We Know That Having a Child with a Fever Can Be a Scary Experience
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Medical Terminology Abbreviations Medical Terminology Abbreviations
34 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS The following list contains some of the most common abbreviations found in medical records. Please note that in medical terminology, the capitalization of letters bears significance as to the meaning of certain terms, and is often used to distinguish terms with similar acronyms. @—at A & P—anatomy and physiology ab—abortion abd—abdominal ABG—arterial blood gas a.c.—before meals ac & cl—acetest and clinitest ACLS—advanced cardiac life support AD—right ear ADL—activities of daily living ad lib—as desired adm—admission afeb—afebrile, no fever AFB—acid-fast bacillus AKA—above the knee alb—albumin alt dieb—alternate days (every other day) am—morning AMA—against medical advice amal—amalgam amb—ambulate, walk AMI—acute myocardial infarction amt—amount ANS—automatic nervous system ant—anterior AOx3—alert and oriented to person, time, and place Ap—apical AP—apical pulse approx—approximately aq—aqueous ARDS—acute respiratory distress syndrome AS—left ear ASA—aspirin asap (ASAP)—as soon as possible as tol—as tolerated ATD—admission, transfer, discharge AU—both ears Ax—axillary BE—barium enema bid—twice a day bil, bilateral—both sides BK—below knee BKA—below the knee amputation bl—blood bl wk—blood work BLS—basic life support BM—bowel movement BOW—bag of waters B/P—blood pressure bpm—beats per minute BR—bed rest MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ABBREVIATIONS 35 BRP—bathroom privileges BS—breath sounds BSI—body substance isolation BSO—bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy BUN—blood, urea, nitrogen -
Fever / Sepsis
Fever / Sepsis History Signs and Symptoms Differential · Age · Warm · Infections / Sepsis · Duration of fever · Flushed · Cancer / Tumors / Lymphomas · Severity of fever · Sweaty · Medication or drug reaction · Past medical history · Chills/Rigors · Connective tissue disease · Medications Associated Symptoms · Arthritis · Immunocompromised (transplant, (Helpful to localize source) · Vasculitis HIV, diabetes, cancer) · myalgias, cough, chest pain, · Hyperthyroidism · Environmental exposure headache, dysuria, abdominal pain, · Heat Stroke · Last acetaminophen or ibuprofen mental status changes, rash · Meningitis Adult Contact, Droplet, and Airborne Precautions Temperature Measurement Procedure B / if available Pediatric General Section Protocols IV Procedure IO Procedure I P If indicated If indicated Temperature NO Greater than 100.4 F YES (38 C) If Suspected infection ? B then proceed to Protocol 72A otherwise Proceed to Protocol Exit to 72A Appropriate Protocol Pearls · Recommended Exam: Mental Status, Skin, HEENT, Neck, Heart, Lungs, Abdomen, Back, Extremities, Neuro · Febrile seizures are more likely in children with a history of febrile seizures and with a rapid elevation in temperature. · Patients with a history of liver failure should not receive acetaminophen. · Droplet precautions include standard PPE plus a standard surgical mask for providers who accompany patients in the back of the ambulance and a surgical mask or NRB O2 mask for the patient. This level of precaution should be utilized when influenza, meningitis, mumps, streptococcal pharyngitis, and other illnesses spread via large particle droplets are suspected. A patient with a potentially infectious rash should be treated with droplet precautions. · Airborne precautions include standard PPE plus utilization of a gown, change of gloves after every patient contact, and strict hand washing precautions. This level of precaution is utilized when multi-drug resistant organisms (e.g. -
Post-Typhoid Anhidrosis: a Clinical Curiosity
Post-typhoid anhidrosis 435 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.71.837.435 on 1 July 1995. Downloaded from Post-typhoid anhidrosis: a clinical curiosity V Raveenthiran Summary family physician. Shortly after convalescence A 19-year-old girl developed generalised she felt vague discomfort and later recognised anhidrosis following typhoid fever. Elab- that she was not sweating as before. In the past orate investigations disclosed nothing seven years she never noticed sweating in any abnormal. A skin biopsy revealed the part ofher body. During the summer and after presence of atrophic as well as normal physical exercise she was disabled by an eccrine glands. This appears to be the episodic rise of body temperature (41.4°C was third case of its kind in the English recorded once). Such episodes were associated literature. It is postulated that typhoid with general malaise, headache, palpitations, fever might have damaged the efferent dyspnoea, chest pain, sore throat, dry mouth, pathway of sweating. muscular cramps, dizziness, syncope, inability to concentrate, and leucorrhoea. She attained Keywords: anhidrosis, hypohidrosis, sweat gland, menarche at the age of 12 and her menstrual typhoid fever cycles were normal. Hypothalamic functions such as hunger, thirst, emotions, libido, and sleep were normal. Two years before admission Anhidrosis is defined as the inability of the she had been investigated at another centre. A body to produce and/or deliver sweat to the skin biopsy performed there reported normal skin surface in the presence of an appropriate eccrine sweat glands. stimulus and environment' and has many forms An elaborate physical examination ofgeneral (box 1). -
Dengue Glossary and Acronyms
Dengue Clinical Case Management E-learning Dengue Glossary and Acronyms Merriam-Webster, PubMed Health, and Mosby’s Medical Dictionary were consulted in the compilation of this glossary. Afebrile: not marked by or having a fever Agonal breathing: irregular breathing associated with respiratory failure Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE): occurs when nonneutralizing antiviral antibodies enhance viral entry into host cells. Once inside the white blood cell, the virus replicates undetected, eventually generating very high virus titers which is thought to lead to more severe disease Arthralgia: pain in one or more joints Ascites: abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen—called also hydroperitoneum Asystole: lack of heart beat or electrical activity Atrioventricular: 1: of, relating to, or situated between an atrium and ventricle 2: of, involving, or being the atrioventricular node Auscultation: the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment Bolus: a large amount of a substance such as a drug or fluid given intravenously over a short period of time Bradycardia: slow heart rate Cerebral edema: the accumulation of fluid in, and resultant swelling of, the brain Cholecystitis: inflammation of the gallbladder Colloid: a fluid containing insoluble molecules such as albumin that are incapable of passing through capillary walls, thereby maintaining or increasing osmotic pressure in the blood Cytokines: any of a class -
SLIDE 1 Technical Seminar – Other Causes of Fever
TECHNICAL SEMINAR - OTHER CAUSES OF FEVER SLIDE 1 Technical Seminar – Other Causes of Fever This seminar covers the causes of fever other than malaria. At first glance of the IMCI guidelines, management of fever appears to be restricted to the management of malaria. In reality, the guidelines for managing fever identify most of the common causes of fever. In some countries, other conditions must be considered, but these will be discussed separately. SLIDE 2 & 3 Febrile Illness – Causes Many of the infectious diseases assessed, classified and treated using the IMCI guidelines have fever as a secondary cause. For example, many children with a upper respiratory tract infection, pneumonia or ear infection will have fever. Children with dysentery and diarrhea may also have fever. In these patients, the cause of the fever is treated and fever is not used in decision making. While these conditions all cause fever, the management of the condition itself results in the management of the fever. Hence, no separate guidelines were derived for these conditions. Severe illnesses associated with danger signs are also associated with fever, such as sepsis septicemia and meningitis. The danger signs lead to appropriate referral for the illness. Fever is also associated with malaria, but since there are no other clinical signs that reliably distinguish malaria from other common causes of infection without extensive clinical examination and laboratory testing, the IMCI guidelines concentrate on the management of malaria,. This is discussed in another seminar. SLIDE 4 Febrile Illness – Causes (continued) In other non-obvious causes of fever, the danger signs associated with them would identify a seriously ill child who needs to be referred and managed at the referral facility. -
General • Fever • Chills • Weight Loss • Weight Gain • Night Swea
Review of Systems (circle any symptoms you have) General Dry eyes Awakened by shortness of Fever Sandy, gritty sensation in eyes breath Chills Ears Leg/ankle swelling Weight Loss Hearing loss Color changes in legs/feet Weight Gain Earache Leg cramps with walking Night Sweats Ear pain Heart murmur Fatigue Swollen ear GI/Abdomen Weakness Red ear Abdominal pain Endocrine Floppy ear Heartburn Cold intolerance Ringing in ears Nausea Heat intolerance Drainage from ear Vomiting Excessive thirst Vertigo Difficulty swallowing Excessive urination Nose Diarrhea Excessive sweating Runny nose Constipation Flushing Nasal congestion Blood in stools Skin Nose bleeds Black, sticky stools Rash/purple or red Deformity of nose Mucous in stools spots/pigment change Swelling of nose Jaundice Hair loss Red nose History of food poisoning Sun sensitivity Dry nose Genitourinary/Urology Hives Nose sores Pain/burning with urination Thickening or tightening of Loss of sense of smell Difficulty urinating skin Sinusitis Urinary incontinence Calcium deposits Mouth Cloudy urine Fingers/toes turn colors in the Sores in mouth Blood in urine cold Dry mouth History of STDs Nodules Dental problems Women only Psoriasis Loss of taste Pre-eclampsia or high blood Nail problems Difficulty swallowing pressure during pregnancy Dry skin Bleeding gums History of miscarriage Neurologic Sore throat Vaginal discharge Migraines Hoarseness/change in voice Vaginal ulcers Headaches Allergy Men only Numbness/tingling -
CDC: Sepsis Fact Sheet
SEPSIS FACT SHEET A POTENTIALLY DEADLY OUTCOME FROM AN INFECTION What is sepsis? Sepsis is a complication caused by the body’s overwhelming and life-threatening response to an infection, which can lead to tissue damage, organ failure, and death. When can you get sepsis? Sepsis can occur to anyone, at any time, from any type of infection, and can affect any What should I do if I think I part of the body. It can occur even after a minor infection. have an infection or sepsis? What causes sepsis? • Call your doctor or go Infections can lead to sepsis. An infection occurs when germs enter a person’s body to the emergency room and multiply, causing illness and organ and tissue damage. Certain infections and immediately if you have any germs lead to sepsis most often. Sepsis is often associated with infections of the lungs signs or symptoms of an (e.g., pneumonia), urinary tract (e.g., kidney), skin, and gut. Staphylococcus aureus infection or sepsis. This is a (staph), Escherichia coli (E. coli), and some types of Streptococcus (strep) are common medical emergency. germs that can cause sepsis. • It’s important that you say, Are certain people with an infection more likely to get sepsis? “I AM CONCERNED Anyone can develop sepsis from an infection, especially when not treated properly. ABOUT SEPSIS.” However, sepsis occurs most often in people aged 65 years or older or less than 1 year, have weakened immune systems, or have chronic medical conditions (e.g., diabetes). • If you are continuing to feel worse or not getting better A CDC evaluation found more than 90% of adults and 70% of children who developed in the days after surgery, sepsis had a health condition that may have put them at risk. -
Review of Systems
Warren E. Hill, MD, FACS Neal A. Nirenberg, MD, FACS East Valley Ophthalmology, Ltd. Diplomate, American Board of Ophthalmology Diplomate, American Board of Ophthalmology 5620 E. Broadway Road Diplomate, American Board of Eye Surgery Cataract and Comprehensive Ophthalmology Mesa, Arizona 85206-1438 Cataract and Anterior Segment Surgery Telephone: (480) 981-6111 Facsimile: (480) 985-2426 Jonathan B. Kao, MD Yuri F. McKee, MD Internet www.doctor-hill.com Diplomate, American Board of Ophthalmology Diplomate, American Board of Ophthalmology Cataract, Cornea and External Disease Cataract, Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery Glaucoma Surgery and Management Review of Systems For new patients, established patients who may be having new problems, or patients we have not seen in a while, we need to update your overall medical health. In each area, if you are not having any difficulties please circle No problems. If you are experiencing any of the symptoms listed, please circle the ones that apply, or you may write in ones that may not be listed. If you have any questions, please ask one of our staff. Cardiovascular Ears/Nose/Throat Musculoskeletal Respiratory Chest pain Dizziness Back pain Cough Irregular heartbeat Hearing loss Joint pain Trouble breathing Shortness of breath Hoarseness Muscle aches Wheezing ________________ Ringing in ears Stiffness ________________ Sore throat Swelling ________________ ________________ No problems No problems No problems No problems Constitutional Hematologic Neurologic Skin Fatigue Bleeding Balance problems -
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis in Children and Adolescents Jane Sanders Bellet, MD
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Focal Hyperhidrosis in Children and Adolescents Jane Sanders Bellet, MD Primary focal hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive sweating that occurs in the axillae, palms, soles, and craniofacial region in amounts greater than needed for thermal regula- tion. Although the etiology is unknown, this disorder can cause significant emotional and social distress. The focus of this paper is the diagnosis and treatment of primary focal hyperhidrosis in children and adolescents. Semin Cutan Med Surg 29:121-126 © 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. rimary focal hyperhidrosis is a disorder of excessive study4 reported that a positive family history occurred in Psweating that occurs in the axillae, palms, soles, and 65% of patients. In another study, 58% of those with a pos- craniofacial region in amounts greater than needed for ther- itive family history were parent–child cases, whereas 13% mal regulation. Although the cause is unknown, this condi- had hyperhidrosis occurring in 3 generations.5 These studies tion can cause significant emotional and social distress. Ax- provide evidence for an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheri- illary hyperhidrosis can produce skin maceration and wet tance, which suggests a genetic basis for this condition.4-6 clothing, leading to frequent clothing changes during the day. Palmar hyperhidrosis can interfere with shaking hands when one meets people and also with school work and activ- Pathogenesis ities that require dry hands. Plantar and craniofacial hyper- Sweating helps regulate body temperature by cooling due to hidrosis can cause physical and social discomfort. This dis- the evaporation of sweat from eccrine glands. -
Food Employee Illness Guidelines Illness Symptoms Action Guidance
Food Employee Illness Guidelines Illness Symptoms Action Guidance Conditions Action / Return-to-Work Criteria for Other Information Foodworkers Reinforce good handwashing and no bare-hand Acne itself is not transmitted through food, however some of contact with ready-to-eat foods. the bacteria commonly found in areas of acne can cause Acne foodborne illnesses. Remind foodworkers that they must not touch acne (or other parts of their bare skin) while working with food. If they do so, they must wash their hands immediately. No exclusions or restrictions are required. Bed bugs are not transmitted from person-to-person. They are not like lice and will not usually travel directly on a person’s Bed bugs body. Bed bugs are spread between residences and when they hide and are transported in luggage, furniture, or other items. Food employees experiencing persistent sneezing, When employee returns to work: reinforce good handwashing; coughing, or a runny nose that causes discharge emphasize no bare-hand contact with ready-to-eat foods; and Bronchitis from the eyes, nose, or mouth may not work with discuss employee illness reporting procedure, and the ways ill exposed food; clean equipment, utensils, or linens; or foodworkers can spread illness through food. unwrapped single-service or single-use articles. Exclude food employee from food establishment. Campylobacteriosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Notify local health department or call 1-877-FOOD-ILL. of the genus Campylobacter, and may be transmitted through Campylobacter spp. Record illness on employee illness log. Health food. Most people who become ill with campylobacteriosis get department clearance is required before the diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and fever within two to five (Campylobacteriosis or foodworker may return to work. -
Colds and Coughs in Adults: Managing Viral Infections
FACT SHEET FOR PATIENTS AND FAMILIES Colds and Coughs in Adults: Managing Viral Infections Coughs, runny and stuffy noses, and other cold symptoms can make you miserable — but they usually aren’t serious. Most are caused by viruses, and get better with time and rest. Antibiotics are rarely needed, and may do more harm than good. This handout answers common questions, provides tips to help ease symptoms, and gives advice on when to call the doctor. What can I do? • Learn more about your symptoms, what you can do to feel better, and when to see your doctor. This fact sheet Why won’t my doctor give can help. me antibiotics? • If you have a doctor’s appointment, ask questions: • Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses. Colds and – If your doctor says antibiotics are not needed, most coughs and sore throats are caused by viruses. don’t insist on them. Ask your doctor to explain Antibiotics will NOT cure viruses, and they will NOT why antibiotics won’t help, and what you can try help someone with a viral infection feel better faster. instead. Also see the tips on page 3. • Using antibiotics when they’re not needed can do more harm than good. – Bacteria start to build resistance to antibiotics. – If your doctor does prescribe antibiotics, ask why. This is called antibiotic What type of bacterial infection will they treat? resistance, and is a serious worldwide problem. The more antibiotics are used, the more resistant bacteria become. Common antibiotics may not kill these resistant germs, so more toxic and costly antibiotics are needed. -
Could It Be Early Hiv? Diarrhea Tired Feeling Swollen Glands
SORE THROAT RASHMOUTH SORES TONSILLITIS COULD IT BE EARLY HIV? DIARRHEA TIRED FEELING SWOLLEN GLANDS JOINTFEVER AND MUSCLE ACHES RASH COULD IT BE EARLY HIV? Early/Acute Early HIV is the beginning stage of HIV, right after someone gets the virus. If you were not aware that your partner is living with HIV, you did not realize you were at risk. During early HIV, the virus is reproducing very rapidly and HIV can be easily passed to others through sex or sharing injection equipment. Early HIV is sometimes called acute HIV. Signs and Symptoms of Acute/Early HIV • Sore throat • Swollen glands • Fever • Rash • Joint and muscle aches • Diarrhea • Tired feeling • Tonsillitis • Mouth sores The signs and symptoms of acute HIV can begin 2 to 4 weeks after you are diagnosed as living with HIV. Symptoms can last for just a few days or weeks. In rare cases, they could last for several months. The signs and symptoms of early HIV are similar to the signs and symptoms of other common illnesses like the flu, cold, sore throat or mononucleosis. 1 COULD IT BE EARLY HIV? Is it the flu or Early/Acute HIV? The symptoms of early HIV and the flu are similar but not the same. Flu and Early HIV Symptoms Fever • Fatigue • Muscle aches Headaches • Sore throat • Swollen lymph nodes If you have these symptoms you may have the flu: Flu Symptoms Nasal congestion • Cough • Sneezing If you have these symptoms you may have early/acute HIV: Early HIV Symptoms Rash • Mouth Sores If you are not sure if you have the flu or early HIV, ask yourself the questions below.