Cubbing on the North Shore1

By John L. Ropiequet Highland Park Pack 31 and Highland Park Troop 324 (Successor to Troops 32 and 34)

December 2016 (rev. March 2017)

Cub Scouting, known as Cubbing in early years,2 became a formal program of the (“BSA”) in early 1930,3 but it had a long history in the communities that were part of the North Shore Area Council (“NSAC”) well before that year, under several names. This paralleled the development of the program in Britain, where the Boy Scouts Association set up Junior Scout and Wolf Cub schemes starting in 1914.4 Lord Baden-Powell formalized the Wolf Cub program in 1916 as something that would be separate and distinct from the Boy Scout program, with different uniforms and a Wolf Cub’s Handbook that he drafted based on Rudyard Kipling’s Jungle Book universe. The Wolf Cub program was designed for pre-Boy Scout age boys, who could not officially become Boy Scouts until age 12.

Early Cubbing Activities

Early mentions of Cubbing activities prior to establishment of the formal Cub Scout program in 1930 are fragmentary and have been gleaned, for the most part, from an intensive review of church bulletins published in the Wilmette newspaper that listed meeting times for church-sponsored groups, including Cubbing groups as well as Boy Scout, Girl Scout, and Girl troops. The announcements also occasionally added some narrative descriptions of activities, which gives some evidence of what the Cubbing groups did. Announcements that mentioned Cubbing groups generally appeared during the school-year periods of mid-September through mid-December and January through mid-June. There were few standalone news articles about the Cubbing groups except for the Kenilworth group discussed below.

Based on this information, it is clear that some organized Cubbing activities were going on in Wilmette as early as 1922, in Kenilworth starting in 1924, and in Highland Park in 1925 that continued until the official start of the BSA’s Cubbing program in 1930-31. Before 1922, there are two items indicating that what would now be considered Cubbing was occurring elsewhere in the North Shore communities.

One 1913 news item in the Wilmette paper detailed recent outings for Evanston Troops 1, 2, 3, and 7 that included a 13-mile hike from Evanston to Chicago City Hall under Scoutmasters H.A. Clauson and Benjamin Pope of Troop 2.5 Among the seven Scouts on the hike was “Tenderfoot Scout Henry Clauson, who is only 9 years old and the youngest scout in the Chicago district. The only trouble the scoutmaster had with him was to get him past windows where anything to eat was displayed; he had to be blindfolded."6

An item in the Libertyville paper in 1915 mentioned that the Junior Boy Scouts of the Libertyville Presbyterian Church performed a drill after Sunday School in which they “built a

peace ladder placing the flag of the church and the flag of the United States upon the top, giving the symbols of each round as they builded [sic] it.”7 This was followed by “a short talk of the work of the Boy Scouts” and of the local bird club.8 This was two years after the first mention of Libertyville Boy Scout Troop 1, which was well enough established to set up a summer camp at Long Lake near Fox Lake, Illinois in August 1913 with Scoutmaster Rev. Edward S. White, Assistant Scoutmaster Mark Ellsworth, and five Scouts.9

St. Augustine’s Episcopal Church (Wilmette)

The bulletins of St. Augustine’s Episcopal Church listed a Pioneer group, sometimes called Pioneer Cadets, as early as February 1922.10 One announcement that month stated that the group, the church’s boys club, “instead of having the usual indoor meeting, enjoyed an afternoon country hike,” suggesting some prior history for the group earlier in the 1921-22 school year.11 The Pioneers were later described as “St. Augustine’s Club for younger boys.”12

In January 1923, the Pioneer Cadets and the Boy Scouts (Troop 4) of the church made a five-mile hike under Scoutmaster Pearson L. Herrington to a property that the church had recently been given to use as a camping site which “the boys were keenly interested to see” and make plans for future outings.13 Two months later, both groups gave a farewell present of a set of military brushes in a case to Herrington, who “for some time has done splendid work among the boys of the Parish and has endeared himself to them all through his efforts on their behalf.”14 The Pioneer Cadets’ new director was to be the church’s curate, Rev. Leland H. Danforth, assisted by Robert Kenyon, while Clarke Leach, who had experience with the Chicago Scouts, would take over the Scout troop.15 The church’s Boy Scout Executive Committee of five men planned activities for both Scouts and Pioneer Cadets under Scoutmaster Leach.16 Both groups marched in the Wilmette Memorial Day parade, while the Scouts did well that afternoon at an inter-troop rally and contest.17

When the Boy Scouts’ opening meeting of the fall was announced in September 1923 under Scoutmaster Leach, it was noted that the Pioneer Cadets, “the society for boys younger than the Boy Scout age,” would have their first meeting later.18 The Pioneers were next mentioned in January 1924 as resuming their meetings under Scoutmaster Kenyon.19 Only a couple of later mentions of the group have been found in the church bulletins, suggesting that the Pioneers continued to meet as late as October 1925. It should be noted that mentions of Troop 4, which was an active unit that appeared numerous times in Scouting news columns during the 1920s, were very sparse in the St. Augustine’s bulletins throughout the period, unlike the bulletins of the Congregational, Methodist, Presbyterian, and Baptist Churches, which regularly listed troop meetings when those churches had Boy Scout troops, so the lack of any listing of Pioneer meetings may or may not indicate that the group ceased to exist.

Wilmette Methodist Church

The Wilmette Methodist Church planned to start a Boy Scout troop (Troop 3) in January 1922 as soon as it could obtain a scoutmaster.20 Organization appears to have been completed the following month, and “Juniors” were being organized as well.21 The meeting times for both groups were regularly mentioned starting in March, the Boy Scouts under Scoutmaster Stokes and Assistant Scoutmaster Bentley, while the Junior Scouts met under Junior Scoutmaster L.F. Todd.22

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By the end of March, when the Boy Scout troop had finished its charter application and sent it to New York for approval, 40 Junior Scouts were in attendance at Byron C. Stolp School for an hour of “games, drills, and reports” under Todd and two assistants, Pierre Bontecou and Elmer Williams.23

The Junior Scouts had another meeting at the school in April 1922, when the bulletin announced that the church’s Boy Scout troop had just been notified that the National Council in New York was granting it a charter.24 The church’s annual June field day program at the forest preserve at Dundee Road and the Des Plaines River featured races for “[p]icked teams from the Junior and Senior Boy Scouts” as well as a Scout drill by the 70 Boy Scouts directed by Capt. T.E. Bullivant.25 This was followed by a camp at Diamond Lake, Illinois in July for the Junior Boy Scouts led by Bontecou following a rally “full of enthusiasm, songs, speeches, plans and announcements” that overflowed the chapel.26 The following winter, the church hosted a free father and son rally dinner in March 1923 featuring Mr. Mitchell, Assistant National Director of the BSA, as speaker which was planned to attract 91 men in addition to the 18 on the committee, plus 100 boys.27 Plans were also made in April for summer camp.28

The Methodist Church’s bulletins contained regular meeting announcements for the Junior Boy Scouts for the 1923-24 through 1929-30 school years, although the record is not entirely complete since the January through September 1925 issues of the Wilmette paper are missing and the fall 1927 issues are illegible.29 In October 1925, the meetings of the Junior Scouts, under E.M. Bennit, had a standard agenda: “[a]ssembly, Ted Buck, Bugler; devotions; roll call; inspection of patrols; salute to flag; drill and instruction; games; story; dismissal,” with a note that 59 boys had attended the previous meeting.30

When the church purchased a 24-acre tract for its summer camp, Camp Wilmette, on the Paw Paw River near Watervliet, Michigan in 1926, the schedule included the Junior Scouts for June 28 through July 12, as well as time slots for the church’s four Girl Scout troops and its Boy Scout Troops 3 and 6.31 In a report following the Junior Scouts’ trip, it was noted that the Senior Scouts would be limited to 50 registrants.32

In February 1927, the bulletin stated that the Junior Scouts would be led by Mr. Gearhart, an “experienced boys’ worker from Evanson.”33 In May 1928, the Junior Scouts were to be led by Willard Osburn, while the Senior Scouts would be led by Lester Ball.34 In October 1928, a Junior Boy Scout invited boys to join the troop to prepare for joining Boy Scouts at its weekly meetings through June.35 Osburn took over Troop 3 in September 1929 after being “in charge of the junior boys for the past few years,” and was succeeded by Ted Mayer, who subsequently became cubmaster of Wilmette’s second Cub pack as described below.36

Wilmette Congregational Church

The Wilmette Congregational Church, which sponsored Troop 2, sometimes called Troop II or Roosevelt Troop 2, also started a Cubbing group in early 1922. It announced the formation of “‘[t]he Wolf Cubs,’ an organization for boys ten and eleven years of age” in March 1922, when Troop 2 met in two sections, Company A and Company B.37 Meeting times for the Wolf Cubs were listed in the bulletins for March through June 1922, then resumed for February through June

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1923.38 However, except for one isolated mention of the Wolf Cubs in November 1925, they did not appear in the church’s bulletins again until January through May 1926, although Troop 2 was listed every week during the school year, suggesting that Wolf Cubs may not have continued to meet consistently through the 1923-24 and 1924-25 school years.39

The Congregational Church’s bulletins listed a Boys Club that met regularly from January through June 1927, and subsequently through the 1929-30 school year.40 The group was led by Assistant Minister William E. McCormack through at least the fall of 1928, with assistant leaders Joe Swan and Howard West named in early 1928.41 Entries in fall 1929 and spring 1930 show that the Boys Club was, in effect, a successor to the Wolf Cubs, describing it as for boys of “pre- Boy Scout age,” making scrapbooks, going on hikes, and visiting the Field Museum.42 During that school year, the Boys Club was led by J.C. Mead, who became Wilmette’s first cubmaster the next school year, as described below.43

Wilmette Baptist Church

The Wilmette Baptist Church had its own Wolf Cubs in January 1924, under Mr. Bennett.44 The Baptist Wolf Cubs were regularly listed in the church’s bulletins through June 1924, then again in January through June 1926, with two isolated listings in October 1924 and December 1925.45 They were not mentioned again in the bulletins, although the church’s new Troop 8 was listed regularly after it was formed.

Wilmette Presbyterian Church

The Wilmette Presbyterian Church’s Junior Boy Scouts were listed regularly in the church’s bulletins through at least December 1924 after they were first mentioned in January 1923.46 In February 1923, it was stated that as of Scout Sunday, the “regular Boy Scouts” expected to be augmented shortly by some of the 40 Junior Scouts, indicating that the program had a successful past history.47 Junior Boy Scout meetings were regularly part of the schedule, along with meetings of Boy Scout Troop 5.48 The Junior Scouts joined Troop 5 on an all-day hike in September 1923 and for a father and son dinner in March at which Walter H. Gunn, Commissioner for the North Shore District in Chicago, was the featured speaker.49 The 50 Junior Scouts planned to put on an exhibition to go along with the Boy Scouts’ “very realistic fire rescue drill” and awards presentation.50

The Presbyterian Junior Scouts became Boy Rangers in October 1925 in conjunction with the hiring of Harold White, a Northwestern football star, to run the church’s gymnasium and winter recreational activities.51 White had Boy Scout experience and was to direct Troop 5 as well as the new Boy Rangers Lodge program, described as “developed especially for boys of this age [8 to 12]. It is intended to be preliminary to the regular ‘Boy Scout’ work, and is founded on Indian customs.”52 White’s replacement, Kennedy Dodds, was hired from the athletic department of Denver University in September 1926 and took over the Boy Rangers at that time.53

The Boy Rangers were regularly listed in the church’s bulletins through February 1926 and during the 1926-27 through 1928-29 school years until February 1929.54 At that time, the bulletins listed separate meetings of Troop 5 and Troop 5B without a meeting for the Boy Rangers for about

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a month, then referred to a meeting of the church’s “troops,” with Troop 5B disappearing as a separate entity, possibly due to the Boy Rangers all reaching age 12.55

Highland Park Boy Rangers

The Boy Rangers of America was started in 1913 and incorporated in New York in 1918.56 Although James E. West felt that having a program for younger boys as part of the BSA would draw boys away from its core Boy Scout program, he encouraged the formation of the Boy Rangers as a separate organization.

In Highland Park, Herbert R. Smith, as Ranger Guide for National Lodge No. 192, reported in February 1925 that a Boy Rangers lodge had been started in September 1924.57 He described its functions as follows:

It embodies the same aims and ideals as the scouts but makes use of Indian lore in the expression of its activities. Each boy has a real Indian name, belongs to a particular tribe, and plays at being a good Indian. The central aim is the acting out in daily life of the twelve great laws [Trusty, Loyal, Helpful, etc., with explanation9s in rhyming couplets].58

Smith also issued a plea for more parents to join the group as guides “to direct the work” since his Blackfoot tribe was “overcrowded” and he had “applications in hand to form one or more

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new tribes.”59 He remained in charge of the Highland Park Boy Rangers until 1927, becoming Scoutmaster of Highland Park Troop 33 in 1928, after NSAC was formed.60 Notably, as a scoutmaster, Smith was the first person in the United States to achieve the rank of Eagle at the same time as two sons, in July 1929.61 The only other mentions of Lodge 192 were in connection with its attendance at the annual father-son banquet at the Highland Park Presbyterian Church in November 1929, in which Mr. Sedgwick led the lodge in providing much of the program with demonstrations, joined by Smith as Scoutmaster of Troop 33 and Scoutmaster Henry L. Anderson of the church’s Troop 34.62

Vista Del Lago Cubs

Another Cubbing program was the Vista Del Lago Cubs, which met at the Vista Del Lago Club in No Man’s Land between Wilmette and Kenilworth.63 The first mention of it was in December 1927, when it was reported that 50 of the boys’ mothers attended a program presented by the 73 members of the troop, under the direction of Louis C. Simmel of the Club.64 It was noted that the troop was “said to be the largest in the United States for its age, having at the age of 10 months an enrollment of 73 members.”65 Two members of the Vista Del Lago Cubs reported on a weekend hike by train to the Wisconsin Dells by 85 Cubs in March 1928.66 The Cubs also shared with Vista Del Lago Boy Scout Troop 12, under Simmel’s direction as Scoutmaster, in the 2,500 tickets donated by the manager of the Teatro Del Lago as a fundraiser for the units.67 No further mention of the Vista Del Lago Cubs has been found.

Kenilworth Junior Hiking Club

Yet another Cubbing group, the Kenilworth Junior Hiking Club, was formed in May 1924 for boys under age 12, led by Scoutmaster Robert W. Townley of Kenilworth Troop 1 (now Troop 13), Kenilworth’s Recreation Director.68 Townley was reportedly one of the first nine Boy Scouts in Milwaukee, starting in February 1910.69 The BSA recognized him as a 20-year veteran in March 1931.70

The first planned hike for the 13 charter Junior Hikers was from Kenilworth to Camp Hinall, “a point within two and a half miles of Glencoe.”71 Unlike the Cubbing groups that were affiliated with Wilmette churches, the Kenilworth Junior Hiking Club frequently had standalone news items of its own in the Wilmette and Glencoe papers that presumably were submitted by Townley. For example, an item in December 1927 reported that the Junior Hikers had completed their third hike of the season “to the Kenilworth beach, where they engaged in numerous outdoor sports and cooked their own dinner under the tutelage of Mr. Townley.”72 Like the reports about the Boy Rangers, Townley repeatedly stressed that the Junior Hikers were not part of the Boy Scout organization in somewhat legal-sounding language:

The club, which has been in existence for a number of years and was originally founded by Mr. Townley, has as its fundamental purpose the giving of boys under Scout age an opportunity to get out-of-doors and to enjoy all of the activities that are engaged in by their older brothers. While the program arranged for them includes a large number of the features contained in the Scout program, it is not in any way connected with nor patterned after it, the national Scout movement

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having no sanctioned junior organization and prohibiting under its articles of incorporation the formation of any such group utilizing the name or symbols of Scouting.73

The Junior Hikers program was quite successful. At a meeting in April 1928 during “the club’s fourth successful year,” the 50 members of the club were expected to initiate 20 new members.74 Seventy-five boys were expected to attend the organizational meeting in October 1928, although it was later reported that 60 were in attendance when they chose their officers and divided into six groups to meet at the boys’ homes.75 A 1921 initial formation date was also reported at that time, which may perhaps be accounted for by a hiatus in the club’s activities before May 1924.76

The Junior Hikers also had indoor activities. The 75 members of the club staged their first hobby show and a drill contest at the Joseph Sears School in Kenilworth in March 1929.77 They also planned a vaudeville show, and Townley gave them a buffalo skull to use as a prize for the best stunt.78 Other activities included 87 of the Hikers participating in the Kenilworth Memorial Day parade in May 1929, joined by 66 Scouts from Troop 13, after 74 Hikers (with 6 reported absent) participated in a hike to Chipilly Ridge (now Chipilly Woods Forest Preserve) west of Glencoe in April, filling 15 cars to get there, and 5 Hikers graduated to the Boy Scout troop.79

In the fall of 1929, the Junior Hikers had an organizational meeting in September, followed by their first hike to Chipilly Ridge and a trip with Townley to scout out new campsites.80 By the end of the month, 8 clubs of 10 boys each had been formed.81 Forty-five Junior Hikers attended a Northwestern football game in October, while 30 Kenilworth Boy Scouts acted as ushers.82 At the same time, 90 Junior Hikers and 50 Boy Scouts worked to clean up the athletic field at Sears School.83 Ninety of them were expected at the monthly rally at Sears School in November where they would receive their Junior Hiker emblems.84 Winter activities included “[a] squirrel hunt, game of war, treasure hunt and skating” on the North Branch of the Chicago River at Camp Howell west of Glencoe on hikes as well as another stunt contest.85

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In anticipation of the arrival of the official Cubbing program, the Junior Hikers became Wolf-Cubs in February 1930 for the members aged 9 to 11, while the Junior Hiker name was to continue for 8 year olds.86 Two Wolf-Cub dens were formed immediately, with each having a Boy Scout to act as chief.87 Seven dens had formed by the end of the month.88 Notably, this transition occurred just days before the National Council of the BSA formally approved the Cubbing program, which had been run on an “experimental basis” in other parts of the country.89 NSAC noted that “[u]nder this approval the approximately 700 scout executives in the United States will have the opportunity gradually to make the ‘Cub’ program available in their respective areas as they are prepared to meet conditions and carry the program forward.”90 In March 1930, Townley announced an organizational meeting for the Cubs of Kenilworth and had 70 of them signed up with two months.91

The Start of the Official Cubbing Program

The first mention of the BSA’s plans for Cubbing in the local papers came in May 1929, when NSAC’s weekly column reported that at its annual meeting, the BSA committee in charge of “arranging a younger-boy program” had decided “to create a junior organization for boys of nine, ten, and eleven, who will be known as ‘Cubs’” and would be eligible to become Boy Scouts at age 12.92 In October, it was reported at a Region 7 training conference in Chicago that the program was “ready to be tried out” with “experimental stations” to be set up around the country, with the hope that NSAC “might get one of these stations.”93 As noted above, the formal launching of the program was announced by BSA in February 1930, and NSAC reported in June that it was “one of the few councils allowed to experiment with the Cub movement,” with 10 Cub packs already in existence.94

Not surprisingly, the first pack registered in NSAC was Pack 60 in Kenilworth, described as the first pack to be registered between Chicago and Milwaukee, with 59 Cubs under Townley as cubmaster on the initial roster in June 1930.95 Pack 60 Cub Jimmy Olin, the first NSAC Cub to have an official Cub uniform, gave a three-minute report to the NSAC executive board on the

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Cubbing program in October 1930 when the board decided to add staff to develop the Cub and Sea Scout programs.96 Townley announced the registration of 12 more Cubs at the same time that NSAC announced in January 1931 that it would have a field executive on hand to handle the new Cub packs, along with providing the general requirements for registration.97 It was emphasized that the Cub program was “entirely separate and distinct from that of Scouting,” that the uniform was also “entirely different,” and that “[t]hese boys are Cubs and are not ‘Cub Scouts’ or ‘Junior Scouts’ either in name or in any other sense.”98 This usage continued until at least the end of 1931, although one report from the Wilmette Methodist Church in May 1930 referred to the large room set aside for its Boy Scout troop “and a group of Cub Scouts.”99

Pack 60’s activities continued the Junior Hikers program, in large part. In September 1930, 56 of the 61 registered Cubs went on a hike to NSAC’s Cabin in the Woods west of Glencoe and managed to get their pictures in the Chicago Tribune.100 The Pack 60 Cubs had a skating hike to Chipilly Ridge in December, clamored to do it again, and planned to do so in February 1930.101 After re-registering with 60 Cubs, the pack held a hobby show in March 1930 jointly with the Kenilworth Junior Hikers and Boy Scouts.102 Although 1,100 people attended the 1929 hobby show, a big snowstorm held attendance down to 400 for the 1930 show.103 Of note is that Kenilworth had a population of 2,501 in 1930.104 In addition to local weekend hikes, some Pack 60 Cubs went to Lake Geneva with Townley for a weekend campout.105 They also joined the Junior Hikers, the Boy Scouts, and the Girl Scouts for a Kenilworth Halloween party that had 450 in attendance.106

Cubbing picked up speed through the end of 1931, with more packs formed in more NSAC towns.107 The second unit registered was Pack 6 at North Shore Methodist Church in Glencoe with Rev. Harold C. Case as cubmaster and 11 Cubs.108 Glencoe Pack 6 held its first court of honor and hobby show at North Shore Methodist Church in February 1931.109 At the same time,

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an informal group referring to themselves as Junior Boy Scouts headed by Cubmaster H.L. Beach and Star Scout Jim Kingery began meeting at the Wilmette Baptist Church and elsewhere, quickly reaching the limit of 16 members that they stated was recommended by BSA.110

The third registered pack was organized in January 1931 at the Wilmette Congregational Church with 33 members under Cubmaster J. Claire Mead, the church’s Director of Religious Education and leader of its Boys Club, assisted by another six adult leaders and a pack committee chaired by E. Urner Goodman, Scout Executive of the Chicago Council.111 Designated as Pack 63, it began meeting at the end of January 1931.112 It submitted reports of its activities to the weekly NSAC news column similar to the reports submitted by Boy Scout troop scribes.113

NSAC reported 5 packs with 109 Cubs organized as of the end of December 1930.114 On this list were Pack 60, Pack 6, Pack 47 at Glencoe Union Church with Cubmaster J.E. Baldwin, Pack 63 (including Cub Theodore Goodman), and Pack 56 at Wilmette Methodist Church with Cubmaster Theodore Mayer, a former Junior Boy Scout leader.115 Within two more months, there were 8 packs in the council, including Pack 65 at Ravinia School in Highland Park under Cubmaster R.D. Wilder.116 The ninth pack was Pack 69 at Lake Forest Methodist Church under Cubmaster Rev. Allen Billman.117 A pack was registered at St. James Catholic Church in Highwood in May 1931 under Cubmaster P.W. Siegale, when Pack 66 in Northbrook under Cubmaster H.E. Parsonage reorganized its dens.118

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NSAC also worked to organize the Cubbing movement, starting with the hiring of S.J. Demorest in January 1931 as an Assistant Scout Executive in charge of both the Cub and the Sea Scout programs.119 A four-session training course for Cub leaders was held in January through April featuring presentations by Rev. Case, NSAC Field Executive Harold G. Boltz, and others.120 In addition, Dr. C.V. Nichols of Highland Park, a future NSAC president (1942-43), was named chairman of the Council Cub Committee.121 Dr. Nichols began a new Cub leader instruction course at Elm Place School in Highland Park in December 1931.122 As of that time, NSAC had 450 Cubs in 16 packs.123

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Photos: Herbert R. Smith and sons HPS054 (7/11/1929 – cover) Robert W. Townley WLS1323 (4/26/1929 – 30) Robert W. Townley Courtesy of Charles Barnes, Jr. Cub James Olin GCS449 (6/28/1930 – 22) Rev. Harold Case GCS054 (2/12/1927 – cover) George and Theodore Goodman WLS1274 (12/21/1928 – 11) E. Urner Goodman WLS1512 (11/7/1930 – 3) C.J. Demorest NSAC270 (11/6/1930 – 6)

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Harold G. Boltz NSAC291 (1/22/1931 – 2) A.C. Ropiequet & Dr. C.V. Nichols Courtesy of John L. Ropiequet Cub Illustration WLS1649 (11/26/1931 – cover)

1 References are to coded references from the Highland Park Press, available on microfilm at the Highland Park, Illinois Public Library, with dates and page numbers for “HPS” and “NSAC” codes. Page numbers in second or third sections of the newspaper are shown thus: 2:3, 3:8. “EVS” and “WLS” indicate coded references to the Wilmette Life, available online from the Wilmette, Illinois Public Library at http://history.wilmettelibrary.info/241/Exhibit. “LVS” indicates coded references to the Libertyville Independent, available online from the Cook Memorial Public Library in Libertyville, Illinois at http://vitacollections.ca/cmpldnewsindex/2514266/data. “GCS” indicates a coded reference to the Glencoe News, available on microfilm at the Glencoe, Illinois Public Library. 2 E.g., NSAC305 (2/5/1931 – 23). 3 NSAC200 (2/27/1930 – 25), WLS1446 (2/28/1930 – 56), GCS407 (3/1/1930 – 34). 4 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cub_Scout. 5 EVS010 (3/27/1913 – 10). 6 EVS010 (3/27/1913 – 10). 7 LVS014 (6/25/1915 – 2). 8 LVS014 (6/25/1915 – 2). 9 LVS011 (8/29/1913 – 5). 10 WLS050B (2/3/1922 – 10). 11 WLS054 (2/10/1922 – 9). 12 WLS056A (4/7/1922 – 18). 13 WLS067A (1/5/1923 – 4). The July-December 1923 issues of the Wilmette paper are not available. 14 WLS073 (2/16/1923 – 10), WLS074 (3/9/1923 – 10). 15 WLS073 (2/16/1923 – 10), WLS074 (3/9/1923 – 10). 16 WLS074A (3/16/1923 – 10). 17 WLS084A (6/1/1923 – 11). 18 WLS097 (9/14/1923 – 18). 19 WLS103 (1/11/1924 – 10). 20 WLS050A (1/13/1923 – 6). 21 WLS054 (2/19/1922 – 9), WLS054A (2/17/1922 – 9). 22 WLS055A (3/3/1922 – 10), WLS056 (3/10/1922 – 10), WLS056A (3/17/1922 – 13). 23 WLS057 (3/31/1922 – 14). 24 WLS058 (4/14/1922 – 11). 25 WLS064 (5/26/1922 – 2), WLS64A (6/2/1922 – 9). 26 WLS065 (6/16/1922 – 4). 27 WLS073B (3/2/1923 – 10). 28 WLS076D (4/20/1923 – 19). 29 E.g., WLS069A (1/26/1923 – 10), WLS076D (4/20/1923 – 19), WLS109C (2/22/1924 – 10), WLS128A (6/20/1924 – 10), WLS131B (9/19/1924 – 18), WLS178 (9/17/1926 – 14), WLS1032A (2/25/1927 – 12), WLS1190C (5/4/1928 – 26), WLS1246A (9/28/1928 – 56), WLS1288A (1/18/1929 – 40), WLS1433A (1/31/1930 – 12). 30 WLS145B (10/23/1925 – 10), WLS147 (10/30/1925 – 30). 31 WLS171 (6/11/1926 – 3). 32 WLS172 (7/16/1926 – 12). 33 WLS1029C (2/11/1927 – 15). 34 WLS1190C (5/4/1928 – 26), WLS1240A (9/21/1928 – 24). 35 WLS1240 (9/21/1928 – 22). 36 WLS1370 (9/27/1929 – 23), WLS1389A (10/25/1929 – 60). 37 WLS056A (3/17/1922 – 13), WLS057 (3/24/1922 – 14). 38 E.g., WLS064B (6/9/1922 – 5), WLS073A (2/23/1923 10), WLS084A (6/1/1923 – 10). 39 E.g., WLS150 (11/27/1925 – 32), WLS153A (1/8/1926 – 32), WLS161A (3/5/1926 – 38), WLS170H (5/28/1926 – 37).

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40 E.g,, WLS1026A (2/4/1927 – 12), WLS1087A (6/3/1927 – 12), WLS1157A (1/27/1928 – 13), WLS1205A (6/8/1928 – 20, WLS1246A (9/28/1928 – 56), WLS1281A (1/11/1929 – 12), WLS1322B (4/19/1929 – 51), WLS1392A (11/1/1929 – 58), WLS1443A (2/21/1930 – 46). 41 WLS1157A (1/27/1928 – 13), WLS1173A (3/16/1928 – 50), WLS1251A (10/26/1928 – 64). 42 WLS1370A (9/27/1929 – 24), WLS1392A (11/1/1929 – 58), WLS1440A (2/14/1930 – 52), WLS1450A (3/21/1930 – 18). 43 WLS1430A (1/24/1930 – 50), WLS1440A (2/14/1930 – 52), WLS1450A (3/21/1930 – 18), WLS1543 (1/19/1931 – 33). 44 WLS102 (1/4/1924 – 10); WLS103 (1/11/1924 – 11). 45 E.g., WLS109 (1/18/1924 – 11), WLS115A (3/21/1924 – 18), WLS126A (6/13/1924 – 10), WLS136A (10/17/1924 – 25), WLS151C (12/11/1925 – 44), WLS156A (1/15/1926 – 28), WLS161C (3/5/1926 – 41), WLS170I (6/4/1926 – 37). 46 E.g., WLS067A (1/5/1923 – 4), WLS069 (1/19/1923 – 10), WLS084B (6/1/1923 – 11), WLS097C (9/28/1923 – 18), WLS103A (1/11/1924 – 11), WLS120E (5/16/1924 – 11), WLS131A (9/12/1924 – 10), WLS143C (12/12/1924 – 26). 47 WLS073 (2/16/1923 – 10). 48 E.g., WLS074A (3/16/1923 – 11), WLS076A (4/13/1923 – 26), WLS076D (4/20/1923 – 19), WLS097B (9/14/1923 – 19). 49 WLS097C (9/28/1923 – 18), WLS111 (2/29/1924 – 10); WLS112 (2/29/1924 – 17). 50 WLS112 (2/29/1924 – 17). 51 WLS144 (10/1/1925 – 2). 52 WLS144 (10/1/1925 – 2). 53 WLS179 (9/171926 – 16). 54 E.g., WLS144B (10/1/1925 – 13), WLS145C (10/23/1925 – 14), WLS149C (11/27/1925 – 30), WLS158A (1/29/1926 – 33), WLS179A (10/1/1926 – 15), WLS1017A (1/7/1927 – 14), WLS1084A (5/27/1927 – 9), WLS1157B (1/27/1928 – 14), WLS1205A (6/8/1928 – 20), WLS1251A (10/26/1928 – 64), WLS1281A (1/11/1929 – 12). 55 WLS1302A (2/15/1929 – 46), WLS1305B (3/1/1929 – 47), WLS1310A (3/22/1929 – 58). 56 See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy_Rangers_of_America. 57 HPS1049 (2/12/1925 – 7). 58 HPS1049 (2/12/1925 – 7). 59 HPS1049 (2/12/1925 – 7). 60 HPS085 (11/20/1930 – 4). 61 HPS054 (7/11/1929 – cover); HPS055 (7/11/1929 – 1). 62 HPS061 (11/7/1929 – 1); NSAC167 (11/14/1929 – 28). 63 See generally https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land,_Illinois; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_del_Lago; http://history.wilmettelibrary.info/69699/data. 64 WLS1144 (12/16/1927 – 62), GCS155 (12/17/1927 – 14). 65 WLS1144 (12/16/1927 – 62), GCS155 (12/17/1927 – 14). 66 WLS1180 (3/30/1928 – 28), GCS190 (3/31/1928 – 21). 67 WLS1189 (4/28/1928 – 20), GCS200 (4/21/1928 – 20). 68 WLS120 (5/2/1924 – 4); GCS1072 (5/2/1924 – 3), WLS120A (5/16/1924 – 6); GCS1074 (5/16/1924 – 18), WLS1140 (12/16/1927 – 6). 69 WLS1313 (4/26/1929 – 30), GCS309 (4/27/1929 – 24). 70 WLS1581 (3/13/1931 – 27), GCS528 (3/14/1931 – 21). 71 WLS120 (5/2/1924 – 4); GCS1072 (5/2/1924 – 3), WLS120A (5/16/1924 – 6); GCS1074 (5/16/1924 – 18). 72 WLS1140 (12/16/1927 – 6). 73 WLS1140 (12/27/1927 – 6). 74 WLS1190A (4/27/1928 – 6). 75 WLS1251 (10/26/1928 – 28), GCS257 (10/27/1928 – 24), WLS1254 (11/2/1928 – 22). 76 WLS1254 (11/2/1928 – 22). 77 WLS1301 (2/15/1929 – 18), WLS1302A (2/22/1929 – 14), WLS1304A (3/1/1929 – 7). 78 WLS1308A (3/22/1929 – 6), WLS1316 (4/5/1929 – 51). 79 WLS1320 (4/19/1929 – 23), GCS304 (4/20/1929 – 19), WLS1335 (5/31/1929 – 34). 80 WLS1362 (9/13/1929 – 8), WLS1365 (9/20/1929 – 9), GCS349 (3/21/1929 – 16).

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81 WLS1369 (9/27/1929 – 18). 82 WLS1379 (10/11/1929 – 16). 83 WLS1382 (10/11/1929 – 49). 84 WLS1397 (11/15/1929 – 10). 85 WLS1412 (12/13/1929 – 18), WLS1427 (1/17/1930 – 22), WLS1434 (1/31/1930 – 18), GCS398 (2/1/1930 – 52). 86 WLS1438B (2/14/1930 – 20). 87 WLS1438B (2/14/1930 – 20). 88 WLS1443 (2/21/1930 – 40), GCS405 (2/22/1930 – 36), WLS1444 (2/28/1930 – 8). 89 NSAC200 (2/27/1930 – 25), WLS1446 (2/28/1930 – 56). 90 NSAC200 (2/27/1930 – 25), WLS1446 (2/28/1930 – 56). 91 WLS1448A (3/7/1930 – 49), WLS1468A (5/30/1930 – 59). The headline for the announcement read “Cub Scouts of Kenilworth,” but this misnomer may have been the newspaper’s fault. 92 WLS1334 (5/31/1929 – 22), GCS321 (6/1/1929 – 20). 93 NSAC158 (10/3/1929 – 13). 94 NSAC200 (2/27/1930 – 25), WLS1446 (2/28/1930 – 56), GCS407 (3/1/1930 – 34), NSAC226 (6/5/1930 – 25), WLS1469 (6/6/1930 – 38), GCS445 (6/7/1930 – 32). 95 WLS1470 (6/6/1930 – 39), GCS445 (6/7/1930 – 33). 96 NSAC232 (6/26/1930 – 36), WLS1474 (6/27/1930 – 28), GCS449 (6/28/1930 – 22), NSAC263 (10/16/1930 – 47). 97 NSAC266 (10/23/1930 – 26), WLS1507 (10/24/1930 – 38), GCS478 (10/25/1930 – 32). 98 NSAC266 (10/23/1930 – 26), WLS1507 (10/24/1930 – 38), GCS478 (10/25/1930 – 32). 99 E.g., WLS1658 (12/17/1931 – 16). 100 WLS1491 (9/12/1930 – 20), WLS1497 (9/26/1930 – 42), GCS470 (9/27/1930 – 38). See generally “The Cabin in the Woods” (Aug. 2016). 101 WLS1532 (12/12/1930 – 15), WLS1548 (1/16/1930 – 37). 102 WLS1539 (1/2/1931 – 18), GCS493 (1/3/1931 – 14), WLS1547 (1/16/1931 – 45), WLS1570 (2/13/1931 – 10), WLS1578 (2/27/1931 – 8), WLS1583 (3/13/1931 – 43), GCS529 (3/14/1931 – 24). 103 WLS1547 (1/16/1931 – 45), GCS497 (1/17/1931 – 16), WLS1583 (3/13/1931 – 43), GCS529 (3/14/1931 – 24). 104 http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/687.html. 105 WLS1592 (4/24/1931 – 30), GCS540 (4/25/1931 – 24), WLS1604 (6/4/1931 – 44). 106 WLS1635 (10/15/1931 – 1), WLS1638 (10/22/1931 – 5), WLS1643 (11/5/1931 – 16). 107 The author’s database is currently limited to the period ending December 1931. 108 WLS1517 (11/14/1930 – 31). 109 GCS519 (2/21/1931 – 6). 110 WLS1511 (10/31/1930 – 34), WLS1525 (11/28/1930 – 31), WLS1528 (12/5/1930 – 31). 111 WLS1543 (1/9/1931 – 33). 112 WLS1575 (2/20/1931 – 34). 113 WLS1575 (2/20/1931 – 34), WLS1580 (3/6/1931 – 38), WLS1585 (3/27/1931 – 48), GCS531 (3/28/1931 – 40), WLS1590 (4/17/1931 – 42), GCS536 (4/18/1931 – 38). 114 NSAC305 (2/5/1931 – 22), WLS1561 (2/6/1931 – 41), GCS509 (2/7/1931 – 33). 115 NSAC305 (2/5/1931 – 23), WLS1561 (2/6/1931 – 41), GCS509 (2/7/1931 – 33), GCS510 (2/7/1931 – 34). 116 NSAC322 (2/26/1931 – 31). 117 NSAC337 (4/16/1931 – 34). 118 NSAC358 (5/21/1931 – 30). 119 WLS1544 (1/16/1931 – 18), GCS498 (1/17/1931 – 32), NSAC291 (1/22/1931 – 8), NSAC293 (1/22/1931 – 20). 120 NSAC293 (1/22/1931 – 20), WLS1553 (1/23/1931 – 24), GCS501 (1/24/1931 – 20), NSAC331 (3/12/1931 – 25), WLS1582 (3/13/1031 – 30), GCS529 (3/14/1931 – 24), NSAC334 (4/2/1931 – 34), NSAC339 (4/23/1931 – 26), WLS1592 (4/24/1931 – 30), GCS540 (4/25/1931 – 24). See “Early Leader Training in the North Shore Area Council” (July 2016), at 12. 121 NSAC355 (5/14/1931 – 44), WLS1598 (5/14/31 – 44). See http://www.neic.org/files/d/usr/3/Council%20Key%203%20092816.pdf. 122 WLS1652 (12/3/1931 – 31).

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123 WLS1649 (11/26/1931 – cover), GCS599 (11/27/1931 – cover).

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