine Lambert PIBC Geoff B. Romanowski OPPI its 1·eadership. Submit proposals, outlines, 01· PIBC Thomas Lancaster Nicole (Lil) Ronalds PIBC drafts of articles to Plan Canada, by e-mail to: Lisa Larson AACIP Mark Seasons, PhD, MICP, RPP; Dana R. Ross OPPI Editorial Board Chair Khawja Latif MPPI Leona S. Savoie OPPI [email protected] Kenna Latimer PIBC Alexandra Schaffhauser OPPI Edmund Lee PIBC Contributors who want their mate1·ial Cheryl Selig API Alan Lindsay APCPS refereed should send an electronic copy Jennifer B. Shragge PIBC (in Word or RTF fo1·mat) to: Karri L. Loadman PIBC Jill Grant, PhD, MCIP; OPPI Brian D. Loughlin AACIP Jeremy J. Shute Editor for Peer-reviewed Articles; [email protected] Shawn Low AACIP Misty Sklar MPPI Nancy MacDonald AACIP Colleen M. Stanton OPPI Submissions may not exceed 2000 words; Kamal Manhas PIBC Aime Stewart AACIP shmter pieces are preferred. For mo1·e detailed information, see the Jaspal S. Marwah PIBC Beverly Suderman PIBC submission guidelines for contributors on Annie Mauboules PIBC Larissa E. Svirplys-howe OPPI the CIP web site at: www.cip-icu.ca/English/plancanada/writers.htm# I Kevin M. Mcclure OPPI Oren Tamir OPPI Robyn E. Mcmullen OPPI Jolene D. Tejkl AACIP Anne M. Messore OPPI Marcelle D. Thibodeau API Soumissions d'articles pour Erin L. Mifflin OPPI Charlie A. Toman PIBC Plan Canada Laurie Miller OPPI Vincent Tong OPPI Plan Canada souhaite 1·ecevoir tout article Catherine (Kate) Miller PIBC pouvant interesser ses lecteurs. Soumettez-nous Leslie Tse API vos propositions, 1·esumes ou brouillons April Mitchell AACIP Amanda L. Wade OPPI d'ati:icles pat· COUtTiel a : Andrew Mok MPPI Mark Seasons, PhD, MICU, RPP; R. Alan Walks OPPI president du comite de redaction Nicole D. Moxley OPPI [email protected] Julianna Wall OPPI Joseph C. Nethery OPPI Jodi-Lynn Newnham PIBC Jeffrey Wilson INTL Les auteurs qui souhaitent fait·e 1·evise1· leurs documents par un comite de lecture sont Olusola A. Olufemi OPPI Paul D. Wirch OPPI pries d'en envoyer une copie electmnique Andrew Orr AACIP Tony R.Withall OPPI (en format Wo1·d ou RTF) a : Jill Grant, PhD, MCIP; PIBC Annely Zonena OPPI John H. Pattimore redactrice responsable des articles revus par un comite; [email protected]
Les articles ne devraient pas depasser 2 000 mots, les a1·ticles plus couti:s .MALONE GIVEN sont preferables. Pour plus de details, consultez le guide de • PARSONS LTD. soumission des ati:icles sur le site de l'ICU a : www.cip-icu.ca/French/plancanada/writers.htm# I <@Urban & Regional Planning East: 140 Renfrew Drive, Suite 201 Markham, Ontario, Canada L3R 6B3 <@Master Planning T: 905.513.0170 @Market & Economic Analysis F:905.513.0177 <@Geographic Information West: 2948 Cliffrose Crescent Coquitlam, BC, Canada V3E 2T2 In order for you, as a member, to Systems T: 604. 941.8283 express your thoughts on the content @Project Management F: 604.941.8203 of Plan Canada, we are dedicating this area to members' letters and opinions. @Economic & Tourism www.mgp.ca www.mgpinfo.co We welcome all members' involvement. Development Please address your letters to Michelle Garneau, Publisher at: @Urban Design [email protected]
EJI Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Reinventing Planning: A New Governance Paradigm for Managing Human Settlements A Position Paper developing themes from the Dra~ Vancouver Declaration for debate leading into the World Planners Congress, Vancouver 17-20 June 2006
Purpose refugees, people displaced by more of the New Urban Planning - he draft of the Vancouver Declaration frequent and severe disasters as the explicitly pro-poor and supportive Tcommits planning professionals global climate changes, will mount. of social, environmental and around the world to work together to The pollutants and greenhouse gases economic sustainability. However, tackle the challenges of rapid urbanization, generated by our rapidly spreading too few administrations have made the the urbanization of poverty and the urban areas are motors of climate necessary step change in their capacity hazards posed by climate change and change. to plan and manage change in human natural disasters.This paper supplements > Cities will continue to provide a settlements. the draft Declaration. The paper outlines refuge for those escaping conflict There is an urgent need for a key principles of a new paradigm for zones, but will increasingly become transformation of capacity for managing human settlements that we places of crime and terrorism. call New Urban Planning. The purpose of governance of human settlements. The combination of these threats the paper was to provoke and focus We are already witnessing a catastrophe, amounts to a crisis that is global, debate during the lead-up to the World with slums on a scale never before systematic and already discernable. Yet Planning Congress and the World Urban known, an increase in refugees, and all much policy-making remains reactive, Forum Ill in June 2006. The paper reflects pervasive insecurity. This dystopia is and presumes that urban development the outcome of a series of discussions most evident in the developing world amongst planners with experience from is only a local matter, and that natural but the developed world must also find different countries. It is not intended to disasters and outbreaks of urban unrest ways to foster more sustainable are random events. Practices built on be a statement of the views of the communities. In the 21 st century we all these foundations are programmed to planning institutes or other organizations share one planet. in which the signatories hold office. fail. In contrast, New Urban Planning means being proactive, focused This is why a New Urban Planning is Why? on sustainability, and making the needed. Traditional planning practices Time is short. Today, for the first time connections between people, have been left behind by the pace of in the world's history, the majority of economic opportunity and the urban change. Therefore New Urban its population live in cities. Urban environment. That is why planning is Planning is not the physical development is rapid, and its impacts central to a new paradigm for planning or "town planning" of the are long-lasting. Unless urban areas governance of human settlements. 20th century, which in many poorer can be made more sustainable, and In 1996 the Habitat Agenda identified countries was implanted by colonial rural life more tolerable, the legacy adequate shelter for all and more governments and never effectively of negative environmental and social sustainable human settlements as modernized. Innovation, knowledge costs will become irreversible. If international priorities. These were transfer and capacity building must at current trends go unchecked: st reaffirmed by the UN General Assembly least match the rate of 21 century > Urban poverty will become pervasive. Special Session five years later, and urbanization. There is no rigid blueprint In 2002 30% of the world's urban the World Summit on Sustainable for how to do New Urban Planning. population lived in poverty: with current Development (WSSD) in 2002 stressed Rather, there are guiding principles that trends this figure will become 45-50% the need for more sustainable urbanization. the diverse cultures and legal systems by 2020, some 1.6 billion people. The principles embedded in these around the world can interpret, adapt > The numbers of environmental documents provide the ethical basis and develop.
Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 11m What difference can the > Conflict resolution and safer cities framework, integrated planning and New Urban Planning mal
1111EiJ11 Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Urban Planning. National governments while conserving essential ecological traditional bureaucratic cultures, as have important roles in setting national resources, rather than attempting to well as shortages of skilled personnel urban development policies and micro-manage land use change and and of responsive institutions are fostering national (and international) small-scale development. Thoroughgoing barriers to realizing the benefits from infrastructure networks that will guide land use control is probably only the practice of New Urban Planning. development patterns. However, affordable in wealthy economies with An increase in capacity building would there needs to be decentralization, highly developed legal systems and a be good value for money. This should with local governments playing a plentiful supply of trained professionals. include skill development for sub leading role, and empowerment of New Urban Planning recognizes that professionals and for community-based community-based organizations on rigid urban containment is not a organizations and training of politicians. matters that can be determined at a feasible, equitable or affordable policy neighbourhood level. Integration of in conditions of rapid urbanization. New Urban Planning is smart planning policy across scales again creates Land use controls should never be because it is a responsive learning efficiency and effectiveness. Policies used as a pretext for forced evictions system. It embraces the need for skills, and plans must address implementation of the urban poor in long-established expertise, an entrepreneurial and in a rigorous manner - or fail. communities. citizen-focused culture and evidence based policy-making. It reasserts the 6. Market Responsiveness 9. Pro-poor and Inclusive importance of combining long-term New Urban Planning understands New Urban Planning is inclusive and awareness and short-term practical market demand, particularly in land pro-poor. It recognizes diversity and actions. It updates to a 21 st century and property markets, and is aware promotes equality. Plans can and context, the insight of the founders of of the dynamics and potential of the should be driven by the objectives the planning profession that planning is informal sectors. It is responsive, but and priorities as expressed by all about "Folk-Work-Place". However, it not reactive. For example, plans groups in the city. Planning is about backed by public investment can finding ways to reconcile the rejects the technocratic model of social create confidence in areas where priorities of diverse groups, now and change and professionalism, which for assets are threatened by weak in the future. Particular attention too long defined the practice of "old" demand and disinvestment. New needs to be given to those whose urban planning. • Urban Planning is about creating voice has often not been heard in opportunities, anticipating development conventional public policy-making - impacts and being able to reduce e.g. the old, children, those with risks of unintended outcomes and disabilities, women, ethnic minorities, undesirable externalities. The market the homeless, those with low incomes, will respond to plans that are credible. etc. All have an equal right to the city Paul Farmer (Executive Director and Chief 7. Access to Land and a right to be consulted, especially Executive Officer, American Planning Association) about developments that will affect A supply of land in safe and accessible Michel Frojmovic (Canadian Institute of locations to meet the needs of all them. In the past, area-based Plannersllnstitut Canadien des Urbanistes) approaches have been shown to sectors of society is fundamental to Cliff Hague (President and Chief Executive, benefit mainly the better off: achieving efficient and equitable Commonwealth Association of Planners) settlements. Traditional town planning New Urban Planning retains the effectiveness of the area-focus, but Clive Harridge (President, Royal Town Planning too often under-estimated needs, Institute) particularly of the poor. Consequently directly confronts the need for equity. Shipra Narang (Human Settlements Officer, the least advantaged sectors of urban 10. Cultural Variation UN-Habitat) society lack security, and often live in Cultures of governance and the hazardous locations. Equitable systems Ron Shishido (Past President Canadian Institute resources that can be invested in of land ownership and land management of Plannersllnstitut Canadien des Urbanistes) governance vary between different need to underpin New Urban Planning. Dave Siegel (President,American Planning countries. Interpretation of the Plans must recognize the reality of Association) principles of New Urban Planning will existing slums and informal settlements, Paul Taylor (Director, UN-Habitat Brussels Office) inevitably be influenced by such and the rights of their residents, and differences. New Urban Planning allows Jan Vogelij (President of the ECTP, the Council of foster strategies that facilitate upgrading. for a variety of outcomes according the European Spatial Planners) 8. Appropriate Tools to cultural priorities and preferences: this contrasts with the uniformity Control of development should be Comments and responses to this Paper are welcome. strategic, affordable and effective, imposed by the old master planning Please send them to Yehya Mohamed Serag at: sensitive to the needs of the poor model. Outdated legal regimes and [email protected]
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 We, representatives of the planning profession of the world, Nous, representants des urbanistes des quatre coins du monde, dedicate ourselves to working together, and with others, to nous engageons a travailler ensemble, et avec les autres, pour tackle the challenges of rapid urbanization, the urbanization of nous attaquer aux problemes de !'urbanisation rapide, a la poverty and the hazards posed by climate change and natural pauvrete urbaine et aux dangers poses par les changements disasters. climatiques et les desastres naturels. We hold that urbanization must become more sustainable if Nous crayons que la durabilite de !'urbanisation doit etre accrue the global community is to realize the aspirations in the pour que la collectivite mondiale puisse realiser les aspirations United Nations Millennium Development Goals, especially that contenues dans les Objectifs du Millenaire pour le developpement which seeks to "ensure environmental sustainability." des Nations Unies, en particulier celui qui vise a « assurer un environnement durable ». We have a responsibility, along with others, to future generations for custodianship of this planet and its habitats, and to those Nous reconnaissons que nous avons, de meme que d'autres, within our own generation who are disadvantaged, especially une responsabilite envers les generations futures concernant the poor and those who lack adequate shelter. la sauvegarde de cette planete et de ses habitats et envers les defavorises de notre propre generation, particulierement les We stand for planning as an inclusive process. Planning is both pauvres et ceux qui sont prives d'un abri adequat. strategic and local, integrative, participatory, creative, embracing cultural diversity and rooted in concerns for equity. Nous considerons l'urbanisme comme un processus inclusif, a la fois strategique, local, integre, participatif, creatif, respectueux We advocate that planning must underpin any approach to de la diversite culturelle et fondamentalement preoccupe d'equite. managing rural, urban and regional development. It is practised in the private sector, the public sector, by voluntary bodies and Nous recommandons que l'urbanisme sous-tende toute community organizations. approche de gestion du developpement rural, urbain et regional. Cette approche est deja mise en pratique dans les secteurs prive We will build the capacity for creating safe, healthy and et public, par des associations benevoles et des organisations sustainable settlements by mobilizing, sharing and developing communautaires. the knowledge and skills of planners. Nous allons tout mettre en oeuvre pour renforcer la capacite We advocate that planning, and its values and ethics, are dans le but de creer des etablissements securitaires, sains et fundamental to good governance and a means to deliver more durables en mobilisant, en partageant et en perfectionnant les equal access to the benefits cities have to offer. connaissances et les competences des urbanistes. We assert that there can be no sustainable development without Nous proclamons que l'urbanisme, ses valeurs et son ethique sustainable urbanization, and no sustainable urbanization without sont essentiels a la saine gestion des affaires publiques et un effective planning: political will and investment is required for moyen de fournir l'acces le plus egal possible aux avantages effective planning. que les villes ont a offrir. We will promote this Declaration to governments, international Nous affirmons qu'il ne peut y avoir de developpement durable government organizations, civil society and other professions sans une urbanisation viable, ni d'urbanisation viable sans un in a spirit of global partnership. urbanisme efficace, lequel requiert une volonte politique et We dedicate ourselves to action now, and in the years ahead, des investissements. in support of this Declaration. Nous nous engageons a faire la promotion de cette Declaration aupres des gouvernements, des organisations de developpement Signed by/Ont signe : international, de la societe civile et des autres professions dans un esprit de partenariat planetaire. Ronald Shishido Past President/President sortant Nous nous consacrons a agir maintenant, et dans les annees a Canadian Institute of Planners/lnstitut canadien des urbanistes venir, en appui a cette Declaration. David Siegel President/ President -American Planning Association Supported by!Appuye par : Ronald Tate Clifford Hague President/President - Royal Town Planning Institute President/President - Commonwealth Association of Planners
Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 From Brown to Green to Gold The Westin Bayshore Story by Michael Geller
Summary he venue for the 2006 World Planners This article tells the story of one ofVancouver's most celebrated downtown redevelopments: TCongress was the Westin Bayshore, Bayshore, which served as the venue for the 2006 World Planners Congress. It describes a landmark hotel on Coal Harbour next the City's policy framework, which required extraordinary public contributions from the to Stanley Park. Opened in 1961, the developer in return for rezoning approval, and the design team's subsequent planning property has been completely redeveloped process. While recognizing that this project is somewhat unique, it includes an assessment and is regarded as one ofYancouver's of what has worked, and what lessons might be applied to other major redevelopment downtown success stories. It therefore projects which turn brown fields to green, and hopefully gold. seemed fitting that the story behind the redevelopment be shared with the Sommaire Congress delegates. As the Development Cet article raconte l'histoire de l'un des projets de reamenagement du centre-ville de Manager overseeing this redevelopment Vancouver Jes plus renommes : Bayshore, qui a d'ailleurs servi de site hate au Congres from 1988 until 1999, I am pleased to mondial de l'urbanisme 2006. On y decrit le cadre de la politique municipale, qui a offer my perspective on this remarkable necessite des contributions publiques extraordinaires de la part du promoteur du projet en story. echange de /'approbation du rezonage, ainsi que le processus de planification subsequent de l'equipe de conception. Tout en reconnaissant le caractere unique de ce projet, /'expose It began shortly after AOKI Corporation, comprend une evaluation de ce qui a fonctionne et des /ec;:ons qui pourraient s'appliquer a a Japanese construction and property d'autres grands projets de requalification urbaine destines a revaloriser des sites contamines development firm, purchased the Westin pour en faire des projets en or. Hotel chain.When Mr.Aoki arrived by sea-plane from Seattle, he was astounded to find IO acres of surface parking surrounding the hotel and marina. I was The Westin Bayshore hotel on Coal Harbour in Vancouver. retained to advise on the feasibility of Charter. These requirements were > dedication of the waterfront walkway obtaining City approvals for a major initially developed for lands owned by and all streets; residential community adjacent to the the Province on the north side of False > a contribution to a salt water pump hotel. Mr.Aoki wanted it to be "world Creek. They were subsequently applied station which would provide class"! to Marathon Realty's railway lands in emergency fire fighting capability to Coal Harbour, on the premise that since Initially, he proposed an international the area, in the event of an Marathon had not paid for their land, competition. However, I advised against earthquake or other catastrophe; and they too, like the Province, could afford this, knowing that the key to success in > creation of public art, equal to a value to provide a wide array of amenities. Vancouver would be a more collaborative of $ I for every square foot of Unfortunately,AOKI had no choice but community planning process. Furthermore, residential development. to abide by the same policy requirements, Vancouver had many talented architectural which included: In addition, the developer was required and planning firms capable of undertaking > a requirement for 2.75 acres of to construct all new roads and services the task.AOKI therefore agreed to and be responsible for remediation of proceed with a limited 'ideas' competition. dedicated park space per 1,000 residents, based on the projected site contamination in accordance with Six ofVancouver's most notable architects City and Provincial Government standards. were invited, including Arthur Erickson, population, taking into account the Norm Hotson, Richard Henriquez, John number, size and type of units; Design Concept Perkins.Al Waisman and Rick Hulbert. > 20% of the units had to be publicly Based on these policy guidelines and They were each given a month to come subsidized family and senior citizen approved parameters for density and up with their ideas. Based on their 'social housing'; building form, the design team prepared submissions and presentations, Norm > 25% of the units had to comply with the initial concept plan. Two dominant Hotson and Arthur Erickson were the city's high density family housing themes guided this plan - gardens and jointly selected to develop the plans. guidelines; water, along with key urban design principles, including: > the character of the development should be distinctly Vancouver; > it should enhance the water experience, cultivate a set of distinctive gardens; and create new special public spaces; > it should respect views from Georgia Street and adjacent properties and enhance the civic entry for those entering the city from the west; > it should respond to the surrounding street patterns and create distinct precincts; and > finally, it should enhance the hotel as a downtown resort. The first plan included 980 residential units in a series of towers raised up on columns along Georgia Street, and lower terraced buildings towards the waterfront. The hotel expansion included a new tower and rooms overlooking the marina. To create additional drama, a residential tower rose out of the waters of the marina. To compensate for any perceived loss of public amenity from Design Parameters > a percentage of the units could only having a building in the marina, a new be built as rental housing; pier was proposed at the end of Since the property had previously been Denman Street, connected to the hotel zoned Comprehensive Development, > construction, at no cost to the city, with an "Amsterdam bridge". The plan rezoning was required. Furthermore, by of an on-site childcare facility for was well-received except for one virtue of its size - 22.6 acres (including 49 children; feature - the tower in the water. It was the water lot) - the City deemed this > contributions to a variety of therefore redesigned as a two-storey to be a "major project" - and subject to community facilities; restaurant. The public hearing took significant policy requirements established > dedication of above and below ground place in 1991, and after two years of by City Staff and Vancouver City Council transit corridors; negotiating legal agreements, the under the provisions of the Vancouver rezoning was finally enacted in 1993.
Ell Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 disparity between those in the low income housing and those in the luxury suites, we proposed a cash payment in lieu of building this housing. In the end, a compromise was reached.While payment in lieu was accepted for the family housing, a non-profit building was developed to provide accommodation for retired actors and other performers. Ironically, this has positively contributed to the diversity of the households, and the community character. While 22% of the units were designed as family housing, in accordance with the city requirement that they offer two bedrooms or more within five floors of grade, few families with children have chosen to live at Bayshore. This is in marked contrast to other parts of downtown where many families with children have chosen to live in apartments. This may be attributable to a few The first phase comprised two 18- and 1777 Bayshore Drive, an 18-storey factors: the lack of nearby schools, 22-storey residential towers, overlooking tower. These buildings offered very large shopping and other amenities; and the Stanley Park, along Georgia Street.At suites, in excess of 2,000 sq. ft., with housing character and pricing, which the time, most downtown Vancouver expansive balconies or terraces. They appeals more to young urban professionals condominiums were smaller one- and have since become two ofVancouver's or empty nesters rather than families two-bedroom units. The Bayshore units best known addresses. Four more with children. Many of the homes have were larger, however, with higher quality buildings were subsequently built been purchased by non-residents, who finishes, and air-conditioning.As described between 1998 and 2006. live in Vancouver during the summer, or in the initial marketing brochure, this visit from time to time. It is worth was a residential resort community "on Those driving, walking, cycling or roller noting that while the first homes sold the edge of the park ... at the entrance skating around the Bayshore community for an average price of $3 13 per sq. ft., to the City:' cannot help but be impressed by the quality of the public realm.A 35-foot many of the units at Bayshore now sell One of the challenges to the design team, wide landscaped walkway extends along for $1,000 per sq. ft., or more. While Eng and Wright, in association with the waterfront. Two new City parks these homes are not affordable for most, they do provide a higher density Hotson Bakker, was to create a timeless have been created: Marina Square Park architecture, appropriate to the Pacific housing choice for people who might with its wonderful fountains, and the Northwest setting. Their response was not normally choose to live in the city. Cardero Street End Park with a circular to design elegant, predominantly glass Interestingly, while most units were built walkway extending out into the water. buildings, with orderly terracing at the with 2.2 parking spaces, many of these Interestingly, each park has a secret. upper levels. However, in an effort to spaces are not used, as residents walk Marina Square is built over a multi-level add to the character, each floor was to work, or use other modes of parkade, and much of Cardero Park is expressed by a concrete "eyebrow" transportation. built on deck over piling so as not to detail, similar to that found on some disturb the contaminated soils at the One of the most controversial issues Japanese buildings. The result was very bottom of Coal Harbour. was the process involved in selecting successful, and the eyebrow detail has the public art. Initially, the developer been copied on literally dozens of Design Issues proposed a native design with salmon Vancouver area towers since. Throughout the planning process, a "jumping" out of a continuous fountain The second phase, designed by Henriquez contentious issue was the requirement along Georgia Street. However, the and Partners comprised two distinctive that 20% of the units be developed as City's Public Art Manager rejected the waterfront buildings: 1717 Bayshore non-market housing. Since we were idea, claiming that in his opinion, there Drive, a 15-storey terraced building, and concerned with the socio-economic was too much native art in the City.
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Instead he supported a fountain Fifteen years have now passed since we comprising two large gold-coloured first started to remediate the Bayshore Michael Geller, BArch, MAIBC, MCIP, is a Vancouver-based architect, planner and sand buckets from which water flowed site. It has indeed been transformed property developer. This month, he completes his into the ponds. My client was aghast, but from brown to green ... to gold - but term as President of the Simon Fraser University ultimately agreed on a compromise that only for the City, and the purchasers. Community Trust, overseeing development of UniverCity, a model sustainable community. Prior allowed us to select other works, in Unfortunately, financial problems pushed to this appointment, he served as Development return for a cash payment to the city. AOKI into bankruptcy, and they did not Manager for the redevelopment of the Westin Unfortunately, the resulting work is not last to complete the project; instead, it was Bayshore property. very impressive either. finished by a small group of employees. While the zoning allowed for new hotel Nonetheless, although Bayshore has not conference facilities and an additional achieved some of its social objectives, it 250 rooms, only the expanded conference has become the "world class" waterfront facilities have been built. Some of the residential resort Mr.Aoki dreamed of, changes are very good, including a new and served as a most appropriate venue lobby with dramatic views towards the for the World Planners Congress this water, and the large airy conference past summer. • facilities. However, other changes are much less successful, such as the large concrete paved area in front of the hotel and an even less attractive entrance to the underground parking. But these defects are easily overlooked as one enjoys dinner at either of the new Wes.ton Consulting Group Inc. waterfront restaurants.
Lessons Learned Celebrating As I reflect back on my many years Years in Business involvement with Bayshore, there are some lessons that I would like to share. > To the greatest extent possible, it is desirable to build the public Tel:905-738-8080 infrastructure first, especially the 1-800-363-3558 parks and amenities. The absence of w w w. we st o n c o n s u It I n g. c o m schools and nearby shopping has 2 0 1 M 111 way Av e n u e, U n I t 1 9 Va u g h a n , O n ta r Io, L 4 K 5 K 8 affected the community character and liveability. > Next, argue with the engineers! When we began our infrastructure MMM GROUP OF COMPANIES design, the engineers refused to consider alternatives to standard TORONTO•OTTAWA•CALGARY EDMONTON • FORT MCMURRAY concrete sidewalks or wider asphalt VANCOUVER• KELOWNA roads. Rather than risk further delays ORLANDO PROJECT MANAGERS • ENGINEERS • SURVEYORS • PLANNERS by challenging these requirements, we capitulated. This was a mistake. > Finally, it is important to create a Marshall Macklin Monaghan • Communities coordinated design with a "family of 80 Commerce Valley Dr. East buildings" that complement, rather Toronto, Ontario L3T 7N4 t: 905-882-1100 • Environment than compete with one another. This f: 905-882-0055 is best achieved through comprehensive e: [email protected] • Transportation design guidelines, administered by the www.mmm.ca city and the developer. • Infrastructure
Elll Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Planning for Food - Canada and Australia by Jim LeMaistre and Karen Thomas
Summary nspired to share their knowledge of Twelve agricultural land use practitioners from Canada and Australia collaborated to present Iavailable analytical tools, 12 Canadians three sessions around the theme of"Planning for Food" at the 2006 World Planners Congress. and Australians involved in planning for The sessions shone a spotlight on agricultural and food system planning and promoted it as agricultural land collaborated for the a necessary element in planning for community sustainability. Following the Congress, these 2006 World Planners Congress in planners joined an expanded group interested in the same theme in a day-long "Planning Vancouver. The authors coordinated a for Food" seminar. The sessions examined international, national, and provincial perspectives, joint submission to the Congress that legislation, and policies on growth management and protection of scarce farm land. Other evolved into two concurrent sessions tools examined were: tax incentives, public education programs, G/S surveys, agricultural and a roundtable on the Congress area plans, separation distances, and edge planning.Australian planners described their agenda. Holding these sessions on advocacy for the inclusion of peri-urban agriculture as an accepted part of the landscape "planning for food" was applauded by and culture. Planners are welcome to join a new "planning for food" network to share in the keynote speaker Stephen Lewis, UN evolution of this field. Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa. He noted that large populations in many Sommaire cities around the world have limited Douze praticiens en amenagement des terres agrico/es du Canada et d'Australie ont access to affordable, nutritious food. collabore afin de presenter trois seances axees sur le theme de la «Planification agricole» /ors du Congres mondial de l'urbanisme 2006. Les seances ont mis /'accent sur la For the session presenters, it was an planification de /'agriculture et de l'alimentation, insistant sur le caractere indispensable de opportunity to showcase their cette tiiche a l'egard de la planification de la durabilite des collectivites.Apres le Congres, involvement in "planning for food" ces specialistes se sont joints a un groupe etendu de gens s'interessant au meme theme initiatives. A consistent theme of the pour la tenue d'un colloque d'une journee sur la planification de la production alimentaire. sessions was the importance of integrating Les seances ont examine la perspective, la legislation et /es politiques internationales, agriculture and food systems into nationales et provinciales a l'egard de la gestion de la croissance et de la protection des planning for community sustainability. To terres agrico/es limitees. Parmi /es outils etudies, on peut citer notamment : /es mesures create healthy, sustainable communities, incitatives fisca/es, Jes programmes d'education publique, /es re/eves du SIG, /es plans des elected officials and planners must regions agrico/es, /es distances tampons et la planification du perimetre. Les planificateurs consider the social, economic, and australiens ont decrit /es efforts qu'ils consacrent en faveur de /'inclusion de /'agriculture environmental values of their agriculture. periurbaine a titre d'element accepte du paysage et de la culture. Les planificateurs sont The presentations described some policies invites ase joindre a un nouveau reseau de «planification de la production alimentaire» and techniques currently used to destine au partage de /'evolution dans le domaine. incorporate food system planning into traditional urban and regional planning. Farm located on Horse~y Rood in the Cariboo region of BC. First concurrent session: "Planning for Food - a Cornerstone of Sustainable Urbanization" Situated between Calgary and Edmonton, Red Deer County.Alberta (RDC) with its primarily agricultural roots, is being challenged by an urbanizing landscape and expectations of town-level services. Stan Bell, a County Councillor, and Brenda Hoskin, then the Long Range Planning Manager, described how their recent planning work explored new Hartman Community Garden in Kelowna, BC strategies that recognized agriculture deferred taxes plus a penalty must be and the production of food as the paid. Patty Munkittrick, MCIP, Senior foundation for other land uses. Planner with the Royal District Planning RDC studied "rural neighbourhoods", Commission, raised the question of assembled a profile of agriculture, and whether "FLIP is a flop". She noted that developed strategies for agriculture as a as farm revenues decline and land values key land use - with agri-tourism, value increase as urbanites move to the added agri-business, and increased farm countryside, more properties are being diversification being new directions. de-registered. She concluded that the Instead of dispersing population growth program is a good first step, but the throughout the rural areas, new plans result is scattered farm land preservation propose to direct it to higher-density with non-farm and urban pressures expansion around the city of Red Deer remaining high. and several other high-density, serviced Karen Thomas, Land Use Agrologist Mission Hill houses by a vineyard in Kelowna, BC nodes. RDC has been developing public with the British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, education programs to enable new Agriculture and Lands (BCMAL), stressed the need to integrate food residents to understand the importance reviewed the Strengthening Farming system planning into other plans such as of farming and farmers. Program that was developed in 1996 to land use and economic planning. "Smart The rural basin around Sydney,Australia protect farmers from nuisance actions growth" planning efforts across Canada faces waves of urbanization but, so far, and to encourage local governments to increasingly are including farm land and it can still feed the city's populace. plan for agriculture. Several tools are food supply as basic principles. Ian Knowd, Lecturer, Tourism Studies, being used increasingly by local School of Environment and Agriculture, governments in BC; GIS-based Roundtable session: University of Western Sydney, argued agricultural land use inventories, "Greenbelts, Containment, and agricultural area plans containing bylaw that agriculture is part of the cultural Livability - What's food got to landscape around Sydney and must be and business development strategies, do with it?" considered an imperative in the regional and detailed edge planning of the urban planning. He and several colleagues have agriculture interface. This session focussed on two common myths about planning for farm land been working with planners, farmers, Second concurrent session: and others in the Sydney region to protection, urban containment, and "Food and Agriculture Planning change planning practices to preserve sustainable urbanization: "We will always agriculture by creating understanding of in the European Union and be able to get our food from somewhere the social, economic, and environmental Canada" else." (Myth I) "People need places to roles of the farm land. Anne-Mette Hjalager, a consultant live and work and farm land is the only researcher and policy analyst from available land that can accommodate A New Brunswick program, Farm Land Aarhus, Denmark, spoke about the these needs." (Myth 2) There were five Identification Program (FLIP), encourages European Union's agricultural policies panellists from four jurisdictions. society to share the farm land preservation and the industry response to regional costs through a tax deferral scheme. David Mason, Leader, Urban Agriculture, and global economic and political Owners of active farms can opt to have New South Wales,Australia Department conditions. their property taxes deferred while their of Primary Industries, described his land remains in farming. If an owner Jim Hiley, land evaluation specialist, and strategic approach to planning for urban chooses to de-register from FLIP, Candace Vanin, land use analyst with agriculture in the rural fringes of Sydney.
lfilJI Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 He has been working with Ian Knowd visiting Vancouver participated in a for food" network to foster continued to ensure that economic, social, and seminar the day after the Congress. information exchange.As a first step, a environmental values of agricultural land Members of non-government listserve has been established amongst are recognised in regional planning. organizations, representatives of the these practitioners. If others interested Mason described Hawkesbury Harvest, farm community, planners, university in food system planning wish to join the a community-based organization that faculty, and government officials from listserve, they can contact Carole Denis promotes understanding of farming several countries discussed "planning for ([email protected]).As well, a series through direct farm marketing and food" experiences in several provinces of articles in Plan Canada, developed by public education programs in portions and in Australia. the presenters at the Congress and of the Sydney region. The similar approaches of B.C., Quebec, the seminar, is being planned. Future conferences or seminars are also being John Turvey, land use policy specialist and Ontario were reviewed (much of considered.The seminar proceedings with the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, the content was similar to the Congress have been posted at: Food and Rural Affairs, explained sessions). David Mason also presented http://www.agf.gov.b c.ca/ resmgmt/sf /plan Ontario's province-wide agricultural his work around Sydney.Australia. _food/pl_food_0606.htm land use policies, the greenbelt in the Manitoba's provincial policies and Greater Golden Horseshoe around planning legislation for agricultural Conclusion Toronto, and the Act for protection were described by Sheri Places to Grow Rick Balfour's challenge to consider growth management in southern Ontario. Grift, Land Use Planning Specialist in the imminent re-configuration of our society These policies and legislation are focussed Land Use Planning and Policy Branch, was the most emphatic concept presented on ensuring that soils with good Ministry of Agriculture Food and Rural at the post-Congress seminar. Planning agricultural potential remain available Initiatives. She noted that recent for community sustainability must for farming by directing population legislative changes require local plans to consider the social, economic, and growth into existing settlements where identify sites where livestock operations environmental implications of providing densities would increase. may, and may not, be allowed and to consider separation distances between an affordable, nutritious food supply. The Charles Savoie, remote sensing and GIS the livestock sites and other uses. techniques and tools presented at the specialist with the Quebec Ministry of three Congress sessions and the post Agriculture Fisheries and Food, reviewed Rick Balfour, architect and member of Congress seminar will assist planners the 27-year history of Quebec's legislation the City ofVancouver's Advisory Planning and local elected officials to plan more that preserves farm land and guides the Commission, challenged seminar effectively for agriculture and food planning of municipalities and regional participants with his future scenario for systems. Interested planners are welcome county municipalities. The objective of our cities and farms in the face of oil to join the informal "planning for food" this legislation is similar to Ontario's - and gas depletion. He stressed that for network or future conferences to share manage urban growth to protect the I 00 years urban development and information and to stay up to date with scarce farm land resource. planning in North America has been new planning methods. • based on cheap oil being available. He Gary Hall, policy planner with British estimates that within IO to 15 years, oil Columbia's Agricultural Land Commission and gas supplies will dwindle dramatically, noted the very limited land available in causing a major readjustment in our Jim LeMaistre, MCIP,AAg, worked for the province for farming and that the way of life. Suburbs dependant on cars 2 7 years in municipal planning in Surrey and "pro-forma mindset" in planning does and high-rise buildings dependant on Delta, B.C. and Guatemala, and has five years af not consider other growth management community design and planning experience with elevators will have difficulties. Some an NGO in Vancouver. He has been a land use options. B.C. led Quebec and Ontario low-density settlements may have to be planner in the Strengthening Farming Program of by creating its Agricultural Land Reserve "re-ruralized" to recover food production the Resource Management Branch, BCMAL since in the early 1970s. areas or natural areas, and cities would 2004. He can be reached at: [email protected] Tom Lancaster, Manager of Advisory have to be more compact - e.g., by Services for Smart Growth BC, infilling parking lots and building Karen Thomas, Provisional Member medium-density housing.As an example, PIBC, PAg, has worked as a planner with the challenged the audience by noting BCMAL, Resource Management Branch for the changing climates, crop yields, fossil fuel he illustrated revised settlement patterns for metro Vancouver and the past IO years. Under the Branch's Strengthening supplies and prices, finite arable land, Farming Program, Karen is involved in "planning for adjacent Fraser Valley. His presentation and the expense of sprawl are affecting agriculture". Together with other Ministry staff, she was a wake-up call at the end of an the stability of the food supply. develops agricultural policy and farm bylaw interesting day. standards to promote agriculture and land use Post-Congress "Planning for compatibility throughout the province. She can be Agricultural Land Use reached at: [email protected] Food" Seminar Practitioners' Network To continue the collaboration achieved for the World Planners Congress, the In closing the seminar, the participants many agricultural land use practitioners decided to create an informal "planning
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 lfa Planning for Wildfrre by Greg Hofmann and Russell Dauk
Summary ildfires in the Wildland Urban Communities around the world are struggling to deal with wildfire in the Wild/and Urban W Interface (WUI) have Interface (WU/) - where human development meets undeveloped/wild/and vegetation. With traditionally been seen as unplanned every wildfire event we see how readily fire suppression efforts are overpowered. Since incidents for which emergency response wild/and areas do not neatly mesh with our geopolitical boundaries, dealing with WU/ fires is required to protect lives and homes. necessitates a coordinated, collaborative and planned response engaging all levels of government as well as many interested organizations, businesses and agencies. Decision With the frequency ofWUI fires makers, planners, fire officials, communities, neighbourhoods, businesses and individuals all increasing along with the risk of need to take responsibility and deal with this issue in true partnership. experiencing catastrophic loss when Sommaire emergency response is overwhelmed, Les col/ectivites du monde entier eprouvent des difficu/tes a composer avec /es feux de those involved in wildfire suppression, foret et de vegetation qui touchent la zone d'interface urbaine - la frontiere entre l'activite who pride themselves on their ability to humaine et la vegetation des terres en friche.Avec chaque incendie, on constate a quel save lives and protect property, are point /es systemes d'extinetion peuvent etre rapidement depasses. Puisque /es zones sauvages saying they can no longer continue to n'epousent pas sagement /es limites geopolitiques fixees par la presence humaine, la gestion manage an ever-increasing WUI fire des feux de foret et de vegetation necessite une intervention coordonnee, concertee et hazard without a major change in this planifiee de taus /es paliers de gouvernement ainsi que des organismes, des entreprises et des agences concernes. Les decideurs, /es planificateurs, /es responsab/es des services de traditional perspective. In short, they are lutte contre /es incendies, /es col/ectivites, /es quartiers, /es entreprises et /es citoyens doivent asking for - and need - planning taus prendre /eurs responsabilites et aborder la question en partenariat. solutions. We need to listen and focus our attention on planning to minimize wildfire risk and loss.
Wildfire in the WUI is a man-made problem. Settlement patterns, land use A close call for a home in a wildfire area. policies, agricultural and forest management practices, and the accommodation of individual preferences have combined to create interface hazards that would otherwise not exist. Our tremendous success in fire suppression has fooled us into believing we can continue to create WUI without significant consequence; however, we now understand that our ongoing suppression efforts are affecting our environment and the health of our forests. Successful fire suppression, over time, has significantly increased fuel loads and ultimately resulted in increased fire risk and the potential for catastrophic fire.
Planners have a major role to play in addressing risks from WUI fires. Our actions or recommendations can easily make the situation exponentially worse for fire fighters, or we can begin to make changes that will reduce hazards in existing situations and in new developments. We can raise questions concerning what
-- Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 forms ofWUI development can or should fire. Our past fire suppression efforts initiatives and communicate the be accommodated. Planning must become have left us with mature forest stands appropriate response concept to fundamental to addressing this issue or which provide valuable timber but professionals, politicians, and the public." the allocation to fire suppression will which are more susceptible to fire and > "Share responsibility through development simply become unsustainable as we bring disease. We are now realizing that fire of integrated government policies clearly ourselves ever closer to catastrophic fire. has a significant value in renewing and defining the risks, roles, and responsibilities protecting the forest environment. We Extent of the Problem of all constituencies (individuals, need to manage fire rather than focus communities, industries, and governments)." In Canada, between 1980 and 2003, there on full suppression. was an average of 8,500 forest fires per > "Minimize the risk to public safety and year burning an annual mean of 2.5 million When wildfire occurs in an interface property by developing and implementing hectares. These fires placed an average setting our attention is always drawn to a Canadian FireSmart initiative with of approximately 20 communities and the property at risk and we lose sight of distinct components addressing mitigation, 70,000 people at risk each year.Annual what is lost when resources are allocated preparedness, response, and recovery." fire suppression costs range from $0.5 - to the protection of a few homes. We > "Initiate a directed and integrated $ 1.0 billion annually.' also ignore the fact that interface fires program of physical and social science typically require IO to 50 times the research and technology transfer on Canada faced an unprecedented WUI resources for suppression than non WU/ issues." fire season in 2003. Over 50 communities interface fires. Resources dedicated to were at risk, resulting in over 50,000 interface fires not only have direct The objectives of the Canadian Wildland evacuees. Three hundred and fifty homes economic costs. They also utilize Fire Strategy with regard to resilient and businesses were lost. Suppression resources that would otherwise be communities and an informed public costs exceeded $1.0 billion. Personal available to protect other forest values. present a clear framework for the role damages exceeded $200 million and of planners with regard to addressing federal disaster relief exceeded $300 The Planner's Role? WUI issues. The strategy is a call to million.' In response to recent severe fire seasons, action for planners. the Canadian Council of Forest Ministers Even at these levels, compared to other What Needs to be Done? parts of the world (e.g.Australia, Europe, produced the Canadian Wildland Fire Planners need to: the United States) Canada is fortunate Strategy,2 which is clear in its desired as our WUI risk is still relatively small.' future state and its objectives. > Understand the field. Planners do The desired future: not need to become experts in this The Value of Forests field but we can easily become Our forests serve a critical ecological "Canadians will become knowledgeable familiar with basic terminology and function in their capacity as carbon about the role of wild/and fire on the develop an understanding of WUI sinks and in maintaining water quality. forest landscape, its characteristics, the issues so that we can effectively capabilities of suppression, and the They also serve as valuable habitat and communicate and work with the potential impact of fires on ecosystems, as a much cherished recreational many others involved. communities, and individual homes. resource. Canada also supports an $82 > Understand the issue in your billion dollar forestry industry which Responsibility for development of resilient context. Armed with a basic employs hundreds of thousands of communities and for empowerment of understanding of WUI issues, we people and sustains more than 300 the public is shared among individuals, need to understand the local context. communities. These factors must be communities, industries, and governments Local forestry, public lands and fire taken into consideration when we are through a comprehensive set of actions officials will be well aware of the considering additional development in in accordance with a risk management WUI issues in the area and welcome the WUI. There are real social and framework." dialogue with the local planner. environmental costs associated with Within the strategic objectives of the high risk development in the WUI. > Understand what is at risk at Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy, the the local and individual site level. There is more at risk than just country objective for "Resilient Communities Planners need to consider the effect residences. and an Empowered Public" creates increased WUI development has on a special role and responsibility for Forest Management Challenges fire suppression and mitigation planners. The objectives are clear: With fully allocated forest resources there efforts. Creating WUI may mean that is an obvious challenge for forest managers > "Inform and engage the public through forestry and fire officials lose the when addressing the management of wild/and fire awareness and information option of using prescribed burning, an
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 important fire management tool, or Some Final Thoughts have no choice during fire events but Greg Hofmann,ACP, MCIP, is a planning There is a need to rethink the traditional consultant based in Alberta and contributed to divert resources away from Canadian approach to wildfire control. Chapter 7, entitled Land Use Planning, in protecting forests to saving We know that we cannot effectively "FireSmart: Protecting your Community from developments. Planners also need to Wildfire", more commonly known as the Partners suppress all fires through emergency in Protection FireSmart Community Planner. become familiar with the wildfire response. We know that this situation is hazard assessment tools available Russell Dauk,ACP, MCIP, has managed likely to worsen with the expansion of planning departments in several municipalities with designed to implement FireSmart interface communities, decline in forest significant WU/. He currently manages a land principles both at the site and health and climate change. We know we development company based in Edmonton. The FireSmart Community Planner was initiated when structure level. In addition, planners are losing valuable habitat, recreational Russ was Partners' President. should consider the use of FireSmart value and timber resources as we An Award of Merit from AAC/P was granted to architectural controls (e.g. requiring concentrate our efforts on protecting both authors for their contributions to Partners in FireSmart roofing material) which can interface communities. We know that Protection and the FireSmart Community Planner withstand almost all but the most interface fires are extremely costly to (distribution: 22,000 worldwide, including severe hazards and greatly reduce the fight and are requiring public funds that interactive DVD). need for additional site could be allocated elsewhere. improvements. Notwithstanding the heroism of those > Loolc for resources and models who fight forest fires, our long-term of success. Excellent WUI planning objective ought to be making each new References I. Canadian Wildland Fire: A Vision for an Innovative and resources produced in Canada are development capable of surviving a fire Integrated Approach to Managing the Risk.A already available to planners. The presentation to the MAWF - I" Fire Behavior and without the need for fire suppression Fuels Conference; March 2006. FireSmart Manual,3 published by the intervention. This can only be achieved 2. Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy: A Vision for an Innovative and Integrated Approach to Managing the Alberta-based "Partners in Protection", through planning. Addressing WUI issues Risks.A report to the Canadian Council of Forest now has a worldwide distribution of from a policy or regulatory perspective Ministers, prepared by the Canadian Wildfire Strategy Assistant Deputy Ministers Task Group; 2005. 22,000 copies. The principles embodied alone is not good enough. Building 3. FireSmart: Protecting Your Community from Wildfire. Partners in Protection; 2003. in the FireSmart Manual now underpin FireSmart communities will come from the Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy, genuine effort and the search for described earlier. Many other resources workable solutions on the ground, not that are available worldwide can help just developing and upholding policy. planners become involved in - and Even relatively small measures can have better equipped to - handle WUI issues. significant benefits and create more > Examine existing policies and resilient communities. • development standards that create new interface hazards. Policies in place to serve other objectives may be causing significant WUI risks. Perpetuating large-lot country residential subdivisions leads BA Consulting Group Ltd. to increased sprawl and WUI risk. 45 St. Clair Avenue West, Suite 300 Promoting clustering in subdivisions Toronto, Ontario M4V 1K9 GROUP reduces the WUI area while providing 416.961. 7110 (tel) 416.961.9807 (fax) Transportation the economics for water systems, [email protected] dual direction access and the creation www.bagroup.com Consultants of defensible space around the subdivisions. Conservation-design based subdivisions can be very successfully integrated with wildfire Community Transportation Planning • Preliminary & Detailed Road Design risk mitigation objectives. Transportation Impact Studies • Site Planning & Design Functional Planning • Expert Testimony Parking Feasibility, Design & Management
!m Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Fostering Disaster Resilience through Addressing Infrastructure Interdependencies by Stephanie Chang, Timothy McDaniels, Holly Longstaff and Sarah Wilmot
Summary ailures in one infrastructure system Critical infrastructure systems are vulnerable in disasters. Infrastructure losses are highly Foften cause chain reactions, disruptive to communities and frequently cause ripple effects from one system to another. compounding losses and leading to Experience data from recent disasters indicates that while virtually all infrastructure sectors catastrophe. The ripple effects of electric are disrupted by electric power outage, the most significant and frequent impacts occur from disruptions to building support, water, food storage, hospitals, public health, and road power disruptions are illustrative; for transportation. It is important to recognize and plan for such infrastructure failure example, the August 2003 blackout that interdependencies in all aspects of disaster management planning. This requires coordination affected Ontario and parts of the and information-sharing across all sectors of a community. Northeastern and Midwestern United Sommaire States shut down services from subway Les infrastructures essentielles sont vulnerab/es en cas de catastrophe. La perte d'infrastructures transportation to gas stations, telephones, est extremement prejudiciab/e a la collectivite et provoque frequemment une onde de choc cash machines, and water in high-rise qui se propage d'un systeme a /'autre. Les donnees concernant de recents desastres nous portent a croire que si pratiquement toutes Jes infrastructures peuvent etre touchees en cas buildings. In the 1995 Kobe earthquake, de panne de courant, Jes repercussions Jes plus importantes et /es plus frequentes ont trait all major infrastructure systems failed, aux perturbations qui touchent Jes services de soutien des edifices, /'eau, /'entreposage des and their compounding effects crippled aliments, Jes h6pitaux, la sante publique et le transport routier. II importe de reconnoitre the city. Power outage caused traffic /'interdependance des pannes d'infrastructures dans toutes Jes facettes de la gestion de catastrophe. Ce/a exige de la coordination et le portage d'information entre tous Jes secteurs signals to stop working, contributing to de la collectivite. traffic congestion and immobilizing emergency vehicles; even systems with backup power, like hospitals and emergency communications, could not function when the backup systems failed. Characterizing infrastructure failure interdependencies Analysts, planners, and decision makers increasingly recognize that infrastructure systems are highly connected and mutually dependent in complex ways.' Research on the problem has been growing rapidly, particularly from an engineering perspective.
This article is based on research at the University of British Columbia's Disaster Preparedness Research Centre which has focused on characterizing infrastructure failure interdependencies (IFls) in recent disasters from the standpoint of societal
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 impact.2 This approach allowed the information reported in major newspapers. storm that affected Ontario and research team to systematically gather As a data source, newspaper accounts Quebec to a government commission experience data and develop an empirical provide some compelling advantages for report4 that resulted from over six knowledge base to support disaster studying IFis: they emphasize impacts on months of investigation, including 44 public management planning. This approach, in people. They are readily accessible and hearings and 20 citizens' forums. While documenting what has previously occurred, publicly available at low cost. They cover the report explains that 30,000 merchants complements technical approaches that all types of hazards and disasters. They were forced to suspend activities when model interdependencies and predict provide daily snapshots of impacts as the power outages were most numerous, what could potentially occur. What was they unfold. They are comprehensive in it does not provide detail on the types also important is that by focusing on scope, covering all sectors of a community. of merchants (retail, restaurants, impacts, the team was able to identify No other type of data source - surveys, manufacturing, hotels) or specific reasons and focus attention on those IFls that interviews, field observations, or that they suspended activities (such as are most significant from a community commission reports - provides all of loss of heating, inability to get staff, or perspective. these important advantages. lack of supplies).The corresponding media reports did not list all 30,000 cases, but The research team's knowledge base Print media do, however, entail some key did provide details on the types of builds on a data framework that was limitations. The team expected a bias businesses affected and the specific developed by the team for characterizing toward greater coverage of the more impacts. IFis. The team aimed to systematically sensational impacts; indeed, media coverage capture the essential features of IFls and can be unreliable or even misleading in A survey of emergency planners and their consequences in order to answer post-disaster situations.3 An event may other relevant personnel was conducted such questions as: what infrastructure be relatively under- or over-reported, to confirm and supplement the team's sectors are most vulnerable to IFls? depending on what other stories are data on airport disruptions in the What types of IFls cause the most competing in the news cycle. Infrastructure August 2003 blackout in eastern Canada severe consequences? What patterns of providers, large corporations, and others and the northeastern United States. This IFls occur in all disasters, and what may be reluctant to publicly report their was a difficult process that took nearly occurrences are unique, for example, to losses due to concerns about security four months to complete. Respondents ice storms? The research framework or liability. IFls affecting rural areas or were reluctant to participate due to the captured information on three major disadvantaged populations may be sensitive nature of the information dimensions: the initiating event (e.g., under-reported. under discussion, and some airport cause of blackout), the infrastructure The team addressed these issues in two personnel had to receive permission to interdependency (e.g., dependent ways. First, analysis was focused on the participate from facility managers, which infrastructure, order of interdependency, most significant IFis - those that affected took many weeks. The findings, while restart time), and the societal large numbers of people, for example, revealing some gaps in our data, consequences. and are hence less likely to suffer from confirmed that the media reports were Consequences are described in terms of reporting biases. Second, several exercises generally accurate. five characteristics: type (e.g., health to "spot-check" and verify the database Patterns,concerns,and impact), severity, duration, spatial extent, were completed. Media data were mitigation opportunities and number of people affected. From compared to information gathered combining these characteristics, the independently from a targeted survey, The research team's database currently team defined an Impact Index and an an extensive interview study, data includes over 900 distinct IFls that Extent Index for each IFI. From the gathered in disaster field reconnaissance, occurred in nine disasters, from major standpoint of increasing community and a major investigative commission power outages to hurricanes, ice storm, resilience to disasters, planners should report. and earthquake.Analysis reveals some first consider addressing those IFls characterized by both high impact and Validation results indicated that media interesting patterns and promising large extent. Less than one percent of all data on IFls and their impacts are opportunities for reducing risk before IFls in the database fall into this category. generally quite reliable, providing the next disaster occurs. accurate and sometimes more detailed Data sources and issues accounts of IFls than reports from other Figure I indicates pathways by which The research team's study draws data sources. For example, the research team power outage in the August 2003 blackout primarily from a systematic search of compared its database on the 1998 ice affected other infrastructure sectors
9 Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 FIGURE I: INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE INTERDEPENDENCIES IN systems, and road transportation. Some THE AUGUST 2003 BLACKOUT of these findings may be surprising.All have the propensity to seriously impact cities, and should be considered high priority in risk mitigation planning.
Thinking holistically Secure communities require critical 911 infrastructure systems that deliver key Ambulance services even during extreme events Shelters like storms, earthquakes, floods, or other disasters. Yet infrastructure systems face pressures from growing demand, and difficulties in expanding capacity. Strained during normal conditions, their ability to deliver services during extreme events is limited, and systems may fail. Risk of large-scale
ATM failures in electric power systems, for 5 Banks example, is increasing. Because of
CredllGards infrastructure interdependencies, I Exchan e increasing risk in one system has ripple effects in other systems. The cumulative effect is that cities face an escalating risk of extreme event disasters.
IFls are an important and often overlooked - Major disturbances to a large percentage of the population D Event source of community disruption in - Major disturbances to a small percentage of the population disasters. They should be considered in C:J Minor to moderate disturbances to a large percentage of the population Affected Infrastructure C:J Minor lo moderate disturbances to a small percentage of the population -0 all aspects of disaster management Affected No Entries Subsystem planning, from pre-disaster preparedness and mitigation to planning for disaster and subsectors, and demonstrates the Comparing patterns across events revealed response and recovery. For example, IFls pattern of consequences to affected that while the majority of consequences should be incorporated into disaster communities. Consequences were in the August 2003 blackout were scenarios, which are routinely used in categorized using the team's Impact and economic, the 1998 ice storm and 2004 emergency response planning and Florida hurricanes tended to have more Extent indices, and range from minor or exercises.A recent example is the Blue health consequences. This may be due moderate disturbances affecting a small Cascades project - tabletop exercises to seasonality of the disasters and the that have brought together critical percentage of the population (white durations of the outages. Certain IFis infrastructure providers, emergency boxes in the figure) to major disturbances occurred across many events, regardless responders, and stakeholder groups affecting a large percentage of the of the season and the initiating cause of from British Columbia and the U.S. population (dark boxes).The figure the event (technological failure vs. Pacific Northwest to understand, shows that virtually all infrastructure extreme weather). anticipate, and respond to IFis in subsectors were disrupted by the earthquake and cyber security disasters.6 Comparison across several disasters power outage. Particularly significant Such coordination is also essential at found that highly significant impacts are the community level. consequences occurred because of frequently caused by power-related disruptions to various utility and disruptions to building HVAC (heating, IFls should also be considered in pre transportation subsectors. Disruptions ventilation, and air conditioning) disaster mitigation planning. Overlooking to health care, government, and systems, urban water supply systems, such interdependencies will lead to businesses were also significant. food storage, hospitals, public health systematic underinvestment in safety,
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 rendering communities more vulnerable heightened security concerns. But to disaster. Installing backup power in paradoxically, by reducing the risk of Dr. Stephanie Chang is an associate professor at the University of British Columbia's (UBC) traffic signals, for example, may be a interdependent failures, coordination School of Community and Regional Planning small investment with substantial and sharing of information about (SCARP) and Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability (IRES). She holds a Canada benefits in times of disaster.An on-site vulnerabilities may actually make Research Chair in Disaster Management and well to access groundwater may enable communities more secure. Planners can Urban Sustainability. Dr. Timothy Mc Daniels a hospital to remain open when water play an important role in facilitating is a professor at SCARP and IRES at UBC. Holly Longstaff is a PhD candidate in Interdisciplinary is unavailable from the pipeline network. these efforts. • Studies at UBC. Sarah Wilmot is a master's Such investments require resource student at SCARP. This research was supported by allocation tradeoffs. To make wise the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant number CMS-0332002 and carried out at the decisions, infrastructure providers and Disaster Preparedness Research Centre (DPRC) user groups must share information at SCARP. about how their systems are likely to Please e-mail them at [email protected] perform, or fail, in future disasters. Such for more information about their study. openness is difficult in an era of
References and Notes I. Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. Government of Canada Position Paper on a National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection; 2004. 2. See Also: Chang S, McDaniels TL, Mikawoz J, Peterson K. Infrastructure failure interactions in extreme events: the 1998 Ice Storm. Natural Hazards (in press). 3. Barsky L, Trainor J, Torres M. Disaster realities in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina: Revisiting the looting myth, Boulder, CO: Natural Hazards Center, University of Colorado, Quick Response Report No. 184; 2006, 4. Nicolet Commission. Facing the unforeseeable: Lessons from the Ice Storm of '98. Rapport de la Commission scientifique et technique chargee d'analyser les evenements relatifs a la tempete de verglas survenue du 5 au 9 janvier 1998, Quebec ; I 999. 5. Amin M. North American Electricity Infrastructure : System Security, Quality, Reliability,Availability, and Efficiency Challenges and Their Societal Impacts. Ch. 2 in : Continuing Crises in National Transmission Infrastructure : Impacts and Options for Modernization. Report by the U.S. National Science Foundation ; 2004. 6. Available at: www.pnwer.org/pris/Blue%20cascades%20lll.htm
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lllill Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Delivering Liveable Communities: Brownfield Redevelopment for Housing by Cynthia Rattle
Summary Brownfields - Challenges and The Canada Housing and Mortgage Corporation (CMHC) recently undertook research Opportunities which examined the progress that has been made in Canada in addressing the challenges he National Round Table on the facing residential brownfield redevelopment. The research also profiled brownfield built TEnvironment and the Economy projects, and initiatives designed to support and encourage brownfield redevelopment. estimates that there are 30,000 The case studies provide insights into the lessons learned and the factors contributing to brownfields in Canada. 1 Many are the success of these projects. They demonstrate that despite the challenges, brownfield located in our urban areas. They range properties are being successfully redeveloped across the country. from small sites that were once Sommaire locations of dry cleaners and gas La SCHL a recemment entrepris des travaux de recherche portant sur /es progres qui ant stations, to large industrial sites with ete realises au Canada en matiere de reamenagement des terrains residentie/s contamines. complex contamination issues. Les travaux ant aussi porte sur des projets realises sur des sites contamines et des As properties that may be contaminated, initiatives destinees a favoriser et a soutenir le reamenagement des terrains contamines. Les etudes de cas donnent un apen;u des lefons apprises et des facteurs contribuant au brownfields pose potential environmental succes de tels projets. Elles demontrent que malgre /es obstacles, des sites contamines and health risks. Once remediated, the peuvent etre reamenages dans le pays tout entier. redevelopment of brownfields promises significant opportunities. Many are in prime locations for redevelopment. Urban brownfields are typically located where there is existing infrastructure and close to places of work, shopping, View of Quoi des Ec/usiers, Montreal.
Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 and recreational and cultural facilities. • The availability of financial incentives Because of their location, brownfields Brownfield Case Studies and alternative approaches for offer terrific opportunities for new remediation to help reduce costs: Nine built projects and two housing.And their redevelopment can In some instances, the contamination brownfield initiatives have been result in truly great neighbourhoods and was minimal and/or the market profiled by CMHC. bring new life and vitality to an area. demand for housing was strong, so Brownfield Built Projects the added cost of clean up and any Many have not been remediated and costs associated with a lengthier redeveloped because of the challenges London Landing, Richmond approvals process did not hinder a they face. Key barriers include uncertainty Brandt's Creek Crossing, Kelowna development from proceeding - such regarding regulatory and civil liability, Oliver Village, Edmonton was the case for the London Landing and financial and regulatory challenges. Wellington Square, Cambridge project. Other developments benefited Developers, municipalities, lenders and The Hamilton Beaches, Hamilton from financial incentives for brownfields the public often lack information that Spencer Creek Village, Dundas (Hamilton Beaches, Wellington Square, would help them understand the (Hamilton) Quai des Eclusiers, Le Cours Chaboillez options available for remediation and Quai des Eclusiers, Montreal and Spencer CreekVillage). In these the risks and benefits of brownfield instances, the developer typically redevelopment. Le Cours Chaboillez, Montreal Abe Zakem House, Charlottetown received grants towards all or some There are planning related challenges of the costs of environmental studies, too - more about these shortly. But Brownfield Initiatives and/or the cost of remediation and where there is an ample supply of land Hamilton Environmental Remediation mitigation measures. Planning and for greenfield development, the appeal and Site Enhancement (ERASE) development fee rebates and for developing brownfields is diminished. Community Improvement Plan, development charge reductions were For a municipality looking to encourage Hamilton sometimes available. The Cities of brownfield redevelopment the challenge Atlantic Risk-Based Corrective Action Cambridge and Hamilton for example, is to find ways to level the playing field (RBCA) Process,Atlantic Provinces offer financial incentive programs as between brownfield and greenfield part of their brownfield strategies. development. The Province of Quebec offered similar incentives under its Revi-sols Learning from the Experience include: complex and/or lengthy planning approval processes, program. Alternative remediation of Others processes better suited to greenfield technologies are beginning to replace CMHC's brownfield case studies include developments, neighbourhood the traditional approach of "dig and nine residential developments and opposition and additional dump" and can help reduce costs. In mixed-use projects with residential development costs. It was interesting the case of the Hamilton Beaches components. Two brownfield initiatives to see that neighbourhood project, bioremediation was expected also profiled include a municipal opposition was related to issues such to provide a 60% cost savings. Risk brownfield strategy and a provincial/ as building scale, impact on assessment and risk management private sector initiative that encourages community character and traffic, and approaches provided cost reductions the remediation of petroleum the potential loss of views - and not for the Abe Zakem House and contaminated properties. (See sidebar the contamination. The public only Le Cours Chaboillez developments. for the list of built projects and raised concerns about contamination • Municipal support: Strong municipal initiatives). Together these case studies for the Abe Zakem House project in support and cooperation was provide lessons learned and identify the Charlottetown where three identified by several developers as factors that contributed to their success neighbouring residential properties key contributors to their project's - insights that can be valuable to others had been contaminated by previous success. In some cases, municipal looking to pursue similar developments site activities. financial support was provided through or provide tangible encouragement and • Clean up costs added to the overall means other than brownfield strategies. support for projects in their communities. development cost, with expenditures Edmonton covered some of the The following list of challenges and ranging from a low of $35,000 for the infrastructure costs associated with success factors represents a summary London Landing project in Richmond Oliver Village. Charlottetown donated of these insights: to $8.2 million for Le Cours municipal land for Abe Zakem House. Challenges Chaboillez in Montreal. The developer of Wellington Square took advantage of financial incentives What were the primary challenges faced Success Factors associated with Cambridge's core by these brownfield developments? What were the factors that contributed area program which included the • Not surprisingly, the developments to the success of these brownfield waiving of development application that are the focus of the case studies redevelopments? According to the and building permit fees and exemption shared challenges that are typically developers and municipal staff, the success from all development charges. experienced by other kinds of factors include: Edmonton, Cambridge and Montreal residential intensification. These provided non-financial support by
mll Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 ensuring the appropriate zoning was Brownfield Redevelopment - zoning is in place, that reflects the vision in place (pre-zoning), thus eliminating Benefits and Contributor to and goals, for neighbourhoods where the need for rezoning applications Liveable Communities brownfields are located. and reducing the length of the In addition to improving derelict sites These case studies provide evidence approvals process for the Oliver and bringing them back to productive that brownfields hold great potential to Village, Wellington Square and Quai use, these developments are creating add to the housing stock in existing des Eclusiers projects. Hamilton is 3,315 new residential units, ranging from built up areas, and make efficient use of taking a facilitative role. The City's affordable (Abe Zakem House) to land and existing infrastructure. brownfield coordinator acted as luxury (Brandt's Creek Crossing). They Encouraging brownfield redevelopment liaison between the Hamilton Beaches are contributing to the revitalization of is one approach available to municipalities developer and the neighbourhood their neighbourhoods and have brought to manage growth and embrace and city departments throughout the in new customers for local businesses sustainable development and promote planning process. The City also (Abe Zakem House, Wellington Square). Smart Growth. • partnered with the developer for site All have or will result in increased remediation and provided technical property tax revenues (approximately assistance for the proposal call for $1.9 million annually for Quai des bids to undertake the remediation. Eclusiers for example, vs. the property's • Effective stakeholder engagement: pre-redevelopment taxes of $25,000). Cynthia Rattle, MCIP, RPP, is a senior As with other types of residential researcher in CMHC's Policy and Research intensification, effective and early Division. She specializes in sustainable community stakeholder engagement can help development and was project manager for overcome neighbourhood opposition CMHC's recent brownfield research. For further and build project support. Canada information on CMHC's brownfield research or if Lands Company engaged the you know of a brownfield project or initiative which you believe would make a good case study and be community and neighbourhood of interest to others, Cynthia can be reached at: associations early on when planning [email protected] Brandt's Creek Crossing, an approach they plan to use again for other developments. • Flexibility and creativity on the part of all those involved:The case studies also illustrate the value of flexibility, creativity and cooperation. The developer of Le Cours Chaboillez Site of the former Bertram Foundry, Spencer Creek. switched to interior above ground parking to avoid removal and disposal Together developers, environmental of contaminated soils as part of a risk consultants and remediation specialists, management approach to remediation. lenders and all orders of government Spencer Creek Village's developer can make valuable contributions to employed extensive sorting and addressing the challenges to brownfield recycling of on-site materials to redevelopment. The case studies reduce demolition expenses. demonstrate that planners have an Neighbourhood opposition was important role to play, such as helping overcome by the Hamilton Beaches to reduce the length of the approvals developer by redesigning the project process by establishing a clear vision to address building height concerns. and goals, and ensuring that appropriate
References I. National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. Cleaning up the Past, Building the Future.A National Brownfield Redevelopment Strategy for Canada; 2003.
Further Reading Canada Housing and Mortgage Corporation. Brownfield Redevelopment for Housing: Literature Review and Analysis; 2004. This article is based on a presentation that was part of the 2006 World Planners Congress session: Turning Brownfield Properties into Sustainable Residential Neighbourhoods. The presentation draws on the results of CMHC's research on the barriers to brownfield redevelopment for housing and the brownfield case studies. This research was undertaken on CMHC's behalf by RCI Consulting and Regional Analytics Inc. The full brownfield case studies are available at: http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/inpr/su/sucopllsucopl_004.cfm A research highlight summarizing the case studies is available at: http://www.cmhc.ca/od/1pid=652 I 8 Additional brownfield built projects and initiatives are profiled in CMHC's residential intensification case studies and can be found by searching the CMHC web site using the term "brownfield". The research highlight summarizing the review of barriers to residential brownfield redevelopment is available at: http://www.cmhc.ca/od/1pid=63948 To access other CMHC research, visit CMHC at www.cmhc.ca or call 1-800-668-2642.
Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 lllliJI Progress in Implementing Smart Growth in the Greater Vancouver Regional District by Cheeying Ho
had the pleasure of participating as a Ipanel member in a 2006 World Planners Congress session based on a research paper by Ray Tomalty and Don Alexander entitled Smart Growth in Canada:A Report Card.' This report examined six urban areas in six provinces, and their efforts and progress in planning and implementing smart growth. The six areas studied were focused around Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Saskatoon, Calgary, and Vancouver. The report used IO indicators of smart growth in order to evaluate progress in each city region (see list in sidebar). My primary role on the panel was to comment on how well the Greater
Smart Growth Indicators:
Productive farmland outside ofVancouver. I. Directs growth to already urbanized areas. Summary 2. Takes advantage of specific The Greater Vancouver Regional District leads the regions in Canada on its implementation intensification opportunities. of smart growth in many areas, largely due to the implementation of the Livable Region 3. Encourages denser, mixed-use Strategic Plan, and to the success of the Agricultural Land Reserve. However, there remain development in greenfield areas. challenges, particularly in the areas of affordable housing, reducing car usage, and employment location. The Greater Vancouver area, especially the City of Vancouver, is one 4. Increases supply of new of the most expensive places in Canada to own a home. There are a number of local affordable housing. government tools that can be better utilized to provide more affordable housing, while 5. Improves range of housing types. reducing sprawl and protecting our farmland and natural spaces. 6. Increases transportation choice and reduces car usage. Sommaire 7. Preserves agricultural lands. Le district regional du Grand Vancouver vient en tete des regions au Canada pour son recours aux principes de croissance intelligente dans plusieurs secteurs, mais surtout groce 8. Preserves lands essential to a /'application du plan strategique de region habitable (Livable Region Strategic Plan) et au maintaining regional ecosystem succes de sa reserve de terres agrico/es (Agricultural Land Reserve). Toutefois, certains defis functions. subsistent dont, notamment, le /ogement a prix abordab/e, la reduction de /'utilisation de la 9. Directs employment to voiture et la localisation des emplois. La region du Grand Vancouver et plus particulierement, strengthen the core and la Ville de Vancouver, constitue l'un des endroits ou le coat de la propriete est le plus e/eve designated sub-centres. au Canada. II existe un certain nombre d'outils gouvernementaux qui pourraient etre I 0. Provides infrastructure to reduce /'acces utilises a meilleur escient afin de faciliter a la propriete tout en reduisant ecological impacts of development. /'eta/ement urbain et en protegeant Jes terres agricoles et Jes espaces nature/s.
EDI Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) Smart Growth BC's recent report, mandate for protecting its farmland and was doing in terms of these smart growth "Promoting Public Health through green space, and each municipality indicators, and in particular to comment Smart Growth", found that density, mix needs to have more effective policies on how the area shaped up with respect of use and connectivity are the three and strategies for the protection of to density (mixed-use development), most important factors to encourage farmland. This would include more housing affordability and diversity, and walkability and healthier communities. emphasis on efficient use of developed preservation of agricultural lands. The report concluded that it is not land so that the pressure for developing sufficient simply to build higher density Report Findings farmland is reduced. residential developments; it is also 3. Geographic Constraints In general, the report findings showed essential to build mixed-use, complete that the GVRD has accomplished the communities with good walking and The region is fortunate in that it is most in terms of encouraging density transit access. The report also noted the situated in a spectacular natural (mixed-use development) and preservation potential for much greater intensification environment; bordered by the ocean of agricultural lands. However, it has not of development along arterials through and the Coast Mountains. These done as well in terms of providing the creation and expansion of mixed geographic features form a natural affordable housing, reducing car usage, or use nodes and corridors. This helps take constraint to sprawling development. directing employment to designated areas. pressure off the regional town centres 4. The decision not to build a freeway Why has the GVRD rated so well in two and bring development closer to the in the 1980s out of three of the key report findings? street level, encouraging more at-grade Thanks to a strong citizen lobby, the From a smart growth perspective, the transit and walkability. proposed freeway through the City of GVRD has enjoyed success due to a 2. Agricultural Land Reserve Vancouver was quashed.As a result, number of factors, some intentional, some The Agricultural Land Reserve, created by happenstance. These factors include: with no significant expansion in road in 1973, is arguably the single most capacity, increases in traffic and rural I. Livable Region Strategic Plan effective urban containment tool in the development have been somewhat The Livable Region Strategic Plan 2 is the region, and has been very effective in curbed.All this may change, however, region's growth strategy that describes containing development over the past if the Province's proposed Gateway where and how growth should occur, 30 years. In a study jointly released by Program that includes the twinning of and the related land uses to make that Smart Growth BC and the Sightline the Port Mann Bridge and Highway I happen. While there has been debate as Institute (formerly Northwest Environment are implemented. The GVRD board's to its effectiveness, including governance Watch) in 2002,3 a comparison of recent vote to "strongly oppose" the issues, the strategic plan has been quite Greater Vancouver and Greater Seattle proposed bridge and highway expansion successful in shaping growth and showed that even though both regions because of the inconsistency with the development. For example, in growth grew at approximately the same rate, Livable Region Strategic Plan demonstrates concentration areas (those designated Seattle paved over rural/farmland at a a strong show of support for the for growth in the strategic plan), denser, pace of IO acres/day, compared to principles of the plan. mixed-use developments are occurring. Vancouver at four acres/day. The eight regional town centres identified 5. Good Planning and While it is an effective urban containment in the plan have had reasonable success Plan Implementation tool, the reserve has also been a long in attracting residential growth, but not Last, but not least, there has been good range economic generator supporting a employment growth.Along arterials, planning and implementation throughout very significant local farming industry especially in the City ofVancouver, the region, not just by local government, with $2.2 billion in annual farm gate intensification is clearly evident. There is but by professional sectors, community sales, $5.3 billion in food processing significant construction of residential groups, active non-governmental sales, and $21.9 billion in total consumer space above retail space, and underutilized organizations, and citizens. food sales which generates over sites have been re-developed as mixed 280,000 jobs in B.C. and directly Room for Improvement: use developments. However, on the supports over 20,000 farm families. downside, lower-density residential, Housing Diversity and segregated from commercial and However, the agricultural land reserve is Affordability business use, still comprises much of the constantly under threat as the region While the area and municipalities region's development. There has been a has seen a number of applications for encompassed by the GVRD have much proliferation of business parks outside excluding significant land from the to be commended from a smart growth of the designated town centres, and reserve for development. In order for perspective, the report also identified highway oriented retail zoning is still the GVRD to contain its development, areas of weakness, in particular housing prevalent throughout the region. the district needs to have a stronger diversity and affordability.
Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 !Em In the region overall, the proportion of Conclusion single detached housing has dropped Cheeying Ho is the Executive Director of Smart Although the GVRD has done better Growth B.C., the leading-edge province-wide non over the years. In fact, in the City of than other regions in Canada on most governmental organization promoting sustainable Vancouver, no more single detached smart growth indicators, there is still land use and development. Her work includes housing is being built. The Mayor of room for improvement. Integrated program development, advancing smart growth Vancouver has recently announced the policies, leading research, and speaking on smart planning for land use, housing, growth issues. Most recently, she finished her role EcoDensity Initiative, a plan to significantly transportation and economic development as a member of the Prime Minister's External increase density in all neighbourhoods on a regional level is essential, and all Advisory Committee on Cities and Communities. across the city. However, the region still municipalities need to buy-into the long Cheeying can be emailed at: [email protected] needs much greater diversity of housing range plan. The Agricultural Land Reserve to accommodate a growing population, is British Columbia's strongest urban as well as an aging population. This is containment boundary and needs to be particularly important given that Greater protected and strengthened, by the Vancouver is becoming an increasingly Province and by local government.And expensive place to purchase a home, to help ensure that our beautiful region and that the City of Vancouver now has is affordable to live in, we need to look the highest median home prices in the beyond the market at tools available to country. local governments that will help improve The region also needs to reduce sprawl housing diversity and affordability. • to help increase housing affordability. While it is well understood that sprawl impacts the natural environment, it also References I. Tomalty R,Alexander D. Smart Growth in Canada: Implementation of a Planning Concept. CMHC;August 2005. affects affordability of housing by 2. Livable Region Strategic Plan. Greater Vancouver Regional District; 1999. increasing the costs of transportation, 3. Sprawl and Smart Growth in Greater Vancouver: Nor~hwest Envi~~nment W~t:h. Smart Growth BC; 2002. . 4. Local Government Guide for Improving Market Housing Affordability. B.C. Ministry of Forests and Range, Housing reducing diversity of housing choice, Department; 2005. promoting the inefficient use of land, and increasing short- and long-term infrastructure costs to taxpayers. r;. .;, A number of municipalities have been working to address the affordability issue through innovative zoning tools.4 I For example, the City of Burnaby (with N four town centres) employs density T bonusing that permits higher density E on a site in exchange for community amenities such as affordable housing G units. Significant reductions in on-site R parking requirements have also been I supported at the UniverCity on T Burnaby Mountain, next to the Simon y Fraser University campus. The City of Surrey has been promoting inclusionary zoning in neighbourhoods such as East Clayton where regulations for a range of densities and housing forms have been introduced (including secondary suites and coach houses).The City is also applying Development Cost ESTABLISHED 1990 Charges on a per square foot rather than per unit basis; this has tended to reduce unit size and promote higher '.Jdicfiae[qag11011 Li(y Law ]e1111ifer(Bozzo unit density. Ph: (905) 796-5790 Fax: (905) 796-5792 21 Queen Street East. Suite 500. Brampton, Ontario. L9W 3P1
g Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Needed by Community Designers by Sheri Blake
Summary ommunity design is an alternative This article explores the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to be effective as a Cpractice in planning, design, and community designer working in disinvested neighbourhoods. It provides a definition of related disciplines that seeks to demystify community design, based on its origins as a multidisciplinary practice in support of social expert practice while valuing local justice.A range of authors have discussed curriculum content required for community design. knowledge. The profession emerged in This article builds on their work, proposing the range of knowledge, skills and attitudes to the early I 960s in support of local be applied to the development of a critical pedagogy or for existing practitioners to be able residents fighting to save their neighbour to identify gaps in their own practices. A portion of this work was presented in a workshop hoods from decline. Typically, community at the 2006 World Planners Congress. designers collaborate with non-profit community-based organizations and Sommaire local residents in the revitalization of Cet article examine /es connaissances, /es competences et /es attitudes necessaires au disinvested communities, urban and travail en conception des col/ectivites dans /es quartiers en declin. II fournit une definition rural. They value both process and de la conception des col/ectivites reposant sur ses origines de pratique mutidisciplinaire de product. They understand that design is soutien a /'equite sociale. De nombreux auteurs se sont penches sur /e contenu d'un not solely about "fashioning more programme d'etudes en conception des col/ectivites. Cet article s'appuie sur /e travail de ces handsome buildings, interesting views or auteurs et propose un jeu de connaissances, de competences et d'attitudes a appliquer au attractive landscapes:' It is also about developpement d'une pedagogie critique ou permettant aux praticiens actue/s de cemer /es providing local stakeholders with the /acunes potentie//es dons leur propre pratique. Une partie de ce travail a ete presente /ors knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary d'un atelier tenu dons /e cadre du Congres mondial de l'urbanisme 2006. "to shape their own preferred futures ... in a far more systematic, thoughtful, and democratic manner than current practice:'1 Community design encompasses aesthetics, affordability, accessibility Knowledge, skills, and attitudes at work. (political, economic, social, cultural and physical/environmental), collaboration, communication and knowledge sharing. The Association for Community Design (ACD), a network organization for community design centers, states that it is committed to equity and justice, diversity, participatory decision-making, quality of life, integrative approaches, place-based solutions and design excellence.2 Community Design in Action Community designers apply an asset based, community-building approach to community and economic development (as opposed to a needs-based, community service approach).They apply knowledge in the four key areas of community revitalization: socio-cultural, economic, physical/environmental and organizational
Plan Winter/Hive, 2006 ~ capacity building/governance. Their design TABLE I: KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS AND ATTITUDES interests involve the identification of FOR COMMUNITY DESIGNERS opportunities for integration of these (Adapted from ACSA, 1971; Sandercock, 1998; Blake, 2003/2006; Doble and Thering, 2003; Jones, 2006) areas, informed by an understanding of how to address complex issues of Knowledge power, gender, race, class and related • Social history and theory in the context of planning and design aspects of social justice. Community • Pedagogies of professional practice: exploring dominant and alternative practices around the designers strive to shift control of assets world, tensions between professions (opportunities and barriers) and power over the decision-making • Understanding "community", politics, power, and knowledge and the implications on our built process to otherwise structurally environment disadvantaged communities - along the • Adult education lines of Sandercock's "insurgent • Place making: places not spaces practitioners". 3 • Neighbourhood change theory and Community Economic Development (CED) approaches • Cross-cultural literacies Generally, community designers work in • Organizational development, organizational learning, and capacity building interdisciplinary contexts with specialists • Art and activism from multiple fields. For example, when • Scales of design: from regional to neighbourhood, from exterior to interior - what do you need the Minnesota Design Team collaborates to know to work at a specific scale and how to integrate design disciplines with a rural community, they invite • Community organizing, social and environmental justice • Policy analysis:Who is in, who is out/ specialists from the fields of architecture, • Environmental ethics and sustainability landscape architecture, city and regional planning, economic development, Skills (Technical) interior design, architectural history, • Research methods (conventional and alternative processes), program evaluation, process anthropology, marine biology, agriculture, evaluation, post-occupancy evaluation horticulture, forestry, and tourism, • Participatory planning and design methods (tools, techniques, applications in creative community depending on local context.' It would be engagement, building design and development literacies, balancing process and product, identifying impossible to create an educational stakeholder groups) • Community management (of development process; of facility/landscape once it is built) framework encompassing all of these • Reading and interpreting landscapes disciplines. However, to be able to work • Low-cost construction methods (while valuing quality design) effectively in collaboration with local • Life span versus investment choices residents to effect real social change, • Techniques in historic preservation and conservation there are certain knowledge, skills and • Impact assessment attitudes necessary for good practice. • Affordable and alternative methods in housing design • Sustainable planning, design and landscape ecology Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes • Legislative tools - opportunities and barriers Several practitioners and educators have • Non-profit real estate development, cost-estimating, and project management been exploring community design • Business plans, developing and managing budgets, cost-benefit analysis 4 0 education in recent years. • A particularly Skills (Communication) good practitioner example is the • Academic, policy, and report writing, technical writing, grant writing, request for proposals Detroit Collaborative Design Center • Building a communication plan (see sidebar). Building on this work, a • Reframing language for community participation literature review, and my own personal • Graphic design - drawing and computers experiences of technical assistance • Facilitating, interviewing, listening, understanding body language, communicating provision in Winnipeg's inner city, I have • Relationship building developed a set of knowledge, skills and • Conflict resolution and mediation attitudes to be applied to curriculum • Group process skills, power dynamics and interdisciplinary team work design for community design education. • Learning how to deliver bad news • Recording histories (keeping a history of actions/results and referencing it frequently) At the World Planners Congress 2006 (WPC), I ran a workshop with Attitudes (Values and Ethics) professional planners to identify • Reflective practice: understanding systems of oppression and how to adapt practices knowledge, skills and attitudes needed • Charity or CED/: Developing an ethics of capacity building (recognizing there are two main types by community designers.9 For the of leadership) • Recognizing and respecting difference, understanding behaviour, identifying root causes purposes of the workshop, I provided • Social change approaches to CD/CED the definition of community design • Valuing local knowledge described above and a sample of the • Valuing design knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary • Valuing co-creation for the planning, design and development • Transparency and full disclosure of affordable housing, as an example. • Engendering trust organizationally and across departments Integrating Jones' recommendations8 • Tolerance, trust, respect with research I have conducted to date, This list of knowledge, skills and attitudes is a work-in-progress. Please send your comments/additions this sample was intended as a model of to Sheri Blake at: [email protected]. Special thanks to Allison Lazaruk for her research support. what a summer institute could focus on
Ell Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 in a given year, for the purposes of > Attitudes (along with values and professional continuing education.A full ethics) most clearly distinguish Sheri Blake, DEng (Arch), MCIP, is list of knowledge, skills and attitudes community designers from other Associate Prafessor, Department of City Planning, relevant to community design practice is professionals. Community designers University of Manitoba. She recently completed a documentary, "Detroit Collaborative Design Center ... listed in Table I, including additions from recognize and respect difference, amplifying the diminished voice" (62', Sou International the WPC workshop. even celebrate it. They value local Ltd.), the first of four films on demystifying expert knowledge, collaborative processes, What Was Learned? practice. She also provides technical assistance to high quality design, co-creation, non-profit organizations in Winnipeg. The following observations can be made transparency and full disclosure. They about the knowledge, skills and attitudes have developed an ethics of capacity needed by community designers: building, moving beyond charity to Detroit Collaborative Design Center > Knowledge must incorporate an community economic development exploration of social history and approaches. They are able to distinguish Detroit Collaborative Design Center (DCDC) is a non-profit architecture firm, the theory, pedagogies of practice, between two types of leadership - engagement arm of the University of Detroit tensions between the professions, the bull in the china shop approach versus the mutual knowledge-sharing Mercy School of Architecture. They work the relationship between politics, exclusively with non-profit community-based approach - to working with individuals power and the built environment, organizations and local stakeholders. They neighbourhood change theory, and organizations. Finally, they recognize provide planning and design support on environmental ethics and an that everyone has an expertise to activist interventions, to bring attention to understanding of who's in/who's out. bring to the table. local issues; facility and housing design; and neighbourhood planning. The film, "Detroit The list of knowledge, skills and attitudes > Skills must move beyond the Collaborative Design Center ... amplifying the conventions of land use planning to is not intended as a comprehensive list diminished voice" highlights some of the build an understanding of creative of curriculum subjects. Discipline-specific work of the design center as they challenge community engagement, how to subjects could be added depending on the myths about participatory community select stakeholders and build the nature of the program of education design. Planners and designers often claim understanding among them, while and the target audience. For example, stakeholders cannot participate because they respecting local knowledge. However, one program may target affordable lack expert knowledge; that participation it does not mean that hard skills are housing designers and developers; costs too much; and it compromises the quality of design.The one-hour film explores not important. There is a need to another may focus on the range of and explodes these myths. The small team understand how to produce high communication skills necessary for (two to three core staff) are highly trained in quality design while incorporating effective practice. The list of knowledge, participatory design and related communication low-cost construction methods or to skills and attitudes is intended as a skills. They build design and development be able to evaluate building life span framework for a critical science of literacies throughout the process, while versus investment choices. A focus on teaching community design as defined drawing on local knowledge.As a result, non-profit real estate development by Dutton. Dutton recognizes that we stakeholders can participate effectively. The provides a more complex understanding must understand the "historical conditions film explores the cost savings inherent for both the design firm during the design phase, of the funding sources and restraints, which have produced us as subjects" and the stakeholders in both the design and along with legislative tools and barriers. and that our schools and communities development phases. For example, in one It is also important to have a range of are "crucially important sites, as places workshop, stakeholders reduce their building writing, visual and oral communication of ongoing struggle, over meaning, budget by over $1.2 million dollars through a skills, along with an understanding of power relations, truth claims, forms of collaborative negotiation process, without how to reframe language, how to knowledge, and [varied) practices." 10 • compromising the design. DCDC has integrated build communication plans, how to participation as a core practice and continues record and reflect upon histories, and to win major design awards every year since how to deliver bad news. they were established in 1994. DCDC works with the Detroit Hispanic Development Corporation in the redesign of their community References facility and offices. The designers take the time to build trust and respect with the I. Mehrhoff A Community Design: A Team Approach to Dynamic Community Systems. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 1999. stakeholders. As a result, late in the process 2. Association for Community Design. 2005.Available at: http://www.communitydesign.org/About.htm indigenous knowledge is revealed that 3. Sandercock L. Towards Cosmopolis: Planning for Multicultural Cities. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons; 1998. impacts the design decisions. The result is a 4. Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. Guidelines for a public service option in architectural curricula. contemporary design that responds to the Washington DC:ACSA; 1971. 5. Blake S. Community Design Centers: An Alternative Practice. In: Watson D, Plattus A, Shibley R, editors. Time Saver cultural attitudes and values of the stakeholders, Standards for Urban Design. New York, NY: McGraw Hill Professional; 2003. rather than those of the designers. This film 6. Blake S. Detroit Collaborative Design Center ... amplifying the diminished voice. Documentary Film, 62'.Winnipeg: will interest architects, designers, planners, Sou International Ltd; 2006. Available at: www.souinternational.com/dcdc/index.html academics, non-profit organizations, 7. Doble C, The ring S. Community Design: What It Is and Why It Matters. Post Conference Report.Association for Community Design Annual Conference 2003, Baltimore. indigenous peoples, and those interested in 8. Jones T. Panelist: Holistic Approaches to Site Selection and Development.Association of Collegiate Schools of participatory design, community design, and a Architecture/Fannie Mae Foundation Forum:Affordable Design: Convening the Conversation. Los Angeles, CA; best practice approach to collaborative June 2006. decision-making. For more information on 9. Blake S.The Community Designer's Toolkit:A Collaborative Exploration of the Knowledge, Skills and Attitudes Needed by Community Designers. Workshop. World Planners Congress 2006: Sustainable Urbanization: Turning Ideas this and related film projects see: into Action. Vancouver, BC. www.souinternational.com/dcdc/index.html I 0. Dutton T.Voices in Architectural Education: Cultural Politics and Pedagogy. New York, NY: Bergin & Garvey; 1991.
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 -- Demonstrating Integrated Approaches to Sustainable Urban Transportation by David Macisaac
Summary he roots of the Showcase Program Across the country, projects are being implemented that make it easier for people to Tgo back to the National Transportation incorporate walking, cycling, transit, car-pooling, and trip reduction into their daily lives. Table on Climate Change in the late The Government of Canada's Urban Transportation Showcase Program is supporting the 1990s. In examining the options for work of eight cities and regions undertaking sustainable transportation initiatives to reduce reducing greenhouse gas emissions from emissions and costs and to increase health and overall quality of life for Canadians. These urban passenger transportation, the "showcase" cities, along with other innovative projects across Canada, are demonstrating Table's research and consultations showed the effectiveness, and the challenge, of integrating sustainable transportation options. that individual measures needed to be Sommaire integrated into a coordinated effort within a municipality or region in order Divers projets sont mis de /'avant a travers le pays afin d'aider /es gens a incorporer plus to make a sustained reduction in faci/ement a leur quotidien la marche, la bicyc/ette, le transport en commun, le co-voiturage emissions. What was missing was Canadian et la reduction des deplacements. Le Programme de demonstration en transport urbain du experience in the implementation and gouvernement du Canada appuie /es efforts de huit vii/es et regions qui ont entrepris des projets de transport durable afin de reduire /es emissions et /es couts associes au transport measurement of these integrated projects. et ameliorer la sante et la qualite de vie d'ensemble de la population canadienne. Ces vii/es Launched in 200 I, the goal of the «vitrines», de meme que d'autres projets innovateurs au pays, demontrent l'efficacite et /es Showcase Program is to test and defis de /'integration d'options de transport durable. measure the impacts of integrated strategies to reduce emissions from transportation. Since that time, five "showcase" demonstrations (in the Halifax Regional Municipality, the Greater Toronto Area and Hamilton, the Region of Waterloo, Greater Vancouver, and the City of Whitehorse) have been implemented. Other showcases are just beginning, including the WinSmart project in Winnipeg, launched in the
TronsUnk buses in East Vancouver fall of 2006, and projects in Quebec. A web-based Information Network (www.tc.gc.ca/utsp) has been created to share the impacts and lessons learned from the showcases and to highlight the accomplishments of other innovative Canadian projects. Early evidence from the showcases is encouraging. Despite the challenges of coordinating integrated approaches, of implementing benefits measurement programs, and of collaborating in new ways with new partners, the projects are having a positive impact. They are demonstrating that new approaches to planning and implementing transportation
mill Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 services and facilities are possible, and design improvements to the pedestrian Other showcases are also increasing that Canadians are willing to change environment that encourage walking opportunities for active transportation. their transportation patterns if and local commerce, improve the vitality The new Central Valley Greenway sustainable options are available. of the communities along the street, and through Greater Vancouver will connect better integrate transit service for Sky Train stations, parks, employment, Attracting Riders to Public Transit neighbourhoods along the corridor. and residential areas along a 24-km Showcases in Halifax, the Region of central, dedicated bike path from New Waterloo, and Vancouver are increasing transit ridership by improving the comfort, speed, and reliability of services along new, enhanced-service transit corridors. Halifax's new MetroLink bus rapid transit service features two express corridors that connect the downtown core with residential areas, a major recreation centre, the Burnside Industrial Park, shopping and other destinations, and other transportation networks. The service features upgraded, more comfortable buses; new terminals; park and ride facilities; and transit priority measures that allow buses to jump Map of Halifax's new MetroUnk bus rapid transit service. ahead of other traffic at congestion points. The premium for the service Building Active Transportation Westminster to Burnaby and to the ($2.50 vs. the regular $2.00 fare; or, $75 Networks City ofVancouver. In Halifax, extensions for a MetroPass vs. a regular $60 fee) are being built to connect bike paths A central element to the Whitehorse has been accepted by users as providing with new MetroLink stations (where Moves showcase has been the completion value for money. Since implementation bike lockers have been installed). In the of a network of active transportation began in September 2005, transit Region of Waterloo, pedestrian audits trails across the city.A key innovation of ridership along the Portland Hills are leading to improved access to corridor is up over 18%, and other this showcase was the implementation of "road diets" in two downtown transit stations and iXpress buses are areas of the regional municipality are corridors that helped connect the fitted with bike racks. By integrating calling for similar services. network of trails. The road diet saw the new active transportation facilities, cities In the Region of Waterloo, the three conversion of four-lane streets into two are removing barriers and making communities of Waterloo, Kitchener, through lanes, the creation of left-hand mobility choices easier. and Cambridge are now connected by turn lanes for motor vehicles, bike lanes Changing Perceptions and in both directions, and on-street iXpress, a bus rapid transit service Providing Incentives featuring transit priority measures as parking. One result of the "diet" is that Projects in the Greater Toronto Area in Halifax; real-time next-bus arrival all vehicles (bikes and motor vehicles) and Hamilton, as well as in Greater information at stops and stations; and actually pass through a bit faster on Vancouver, are delivering targeted trip complementary measures like community average than previously. The Millennium Bridge, the Puckett's Gulch staircase, reduction strategies through marketing, based social marketing and pedestrian enhanced bike parking, and new education, and by offering new services. improvement projects. The project has pedestrian facilities complete what has In Greater Vancouver, residents of six shown steady increases in ridership become a year-round network for bikes, neighbourhoods are participating in the since its September 2005 launch. Full skis, roller-blades, and more. TravelSmart program. Adapted from implementation of the transit information and priority technologies will be completed in 2007. Short, dashed, Double Solid white lines Yellow line Finally, the Main Street Project, which is Bus Stop - part of the Greater Vancouver Showcase, Bus enters Bike Lane is revitalizing an eight-kilometre, four lane street by introducing transit priority; bus bulges (that also provide narrowed crossing points for pedestrians); and real-time next-bus arrival information ,------1solid-Dashed, yellow------, line 1 that will improve both the speed and Vehicles enter centre IALL TRAFFIC MAY ENTER TO I White arrows I I I the reliability of transit services along lane from that side only TURN LEFT IF LANE IS CLEAR Left turn permitted the street. There is a strong focus on Diagram of a road diet in Whitehorse.
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 -- successful Australian and American that limited the growth in cars traveling Current auto-dependant transportation programs, the TravelSmart initiative to the campus to only I%, over a period patterns in Canadian cities are deeply informs residents of the sustainable showing a I0% growth in people coming entrenched due to land use and transportation services and options that to the campus. This allowed the infrastructure decisions that go back are already available in their communities construction of multi-million dollar decades. Fortunately, the Showcase and provides tailored information on parking facilities to be postponed. Program projects illustrate that change how they can integrate these options is possible, and that sustainable into their lives. The key success of Land Use transportation options, once they are TravelSmart in other jurisdictions is that Integrating land use and transportation made available, will be well used. • it has helped residents actually change services and facilities is integral to all of their modes of travel using existing the showcases. Street design changes as infrastructure and services. This helps part of Whitehorse's road diet are optimize the efficiency of existing improving pedestrian space and coinciding David Macisaac is the Manager, Urban infrastructure. with new downtown residential Transportation Programs at Transport Canada. construction. New transit services in He is responsible for the Moving On Sustainable Halifax and the Region of Waterloo are Transportation Program and the Urban Transportation linking key origins and destinations. Showcase Program. He has worked at the Policy Greater Vancouver's TransitVillage Research Initiative, the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Smart Commule project (see Plan Canada June 2006) is Agency, and for non-prof,~ sustainable transportation better integrating SkyTrain stations into organizations in Toronto. He has a Master's degree In the Greater Toronto Area and in Environmental Studies from York University. their communities and stimulating Hamilton, the Smart Commute initiative transit-oriented development. is establishing Transportation Management Associations to work with employers to This is an overview of what is being develop ride-matching services, demonstrated in the Showcase Program guaranteed ride home programs, and projects. There are also innovative telework initiatives - all of which can projects taking place in communities reduce the number of single occupant across the country, many of which are vehicle trips. Boards of Trade, large profiled in the UTSP case study library employers, institutions, and governments and other sections of the Information across the region have become partners Network web site (www.tc.gc.ca/utsp). in efforts to reduce costly congestion, From taxi-based transit service in emissions, and to help ease their Rimouski to BikeShare in Toronto, from employees' long and often stressful car sharing to new curriculum for commutes. Participating employers are students, there is a wave of large and also saving money. For example,York smaller-scale initiatives that are making University worked with the Black Creek it easier for Canadians to integrate Transportation Management Association sustainable transportation options into to implement policies and programs their daily lives.
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IEi:. Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 The Failure of Shopping Malls as a Tool of Downtown Revitalization in Mid-Size Urban Areas by Pierre Filion and Karen Hammond
Summary ome planning problems seem to defy The erection of downtown shopping malls was for three decades a preferred instrument of Ssolutions. One such problem is the downtown revitalization in mid-size urban areas. But success at the implementation stage relentless decline of downtowns of mid did not translate into strong retail performance, causing malls to lose their stores and seek size urban areas (defined here as census other functions. The reliance on a revitalization strategy focusing on malls and their ultimate agglomerations and census metropolitan failure was due to a misinterpretation, in the postwar decades, of urban structure areas with populations between 70,000 transformations. Mid-size urban areas became more decentralized than expected, leaving and 700,000). Stakes in the revival of little opportunity for downtown revival. The article closes with a discussion of the place these cores are high because of their downtown malls can take in the new generation of revitalization strategies, which concentrate symbolic value for their urban region, on conservation and traditional commercial streets. investments in their built environment and attendant tax revenues, and their Sommaire impact on the appeal of inner city Pendant trois decennies, la construction de centres commerciaux a ete J'arme principale neighbourhoods. Recently, the smart de la strategie de revitalisation du centre-ville dans Jes aires urbaines de tai/le moyenne. growth movement has stressed the Mais le succes initial remporte ne s'est pas traduit par un ban rendement du commerce environmental benefits associated with a de detail, entrafnant le depart des marchands et la necessite pour Jes centres commerciaux healthy downtown: more reliance on de se trouver d'autres fonctions. Le recours a une strategie de revitalisation mettant /'accent transit and walking, and a strong potential sur des centres commerciaux et son echec eventue/ decou/e d'une interpretation erronee de for urban intensification.' In addition, la transformation des structures urbaines dans Jes annees d'apres-guerre. Les aires urbaines the creative class perspective, which de taille moyenne ant subi une decentralisation plus forte que prevue, Jaissant peu d'appui links economic development to the a une resurgence du centre-ville. Cet expose conclut par un debat sur la place que devraient presence of innovative and entrepreneurial occuper Jes centres commerciaux dans la nouvelle generation de strategies de revitalisation, individuals, underscores the role lively qui mettent plutot /'accent sur la conservation Jes arteres commercia/es classiques. urban environments, such as those of healthy downtowns, can play in attracting such people.2 The Brantford Market Square is now mostly occupied by coll centres, office space and a museum. Despite repeated efforts at revitalizing this category of downtowns, most are still in a state of decline. The focus here is on one strategy which enjoyed considerable popularity from the late 1950s to the late 1980s, and probably qualifies as the most significant in terms of expenses and modifications to the built environment. The strategy consisted in providing downtowns with shopping malls in order to allow them to compete with suburbs for the mass retail market. It was assumed that retailing difficulties experienced in downtowns were largely a function of dated settings and facilities. Thus, in this perspective, a modernization of the downtown, to be achieved by transplanting there the most popular suburban retail formula, held the key to revival. 3
Plan Winler/Hiver 2006 Em Methodology mall. The article's data and conclusions initiated by the municipality and substantial Research for this article focused on are based on newspaper and planning public funding went into the development south-central Ontario, a region defined document searches, a survey of floor of downtown malls, mostly towards by an imaginary line running just east of plans, interviews with planners, local site purchase and clearance. Senior Peterborough and including the area to historians and developers, as well as an governments were also involved. The the west contained within Lakes Huron, analysis of data from the Canadian assembly of the land where Hamilton's Erie and Ontario and connecting rivers. Directory of Shopping Centres over the Jackson Square stands was in part Although the shopping-mall-oriented period covered by the study. funded by the Federal Government Urban Renewal Program. But it was the downtown revitalization strategy was Brief Glory Days common across Canada's mid-size urban Ontario Downtown Renewal Program Different circumstances led to the areas, reliance on the strategy was more that was most instrumental in spawning development of the downtown malls pronounced in south-central Ontario the development of downtown malls. All (see Table I). In some instances, malls where eight out of I I such areas have studied malls that opened from the mid were instigated and fully funded by erected at least one downtown mall. In I 970s to the mid- I 980s benefited from private enterprise. The role of the the remainder of Canada, 12 of the 24 its funding. municipality was limited mostly to the mid-size urban areas have taken a similar adoption of accommodating zoning Another catalyst was the attachment of course of action.The research considered 4 regulations. In most cases (nine of the the T. Eaton Co. to downtown locations. 12 malls, since a number of urban areas 12 malls), however, the process was In eight of the investigated malls, Eaton's contained more than one downtown was the anchor and, in some cases, TABLE I: FEATURES OF THE INVESTIGATED MALLS
Brantford Brantford Eaton 1986 Yes Land assembly and clearance by Call centres, office space, Market Square municipality, provides parking public sector agencies, local museum. structure, contribution of the Ontario Downtown Renewal Program. Chatham Downtown 1982 No Land assembly and clearance by No major transformation. Chatham Centre municipality, contribution of the Ontario Downtown Renewal Program. Guelph Guelph Eaton Centre 1984 Yes Land assembly and clearance by Transformation into indoor main municipality, provides parking structures, street with a boutique-type retailing contribution of the Ontario Downtown orientation, arena, important Renewal Program. reduction of floor space. Hamilton Jackson Square 1972-1985 No Outcome of the Federal Urban Renewal Mall remains focused on retailing, but (different Program, public sector responsible for high vacancies and portion of mall phases) land assembly and municipality locates closed. facilities in the complex. Hamilton Hamilton Eaton 1990 Yes City sells land below market value and Mostly office use and Centre provides parking structure. some discount retailing. Kitchener Market Square 1974 and Yes Part of municipal urban renewal effort, Offices, fitness centre, some stores (Waterloo Region) renovation built on municipal land cleared for left. and expansion the purpose. in 1985 Kitchener King Centre 1981 No Minimal Transformed into an office building. London Wellington Square 1960 Yes Minimal Integrated within Galleria London. London Galleria London 1989 Yes Minimal Private and public sector offices, call centres, educational establishments, library, some retailing. Peterborough Peterborough Square 1975 Yes Land assembly and clearance by Offices, community services, bargain municipality, contribution of the stores. Ontario Downtown Renewal Program. Sarnia Sarnia Eaton Centre 1982 Yes Land assembly and clearance by Public sector offices and services, call municipality, contribution of the centre, art gallery and some retailing Ontario Downtown Renewal Program. left. Waterloo Waterloo 1961-1977 No Municipality assembles and clears Part of the mall replaced by street- (Waterloo Region) Town Square (different the land. facing office and retail development. phases) - Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 contributed to the funding of the malls. IO years after its opening, the Hamilton conformed to patterns found in large Eaton's was not the only major corporate Eaton Centre was sold for I /20 of its metropolitan regions, the hybrid vision player involved in the development of construction cost. failed to foresee tendencies experienced downtown malls. Some of these malls were developed and originally owned by prominent retail development firms (Campeau and Cadillac Fairview). It is important to stress that in all cases, whether receiving public funding or not, the municipal response to downtown mall proposals was enthusiastic. Their presence indeed conformed to downtown revival strategies. Two of the malls struggled from their very beginning. This was the case of the Kitchener King Centre, which largely replicated the content of a nearby downtown mall, and whose third floor proved difficult to rent because it was insufficiently visible and accessible. The other faltering mall was the Hamilton Eaton Centre, which opened in the worst of the early 1990s recession. On the whole, however, in their early years the downtown malls appeared to live up Port of the Waterloo Town Square indoor moll hos been demolished and replaced by street-facing buildings. to the optimistic market projections that led to their creation.5 As in their The nature of the activities malls in most mid-size urban areas. Low public large suburban counterparts, vacancies presently host can be interpreted as a transit use, easy agglomeration-wide were low and a large proportion of sign of their adaptation to the new automobile accessibility and an absence the stores belonged to national and economy. But it is important to realize of large core area concentrations of international chains. But glory days were that the foremost asset of malls in workers, residents and visitors have all short. In many cases, the first visible attracting these activities is their low contributed to the advanced subur sign of decline coincided with the I 0th rent. The most prestigious and profitable banization of mid-size urban areas. In anniversary of the malls, when leasing among new economy enterprises are these circumstances, downtowns, with contracts with chains came to an end not found in downtown malls. The major or without malls, had little chance of and frequently failed to be renewed. impediment to a downtown revitalization holding on to their mass retailing market.7 Also contributing to their downward role is the inability of the activities that The assumption that modernized mid trend was the early 1990s recession, presently occupy the malls to reproduce size city downtowns could compete with when many retailers either closed their the dynamics associated with mass suburbs for this market was thus flawed. least profitable outlets (many of them in retailing. Replacement activities attract a In any event, downtown malls rarely downtown malls), or went out of small fraction of the people who used to reached the standards of suburban business. And in 1997 Eaton's filed for visit chain and department stores, and, regional malls. They tended to be smaller, bankruptcy and was liquidated two contrary to the clients of such stores, and perhaps above all, generally failed to years later, causing many of the malls to they tend to generate single-purpose provide free parking.8 lose their anchor. journeys, thus minimizing interactions The adoption of the mall strategy also Mall owners responded to these adverse with other downtown activities. stemmed from the existence of circumstances by targeting independent downtown growth coalitions - comprised stores, and when independents proved Why the Failure? of politicians, planners, developers and to be as vulnerable as chains to malls' The downtown mall strategy was based merchants - searching for formulas that low traffic, they sought a broader range 9 10 on a hybrid interpretation of the evolution could be readily implemented. • As of activities. These included fitness centres, of urban structure, popular over postwar original downtown redevelopment plans educational establishments, government decades. In this view, core areas would (proposing large outdoor pedestrian and community services, call centres be able to maintain their prominence in malls and plazas, and a much renewed and public and private sector offices. the face of galloping decentralization, built environment) failed to raise the Bargain stores also assumed prominence provided they were the object of interest of the development industry, within malls. Functional transitions were aggressive public sector interventions.6 planners and politicians settled for what accompanied by successions in the Virtually all downtown plans from the appeared to be a proven model, a ownership of malls and a steep decline 1950s to the 1980s adhered to this downtown version of the suburban in their value. In an extreme case, vision. We now know that while it shopping mall.
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Future Mid-Size City and shopping. This is a risky strategy Downtown Strategies due to the fickle nature of targeted Pierre Filion, MCIP, RPP, is a professor of planning at the University ofWater/oo. With a shift towards conservation, mid markets and their relatively small size, size city downtown strategies have taken especially in mid-size urban areas. Karen Hammond, MCIP, RPP, is a lecturer at the School of Planning of the University of a ISO-degree turn. While decades ago What place is there for the mall Waterloo. the image of a successful downtown structures within this new vision of consisted of new buildings, including a downtowns? As large modern buildings, downtown shopping mall, it now takes they clash with the sought after historical the form of lively, pedestrian-oriented character and street orientation, and commercial streets. 11 Moreover, their content contributes little to the awareness of the incapacity of this niche market revitalization strategy. category of downtowns to compete A costly solution, carried out to some with the suburbs for mass retailing has degree in Uptown Waterloo, consists in caused new strategies to focus on niche demolishing the mall and replacing it markets: arts and crafts, boutique retailing, with street-facing multi-use buildings. ethnic food, specialized restaurants, A more modest approach would involve 12 14 cultural activities, etc. • When compared locating in the mall activities unlikely to to the previous mass market approach stimulate street life and moving those this is clearly a retrenchment The objective that enjoy such potential to street is no longer to secure a downtown aligned facades. • predominance of the retail hierarchy, but rather to encourage this sector to focus on specialized hospitality services
References and Notes I. Tomalty R,Alexander D. Smart Growth in Canada: Implementation of a Planning Concept. Ottawa: CMHC; 2005. 2. Florida R. Cities and the Creative Class. New York: Routledge; 2005, 3. Gillette H. The evolution of the planned shopping centre in suburb and city. Journal of the American Planning Association 1985;5 I :449-460. 4. Winter J. Memorable Moments in Ontario Retailing. n.d.Available at: http://ca.geocities.com/[email protected]/millenium.htm (retrieved August 2006). 5. See: Larry Smith and Company. Downtown Kitchener, Ontario - Economic Analysis for Redevelopment Planning. Toronto: Larry Smith and Company; I 964, 6. Gruen 'I.The Heart of Our Cities, the Urban Crisis: Diagnosis and Cure. New York: Simon and Schuster; I 964. 7. Filion P, Bunting T, Warriner K, The entrenchment of urban dispersion: residential preferences and location patterns in the dispersed city. Urban Studies 1999;36: 13 17-1347. 8. Significantly, the sole downtown mall in our study that was able to retain its department and chain stores, the Downtown Chatham Centre, did not have to compete with a large suburban mall within its trade area. 9. See: Frieden BL, Sagalyn L. Downtown Inc.: How America Rebuilds Cities, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1989. I0. Molotch HL. The city as a growth machine:Towards a political economy of space.American Journal of Sociology I 976;82:309-331. 11. Kemp RI. (Ed.) Main Street Renewal:A Handbook for Citizens and Public Officials. Jefferson, NC: McFarland; 2000. 12, Filion P, Hoernig H, Bunting T, Sands G. The successful few: Healthy downtowns of small metropolitan regions, Journal of the American Planning Association 2004;70:328-343. 13. Milder D. Niche Strategies for Downtown Revitalization: A Hands-on Guide to Developing, Strengthening and Marketing Niches. New York: Downtown Research and Development Center; 1997. 14. Robertson KA Downtown redevelopment strategies in the United States:An end-of-century assessment. Journal of the American Planning Association 1995;6 I :429-437.
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Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Planners for Tomorrow (P4T): Student Perspectives on the Future of Planning in Canada by Tony Dorcey, Samara Brock and Luke Sales With special thanks to the rest of the P4T team - Stephen Bentley, Sam Bereskey,Aleksandra Brzozowski, Elana Cossever, Yvonne Hii, Terra Kaeth/er, Lisa Moffat,James O'Neill, and participating planning students from all over the world
Summary might contribute to WUF 2006. Out of P4T was a year-long, student-led, dialogue on the knowledge, skills and attitudes required by these discussions emerged the idea of the Planner for Tomorrow. It was designed to generate action recommendations for the focusing on how to implement what has World Urban Forum (WUF) and World Planners Congress (WPC) held in Vancouver in June been learned over the three decades 2006. The initiative experimented with the use of new information and communication since Vancouver hosted the first WUF technologies (/CTs) to generate recommendations that were reviewed in a P4T Forum held about the knowledge, skills and attitudes at UBC immediately before their delivery to the WUF and WPC. The article reflects on the that "planners for tomorrow" will need experience and the implications of the recommendations for action by planning students, if they are to meet the challenges of practitioners, and academics. urban sustainability. Further, it was Sommaire decided that new information and communication technologies (ICTs) P4T est un processus de dialogue pilote par /es etudiants sur /es connaissances, /es competences provided exciting opportunities to et la menta/ite que devra posseder l'urbaniste de demain. Le processus etait destine engage planning students from around a formuler des recommandations soumises au Colloque mondia/ des vii/es (CMV) et au the world in a year-long dialogue that Congres mondia/ de l'urbanisme (CMU) tenus aVancouver en juin 2006. Le projet a experimente avec le recours aux nouvelles technologies d'information et de communication could generate recommendations to be aftn de generer des recommandations qui ont ete etudiees /ors du forum P4T tenu delivered to the WUF and associated immediatement avant /eur presentation au CMV et au CMU. L'artic/e se penche sur forums in Vancouver in June 2006. /'experience et sur /es retombees des recommandations formulees par /es etudiants, A group of SCARP students began /es praticiens et /es theoriciens en urbanisme. meeting in January 2005 to advance the planning of this proposal. In February 2005, the Canadian Association of Planning Students (CAPS) meeting in lanners for the cities of tomorrow - Regional Planning (SCARP), June 14-16, Toronto adopted the SCARP proposal PWho should they be? What kind of 2006. The dialogue resulted in a set of to host the 2006 CAPS meeting in knowledge, skills and attitudes should recommendations delivered to the World Vancouver, June 14-16, and to organize they have? How should their capabilities Planners Congress (WPC) and World it as an international planning student be developed? These three questions Urban Forum (WUF) the week following forum that would be the culmination of were the focus of an innovative year P4T. The five major recommendations the year-long dialogue and the finalization long student-run dialogue on the future were briefly introduced in a previous of recommendations to be delivered to of planning. This student initiative, issue of Plan Canada (Summer 2006) the WPC and WUF. named Planners for Tomorrow {P4T), and are summarized in Table I. This Tools of engagement was designed to articulate student article highlights the P4T initiative's perspectives on the knowledge, skills origins and development along with In order to facilitate the dialogue necessary to develop recommendations, and attitudes (KSAs) essential to the reflections on the experience and the tools of engagement were required that future success of planning practitioners implications of the recommendations would allow discussion among planning in Canada. The dialogue was fostered for action by planning students, students across Canada and around the and facilitated through a web site practitioners, and academics. 1 providing varied communication tools world. The tools by necessity relied heavily on new information and and various face-to-face meetings, and Origins of P4T communication technologies. culminated in the P4T Forum at the During the summer of 2004 SCARP UBC School of Community and students began to discuss how they
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 After 18 months of experimentation interested in the topic but not the and youth. Throughout, attention was with various ICT tools within the new ICTs; many were interested in given to the implications for the KSAs framework of the P4T web site - both but just didn't have the time to needed by the Planner of Tomorrow. including computer bulletin boards, engage. Some people were attracted Some of the most memorable exchanges discussion salons, a Wil
in the topic, let alone capacity, to use transportation, urban-rural linkages, Visit our website tit www.ibigroup.com the new ICTs; many others were housing, climate change, energy, food,
91 Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 TABLE I: five P4T recommendations highlighted sustainability of the planner of tomorrow. P4T RECOMMENDATIONS in Table I are therefore most timely and Taken together these recommendations highly relevant to this important task. address what should be the substantive I. Embrace sustainability as a cornerstone content and the procedural approaches of planning. They represent what emerging planners 2. Recognize diversity and promote cultural see as the vital issues facing the to this initiative by CIP. Next February's competence and inclusivity in planning profession. CAPS conference in Winnipeg will processes. provide students with the opportunity Recommendations I and 2 go to the 3. Strengthen collaboration between to review progress and contribute to educational institutions and practitioners. heart of what is the vision of planning further advancing the vision and reality 4. Re-evaluate the role of planning that inspires Canadian planners. The full of the Planner for Tomorrow. • organizations. text and materials on the web site 5. Cultivate the skills and attitudes needed elaborate what it means to embrace for the planner of tomorrow. sustainability in all of its dimensions and to recognize diversity and promote cultural competence and inclusivity in During the P4T initiative Tony Dorcey was our planning processes. Recommendations Director of the UBC Schoo/ of Community and encourage readers to go to the web 3 and 4 address the critical roles to be Regional Planning (SCARP). Samara Brock was site to view the DVD version and read the lead student for the initiative and Luke Sales played by planning students, practitioners the full text.) In concluding this short was one of the P4T team members, all of whom and academics, and their various overview the P4T team focus on two were at the time Masters Degree students in organizations and community partners, SCARP. major opportunities for acting on the in working together to advance the P4T recommendations. "state of the art" of planning and "raise First, P4T was so well received by the bar" on our implementation of it. students that those meeting at the UBC Recommendation 5 gives specific Forum agreed to re-name the annual examples of steps that can be taken conference of the Canadian Association towards cultivating the skills and of Planning Students - Planners for attitudes that will be required for the Tomorrow - as part of reorganizing CAPS. The proposal from the Department of City Planning at the University of References and Notes I. The final version of the P4T web site is available at http://plannersfor tomorrow.ca. All the P4T tools and products Manitoba to host the next meeting in can be found there (e.g. Wiki to generate recommendations http://www.plannersfortommorrow.ca/wiki and the full Winnipeg in February 2007 was text of the final recommendations http://plannersfortomorrow.ca/downloads/FinalP4TRecommendations.pdf). 2. Luke Sales, a member of the P4T Team made an assessment of the use of ICTs by P4T as the Research Project for his enthusiastically accepted. Work is Masters Degree and created a Salon to facilitate discussion with others as he generated the product. His full report is already underway to pass responsibility available at: http://www.plannersfortomorrow.ca/salon/index.php?blog= I 9&cat=209 3. Much appreciated financial support to students for travel and accommodation from CIP,Affiliates,ACUPP, planning for the continued development of the schools and Infrastructure Canada made it possible for students to attend from across Canada. 4. The full program is available at: http://www.plannersfortomorrow.ca/2006/06/p4t-forum-final-program.html P4T web site to Manitoba and to build 5. For information on this CIP initiative and to review a copy of a consultant's report recommending how to proceed on the recommendations as part of the go to: http://www.cip-icu.ca/English/member_summary.html next P4T Forum. These developments bode well for advancing thinking and sustaining action by planning students on the future of planning. Second, the recently initiated CIP Membership Continuous Improvement Practical and Innovative Solutions Project provides an excellent opportunity to Complex Challenges to begin implementing the P4T MHBC Planning focuses on realistic advice for recommendations.5 This CIP project is complex and challenging issues. intended to be a comprehensive review We have successfully completed a wide range of planning projects: of the lnstitute's membership process and standards: "The National/Affiliate • Municipal Plans/Studies • Community Planning • Urban and Site Design • Land Development Membership Committee decided it was • Aggregate Resource • Government Restructuring time to take a look at what it would Planning • Communications take to be a 'state of the art' professional • Expert Evidence I ,t· • association, and if necessary, 'raise the bar' to strengthen the profession:' The Kitchener Vaughan London Kingston Barrie www.mhbcplan.com
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 My Definition by Jeremy Murphy
ey, student planners, have you tried explaining to someone If the answer is 'yes', how do we go about doing this? Can we Hwhat you're doing at school? Have you tried to describe pick and choose between aptitudes, distinguish which are what it means to be a planner? Does it take several sentences? relevant to planning and which are not? How do we define the When you say, "I'm a planner" are you met with responses of criteria for a planner? "oh, as in 'wedding"'? or "as in 'career"'? If the answer is 'no', do we open up the profession to include Planners have been grappling with a single definition for their all those who find themselves doing planning-related worl
Some web sites relevant to this article: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Urban_studies_and_planning Planners Network: http://www.plannersnetwork.org/index.html Planners for Tomorrow video: http://plannersfortomorrow.ca/downloads/P4T2006_300Kbps.mp4 CIP planning definition: http://www.cip-icu.ca/English/aboutplan/what.htm
mil Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 Ma definition par Jeremy Murphy
tudiantes et etudiants en urbanisme, avez-vous deja essaye J'observe aussi, dans les couloirs des etablissements scolaires, Ed'expliquer a quelqu'un ce que vous faites a l'ecole? Avez les manifestations de l'elargissement des interets et des vous deja essaye d'expliquer ce que c'est que d'etre urbaniste? responsabilites des urbanistes. En debut de trimestre, les Votre explication est-elle longue? etudiants en urbanisme choisissent leurs cours a option dans une foule de facultes differentes : ils passent les deux premieres Depuis le moment ou la profession a evolue au-dela de la simple semaines de l'annee scolaire a peser differentes possibilites avant division des terres selon !'utilisation du sol, les urbanistes de choisir celles qui concordent le mieux avec leurs interets. tentent de s'entendre sur une definition unique de leur metier. Dans la mesure ou les urbanistes sont souvent appeles a tenir A mesure que la fonction des urbanistes se diversifie et que compte d'etablissements humains, ils doivent assumer une des gens dans d'autres domaines constatent que leur travail gamme sans cesse changeante de taches et de defis alors est lie a des dossiers en urbanisme, une question interessante meme qu'evoluent la composition et !'orientation de ces surgit : devons-nous tenter de formuler une definition precise etablissements. Entre la poussee urbaine, la diversite de la de l'urbanisme? population et les concentrations de personnes ayant des valeurs Dans !'affirmative, comment devons-nous nous y prendre? differentes, les urbanistes ne manquent pas d'ouvrage. La Devons-nous faire un tri parmi les aptitudes pour distinguer situation exige des urbanistes qui ma1trisent des domaines de celles qui sont utiles en urbanisme de celles qui ne le sont connaissances differents, qui possedent des talents multiples et pas? Comment definir les criteres de la profession d'urbaniste? qui sont capables d'assumer differentes taches.
Les programmes des congres, les descriptions des programmes Si la reponse est non, devons-nous elargir la definition de la universitaires et les sites Internet refletent le fait que les profession afin d'inclure tous ceux et celles dont les fonctions urbanistes assument aujourd'hui des roles variables et assimilent sont liees a l'urbanisme? Sont-ils admissibles aux prix et a la des nouvelles competences. Les urbanistes de demain, le reconnaissance en urbanisme? A qui revient-il de decider si un Congres mondial de l'urbanisme et le Forum urbain mondial travail est lie a l'urbanisme ou non? qui ont eu lieu a Vancouver en juin dernier ont aborde une Quelles en seraient les consequences pour les etudiants? Dans gamme diverses de themes : le developpement durable, les !'affirmative, les programmes d'etudes doivent-ils alors preciser changements climatiques, la planification pour les situations quels cours sont strictement lies a l'urbanisme et lesquels ne d'urgence, la politique en matiere de nourriture, !'utilisation le sont pas? Revient-il au corps enseignant de decider quels des terres, l'economie, la culture, le logement, le vieillissement conferenciers invites abordent des questions liees a l'urbanisme? des populations, l'energie, !'education, le developpement Si la reponse est negative, comment le contenu du programme international, les transports, les politiques, la diversite et le design est-ii determine? urbain, entre autres. Les delegues a la jeunesse se tenaient en petits groupes dans les couloirs, essayant de decider a quels Une perspective dont j'ai eu vent recemment n'exige aucune ateliers assister tant ceux-ci etaient interessants et divers. Les conformite a une classification ou a des criteres particuliers programmes universitaires d'etudes en urbanisme abordent bases sur des termes de distinction : elle permet aux facultes autant l'ecologie urbaine que le droit de l'urbanisme et le de continuer de reconna1tre des cours a option originaux. Elle raisonnement quantitatif.Wikipedia, l'encyclopedie libre sur se resume ainsi : si les urbanistes professionnels vous acceptent Internet, comporte un portail thematique consacre a !'architecture comme urbaniste, alors vous etes urbaniste. • et a l'urbanisme qui est loin d'etre exhaustif, mais qui recense neanmoins maintes categories secondaires et une foule de Jeremy Murphy est candidat a la maitrise en urbanisme a /'Universite pages liees dans le site. Dalhousie. On peut Jui ecrire a : [email protected]
Sites Web interessants : Wikipedia : http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:Architecture_et_Urbanisme Planners Network : http://www.plannersnetwork.org/index.html Video du congres Planners for Tomorrow : http://plannersfortomorrow.ca/downloads/P4T2006_300Kbps.mp4 Definition de l'urbanisme selon l'ICU : http://www.cip-icu.ca/French/aboutplan/what.htm
Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 GUIDELINES FOR AUTHORS The Canadian Institute of Planners invites manuscript submissions to Plan Canada.
We are seeking to publish innovative biography (description of your copyright involving the photos, tables, etc., analyses of best practices in Canadian qualifications, current projects, and most that you wish to use. If an image does planning, as well as to draw planners' important an e-mail address and/or not belong to you, you must contact attention to international developments phone number where our readers can its owner and obtain permission to which can inform their activities. The contact you for more information). reproduce it.Without confirmation of magazine seeks to publish the outcomes Authors who want their papers refereed such permission, we cannot proceed to of original and contemporary research should send one hard copy and one publish the image. Since Plan Canada's by practitioners and academics. Short digital with no information identifying pages are printed in black & white, black papers, research reviews, annotated the author on any of the pages, except bibliographies, summaries of research the covering letter, to: & white photographs are best suited to initiatives, notes on practice, and book Jill Grant, [email protected] our purposes. Photos can be e-mailed reviews are welcome. Editor for Peer-reviewed Articles to us in TIFF.JPEG or EPS format (with We look for relatively short (maximum Director and Professor, School of Planning a minimum resolution of 300 DPI) 2000 words) articles that are informative, Dalhousie University to the Managing Editor, Michelle Garneau, free of jargon, and easy to read. Relevant P.O. Box I 000 at [email protected] and to ensure and attractive graphics will aid the Halifax, NS Canada B3J 2X4 high-quality reproduction send hard copies presentation of ideas.Any tables, figures The article must be original and by courier or, time permitting, through and/or illustrations included should be not been published in the same the mail to: McCormick & Associates, properly identified. form previously (including Web sites 9 S'h Avenue, Chateauguay, QC and electronic newsletters). Articles, proposals or outlines should be J6K JLS.AII photos must include proper sent in a digital format (MS Word) to Once an article has been accepted for captions and/or photo credit, if applicable. [email protected] and include publication, authors are encouraged to the required summary (a I 00-word submit photos and other illustrations to For full details on getting published in paragraph outlining your main topics accompany their articles (in a separate Plan Canada and style guidelines please and arguments) and a 35- to SO-word file). However, beware of any matters of visit our web site at: www.cip-icu.ca
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lmll Plan Winter/Hiver 2006 L'.lnstitut Canadien des urbanistes et l'Ordre des urbanistes du Quebec ont le plaisir de vous VISION D'AVENIR: inviter au prochain congres de l'urbanisme qui se tiendra a Quebec du 3 au 6 juin 2007. L'URBANISME FACE AUX A l'aube de feter son 400• anniversaire, Quebec, GRANDS CHANGEMENTS capitale, joyau du patrimoine mondial, sculptee par son fleuve et couronnee par son cap Diamant vous invite a venir a sa rencontre.
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JUNE 3 » 6 JUIN 2007
The Canadian Institute of Planners and the Ordre des urbanistes du Quebec invite you to attend the next annual conference to be held in Quebec City 1 from June 3'" to 6 \ 2007.
Quebec City, provincial capital and world heritage site sculpted by the St. Lawrence River atop the cliffs of Cap Diamant, is preparing for the celebration of its 400'" anniversary in 2008.
This enduring historic city, strives to improve in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.
Join planners from across Canada to discuss planning for major change, particularly with respect to issues of environmental protection, economic development, governance and citizen participation.
Together we will have the opportunity to debate these questions and to examine how planners can contribute to these challenges.
CONGRES ICU/OUQ -CIP/OUQ CONFERENCE
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