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Home , Battle of Cool Spring, Battle of Monocacy, Harry Gilmor, John McCausland, Jubal Early

MARYLAND CIVIL WAR TRAILS How to Use this Map-Guide This guide presents a scenic driving tour that follows the route of Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early’s July 1864 invasion of Maryland and attack on Washington, D.C. It also follows the routes of Gen. Bradley T. Johnson and Maj. Harry Gilmor, whom Early ordered to move toward Baltimore to cut railroad and telegraph communications, and then to march south to free Confederate prisoners of war at Point Lookout. Follow the bugle trailblazer signs to wayside pull-offs that tell not only the stories of the bold Confederates who conducted the last invasion of the North during the Civil War and attempted to attack the nation’s capital, but also of the brave Federal soldiers who thwarted their efforts. Uncover the stories behind the fateful Battles of Monocacy and Fort Stevens. Along the way, explore the scenery while paddling a waterway or while hiking or biking a trail, and experience nature and our nation’s Civil War heritage up close. Parks, trails, historic sites, and museums offer an in-depth look of the war on the home front, in the heat of battle, and beyond the battlefield. Take a break in nearby Civil War–era cities and towns for dining, lodg- ing, shopping, and attractions. For additional Trails information, visit www.civilwartrails.org and www.visitmaryland.org. And download the Maryland Civil War Trails app from Apple or Google Play for more Civil War history and fun things to see and do along the way.

Civil War–era cannons at Fort Stevens, Washington, D.C.

The Final Stand , by Keith Rocco. Courtesy Monocacy National Battlefield. Follow these signs to more than 1,000 Civil War sites. HHH THE LAST INVASION HHH

Gen. Jubal A. Early Gen. Lew Wallace Maj. Harry Gilmor

he last major Confederate inva- Lee dispatched Gen. Jubal A. Early and his sion of the North originated corps to Lynchburg, where Early repulsed during the spring campaign of Hunter and drove him into West Virginia. T May 1864, when Gen. Ulysses S. On June 23, Early turned north, Grant, commander in chief of all Federal marched down the Valley, and invaded armies, ordered simultaneous attacks Maryland to threaten Washington, D.C., against Confederate forces throughout draw Union troops from Richmond and the South. In Virginia, he accompanied Petersburg, and release Confederate pris- Gen. George G. Meade’s Army of the Poto- oners held at Point Lookout. On July 9, mac toward Richmond, while Gen. Benja- Early sent Gen. Bradley T. Johnson’s cav- min F. Butler led the Army of the James alry brigade to free the prisoners. Johnson toward Petersburg and Gen. David Hunter dispatched Maj. Harry Gilmor’s regiment to marched south in the Shenandoah Valley. raid near Baltimore. Union Gen. Lew Wal- To divert Union forces from Richmond lace delayed Early at the Battle of Monocacy and keep it out of Federal hands, Confed- on July 9, in what became known as “The erate Gen. Robert E. Lee later ordered Battle that Saved Washington.” Meanwhile, the attack on Washington. Federal troops from Petersburg strength- Grant’s strategy challenged Lee’s abil- ened the capital’s defenses. Early probed the ity to defend not only Richmond but also lines there near Fort Stevens on July 11–12 the Shenandoah Valley, an avenue of inva- and then withdrew to the Shenandoah Val- sion that offered the Federals a “back door” ley, where he stopped the pursuing Federals to Richmond and the Confederates a con- at Cool Spring on July 17–18. Despite failing cealed approach to the North and Washing- to free prisoners or take Washington, D.C., ton, D.C. In May 1864, it seemed, the Valley Early’s invasion succeeded in diverting offered Grant the advantage that Lee had Federal resources from Richmond and kept seized in 1862 and 1863. In June, however, it temporarily in Confederate hands. THE BATTLE THAT SAVED WASHINGTON

onfederate Gen. Jubal A. Early and his 15,000- man army arrived at Monocacy Junction on July 9, 1864. To divert Union forces away from CRichmond, Virginia, Early was executing Gen. Robert E. Lee’s orders to attack and if possible seize the United States capital, Washington, D.C. At the junction, Early faced 6,600 Union soldiers commanded by Gen. Lew Wallace, who was determined to hold his position and give time for reinforcements to reach the capital. Wallace had positioned his men across the Georgetown Turnpike, the main road to Washington. Cannon fire broke the morning stillness as Con- federate skirmishers, facing what they thought were inexperienced troops, tried to secure the bridges over the Monocacy River. Wallace’s men offered stiff resis- tance. As the fight continued, Confederate cavalry tried to secure a river crossing and seize the turnpike bridge. They dismounted and attacked across the Thomas Farm, Plan of the Battle of Monocacy but a concealed line of veterans forced them back to the Worthington Farm. A second dismounted attack was launched a few hours later. This time the troopers swept around the Union left flank, forcing the Federals back as the Confederates occupied the Thomas House. Success was short lived. When the veteran infantry counterattacked and drove the cavalrymen back a second time, Early sent infantrymen across the river to renew the assault. It was midafternoon when Confederate infantry attacked Wallace’s line. When they hit the Union center, the defenders cracked and retreated back to the Georgetown Turn- pike, a sunken road. The Confederates had driven the Union soldiers into a great defen- sive position. Failing to dislodge them from the turnpike, the final Confederate brigade attacked the Union right flank. The Fed- The Final Stand, by Keith Rocco erals pulled away from the river, leaving a gap that the Confederates exploited. With Early’s men able to fire down the Union line, Wallace ordered a retreat. The men at the junction fell back across the railroad bridge and made their way to safety. The battle was over and Early had given the Confederacy its only undis- puted victory in Union territory. Wal- lace’s defense, however, had bought time, and reinforcements arrived at the capital before Early could attack. H H CIVILIANS H LINCOLN AT H FORT STEVENS

fter the Battle of Monocacy, Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early marched south A toward Washington, D.C., 35 miles away. He headed toward Fort Stevens, one of the 68 forts around the capital, where President Abraham Lincoln soon witnessed the action.

Glen Worthington watching the Battle of Monocacy The summer heat, however, affected from the family cellar. Art by Keith Rocco. Early’s men mentally and physically, and about half of them lagged behind. Early and his vanguard arrived near lenn H. Worthington Fort Stevens at noon on July 11, but (1858–1934) experienced the faltering soldiers made him delay the horrors of combat when the attack until the next morning. Gpart of the Battle of Mono- Alarm spread through Wash- cacy was fought on his family’s farm. ington. Union reinforcements began The Worthingtons huddled in their arriving from Petersburg, Virginia, basement, where six-year-old Glenn by steamship on the afternoon of watched the fighting through gaps July 11. Lincoln greeted them and in boarded-up windows. Confederate later watched the combat from the forces turned his home into a field Fort Stevens ramparts. Confederate hospital, and Glenn helped his parents sharpshooters had Lincoln under fire, care for the wounded of both armies. and one of his group was shot! The As he explored the battlefield, Glenn President got out of harm’s way. The found a pile of burning rifles and bay- reinforced defenses impelled Early to onets, and used a stick to pull a bayo- withdraw. He retreated under cover net out. Unfortunately, as he stooped of darkness on the morning of July 12, over, a coal touched a paper cartridge ending his threat to the capital. that exploded, burning his face and threatening his vision. He retained his Lincoln at Fort Stevens sight, however, and recovered fully by the end of the year. Never forgetting the events of that July day, Worthing- ton wrote the first book on the battle, Fighting for Time, published in Balti- more in 1932. He also helped establish Monocacy National Military Park in 1934 to preserve the battlefield. HHHHH RANSOMS HHHHH

nion Gen. David Hunter’s “scorched earth” campaign in the Shenandoah Valley in May–June 1864 prompted Confederate retaliation. During Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early’s 1864 invasion, his men looted stores, burned barns, and “requi- U sitioned” horses. Occasional bloody firefights erupted with civilians. Early intro- duced a new tactic—ransom—to force a town to “contribute” money and supplies under threat of being put to the torch. Hagerstown, Middletown, and Frederick met his demands for cash, clothing, and food. Ransoms of Westminster and Hancock mostly fizzled before the Confederates collected the goods. Only Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, suffered “the torch,” on July 30, when leaders refused to meet Gen. John McCausland’s demands. The arson backfired, as shouts of “Remember Chambersburg” inspired Union soldiers in the field. The effect on Chambersburg was lasting, however, as it took years to rebuild. Hagerstown and Frederick levied special taxes on residents for decades to repay the banks that had lent money. The ransoms have become legendary in the towns where they occurred.

While officers demanded and arranged to receive Hagerstown’s ransom, troops sacked the Union army supply depot on Walnut Street. This image of the event appeared in Harpers Weekly on July 30. The ransom note received by Hagerstown officials, as it appeared in a 1907 history of the Hagerstown Bank. The original has since disappeared. PERSONALITIES H JOHNSON H AND GILMOR

onfederate Gen. Jubal A. Early and Union Gen. Lew Wallace, the commanders s the Battle of Monocacy who squared off in the Battle unfolded on July 9, 1864, C Confederate Gen. Bradley of Monocacy on July 9, 1864, followed similarly complicated paths in life and A T. Johnson, a Frederick, war. Both men enjoyed comfortable Maryland, native, and his cavalry bri- upbringings before the war and had gade were on a raid to free Confederate successful postwar literary careers. In prisoners in the Union prison camp other ways, they were very different. at Point Lookout. The cavalrymen Early was famous for his temper, rode east to Cockeysville, destroying profanity, and aggressiveness in com- bridges and telegraph lines to disrupt bat. Gen. Robert E. Lee called him railroad and communication traffic. In “my bad old man.” In contrast, Wal- Baltimore, Johnson’s approach created lace had a diplomatic temperament chaos, and residents armed themselves. and a strong Christian ethic. With the Johnson detached Towsontown Battle of Monocacy, Early earned the native Maj. Harry Gilmor to destroy only Confederate victory on Union more telegraph lines and the Gunpow- soil during the campaign but failed to der railroad bridge. On July 11, Gil- capture Washington, D.C., or free Con- mor’s men demolished two trains and federate prisoners at Point Lookout. part of the bridge, and captured Union Wallace’s defeat, which at first cost Gen. William B. Franklin, who escaped him his command, was soon seen as that evening as his guards “The Battle that Saved Washington” slept. Gilmor rejoined and helped redeem his reputation. Johnson on July 14 at After the war, armed with pens Poolesville. instead of swords, both men (trained Johnson, mean- as lawyers) spent the balance of their while, had ridden lives attempting to justify their war- south and burned time actions, and restored their mil- Gov. Augustus W. itary reputations to a large degree Bradford’s Balti- in the court of public opinion. Wal- more home, cut tele- lace, who received Ulysses S. Grant’s graph lines, destroyed endorsement for his military service, parts of the Baltimore achieved lasting fame as the author & Ohio Railroad, fought Union soldiers, and seized Gen. Bradley T. of Ben-Hur. Early, whose writings Johnson enhanced the standing of Virginia hundreds of mules. Early Confederate generals in the war, is recalled Johnson on July 12, before he best known as the author of the “Lost reached Point Lookout to free the Con- Cause” rationale for the war’s course federate prisoners. He rejoined Early in and the Southern defeat. Silver Spring, and they withdrew to the Shenandoah Valley. H McCAUSLAND’S H HUNTER’S RAID RAID

nion Gen. David Hunter began marching south fter Confederate Gen. Jubal through the Shenandoah Val- A. Early returned to the ley on May 26, 1864, to drive Shenandoah Valley, he U out Confederate forces, destroy decided to retaliate for Union A resources, and wreck Lynchburg rail Gen. David Hunter’s “depredations” facilities. He defeated Gen. William E. there, including the burning of private “Grumble” Jones at Piedmont on June 5 homes. Early ordered Gens. John and then burned Virginia Military Insti- McCausland and Bradley T. Johnson to tute in Lexington, opening the path to lead their brigades into Lynchburg, where Hunter’s mission Pennsylvania, with ended in failure. An enemy attack on McCausland in com- Washington followed. mand. Chambers- Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee, burg, a major rail meanwhile, fought numerically superior center for the Cum- Union forces from the Wilderness south berland Valley Rail- through Spotsylvania Court House to road, was their tar- the North Anna River to Cold Harbor get. McCausland was near Richmond. He reduced his army by to obtain a ransom a quarter and ordered Gen. Jubal A. of $100,000 in gold or Early’s corps to Lynchburg to counter $500,000 in greenbacks Hunter. There, on June 17–18, Early or burn the town. Gen. John defeated Hunter and drove him into McCausland McCausland West Virginia, and then turned north on crossed the Potomac June 23 and marched down the Shenan- River on July 29 and skirmished with doah Valley toward the Federal capital, Union cavalry at Clear Spring and Han- in the Confederates’ last invasion. cock and along the National Road. The next day he entered Chambersburg. When the town failed to give the ransom, Hunter’s Raid and Early’s Staunton his men reduced it to ashes, destroyed maneuvers prior to the Brownsburg Battle of 25 miles Piedmont 500 buildings, and left 2,000 residents last invasion Lexington (Multiple Sites) homeless. He then marched west and Hunter’s Raid 81 Natural on July 31 entered Hancock, which 60 Early’s Attack Bridge McCausland threatened to burn unless on Washington a $30,000 ransom was paid. Johnson Buchanan 29 protested, almost to the point of mutiny, Lynchburg 11 Peaks (Multiple Sites) that the town was pro-Southern. The of Otter 81 43 460 221 arrival of Union cavalry spared Hancock Hanging Rock Roanoke 460 as the raiders withdrew to Moorefield, Bedford West Virginia, where Union cavalry (Multiple Sites) New London Jubal Early defeated them on August 7. Homeplace Westminster New 83 81 70 Windsor 1 2 3 Glen Cockeysville Jerusalem Ellen Mill Martinsburg Blackford’s Ford Middletown Frederick 95 Monocacy 895 Battle of National Battlefield WVA Kennedy Frederick Mariner Farm BALTIMORE Point Fort Urbana 70 Park Duncan

270 695 Purcellville Winchester Gaithersburg 95

Battle of Leesburg Rockville Cool Spring 295 Jesup Blair Park VA Battleground Fort National Stevens Cemetery 4 WASHINGTON, D.C.

66 495 95

1864 ATTACK ON WASHINGTON H Martinsburg – Part of General Early’s army occupied the H Battleground National Cemetery – Union soldiers killed town, July 3 in Early’s attack are buried here H Blackford’s Ford – Part of Early’s army crossed the H Fort Stevens – From here, President Lincoln observed Potomac River here, July 5 Early’s nearby attack on July 11 H Fort Duncan – Defended Harpers Ferry from Early’s threat, H Purcellville – Federal cavalry attacked Early’s wagon train July 4–7 and recovered some Maryland booty on July 16 H Kennedy Farm (View of Maryland Heights) – Early’s H Battle of Cool Spring – Early defeated pursuing Federals army passed here, John Brown’s 1859 staging point, on July 7 here on July 18, concluding his campaign H Middletown – On July 7–9, Major Gilmor and General H New Windsor – On July 9, Johnson’s men looted the town Ransom held the town hostage for a ransom payment H Westminster – Gilmor held the town for ransom on July 9 H Battle of Frederick – General Wallace delayed General H Capturing Cockeysville – Gilmor occupied the town on July Johnson’s advance to Frederick, July 7 10 and burned a Northern Central Railway bridge near here H Frederick (North Market St.) – A year after the Gettys- H Glen Ellen – Gilmor visited his parents at his childhood burg Campaign, Confederates returned here to demand and home on July 10 receive a ransom, July 9 H Jerusalem Mill – Gilmor’s raiders “requisitioned” clothes H Frederick (General Bradley T. Johnson) – Johnson led here, July 11 troops through his hometown, July 8 H Mariner Point Park (Gunpowder River) – Gilmor H Monocacy National Battlefield – Wallace delayed Early’s destroyed trains and railroad bridge here, July 11 army here, July 9, buying time for Washington, D.C., defenders McCAUSLAND’S CHAMBERSBURG RAID H Urbana – Union rearguard cavalry action here on July 10 (See Map 5) after Monocacy Bevansville – General McCausland paused here at 3 a.m. H Gaithersburg – Early’s army camped here July 10, before attacking Washington on August 1 to rest after riding through Hancock Folck’s Mill – Federal defenders rebuffed McCausland H Jesup Blair Park – The Jesup Blair House, still standing here, is just east of Early’s July 11–12 headquarters, here on August 1 where he occupied “Silver Spring,” another Blair house Oldtown – Union garrison here surrendered to McCausland after a fight near the B&O Rairoad on August 1 Map To Chambersburg Village of 418 Stateline 60 494 1 194 Emmitsburg 30 Crossing Leitersburg (Multiple Sites) 81 the Mason 140 and Dixon 58 60 Plumb Miller’s 15 Union Mills Grove Clear Farm Spring Wilson’s 63 11 Manchester Fairview Store Catoctin Mountain Taneytown Mountain 40 Hagerstown Smithsburg National Park (Multiple Sites) Shielding Cavalry Battle 70 the Army 64 C ARROLL 68 27 56 194 40 Williamsport Thurmont (C&O Canal NHP) Battle of 140 97 Funktown 550 77 Middleburg Williamsport 806 Old Frederick Road (Loy’s Station) Battle of 65 Uniontown Wagoners ALT 40 Union Westminster 68 Bridge 84 Torrey C. Brown Northern Central Rail Trail Catoctin R (Multiple Sites) Furnace E WASHINGTON V I Y 1864 Attack on Washington Site O Falling Waters R 66 R Devil’s K Jones’ 31 (C&O Canal NHP R Y Backbone D Bel Air Other Related 1864 Site Tow Path Access Only) Crossroads C 75 Court House Park A New Windsor Meade’s Battle of Woodsboro Route of General Early Boonsboro C 11 HQ O HARFORD N Capturing G U NP O 30 128 25 83 O W Route of General Johnson M Cockeysville 145 D 24 65 RD E R and Major Gilmor ILL R Boonsboro 194 550 ERM IV SHAWAN RD PAP E 140 R Other Civil War Trails Site 81 34 Washington BALTIMORE 146 C&O Canal NHP Antietam 15 31 147 M O Monument 40 Gambrill WOR U National THI N NG T TO Glen A National, State or County Park Keedysville State Park N F Cockeysville I Battlefield D A N Martinsburg Turner’s ALT A R Ellen DULANEY 17 Richfield Walkersville V E L R L E G VALLEY RD D 40 Libertytown S Gap D (Multiple Sites) I Antietam R Jerusalem R D D Information or Welcome Center 26 45 R RD D Reisterstown M R D Station 70 Y AR Mill R GR E GLE N M E L ALE 152 Fox’s Gap E L ANOR S 26 NSP RU Boat Launch – paddle access only R A MORGAN M JE I V Sharpsburg 67 N MI G Y LL RD 45 Middletown A E

V N E Ferry Hill Rose Hill 75 A L L O Boat Ramp Grove Farm C 1 U TREGO RD K Manor D R South Mountain A 7 Blackford’s Ford ALT V CA E 95 Shepherdstown N State Battlefield 40 Battle of N A D 146 D J L R R O T 17 P Rumsey R Frederick Frederick 795 PA D M 130 F O FREDERICK A Hampton National R Monument G (See Map 5) M Battle of E Crampton’s R 27 Historical Site R Shepherdstown T Gap 139 D

Prospect T U D RD Hall N 140 R E 144 New Market Robert E. 695 Y 26 Mariner Point Park 11 R Burkittsville Moler’s R Lee Park E CHESTGROV (Gunpowder River) F 43

Crossroads S

P R 40 Joins Map 2

E 180 40 P Monocacy A

R Back Door to Sykesville A Kennedy National Battlefield T

81 H Mount Airy Harpers Ferry A Farm 97 83 147 67 P 45 340 Jefferson 32 S 230 C 85 7 Fort Duncan 80 O 355 25 95 HARPER R FERRY RD Buckeystown I 80 V S 17 E 9 15 Urbana R WEST Buckeystown Park Cooksville P Brunswick Crimea Mansion/ M 340 O Leakin Park BALTIMORE I D T O 464 D VIRGINIA Harpers Ferry M A (Multiple Sites) B L C R 144 70 A E National Historical Park I V E R Carrollton 40 C R Charles Town 270 Loudon Park 895 K I V E Manor Sugarloaf Mountain R R (Multiple Sites) Hyattstown Cemetery I Point of Rocks Natural Area 27 Catonsville 695 V Library E Little Bennett R 28 Sugarloaf 144 95 Regional Park Ellicott Mountain HOWARD 166 City Lansdowne Comus Christian Church Licksville Clarksburg Stephenson Monocacy 29 (Tuscarora) 32 Depot R River Ford Oakland E 100 Thomas Viaduct 895 V Manor I Monocacy R Aqueduct H Barnesville A Elkridge Stonewall O 695 P A Jackson HQ D 9 109 175 Furnace Inn 15 T N A A 195 P S Y N C 340 E White’s O A H R B Beallsville Brookeville I V Winchester S Ford E R Glen Burnie 108 32 Baltimore/Washington E (Multiple Sites) K Museum 107 97 International Airport 28 A

Purcellville E White’s Ferry 100 Mile Hill Poolesville P Kernstown 7 355 MONTGOMERY A 29 S 370 E Battle of Cool Spring LEESBURG Dawsonville ANNE (Multiple Sites) 107 H

522 50 C Gaithersburg Savage 95 Mill ARUNDEL Loudoun Ball’s Darnestown Museum Bluff Park 28 Edwards 109 28 200 VIRGINIA Ferry Darnestown 295 15 97 175 112 7 Rowser’s Ford 586 (Seneca) Rockville 734 2 Oatlands P O T O M A C&O Canal NHP 270 PRINCE 3 Guilford C R I 17 Signal Station V E 190 Sandy Point R 97 GEORGE’S State Park 97 Dranesville 495 S Goose Creek Grace E V 50 Bridge Episcopal E R 301 Mosby’s Church Jesup Blair 1 N

Upperville Raid Park R Annapolis I Middleburg V 50 95 E Herndon Belair R Aldie Mill 7 Fort Battleground 450 Stevens National Mansion Cemetery S O Mt. Zion 29 U T 50 H Church 28 301 R I V E Freeman Fort Marcy NPS WASHINGTON, D.C. R Store/Museum Vienna Civil War 2 Fortification 123 29

Marshall 66 (Salem) Arlington House/ Taylor’s National Cemetery The Plains Tavern 295 234 66 Fairfax Museum Fairfax Court House 395 Manassas National Fort Ward Thoroughfare Battlefield Park Gap Alexandria St. Mary’s Church Blackburn’s Haymarket Ford 495 Fairfax Station 95

Manassas 95 Junction

Bristoe Station

Freestone Point Map To Chambersburg Village of 418 Stateline 60 494 194 2 Emmitsburg 30 Crossing Leitersburg (Multiple Sites) 81 the Mason 140 and Dixon 58 60 Plumb Miller’s 15 Union Mills Grove Clear Farm Spring Wilson’s 63 11 Manchester Fairview Store Catoctin Mountain Taneytown Mountain 40 Hagerstown Smithsburg National Park (Multiple Sites) Shielding Cavalry Battle 70 the Army 64 C ARROLL 68 27 56 194 40 Williamsport Thurmont (C&O Canal NHP) Battle of 140 97 Funktown 550 77 Middleburg Williamsport 806 Old Frederick Road (Loy’s Station) Battle of 65 Uniontown Wagoners ALT 40 Union Westminster 68 Bridge 84 Torrey C. Brown Northern Central Rail Trail Catoctin R (Multiple Sites) Furnace E WASHINGTON V I Y O Falling Waters R 66 R Devil’s Replica of armored battery K Jones’ 31 (C&O Canal NHP R Y Backbone D Bel Air Tow Path Access Only) Crossroads and rifle car C 75 Court House Park A New Windsor Meade’s Battle of Woodsboro Boonsboro Courtesy B&O Railroad Museum C 11 HQ O HARFORD N Capturing G U NP O 30 128 25 83 O W M Cockeysville 145 D 24 65 RD E R ILL R Boonsboro 194 550 ERM IV SHAWAN RD PAP E 140 R 81 34 Washington BALTIMORE 146 C&O Canal NHP Antietam 15 31 147 M O Monument 40 Gambrill WOR U National THI N NG T TO Glen A Keedysville State Park N F Cockeysville I Battlefield D A N Martinsburg Turner’s ALT A R Ellen DULANEY 17 Richfield Walkersville V E L R L E G VALLEY RD D 40 Libertytown S Gap D (Multiple Sites) I Antietam R Jerusalem R D D 26 45 R RD D Reisterstown M R D Station 70 Y AR Mill R GR E GLE N M E L ALE 152 Fox’s Gap E L ANOR S 26 NSP RU R A MORGAN M JE I V Sharpsburg 67 N MI G Y LL RD 45 Middletown A E

V N E Ferry Hill Rose Hill 75 A L L O Grove Farm C 1 U TREGO RD K Manor D R South Mountain A 7 Blackford’s Ford ALT V CA E 95 Shepherdstown N State Battlefield 40 Battle of N A D 146 D J L R R O T 17 P Rumsey R Frederick Frederick 795 PA D M 130 F O FREDERICK Hampton National A Monument G Shellman House, R (See Map 5) M Battle of E Crampton’s R 27 Historical Site R Shepherdstown T Gap Westminster 139 D

Prospect T U D Courtesy Historical Society RD Hall N 140 R E 144 New Market Robert E. 695 Y 26 Mariner Point Park 11 R Burkittsville Moler’s R of Carroll County Lee Park E CHESTGROV (Gunpowder River) F 43

Crossroads S

P R 40 Joins Map 1 Joins Map 3

E 180 40 P Monocacy A

R Back Door to Sykesville A Kennedy National Battlefield T

81 H Mount Airy Harpers Ferry A Farm 97 83 147 67 P 45 340 Jefferson 32 S 230 C 85 7 Fort Duncan 80 O 355 25 95 HARPER R FERRY RD Buckeystown I 80 V S 17 E 9 15 Urbana R WEST Buckeystown Park Cooksville P Brunswick Crimea Mansion/ M 340 O Leakin Park BALTIMORE I D T O 464 D VIRGINIA Harpers Ferry M A (Multiple Sites) B L C R 144 70 A E National Historical Park I V E R Carrollton 40 C R Charles Town 270 Loudon Park 895 K I V E Manor Sugarloaf Mountain R R (Multiple Sites) Hyattstown Cemetery I Point of Rocks Natural Area 27 Catonsville 695 V Library E Little Bennett R 28 Sugarloaf 144 95 Regional Park Ellicott Mountain HOWARD 166 City Lansdowne Comus Christian Church Licksville Clarksburg Stephenson Monocacy 29 (Tuscarora) 32 Depot R River Ford Oakland E 100 Thomas Viaduct 895 V Manor I Monocacy R Aqueduct H Barnesville A Elkridge Stonewall O 695 P A Jackson HQ D 9 109 175 Furnace Inn 15 T N A A Capture of the Flag 195 P S Y N C 340 E White’s Courtesy Monocacy O A H R B Beallsville Brookeville I V Winchester S Ford E R Glen Burnie National Battlefield 108 32 Baltimore/Washington E (Multiple Sites) K Museum 107 97 International Airport 28 A

Purcellville E White’s Ferry 100 Mile Hill Poolesville P Kernstown 7 355 MONTGOMERY A 29 S 370 E Battle of Cool Spring LEESBURG Dawsonville ANNE (Multiple Sites) 107 H

522 50 C Gaithersburg Savage 95 Mill ARUNDEL Loudoun Ball’s Darnestown Museum Bluff Park 28 Edwards 109 28 200 VIRGINIA Ferry Darnestown 295 15 97 175 112 7 Rowser’s Ford 586 (Seneca) Rockville 734 2 Oatlands P O T O M A C&OJoins Canal Map NHP 4 270 PRINCE 3 Guilford C R I 17 Signal Station V E 190 Sandy Point R 97 GEORGE’S State Park 97 Dranesville 495 S Goose Creek Grace E V 50 Bridge Episcopal E R 301 Mosby’s Church Jesup Blair 1 N

Manassas 95 Junction

Bristoe Station

Freestone Point Map To Chambersburg Village of 418 Stateline 60 494 194 3 Emmitsburg 30 Crossing Leitersburg (Multiple Sites) 81 the Mason 140 and Dixon 58 60 Plumb Miller’s 15 Union Mills Grove Clear Farm Spring Wilson’s 63 11 Manchester Fairview Store Catoctin Mountain Taneytown Mountain 40 Hagerstown Smithsburg National Park (Multiple Sites) Shielding Cavalry Battle 70 the Army 64 C ARROLL 68 27 56 194 40 Williamsport Thurmont (C&O Canal NHP) Battle of 140 97 Funktown 550 77 Middleburg Williamsport 806 Old Frederick Road (Loy’s Station) Battle of 65 Uniontown Wagoners ALT 40 Union Westminster 68 Bridge 84 Torrey C. Brown Northern Central Rail Trail Catoctin R (Multiple Sites) Furnace E Frederick Mayor Lincoln’s funeral train arrives at Harrisburg WASHINGTON V I Y O Falling Waters R 66 William G. Cole R Station via the Northern Central Railway on Devil’s K Jones’ 31 (C&O Canal NHP R Y Backbone Courtesy John Crawford D April 21, 1865 – Courtesy Railroad Museum Bel Air Tow Path Access Only) Crossroads C 75 Court House Park A New Windsor Meade’s Battle of Woodsboro of Pennsylvania Boonsboro C 11 HQ O HARFORD N Capturing G U NP O 30 128 25 83 O W M Cockeysville 145 D 24 65 RD E R ILL R Boonsboro 194 550 ERM IV SHAWAN RD PAP E 140 R 81 34 Washington BALTIMORE 146 C&O Canal NHP Antietam 15 31 147 M O Monument 40 Gambrill WOR U National THI N NG T TO Glen A Keedysville State Park N F Cockeysville I Battlefield D A N Martinsburg Turner’s ALT A R Ellen DULANEY 17 Richfield Walkersville V E L R L E G VALLEY RD D 40 Libertytown S Gap D (Multiple Sites) I Antietam R Jerusalem R D D 26 45 R RD D Reisterstown M R D Station 70 Y AR Mill R GR E GLE N M E L ALE 152 Fox’s Gap E L ANOR S 26 NSP RU R A MORGAN M JE I V Sharpsburg 67 N MI G Y LL RD 45 Middletown A E

V N E Ferry Hill Rose Hill 75 A L L O Grove Farm C 1 U TREGO RD K Manor D R South Mountain A 7 Blackford’s Ford ALT V CA E 95 Shepherdstown N State Battlefield 40 Battle of N A D 146 D J L R R O T 17 P Rumsey R Frederick Frederick 795 PA D M 130 F O FREDERICK A Hampton National R Monument G (See Map 5) M Battle of E Crampton’s R 27 Historical Site R Shepherdstown T Gap 139 D

Prospect T U D RD Hall N 140 R E 144 New Market Robert E. 695 Y 26 Mariner Point Park 11 R Burkittsville Moler’s R Lee Park E CHESTGROV (Gunpowder River) F 43

Crossroads S

P R 40 Joins Map 2

E 180 40 P Monocacy A

R Back Door to Sykesville A Kennedy National Battlefield T

Purcellville E White’s Ferry 100 Mile Hill Poolesville P Kernstown 7 355 MONTGOMERY A 29 S 370 E Battle of Cool Spring LEESBURG Dawsonville ANNE (Multiple Sites) 107 H

Manassas 95 Junction

Bristoe Station

Freestone Point To Chambersburg Village of 418 Stateline 60 494 194 Emmitsburg 30 Crossing Leitersburg (Multiple Sites) 81 the Mason 140 and Dixon 58 60 Plumb Miller’s 15 Union Mills Grove Clear Farm Spring Wilson’s 63 11 Manchester Fairview Store Catoctin Mountain Taneytown Mountain 40 Hagerstown Smithsburg National Park (Multiple Sites) Shielding Cavalry Battle 70 the Army 64 C ARROLL 68 27 56 194 40 Williamsport Thurmont (C&O Canal NHP) Battle of 140 97 Funktown 550 77 Middleburg Williamsport 806 Old Frederick Road (Loy’s Station) Battle of 65 Uniontown Wagoners ALT 40 Union Westminster 68 Bridge 84 Torrey C. Brown Northern Central Rail Trail Catoctin R (Multiple Sites) Furnace E WASHINGTON V I Y O Falling Waters R 66 R Devil’s K Jones’ 31 (C&O Canal NHP R Y Backbone D Bel Air Tow Path Access Only) Crossroads C 75 Court House Park A New Windsor Meade’s Battle of Woodsboro Boonsboro C 11 HQ O HARFORD N Capturing G U NP O 30 128 25 83 O W M Cockeysville 145 D 24 65 RD E R ILL R Boonsboro 194 550 ERM IV SHAWAN RD PAP E 140 R 81 34 Washington BALTIMORE 146 C&O Canal NHP Antietam 15 31 147 M O Monument 40 Gambrill WOR U National THI N NG T TO Glen A Keedysville State Park N F Cockeysville I Battlefield D A N Martinsburg Turner’s ALT A R Ellen DULANEY 17 Richfield Walkersville V E L R L E G VALLEY RD D 40 Libertytown S Gap D (Multiple Sites) I Antietam R Jerusalem R D D 26 45 R RD D Reisterstown M R D Station 70 Y AR Mill R GR E GLE N M E L ALE 152 Fox’s Gap E L ANOR S 26 NSP RU R A MORGA M JE I V Sharpsburg 67 N MI N G Y LL RD 45 Middletown A E

V N E Ferry Hill Rose Hill 75 A L L O Grove Farm C 1 U TREGO RD K Manor D R South Mountain A 7 Blackford’s Ford ALT V CA E 95 Shepherdstown N State Battlefield 40 Battle of N A D 146 D J L R R O T 17 P Rumsey R Frederick Frederick 795 PA D M 130 F O FREDERICK A Hampton National R Monument G (See Map 5) M Battle of E Crampton’s R 27 Historical Site R Shepherdstown T Gap 139 D

Prospect T U D RD Hall N 140 R E 144 New Market Robert E. 695 Y 26 Mariner Point Park 11 R Burkittsville Moler’s R Lee Park E CHESTGROV (Gunpowder River) F 43

Crossroads S

P R 40

E 180 40 P Monocacy A

R Back Door to Sykesville A Kennedy National Battlefield T

Purcellville E White’s Ferry 100 Mile Hill Poolesville P Kernstown 7 355 MONTGOMERY A 29 S 370 E Battle of Cool Spring LEESBURG Dawsonville ANNE (Multiple Sites) 107 H

522 50 C Gaithersburg Savage 95 Mill ARUNDEL Loudoun Ball’s Darnestown Museum Bluff Park 28 Edwards 109 28 200 VIRGINIA Ferry Darnestown 295 15 97 175 112 7 Rowser’s Ford Joins Map 2 586 (Seneca) Rockville 734 Map 2 Oatlands P O T O M A C&O Canal NHP 270 4 PRINCE 3 Guilford C R I 17 Signal Station V E 190 Sandy Point R 97 GEORGE’S State Park 97 Dranesville 495 S Goose Creek Grace E V 50 Bridge Episcopal E R 301 Mosby’s Church Jesup Blair 1 N

Manassas 95 Junction

Bristoe Station

Freestone Point

Company K, 3rd Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, Fort Stevens in Washington, D.C. – Courtesy Library of Congress Garrett County COLLEGE AVE Visitor Center Oakland Alice Fort 50 FREDERICK 219 Altamont W SOUTHST W ALLSAINTSST

W CHURCHST B ENTZ ST W 2NDST 68 135 W 3RDST

House Fritchie Barbara R

C Western

RECORD ST N 219 Clarysville Inn A

Port COUNCI T

N Mount Olivet

P A Hall City

T LS R Cemetery

D ICKS Cresaptown T 40 T

COURT ST 220 (Multiple Sites) Cumberland

355 MARKET ST Station B&O Railroad Kelley’s Patrick Streets Market & Hall Kemp National Museumof Island Civil WarMedicine Street Market North 220 (Multiple Sites) Battle ofFolck’sMill E ALLSAINTSST MAXWELLAVE ES E3 E E2 E County History Museum ofFrederick

C 4 ND RD TH

OUT H Oldtown

R ST ST ST HS C

S H T Bevansville

T General Bradley S CARROLL ST CHAPELALLEY

C WESTERN MARYLAND E PATRICKST

a T. Johnson

l l

r 40 e

S EAST ST NEAST ST 522 Hancock 70 Map 5 HHH TRAVEL RESOURCES HHH

For more information on the Civil War, recre- ation, and traveling in Maryland, please visit:

Maryland Office of Allegany County Tourism Tourism Development 13 Canal Street, Room 306 401 E. Pratt Street Cumberland, MD 21502 Baltimore, MD 21202 1-800-425-2067 1-877-333-4455 www.mdmountainside.com www.visitmaryland.org Baltimore County Tourism Council of Tourism and Promotion Biking on the C&O Canal Towpath Frederick County, Inc. 400 Washington Avenue 151 S. East Street Towson, MD 21204 Fort Stevens National Harpers Ferry National Frederick, MD 21701 1-410-887-4289 Historic Site Historical Park 1-800-999-3613 www.enjoybaltimorecounty.com c/o Rock Creek Park P.O. Box 65 www.fredericktourism.org 3545 Williamsburg Lane NW Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 Harford County Office Washington, D.C. 20015 1-304-535-6029 of Tourism 1-202-895-6070 www.nps.gov/hafe 220 S. Main Street www.nps.gov/cwdw/history Bel Air, MD 21014 culture/fort-stevens.htm Monocacy National Battlefield 1-410-638-3059 5201 Urbana Pike www.harfordmd.com Gunpowder Falls State Park Frederick, MD 21704 4813 Jerusalem Road 1-301-662-3515 CVB of Montgomery, MD, Inc. Kingsville, MD 21087 www.nps.gov/mono 111 Rockville Pike, Suite 800 1-410 592-2897 Rockville, MD 20850 http://dnr2.maryland.gov/ National Museum of 1-877-789-6904 publiclands/Pages/central/ Civil War Medicine www.visitmontgomery.com gunpowder.aspx 48 East Patrick Street Frederick, MD 21701 C&O Canal National Hampton National Historic Site 1-301-695-1864 Historical Park 535 Hampton Lane www.CivilWarMed.org Williamsport Visitor Center Towson, MD 21286 205 West Potomac Street 1-410-823-1309 Shenandoah Valley Williamsport, MD 21795 www.nps.gov/hamp Battlefields Foundation Downtown Frederick 1-301-582-0813 540-740-4545 www.nps.gov/choh Jerusalem Mill, www.shenandoahatwar.org Gunpowder Falls State Park Hagerstown-Washington Maryland Civil War Trails County CVB Mobile App 16 Public Square Play.google.com Hagerstown, MD 21740 www.apple.com 1-301-791-3246 Heart of Civil War Heritage www.marylandmemories.com Area Exhibit and Visitor Center Carroll County Office Historic Newcomer House of Tourism 18422 Shepherdstown Pike 225 N. Center Street Keedysville, MD 21756 Room 107 1-301-432-6402 Westminster, MD 21157 www.heartofthecivilwar.org 1-800-272-1933 www.carrollcountytourism.org MONOCACY RIVER

he Monocacy River Valley (Monnockkesey, as the Shaw- nee called it) was the focus of Thuman activity before and after the Civil War. For centuries, its rolling hillsides and gurgling tributar- ies offered both Native people and Euro- pean settlers a prime location to fish, FREDERICK farm, hunt, trade, and settle. During the BALTIMORE Civil War, this is where Union Gen. Lew Wallace delayed Confederate Gen. Jubal WASHINGTON, D.C. A. Early’s advance on Washington in the Brochure Design by Communication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA Battle of Monocacy. Visitors can now experience the river’s natural beauty, tranquility, and history, on the Monocacy Scenic River Water Trail, which follows almost 42 RICHMOND miles of the waterway. Nonmotorized craft like kayaks and canoes have nine access sites. Small fishing boats can use boat ramps when water levels are adequate. The best times to paddle are Allegany, Baltimore, Carroll, Frederick, spring to midsummer and late fall to Harford, Montgomery, winter. For water trail information and and Washington counties. a map, visit www.recreater.com.

Monocacy Aqueduct Download the Maryland Civil War Trails app from Apple or Google Play to discover Civil War history and fun things to see and do along the way.

For more information on other Civil War Trails, call toll-free: 1.888.248.4597

www.visitmaryland.org