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V’t\t to t/tr/^f/b'^r.Pcrt. ft, f I dt///iai/ y? t//l u’r A /u i't 6f i/t/uA/f ft//'i>r Ano ITViat ra/t's , //t,>uy//* INSTRUCTOR; OR, Young MAN’S Bert; Companion. CONTAINING Spelling, Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic, in an eafier way than any yet publifhed, Inftruttions to write variety of hands, with copies How to write letters on bufinels or friendfhip; forms of indentures, bonds, bills of fale, receipts, wills, leafes, releafes, &c. Merchants Accounts, and a fhort and eafy method of (hop and book-keeping: with a defcriptioa of the produd, coontries, and market towns in England and Wales, and a lift of Englilh and Scots fairs according to the new ftyle. The METHOD of meafuring Carpenters, Joiners, Sawyers, Bricklayers, Plaifterers, Plumbers, Mafons, Glafiers, and Painters work. How to undertake each work, and at what price ; the rates of each commodity, and the common wages of journey-men, with the defcription of Gunter’s line, and Gogge(hall’s Sliding rule. The PRACTICAL GAUGER made eafy ; the art o^Di'alling and how to erreft and fix dials ; with inftru&ions for dying, colour- ing, and making colours ; and Ibme general obfervations for gardening every month in the year. To which are added. The FAMILY’S BEST COMPANION J AND A COMPENDIUM of GEOGRAPHY and As* TRONOMY. ALSO Some ufefnl INTEREST-TABLES. BY GEORGE FISHER, ACCOUNTANT. The Twenty Fourth Edition, carefully corrected. GLASGOW: Printed for PETER TAIT. Bookfeller Salt-market' M DCCLXXII. ? 0 0C ^ \Z I' PREFACE. I Need fay but little by way of preface, in relation to the ufefulnefs of this book, the tide-page fo fully ■ declaring its contents : but as a preface is ufually' | expedted, 1 cannot well avoid faying fomething with ’ a'elpedt to its utility. As to the firlt tfep of forming the young man’s mind for buiinefs, viz. the being inftructed' in, and f acquainted with our mother-tongue, viz. hnglilh, it mult be and is acknowledged by all, to be a necelTary l| and principal qualification in buiinefs, and therefore it , is of great importance to be well acquainted therewith. In the next place, to write a good, fair, free, and I commendable hand,Js equ dly neceilary in moft, if not i in ail the affairs of life, and occurrences of bufinefs. The young man is, next, informed how to indite | eptftles or letters in a familiar {tile, and on fundry “ fubjedts and occafions : with diredtions how to fubfcribe f or conclude a letter, and alfo to fuperfcribe or direct letters, according to the different ranks and qualities f of the perfons to whom diredted: and this mint be allowed to be a very great additional qualification. The next accomplithnaent for a young man, and largely treated on in this book, is that excellent fcience | of Arithmetic, both vulgar and decimal; leading him | by the hand, and by eafy heps, through its whole r courfe. Again, the young man is next fhewn the ingenious / art of Book-keeping after the Italian manner, by way I of double entry; and that is an accomplishment that Capacitates him for bufinefs in the higheft degree: under which head, he is aifo informed how to draw out, or make various accounts or writings relating to- i mercantile affairs ; as bills of lading, invoices, accounts of fiales, together with authentic examples of bills of £: xchange, with notes concerning them; like wife bills A 2 at iv PREFACE. of parcels of divers kinds; alfo various forts of re- ceipts, <bc. All which is expedient for a young man to know and underftand, if he would be dexterous I in bufinels. The young man is here alfo inflrufted in relation to the affairs ol bufinefs at the wateh fide, as to fifipping ;| off and landing goods, <bc. He hath alfo a dcfcription of England and Wales, | each county being particularly fpoken of, with refpedt 4 to its produft, loil, and extent; likwife the names of I its feveral market-towns, and a lift of the fairs now I held in them, as they have been fettled fince the alteration of the ftyle. Here are'alfo eafy, plain, and likewife curious di- [ reftions for meafuring all forts of planes and folids, j (arithmetically and inftrumentally), as the works of I carpenters, joiners, fawyers, bricklayers, mafons, pla- fterers, painters, glafiers, be. with the prices of their works. Here are likewife fliewn the methods of extracting the fquare and cube-roots, with feme of their ufes, :, in relation to meafuring, be. Alfo practical guaging of divers kinds of veffels, j, tuns, be. Likewife dialling in various kinds, with . the reprefentation of feveral forts of dials, and how to jt beautify and adorn them. Next are precedents of law-writings, as bonds, bills, L indentures, wills, letters of attorney, be- Laftly, fome directions relating to the pleafant and 1 delightfuTart of gardening, with general obfervations I for every month in the year. To which are fub- !■ joined lome inftruCtions to young women, how to t pickle and preferve all kinds of fruits and flowers, be. jj with inftruCtions for making divers forts of wines of i| Englifh growth ; and alfo for preparing many excellent r medicines, plafters, be. w’ith feveral good preferiptions | of proper ufe, againft moft diftempers : fit tor, and neceffary in all families. To the whole is now added a compendious fyflem ofii geography and aftronomy : the fit ft is of great utility *r to the trading part of mankind, and to thofe who p would have an adequate idea of what they read in p hiftory, 1 PREFACE. v liiftory, or otherwife,. of the tranfaftions In difi^rent | parts of the earth ; and the fecond is of like fervice to < thofe who would contemplate on heavenly bodies, and is purpofely deilgned to give the unexperienced reader fome i'mall idea of the almoft inconceivable number of bodies,' (moil of them much fuperior in magnitude to our world, as we vainly term it), which the Almighty and infinite Creator hath placed in the univerfe, and 'exhibited to the view and conception of mankind. J Alfo concife tables to find the value of Portugal ’pieces, to buy or fell by the great hundred; and to ! Ihew the intereft of any lum at 3, 4, and 5 per cent. A 3 INDEX \ I N- D E X TABLE OF CONTENTS, ABbreviation of words Arithmetic its introduc- pao-e 2j • tion 57 niches old, c5rc, to make air Alia 289 approved ointment for Afthma, or fhortnefs of ^>4 breath 362 Account of files 181 Aftrcmomy 296 Addition of one denonii 61 Avoirdupois weight, table —of money 65 thereof 65 —of Avoirdupois \vt. 65 B —of Troy weight 66 Balance of account when —of vulgar fractions 143 full 162 , —of decimals 151 Balance at the year’s end Africa 293 l6* Againft a.fever 364 Barberries,topreforve 357 Ague 361 Beans,French,to pickle 335 —to cure drought in 363 Beer-meafure, table there- Ale-meai'ure. table there- of 68 of 68 Bedfordfliire 267 Almoncfs of the ears fallen Berk (hire 266; down 361 Biles or fores 362 j America 294 Bill of lading- j 79 Ah account of the coun- Bill of debt 169 ties of England and —another 178 Wales 266 Bills of parcels in feveral An eafy and fafe purge 364 trades 169 An ealy method of calling —on book-debts 170 j up things bought aud — of exchange 173 fold by the 100 or icco —of money borrowed 1 78 173 Bleeding at the nofo 363 Anglefey ifle 282 Bloody (lux 362 |k Antipodes 238 Blood purged Aphelion 30J Board me a fore 186 J Apothecaries weight, table Bonds, bills, &c. 329 I thereof 67 Book-keeping *54 I Appetite, to caufe an 364 Books of ule in the count- ;|J Apricots, green, to pre- ing-heufe ib. fer ve 356 Bound 1 N D E X. vit Bound in the body 362 Colleges in Oxford 277 Brecknockfhire 1283 Colouring and dying 318 Biicklayers work 197 Comets 306 Bricklayers, their prices Concerning coins 321 200 Confonants, their ufe 2 Bruile, or icald outward Conftellations 309 362 Confumption 363 ——inward ib. Convnlfionsin children, Buckinghamihire 266 Copies i n profe andver le 3 3 Buliueis of the water-fide Copper, to gauge it 228 181 Cornwall 268 Bunt or {cald 364 Cough 362 C Counties in England 266 Garnbridgefliire 267 in Wales 281 Canker in the mouth 362 in Scotland 284 Capital andfmallprint 32 in Ireland 285 Cardiganlhire 283 Cube-root to extrafl it 235 Caermarthenfhire ib. ufe thereof 240 Carnarvonlhire 282 Cucumbers, to pickle 355 Carpenters plain rule 248 to pickle green ib. work 194 Cumberland 269 their prices 195 Currants, to preferve 358 Carryingon account,when Cyder, to make 361 full, to another folio 163 D Certificate cocket 183 Debenture, form thereof Charges of noting and 183 . protelting a bill of ex- Decimal fraddons 148 change 1 79 Deed of gift 336 Chefiiire 268 Degree, its length 234 Cherries, to preferve 358 Denbighfhife 282 to candy ib. Denmark 288 Chimney, to meafure 199 Derbyihire 269 Cords to make a line of 2 46 Devonfhire ib. Circle, to meafure 218 Dialling, the art of 313 Claret artificial 359 Digging of cellars, brc. 212 Climates, what 239 Dipthongs their found 8 tables of them 260 Directions for joiners, Cloth meafure,table there- painters, plallerers, gla- of 67 fiers, &c. 190 Codicil to a will 336 Divilion 91 CoggelhalL’s Hiding role —rule for working 9.2 251 —compound 97 Colic 363 —by table 10X Colleges in Cambridge 267 —its proof t;o2 Divifioa Tin r N D E X.