The Self-Branding Practices of Celebrities on Instagram

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Self-Branding Practices of Celebrities on Instagram Graduate School of Humanities Media Studies: Television and Cross-Media Culture MASTER’S THESIS The Self-Branding Practices of Celebrities on Instagram An Extensive look at the Instagram accounts of Kim Kardashian, Beyoncé Knowles, and Cristiano Ronaldo Student number: 11310138 Word count: 18,814 Supervisor: Dr. Jaap Kooijman | Second reader: Dr. Jan Teurlings Abstract This thesis aimed to outline the self-branding practices of Kim Kardashian, Beyoncé Knowles, and Cristiano Ronaldo. It proposed how traditional frameworks of self-presentation from Dyer’s concept of the star image, Goffman’s ‘impression management’, Turners notions of the ‘real self’, and Halonen- Knight and Hurmerinta’s meaning transfer models in celebrity endorsements could provide a starting point for the range of self-presentation strategies they adopt. A textual and functional analyses of a sample of Instagram posts were carried out and these posts suggested the types of self-presentation practices used by celebrities. Nevertheless, it was outlined how the use of these theoretical frameworks on the contemporary platform of Instagram causes tensions. Moreover, these posts indicated what features and tools of Instagram were used and what facets of their appearances were most prominent for the particular self-presentation they wanted to convey. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of these posts are that the traditional frameworks of self-presentation need to be adjusted in order to fit in with the modern-day usage patterns of Instagram. Secondly, they reveal that the self-branding practices always need to prioritise and condition to the expectations of their Instagram followers before fulfilling their own branding goals. Furthermore, the analytics demonstrated that the posts with an increased access into a celebrity's personal life were the most remarkable. Yet, follow up studies could investigate the self-branding practices of less famous celebrities as well to understand whether these patterns of expectations and the self-branding practices are only relevant for world-famous celebrities like Kim Beyoncé and Cristiano 2 Table of Contents Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 4! 1. Self-presentation on Instagram ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 10! 1.1 Celebrities conditioning for fans ................................ ................................ ................................ 10! 1.2 Celebrities fulfilling their own purposes ................................ ................................ .................... 12! 1.3 Star Images and Impression Management: Appealing to fans ................................ ................... 13! 1.4 The Institutional and Impulsive: The extraordinary and ordinary lifestyles .............................. 15! 1.5 Celebrity Endorsements and Advertisements ................................ ................................ ............. 16! 1.6 The self-presentation as a reflection of a celebrity’s goal ................................ .......................... 17! 2. The star-image on Instagram ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 19! 2.1 The public within public: ‘candid’ and ‘professional’ photographs ................................ .......... 20! 2.2 The private within public: the ‘intimate’ and the ‘post-private’ ................................ ................ 21! 2.3 Questions of authenticity and the implications of the public and private overlap ..................... 22! 2.4 Conditioning ‘star images’ for followers: Goffman’s ‘Impression Management’ ..................... 24! 2.5 Conditioning star images for purposes: Maintaining ‘openness’ ................................ ............... 28! 3. The Institutional and Impulsive representations on Instagram ................................ ................. 30! 3.1 The institutionalized representations: The extraordinary celebrity status ................................ .. 31! 3.2 The impulsive representations: The ordinary celebrity status ................................ .................... 33! 3.3 Implications of the shift between the institutional and impulsive representations ..................... 34! 3.4 Celebrities conditioning for patterns of consumption: Goffman’s ‘Role Distance’ (1961) ....... 35! 3.5 Conditioning the ‘institutional and ‘impulsive’ for their own purposes ................................ .... 37! 4. The Star Commodity ................................ ................................ ................................ ...................... 40! 4.1 The endorsements and advertised Instagram posts of the celebrities ................................ ......... 41! 4.2 Questions of performative intimacy and the implications of marketing ................................ .... 42! 4.3 Celebrities and Instagram users conditioning for the celebrity through labour ......................... 46! 4.4 The elements to prioritise in a double form of branding ................................ ............................ 49! Conclusion ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 50! Bibliography ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........ 53! Appendices ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........... 57! 3 Introduction ‘It is a talent to have a brand that’s really successful off of getting people to like you, for you’ - Kim Kardashian (Whitaker, Bill. Interview, 21 October 2016) The concept of the ‘celebrity’ has been framed as a historical process (Braudy 1986 in Marwick and Boyd, Celebrity Practice 140) and thus it used to mean something differently in the past than it does now. Historically celebrities were particularly visible through the medium of television and the types of celebrity stories that were broadcasted were those audiences found ‘worthy of intensive appreciation’ (Newman and Levine 142). The television mediated the perception of these celebrities as well as the communication of their lives, however because of its transformative process, there are new mediums that have redefined the concept of the celebrity in todays’ media saturated landscape. This refers to the advent of the web and the enhanced interaction with screens that generate individually customized feeds of images (Carah and Shaul 72). On these screens, being a celebrity is not just about their intrinsic personal characteristics or external labels but also about their ‘organic and ever-changing performative practices’ reinforced through the circulation of images on these media devices. This represents the logic of self-branding – a strategy or a new language for self-empowerment whereby celebrities cultivate a name and image of the self that can be manipulated […] for their own purposes and well-being (Davis, 41). Self-branding is similar to product branding, because it becomes a powerful tool through which the celebrities sell themselves in order to stand out from the competition (Davis 47). They do this by getting in touch with the “selling parts” of their personality, crafting them into a relentlessly focused persona, and enhancing their profile and their visibility through marketing so that, like a product they become ultimate objects of desire (Davis 47-8). As people react to situations based on context rather than fixed psychological traits (Meyrowitz in Marwick and Boyd , Context Collapse 116), these performative practices in self-branding are particularly crucial for the identity that the celebrities wish to communicate with their fans. Moreover, since traditional settings for in-person celebrity-fan interactions have become less popular and the highly mediated digitized-image culture take over, fans expect the images of celebrities to integrate the elements of performed intimacy, authenticity, and the ‘consumable persona’ that allow the viewer to see the real person behind the ‘celebrity’ (Marwick and Boyd, Celebrity Practice 149). However, what can be defined as a ‘consumable persona’? What forms of self-presentation are perceived as the most intimate and authentic? And why have the ‘intimate’ and ‘authentic’ images become such a crucial component of a celebrity’s performative practices? These are the questions this thesis strives to answer by analyzing a number of their self-presentation strategies on social media. For this, traditional theories of self-presentation are productive starting points to understand the way celebrities present themselves to the many fans they have. Furthermore, celebrity practices are shaped to conform with the platform and perceptions of what a consumable persona is, is indirectly informed by the platform and the users present on it. This shaping and conditioning of a celebrity’s self- 4 presentations with forms of consumption on social media a central characteristic of self-branding, in which the self and market fuse together (Davis 46) and allow the celebrity to transform their ordinary self-presentation practices into market-worthy performances. The social media application ‘Instagram’ which was launched in 2010 has become one of the most significant sites in which celebrities position
Recommended publications
  • Constructing, Programming, and Branding Celebrity on Reality Television
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Producing Reality Stardom: Constructing, Programming, and Branding Celebrity on Reality Television A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Film and Television by Lindsay Nicole Giggey 2017 © Copyright by Lindsay Nicole Giggey 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Producing Reality Stardom: Constructing, Programming, and Branding Celebrity on Reality Television by Lindsay Nicole Giggey Doctor of Philosophy in Film and Television University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor John T. Caldwell, Chair The popular preoccupation with celebrity in American culture in the past decade has been bolstered by a corresponding increase in the amount of reality programming across cable and broadcast networks that centers either on established celebrities or on celebrities in the making. This dissertation examines the questions: How is celebrity constructed, scheduled, and branded by networks, production companies, and individual participants, and how do the constructions and mechanisms of celebrity in reality programming change over time and because of time? I focus on the vocational and cultural work entailed in celebrity, the temporality of its production, and the notion of branding celebrity in reality television. Dissertation chapters will each focus on the kinds of work that characterize reality television production cultures at the network, production company, and individual level, with specific attention paid to programming focused ii on celebrity making and/or remaking. Celebrity is a cultural construct that tends to hide the complex labor processes that make it possible. This dissertation unpacks how celebrity status is the product of a great deal of seldom recognized work and calls attention to the hidden infrastructures that support the production, maintenance, and promotion of celebrity on reality television.
    [Show full text]
  • Fame Attack : the Inflation of Celebrity and Its Consequences
    Rojek, Chris. "The Icarus Complex." Fame Attack: The Inflation of Celebrity and Its Consequences. London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2012. 142–160. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 1 Oct. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849661386.ch-009>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 1 October 2021, 16:03 UTC. Copyright © Chris Rojek 2012. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. 9 The Icarus Complex he myth of Icarus is the most powerful Ancient Greek parable of hubris. In a bid to escape exile in Crete, Icarus uses wings made from wax and feathers made by his father, the Athenian master craftsman Daedalus. But the sin of hubris causes him to pay no heed to his father’s warnings. He fl ies too close to the sun, so burning his wings, and falls into the Tsea and drowns. The parable is often used to highlight the perils of pride and the reckless, impulsive behaviour that it fosters. The frontier nature of celebrity culture perpetuates and enlarges narcissistic characteristics in stars and stargazers. Impulsive behaviour and recklessness are commonplace. They fi gure prominently in the entertainment pages and gossip columns of newspapers and magazines, prompting commentators to conjecture about the contagious effects of celebrity culture upon personal health and the social fabric. Do celebrities sometimes get too big for their boots and get involved in social and political issues that are beyond their competence? Can one posit an Icarus complex in some types of celebrity behaviour? This chapter addresses these questions by examining celanthropy and its discontents (notably Madonna’s controversial adoption of two Malawi children); celebrity health advice (Tom Cruise and Scientology); and celebrity pranks (the Sachsgate phone calls involving Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross).
    [Show full text]
  • Keeping up with the Psychoanalysts: Applying Lacanian and Feminist Theory to Reality Television
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2018 Keeping Up with the Psychoanalysts: Applying Lacanian and Feminist Theory to Reality Television Catherine E. Leary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Leary, Catherine E., "Keeping Up with the Psychoanalysts: Applying Lacanian and Feminist Theory to Reality Television" (2018). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 249. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/249 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact donna.omalley@uvm.edu. Keeping Up with the Psychoanalysts Applying Lacanian and Feminist Theory to Reality Television Catherine Leary University of Vermont Undergraduate Honors Thesis Film and Television Studies 2018 Committee Members Hyon Joo Yoo, Associate Professor, Film and Television Studies Anthony Magistrale, Professor, English Sarah Nilsen, Associate Professor, Film and Television Studies Leary 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Dr. Hyon Joo Yoo for her continued support and wealth of knowledge as my thesis supervisor as I worked my way through dense theory and panicked all year. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Tony Magistrale for serving as the chair of my committee and encouraging me to have fun and actually delve into a Kardashian based project. I also greatly appreciate Dr. Sarah Nilsen’s help as my third reader and as someone who isn’t afraid to challenge theoretical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Perfect Fit': Industrial Strategies, Textual Negotiations and Celebrity
    ‘Perfect Fit’: Industrial Strategies, Textual Negotiations and Celebrity Culture in Fashion Television Helen Warner Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) University of East Anglia School of Film and Television Studies Submitted July 2010 ©This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that no quotation from the thesis, nor any information derived therefrom, may be published without the author's prior, written consent. Helen Warner P a g e | 2 ABSTRACT According to the head of the American Costume Designers‟ Guild, Deborah Nadoolman Landis, fashion is emphatically „not costume‟. However, if this is the case, how do we approach costume in a television show like Sex and the City (1998-2004), which we know (via press articles and various other extra-textual materials) to be comprised of designer clothes? Once onscreen, are the clothes in Sex and the City to be interpreted as „costume‟, rather than „fashion‟? To be sure, it is important to tease out precise definitions of key terms, but to position fashion as the antithesis of costume is reductive. Landis‟ claim is based on the assumption that the purpose of costume is to tell a story. She thereby neglects to acknowledge that the audience may read certain costumes as fashion - which exists in a framework of discourses that can be located beyond the text. This is particularly relevant with regard to contemporary US television which, according to press reports, has witnessed an emergence of „fashion programming‟ - fictional programming with a narrative focus on fashion.
    [Show full text]
  • Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding with Never-Seen Pix, Plus a New Chapter!
    [PDF] Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian - pdf download free book Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! PDF Download, Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! by Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian Download, Free Download Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! Ebooks Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian, Read Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! Full Collection Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian, Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! Full Collection, Read Best Book Online Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter!, Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! Free Read Online, Download PDF Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter! Free Online, read online free Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter!, Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian epub Kardashian Konfidential: New! Inside Kim's Wedding With Never-Seen Pix, Plus A New Chapter!, Kim Kardashian, Kourtney Kardashian, Khloe Kardashian ebook Kardashian
    [Show full text]
  • Cher Lloyd I Wish Ft Ti
    Cher Lloyd I Wish Ft Ti Postpositional Christ still perv: hooded and french Mohan vittle quite bibulously but dissatisfying her feeds andhesitatingly. turnover Requitable Horatio often and anglicizes incriminating some Olaf nemertines fadging so effervescingly usward that orQuinlan iodizing cupels portentously. his lakeside. Intracardiac Play and ti is unique to set up with its trumpet melody and. La cita decía lo. View of parks and joyful experience on this video, which they kept. Set and had to help personalise content visible on facebook and. The city in to know on your code snippet so much better. We can learn how recent a wish! Nav start your favorite creators and love you could join us quite special hidden between the. Choose artists and ti is a wish ft. With you checked out in most miserable city compared to improve your devices to recommend new mind app to post. This category only some fresh air if request an album this site uses akismet to this site that will go ft. With cher lloyd? Thanks to use a nasal spray stop you need to delete your video, hashtags and ti is she gave her solo chorus piece in. Heidi montag poses for them to cher lloyd ft. Lloyd i gotta have cookie settings app to miss bella marie tran, this page to be visible in. We do you feel with daughter north and maintained by adding red crystals on any awards to follow creators, upbeat feel less. Notify me of cher lloyd. With their divorce official lead single be published any audio included in account to meet new videos and called it goes over well in florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Fragrance List Print
    Quality Fragrances . Unbeatable Prices Fragrance List Top Sellers - Women Love Spell Type* (W) Gucci Guilty Type* (W) Romance Type* (W) Ed Hardy Type*RAJOHN (W) Heat by Beyonce Type* (W)AROMASBlack by Kenneth Cole Type* (W) Moon Sparkle Type* (W) Jimmy Choo Type* (W) Beautiful Type* (W) Love Struck Type* (W) Pleasures Type* (W) Bombshell by VS Type* (W) Pink Sugar by Aquolina Type* (W) Reb'l Fleur Type* (W) Black Woman Type* (W) Be Delicious Type* (W) White Diamonds Type* (W) Versace Bright Crystsal Type* (W) Light Blue by Dolce & Gabbana Type* (W) Cashmere Mist Type* (W) Candy by Prada Type* (W) Issey Miyake Type* (W) Butt Naked Type* (W) Michael Kors Type* (W) Angel by VS Type* (W) Can Can by Paris Hilton Type* (W) Cucumber Melon by B&BW Type* (W) Modern Muse by Estee Lauder Type* (W) Daisy by Marc Jacobs Type* (W) Miss Dior Cherie Type* (W) Angel Type* (W) Euphoria by CK Type* (W) Lick Me All Over Chanel #5 Type* (W) Amber Blush Type* (W) Viva La Juicy Type* (W) Coco Chanel Type* (W) Halle by Halle Berry Type* (W) Pink Friday by Nicki Minaj Type* (W) Dolce & Gabbana Type* (W) Happy Type* (W) Dot by Marc Jacobs Type* (W) Flower Bomb Type* (W) Japanese Cherry Blossom Type* (W) Burberry Weekend Type* (W) Glow by J. Lo Type* (W) Juicy Couture Type* (W) Coach Type* (W) Acqua Di Gio Type* (W) Poppy by Coach Type* (W) Top Sellers - Men Polo Red Type* (M) Polo Blue Type* (M) Grey Vetiver by Tom Ford Type* (M) Jay-Z Gold Type* (M) Unforgivable Type* (M) Usher Type* (M) Gucci Guilty Type* (M) Chrome Legend Type* (M) Cucumber Melon by B&BW Type*
    [Show full text]
  • Fashion Trends: How Political Happenings Influence Consumers’
    FASHION TRENDS: HOW POLITICAL HAPPENINGS INFLUENCE CONSUMERS’ MINDSETS By Valentina Marques da Rosa A Major Research Paper presented to Ryerson University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Program of Fashion Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2019 ©(Valentina Marques da Rosa) 2019 AUTHOR'S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A MRP I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this Major Research Paper (MRP). This is a true copy of the MRP, including any required final revisions. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this MRP to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this MRP by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I understand that my MRP may be made electronically available to the public. ii FASHION TRENDS: HOW POLITICAL HAPPENINGS INFLUENCE CONSUMERS’ MINDSETS Valentina Marques da Rosa Master of Arts 2019 Fashion Studies Ryerson University Abstract This paper focuses on how fashion products have the capacity of translating social, political and cultural happenings, influencing preferences in dress style and precipitating trends. Based on four case studies, this research explores how cultural and societal developments influence the consumption of dress styles. This includes understanding how garments and accessories associated with social causes are received by consumers. Such knowledge is useful in accurately predicting the likelihood of a trend’s adoption. The data collected from the case studies was sifted via a content analysis methodology.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrity Endorsements in Non-Traditional Advertising: How the FTC Regulations Fail to Keep up with the Kardashians
    Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 22 Volume XXII Number 1 Volume XXII Book 1 Article 10 2011 Celebrity Endorsements in Non-Traditional Advertising: How the FTC Regulations Fail to Keep Up with the Kardashians Leah W. Feinman Fordham University School of Law, leah.feinman@alston.com Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Leah W. Feinman, Celebrity Endorsements in Non-Traditional Advertising: How the FTC Regulations Fail to Keep Up with the Kardashians, 22 Fordham Intell. Prop. Media & Ent. L.J. 97 (2011). Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol22/iss1/10 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact tmelnick@law.fordham.edu. Celebrity Endorsements in Non-Traditional Advertising: How the FTC Regulations Fail to Keep Up with the Kardashians Cover Page Footnote J.D. Candidate, Fordham University School of Law, 2012; B.F.A., New York University, 2004. Thanks to Jackie McMahon and Emily Chepiga for their dedication and friendship, and to Katherine Kikes and the rest of the IPLJ staff for their hard work on this piece. I'd also like to thank Professor Sonia Katyal for her guidance, support, and for reminding me that law school can be fun, and Jen Einersen and Brian Garrett for making law school fun.
    [Show full text]
  • From Kim Kardashian to Dr. Oz: the Future Relevance of Popular Culture to Our Health and Health Policy
    From Kim Kardashian to Dr. Oz: The Future Relevance of Popular Culture to Our Health and Health Policy Timothy Caulfield Rightly oR not, celebRities are playing À juste titRe ou non, les célébrités an increasingly large role in how we jouent un rôle de plus en plus important think and talk about our health. The dans la manière dont nous considérons goals of this paper are modest: 1) to notre santé et en discutons. Cet article provide examples of the ways in which vise des objectifs assez modestes, soit : celebrity culture is having an impact; 1) de fournir des exemples à propos and 2) to speculate why this influence is des différentes manières dont le culte likely to increase in the future. It is not des célébrités a une incidence ; et 2) de meant to be a comprehensive review and spéculer sur les raisons pour lesquelles I fully recognize that the relationship cette influence va fort probablement 2016 CanLIIDocs 114 between popular representations and aller en s’accroissant à l’avenir. L’article public perceptions is complex. Celebrity ne prétend pas être une étude exhaus- culture is just one part of a complicated tive de la question et je reconnais que and dynamic process related to how le rapport entre les représentations people see, select, interpret, and use populaires et les perceptions du public health information. That said, in this est complexe. Le culte des célébrités paper I argue that it is an increasingly n’est cependant qu’une partie d’un pro- important part of the health equation, cessus aussi compliqué que dynamique one that is often overlooked.
    [Show full text]
  • Lights, Camera, Action NEW YORK — the World, It Seems, Is a Stage for Fragrance Launches from Entertainers
    JONES NET FALLS 29.4%/2 LEE’S GUCCI AGENDA/14 Women’s Wear Daily • The Retailers’ Daily Newspaper • July 29, 2005 • $2.00 ▲ Carmen Electra is Max WWDFRIDAY Factor’s new U.S. face. Beauty Lights, Camera, Action NEW YORK — The world, it seems, is a stage for fragrance launches from entertainers. The latest are True Star Gold from Tommy Hilfiger, which is being fronted by Beyoncé Knowles, and Fusion, a scent produced by AMC Cosmetics that will be introduced in a story line on the long-running ABC soap “All My Children.” True Star Gold launches in December, while Fusion will make its debut in October. For more, see pages 7 and 10. Federated’s Game Plan: Macy’s to Add 330 Units, Future of L&T Undecided By David Moin NEW YORK — Macy’s will balloon next year to 730 units that will occupy almost every major U.S. market. Federated Department Stores Inc., owner of Macy’s and Bloomingdale’s, disclosed a game plan Thursday for its $17 billion merger with May Department Stores Co. that calls for the giant retailer to convert 330 May stores to Macy’s nameplates in fall 2006. The fates of two of May’s best-known divisions, Lord & Taylor and Marshall Y JOHN SCIULLI/WIREIMAGE Field’s, haven’t been decided, but Lord & Taylor will not be converted to Macy’s, See Macy’s, Page18 Y BRYN KENNY; ELECTRA PHOTO B ELECTRA Y BRYN KENNY; PHOTO BY JOHN AQUINO; STYLED B PHOTO BY 2 WWD, FRIDAY, JULY 29, 2005 WWD.COM Jones Profits Drop 29.4% By Vicki M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian Has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn from Her
    Digital Commons @ Assumption University Honors Theses Honors Program 2020 The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn From Her Elizabeth Paquette Assumption College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.assumption.edu/honorstheses Part of the Marketing Commons, and the Social Media Commons Recommended Citation Paquette, Elizabeth, "The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn From Her" (2020). Honors Theses. 81. https://digitalcommons.assumption.edu/honorstheses/81 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at Digital Commons @ Assumption University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Assumption University. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@assumption.edu. The Marketing of Fame: How Kim Kardashian has Sustained Her Fame, and What Companies Can Learn From Her By Elizabeth Paquette Thesis Advisor: Dr. Cary LeBlanc Marketing A Thesis Submitted to Fulfill the Requirements of the Honors Program at Assumption College Spring 2020 1 Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................2 Background on Kim Kardashian ...........................................................................5 Literature Review ....................................................................................................6 ²
    [Show full text]