Demos and Cosmopolis
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Open PDF in a New
The United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) is an autonomous agency engaging in multi-disciplinary research on the social dimensions of contemporary problems affecting development. Its work is guided by the conviction that, for effective development policies to be formulated, an understanding of the social and political context is crucial. The Institute attempts to provide governments, development agencies, grassroots organizations and scholars with a better understanding of how development policies and processes of economic, social and environmental change affect different social groups. Working through an extensive network of national research centres, UNRISD aims to promote original research and strengthen research capacity in developing countries. Current research programmes include: Business Responsibility for Sustainable Development; Emerging Mass Tourism in the South; Gender, Poverty and Well-Being; Globalization and Citizenship; Grassroots Initiatives and Knowledge Networks for Land Reform in Developing Countries; New Information and Communication Technologies; Public Sector Reform and Crisis-Ridden States; Technical Co-operation and Women’s Lives: Integrating Gender into Development Policy; and Volunteer Action and Local Democracy: A Partnership for a Better Urban Future. Recent research programmes have included: Crisis, Adjustment and Social Change; Culture and Development; Environment, Sustainable Development and Social Change; Ethnic Conflict and Development; Participation and Changes in Property -
Cosmopolitan Democracy: Paths and Agents Daniele Archibugi and David Held
1 Cosmopolitan Democracy: Paths and Agents Daniele Archibugi and David Held Twenty years after When at the end of the Cold War and at the beginning of a new wave of democratization we suggested the idea of a cosmopolitan democracy (Archibugi and Held, 1995; Held, 1995), we were aware that we were pouring old wine into new bottles. The attempt to make world politics more transparent, more accountable, more participatory and more respectful of the rule of law had pioneers spanning from Immanuel Kant to Richard Falk. Still, the idea that ‘democracy’ as a concept and a practice could and should be applied beyond nation states was some- how innovative. If we read the international relations textbooks prior to 1989, we may be surprised to note that many of them do not even contain the word ‘democracy’. When the word appears, it is generally in reference to the internal political system of states and certainly not in relation to the possibility of subjugating world politics to democratic rules. Even international organizations (IOs) were mostly seen as purely inter- governmental bodies and the prospect of making them more democratic was not contemplated. The European Union, the first IO composed exclusively by democratic regimes and with some germs of democratic norms in its modus operandi, was mostly discussed in relation to the lim- its it imposed on its member countries rather than in terms of its ability to deal publicly with transnational issues. The state of the art was not very different in the realm of democratic theory. Most of the textbooks dedicated to democracy, including the first edition of the work of one of us (Held, 1987), did not contain any reference to the problem of democ- racy beyond borders. -
AMERICA Vs CHINA
Perspectives on China—Introduction susan watkins AMERICA vs CHINA scalating tensions between Washington and Beijing do not yet constitute a new cold war. But they signal an impor- tant shift in us policy. From the 1990s—orchestrating China’s entry into the wto, guaranteeing its dollar assets at Ethe peak of the financial crisis—the emphasis had been on cooperation, if backed by military might. Today, Washington is threatening to ramp up a tariff war and instructing nato members to boycott the prc’s market-leading 5G technology. The Department of Justice has staged a spectacular international arraignment of a Chinese tech company’s chief executive for dealing with Iran. The latest us National Security Strategy statement classifies China, alongside Russia, as a ‘revisionist power’. America had hoped that integration into the international order would liberalize China, the nss document explained. Instead, the prc was trying to expand the reach of its ‘state-driven economic model’. It aimed to displace the us from the Western Pacific and reorder the region to suit itself. There was self-criticism, too. As solo superpower after the Cold War, Washington had been too complacent. ‘We assumed that our military superiority was guaranteed and that a democratic peace was inevitable. We believed that liberal-democratic enlargement and inclusion would fundamentally alter the nature of international relations and that competition would give way to peaceful cooperation.’ Instead, a new era of ‘great power competition’ has dawned, involving a systemic clash ‘between free and repressive visions of world order’.1 Though the tougher American stance has broad support across party lines, Wall Street is nervous. -
Daniele Archibugi*§ Andrea Filippetti*°§
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PUblication MAnagement THE GLOBALIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS : FOUR LEARNT LESSONS AND FOUR THESES Daniele Archibugi *§ Andrea Filippetti *°§ *Italian National Research Council – CNR - IRPPS °University ‘La Sapienza’ of Rome – Department of Economics §Birkbeck College – University of London Journal of Global Policy , vol. 1, no. 1, 2010, forthcoming Abstract Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have become ubiquitous in the current debate and have emerged as the key issue of global innovation policy. The ‘Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights’ (TRIPS), signed on 1994 as a founding element of the World Trade Organization, represent the most important attempt to establish a global harmonization of Intellectual Property protection. The aim of this paper is to critically re-examine what has become the common wisdom around IPRs, TRIPS and their effects. We argue that supporters of IPRs in the Western corporations and governments as well as detractors in global movements and developing countries have both over- estimated their importance in the process of generation and diffusion of knowledge and innovation. On the basis of some key learnt lessons on the nature of innovation and technological change, we assess four theses about TRIPS and their impact on the global generation and distribution of knowledge. The policy implications concerning international organizations and technological transfer are finally discussed. 1 THE GLOBALIZATION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS : FOUR LEARNT LESSONS AND FOUR THESES BULLETPOINTS For Summary • Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have emerged as the key issue of global innovation policy: through the ‘Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement’ (TRIPS), there is an attempt to impose worldwide a Western system of IPRs. -
Cosmopolitan Democracy As Global Governance” by Chuck Rosenberg
Note on “Cosmopolitan Democracy as Global Governance” by Chuck Rosenberg One of our study circle participants in New York, who is mother to a very aware 20-something and den-mother to several more, mentioned to them that she was looking deeply into One World and cosmopolitanism and global governance. Their response was, “Oh, great. The Davos crowd will run the world.” And of course that is a key objection, or at least grounds for skepticism, from many quarters…fear of an all-powerful supranational entity that will be in charge of everything, “for everyone’s good”. It need not be that way, but the shape of democratic global governance remains vague…how would full participation be attained? Would the ultimate solution supplant or augment existing instruments such as states or intergovernmental bodies? How do we get from where we are, with powerful nation-states dominating global decision-making and controlling the lion’s share of the world’s resources, to a peaceful, sustainable, and just future that puts the needs of all of the world’s citizens first? There are a group of thinkers who are working through this very problem—they include, notably but not only, Mary Kaldor, David Held, Richard Falk, and Daniele Archibugi. Of these, Archibugi is perhaps first among peers in developing the kind of analysis and advocating for the kind of incremental but substantive actions that would move us along the path toward a genuinely democratic system of global governance. Daniele Archibugi (Rome, 1958), an Italian social scientist, works on the economics and policy of technological change and on the political theory of international relations. -
Democracy and Globality 23 Studies of Transition States and Societies
22 S TSS Vol 2 / Issue 1 Democracy and Globality 23 Studies of Transition States and Societies Democracy and Globality Roland Axtmann* Abstract In this article, I consider the connection between globalisation and democracy with respect of (1) the historical ‘waves’ of democratisation and the (global) spread of ‘democratic’ system of political rule, and (2) the debate on a reformulation of democratic rule ‘in the age of globalisation’, and the concerns with global civil society, global governance and ‘cosmopolitan democracy’ in particular. Linking these two parts are considerations of the question as to whether a universal entitlement to democratic governance is emerging as a right in international law. Keywords: globalisation, democratic governance, cosmopolitan democracy, democratisation. The Globalisation of Democracy A global process of democratisation? In historical analysis and political science, the spread of the institutions of liberal-parliamentary democracy has occasionally been presented by using the metaphor of ‘waves’. Following Robert Dahl (1989), one could see the formation of democracy in the Greek polis in the first half of the 5th century BC as the first time when the idea that a substantial number of free, adult males should be entitled as citizens to participate directly in governing the polis was formulated and institutionalised. Underlying this notion of democracy was the assumption that, in order for democratic rule to uphold the common good, the citizen body had to be highly homogeneous as high levels of economic inequality, of religious, cultural or racial diversity would tend to produce political conflict and disagreements over the common good. The second transformation occurred once the notion of democracy and its institutionalisation could no longer be contained within the city-state and had to be reconceptualised and redesigned for geographically larger territories. -
Modernities in Struggle: Economies, Polities, Cultures
MODERNITIES IN STRUGGLE: ECONOMIES, POLITIES, CULTURES Anth 897-53 (Escobar); Comm 754 (Grossberg); Geog 804-2 (Pickles) Fall 2008 Tuesdays 5-7:50 PM, GEC 1005 Course description This class will address the questions of how one might revisit ways of thinking about economic realities and relations in the contemporary world by focusing on questions of “economies” and “globalizations” from the perspective of “modernities.” Yet the argument of the class is that such matters (economies and globalizations) cannot be understood in isolation, either from the systems of relations in which they are constituted and operate, or from the broader ethical, cultural and political concerns of the contemporary context. These challenges become all the greater when one consider the growing assumption, common among many scholars and researchers, that we are in a highly transitional moment in terms of both institutional and everyday lives. The challenge is, as Stuart Hall put it, to find ways “to interpret how a society is changing in ways that are not amenable to the immediate political language.” Similarly Boaventura de Sousa Santos –an architect of the World Social Forum movement—suggests that, on a planetary scale, “we are facing modern problems for which there are no modern solutions”. Disciplinary knowledge is, to a large extent, predicated on the “modern” fragmentation of the social formation into relatively autonomous and often fetishized spheres, such as economy, politics, culture, and nature and largely overlooking or oversimplifying the intricate -
Mary Kaldor Publications List.Pdf
PUBLICATIONS: BOOKS The Arms Trade with the Third World, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Almqvist and Wicksell, Stockholm, and Humanities Press, New York, 1971 (principal co-author) 910pp The Disintegrating West, Allen Lane/ Penguin Books, London, and Hill and Wang, New York, 1978, 218pp (also published in Spanish) A Short Research Guide to Arms and Armed Forces, Croom Helm, London 1978 (co- author), 112pp The Baroque Arsenal, André Deutsch and Fontana, London, and Hill and Wang, New York, 1981 (also published in German and Japanese) 294pp Más Allá de Los Bloques, Editions Fontamara, Madrid, 1986 (collection of essays) 134pp The Imaginary War: Understanding the East-West Conflict, Basil Blackwell, 1990 (also published in German) 290pp New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era, Polity Press/Stanford University Press, 1999 ( translated into eleven languages) 192pp Global Civil Society: An Answer to War, Polity Press, 2003 New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (second edition), Polity Press, 2006 Human Security: Essays on Globalisation and Intervention Polity Press, September 2007 The Ultimate Weapon Is No Weapon - Human Security And The New Rules Of War And Peace, co--author, PublicAffairs, 2010 New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era (third edition), Polity Press, 2012 EDITED BOOKS: The World Military Order: The Impact of Military Technology on the Third World, (co-editor and contributor), reprinted 1981, Macmillan, London 1979, 306pp Disarming Europe, (co-editor and contributor), Merlin Press, 1982, 196pp Dealignment: A New Foreign Policy Prespective, (co-editor and contributor), Basil Blackwell, 1987, 265pp The New Détente: Rethinking East-West Relations, (co-editor and contributor), Verso, 1989, 420pp Europe from Below, Verso, 1991, 221pp. -
Mpifg Working Paper 97/5, David Held: Democracy and Globalization
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Held, David Working Paper Democracy and globalization MPIfG Working Paper, No. 97/5 Provided in Cooperation with: Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies (MPIfG), Cologne Suggested Citation: Held, David (1997) : Democracy and globalization, MPIfG Working Paper, No. 97/5, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne, http://www.mpifg.de/pu/workpap/wp97-5/wp97-5.html This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/41649 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu MPIfG Working Paper 97/5, May 1997 Democracy and Globalization[1] by David Held MPIfG Lecture Series Economic Globalization and National Democracy, lecture given on March 20, 1997 David Held is a professor of politics and sociology at the Faculty of Social Science at the Open University in Milton Keynes, UK, and director of Polity Press in Cambridge. -
Crisis in the Heartland
peter gowan Editorial CRISIS IN THE HEARTLAND Consequences of the New Wall Street System he long credit crunch that began in the Atlantic world in August 2007 is strange in its extraordinary scope and intensity. Mainstream discourse, referring to a ‘sub-prime’ crisis, implies that the credit crunch has been caused, rather Tthan triggered, by a bubble in the real economy. This is at best naïve: after all, the bursting of an equally large bubble in the Spanish housing market led to no such blow-out in the domestic banking system.1 The notion that falling house prices could shut down half of all lending in the us economy within a matter of months—and not just mortgages, but car loans, credit-card receivables, commercial paper, commercial property and corporate debt—makes no sense. In quantitative terms this amounted to a credit shrinkage of about $24 trillion dollars, nearly double us gdp.2 Erstwhile lenders were soon running not just from sub- prime securities but from the supposedly safest debt of all, the ‘super senior’ category, whose price by the end of 2007 was a tenth of what it had been just a year before.3 An understanding of the credit crunch requires us to transcend the commonsense idea that changes in the so-called real economy drive outcomes in a supposed financial superstructure. Making this ‘epistemo- logical break’ is not easy. One reason why so few economists saw a crisis coming, or failed to grasp its scale even after it had hit, was that their models had assumed both that financial systems ‘work’, in the sense of efficiently -
American Power: from 'Compellance' to Cosmopolitanism?
American power: from ‘compellance’ to cosmopolitanism? MARY KALDOR ‘American democracy requires the repression of democracy in the rest of the world.’ So spoke an Asian human rights activist in a democracy seminar in Krakow. I pondered this sentence when I read it in an op-ed article last summer.1 On the face of it, it seemed so paradoxical. After all, America is the ‘Crusader State’—a state based on an idea rather than a national identity: and that idea is democracy. Moreover, it is a state committed not only to preserving the idea within America but to extending it across the rest of the world.2 And yet, when I thought about it, the sentence did express what appears to the rest of the world to be the introverted nature of current American foreign policy. Seen from the outside, the ‘war on terrorism’ seems to be less about defeating terrorism than º about staging a performance to meet the requirements of American democracy. What matters is the appearance, the spectacle, not what happens on the ground—except in so far as what happens on the ground seeps through into the performance. In all the discussions, especially in Europe, about the new American empire, this aspect seems to be missing—the difference between appearance and reality, the mimetic character of American foreign policy. When Robert Kagan talks about American power and European weakness, or when the former French foreign minister Hubert Védrine refers to hyperpuissance, they assume that billions of dollars spent on defence, or numbers of weapons or men under arms, can be translated into power.3 Power means the ability to influence others, to control events elsewhere, to impose our will on others: what Thomas Schelling called ‘compellance’.4 But, in practice, American power is much less effective than is generally assumed, at least on its own. -
The New International Financial Architecture: Imposed Leadership and ‘Emerging Markets’
THE NEW INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL ARCHITECTURE: IMPOSED LEADERSHIP AND ‘EMERGING MARKETS’ S USANNE S OEDERBERG he Asian bust of 1997 caught the international financial community by Tsurprise. It also opened the floodgates to a torrent of criticism about the ability of financial liberalization to create sustained prosperity. The United States government launched an impassioned defence of capital mobility by blaming the ‘emerging markets’. In the larger framework of the G7 (Group of Seven) the US sought to strengthen the existing rules of the game through the creation of the so-called New International Financial Architecture (NIFA) at the Cologne summit in 1999. The chief significance of the NIFA lies in its attempt to incor- porate what are called ‘systematically important’ emerging market economies into a carefully-structured international policy-making environment, so as to ensure that they adopt the rules and standards of the West, by integrating these coun- tries more closely with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Yet securing their compliance is not entirely easy, given the waning level of public support for the neoliberal project in the wake of ever-widening income inequality and increased poverty rates.1 The political and social effects of the vicious cycle of crisis and bailout over the past two decades have made the prin- ciple of free capital mobility more difficult to sustain and caused a crisis of legitimation among those who pay the costs whenever short-term debt falls due and asset price bubbles implode. The production by the IMF and World Bank of numerous ‘second generation’ policies aimed at addressing issues of social justice and anti-poverty may be viewed as an attempt to address the waning legit- imacy of the existing neoliberal agenda, and more fundamentally, of American 176 SOCIALIST REGISTER 2002 interference in other countries’ politics and economies.