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ORGANIZING GROUP FIGHTS FOR LIFE

perfect right to carryon their work -- SISK, McFALL . to participate in labor-management dis­ putes and the other things they are doing -­ but they have no right to expect to use BACK GROWERS, federal funds. That is the only issue that is involved -.; their attempt to use federal CUT FUNDS FOR PIOR funds." By Brooks Penny GROWERS SUBSIDIZED Del Rey, Calif. To this E-d Dutton, the executive di­ rector, of CCCD replied, ''If he (Rep. The California Center for Community Sisk) is not going to allow the Center to Development is once again under poli­ be' involved with grape workers in the tical attack. The problems .that Benny use of federal funds, then he must stop Parrishis haVing with the local power any federal subsidy to the growers who structure, in Modesto were reported in are being struck against. Growers are the November MOVEMENT. receiving, among other things, federal­ The CCCD is a Del Rey based organ­ ly subsidized water, price supports and ization dedicated to organizational and agricultural extension service." training programs among low income peoples to aid them in changing politi­ McFALL AND SISK HYPOCRITES cal institutions. In the process 0 f A joint statement issued by, among politically training the low income people others, Cris Hartmire, director of the the CCCD sees that social action is an Migrant Ministry, and the directors of integral part of the process. the CCCD stated, "Sisk is attacking the The current problems that the CCCD Center because some of the trainees is having, however, stem from an un­ walked on a picket line in support of farm Ul ..~ intentional application of this philosophy. workers in Fresno. Sisk says it is not ~ c On December 13 about sixteen young right to use federal money "to train III people from the CCCD project in Watts pickets. Sisk recently appeared on a ~ (;'" were in Fresno. They visited a picket picket line of the raisin farmers who ~ line that was being manned by the United were protesting and organizing against l'J o Farm Workers Organizing Committee in low raisin prices. Sisk, on the federal -0 .c front of Gottschalks Department store. payroll. brought in another federal em­ 0.. The purpose of the line was in support ployee to help the growers." Bob Solodow.and Luis Juarez, CCCD staff member during training session. of the Perelli Minetti boycott. The CCCD "The picketing by the trainees," Dut­ trainees from Watts were invited to jojn ton said further, ~'was not in breach of the Modesto power structure's con­ January 15 but at the time of this writ­ the picket line and they did. contract with the U.S. Department of trolled Community Action Commission. ing it' looks like the chances are slim Health, Education and Welfare." \ In January of 1966, Sisk successfully that they will show up. DEMO'S ATTACK This isn't the first time that the CCCD held up the $250,000 grant for the CCCD Then the roof fell on CCCD in the has run up against McFall and Sisko In for three months because the Center The Farm Workers' COeOp in De­ forms of Congressman B. F. Sisk of was actually sympathetic to the cause of December McFall flatly said that he lano' badly needs a competent Fresno and John McFall of Manteca. the grape strikers. The- New York Times had asked Sargent Shriver to silence auto mechanic. Anyone inter­ They announced that they were going to of March 7, 1966, directly attributed Benny Parrish before the November ested please contact Agricul­ stop the funds that are going to Benny elections, "I just wanted hini' quiet a Sisk's action to grower pressure. tureI Labor Support Comm ittee Parrish in Modesto and the Watts Pro­ few weeks before the election," the Fresno Sisk and McFall were invited to a 626-4577 or 626-:-5396. s.F. ject. The Watts project is funded by the Bee reported McFall saying. "His activ­ CCCD Board of Directors meeting on Department of Health, Education and Wel­ ities lost me votes and helped to cost us fare and the Modesto project from the Qovernor Brown." Parrish heads the OEO. ' Community Poverty Council which many Sisk said, "They (the CCCD) have a .time finds itself in direct conflict with --MORE ON COGM-- with the competence of those involved.) By Joan Bowman CDGM and its friends stuck to their Current negotiations in Washington are guns. The following day, Shriver an­ deciding the future of the Child Develop­ nounced that Mudd would not be fired ment Group of Mil~fsissippi, an issue which after all, and that instead a "manage­ most observers had thought was settled ment consultant" would join his staff. la;gt October with Shriver's annolJncement Further, Rev. McCree would not be re­ that the controversial HEAD START pro­ inoved but must face re-election from his gram would not, be refunded. Party to community. The grant had been raised to these negotiations are CDGM. the Office $8 million for 12 months, a budget which of Economic Opportunity, the organized will accommodate 5900 to 6100 children. churches, and various liberal and labor The Board has been expanded to 19 groups who support the program. Accord­ members, and Mary Holmes Junior Col-: ing to the WASHINGTON POST, Vice lege, which administers the grant, is to President Humphrey is "mediating" the have a larger policy role. conflict among the various groups, pre­ Even though some victory has beenwon, sumably representing the White House. the contract with OEO has not yet been On December 16, Shriver·reversed his signed. Each day new rumors emerge decision. OEO offered $5 million to CDGM, from Washington about CDGM. The staff to carryon a program in 17 Mississippi in Jackson is confident, and the morale ~ counties, including 5200 children. But in the COmmunities appears to be excel­ o III there were strings attached, and CDGM lent. "Mississippi Action for Progress," ~ said no. Executive Director John Mudd, the rival program which was initiated by (;'" ~ was to be fired, and the Rev. James Mc-. the White House and Mississippi liberals l'J Cree to be removed from the Board of got nowhere: they picked up a slick .3 o Directors. (OEO's practice of firing those #3 million to run a statewide program, .c 0.. nominally responsible for malfunctioning but due to a boycott by local CDGM com­ mittees, MAP has signed up' only 30 CCCD Organizer discusses Welfare Rights with family. of a project is a stock response; it has more to do with placating enemies than childrenI Page 2 THE MOVEMENT JANUARY 1967

...... EDIT0 R I A L S .... i ...... II.II.II...... 11 ..11.11 LETTERS 0 11 .

TEAMSTER QUITS , LOSING JUST WHICH 'SIDE ARE THEY ON? To the Movement: THE SAME I found Dave Wellman's review of LOS­ Enclosed is one half of a card enti­ ING JUST THE SAME heavy-handed and Recently the Sunday assumes that the left press, unlike tling me to membership inthe Teamster's lacking any relief from the tiresome view Ramparts demonstrated the establishment press, can be trus­ 'Union, Local 265. The other half, with of some self-conscious radicals who as­ its flair for sensationalist ted with inside information, and so it a copy of this letter to you, has been sume they have a monopoly on ghetto journalism by printing an is given inside information in order sent to the offices of Local 265 in San life. "exclusive" on the latest that its evaluation, analysis and criti- Francisco. I will not remain affiliated Unfortunately for us all, there is no one SNCC,staff meeting. cism of the left can be accurate and with a union which opposes the grape who understands how the ghetto is or­ With gleefulness worthy useful. strikers; the Teamsters all through the ganized. From the 'highest bureaucrat in the war on poverty to the most dedica­ of the Oakland Tribune We feel that Sunday Ramparts has strIke have cooperated with the growers against the strikers, and the Teamster ted SDS organizer, there is no one who it detailed the various done a grave disservice to the en­ plan to try to break the boycott against knows what the glue is that holds these conflicts which face tire left and to the left press in Perelli-Minetti is only the most recent neighborhoods together. There are some SNCC, and with an ill­ particular by its provocative of such attempts. It is no wonder the insights - and I must say that I have concealed chuckle and simplistic headlining of' Teamsters choose to represent the San found more useful comments about ghetto spoke of whites being SNCC's difficulties. We can Frahcisco police against city. minorities, life from a Salvation Army social worker kicked off SNCC staff only assume that it is m 0 r e as other recent events indicate. than from radical activists - but there and other problems with­ interested in selling papers It cost me eighty dollars to get that has yet to be any coherent framework of in SNCC which revolve than in being useful or card from the Teamsters. Since I cannot understanding for ghetto people and the around race. even responsible to the now give that money to the strikers and quality of their life. .left. Movement groups their chosen union, I am sure the Team­ The shabby effect of Mr. Wellman's For a journal with should think twice be­ sters will know what they'can do with it•. review is that he is not willing to consider radical and left pre­ fore inc 1u din g Ram­ any new insights. To suggest that the tensions, we feel Sunday ,I parts among the ghetto is frankly pretty awful is to leave Ramparts' action is inexcusable. Ram­ friendly press in the one vulnerable to the charge that heis a parts' re putation as part of the left future. racist, or perhaps worse, a liberal. This press has given it access to inside Mr. Wellman has done, presumably war­ movement information whlcn> it has used ranted by his own care and concern for in a most irresponsible manner. "organiZing the poor." However, one may , view LOSING JUST TIlE SAME, let us give some credit for the effort to say Surely Ramparts knows, from its close something fresh and descriptive about the associations with several recent poli­ ghetto. tical campaigns, that internal movement Fraternally, politics are filled with contesting fac­ Joan Bowman tions, often ugly, sometimes bloody. Gerald Gray SNCC's internal politics are no excep­ tion. The left press holds ,a privileged VIETNAM position in relation to the left. The left To the Editor: CC: James Rourke Jack Minnis article on why are we in For a good analysis of SNCC staff meeting, read Kopkind in New Republic, Jan. 7, 1967 Teamsters Local 265 Vietnam7 is an excellent article. In fact San Francisco many papers which have beentraditionally working class and had a working class approach have miss the basic reason why AMERI,CA LOSING IN VIETNAM we are in Vietnam. The Peace Movement itself has missed the point entirely. They are constantly According to the Los Angeles TIMES POLICE MALPRACTICE blaming Johnson for the war. But they the National Liberation Front is winning The .action of collecting complaints don't understand that Johnson is only a the war in Vietnam: at least the statistics against the law enforcement agencies and spokesman for- the capitalist class and come up that way. / personnel of this area has beenundertaken that this a Wall Street war. Jack Foisie, writing in the Jan. 8, 1967 on an off and on againbasis by various or­ In order to have an effective movement, TIMES, reported, "Considering alllosses, ganizations, like Community Alert Patrol you must have a working class approach including those of the South Vietnamese and United Civil Rights Corporation. because these are the people you are sup­ ally and the Koreans, Australians and New The American Civil Uberties Union pose to reach. As of now the peace move­ Zealanders who are fielding combat units established thiS center in Watts in mid­ ment has a middle class approach and it also, 1966 was by far the bloodiest year summer of this year, thus setting up a only reaches the middle class people. of the Vietnamese war. THE COMBINED permanent facility for helping people pro­ I certainly hope TIlE MOVEMENT will TOTAL FOR ENEMY AND FRIENDLY cess their grievances and displeasure with do its part in bringing forth the fact that FORCES WAS 77,000 DEAD." the growing amount of insensitivity and the Negro and the Vietnamese people Foisie also says that an "estimated brutality on the part of law officers and have the same common interest. 50,000 of the enemy" were killed. their department at large. Foisie's box score (as the American . In recent weeks ACLU has opened three Yours truly, press often puts it): Saigon regime sold­ other offices, one in East Los Angeles, F. Adrian Luoma iers dead: 27,000; NLF dead: 50,000. one in Pacoima (San Fernando Valley), 'But in the same issue of the TIMES and one in Venice. Each office, while William Tuohy, chief of the TIMES bu­ being opened to the public at large, is THE MOVEMENT reau in Saigon, writes: situated in a ghettoed area of Negro or is published monthly by "Even the facts are difficult to come Mexican-American populance, or a com­ "You must he thrilled to have your The Movement Press by ... The military command announces village liberated!" bination of both. In these ghettoed areas that 250 enemy soldiers were killed in a Engelhardt In St. Louis Post·Dlspatcll abuse by the " law" is a daily reality. recent battle - by actual body count. But We handle complaints in various ways. EDITORIAL OFFICE: when you later talk to soldiers on the As complainants are often arrested on 449 14th Street scene you learn that they only saw 18 charges directly resulting from the mis­ San Francisco, California 94103 bodies. The rest were estimates cranked REAGAN AND conduct of one or more officers, rather 626-4577 into the official reports as they moved up than the actuality of guilt of the com­ the chain of command." plainant, the M a Ipr a ctice Offices and EDITORIAL GROUP: Now then, let us give the American THE UNIVERSITY 'ACLU try to furnish free legal represen­ Terence Cannon "chain of command" a lot of benefit of the One thing about our governor: he does tation from a list of volunteer attorneys Ellie Isaksen doubt. Let's assume that instead of ex­ not beat around the bush trying to pre­ (a list greatly in need of more names for Frank Cieciorka aggerating the NLF dead 14 TIMES they tend he's a liberal. He has drawn the criminal court proceedings). A classic Bobbi Cieciorka Mike Sharon _ boost it by only 3 times. lines very clearly: the Governor vs. case of this sort is one where the com­ Brooks Penney Then we can revise the death count to the students of California. plainant has been stopped for some sus­ Hardy Frye read, American-Saigon soldiers dead: 27, We think it's time now to define a uni­ picion or another, andventuresto question Joe Blum versity. We think a university is the 000: NLF soldiers dead: 16,600. the officers about the matter and subse­ William Mandel America is losing. students and the faculty: the people who quently is set upon with fists and night­ Fran Fertig And the American government is lying learn and the people who teach. They sticks by the officers for being "smart." Mike Folsom ' to its people about it. A government that should run the universities of our state. The charge at booking is likely to be"as­ Ellen Estrin lies about the safety and welfare of its There has been a lot of talk about sault and battery on an officer." Dave Wellman people is no government at all. We think' "outsiders," usually meaning students All our complainants, regardless of the the government is desperate and insane to not registered in the current semester. severity of their grievance, are escorted LOS ANGELES/STAFF: continue this war. Outsiders should not control a university. by a staff member to the appropriate Karen Koonan Winning or losing, the American gov­ We include as outsiders: complaint office within thevarious law 399-8734 ernment is responsible for the senseless Administrators enforcement offices. With each complaint Bob Niemann murder of Americans and Vietnamese. Regents a letter from ACLU counsel is presented This must stop. This must stop. Legislatures as official notice that the complainant has LOS ANGELES MAILING Corporations legal representation. ADDRESS: and the Governor. Our intention is to see that each com­ P,O. Box 117 They do not teach and they do not learn , plaint is not only registered but also at­ 308 Westwood Plaza THE MOVEMENT recommends: and they should not tell people how to tended to. Los Angeles 24, California run a university. The students and Harold C.' Hart-Nibbrig e teachers we know earnestly wish that SUBSCRIPTIONS: Earl's Auto Sales and Servic Director PMCC - Watts these outsiders ',vould stop interfering $2 per year, individual copies, 1830 San Pablo Ave, Berkeley 10209 Beach Street with the real and potentially beautiful $5 per hundred per month, non­ Los Angeles 90002, Th 1-5755 process of learning and teaching. commercial bulk subscriptions 567 - 8391 Advertising: $4 per column inch ,JANUARy~'r967 THE MOVEMENT Page 3 "VOICEPRINT' 'REJ'ECTED IN WATTS ARSON CASE By Terence Cannon or date or day of week of the filming. iDS ANGELES -Can a "print" of aper­ He could not remember what he was wear­ son's voice be used the way fingerprints ing (though he testified-closely as to what are used to identify a suspect? The Los the man across the street was wearing). Angeles District Attorney and a "self­ acclaimed expert" in sound spectrograms tried very hard to prove this in the recent trial of Edward Lee King, a resident of Jury Heard Tapes -. Watts, for burglary and arson during the The judge allowed the jury to hear the Watts uprising. "Confession" tape and to see andhearthe Shortly after the uprising, CBS-TV TV film. This seems to have had a tre­ News, under Bill Stout, went into South rne.n9()us impact on them. The jurywas all­ Central LA with an offer: they would pay white; only two had B.A. degrees. The $100 to any person who would tell what he prosecutor, Robert lmerman, used his had done during. the revolt. CBS made it ten challenges to eliminate the two Ne­ clear that it would not reveal the identity groes .suggested for the jury and the 8 of the person and would not show his face candidates with Mas t e r s degrees' or on the program. Ph.D's. A "Pre-Interview" tape was made in which Stout asked at least two candidates The jury then decided without proofthat for the. program what they had done. To one the voice on the''Confession Tape" was of them he asked, "Did you burn down that of Edward Lee King. Thrifty Drugs?" The young man an­ swered, "Yes." "Did you burn down Sams Liquor?" A Juror's Notes "Yes." They seem to have been highly influenced "Did you burn down the Nilt Diamond by what was said by the young men on the Furniture Store?" Pre-Interview Tape. I was able to get hold "Yes." of the handwritten notes of one of the One of the young men then,related sev­ TWO VOICEPRINTS-Their patterns TWO MORE VOICEPRINTS-Their jurors, a white woman. Her comments are eralother incidents -how he had threat­ look a like but they are prints of the patterns look different, but they are very revealing. At one point she writes, "If it wasn't ened to kill his white friends, how he had same sound spoken by two clillerent spoken twice by the same person. true, then why would he have said it?" tried to run a white woman off the road on people. a bridge. This tape was later called the Her logic, in every case, was just that "Confession Tape" and was central in the It passed unanimously. - if he (whom she assumed to be King) Edward King case. worked for the Bell Telphone Labora· Kersta claimed that the voice on the said it, then it must be true. One of the youths was selected for the tories for 39 years. He is not a phoneti-. "Confession Tape" and the voice of Ed­ At another point in her notes she says, filming. Only the back of his head and cian or a linguist. He helped develop a ward Lee King were\.-the same. The DA' "Why would he say his friend had seven shots of him from behind were shown. device called the "spectrograph" ~EE devoted 4-1/2 weeks' of the trial to the bullets? .Why notsotne or many! It's "Ilictur~" The film was c:arefully edited by CBS PICTURE), which gives a of t}1e' \ voiceprint' 'evidence." truth thats whyI" pr,oducers and'edjtors.ir!. LAanct New YOl:"k hutnan v(jice.~Kersta resigned from Bell On·the·;witness stand, Kersta admitted She was obviously upset when the voice. .~e to cut out anything that: might identify the Telephoni;· Company" immediately before that' did'not have enough "points of told about trying to run a woman off the person. ThefilmedinterView lasts about 10 giving evidence, and he now has his own similarity" to prove that the "Confession road. "The woman on the 6th Street minutes. company, the V0 ice Print Lab, Inc. Tape" and the voice of King were the same. bridge," she wrote. "He related that in­ During the filming, Bill Stout told LA When I asked Kenneth Thomas what he But, he said, he could prove that the TV cident with such reality. He thought that Chief of Police Parker about the section thought Kersta's interest in this case tape and King were the same, and THERE­ was so funny it really cracked him up-to of the film with the young man. Parker was, Thomas replied, "money." Kersta FORE the "Confession Tape" was the see something bad happen to a white , reportedly got very angry. "Don't you was paid $3000 to testify in the King case. same. woman for a change. She had to go through dare show that film in my town," he told .Professor Victoria Fromkin of the UCLA His reasoning was clearly wrong. "I so many motions to keep on the road. Stout. "I won't have anybody shown com­ .Linguistics Dept. agrees. "Kersta wants didn't care about the TV anyway," said "How could he have enjoyed retelling mitting a crime in my town." Then he bet :to sell his equipment to all the police Thomas. "It contain,ed nothing incrimina­ this story unless what he was saying was Stout he could find and arrest the young departments in the country," she said. tory..' TRlJ.l1I!" The DA seemed to give in to this. He man within 30 days after the film was UCLA ullguistics Department got About some· other evidence, she com­ The spent only a few minutes of his summing­ shown. interested in the case after the GrandJury mented, "Just another bit for our stew." up on the voiceprints. AccordlllgtoThomas, another jurorwas hearing that indicted King. Prof e s so r Judge Raymond Roberts was so shaky King Arrested Peter Ladefoged, head of the Phonetics heard to comment .after the trial, "We On Christmas Day, 1965, Edward Lee about the "scientific proof" that he in­ had to find him guilty of SOMETHING." Lab and one of the most outstanding structed the jury that there were three King, a young Watts resident. was ar­ phoneticians in the country, called the SeIitem:ing will take place on January rested on a narcotics charge. In his wal­ possibilities concerning the tape:l)that the 17. Thomas will then ask for a retrIal. If DA's office. He wanted to make sure, he person was making the story up to get the let the police found the business card of said, that the police were not being hood­ that is not granted, he will appeal. ­ CBS cameraman Jerry Sims. At the trial $100, 2) that he was joking, and 3) that "I "I think we beat them on the voice­ winked by an unscientific device. "We've guess" he might be telling the truth. After Sims testlfied that he gave out "hun­ got our expert," the DA .cut him off. prints," Thomas told this reporter. dreds" of his cards in the riot area. But King was found guilty, the judge released "Voiceprints just don't have it." "We don't want to talk." him on his own recognizance; amazing that was enough to get· Parker's police Prof. Ladefoged got in touch with Attor­ * * *- * started. A joint investigation was begun since before the trial King had been held The other evidence doesn't seem to ·ney Thomas. Thomas asked him to com­ under $10,000 bail~ with the- police, fir e department, and 'ment on Kersta's tstimony before the have it either. And perhaps the less said .sheriff's office all seeking to prove that Grand Jury. In a letter to Thomas, Lade­ about the jury and 1;he jury system the King was the CBS "mystery rioter." foged attacked Kersta's testimony·on sev­ WHY THEN WAS KING FOUND GLnLTY? better. eral points: ' There were basically TWO trials: one Mystery of Tape Kersta:· ~:~It works exactly the same as/ of the "voiceprint" and one of King. The first thing they did was to get a it does in fingerprint. identification." THE JURY DISMISSED THE VOICE .:. copy of the CBS Pre-Interview' 'Confes­ TRADING STAMPS Ladefoged: "This is not true. Finger­ PRINT EVIDENGE AND convicted King sion Tape." How they got it is a mystery, ! FOR FREEDOM prints remain relatively constant .•. on the basis oftlie other eVide~ce, mixed says Kenneth R. Thomas, King's lawyer. SNCC needs your trading stamps but even the same words spoken by the with, I think, considerable prejudice. It looks as if they got it from the Mc- ' (yes, trading stamps). In the same speaker give different patterns on i I have spent time on the voiceprints Cone Commission. CBS, apparently in past two years, SNCC has re­ different occasions .•.·Mr. Kersta leaves because in all the publicity it has been good faith, offered the Pre-Interview tape deemed over $15,000.00 in trad­ out an important point •.• that there is made to seem',that King was convicted ing stamps to purchase vehicles, to McCone. stout wanted McCone to get an evidence that different vocal cavity shapes through the use of this •'new scientific "insight" into the feelings of a typical (which may belong to different speakers) device." He was not. The juryevenwanted tires, and garage equipment, and person involved in the revolt. Somehow can produce the same acoustic patterns." to go on record as haVing rejected this the need for these items con­ the cops got hold of it from McCone ­ Ladefoged continued," His statistics do evidence, but they were not allowed to. tinues and grows. Reliable, :hough all testimony was supposed to be not justify'the claimthat this techniqu~can. The remaining evidence centeredaround well-maintained transportation immune from use as evidence. be used with reasonable scientific cer- . a single eyewitness, one Terence Warren. is essential to the movement. The Police took King into a bugged tainty'" Warren, a white man hostile to the up­ You can support SNCC by send­ room. Two "arson investigators" went "Quite frankly, much of what Mr. Ker­ rising and to civil rights_ in general, ing your trading J>tamps (any in to talk to King about arson in general. sta has said may be correct. But there is witnessed part of the filming of the TV kind, any amount) to: King said nothing to them that would be a great deal of scientific mumbo jumbo show. He was working across the street MARIN FRIENDS OF SNCC incriminating. which has as much validity as evidence while an outdoor sequence was being BOX 210 obtained by witchcraft, divination, or guess shot and watched it for several minutes MILL VALLEY, CALIFORNIA The. "Expert" work." from across the street. 94941 All three tapes, the CBS Pre-Interview In June; 1966 Professor Ladefogedpre­ He had never seen King, he testified, tape, the CBS film tape, and the tape sented a resolution to the convention of the before or after. Three months after this from King's cell, were sent to a man Acoustical Society of America. It asked occurred, he was approachedby the police. named Laurence Kersta, who claimS he can that the Speech Communication Committee He cooperated fully by identifying King \ match voices the way police matchfinger­ of the society go on record as believing as the person he had seen being filmed. prints. that spectrograms should not be used That was about ALL Warren could re­ Subscribe to THE MOVEMENT Kersta is a~ Electrical Engineer who for sI?eak~r identification in trials. member. He could not remember the time THE MOV'EMENT

This article is by Rudolf Augstein, editor-publisher of DER SPIEGEL. This mass-circulationnewsmagazine has been described as "the TIME magazine of West Germany." It shows how strong the opposition to America's war policy is, even within this country's strongest European ally.

Our American friends avoid us and we them. We meet their glance in the mild hope of not having to discuss politics. There is no longer any agreement between us. The war in Vietnam divides us from them and probably will for a long time. The war -in Vietnam is changing an entire nation and our relations to it; it is splitting the West into two camps. De Gaulle and U Thant are as one in their rejection of what the United States is doing. On television we see how entire regions in South Vietnam are forc­ ibly evacuated and whole villages blown to pieces. Petrified by this in­ comprehensible "defense," wQ.Q1en and old men submit to being led away from their homes, leaving behind a trail of sc attered possessions: which have fallen out of their hurrying carts. Crops are destroyed by special chemical sprays. Napalm burns ten noncombatants to death, and a child is always one of them, before one Vietcong guerrilla is killed. Day by day , the number of the quarry bagged AMERICA'S is counted up. Seriously wounded, half-dead prisoners are interrogated by Ameri­ can officers. Weapons not covered by the Geneva Convention are being tested with great success. There is no longer any doubt: war crimes are being committed, not by German barbarians, not by Asian Communists PREDATORY (though they do too), but by the wealthiest, the most powerful and most democratic republic in the world. In North Vietnam, dikes and irrigation canals in the thic kly popu­ lated coastal delta have already been bombed. General Maxwell Taylor has said that the ring around the capital, Hanoi, is being drawn tighter WAR and the air attacks will "raze everything that North Vietnam has built up in the last ten years." The Americans are treating the people living in both parts of Viet­ nam the same way one side treats the other in a civil war. But they are not using the traditional means which were used by both sides in the civil wars of the, past. They.are employing methods into wh'ich they have

'poured all the "te.chnicaJ > ~tr,ength and perfection of their enorm~usly prod uctive industry.- The fundamental proposition: "Better dead than Red" is being'written out in full by the Americans on the bodies of the Vietnamese, with relatively few casualties of their own. Asians, the yellow people, must endure what it would be difficult to demand from Europeans and North Americans. If Communism is to prove it is not a sham, the Communists in Vietnam can't give in. The moral devastation is almost as bad as the physical. Until now Commun'ist theory asserted that,the capitalists would tolerate the luxury of their democratic and philanthropic morality just as long as their econ­ omic superiority was not threatened. The economically weaker revolu­ tionaries should not, therefore, stoop to a morality which the capitalists would indecently abandon if the need arose. Until now the Americans have waged but few and minor predatory , wars. They have never sanctioned torture till now. They have never be­ fore engaged in military operations on behalf of a puppet regi me which .they, and they alone, sustain. But this is what they are doing today. By their actions they claim the right to keep in power every feudal exploitativ'e regime which is faced by a' Communist-led revolt; political and social changes brought about by violence (with Communist partici­ pation) are forbidden; only the violence of despotic capitalist militarists is allowed. And this principle does not remain a theory but is implemented with Illassive power and acts of war. That is why Communist morality is justified in saying there is no morality except for revolutionary morality: capitalism must be fought with all possible means; capitalist morality consists ?f fighting revolution with every possible means. Therefore, the great war is unavoidable because the Americans will become the ar­ biters who decide which revolutions mayor may not take place, and the Communist powers will not accept this situation for long. Every mo'ral appeal, every invocation of human rights and humanity is absurd' as long as what is happening in Vietnam meets with approval. What do the fifty-nine people who have died at the Berlin Wall mean com­ pared to the hundred thousand women and children who have been in­ cinerated in Vietnam because of the white man's arrogance-and who will be followed by hundreds of thousands more? How presumptuous it is to ravage a country because they do not know the country and cannot bring it under their control. If the Americans have no formula for ruling Asia, if the governments they support cannot maintain themselves, they will have to leave the Asians to themselves. Our American friends know all this or at least some of it. But they do not want to h.ear abou,t it. It is not just North Vietnam, branded an aggressor by President Johnson, which is paying a high price but the entire non-Communist world. Copyright 1966 ATLAS MAGAZINE JANUARY 1967

Pox Americana . woodcut (actual size) Page 6 THE MOVEMENT JANUARY 1967

The Main Entrance of the University a~ Bancroft and Telegraph Avenues during the, strike.

oo -" 0. BERKELEY STUDENT STRIKE By Jeff Lustig The choice to spend time in internal teaching. The immediate issue was there­ Strike: the cold and rain, the threat of Students stumble into confrontation as arguments rather than picketing or train­ by tied to other educational problems and Finals and the Faculty's desertion--that if by accident ort the Berkeley campus. ing ,new leaders implied,a belief that the to the structure of University power. indic§tted ce1;tain victories ! had 'b e e n Coming into the Student Union late in important work took place inside those This fight for what are essentially achieved. the afternoon on November 31 one learned 'meetings. Educational Rights marks the growing At that meeting, strikers gained the op­ that discontent had again erupted. A Outside. the picket line revealed the student recognization of how the society' portunity to discuss their insights and student had been arrested: he was fragility of student committment. It affects them directly. Berkeley is one to affect the course vf the Strike, through " guilty" of provoking an attack upon became clear that anger was not enough. of the first places in the country where the open agenda and an "open mike". himself by sitting next to a Navy en­ It was not enough for leaders to oc­ students can trace repression to their Participants attacked basic issues; and listment table with information on Draft casionally test their arguments in public. own supposedly comfortable. well­ took Berkeley beyond the FSM. They alternatives. A new framework should have been de­ financed careers. and where they fight to began to see that if their anger were A sit-in was in progress. protesting veloped and strikers should have been change the conditions of their work with­ serious. their fight would be a large the arrest and the Administative dis­ involved in the running of the strike. out assuming false identities or interests. one. and their goals would take them be­ crimination among "off-campus" groups. Though most strikers knew they could Unfortunately the strikers lackedmeans yond familiar political methods. Fol~ Protesters had asked the Administra­ not expect the Administration to give to make this so~histication_effective.Being lowing the oberservation that this was but tion to discuss the incidents. Instead. in. few went beyond this to figure out new to political activity, they did not see "the second of a fifteen rounder", was helmeted police forced their way through exactly what a victory would look like. their duty to influence the leadership. the suggestion that if we could not win the 70-person crowd to arrest six con­ This indifference to strategy has led in As a result, though everyone thought new immediately. we could "keep the Ad­ spicuous non-students. the past to the subtie acceptance of the leaders should be trained, the monopoliza­ ministration off-balance' by continually "Wrong" arrests and spontaneous re­ Administration's framework. 'tion of political tasks deprived followers blowing their minds." sponses are part of the continuing con­ The myth of Academic Freedom has of leadership perspective and practice. Beneath these apparentflippancies were flictat Berkeley. The sit-ins were disguised the relation between educa­ The hope that people could become attempts to come to grips with the depths forced by immediate issues: but'they tion and society. Radicals have involved politicized without actually making de­ 'of the task. Old events were seen in were also made necessary by the de­ this myth by arguing that there was too cisions. and that extended theo~ies could 'a new light. The alliance with the Teach­ privation of other means of political little "independence." lf a little 'lib­ arise spontaneously from gut reflexes ing 1\ssistants' Union and the hippie re­ expression. The arrest of non-registered erty has appeared comfortable, then we should have been dispelled by the FSM. bellion were seen as haVing crucial im­ students sought to fix scapegoats: but have demanded more. A mere increase For it was the FSM's failure to con­ portance. Creative tactics were sug­ it also attempted to maintain the doc­ is presumed to take care of everything: sciously prepare for protracted struggle gested. A conceptual revolution was trinaire and increasingly industrialized more communication, more grievance by extending its perspectives and train­ implied in the charge to "blow their educational system which lies at the procedures, more pass-fail grades. But ing new leaders thilt cost it its vic­ mindS". (One participant noted this phase root of student discontent. simple liberation is not what we fight tories. carried the force of the traditional, "break All these implications were not im­ for. lf it were, we'd have been smarter From some perspectives the Strike your chains", and suggested, "you have mediately apparent. It was the crack of to leave the campus. was a failure. The Administration did nothing to lose but your minds".) The chin-high billy clubs and the hating, hate­ . This error showed itself a month be­ not yield to Strike Demands. But there meeting marked a departure from usual ful police faces that decided the week's fore when the Administration-threatened was an elation at the last night's meet­ CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE activity. Surprised, uncertain, and angry, to move the free speech area 'and cut ing~-despite the grim conditions of the 3000 students met and after five hours rally time. Activists accused the Ad­ This is the YELLOW SUBMARINE leaflet which was handed out on the ministration of hypocracy and of betray­ forged their response, the strike. last day of the strike_~ Strike machinery was assembled out of ingthe faculty's December 8. 1964 res­ small improvisations, FSM memories and olution in support of traditional liberties. old habits. Picket, Poster and Leaf­ Those who said •'Remember December· let committees were formed at 12:30 8" did not see that thIs cry hid the facts: a.m. as the interim Strike Committee the Administration acts in its own in­ adjourned to a private house to attack terest. the faculty usually shares those problems of the moment. interests. and students must organize to The Strike Committee was chargedwith fight the dominant forms of" education. difficulttasks. Faced with Finals and a One student leaflet protested the denial clever bureaucracy.' it had to coordi­ of "onethird of our free speech." It nate a Strike. It attempted to meet these drew this reply from a Free Univer­ problems but never emerged from under sity pamphlet: the weight of, the immediate: How to "The point is not that a third of our reply? When to· negotiate? Who to Free Speech has been denied (how do AN EXPLANATK>N send? What kind qf rally to call? And you qualify freedom?), but.that students beneath these deci$'ions were the usual continue to be excluded from control The Yellow Slbmarlne,...... first proposed by the Butles, who taught us a new style of song. Il w... launched by hlp pacifists In a New Yorl< harbor, and then led a peace' struggles to balanCe' resources against over their lives. and this exclusion is parade of 10,000 down a New Yorl< Street. Last night we celebrated the growing fusion goals, effectiveness,against integrity. total. not fractional." of head, heart and hands; of hippies and activists; and our joy and confidence In our ability to care for and take care of ourselves and what Is ours. And' 80 ...e made a Picketing. leafleting. speaking and re­ When the Administration tried to out­ resolution which broke Into song; and we adopt for today this unexpected symbol of cruiting all had to be done, if not by flank students by proposing that Sproul our trust in our future., and of our longing for a place fit for us all to live In. Please the Strike Committee, then by others. Hall be converted into a classroom build­ 'post, cspcclally where prohibited. We love YOU. This meant that the actual protesters ing (thus destroying the FreeSpeechArea, were cut off from political and tactical which would interfere with "normal func­ decisions. Leaders lost contact with the tioning"), the radical response pointedout mood and realities of the strike. the •'inefficiencies" involved. The real Strikers objected. They wanted more point was that students had not been information about the meetings. They consulted regarding the use of campus wanted work committee chairmen seated facilities or the determining of "normal" .on the Steering Committee. The leaders education. It was not a quantitive "in­ were charged with neglecting the work of crease" in efficiency but the qualitative the strike. Their reply was honest if rights of students that was again at issue. ritualized: they lacked time. Every This controversy over the nature of moment apart from public rallies, press the fight 'led to the comprehensive set of meetings, private faculty conferel}ces,. ~trike demands. In addition to amnesty sleeping and eating, W'

••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• _is young, articUlate, likes people and has , '. learned his political lessons the' hard way. One lady in Alviso asked LaIo if she could help on his campaign. She t=- SUBSCRIBE, TO Y, THE MOVEMENT!' explained that she is tired of being made Please send me the next 12 issues of THE MOVEMENT- Enclosed is $2.00 to feel ashamed to be a Mexican, and that to help him any way possible would make her proud. NAME With Santos promising to pu~ on "a fight like this town has never seenbefore", ADDRESS and Castro being manipulatedby the power structure to siphon off the Mexican vote '\Z======--~CI~T..!..Y ---;- ~S~TA~T~E~ ~ZI~P ) and providing the anti-5antos anglos with a •safe' alternative, and Mr. Resendez making brown people proud, the election MAIL TO THE MOVEMENT 449 14th STREET will be one of crucial importance to the SEND ONE TO A fRIEND! SAN FRANCISCO, CAUL 94i03 future politics of Alviso. )~... ;. .t.", :-.:'~i-: . ..,.:..... Pa~e THE MOVEMENT, JANUARY 1967 •8 ~'J:~ ...... •...... '.' ' ·.·.·1· 1r~J: ~~Jt»i:~ ~~ ~~JlC:~~ ~ MURDERERS OF MALCOLM STill FREE By Terence Cannon and he brings together enough evidence Who was the mystery man arrestedout­ economic and social atmosphere that auto­ side the ballroom after the shooting as matically nourishes a racist psychology On Sunday afternoon, February 21,1965, to- implicate the New York police de­ he was being beaten by a mob shouting, in the white man. .v1aIcolm X was assassinated in the partment and thegovernment in Malcolm's 'He shot Malcolml' Why did he disappear ..... udubon Ballroom in New York City. murder. As a first step, this is a strong Malcolm was beginning to apply this from sight immediately after being taken Four men were involved in this killing: achievement. new political understanding to America into custody, and why has he not been cwo with revolvers, one with a sawed­ The questions must be answered. Some domestically. Internationally, he was identified or heard from since? Jff shotgun, and one who distracted at­ of the most important are: beginning to open up the possibility of "Why did one of the defendents at the tention with a smoke bomb. "Why, one week after the fire-bombing real. cooperation between American murder trial admit his guilt, absolve his Most people, ifaskedWho KilledM$llcom of his house iy. Queens, were there no negroes and the radical socialist African two co-defendants; and then claim he and X? would reply - the Muslims. Hardly police at the rp~eting where Malcolm was states. three other men had been paid for the 3.nyone would be able to give a name. murdered? . He was pushing to bring the American murder by a third party who was not Yet in January of 1966 three men were "Why was Malcolm poisoned almost racial crisis before the United Nations, a Muslim?" Jrought to trial for the killing and sen­ fatally in Cairo the day before .he was a move that by placing the U.S. in the tenced life. Two of them were probably to deliver a scathing denunciation of ****** same position as South Africa, would Shortly before his death, Malcolm wrote: innocent. I don't even remember read­ the'American Government to the Sum­ have seriously' embarassed this country's "In the past, yes, I have made sweeping ing about it in the San Francisco papers mit Conference of African prime min­ government. indictments of all white people. I will 3.nd remember holding; 'in the back of isters? . Malcolm was a dangerous man. He was never be guilty of that again - as I now my mind for many months the thought ­ "Why was Leon Ameer, Malcolm's seeking non-black allies in an international know that some white people are truly I really ought to check up 'on what New England representive, found stran­ movement; he was moving to the left. sincere, .that some truly are capable of h.appened to Malcolm's killers. gled to death in his Boston hotel room I am afraid that we can no longer trust being brotherly toward a black man.... Now Eric Norden, writing in the hours after he had told a public meeting in nor believe our government. Some It isn't the American White man who is February, 1967.issue of the realist, has he had evidence that 'the white power people call this a "credibility gap." a racist, but it's the American political, orought the issue back to life. In doing structure killed Malcolm'? What I have in mind is more like what so he has' raised as many frightening Thomas Jefferson said when he wrote questions and conclusions as Mark Lane the Declaration of Independence: ::lid in his examination of the assassina­ IfWe hold these t ruth s to be self­ tion of President Kennedy. evident~ that all men are created equal, The killing of Malcolm may be as that they are endowed by their Creator important to the .future of America as with certain unalienable rights,that among the killing of the President. He was, these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit in Norden's words, "one of that rare of Happiness. That to secure these Jreed of men who are truly irreplacable. rights, Governments are instituted among ,\ black - or white - leader of his Men, deriving their just powers from the ~enius may not arise again for genera­ consent of the governed. That whenever tions, and it would not be an exaggera­ any Form of Government becomes des­ tion to say that his assassination has tructive of these ends, it is the Right of radically altered the course of American the People to alter or to abolish it, and history." to institute a. new Government, laying The purpose of this review is to get its principles and organizing its powers you to read Norden's l8-page article. ·in such form, as to them shall seem Back issues are available from 'TIlE most likely to effect their Safety and REALIST, Dept. 73, Hox 379, :::;tuyve­ Happiness." sant Station, New York, N. Y. IOQ09 If, as it seems, the Government of the for 25¢. No review can do justice, to United States has destroyed one of its Norden's research. The importance of greatest leaders, and has destroyed these his article is in the questions he raises. , rights for many millions of those it He does not prove his conclusion: that supposedly governs, if we can neither Malcolm was killed by the intelligence trust in nor' believe it; Thomas Jeffer­ apparatus of the United ,States govern­ son points the way out. ment. He does prove that the official explanation, as in Kennedy's case, is totally without merit, honesty or truth, This photo of Malcolm X will soon be available as a Movement Press 22x28 poster.

"'~1rJ:~ ~~~~ c:~,c:~~~ 1...... ~'C:~~J:Jl JJ~~J:~ ORGANIZING HOUSING TENANTS

legal and financial problems arising from chosen to sell.' If this were to become movement is the top down union orient­ ation of the Industrial Union Department Chicago, Ill. the institution of slum housing itself. the pattern, it could be a serious prob­ No contract has yet to be tested in lem, forcing community organizations to (AFL-eIO), who convened the Federation. It is ;m understatement to saythat there court. The few legal skirmishes to date seek financing from the Federal govern- The IUD is seeking a way to become 1S a shortage of adequate housing for poor have (on both sides) avoided the issue, ;ment or through private foundations. The directly involved in the civil rights move­ people in Chicago. Housing in the ghetto, either ending up in temporary injunctions non-profit Presbyterian Church-connect- ment, certainly in a partial attempt to no matter what the ethnic composition, exert political control, and probably as based on technicalities, or addressing ed Community Renewal Foundation which costs far more for smaller and inferior a vehicle to reach unorganized workers themselves (currently in process) to the bought a large building and made an agree­ housing than thatfOjUld in'middle andwork­ in non-union shops. (It may be worth right to picket real estate agents. The ment with its tenants who had been on ing class areas. There are a handful of few possible test cases (due to 'land­ noting that IUD recently received strike for two months, has proved to be g r 0 ups currently organizing tenants' lord non-cooperation) are weak in terms $75,000.00 from the Stern Family Fund no friend of the Movement. They applied' unions, seeking negotiated settlements of the organizational strength of the ten­ for "community organizing" in Delano, for a type of Federal financing that or collective bargaining contracts between .ants themselves. This is true of single Chicago, and one other city.) IUD and excludes the poor after the repairs are tenants and landlords. The growing ten­ buildings where tenant involvement in the movement people, particularly commun­ made. Cooperative housing proposed by ants' movement provides a forum that rent strike phase was high, as well as ity based, community union oriented EGPUES and the Lawndale Union to End brings community organizations involving the large contracts covering many build­ organizers, have been at odds as to the Slums, using Federal money secured by poor people together, under the banner ings, some having virtually no organized composition of the board of directors SCLC, threatens to absorb too much of of the Tenants' Federation. tenants even though efforts are being of the proposed cooperative housing men­ the organizers energies on the issue of JOIN Community Union, representing. made to "fill in the structure." tioned above, as well as the "class" making the project work internally; this poor white and Spanish tenants in a 24 The size of the landlord's holdings structure of the Tenants' Federation. could easily deter from the building of unit building, signed a contract with the appears to be another factor affecting In both instanc-es they have been reluctant multi-issue community unions. owner in May, callingfor specificrepairs, tenant union organizing efforts. Many on the issue of control by tenants (poor A possible alternative to this and of grievance procedures and binding arbi­ landlords claim, perhaps correctly, that people). other complications with the. contract tration. In July, the East Garfield Park they are unable to make the repairs The relationship between movement and would be to return to using hOUSIng prob­ ...., Union to End Slums, a westside group demanded in seriously delapidated build­ union people, although not' easy, is cur­ lems solely as an organizing device rather initiated by SCLC, won a similar contract ings without raising rent, or because they rently workable. Recently the Federation than becoming in large measure a single covering 40 buildings with the large slum ,can't get loans for slum building repair. decided that decision making and the run­ issue, locally focused organizations. For real estate firm Condor and Costalis. The Given the scary shadow of urban renewal ning of meetings would be left to tenants, example, an organizer might go into a idea of tenants' unions and contracts that threatens every budding movement e a c h participating organization having building with no heat, talk to tenants caught· on qUickly; the number of organ­ group, many large slum firms can hold three members on the board of directors. and get them to hold back rent until izations working for or wInning contracts out. Tenant organizing efforts are present­ An educational program is now underway the landlord provides heat. Chances are grew to include several more poor peoples ly too small to even seriously consider bringing neighborhood people together to that as many people would join or be­ groups and several groups composed on the large question of taking on the mort­ discuss common experiences and prob­ come sympathetic to t~e organization, middle - class people inhabiting small gage holders, enemy of both tenants and lems. The hope of the Federation and the and the organization would not become buildings. small owners. Movement in the city is in part an edu­ bogged down in the difficult time con­ Our limited experience reveals a num·­ Large slum firms appear to be able cational program that goes beyond just suming, single and very local issue of ber of problems associated with organ­ to make a profit, although it is not clear the issue of hOUSing, education that seeks rehabilitating buildings and getting ten­ izing tenants, including the difficulty of that they can do so in the face of a serious to build leaders knOWledgable of the multi­ ants to cooperate in' 'keeping them clean." building consciousness and the internal contract calling for in-depth rehabilita­ issue character of the system they seek strength of tenants groups, as well as tion. Some have threatened or actually Another problem facing the tenants' to change.