Kathmandu l 16-22 July, 2007 l # 25 l Price Rs. 25 l www.newsfront.com.np UN faces hostile Maoists Prachanda, accompanied by his comrade in arms Baburam Bhattarai, conveyed his message to the PM on Thursday at his Baluwatar residence. He said what the UN was aiming at was demobilisation and disarmament of the combatants, which was, “not acceptable to us.” CongratulationsCongratulations to all the SLC Graduates. We wish you a brighter & successful Academic future. newsfront Prachandra and Baburam Bhattarai visited PM on Thrusday. Verification of arms and combatants stalled. ä nf correspondent accused the United Nations of conspiring to disintegrate the People’s Maoist Chief Prachanda has objected Liberation Army, something not at all to the way the United Nation’s special acceptable to the Maoists. office headed by Ian Martin had been The stand off has posed the biggest carrying on the verification process in ever threat to the UN process as the Maoist cantonments. His advice to verification now remains stalled for Prime Minister Koirala was to stop the more than two weeks. Prachanda’s verification and go for the integration assertion for giving up the verification of the Maoist combatants in the Nepal process follows the Maoist Chief’s Army straightaway. statement in Switzerland that the Prachanda, accompanied by his Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) need ADMISSION OPEN comrade in arms Baburam Bhattarai, not wait for their reintegration through conveyed his message to the PM on the usual process of demobilisation Thursday at his Baluwatar residence. and disarmament. Management He said what the UN was aiming at Prachanda’s meeting with Koirala PLUSPLUS 2 2 was demobilisation and disarmament had followed his detailed discussions & Science of the combatants, which was, “not with UNMIN Chief, Ian Martin, who Eligibility: SLC or equivalent in First Division acceptable to us.” His alternative the Maoist sources say, was overruled suggestion was to go for security by the Maoist chief when Martin WHY PRIME? sector reform right away, ignoring the insisted that both sides of the conflict Consistently Better Academic Results United Nations if necessary. should honour the mandate they gave Advance Teaching Methodology Responding to Koirala’s query, in writing to UN. Strong IT Infrastructure & Support Prachanda tried to clarify that the first After registration of the arms and Superior Facilities step was the integration of the Maoist combatants, verification was the next Superior Faculties 2 combatants in the Nepal Army, logical step. The Maoists seemed to be Personality Development Programs something Koirala felt was not irked by UNMIN’s disqualification of Outstanding Extra Curricular Activities Also and many more... BIM BBA practical. Prachanda’s tough stance hundreds of cantonment inmates, which Offers + BBS with Koirala on Thursday was echoed triggered fears that the fate of other by another senior Maoist leader, combatants in other camps and sub- Prime International Higher Secondary School Prabhakar, on Saturday when he camps would also not be very different. (A Division of Prime College) G.P.O. Box: 9809, Naya Bazar, Khusibu, Kathmandu Phone: 4360180, 4360182, Fax: 4362480 Inside E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Do not encourage Website: www.prime.edu.np Nepali secessionists, PM tells India - page 2

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ä nf correspondent Earlier, Koirala is also believed to have raised the issue of various Terai groups having met in Patna in presence of some Prime Minister G P Koirala has lodged a feeble, on camera, Indian officials in which a plan to have Terai as a separate complaint about Indian territory being used by some of the country was discussed. Nepali ‘terrorist’ groups. He lodged this protest when Shyam “I am sure the issue or the fate of monarchy might have Sharan, former Foreign Secretary, made an unscheduled visit been discussed as well, but your guess is as good as mine,” a to Kathmandu and called on Koirala last week. cabinet minister who was not willing to be identified told According to the sources, Koirala gave detailed information newsfront. about the activities of the Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha Sharan was the architect of the 12-point agreement in Delhi (JTMM) leaders which was aimed at disintegrating Nepal. that brought the Maoists and the seven party alliance together Sharan was categorical in his assurance that India would not in favour of ‘peace, democracy and prosperity.’ Sources said allow its territory to be used against Nepal. He also went a step Shyam Sharan pledged that India would act sternly against forward to pledge all assistance at its disposal to ensure that such activities of the Terai groups, but asked the PM not to elections to the Constituent Assembly takes place on Novem- delay settling what the people from Terai are demanding. And ber 22 as decided by the government of Nepal. his emphasis was not to postpone elections at any cost. The Although Indian Embassy played down the significance of ultimatum issued to two Terai groups by Home Minister K P Sharan’s visit, Koirala shared a bit of what transpired during his Sitaula, a man trusted by India despite his poor performance, is meeting with Sharan when he met Maoist leader Prachanda being linked with the assurance Shyam Sharan gave to Koirala and UML General Secretary Madhav Nepal. that India had no love lost for Goit or Jwala Singh. Shyam Sharan Koirala is believed to have got copies of Tehelka.com, a Sharan was last here accompanying Dr Karan Singh, a Pix by newsfront weekly tabloid published from Delhi as evidence about the special envoy of Prime Minister Man Mohan Singh, in an effort down by the seven political parties, saying nothing short of presence of JTMM leaders in Indian territory and their directing to bring about conciliation between the king and the seven revival of the parliament and the people as the sole source of activities against Nepal. JTMM-Goit leader Jaikishan Goit, in his political parties when the people’s movement was at its peak. sovereignty would satisfy them. The movement was called off interview to Tehelka had said that Terai was a separate Indian proposal that the parties accept the king’s offer of the after the king conceded to these demands through a second country, independent of Nepal and India. political parties forming their government was however turned proclamation. News 16-22 July, 2007 3

Newsbrief

renewing the pledge. On July14, he served an ultimatum Madhesh’; Maoists were keen to have him in the cabinet as Moriarty’s departure through media representatives in parliament to extremist Terai their minister. Singh however, turned down both offers stating groups that said, ‘come to the negotiating table within two he was opposed to Nepal’s disintegration and both groups All throughout his tenure, he spoke on weeks, or face the fury of the State.’ Sitaula said the govern- should publicly affirm to ‘nation’s integrity.’ behalf of the United States government. ment would dispatch security forces to deal with the extremists But he slightly deviated from that if they did not heed his appeal. He named Janatantrik Terai practice the day he left Nepal after Maoist minister’s Mukti Morcha, Goit and Jwala Singh groups as the ones facing completing his 3-year tenure as US State’s wrath if they did not come forward for the dialogue. Ambassador to Nepal. In personal simplicity He however, did not clarify if the government was contem- capacity, James F Moriarty suggested plating dispatching Nepal Army or the Armed Police Force in Matrika Yadav has proved time that King Gyanendra should take up some dramatic steps to Terai. His warning comes almost two weeks after Prime and again that he is a minister save the institution of monarchy, even though it might have Minister G P Koirala had asked Chief of the Army Staff, Gen with a difference. The latest been already late. Rukmangad Katawal, to keep the army on standby to meet any proof came when he traveled to He did not suggest who King Gyanendra should be eventuality in Terai. Bangkok for medical treatment abdicating in favour of. But that was a clear endorsement of Minister in charge of Peace and Reconstruction , Ram with his wife. Although entitled to what G P Koirala had stated a few months ago; first in Chandra Poudel who has been assigned to talk to the Terai travel business class at Biratnagar, then in Delhi and later in Kathmandu when groups has not been able to take the dialogue to a positive government expense, Yadav speaking with Pakistani journalists. But Koirala was in favour of direction so far. insisted that he would travel only in economy class. Requests Prince Hridayendra, King Gyanendra’s grandson, ascending from Thai Airlines and his officials were in vain. the throne. What Yadav did was in contrast to the luxury his leaders, Moriarty however said that the official position on behalf of P M approaches Prachanda and Baburam Bhattarai, availed of during their the US President and the US government was unchanged; and recent travels to Norway and Switzerland. According to a that it is for the people of Nepal to decide whether they want Ramraja Maoist source, Yadav who continues to live a simple life had monarchy or a republican set-up. His position on the Maoists Prime Minister G P Koirala has protested against the Mercedes Benz car being given to him as remained totally unchanged. He maintained that they were approached veteran Terai leader, a minister. But he used that in absence of an alternative terrorists and only their conduct should be taken as proof their Ramraja Prasad Singh to work for arrangement by the government. changed behavior. Moriarty is likely to be taking up his new peace in Terai. Prime Minister’s nephew assignment in Bangladesh as its ambassador. and political aide, Dr Shekhar Koirala, India’s new met Singh at his residence in Sitaula’s new deadline Baneshwar on Thursday with a ambassador? Home Minister K P Sitaula is known for message that he should work for peace and settlement in Terai. Rakesh Sood is likely to be tipped as India’s new ambassador making promises and not fulfilling it. His Singh has come into prominence after both Maoists and to Nepal. Currently posted in Kabul, Sood is expected to repeated promises in and outside the parliament to improve the law and order non-Maoist groups approached him separately to lead them. replace Shiv Shankar Mukherjee by next month, according to While Madheshi Janadhikar Forum and various factions of the information available from Delhi. Ambassador Mukherjee who is situation, and his inability to show any Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha approached him in Patna few due to retire in January visited Delhi earlier this week appar- result is just one example. But that did not deter him from months ago to be the first president of an ‘Independent ently to have his next posting finalised. Redeeming honour A senior judicial officer protests and quits China Jaya Prakash Man Singh Maskey, a resignation special class judicial officer, created a should come into history by resigning as member effect the day secretary of the Administrative Court, Dahal who was all after a junior official superseded him earlier a registrar as its chief. in the Supreme Maskey who still had more than Court joined the office. four years to go in the service put in A law ministry official said the his papers a month ago after the decision to supersede Maskey was over Koirala government appointed not some thing that originated from Kashiraj Dahal as chief of the court. the ministry. That was a decision ä nf correspondent “I did what my conscience asked me imposed from the top, he said, Gopal Bhattarai to do,” Maskey said in his brief making it clear that it was the PM China, Nepal’s northern neighbour, response to newsfront query. himself who was responsible for this. is not only trying to be visible seat limit for air passengers. Once taken under their management the Official sources said Maskey shot This brings to an end a career which politically and diplomatically in this revision is formalised, additional Thamel based Manang Hotel out a letter as soon as Dahal’s began as a section officer in the ministry Nepal, but has also stepped up its air services between China and besides hiring two floors in Ganjong appointment came through on June some 28 years ago. In his impressive interests in business and tourism Nepal will be a reality in near Hotel in Lazimpat. 15. “I cannot work under someone career graph, Maskey served as joint sector here. future, official sources said. “We believe they have signed at who has been my junior all through,” secretary in the judicial council for five The government, in order to China which had declared Nepal least four other contracts,” an he wrote to the law minister and years, last two years as its active encourage more Chinese tourists as one of the nine most preferred official in the tourism department forwarded a copy to the PM last secretary. Dahal had worked under him and entrepreneurs from China, is tourist destinations about three said. Some Chinese entrepreneurs month. He also requested that his there, and earlier in the ministry as well. making preparations to review the years ago, however, had not shown have also shown interest in starting Air Service Agreement with China the kind of interest it is showing hotels in Lumbini and other sites Direct to Colombo and do away with the 367 per week now. Chinese entrepreneurs have outside the capital, sources said. Nepal and Sri Lanka are close to finalising some deals to promote tourism in both countries. The move comes in the wake of assessments from both sides that pilgrim tourism has a lot of potential to link the world with Buddhist heritage ‘UMLising’ tourism board here. Besides reviewing the existing Air Service Agreement (ASA), the government of Nepal is also likely to permit Sri Lankan entrepreneurs to set up Selection board chief quits in protest big hotels in Lumbini and other places of their choice. According to the information available, Air Sri Lanka might start a direct flight Prakash Shrestha, head of the three-member jury to are five candidates in the race including the acting CEO, to Nepal beginning October 8, the first ever direct air link between the moun- select new Chief Executive Officer (CEO) for Nepal Subhash Niraula. tains and the island nation. The importance of tourism sector promotion for Tourism Board (NTB) has resigned in protest against a According to NTB sources, Shrestha was keen to let a mutual benefits is visible now as there is a possibility of the president himself minister’s interference in the process. fair trial proceed so that one of the three candidates making an official trip to Nepal in the inaugural flight. Shrestha resigned in the midst of the selection process including Gurung could be selected on merit without any An estimated 30,000 to 40,000 Sri Lankan tourists visit Nepal every year with only after Tourism Minister, Prithvi Subba Gurung insisted that political interference. But he quit after the minister wanted little above two percent traveling by air. Most of those tourists are pilgrim tourists who Juddha Gurung , a UML leader, should be appointed as a commitment from Shrestha that his nominee would visit Lumbini along with other sites associated with Buddhist religion in India. the new CEO. Juddha Gurung, a conservation expert, had ultimately be selected. The post of CEO has been lying D P Bhattarai, Nepal’s ambassador to Sri Lanka is in Kathmandu, to contested elections to the parliament unsuccessfully on vacant for some months now after Tek Bahadur Dangi’s formalise the ASA review and facilitate the visit of the president. UML ticket and now remains a full time politician. There tenure ended last year. 4 16-22 July, 2007 Editorial

Editor & Publisher : Yubaraj Ghimire Executive Editor : Sushma Amatya News Coordinator : Manoj Dahal Design: Sunil Khadgi, Kishor Raj Panta & Ramkrishna Rana Address : PO Box: 8830, Lazimpat, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel : 4443888, Fax : 4421147 (Edt.), 4411912 (Mkt.) Email: [email protected], [email protected] (Mkt.) Printed by: Express Color Press, Buddhanagar, Tel.: 4781810, Distribution: Kasthamandap, Tel.: 2010821 Point to Ponder In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act. - George Orwell Costly indifference The country is confronted with the gravest ever crisis with a couple of violent outfits demanding separate states carved out of Nepal. These demands, clearly favouring secessionism, are something 25 million people are opposed to. And the fact that they are being raised by individuals either from the Indian soil, or purely as propaganda without any backing from the people shows a lack of seriousness. But this is something the government of the day Letters can ignore only at a heavy cost. Total absence of governance, many occasions that the people sum- collapse of the law and order situation and authority of the State, Spiritual corner moned by the commission should at least highly centralised power structure and political apathy towards all Thanks to newsfront team which has be given a fair chance to respond. Justice these issues will take a heavy toll on the integration of the country. given a new experience of English Raymajhi always said ‘we must do it’, but The end of more than a decade-long armed conflict was a weekly newspaper in the country since he always seemed to be in hurry to welcome event in Nepal’s politics but it also came with certain the past six months. It always has raised finalise the report, cutting short the vitally danger signals. If the present and future governments are not different political, social and cultural necessary procedure that any commis- effective and responsive enough towards genuine issues of rights, issues and presented them in quality sion of inquiry must follow. representations and inclusiveness in power structures, no one can language and presentation. In some cases, civil and police officials stop the use of violence in politics from increasing in days to come; The regular column ‘Spiritual corner’ is who were not summoned by the when people will take up arms at a slightest provocation or without effective though small in size. I read the commission, were implicated clearly on any provocation. column regularly. Keep it up! the basis of recommendation of each The demand for separate Madhesh by a couple of Terai groups Bikas Dahal member of the commission, as per the or their leaders and the mushrooming growth of armed outfits, Shankardev Campus, Kathmandu briefing they got from their political already around a dozen now, shows that the government is not at masters. The report is a hoax. all effective, and is very unclear about how it wants to go about Dual standards But I am quite surprised why different empowering people from all regions. The government also needs Newsfront did a wonderful job party leaders without even trying to to take urgent steps towards building a national consensus about exposing Prime Minister G P Koirala’s ascertain how sincerely and honestly the defeating such fissiparous and secessionist tendencies. Absence dual role in the Rashtra Bank Governor Raymajhi commission functioned, are of such an initiative will also trigger an ugly political competition in case. On one hand, Koirala seems to have given a green demanding the report should be made public and implemented. which every group, individual or party, visible or invisible, may signal to try Governor Bhattarai on the basis of the Krishna If at all G P Koirala government is sincere, he should form embark on radical demands advocating disintegration of the Jung Rayamajhi Commission report. But on the other, he another committee, like the one he did on the Royal commis- country. saved him from going to the jail (or police custody in Singha sion on corruption, to investigate if the Rayamajhi commission A large share of the blame for the present day situation should Durbar) as mentioned in the report. Which one is your real indulged in corruption, political deal and abuse of the also go the Maoists for what they demanded as rebels yesterday. face, Mr. Prime Minister? You can not fool the country and its responsibility entrusted by the state. They demanded autonomous provinces based on ethnicity with citizens all the time by maintaining these dual standards. Ganesh Thapa the right to self-determination which in principle meant supporting Amod Kumar Gongabu, Kathmandu secession. It is time that they make their position clear about it Trichandra campus, Kathmandu since most of the clandestine groups; now demanding separate India knows Madhesh have been associated with the Maoists, and took up that Rayamajhi commission This refers to Janatantrik Terai Mukti Morcha (Goit) Chief doctrine as the source of legitimacy for Nepal’s disintegration. The G P Koirala government has almost been following the With Maoists already a major partner in the government, it is the Jaikrishna Goit demanding a separate nation carved out of King’s style, in a more sophisticated form, in persecution of Nepal’s territory. The story suggests that Goit gave the responsibility of Prime Minister G P Koirala to assure the nation political rivals. I want to commend newsfront for highlighting that all the partners in the government are opposed to dismem- interview to Tehelka magazine from India. this, especially the manner in which Rayamajhi Commission India always insists, and rightly so, that Nepali territory should bering the country, the least that should be expected of any was used for the purpose. government. The PM should also call an urgent meeting of the 13 not be used against India. Has the government of Nepal taken Justice Rayamajhi did not allow fair and detailed investiga- up the issue with Indian authorities about Indian territory being parties in parliament and if necessary those from outside the tion of the people allegedly involved in suppressing the parliament also, to forge a national consensus that they are one used for such a dangerous conspiracy against Nepal? Goit’s people’s movement. In fact, as all the members of the story, the one on Ramraja Prasad Singh in the same issue of on Nepal’s sovereignty and integrity and that these issues are not commission belonged to one or the other political party, each negotiable at any cost. This would get a much wider mandate and newsfront, makes it obvious that disintegrate Nepal campaign is of them had a brief from their ‘political boss’ about whom to taking place in India in the knowledge of Indian authorities. endorsement of the government act in dealing with such forces in frame. At least one member of the commission, who had a any manner necessary. Anuj Khanal pro-Congress background, kept telling Justice Raymajhi on Sitapaila, Kathmandu

Spiritual Corner Faith, devotion and wisdom. Become divine assimilate his studies earned him respect of his Thou art Grant us inner spiritual strength Swami Sivananda, one of the greatest professors who invited him to attend surgeries omnipotent, To resist temptations and to control the Yoga masters of the 20th century, is the while still in his first year of medical school. omnipresent, mind. inspiration behind the Sivananda Yoga Swami Sivananda became one of the most omniscient; Free us from egoism, lust, greed and Vedanta Centers. Born in 1887 in prolific Yoga teachers. Although he rarely left Thou are hatred, Pattamadai, Tamil Nadu, South India, the little town of Rishikesh, his teachings Satchidananda, Fill our hearts with divine virtues. Swami Sivananda whose name was then spread far and wide. He wrote by hand more truth, Kuppuswami, was a brilliant boy naturally than 200 books on Yoga and philosophy. His knowledge Let us behold thee in all these names and inclined toward spiritual and religious teachings are summarised in these 6 words: and bliss; forms, practices. “Serve, Love, Give, Purify, Meditate, Realise.” Thou art the Let us serve thee in all these names and His parents were very devoted to Lord Siva Sivananda’s poems: indweller of all forms, and Kuppuswami was eager to join them twice beings. Let us ever remember thee, daily for worship. His natural selfless spirit led Universal Prayer Let us ever sing thy glories, him to a career in the medical field. His O adorable Lord of mercy and love, Grant us an understanding heart, Let thy name be ever on our lips, amazing eagerness and ability to learn and Salutations and prostrations unto thee. Equal vision, balanced mind, Let us abide in thee for ever and ever. Debating Development 16-22 July 2007 5 Bhaswor Ojha Utility of military force The new the resurgence of the old insurgency is still a possibility. paradigm of war is based upon Threats to national security are diverse, conceptual space for diplomacy, economic missions to new professionalism. In terms of the concepts of complex, intense and lethal. Of these threats, incentives and political pressures to enforce a serving the people during peacetime, the NA internal conflict, ‘the war within’ impacts the most desired political outcome. The Nepali people must be capable and equipped to conduct civic continuous on the integrity and unity of a nation. Internal mandated the Seven Party Alliance to impel the actions, civil affairs, rescue and relief operations criss-crossing threats are represented by an explosive Maoists to strictly extirpate the use of violence, during disasters and national development combination of political, social, economic, join the political mainstream and provide good programmes. between psychological elements combined with violence. governance to facilitate the conduct of constitu- Downsizing the NA and integrating politically confrontation Threats to core national values and interests of ent assembly elections. indoctrinated People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and conflict. a state justify and legitimise the use of military The division over ethnicity, community, class, into the NA are theoretical steps but should not force, an essential component to any geopolitical caste, gender, religion and languages are be considered redundant. The Maoists may see Today the entity. However, the ability to act and react in a indelible. Inequity in representation and victory as theirs and want to dictate their terms opponents are timely and effective manner hinges as much on opportunities indicate acute lack of inclusiveness. of surrender, but their entry into the parliament credibility of the leadership group in power, as it The aspirations created by a much hyped is due to the liberal and accommodative stance mostly non-state does on the general state of operational federal system of governance have opened a of the seven party alliance. The illegal YCL readiness. Pandora’s Box, which if not handled properly, activities and adamancy displayed by the PLA In the modern era, the responsibility of may incite sub-nationalism. towards the process of UN verification are clear formulating the national security policy and its The proliferation of small arms and explosives indicators that the resurgence of the old implementation is upheld completely by the due to the Maoist insurgency and the open insurgency is still a possibility. civilian authority guided through its elected border, the proximity of numerous insurgencies The sanctity of the NA must be maintained. representatives. Strong democratic civilian in the adjoining Indian states, the establishment An appropriate security organisation must be control must identify itself with two dimensions: of the precedent that the use of violence delivers created and commanded by officers to institutionalised oversight of all military activities recognition and a short cut to power, as well as accommodate eligible PLA combatants. The without politicisation and promotion of profes- the presence of additional vindictive armed organisation must remain under the jurisdiction sionalism. The prime reason for civilian control splinter groups have debilitated the rule of law. of the military law but the role, mission and of the military is to retain the de jure authority to The propensity of the human rights activists to capabilities must be secondary. The members of maintain control over the de facto power ‘regret’ rather than to ‘condemn’ the intentional the PLA must fulfill the physical, educational, afforded by weaponry and military competence. Maoist atrocities elucidate their indirect support, medical requisites and successfully graduate Military power in its deterrent and employment be it due to fear of retaliation or an attempt in from the intensive basic training. All political dimensions is a significant security asset. Military exoneration. Threat perceptions emanate from affiliations and beliefs must be surrendered. power is a relationship comprising of means – internal vulnerabilities that remain neglected and Human rights violators and those involved in men and material, methods and the will that unaddressed. Neutralisation of certain threats criminal activities must be banned from sustain them in adversity. may require the application of legitimate enlistment. Lastly, the violators of the existing The new paradigm of war is based upon the coercive force including the military. law, regulations and rules should be prosecuted concepts of continuous criss-crossing between The Nepal Army (NA) maintains a history without impunity. confrontation and conflict. Today the opponents identified with the unification process of Nepal. Realisation must dawn upon the people that are mostly non-state actors. We are engaging in Despite the few human rights violations the dedicated participation of the NA in the conflicts for objectives that do not lead to the regrettably committed, NA at times of isolation counter insurgency operations, prevented Nepal resolution of the matter directly by force of arms. did force the Maoist insurgents to abandon their from succumbing to a totalitarian communist Therefore, wars are societal in their make, aspirations to achieve military victory. The Nepali rule. It must be clearly highlighted that simply asymmetrical in nature and permanent in their state of affairs requires the establishment and assigning roles and mission to the NA without durability. maintenance of a viable Nepali military force furnishing appropriate resources will eventually Militaries prefer mandates that permit a more structure with a rapid deployment capability. The invite another catastrophe. decisive use of adequate force and resent NA needs to further build and develop an (The author is a well known defense and ambiguous missions and restrictive conditions. effective response capability to counter security expert. His name has been withheld at The civilian hierarchy prefers to create a transnational threats and stretch its roles and his request.) 6 16-22 July, 2007 Interview

FascinatedFascinated byby birdsbirds Niraj Sapkota

The villagers who used to observe me climbing trees and watching birds used to think I was crazy.

Hari Sharan Nepali, 78, popularly known as survive. All my collection of bird skins are now conservation is very necessary to protect the It is no use creating a model habitat only Kazi is the leading ornithologist in Nepal; and is in Kathmandu Natural History museum. species and for it to flourish. Air, noise and although it has its own purpose for education one of the directors of nepalnature.com. Kazi water pollution also play a major role disturb- but it is most important to create awareness in has compiled a list of 874 species of birds in What inspired you to start collecting ing the birds and causing them to relocate. peoples’ minds about the role of birds in the Nepal so far. He talked about his life-long birds? Keshar Mahal in Kathmandu used to be a eco-system that affects all the people passion with newsfront recently. I realised early on that there was no hub of different birds’ habitat and migratory collection of birds in Nepal although the birds but now due to intolerable conditions, How do you feel while watching birds? How long have you been working as an Europeans began collecting birds from Nepal they moved out to friendlier environment. Birds I feel very happy, it makes me euphoric. I ornithologist? and taking it out of the country around 150 and animals are very sensitive to disturbances feel trapped when I cannot go out for long I have been working as an ornithologist for years ago. Now they are exhibited in the in environment and humans should heed the durations. I could spot birds from long around 50 years now. I am still studying and British and American museums. warnings before it becomes too late for their distances but now I need my glasses. To spot working in the field. That which began as my There were no books available on birds own survival! some birds it requires two to three people hobby is my work through which I have earned then. With difficulty, I found a book that helped Many species have disappeared and have since they move so rapidly. I myself have found my livelihood. My fascination for birds began me catalogue the names of the species. I relocated elsewhere due to lack of ideal 25, 20 new bird species. when I was very young. Nobody taught me clean and preserve the birds myself and this is habitat here in the valley. Here in Thamel, anything about it. I was self taught. something only somebody with genuine there was a swamp behind and birds called Obviously you need a lot of stamina in interest can do. ruby throat used to come here but now with this work? How did you start your education in this I have trekked extensively in Nepal and have houses all around, they are not to be seen Yes, a lot of hardship is involved in this work field? spent half of my life walking and still do. I am anymore. Species will start disappearing if where you face unpredictable weather I did not have any equipment in the begin- writing a book based on my experiences which their habitats are destroyed and this is true for conditions, scarcity of food and water and ning. I learned how to use the sling shot first will be published in near future. all areas in the 14 zones. have often to sleep out in the woods. I have and began handling guns when I used to In Nepal, no areas have been separated for faced problems like porters running away with accompany some people I knew who used to How were you viewed by others for your conservation of birds. It has not caught the supplies. It all is part of the job. go hunting, carrying their guns. Much later, I unique work? attention of the government yet. Preservation A lot of courage, dedication and tenacity are bought a gun and other equipment that was Life certainly was not easy, financially and of birds should be in the interest of Nepal, not required to survive in this field. It does not required for my work. I learned as I went along otherwise. The villagers who used to observe of organisations outside. The real people come with money. If it did, then the Ranas of and survived through sheer determination and me climbing trees and watching birds used to doing the actual work in Nepal should be the yore who used to hunt so much would faith in my ability to make it in this field. This think I was crazy. Even now I am considered a acknowledged and the credit given to them have a good collection by now. But instead so passionate pursuit fulfilled my dreams, bit out of ordinary so you can imagine what and not to outsiders with money, as is the much has gone out. sustained me financially and gave me an people used to think of me 50 years ago. common practice. opportunity to contribute to my country. I assist Are there bird fans in Nepal? tourists, experts and anybody else who wishes Are rare birds smuggled out of Nepal? Has any survey been done on birds in Yes, though they are only a handful, they to study and watch birds in any part of Nepal. Rare species might be smuggled out Nepal? are increasing but the number is peanuts although I have not come across any concrete No extensive research, counting has been compared to those in western countries where Don’t you feel sorry to kill such beautiful proof of it yet. Take the recent case of the birds done in Nepal yet since such a survey takes a there are hundreds of thousands of people birds? that were flown in from Pakistan and were lot of resources, time and man power. So no whose hobby is bird watching. I love birds and feel sorry to have to kill them destroyed. Nobody knows what kinds of birds accurate data on birds in Nepal exists really. In Nepal people tend to concentrate only on but this kind of research is such that it has to they were and why they were destroyed without their work, be it business or office work. Most be done for the purpose of study and so much as a photograph of the birds. There How important are birds to the ecosys- of them have no hobbies that they can pursue collection. We take only what is needed for have been several cases where smugglers tem? in their free time. We need to develop that research. It is a physical evidence of the were caught and it is said that Nepal is a base In an ecosystem, from a tiniest insect, every trend of having a hobby which keeps you species. Taking one or two from a species for foreigners to smuggle birds. single species is important. Disappearance of constructively occupied. does not impact on its existence. If you do not one species affects the whole cycle. With this take it, it might disappear like the dinosaurs. It How can birds be protected from extinc- in mind the government should start taking What are your future plans? is also a kind of conservation for the future. It tion? interest in it and make policies to preserve My wish is to go on working; walking and may not sound good but that is the fact. For a Their natural habitat, be it swamps, forests, birds’ habitat all over the country. It would be a finally I hope to die in Mustang. I love that species to survive, it takes more than three or dried tree trunks and so on need to left way to attract more tourists. Recently I place. I am happy with the way life has turned four in number and a proper habitat. Only a untampered. Different birds live and thrive in assisted the ex-president Jimmy Carter on a out for me. I wish more people would enter few numbers left in any species just do not different kinds of habitat. Green habitat bird watching trip and he enjoyed it. this field and persevere in it. Plus Two education 16-22 July, 2007 7 Education for competence and virtue

Khagendra Prasai Principal, SM College

What should be the purpose of education?

I am of firm conviction that education should be directed towards creating a virtuous and knowledgeable citizen of society, nation and the world. A similar idea is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that education should be directed to the full development of personality and to the strengthening of human rights and freedom. Rig Ved says, “Education is what liberates” (sa bidhya ta bimuktaya). To put it simply, education should build and enhance competence and virtue in individuals.

What would you advise students who are choosing their subjects?

Students should keep in mind their own potential and the opportunities for higher studies that the subjects offer. Today, natural science, management, humanities, social sciences, all offer good opportunities if students are committed to achieve good results and they can develop the confidence required in their respective fields.

What should students consider while choosing a college?

Firstly, they should know in which areas the college has invested; such as laboratory, library etc. which directly or indirectly benefit students. Secondly, the teaching method Niraj Sapkota adopted; is the method conducive to building and enhancing their ability to learn and develop their personal- ity? Thirdly, they must consider whether the college motivates students to make progressive achievement in score, competence and development of personality. Many colleges proudly publicise high scores of their students, but little attention has been paid on whether any DifficultDifficult choicechoice progressive achievement is being made by students or not. I have seen many students being misguided and …There are ways to verify the merit as claimed in media advertisements. duped by exaggerated and false advertisements of colleges. Sometimes students are deluded by glittering facades of college building and the like. Keeping all these ä Chhatra Karki Educationists emphasise not only on factors in mind, students can make a wise and rational academic performance but also on decision. An estimated 150,000 students constituting teaching faculty, environment, extracurricu- almost 80 percent of those who passed lar activities etc. Absence of a grading the school level are looking for enrolment system or policy on the part of the in plus two level. This according to the government has also made students Higher Secondary Education Board difficult to decide on which is the best (HSEB) Vice President, Upendra Koirala, institute for them. There is a demand from shows how popular the plus two education some parents that there be an authentic system is getting in the country. body of government to rank the plus two But this has left students and their on the basis of academic, physical and guardians quite confused whether this is educational facilities. solely because of its popularity or the lure The debate goes on about what makes of competitive media advertisement. a college preferable over others. Academic “There are ways to verify the merit as results still attract many students and their claimed in these advertisements. One visit parents. “All requirements are essential for The debate to these colleges and a look into their the overall development of students, but infrastructure and academic atmosphere academic performance comes first,” goes on about will dispel exaggerated claims,” said Dr Ramesh Maharjan, a guardian, what makes a Bishnu Karki, an educationist. “And the emphasised. college prefer- choice should be that of the students,” he What they call an overdose of commer- asserted. cialism in the plus two category is able over oth- A few colleges have hired counselors to something that worries guardians and ers. Academic check the IQ level and aptitude of students students alike. “Absence of uniformity in so that they could make their right choice the fees structure in the plus two level results still of subjects and colleges. These techniques even in institutions with similar infrastruc- attract many have been found quite useful for students ture is a case in point. There is also a lack students and as it makes them confident that the subject of supervision and monitoring system,” they have chosen is right for their future. said Mahendra Singh Rathor, Minister of their parents. According to Shaligram Bhattarai, a state for Education and Sports. He added counselor at Little Angels School, Hattiban, that the government will soon form a plus two is the gateway to future career, so committee of experts to determine fees parents and students should take it and make other suggestions for quality seriously. and service enhancement in the system. 8 16-22 July 2007 Opinion

Finance Minister Dr Ramsaran Mahat presenting the annual budget-2064

ä Binod P. Bista Budget at a glance

It seems highly unlikely that the growth target projected at 5% for next fiscal year can be reached.

National budget of Nepal has been announced lacking serious efforts from all sides, particularly for the fiscal year 2007/2008 by Nepal’s finance the conflicting groups affiliated with major political minister of a government led by eight coalition parties in the all powerful parliament, it seems partners. This budget is believed to be the first highly unlikely that the growth target projected at one for the three-year transition period. The 5% for next fiscal year can be reached. Let us transition period can last longer as per current hope that the finance minister’s assessment has been found. from the national military, as per the agreement conditions of instability and lawlessness as well relating to adverse impact of law and order last Equally difficult to digest is the planned capital among the coalition partners, the cost to equip as lack of understanding and harmony among year on economic growth was wrong. investment of 75.252 billion Nepali rupees, the police force is an added extra. the present leadership. While the first factor is fully in the hands of which is more than double the outlay under this Nepal has to pay nearly 15.561 billion Nepali Understandably, it is a complex exercise which people of Nepal, especially its current leadership, head last year. Besides the uncertainty in rupees to the foreign lenders in the next fiscal had to be carried out for running day to day the second important factor lies with nature. For realising the commitment of donor countries, year. As an excellent borrower Nepal has been affairs of the nation even if Nepal were not countries like Nepal, adverse weather conditions and likely delays in working out loan proposals successfully meeting its loan obligations at all facing the Constituent Assembly elections in the always come in handy to be blamed for lack of with regional/international financial and times voting itself out of one of the crucial criteria near future. It would require a good amount of growth. One wonders why we must base a large monetary institutions, expected to raise 44.828 established for highly indebted poor countries study and deeper understanding of the part of our projections on nature’s ways which billion Nepali rupees as foreign aid (grant plus (HIPC) for writing off of all loans. elements of the budget prior to making informed has ever remained mysterious and unknown loan), the absorptive capacity of a country Presently, Nepal has been following a path of comments. Nevertheless, economic survey of even to the most learned. cannot be raised overnight. That is unthinkable all-inclusive democratic governance with full the past period provides a good basis to start On the revenue side, the government expects in a state of transition. regard paid to human rights as per advice and discussion on the budget. to generate 99 billion 605.9 million Nepali If it is not possible to increase revenues and encouragement of the international community. The government of Nepal has pointed at two rupees from domestic sources as against a make investments as desired, can then the If this were not the right time to help Nepal, major factors for its lack of performance mobilisation of 86 billion 135.5 million (as government cut down on certain expenses? when would? The government should try to (achievement) of its estimated 4.5% growth for revised) in the last fiscal year. A jump of over From the face of it, this proposition also looks to obtain this rightful concession from its lenders, 2006/2007. The revised estimates state the 10% in domestic revenue without a stable be difficult. The government must ensure the which will make a huge difference in streamlin- GDP growth last year as 2.5% only. The major environment encouraging increased investment CA elections on time, the extended one in ing its budget for this year and successive years factor, as per the speech of the finance minister, from domestic and foreign sources can be November. Law and order must be secured in in the interim period. The United States, the EU, has been stated as “lack of improvement in law anything but highly ambitious. At this juncture, order to carryout the elections in a free and fair Japan, China and India should take the lead to and order and investment climate.” Nepal is neither equipped with mega projects manner. General administrative expenses, make it happen. ä With the current situation of law and order, that can bring in sizable benefits nor a sound particularly on security agencies, need to be (Bista is a development economist, works with which seems to be worsening progressively, and basis for small and medium scale businesses adequately apportioned. Lacking any support Boao Forum for Asia in China.) Questionable mergers ä Siddhartha Thapa “Their tactics, strategy might have changed, but not their goals.”

Nepal’s political discourse has entered the law and order situation has taken a nose dive Young Communist League, the atrocities still were never integrated into the national army. decisive phase where the future of and admitted that under present circum- continue: the recent killing of a journalist in far In Britain, the IRA (Irish Republican Army) tomorrow’s Nepal will be charted through a stances, the chances of holding elections is western Nepal by the Nepal Republican Army too was not made a part of the British Army. Constituent Assembly. Throughout history only remotely possible. Due to Girija’s failure to (NRA), reveal that there is little room to Likewise, in Congo, South Africa, Angola and state power has been captured through assert political authority, the Maoists have suggest that the Maoists have mended their Guatemala integration of state forces with the popular revolts and by paralysing or more strategically unveiled their much expected ways. And there is still a significant threat of rebel army led to serious indiscipline, internal likely by destroying the morale of the existing move: to paralyse or trigger a mutiny in the the Maoists going to war. confrontation, and misunderstanding that state security apparatus. Similarly in Nepal national army by pushing for the integration of Chairman Prachanda has boasted repeatedly ultimately lead to the collapse of the structure an intense debate has ensued regarding the their ideologically armed outfit into the about their ability to wage war at any given time of the army. Worse still is the case of merger of a politically motivated armed outfit Nepal Army. if need be. It is also clear, that the political wing Bangladesh where the opposition army – People’s Liberation Army (PLA) and the However, if Girija gives the nod under of the Maoist party has ultimately succumbed to assassinated Presidents. These past Nepal Army. However, the state must pressure to merge the two armies, it would be the pressure of their military wing. Or perhaps it experiments of amalgamation must be taken strongly resist the pressure either domestic prudent for the Nepali Congress to weigh the is the inability of the political wing to outmaneu- into consideration before such mergers are or international for the amalgamation of PLA political ramifications of such a move. There are ver the political parties which has compelled the implemented. into Nepal Army. In the unfortunate event several issues that need to be taken into Maoist leadership to give more weight to the Even today, the YCL and NRA have failed that the merger takes place, prior to consideration prior to giving consent for the voices from the military wing. However, the to mend their ways. The crimes committed by Constituent Assembly polls, it would be merger of the two armies. First, it is important to ground reality is that the military and political the PLA, consistent negligence of the accurate to conclude that Girija is indeed consider that for almost a decade the Maoists wings are working in tandem to eventually Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the preparing for the eventual surrender of took up arms against the state and the political overwhelm the state. constant abuse of human rights will make it power to the Maoists. system of multi-party democracy, in order to There are social aspects too that need to be harder for the UN to accept Nepal in future As the International Crisis Group states in establish a communist republic. It is also looked into. Family ties and ideological loyalty to peace keeping missions if the rebel army and its report vis-à-vis the Maoists, “their tactics, important to note that there is no guarantee that the party makes it hard for the PLA to separate Nepal Army are integrated without trying strategy might have changed, but not their the Maoists will renounce violence if the and decipher the importance of national security those who are guilty. It is important to note goals”. The Maoists today appear to be the elections or the political proceedings do not go from party interest. It is a foregone conclusion that there is no mechanism within the PLA, only political party with a game plan. On the their way. Prachanda, Kiran Vaidya and C.P that once the PLA and Nepal Army are merged, that can punish the guilty and even if there other hand the Nepali Congress is under an Gajurel, all senior Maoist leaders, have politically indoctrinated members in the armed were, it would be a hoax designed to fool the illusion that by virtue of being the largest consistently maintained that their party will not service coupled with the infiltration of YCL and powers that be. To conclude, the recent democratic party in the country, the people accept any political solution that contravenes NRA, will undoubtedly undermine the impartiality political upheaval in the Terai and concur- will vote for them. Nonetheless, the realistic their agendas and party policies. of the army. rently, Maoist behavior at this particular picture of Nepali politics is vastly different Nepal Army is a voluntary army and works in In retrospect it is imperative to look into past juncture, will boost the confidence of other from what our leaders have been portraying. the interest to protect national security. In cases of tried and tested mergers. For example, armed outfits in Terai and force them to A few days ago senior of the Eight Party comparison, the PLA killed unarmed political even though the Indian National Army (INA) demand the integration of their cadres into Alliance, Raghu Pant, Binay Dhoj Chand opponents and anyone who dared to speak up spearheaded by Subash Chandra Bose waged the national army along ethnic lines, as a and Dinnanth Sharma conceded that the against them. Even after the formation of a military war for India’s independence, they precondition for successful talks. ä Perspective 16-22 July 2007 9

They expected their leaders to turn into statesman who think about Voice of the next generation, but what they Marshland are getting is politicians who just think about the next election. Flowers restless Buddha discouraged his teachings from being formalised in any one language. youths ä Gagan Thapa ä Acharya Mahayogi Sridhar Rana Rinpoche Another example from the the Theravadin Tripitaka Each succeeding generation frustration among the youths. The matters what the result, it will certainly Sravakayana tradition (Theravada) remained in Pali language which manifests the accumulated culture of failure of the Maoists to renounce be counterproductive for the is of Achan Jha (Acharya Jha) of was a language developed out of generations that have preceded them violence ideologically as well as consolidation of democracy. the Thai – Laos Mountain. He was the Saurseni family of Indian while also embodying the attributes through practice is fueling their Democracy desires active renowned to be an Arhat but when language for the express purpose resulting from its own interactions annoyance. They expected their participation of its population. Nepal is a journalist approached him and of maintaining high philosophical with the natural, social, political, leaders to turn into statesman who predominantly a young country. The asked him the question, he asked, standards, the Sanskrit Pitaka of social, scientific and religious world. think about the next generation, but continuation of hope among the "How can I be an Arhat?" This the Sarvastivadins and the Prakrit Each generation gives continuity to what they are getting is politicians young population ensures larger answer has a double entendre. Pitaka of the Mahasanghikas change as it carries past culture and who just think about the next election. participation of youth in the political One, he just clearly denied it and were further translated into experiences blended with new ideas. They cherished the moment when process, which would also create an second he was also teaching the Tibetan, Chinese, Khotanese, Youths of Nepal are no exception. the date for the elections was incentive to take long term conse- journalist that as long as there is Mongolian etc following the Their different personal life experi- announced, but it did not last long. quences into account. an ‘I’, there is no Arhat, when injunctions of the Buddha himself. ences blended with common new there is 'no – I' (anatma) there is The Mahayan Pitaka also was ideas have developed a common no one to be an Arhat. This in Sanskrit and later in accor- characteristic among Nepali youth. beautiful answer hits the heart of dance with the inner intention of Even though Nepali youth have the entire Buddhist tradition. the Buddha, translated into multiple identities there have a lot of Now let us go back to the Tibetan, Chinese, Khotanese, things in common. lineage issues. Within Buddhism Mongolian, Korean, Japanese, Regardless of their caste, class there always have been two major Vietnamese and various Central etc., Nepali youth have been lineages – the Sravakayana Asian languages. So of all the discarding the status quo. They have lineages and the Bodhisattvayana various Sravakayana lineages, got quality imagination, temper of will, lineage. Let us first talk about the only the Theravada is alive today an appetite for adventure and a Sravakayana lineage. From the and still going strong. The yearning for progress. They are time of Shakyamuni the Theravada Nikaya spread to Sri visualising an economically decent, Sravakayana lineages grew, Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, politically and socially participatory, expanded and branched out into Cambodia and Southern naturally and religiously harmonious, 18 to 24 Nikayas. Each Nikaya had Vietnam. This system began spiritually and philosophically dignified its Tripitaka written in its own when in the 3rd century King life. They are dreaming of a demo- language. For example, the Shaila Asoka's son Bhikkhu Mahinda cratic republic Nepal. and Purva Shaila Nikayas had their (Mahendra) took the Pitaka They are for change, better life Tripitakas in Paisachi language, prevalent in Ujjain in the Pali conditions, opportunities, better Bhaswor Ojha Sarvastivadins had their Tripitaka language from Ujjain to Sri Lanka. society and a better nation. They in Sanskrit language and the Since then the lineage spread want it to happen in their life time. For They treasured the moment when Exclusion of youths in the political Theravadins had their Tripitaka in to Burma and Thailand. Although that they want things to start the Maoist Supremo publicly process would mean disregarding the Pali language. The Buddha himself Burma was already Buddhist, the happening right now. The migration committed to abide by the democratic population, which is unwise for is said to have discouraged his Sri Lankan Theravada reformed of large number of youths in pursuit principles, but the ‘fearless and electoral reasons and result in the teachings from being formalised in and gave it an impetus. The of material goods or the active clueless’ Young Communist League misrepresentation of population in any one language. When a group Bhikkhu lineage and the Samatha participation of youth in the April crushed their appreciation. They general. of Brahmin disciples suggested to and Vipassana lineage of the uprising is an example of it. applauded when the ruling political What then would encourage the him to record all his teachings in Theravada School are still The youths were in a euphoric parties decided to accept federalism youth to participate in the political the 'Chanda' (Vedic Sanskrit) he running strong and unbroken in stage after the successful April as a basis for designing a new State, process? By listening to them; giving discouraged that and unequivocally these countries. Because a form uprising. They were hoping that but the complete absence of intra them more space to interact, reiterated that his teachings should of Sukkha Vipassana from Burma Constituent Assembly would be a party and inter party discussions encouraging them to build strong and be made accessible in all lan- arrived in Nepal through the platform for an equitable and just about federalism forced them to a durable alliance; reassuring them that guages. venerable Sri Goenka; many society, a peaceful and prosperous conclusion that it was mere rhetoric. they do not have to attend funeral of That is why the Tripitakas Nepalese, including those who nation. With time their hopes have Nepali youths have been accus- their own dreams; and most developed in so many languages. should know better, are a bit begun to shatter. tomed to these phenomena but they importantly, creating a conducive Of the 24 or so Nikayas today only confused about the Vipassana Deteriorating law and order are getting tired of it. The accelera- atmosphere for constituent assembly the Theravada is alive while the meditation. (To be continued.) situation, rampant violence in several tion of frustration among them would elections. If you want the youths to Tripitakas of the Sarvastivadas (Sridhar Rinpoche is a parts of Terai, are some of the either turn them into survivors/passive wait till November, you have to act exist in Chinese language. While Vajrayana Master.) features helping to compound the recipients or violent aggressors. No now. ä 10 16-22 July 2007 From the region N Korea 'closes nuclear reactor' North Korea has shut down its nuclear three weeks to complete the task, says the reactor at Yongbyon, a US state depart- BBC's Kevin Kim in Seoul. In nuclear talks ment spokesman has said. Sean held in Beijing in February, North Korea was McCormack said that the US had been promised heavy fuel oil in exchange for the informed of the shut-down by North Korea Yongbyon shut-down. and was now awaiting verification from the The deal was delayed amid a wrangle UN nuclear watchdog, the IAEA. over North Korean funds frozen in a Macau A team from the International Atomic bank account. But the first ship of oil arrived Energy Agency is in Yongbyon overseeing in the North Korean port of Sonbong on the closure, taking place under a deal Saturday, loaded with 6,200 tonnes of heavy agreed in February, but much delayed. fuel oil. Under this deal Pyongyang got its first On Friday, the chief US nuclear envoy, heavy fuel oil shipments on Saturday. Christopher Hill, emphasised that the closing of "We welcome this development and look the Yongbyon reactor was only the first step forward to the verification and monitoring of though. Mr Hill said he expected a full list of this shut-down by the International Atomic the North's nuclear facilities within months - as Energy Agency team," Mr McCormack said agreed in the February deal. North Korea in a statement as the news was announced. tested an atomic bomb for the first time last Financial wrangling year, and has repeatedly said it needs nuclear If confirmed, the shut-down would be the weapons to fend off a US attack. first stage in disabling the North's nuclear Talks involving South and North Korea, programme. The IAEA's 10-member team Russia, Japan, the United States and China are to decommission and seal equipment at are set to resume in Beijing on Wednesday the reactor and plutonium reprocessing to map out the next stage of the process. plant. It may take the inspection team up to (BBC) Pakistan tense after suicide blast kills 24 troops Pakistan on Sunday braced for more according to a state media report protest the army raid and the backlash violence to the army’s published in the Dawn daily. ongoing army build-up in border deadly raid on a hardline mosque last In Saturday’s suicide blast in North regions. week after a suicide car bomb attack Waziristan, the attacker rammed an In North Waziristan, pro-Taliban killed at least 24 troops in an Afghan explosives-packed car into a militant commander Abdullah Farhad border area. paramilitary convoy, also wounding threatened to end a peace deal Pakistani army trucks carrying more than 20 troops, said chief struck last September between the more troops rumbled into northwest- military spokesman Major General government and tribal leaders unless Fresh fighting ern mountain areas after President Waheed Arshad. the army left newly-set up check- Pervez Musharraf last week vowed to Besides the blast and a spate of points by Sunday. “If the government troops do not erupts in Sri Lanka vacate the checkposts by July 15, we will end the existing peace agreement with the government and launch a COLOMBO: Sri Lankan troops territory. “The LTTE were firing guerrilla war,” Farhad told AFP by used war planes and long-range mortars and artillery and we phone from an undisclosed location weapons to attack suspected confronted them ... there are a Saturday. Tamil Tiger positions as fresh lot of LTTE casualties,” military The United States has raised fighting broke out early on spokesman Brigadier Prasad pressure on its ally Musharraf, the Saturday, the defence ministry Samarasinghe told Reuters. “We army chief who grabbed power in a said. also had one soldier killed and 11 coup eight years ago, to do more to Fighter jets pounded suspected injured,” he said. hunt down Taliban and al-Qaeda Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam The LTTE admitted on insurgents hiding in Pakistan’s rugged (LTTE) locations in the north of Thursday losing Thoppigala in Afghan border lands. the island, where heavy artillery the district of Batticaloa, but said New US intelligence reports duels killed at least one soldier it would now revert to guerrilla suggest Al-Qaeda is gaining strength and wounded another 12, the tactics in the troubled region. and has established a safe haven in ministry said. Fighting across Sri Lanka has remote tribal areas of western Both sides traded heavy worsened since the breakdown Pakistan for training and plotting new weapons fire across a defence of a 2002 truce around 19 attacks, the Washington Post said last line in Vavuniya district, the months ago. crush extremists and “root them out week. ministry said. “It is confirmed that Sri Lanka’s 35-year-old from every corner of the country.” White House national security many LTTE terrorists were killed,” conflict has claimed more than There were unconfirmed reports of advisor Stephen Hadley said the ministry said in a statement. 60,000 lives, and over 5,200 fighting between militants and Musharraf had failed to contain al- There was no immediate people have been killed in government troops in the Swat valley Qaeda and said the plan to give tribal comment from the Tigers. fighting in the past 19 months, of North West Frontier Province early leaders more autonomy “has not The clash Saturday at according to government Sunday. worked the way it should have,” Thampanai came three days after figures. The rebels are fighting Pakistan’s radical Islamic minority speaking on US television. security forces wrested control for an independent homeland has called for “holy war,” infuriated by General Musharraf has in recent over the final rebel base in the for the Tamil minority on the the siege of the pro-Taliban Red days sent additional soldiers and east of the island. “We bombed Sinhalese-majority island. Mosque in the capital and the army other attacks on troops in recent equipment into parts of the troubled the LTTE camp in Mannar and it Tiger political wing leader SP assault that ended it, claiming 103 days, there has been political fallout in North West Frontier Province. was very successful, lot of Thamilselvan told Reuters in an lives through the week, mostly of the world’s second-largest Muslim “Troops have been deployed in casualties,” Air Force spokesman interview that peace was “not militants. nation amid the heightened tensions Swat district and in Dera Ismail Khan Group Captain Ajantha De Silva possible” as long as Mahinda The interior ministry said the bodies triggered by the Red Mosque raid. following instructions by President told Reuters. Rajapaksa remained president, of 10 unidentified foreigners and Qazi Hussain Ahmed — powerful Musharraf to beef up security to The air raids came hours after pouring cold water on interna- seven children were among the head of the six-party Islamic alliance counter the threat of extremist forces the Tigers killed one soldier and tional efforts to halt the two- charred remains found in the the Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal — said in the region,” a military official said. injured 11 in the northern district decade conflict. agencies. devastated mosque complex, he would resign from parliament to (France 24) of Vavuniya, which borders rebel (Daily Times) Art & Society 2-8 July 2007 11 Poet on an island Insight I am a poet on an island I am what is on the sea Not just I dip my finger in the sea and below the sea, and above salt blends with my blood the sea I become the sea. the sun roped to my shoulder black my Pythagorean sail a writer I take deep breaths wind is the breath as the rocks breathe of the world in sleep I lean with old men I am hailed by name from the Writers worth their salt, true to the spirit of against stone walls stone quay. ä Yuyutsu RD Sharma their art never sought to align themselves (Fred Johnston) A brief chat with Johnston made with any corridors of power. “I still believe in poetry,” says the Faith in poetry is an me realise the supremacy of cultural distinguished Irish poet Fred guards that Irish society has raised Johnston while introducing his intriguing question. over the years. Johnston not very collection of poems, Being Anywhere And at the same time long ago had to lose his job at a ä Sushma Amatya (Lagan Press, Belfast). He adds, prestigious newspaper for reviewing “Though I am not always sure what as important as air is a contemporary woman writer with “Oh, so and so is just a writer” – hearing the spontaneous, disparaging precisely I mean by that.” to human survival. influential friends in the media in remark about a fiction writer by an educated, ‘broad minded’ person Faith in poetry is an intriguing negative light. came as a bit of a surprise and just reaffirmed how little we Nepalis question. And at the same time as Johnston had stated the view that value the art of creating stories. important as air is to human survival. I many young woman writers were Story telling is an art I greatly appreciated right from my childhood cannot imagine a poet without faith, being published just because they thanks to the streams of stories I used to extract from my indulgent aunts. even if he/she comes from another were women. Most of them did not The vivid pictures replete with dramatic gestures and intonations are still planet. But what poets believe in can have true poetic value or literary alive in my mind. The sense of wonder and enchantment that was evoked be drastically different from the even decided to put together an issue merit. through their stories sowed a seed from which my love for the imagery, traditional definition of faith. Poets get of my magazine Pratik on the famous “It’s very important to observe,” the fantastic expressed through words must have been born. attached to strange things, develop port Galway. This was the port where opines Fred, “Ireland is a very Story writing is no different when you string together words that evoke a attachments that ordinary people find during the great Irish famine they conservative society. It pretends it’s picture, stir up emotions and weave a world through which readers are crazy. Eliot wrote scores of poems on used to put the famished people into not. It’s very rural and Dublin is not its informed, entertained, inspired, encouraged to think, feel and explore. cats, Yeats fell in love with a beautiful those famous ‘coffin ships’ to carry true representation.” Johnston Communicating a good story through different means is as great an art as woman and kept writing tirelessly on them across the black Atlantic waters. believes a writer should engage painting, sculpting, creating music or songs. It is the foundation on which her for decades. In this light, Fred Countless died on the way, only a few fearlessly in politics and in the making block buster movies, epic novels are made. The fine skill of story telling is Johnston is a poet with a faith in the lucky ones survived and reached of contemporary society. “Writers are employed in poems, theatre, documentaries, reporting news, investiga- landscape, his seashores, his boats, America. Johnston’s poetry weaves a not strange spiritual beings, isolated tions as well as in research of people and different aspects that go to make and his Irish sky. The attachment to stimulating song of the same sea and from the rest of the world.” remained their lives. It takes as much time, sweat, dedication, perseverance and the landscape can be daunting. the landscape that this fearsome sea his mantra. hard work to hone the skill of writing as it does for any other discipline. No wonder he had set up my shapes and shines. This is how his The writer can be reached at It is interesting to note comments made by prejudiced academicians reading in Galway on the docks. We boat dreams: [email protected] about writers. An academician who considered herself to be on the top rung of the academic ladder commented that her rival’s paper appeared more like a BBC report than an academic paper! Personally, if at all I was inspired to read an academic paper, I’d reach out for the scorned paper than a bagful of academic jargon that prides on its indecipherable Being ethical and productive antiquity and storage value. Is the halo created around academicians of her ilk, a case of assigning greater value to something that is least keep ex-addicts clean understood by many? As the history of the world shows, writers worth their salt, true to the Counseling by drug therapist, Ragina Shah spirit of their art never sought to align themselves with any corridors of power. There are umpteen examples of writers, painters, poets whose My cousin overdosed ‘high’ again, they start increasing their Going into those areas of past lives were mired in poverty and its vicious claws gripped them till their herself with tranquilisers drug intake. This is how overdosing and meeting those friends re- very last breath. Such writers have always been critical of tyranny, recently. Why did she do it? takes place. stimulate those moments of sycophancy, hypocrisy ä S.Khadga, Baluwatar Another reason could be that pleasure and thus ex-addicts and have not been As the history of the your cousin may be seeking easily get caught up again in the afraid of speaking out There could be two reasons for attention. She may feel that she is cycle of addiction again. To stay what they think and world shows, writers worth it. Firstly, it could be addiction. deprived of attention and sympathy drug free, ex-addicts have to be feel, even if it makes their salt, true to the spirit Unhappy, hopeless people are from others and may be trying to taught to fulfill responsibilities to them an ugly duckling more prone to drugs (tranquilisers get it from others through this act of themselves and to others. They in a pond full of white of their art never sought to or sleeping pills are also drugs). overdosing. This is a psychological have to be ethical and honest. painted swans. align themselves with any Their negative emotions, feelings problem and needs to be treated by When they are doing good and This lack of corridors of power. and sensations are problems for psychotherapists. To determine the not hiding anything they will find it association with power them since they do not want to exact cause and to find the right easy to establish communication has caused the society at large to view principled writers through feel, experience or face it. To treatment, she first needs to be with everybody. But the moment distorted lens. The magic writers create by delving deep into the them, their problems appear checked by a psychotherapist and a they become unethical they will recesses of a human heart and soul; the joyful light it sheds on troubled overwhelming without any psychiatrist. start avoiding others. hearts and blank minds casting a glow of hope, seem to pale before the solutions. scepter of power and the modern-day throne of money. It is akin to the When anybody tries to deal with Thus being ethical is the way soft glow of candle being overshadowed by the harsh glare of neon their problems with help of drugs, What does a recovering to drug free survival. Being lights. it could be a beginning of addict have to do to stay drug- productive is also very impor- Any profession that is associated with money and power commands addiction. No one likes pain or free for the rest of their lives? tant. When they start taking on much respect, almost reverence in the eyes of people, especially in discomfort and we all instinctively ä Gambhir Kayastha, Battisputali useful projects and complete it, Nepal. Since we hardly have seen any writers in Nepal who have try to avoid these feelings. By their morale gets boosted and become successful monetarily the tendency to look down on those who using drugs, somebody like your 'Once an addict, always an addict' they start doing better; but if choose this art for living comes naturally to most people. But writing as a cousin may feel good for is a false and discriminating attitude their achievement status profession deserves as much if not more respect as any other money sometime but with time, her body prevalent in our society. But this can stagnates, they start going guzzling professions. That it is synonymous to penury is because of our begins to adapt to the toxic only be true if addicts in recovery do downhill. Thus, whether big or ignorance, large scale illiteracy and increasing mercenary attitude chemicals and increases its not follow certain rules to remain drug small, they have to be engaged resulting in lack of appreciation for this art. tolerance to the drugs. free. They have to stay away from in something constructive. Writers give a lot to the society. They prod, awaken hearts and minds In the beginning users areas where they used to spend time These steps may sound very to see, feel, empathise, listen and act. Through their writings are the experience an instant feeling of and from friends they used to hang ordinary but they are the most darkest fears, starkest realities, unparalleled passions, supreme well-being or a 'high' but with out with while using drugs; since such essential steps for a recovering courage, deepest sorrows revealed; that otherwise would have tolerance, the intensity of the company or environment could addict to follow if they want to remained hidden, unrecognised in the tunnels of mind. It is more pleasurable feeling they are trigger craving for drugs. This will stay off drugs. through stories than anything else that human nature, its peaks of seeking lessens and the physical lead to, “just a few sips of alcohol” or Please address any queries you brilliance and cesspools of dark sides are most revealed. Legends, and mental 'lows' intensify when “just a puff” and soon they are back have about drug addiction to: myths, the mysterious that inspire and guide, survive through genera- the effects of drugs start wearing to being addicts and worse than [email protected] (Your tions through story telling and writing. And they remain long after the off. To overcome it and to get that before. identity will be protected.) creators have gone. ä 12 16-22 July, 2007 Makers Who's new to the Potter "Harry Potter and the Order of the "Sweeney Phoenix" introduces several new Todd." characters to the screen from the -- Luna book series. Most notable, perhaps, Lovegood is the sadistic, toad-like Dolores (Evanna Umbridge -- at least, that's how she's Lynch) -- A described in J.K. Rowling's book. In Hogwarts the film, she's played by Imelda schoolmate, her father is a tabloid Staunton -- the Oscar-nominated publisher, and she takes gossip as actress from "Vera Drake." gospel. Harry is one of the few The director, too, is new to the classmates to befriend the series, but he's sticking with it: bespectacled, often annoying David Yates, best-known for his Luna, who proves steadfast in BBC television work, already has troubled times. This is Evanna's begun pre-production on the next film debut. film in the series, "Harry Potter -- Kreacher (voice of Timothy and the Half-Blood Prince." He Bateson) -- A magical creature follows Chris Columbus, who known as a house elf, Kreacher directed the first two films, Mike belongs heart and soul to the Black Harry made it Newell and Alfonso Cuaron. family's dark side. When Sirius Here are some new friends and Black was the only male member foes Harry, Ron, Hermione and of his family left, Kreacher was company will contend with in film forced to serve him, although No. 5: reluctantly. Kreacher despises -- Dolores Umbridge (Imelda Sirius because the elf sees him as Staunton) -- The Oscar-nominated having betrayed his mother, who actress, recently seen in the was adored by the elf. Like Dobby inspirational film "Freedom Writers," the house elf in previous films, plays a cloying, nasty piece of work Kreacher will be a computer- in Dolores Umbridge, who was generated creation. brought to the Hogwarts School of -- Kingsley Shacklebolt (George cool to read Witchcraft and Wizardry to quash Harris) and Nymphadora Tonks Like circus elephants on parade, J.K. novels were repeatedly ensconced Rowling’s Harry Potter novels have atop the adult hardcover list. what Harry knows to be true: The (Natalie Tena) -- Both characters lumbered past a dazzled young public As with any craze, imitators have evil Voldemort and his followers are Aurors (skilled in defense for the last 10 years. Now the tried to cash in. “With 70 per cent of have returned. Umbridge tortures against the Dark Arts) and beloved fantasy series is ending with the manuscripts submitted to us, Harry, both mentally and physically, members of the Order of the the release of the seventh volume, we’re told it’s just like Harry Potter,” while trying to keep him quiet. Phoenix. Author J.K. Rowling Harry Potter and the Deathly said Holly McGhee, a New York -- Bellatrix Lestrange (Helena describes Shacklebolt as a tall, Hallows, at midnight July 21. literary agent who handles children’s Bonham Carter) -- A disciple of bald black man who has a deep, Media coverage is in overdrive and books. “The character is the same Voldemort and therefore an enemy calming voice. Harris has worked millions of fans are arguing and age, it’s fantasy, it contains magic.” to Harry. Bellatrix is worse for wear with Laurence Olivier, who was an after doing time in Azkaban Prison. early mentor, Harold Pinter and obsessing over the fate of young Potter broke all rules. Boys as well She also is the sister of Narcissa on films with Ridley Scott and Harry in his struggle with the dark as girls liked the books. Length was Malfoy, aunt to Draco Malfoy and Steven Spielberg. Tonks (she wizard, Lord Voldemort. Others in the no problem — the longest novels in related to Harry's true guardian, hates her first name) spices things world of books and reading, the series run nearly 800 pages. “It Sirius Black -- a relationship that up with a youthful vivacity, not to meanwhile, are contemplating the used to be the mantra of teachers has dire consequences. Carter has mention purple hair. She's also a end of the historic series. Besides and librarians that a book of fiction lately been seen and heard in metamorphmagus, who can wondering what, if anything, could has to be thin or kids won’t read it, projects with her partner, director change appearance at will. Tena's take its place, they are reflecting on especially not boys,” said Terri Tim Burton, for whom she'll play previous films include "About a the impact the books have had on Schmitz, owner of a children’s book Seventh volume of Mrs. Lovett opposite Johnny Depp Boy". reading, bookselling, and publishing store. Harry Potter will in the upcoming film version of (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette) for the young. The subject matter changed after The adventures of the bespec- Potter, too. “When I was a kid, if you appear on July 21. tacled English boy at Hogwarts read fantasy, you were a geek,” said were hardly even buying it,” said School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Barry Goldblatt, a New York children’s Kristen McLean, executive director of have achieved sales far beyond any literary agent. “With Harry Potter, you the Association of Booksellers for comparison with normal books. More could have a book on your desk with Children in Boston. “Now the than 325 million copies of Harry dragons and knights on the cover and independents are getting shafted. Potter books have been printed no one made fun of you.” They have to stock it, but they can’t worldwide, in 66 languages. Many credit Rowling with creating a be competitive.” Scholastic Inc.’s first U.S. printing of whole generation of new readers. Some say the enormity of the Deathly Hallows is an unprecedented “The effect on kids’ reading has been Harry Potter phenomenon has 12 million copies, and Amazon.com huge,” said Elizabeth Bluemle, owner eclipsed other kinds of children’s has already received 1.6 million of The Flying Pig Bookstore in books, especially for younger advance orders. Shelburne, Vt. “Kids discovered they children. “Picture books have suffered can read harder and longer books tremendously, and the quality is pretty Publishing revolution than they thought they could.” sad,” Schmitz said, “because no one Author J.K. Rowling, 41, did more wants to take a chance on them.” than sell a lot of books. Her character Next blockbuster While there is much talk in “revolutionized publishing for middle- Booksellers, who once exulted over publishing about what will be the graders and above,” said Betsy their Potter business, are much “next” Harry Potter, no one has ever Groban, vice-president and publisher glummer lately. “For us, it’s a sad been able to predict even a normal- of Houghton Mifflin’s children’s thing,” said Schmitz, who hosted sized bestseller. Few believe that division. “Harry Potter made it cool to Rowling for a local reading in 1999, another 10-year, 325-million seller is read a big, fat, complicated book. just as the series took off. “With each over the horizon. Before Harry Potter, that sort of book book, we have sold fewer copies (The Chronicle Herald) was the hardest sell.” Potter, said Jodi because there are so many places to Reamer, a New York children’s get it steeply discounted. If I bought it literary agent, “led to an explosion in from Barnes & Noble, I’d be paying the middle-grade world. Agents who less than I pay Scholastic.” only represented adult work now also Other storeowners said they expect represent middle-grade fiction.” to break even at best. Amazon.com With the burgeoning genre of CEO Jeff Bezos told the annual hardcover fiction for children that meeting last month that Amazon will began with Harry Potter, The New not make a profit on Potter, with its 49 York Times created a separate per cent discount ($17 off the $34.99 children’s hardcover bestseller list for list price). its website in 2000, because Harry “The independents broke this book Potter and other hardcover children’s in the first place, when the chains