Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

View of the northern field prior to trenching, looking southeast

ARS Ltd Report No. 2017/13 Oasis No. archaeol5-277372

Compiled by: Ben Dyson ACIfA Suite 1 First Floor Dunham House Cross Street Sale M33 7HH

Checked by: Reuben Thorpe MCIfA Angel House Portland Square Draft Bakewell Derbyshire DE45 1HB Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

ARS Ltd Report No. 2017/13

February 2017

Archaeological Research Services Ltd

CONTENTS

List of Figures ...... iii Executive Summary ...... v 1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Circumstances of the Project ...... 1 1.2 Site location, Land use, and Geology ...... 1 1.3 Archaeological and Historical Background ...... 2 2 Aims and Objectives ...... 2 3 Method ...... 3 4 Results ...... 3 4.1 Introduction...... 3 4.2 Trench 1 ...... 3 4.3 Trench 2 ...... 4 4.4 Trenches 3 and 4 ...... 4 4.5 Trench 5 ...... 6 4.6 Trenches 6 and 7 ...... Draft 6 4.7 Trenches 8, 9 and 10 ...... 7 4.8 Trenches 11, 12 and 13 ...... 8 5 The Finds ...... 10 5.1 Pottery ...... 10 5.2 Clay Tobacco Pipe ...... 10 5.3 Ironwork ...... 11 5.4 Slag ...... 11 5.5 Finds Discussion and Recommendations ...... 11 6 Discussion...... 11 7 Publicity, Confidentiality, and Copyright ...... 13

i 8 Statement of Indemnity ...... 13 9 Acknowledgements ...... 13 10 References ...... 13 Appendix I: The Figures ...... 15 Appendix II: Context Summary Table ...... 40 Appendix III: Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) ...... 44 Appendix IV: OASIS Form ...... 67

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ii Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Site Location Map...... 16 Figure 2. Extent of Excavated Areas...... 17 Figure 3. Plan of Trench 1 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 18 Figure 4. Annotated photograph of Trench 1, looking south-west. Scale: 2x2m...... 18 Figure 5. Plan of Trench 2 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 19 Figure 6. Trench 2, looking north-west. Scale: 2x2m...... 20 Figure 7. (Left) F203 plan and south-west facing section. (Right) F205 plan and north-east facing section...... 21 Figure 8. Boundary ditch F203 truncated by land-drains. Scale: 1x1m...... 21 Figure 9. Parallel gully F205 alongside line of live service trench. Scale: 1x1m...... 22 Figure 10. Plan of trenches 3 and 4 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 23 Figure 11. Trench 3, looking north-east. Scale: 2x2m ...... 24 Figure 12. Trench 4, looking north-east. Scale: 2x2m...... 25 Figure 13. Annotated photograph showing the extent of the trackway in Trench 3 and gully F304 truncated by a land-drain, looking east. Scale: 1x1m...... 26 Figure 14. Gully F304 plan and north-west facing section...... 26 Figure 15. (Upper) Oblique view of the north-west facing section through trackway in Trench 4, looking east. Scale: 1x2m. (Lower) Series (x4) showing investigation into wet clay (410), looking west. Scale: 1x2m...... 27 Figure 16. North-west facing section through trackway and gully F404...... 27 Figure 17. Plan of Trench 5 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 28 Figure 18. (Top left) Investigation sondage through subsoil (502) down to natural clay. (Top right) Trench 5, looking south-east. Note the change from wet clay to sand roughly half-way up. (Lower left) Vertical cut and sandy clay fill of land-drain. (Lower right) Course of rock- filled soakaway. Scale: 0.5m graduations...... 29 Figure 19. Plan of Trenches 6 and 7 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 30 Figure 20. (Left) Investigation sondage through subsoil (602), looking south-east. (Right) Trench 6, looking west-south-west. Scale: 0.5m graduations...... 31 Figure 21. (Left) Trench 7, looking west-south-west. (Right) West-south-west facing section through field boundary F703 with earthwork visible through field surface beyond. Scale: 0.5m graduations...... 31 Figure 22. Plan of Trenches 8, 9 andDraft 10 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 32 Figure 23. (Left) Trench 8, looking west-south-west. (Top right) Gravel soakaway. (Mid right) Ceramic land-drain. (Lower right) Stone lined and capped drain. Scale: 0.5m graduations ... 33 Figure 24. (Left) Trench 9, looking north. (Top right) Backfill plugging an upwelling of ground water adjacent to a land-drain. (Lower right) Annotated photo showing modern tip F904. Scale: 0.5m graduations...... 34 Figure 25. (Left) Trench 10, looking east with central flooding. (Right) Trench 10, looking west showing three parallel land-drains. Scale: 2x2m...... 34 Figure 26. Trenches 11, 12 and 13 overlain onto geophysical survey...... 35 Figure 27. Trench 11, looking south. Scale: 2x2m...... 36 Figure 28. (Left) Annotated photo of Trench 13, looking north-east. (Right) Detail of coal-rich topsoil (1301) overlying shale/coal/gravel deposit (1303). Scale: 0.5m graduations...... 37 Figure 29. (Left) Trench 12, annotated, looking south. (Right) Trench 12 eastern spur, annotated, looking east. Scale: 0.5m graduations...... 38

iii Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 30. (Left) Field boundary depicted on the 1882 OS survey map (red polygon)(adapted from Pinnock 2016, Figure 11). (Inset) Boundary ditch depicted on the geophysics interpretation plan (red polygon)(after Lawson and Galt 2016, Figure 5)...... 39

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iv Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Project Name: Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Site Code: ELF17 Planning Authority: High Peak Borough Council Planning Reference: HPK/2016/0516 NGR: SK 01205 80155 Date of Attendance: 8th-17th February 2017 Date of Report: February 2017 Archaeological Research Services Ltd was commissioned by Site Plan UK LLP to undertake archaeological evaluation trenching on land associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. The work was undertaken between the 8th and 17th February by Ben Dyson, Project Officer, and Dr. Rebecca Trow, Assistant Project Officer with Archaeological Research Services Ltd. The project was managed by Reuben Thorpe, Projects Manager at Archaeological Research Services Ltd. Twelve trenches were excavated in accordance with the trench plan in Figure 3 of the Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) for the project (see Appendix 2) and an additional trench was opened following a monitoring visit by Dave Barrett, County Archaeologist for Derbyshire. The trenches were located in order to target possible archaeological features identified by previous assessments, which include a desk based assessment (DBA) (Pinnock 2016), a geophysical survey (Lawson and Galt 2016) and a site walkover conducted by Archaeological Research Services Ltd that formed part of the WSI for the project. Trench 2 revealed a ditch on the same alignment as a field boundary that is depicted on the 1882 Ordnance Survey map and was identified by the geophysical survey. The ditch produced no datable material and was truncated by later land-drainage activity. Trenches 3 and 4 crossed a modern trackway that passed through the south-western part of the proposed development area and had been interpreted as overlying the course of the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road. The earliest depiction of the trackway on mapping data within the DBA is from the Ordnance Survey map of 1882. Sections in each trench revealed an earlier iteration of a trackway below the modern gravel surface (not observed in plan during machining). A potential earlier surface of indeterminable date was constructed of a thin, domed band of sandy clay whichDraft overlay an intentional deposit of bedding-clay that cut through modern and buried topsoil on each side of the trackway. On the south-western side of the trackway in both trenches a shallow linear ditched feature was revealed that cut into the natural substrate adjacent to the bedding-clay. This was interpreted as a possible drainage gully, but no dating material was found in either of the excavated sections. The remainder of the trenches demonstrated that the entire area has been subjected to multiple land drainage regimes, with many different types of land drain being encountered during the evaluation, including: gravel or rock filled soakaways, ceramic pipes and an example of a stone lined and capped carrier drain. Land drains and modern disturbance accounted for the majority of features across the site and corresponded with the positions of many of the features identified by the geophysical survey.

Features associated with past mining activity were found in the northern field of the PDA, where coal, ash and shale-rich deposits were encountered in the western end of Trench 8,

v Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire the northern end of Trench 11 and within the added trench, Trench 13. Excavation over the southern portion of a distinct and isolated mound revealed that it was formed of a deposit of coal-rich shale and has been interpreted as a spoil heap. Topsoil at the southern end of Trench 11 was similarly black and coal rich, lending weight to the interpretation of an elongated earthwork in the northern field as another spoil heap associated with the mining that took place in and around the area throughout the 18th to 20th centuries.

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vi Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Circumstances of the Project 1.1.1 A planning application (HPK/2016/0516) for the change of use of a field for a housing development on land north-east of Elnor Lane between Elnor Lane and Buxton Road was submitted in 2016. An archaeological desk-based assessment (DBA) conducted by On Site Archaeology (Pinnock 2016) and a geophysical survey report by AOC Archaeology Group (Lawson and Galt 2016), showed that archaeological features might be present on the site. 1.1.2 The Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist advised that before determination of the application, archaeological field evaluation in the form of an earthwork survey and targeted trial trenching was required to establish the significance of these features, particularly around the suggested alignment of the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road in the south-western part of the proposed development area (hereafter PDA). 1.1.3 Archaeological Research Services Ltd (ARS Ltd) was commissioned by Site Plan UK LLP to undertake the archaeological investigation. 1.1.4 A site walkover and measured earthwork survey was undertaken on the 31st January 2017 by Archaeological Research Services Ltd in order to ground-truth the existing surveys and inform the suitability of areas for archaeological trenching. Upon consultation with Steve Baker, Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist, during the approval of the Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) for the project, it was agreed that twelve evaluation trenches would be excavated, totalling an area of 1247m². Following a monitoring visit to the site on 14th February 2017 by the County Archaeologist, Dave Barrett, an additional trench was opened (Trench 13, 2x10m) to further assess the stratigraphy of an isolated mound in the northern area of the PDA. 1.1.5 This report details the results of the archaeological evaluation trenching. The fieldwork project officer was Ben Dyson, Project Officer at ARS Ltd and the project manager was Reuben Thorpe, Projects Manager at ARS Ltd. The trenching took place between the 8th and 17th February 2017.

1.2 Site location, Land use, and Geology 1.2.1 The site is located roughlyDraft 1km south of Whaley Bridge in the district of Horwich End. The PDA comprises the entirety of a field used for rough pasture to the east of an existing housing estate off the east side of Buxton Road, and the northern extents of two better maintained pasture fields immediately to the north of Shallcross Road. The eastern side of the site is bound by the course of the dismantled railway on the Shallcross Incline and the buffer zone of a National Grid gas pipeline. The boundary between the southern fields is formed by a modern path/track that is on the same north-west/south-east alignment as the putative course of the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road. The site is centred at SK 01205 80155 (Figure 1). 1.2.2 The red line boundary of the PDA is broadly rectangular in shape with a distinct ‘bite’ taken from the north-west corner by the existing housing estate around Vaughan and Manor Road. The site encompasses c.6.88ha, c.4.5ha of which was deemed suitable for trenching following the results of the walkover survey (see Figures 2 and 3 of the WSI in Appendix 2.

1 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

1.2.3 The underlying solid geology of the PDA lies within the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation comprising mudstone, siltstone and sandstone overlain by superficial deposits of Diamicton Devensian Till (BGS 2017).

1.3 Archaeological and Historical Background 1.3.1 A detailed archaeological and historical background is presented in the geophysical survey report (Lawson and Galt 2016) as drawn together from the DBA (Pinnock 2016). A brief synopsis is provided below. 1.3.2 There is no precedent for the presence of prehistoric activity either within the PDA or in the immediate surroundings, although the DBA did reveal a number of artefact find- spots from the wider area that might have a prehistoric provenance. 1.3.3 The geophysical survey identified anomalies concentrated within the south-west area of the PDA that have been linked to the putative line of the Buxton to Manchester Roman road, with possible features associated with a field system located on either side of it. Given that the line of the road is based on evidence located along a projected line joining two known points of excavated Roman road, there is the possibility that the road will not be found and exists to the west or east of the site. Further Roman activity within the PDA has not been identified although a number of discrete linear anomalies to the east and north- east of the projected road should be evaluated to ascertain their form, date and function. 1.3.4 Medieval remains might be represented on site by an area of faint ridge and furrow identified on the LiDAR image in the DBA immediately to the south of the 20th century housing estate (Pinnock 2016, 25). These could be associated with Shallcross Hall that was once situated to the south of the PDA in the area of the present-day Shallcross Holiday Cottages. Post-medieval and modern features of the site are predominantly associated with the rail and mining industries. Features associated with the railway are not likely to be found within the PDA; rather they form parts of the boundary such as along the eastern edge of the site which comprises a substantial inclined plane on the former route of the Cromford and High Peak railway (Pinnock 2016). Within the site the geophysical survey identified a number of areas along the western edge of Draftthe northern field and the northern edge of the southern fields that have been interpreted as areas of modern disturbance associated with surface mining. The extent of this activity is yet to be determined but it has been recorded as a ‘definite’ activity in the southwest portion of the site and ‘probable’ in the northern field. Evaluation of archaeological features across the site will be dependent upon the degree of truncation or disturbance caused by this mining activity.

2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 2.1 The full aims and objectives of the archaeological works are outlined in detail in the project WSI (see Appendix III). They can be summarised as follows:  Identify the presence/absence of archaeological features and deposits within the site through the excavation of evaluation trenches.  Record any archaeological features and deposits encountered.

2 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

 Sample sufficient of the archaeological features and deposits to establish relative sequence, likely dating and quality of preservation.  Gather sufficient information to establish the character, extent, form, function and likely status of any surviving archaeological deposits with a view to evaluating their significance and potential to inform the aims and objectives outlined in section 3.1 of the WSI (see Appendix III).

3 METHOD 3.1 All work was undertaken in accordance with the WSI wghich is reproduced in Appendix 2. 3.2 A risk assessment was undertaken before work commenced and all site operations were conducted in accordance with the ARS Ltd Health and Safety Policy and current Health and Safety Legislation. 3.3 Twelve trenches were excavated in accordance with section 4.1 of the WSI (see Appendix 2) with the addition of a thirteenth trench following a site visit from the County Archaeologist. 3.4 All trenches were excavated with a 13 tonne, 360° mechanical excavator equipped with a 2m wide toothless ditching bucket. 3.5 All trenches and features were tied into the National Grid using a Leica Total Station using survey control backsights established via Leica survey-grade GPS prior to the evaluation. 3.6 All exposed archaeological remains were cleaned by hand and a full photographic and written record was kept.

4 RESULTS 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 An overall site plan of the excavated areas can be seen in Error! Reference source not found.. All excavated contexts are summarized in Appendix II. The following sections provides an overview of the resultsDraft from each trench. 4.2 Trench 1 (Figures 2, 3 and 4) 4.2.1 Trench 1 was located at the south-western extent of the site on land that sloped from south-east to north-west (Figure 2). The trench was orientated east/west and was placed so as to expose a proposed large pit and a section of a linear ditched feature identified by the geophysical survey. Severely waterlogged, dark grey/brown clayey topsoil (101) with a depth of 0.21m was removed revealing a firm, light yellow/grey clay substrate (102) with irregularly shaped, linear, sandy striations. A deeper section was excavated across the central area of the trench in an attempt to reveal the feature identified by the geophysical survey. A pit was not identified, but a much softer, wetter area of the substrate that was bluer in colour and contained an increased density of rounded pebbles and sand was revealed, indicating that this area of the substrate was prone to waterlogging. The sandy striations through the substrate at the higher level of the trench are also likely to be

3 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

geological in nature, connected with water movement through the clay. A gravel-filled land- drain/soakaway was also encountered towards the western end of the trench which corresponds with the linear feature on the geophysical survey (Figures 3 and 4). 4.3 Trench 2 (Figures 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) 4.3.1 Trench 2 was orientated north-west/south-east, c.12m north-east of Trench 1 (Figure 2). It was located in order to reveal part of a linear ditched feature and an old field boundary on the crest of the steep slope that extends beyond the north-western end of the trench as well as a number of sections of linear ditched features and a possible pit associated with the supposed field system on the western side of the purported Roman Road. 4.3.2 Waterlogged, dark grey/brown clayey topsoil (201) was excavated to a maximum depth of 0.24m, exposing a light grey/yellow stiff clay substrate (202) with occasional sandy lenses. Six land-drains were encountered within Trench 2, three of which correlate convincingly with features marked on the geophysical survey plan (Figure 5). A further two land-drains were exposed towards the north-western end of the trench, truncating a boundary ditch (F203). 4.3.3 Boundary ditch F203 followed a north-east/south-west orientation; it was 2.4m wide and had a light grey/brown silty clay fill (203) with a depth of 0.44m from the start of the archaeological horizon. The north-western edge was truncated by the cut [208] and grey silty fill (207) of a ceramic land-drain trench, whilst the south-eastern edge had an irregular sloping side, grading out to an uneven base. Another land-drain scar was visible in plan and section, cutting east/west across the ditch (Figures 7 and 8). The fill of the boundary ditch (203) produced no datable material, though a corroded iron rod with a square cross-section and a friable piece of blast-furnace slag were recovered from the fill (207) of the adjacent ceramic land-drain trench. 4.3.4 A straight-edged linear ditched feature was observed roughly ten metres from the south-eastern end of Trench 2 in the area marked as a large pit on the geophysical survey (Figure 5). The ditch was observed as a darker line of orange clay (disturbed and redeposited) through the natural substrate (202) that was visible on either side. There were no known services in this area andDraft scanning with a Cable Avoidance Tool (CAT) had not picked up any signals prior to removal of topsoil from this area of the trench, though when used in conjunction with a generator there was a very faint response over the line of the ditch after stripping. The feature was recorded as a live service and not excavated. Along the south-eastern edge and on the same alignment as the service trench, a parallel gully feature (F205) was observed that was filled with a mid-brown/grey silty clay (205), very similar to the topsoil. The gully had a regular U-shaped cut [206] and both sections through it were 0.06m deep. It is probable that the gully is associated with the service trench, perhaps reflecting the imprint of wheel-ruts through the clay during the laying of a pipe/cable (Figures 7 and 9). A single potsherd of Midlands Purple Type Ware (16th-17th centuries) was recovered from the fill (205) but this is likely to be residual and/or intrusive. 4.4 Trenches 3 and 4 (Figures 2, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16)

4 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.4.1 Trenches 3 and 4 were both orientated north-east/south-west on ground that sloped down to the north-west, east of Trench 2. They were positioned so that their midpoints would cross the modern track which supposedly overlay the purported route of the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road. The eastern and western ends of each trench extended either side of the trackway into areas containing supposed ditched features associated with a field system, based on the interpretation of the geophysical survey (Figure 10). 4.4.2 In each trench, waterlogged dark greyish-brown clayey topsoil ((301): 0.21m; (401): 0.24m) was removed to expose a fairly shallow light yellow/grey sandy clay subsoil ((302): 0.16m; (402): 0.12m). The natural substrate (303) and (403) was encountered below the subsoil in each trench. Land-drains and a continuation in Trench 3 of the live service identified in Trench 2 correlate well with supposed ditch locations marked on the geophysical survey (Figure 10). Where ditches or drainage features were not encountered, particularly in the north-eastern ends of the trenches, it is likely that the geophysical anomalies represent sandy striations through the subsoil and substrate that were holding ground water at the time of the survey. The wet conditions during excavation certainly attest to the fact that the more level and lower lying areas at the northern extents of the southern fields of the PDA are not particularly free-draining.

4.4.3 In the central regions of Trenches 3 and 4, two gravel-filled wheel ruts overlay a compacted deposit of ash and clinker-rich bedding material, all of which formed the modern surface of the trackway that followed a northwest-southeast alignment through this part of the PDA. Following the removal of this modern overburden in both trenches, machining in plan and excavating in shallow, level spits, a depth of clay was removed that had the appearance of disturbed subsoil associated with the creation and usage of the track. In Trench 3 the disturbed clay beneath the trackwas 0.35m deep at its thickest, at which point a linear gully was identified (F304) to the south east of and on the same alignment as the trackway. The gully was truncated by a gravel-filled land-drain/soakaway and was cut into firmer, undisturbed natural substrate (303) (Figures 13 and 14). In Trench 4 this disturbed deposit of clays beneath the modern track surface measured 0.55m in depth and overlay a wetter, undulating surface of grey/blue clay with sandy striations, again bound on the south-western side by a linear gully (F404) on the same alignment as the trackway (Figure 15). During cleaning of the sections after machining, the disturbed clay beneath the modern track in Trench 4 showed distinctDraft layers in the stratigraphy, suggesting that the track might have once had an earlier surface and construction (Figure 16). This was not so apparent in Trench 3. 4.4.4 The construction of a possible earlier iteration of the trackway can be seen in Figures 15 and 16. The wet, blue clay with sandy striations along the base of the trench in Figure 15 was investigated following the recording of the section and the excavation of a section through gully F404 (the latter clearly truncated by an animal burrow). As the clay was excavated by machine there were no traces of wheel ruts, construction materials or evidence of any previous surfaces having been robbed out. The positions of the bands of clay and sand moved as the trench was excavated lower, indicative of a substrate where water is finding a route down the slope of the hillside from south-east to north-west. In section the clay filled a broad U-shaped channel with a maximum depth of 0.63m. It could be suggested, then, that the mid-grey/brown clay (408) over the top of this channel was intentionally laid down as a means of capping this wetter ground so as to form the bedding

5 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

for a track surface (406) which was laid over the top. The bedding clay (408) had a maximum depth of 0.38m and at its north-eastern extent partially overlay a buried topsoil (409). At its south-western extent the bedding clay (408) blended into the fill of a possible drainage gully (404), which in plan ran parallel alongside the course of the lower channel, on the same alignment as the track. Over the top of the bedding clay (408) and extending in section over the top of the drainage gully was a sticky, wet band of white clay (406) which encased a thin (0.06m) band of yellow sandy clay (407). It is possible that the white and yellow band of clay represents an earlier surface of the trackway over the top of an intentionally deposited bedding clay, however, no datable material was recovered from any track-related context in Trench 3 or 4 so it is not possible to firmly date the feature.

4.5 Trench 5 (Figures 2, 17, 18) 4.5.1 Trench 5 was located on a steep north-west facing slope to the east of Trenches 3 and 4 (Figures 2 and 17). The trench was excavated through 0.26m of wet, dark greyish- brown topsoil (501) and to maximum depth of 1.2m across its length. At the top of the slope the subsoil (502) was formed of very fine and loosely compacted sand with frequent stone inclusions. The inclusions were well sorted (c.50-200mm diameter), smaller and angular higher up, larger and more rounded towards the base. A sondage was excavated at the south-eastern end of the trench to assess the depth of the subsoil; natural clay (503) was observed at a depth of 3m. In section the subsoil looked to be formed of two distinct layers, though the lower, greyer sand was simply holding more ground water (Figure 18). The discrete linear anomaly marked on the geophysical plan at the south-east end of the trench was not observed. 4.5.2 Roughly half-way down the length of the trench a 0.45m wide band of discoloured sandy clay was observed that had vertical cut sides. A section of a redundant ceramic land- drain was visible in section at a depth of 0.5m below the surface and at a depth of 0.9m the upper layer of an active rock-filled soakaway was observed. This land-drain correlates with the position of a north-east/south-west orientated ditch marked on the geophysical survey (Figure 17). To the north-west of the land-drain at a distance of 1.16m, a clear break of slope in the hillside coincided with a change of geology in the base of the trench where the free draining sandy subsoil changed to a more clay-rich sand, overlying a very wet clay substrate with sandy striations (503). The geophysicalDraft anomaly marked on the geophysical plan at the north-west end of the trench was not observed, however, as seen in other trenches the sandy striations through the natural substrate might reflect the results of the geophysical survey.

4.6 Trenches 6 and 7 (Figures 2, 19, 20, 21) 4.6.1 Trenches 6 and 7 were located on the eastern side of the site on land that generally sloped from west to east along the very northern edge of the southern fields. Trench 6 was placed so as to characterise two discrete linear anomalies identified by the geophysical survey whereas Trench 7 was placed to assess the nature of a more substantial series of linear anomalies on fairly level ground (Figure 19).

6 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.6.2 Trench 6 was excavated through 0.23m of wet, dark greyish-brown topsoil (601) and to a maximum depth of 1.2m (602) across its length (Figure 20). The subsoil was very similar in its composition to that seen in Trench 5 and this is due to it being located on the same geological hill formation, albeit c.84m further to the east. A sondage was excavated at the western end to assess the depth of subsoil and after a depth of 3m no change was observed. The sondage was backfilled prior to excavation of the remainder of the trench due to the loose compaction of the subsoil and the danger of trench collapse. No features or archaeological deposits were encountered in Trench 6. 4.6.3 Trench 7 was excavated through 0.25m of waterlogged, dark greyish-brown topsoil that overlay a mottled light grey/yellow clayey subsoil with a maximum depth of 0.45m. Firmer yellow/brown clay formed the natural substrate (704) which was cut in a number of places by active ceramic land-drains. The westernmost land-drain correlates with the position of a south-east/north-west orientated ditched feature this is marked on the geophysical interpretation (Figure 19), whilst the other two land-drains of the trench were located in otherwise blank areas on the geophysical plan. A spur off the northern edge of the trench just east of the mid-point was located so as to identify the north-east/south-west orientated feature on the plan, but a breached land-drain flooded the area prior to any archaeological features being observed/encountered. A revised spur was excavated closer towards the eastern end of the trench which crossed a very slight earthwork visible in the surface of the field. Two large boulders and some smaller stones were observed during excavation across the feature which were firmly set into the clayey subsoil (702). Following clean-up of the section it was observed that the rocky alignment (F703) formed a field boundary 0.5m in width x 0.4m high (Figure 21). Just to the north of the boundary the field level dropped into an area of trees and scrub. No further features were identified. 4.7 Trenches 8, 9 and 10 (Figures 2, 22, 23, 24 and 25) 4.7.1 Trenches 8 and 9 were located in the lower-lying rough pasture field towards the northern edge of the PDA whilst Trench 10 was located towards the centre of the northern field just to the north-east of an isolated mounded feature. Trenches 8 and 9 were located so as to evaluate relatively blank areas of the geophysical survey plan, with the western end of Trench 8 located over a bi-polar anomaly interpreted as disturbed ground and the northern end of Trench 9 locatedDraft just inside a marshy along the northern edge of the field that had not been geophysically surveyed. Trenches 8 and 9 were also located so as to evaluate the nature of widely dispersed ‘ferrous spikes’, depicted as grey dots on the geophysical interpretation for the site. Trench 10 was located in order to identify the nature of discrete parallel linear trends to the west of a known gas pipeline (Figure 22). 4.7.2 Trench 8 was excavated through 0.24m of wet, dark greyish-brown loamy clay topsoil onto firm, light greyish/yellow clay substrate (802). In the western half of the trench the topsoil contained frequent coal, ash and shale inclusions distributed fairly evenly throughout its depth with occasional pieces of friable, bubbly iron slag ranging in size from 50-150mm in diameter (similar to the piece recovered from the land-drain adjacent to F203 in Trench 2). Similar inclusions were found in the topsoil throughout the length of the trench but became far less frequent further to the east. Three active land-drains were encountered that were cut into the natural substrate and aligned on a south-west/north-east orientation

7 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

(Figure 23). The westernmost drain was formed of a gravel-filled soakaway, the central drain was formed of ceramic lengths of circular pipe laid end to end and the easternmost drain was stone lined and capped. No further features were identified. 4.7.3 Trench 9 was located in a natural shallow depression through the northern part of the field that sloped with an increasing gradient from south to north. The trench was excavated through 0.25m of waterlogged, dark greyish-brown loamy clay topsoil (901) and a variable sandy clay subsoil (902) that was little more than an interface with the underlying substrate in the gentler sloping part of the trench to the south, but deepened towards the northern end in the steepest area of the trench. The subsoil (902) had a maximum depth of 0.18m, contained frequent small angular and rounded stones and was colluvial in nature. A total of six active land-drains were encountered along the length of the trench, located just below the subsoil, cut into the upper horizon of the firmer greyish yellow natural substrate (903). A modern tip (F904) of bricks, smashed ceramic land-drain and other coarse rubble waste mixed with topsoil was identified towards the northern end of the trench in a sub- rectangular pit that was cut from the level of the subsoil (902) (Figure 24). This was not explored further and the base of the pit was not observed. A section of a metal ladder formed of two conjoined rungs was observed within the topsoil in this area and is likely to represent one of the grey anomalies on the geophysical plan in Figure 22. 4.7.4 Trench 10 was excavated through 0.22m of severely waterlogged, dark greyish- brown loamy clay topsoil (1001) and a variable, loosely compacted subsoil (1002) that ranged between 0.05-0.15m in depth. The trench passed over the same depression in the field as Trench 9, but was perpendicular to it rather than running along the central trough and so the trench was slightly ‘dished’, sloping in from both ends. The colluvial subsoil was deepest towards the centre of the trench. The natural substrate (1003) was formed of yellow grey clay, it was firmer than the overlying subsoil and became more orange in colour to the east. Two ceramic-pipe land-drains and the cut for a third were observed towards the eastern end of the trench, with the ceramic pipes correlating with the position of two parallel lines on the geophysical interpretation plan (Figure 25). Further to the west, a discrete linear anomaly on the geophysical plan was not observed within the trench, though severe waterlogging in this area due to groundwater bubbling from the topsoil suggests that a blocked or broken land-drain might well be present deeper within the substrate. 4.8 Trenches 11, 12 and Draft13 (Figures 2, 26 27 and 28) 4.8.1 Trench 11 was a north/south orientated trench, located so that the northern end would reveal the constitution of a distinct, isolated, sub-circular mound with a central depression in the central area of the northern field and so that the southern end would move into rough scrub/marsh land on the north-east facing slope of an elongated earthwork that was not geophysically surveyed but was identified during the initial site walkover. Trench 12 was also orientated north/south and was located in order to identify a large pit feature towards the northern end as depicted on the geophysical interpretation plan (Figure 26). Similar to Trench 11, the southern end was located within unsurveyed marshy land at the south-eastern extent of the elongated earthwork whilst a spur off the eastern side of the trench was positioned in order to evaluate the nature of north/south and north- east/south-west orientated linear anomalies. Trench 13 was an additional facet of the

8 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

fieldwork, excavated following a site visit from the County Archaeologist to further investigate the isolated mound around the northern end of Trench 11.

4.8.2 Trench 11 was excavated through 0.19m of waterlogged, dark greyish-brown loamy clay topsoil (1101) and a stony, colluvial, sandy clay subsoil (1102) that deepened from south to north from 0.12m to 0.23m in depth. A firmer light yellow clay substrate (1103) with occasional rounded and sub-angular pebble inclusions formed the base of the trench. Frequent small fragments of shattered shale and coal were observed within the topsoil and ashy subsoil at the southern end of the trench on the slope of the elongated earthwork, confirming the interpretation of the feature as a spoil heap associated with mining activity in the area, as postulated in the WSI for the project. Three ceramic-pipe land-drains were encountered within the substrate of the southernmost 20m of the trench that all followed a south-east/north-west orientation and were spaced c.6.8m apart. An additional south- east/north-west land-drain was observed 11m from the northern end of the trench. Between the southern and northern drains, the edge of a stone lined carrier drain was observed for a length of c.8m on a north-south orientation in the eastern facing section of the trench which is likely to be connected with the smaller ceramic drains (Figure 27). 4.8.3 Whilst setting out the trenches the northern end of the trench was positioned within a slight depression at the foot of the isolated mound, but still within an area of disturbance associated with the mound as marked on the geophysical interpretation plan (Figure 26). The topsoil here became very dark, consisting of loamy clay with a high percentage of small coal and shale fragments but no further archaeological deposits or features were encountered. This led to the excavation of Trench 13 (following a site visit from the County Archaeologist) located directly on the southern slope of the mound (avoiding the central depression of the mound) in order to ascertain its form and function. 4.8.4 Trench 13 measured 2x10m and was located just over 5m to the north-east of the northern end of Trench 11 (Figure 26). The topsoil over the crest of the mound (1301) had a maximum depth of 0.32m and was black in colour, consisting almost entirely of coal fragments, coal dust and shattered shale mixed with a small amount of loamy soil. At the western end of the trench, topsoil overlay a disturbed, mid greyish-brown, silty, ashy clay subsoil (1302) with a depth of 0.29m, which graded out over a distance of 3m and mixed with a deliberate deposit of coarseDraft shattered shale, coal and gravel spoil (1303). This overlay the natural clay substrate (1304). The ashy subsoil (1302) is likely to represent re-deposited material that was laid down at the same time as the spoil (1303). The substrate was intentionally overcut in the base of the trench during machining to ensure that the clay was not a deliberate capping lens over the top of additional deposits. No further deposits were encountered. In section the substrate and overlying subsoil were clearly rising and falling across the length of the trench prior to the intentional deposit of spoil over the top (Figure 28). The spoil has merely added to the height of a naturally occurring rise within the field, creating an exaggerated mound. 4.8.5 Trench 12 was excavated through 0.24m of waterlogged, dark greyish-brown silty clay topsoil (1201) and sandy clay, colluvial subsoil (1202) with a maximum thickness of 0.4m within the spur off the eastern side of the trench but around 0.13m towards the northern end. Firmer light yellow but very wet natural clay substrate (1203) formed the base of the trench (Figure 29). The southernmost 10m section of the trench was located

9 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

within boggy ground. A number of land-drains were observed within the clay substrate following various orientations, with a particular concentration of three towards the northern end in the area of the supposed pit feature depicted on the geophysical interpretation plan. No archaeological features or deposits were revealed. The cut of a modern service trench (redundant) correlated with a north-east/south-west anomaly in the area of the eastern trench spur, whilst a north/south orientated ceramic land-drain was identified at the eastern extent of the spur, again correlating with the anomaly depicted in the geophysical data.

5 THE FINDS Dr Robin Holgate MCIfA, FSA A small quantity of finds came from contexts within Trenches 2, 4, 6, 11 and 12. 5.1 Pottery 5.1.1 A total of nine fragments of pottery was recovered as summarised in Table 1. The pottery represents 16th-20th centuries utilitarian wares (e.g. stonewares) and refined earthenwares (e.g.whiteware) used for storage, preparation and consumption of food. These mass-produced potsherds are in no way unusual and parallels can be found on rural sites in Derbyshire producing pottery from the 16th-20th centuries. Fabric Context TOTALS

(201) (205) (601) (1101) (1201)

Midlands Purple Type Ware (16th-17th - 1 - - - 1 century)

White salt-glazed stoneware (late 18th 1 - - - - 1 century)

Brown glazed stoneware (19th century) - - - 1 - 1 Mocha Ware (late 19th century) Draft- - - 1 - 1 Whiteware, including blue-and-white 2 - 1 - 2 5 transfer-printed ware (19th-early 20th century)

TOTALS 3 1 1 2 2 9

Table 1. The Pottery.

5.2 Clay Tobacco Pipe 5.2.1 A plain stem fragment of clay tobacco pipe with a stem bore measuring 8/16” possibly dating to the 17th century date was recovered from topsoil in Trench 4.

10 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

5.3 Ironwork 5.3.1 A corroded L-shaped iron rod was recovered the fill of a ceramic-pipe land-drain trench (207) that truncated the northern edge of field boundary ditch F203 in Trench 2. The rod is c.0.24m in length; it has a square cross-section and probably represents the remains of either a gate fastening or part of a harrow or rake of 20th century date. 5.4 Slag 5.4.1 A fragment of blast furnace slag, probably dating to the 20th century, was also recovered from the fill (207) of the same land-drain trench in Trench 2. 5.5 Finds Discussion and Recommendations 5.5.1 This is a small assemblage largely comprising 18th-20th centuries material from topsoil. Post-medieval regional research objectives for ‘developing further the study of ceramic assemblages’ and ‘exploring the evidence for continuing non-factory trades and industries’ highlight relevant topics of further research as “studies of individual assemblages which offer the chance to contribute to biographies of households and individuals” (Knight et al. 2012, 119) and archaeological studies in conjunction with economic historians and geographers to “illuminate the scale and use of buildings and associated rubbish deposits, economic and demographic factors, and the topographic context” (Knight et al. 2012, 132). The finds are not unusual in any respect for a rural site of this nature, and is thus of no further analytical potential. The finds could be discarded, returned to the landowner or submitted as part of the archive. No conservation work is necessary.

6 DISCUSSION 6.1 Archaeological features were encountered in Trenches 2, 3 and 4, whereas the majority of the remaining trenches were found to contain non-archaeological features relating to one or more of the following categories: the routes of live or redundant services (Trenches 2, 3 and 12); areas of modern landfill (Trench 9); features associated with post- medieval land drainage (Trench 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12) or evidence pertaining to historic mining activity (Trenches 8, 11 and 13). Only Trench 6 was blank, consisting of undisturbed geological strata within the visible extents of the excavated area. 6.2 As explained in the geophysicalDraft report undertaken by AOC Archaeology Group (Lawson and Galt 2016), a linear feature that extends from the corner of the gardens at the south-western extent of the housing estate to the western side of the PDA corresponds with a field boundary first depicted on the 1882 Ordnance Survey (OS) map of the area (Figure 30). In the historic mapping data within the desk-based assessment for the site (DBA) (Pinnock 2016) this field boundary is no longer depicted on OS maps by 1899. In Trench 2, the ditch (F203) that was excavated towards the northern end of the trench (see section 4.3.3 and Figure 8 of this report) is most likely to represent the truncated, basal remains of this field boundary. 6.3 Many of the features of the evaluation, both archaeological and non-archaeological, correlate well with the results of the geophysical survey. In Trenches 1, 2 and 4 (Figures 3, 5 and 10) land-drains were encountered during excavation that were orientated and positioned according to the locations of linear trends in the geophysical data on the western side of the modern trackway that runs through the south-western portion of the site. On the

11 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

eastern side of the trackway in Trenches 3 and 4, a number of linear trends that were similarly aligned as the trackway (south-east/north-west) were not identified as archaeological features by the evaluation but rather as geological characteristics of the underlying substrate. Sandy striations through the natural clay were identified that could facilitate similar sub-surface drainage as land-drains and might have contributed to the anomaly in the geophysical data. The orientations of these sandy bands through the clay match the orientation of the modern trackway that overlies the route of the purported Roman road purely as a consequence of the prevailing hill-slope in this area and water finding the most direct course downslope. 6.4 The trackway itself is also first depicted on the 1882 OS map of the area (see the north-west/south-east line on the map and plan in Figure 30 that crosses the north-east end of the red polygon) and remains on maps of the area through to the present day (Pinnock 2016; 21-23). Though the modern trackway supposedly overlies the purported route of the Buxton to Manchester Roman road, the archaeological evaluation did not confirm this. The layers of clay beneath the modern trackway surface in Trenches 3 and 4 (see section 4.4 of this report) might well reflect the intentional construction of a more hardy surface over the top of a naturally hollowed-out channel down the hill-side that was initially carved by water action (blue sandy clay (410) beneath track bedding clay (408)). The adjacent shallow drainage ditch (F304 in Trench 3, F404 in Trench 4) also adds to the interpretation of the feature as an earlier trackway, but given that no material culture or other dating evidence was recovered from any track-associated context it is not possible to postulate a date range for the buried routeway. 6.5 Further to the east within the southern fields, Trenches 5 and 7 contained further examples of land-drains that correlated with linear trends within the geophysical data. In Trench 6, two discrete linear trends were not identified by the evaluation. Trench 7 did reveal a crudely constructed stone field boundary just beneath the topsoil that corresponds with an east-north-east/west-south-west orientated geophysical anomaly. It is likely that this is associated with modern clearance within the pasture field and the demarcation of the northern edge of the field adjacent to a steep drop-off and wooded area that separates the northern and southern fields. 6.6 Evaluation trenches in the northern field revealed convincing evidence of former industrial practices and land-usesDraft that have shaped this part of the PDA. The western end of Trench 8 (located in an area of disturbance on the geophysical plan) revealed a dispersed spread of mining and industrial-related spoil (slag, ash, coal and shale) within the topsoil and subsoil. This area of the site is within 50m of the location of the former Shallcross Hall Colliery buildings which were operated from 1909-1925 (Leach 1992). The north-eastern part of the 1940’s/50’s housing estate around Vaughan Road now occupies the former colliery site. The spoil heaps identified in Trenches 11 and 13 are likely to be associated with mining of the Red Ash, White Ash and Ganister coal seams of the wider area that were extensively mined throughout the late 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. The locations of a number of pits and shafts are noted within the DBA (Pinnock 2016) beyond the northern and western edges of the PDA and also to the south of Shallcross Road which runs along the high ridge at the southern extent of the southern fields. It is also documented elsewhere that undermining of the Shallcross Incline that forms the eastern border of the PDA led the need of it being continually raised throughout this period and that thousands of tons of

12 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

ashes were tipped in the area in order to facilitate this (Leach 1992, 39). The general loose compaction and boggy nature of the coaldust and shale-rich heaps and scrub areas within the northern field certainly attest to this type of land-use. 6.7 Trench 13 was added to the evaluation in order to further investigate an isolated mound within the northern field. Only the southern slope of the mound was investigated and care was taken to not track directly over the top with the machine in case the mound turned out to be an un-marked shaft related to the mining industry. During excavation this did not seem to be the case and the mound has been recorded as a spoil-heap formed of shattered shale, ash and coal-rich spoil that was dumped on a naturally occurring raise within the field. 6.8 Land-drainage once again accounts for a number of correlations between features of the evaluation and the geophysical data within the northern field. In Trenches 10 and 12 land-drains confirmed the interpretations of anomalies in the geophysical data whereas drains in Trenches 8, 9 and 11 showed that not all areas of land-drainage were identified by the geophysical survey. In Trench 8 particularly, the presence of three different types of land-drain attest to a long history of drainage-related problems in the area.

7 PUBLICITY, CONFIDENTIALITY, AND COPYRIGHT 7.1 Any publicity will be handled by the client. 7.2 Archaeological Research Services Ltd will retain the copyright of all documentary and photographic material under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988).

8 STATEMENT OF INDEMNITY 8.1 All statements and opinions contained within this report arising from the works undertaken are offered in good faith and compiled according to professional standards. No responsibility can be accepted by the author of the report for any errors of fact or opinion resulting from data supplied by any third party, or for loss or other consequence arising from decisions or actions made upon the basis of facts or opinions expressed in any such report(s), howsoever such facts and opinions may have been derived. 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Draft 9.1 Archaeological Research Services Ltd would like to thank everyone who contributed to the outcome of this project. In particular we would like to thank Site Plan UK LLP for commissioning the work, the landowner, Mr A. Shuker, for his assistance on site and for facilitating site access, and Steve Baker and Dave Barrett of Derbyshire County Council for their helpful advice both before and during the excavations.

10 REFERENCES British Geological Survey (BGS) 2017. Geology of Britain viewer. Available online at: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home/html [Accessed 30th January 2017]. Knight, D., Vyner, B., and Allen, C. 2012. East Midlands Heritage: An Updated Research Agenda and Strategy for the historic Environment of the East Midlands. Nottingham.

13 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Lawton, J. and Galt, A. 2016. Land at Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. Archaeological Geophysical Survey. AOC Archaeology Group, Report No. 51658. Leach, J. 1992. Coal Mining Around Whaley Bridge. Derbyshire County Council Library Service. Pinnock, D. 2016. Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment. On Site Archaeology Ltd (OSA), Report No. OSA16DT19.

Draft

14 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

APPENDIX I: THE FIGURES

Draft

15 Draft

Figure 1. Site Location Map Copyright/ Licencing This Drawing Scale: Varies © A.R.S. Ltd N Ordnance Survey data if applicable © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved reproduction with permission. Licence No. 100045420 Figure 2. Plan Showing Extent of Excavated Areas (annotated onto geophysical survey) (after AOC 2016, Figure 5)

Scale: 1:2000 @ A4

Key:

Areas unsuitable for trenching

T9 Gas Pipe Buffer Zone

T10

T13

T11

T12

DraftT7 N

Field Drain

304 303 305 T3 T6

Live Service

204 Field Drain

203 Field Drain T5 T2

404 405 T4 Copyright/ Licencing

205 205 Live Service 206 This Drawing © A.R.S. Ltd T1 Metres 0 50 100 150 Ordnance Survey data if applicable © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved reproduction with permission. Licence No. 100045420 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 3. Plan of Trench 1 overlain onto geophysical survey.

Draft

Figure 4. Annotated photograph of Trench 1, looking south-west. Scale: 2x2m.

18 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 5. Plan of Trench 2 overlain onto geophysical survey.

19 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 6. Trench 2, looking north-west. Scale: 2x2m.

20 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 7. (Left) F203 plan and south-west facing section. (Right) F205 plan and north-east facing section. Draft

Figure 8. Boundary ditch F203 truncated by land-drains. Scale: 1x1m.

21 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 9. Parallel gully F205 alongside line of live service trench. Scale: 1x1m. Draft

22 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 10. Plan of trenches 3 and 4 overlain onto geophysical survey. Draft

23 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 11. Trench 3, looking north-east. Scale: 2x2m

24 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 12. Trench 4, looking north-east. Scale: 2x2m.

25 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 13. Annotated photograph showing the extent of the trackway in Trench 3 and gully F304 truncated by a land-drain, looking east. Scale: 1x1m. Draft

Figure 14. Gully F304 plan and north-west facing section.

26 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 15. (Upper) Oblique view of the north-west facing section through trackway in Trench 4, looking east. Scale: 1x2m. (Lower) Series (x4) showingDraft investigation into wet clay (410), looking west. Scale: 1x2m.

Figure 16. North-west facing section through trackway and gully F404.

27 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 17. Plan of Trench 5 overlain onto geophysical survey.

28 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 18. (Top left) Investigation sondage through subsoil (502) down to natural clay. (Top right) Trench 5, looking south-east. DraftNote the change from wet clay to sand roughly half-way up. (Lower left) Vertical cut and sandy clay fill of land-drain. (Lower right) Course of rock-filled soakaway. Scale: 0.5m graduations.

29 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 19. Plan of Trenches 6 and 7 overlain onto geophysical survey.

Draft

30 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 20. (Left) Investigation sondage through subsoil (602), looking south-east. (Right) Trench 6, looking west-south-west. Scale: 0.5m graduations. Draft

Figure 21. (Left) Trench 7, looking west-south-west. (Right) West-south-west facing section through field boundary F703 with earthwork visible through field surface beyond. Scale: 0.5m graduations.

31 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft Figure 22. Plan of Trenches 8, 9 and 10 overlain onto geophysical survey.

32 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 23. (Left) Trench 8, looking west-south-west. (Top right) Gravel soakaway. (Mid right) Ceramic land- drain. (Lower right) Stone lined and cappedDraft drain. Scale: 0.5m graduations

33 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 24. (Left) Trench 9, looking north. (Top right) Backfill plugging an upwelling of ground water adjacent to a land-drain. (Lower right) Annotated photo showing modern tip F904. Scale: 0.5m graduations. Draft

Figure 25. (Left) Trench 10, looking east with central flooding. (Right) Trench 10, looking west showing three parallel land-drains. Scale: 2x2m.

34 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 26. Trenches 11, 12 and 13 overlain onto geophysical survey.

35 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 27. Trench 11, looking south. Scale: 2x2m. Draft

36 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Figure 28. (Left) Annotated photo of Trench 13, looking north-east. (Right) Detail of coal-rich topsoil (1301) overlying shale/coal/gravel deposit (1303). Scale: 0.5m graduations. Draft

37 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Draft

Figure 29. (Left) Trench 12, annotated, looking south. (Right) Trench 12 eastern spur, annotated, looking east. Scale: 0.5m graduations.

38 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

39 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

APPENDIX II: CONTEXT SUMMARY TABLE

Draft

40 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Trench Context Type Description Interpretation Highest Lowest height height aOD (m) aOD (m) 1 101 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 208.418 206.828 102 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 207.566 206.465 2 201 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 210.182 205.293 202 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 209.385 205.059 203 Fill Light greyish brown silty fill of linear feature cut by two land Fill of old field boundary 206.064 205.79 drains. 204 Cut Shallow linear cut with irregular edges and bottom, truncated by Cut of old field boundary 206.064 205.79 two land drains. ditch/hedgerow filled by (203) 205 Fill Mid brownish grey silty clay fill, very topsoil-like within 2 parallel Disturbance associated with 208.532 208.465 "gullies" alongside a live service. service trench 206 Cut Cut for two parallel u-shaped gullies alongside service trench. Disturbance associated with 208.532 208.465 service trench 207 Fill Light grey silty fill. Fill of land drain that truncates 205.815 205.804 F203 208 Cut U-shaped cut of ditch that truncates F203, vertical on SE side, Cut for ceramic pipe land drain 205.791 205.788 moderate slope on NW side. 3 301 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 207.296 206.993 302 Deposit Light yellowish grey sandy silt clay subsoil deposit. Thin subsoil deposit 207.126 206.783 303 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 206.851 206.365 304 Fill Dark yellowish grey silty clay fill of shallow u-shaped ditch Fill of drainage gully alongside 206.821 206.456 alongside modern trackway. Stones accumulated along NE edge trackway suggest natural filling and silting up from this side over time. 305 Cut U-shaped cut of shallow ditch alongside trackway. Cut for drainage gully alongside 206.821 206.456 Drafttrackway 4 401 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 210.15 209.416 402 Deposit Light yellowish grey sandy silt clay subsoil deposit. Thin subsoil deposit 209.924 209.166 403 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 209.594 208.815 404 Fill Dark yellowish grey silty clay fill of shallow u-shaped ditch Fill of drainage gully alongside 209.75 209.571

41 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Trench Context Type Description Interpretation Highest Lowest height height aOD (m) aOD (m) alongside modern trackway. Cut by animal burrow. trackway 405 Cut U-shaped cut of shallow ditch alongside trackway. Cut for drainage gully alongside 209.75 209.571 trackway 406 Deposit Light yellowish white clay deposit beneath topsoil (401) under Makeup for track surface 210.359 210.063 trackway. In section is arched, rising slightly in centre, 0.18m thick. A band of yellow sandy material (407) is contained within it. 407 Deposit Two bands of yellow clayey sand contained within clay (406). Possibly an old track surface 210.127 210.029 408 Deposit Thick deposit of grey clay beneath trackway, immediately under Makeup for trackway 210.184 209.927 (406). 409 Deposit Subsoil deposit, mid greyish brown, silty clay, almost Subsoil/Buried topsoil 210.056 209.934 indistinguishable from topsoil except for slightly paler colour. 410 Deposit Blueish grey/yellow disturbed clay in two bands beneath Wheel rut disturbance of natural 209.82 209.775 trackway. Discoloured natural in two "wheel ruts". clay associated with trackway 5 501 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged Topsoil 215.396 207.953 502 Deposit Thin subsoil layer (max 0.1m thick), sandy silty clay. Sandier at Subsoil 215.166 207.693 south end of trench where the natural is sandier. 503 Deposit Light greyish yellow/light reddish yellow clay and sand natural Natural deposit 213.762 207.371 deposits. Southern end of the trench is sandier whilst northern end is like natural clay in trenches 1-4. 6 601 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 213.611 207.909 602 Deposit Light reddish yellow sand with occasional pebble inclusions, Natural sand 213.376 207.679 same as natural sand within Trench 5. 7 701 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged.Draft Topsoil 207.933 204.096 702 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 206.167 203.739 703 Deposit Alignment of stones of various sizes from small boulders to large Possible field boundary 204.709 204.351 cobbles. Poorly constructed and loosely packed. 8 801 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 195.069 190.319

42 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Trench Context Type Description Interpretation Highest Lowest height height aOD (m) aOD (m) 802 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 194.587 189.733 9 901 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 190.219 185.056 902 Deposit Mid greyish brown silty clay subsoil deposit. Subsoil 189.969 184.806 903 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 189.652 184.696 904 Fill Mixed deposit of topsoil with inclusions of building materials and Modern tip 186.536 185.933 broken drain. 905 Cut Vertical sided cut through subsoil into natural clay and filled with Cut for modern tip 186.536 185.933 (904). 10 1001 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 192.214 192.018 1002 Deposit Mid greyish brown silty clay subsoil deposit. Subsoil 191.999 191.794 1003 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 191.726 191.227 11 1101 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 200.736 194.663 1102 Deposit Mid greyish brown silty clay subsoil deposit. Subsoil 200.521 194.404 1103 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. Natural clay 199.95 194.133 12 1201 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 203.611 197.998 1202 Deposit Light greyish yellow sandy clay. Subsoil 203.371 197.661 1203 Deposit Yellow natural clay. Natural clay 202.691 197.698 13 1301 Deposit Dark greyish brown silty clay, very waterlogged. Topsoil 195.071 194.555 1302 Deposit Mid greyish brown silty clay subsoil deposit. Subsoil 194.478 194.143 1303 Deposit Dump of shale with coal inclusions forming a sub-circular mound Shale and coal dump 194.839 194.633 in northern field. Overlies natural slope of subsoil (1302) and probably fills a natural depression. 1304 Deposit Light greyish yellow natural clay. DraftNatural clay 194.167 193.905

43 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

APPENDIX III: WRITTEN SCHEME OF INVESTIGATION (WSI)

Draft

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Elnor Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Written Scheme of Investigation

February 2017

Prepared on behalf of: Site Plan UK LLP Date of compilation: February 2017 Compiled by: Ben Dyson, ACIfA Planning Reference: HPK/2016/0516 Local Authority: High Peak Borough Council Site central NGR: SK 01205 80155

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 5 1.1 Project Background ...... 5 1.2 Site Description and Location ...... 5 1.3 Landform and Geology ...... 6 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND...... 6

3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ...... 7 3.1 Regional Research Aims and Objectives ...... 7 3.2 Fieldwork Aims and Objectives ...... 7 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION ...... 7 4.1 Coverage ...... 8 4.2 General Statement of Practice ...... 10 4.3 Methodology ...... 10 4.4 Sampling, Faunal Remains and Treasure ...... 11 4.5 Recording ...... 12 4.6 Finds Processing and Storage ...... 13 4.7 Staffing ...... 14 4.8 Report ...... 14 4.9 Archive Deposition ...... 15 4.10 Monitoring Arrangements ...... 16 5 GENERAL ITEMS ...... 17 5.1 Health and Safety ...... 17 5.2 Insurance Cover ...... 17 5.3 Changes to the Written Scheme of Investigation ...... 17 5.4 Publication ...... 17 6 REFERENCES ...... 17

FIGURES ...... 19

iii

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background 1.1.1 This Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) has been prepared by Archaeological Research Services Ltd (ARS Ltd) on behalf of Site Plan UK LLP. It details a scheme of works for an archaeological evaluation on land north-east of Elnor Lane Farm between Elnor Lane and Buxton Road, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. A planning application has been submitted to High Peak Borough Council (HPK/2016/0516) for the proposed development, which involves the change of use of the field to a new housing estate with an access road. 1.1.2 The Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist has provided the following comments on this application following the provision of a Desk Based Assessment (DBA) (Pinnock, 2016) and Geophysical Survey (Lawton and Galt, 2016): ‘The survey shows possible archaeological remains in the southern part of the site, on and around the suggested alignment of the Buxton to Manchester Roman road. Linear features may correspond to the Roman road line itself, with an associated field system in the surrounding area. However the interpretation is complicated by the modern path on a similar alignment and it is possible that recent field drainage features could also be present. I advise that archaeological field evaluation is required to characterise these features and to establish their significance. This is required before determination of the application (in line with NPPF para 128), in particular because well-preserved Roman road sections are sometimes of schedulable quality (national importance) and because such sections are very rare in this part of Derbyshire. The evaluation should comprise earthwork survey and interpretation of the LiDAR feature on the road line, plus some targeted trial trenching.’

1.1.3 This document has been prepared to fully comply with the stipulations as laid out by the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist. It describes the objectives and methods to be employed and has been approved, in final issue form, by the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist. 1.1.4 The archaeological works will be carried out in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) paragraph 128 (DCLG 2012), where a site on which development is proposed includes or has the potential to include heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate desk-based assessment and, where necessary, a field evaluation. 1.2 Site Description and Location 1.2.1 The ‘red line boundary’ of the proposed development area (hereafter ‘PDA’) covers an area of c.6.88ha and lies roughly 1km south of Whaley Bridge in the district of Horwich End. The PDA comprises the entirety of a field used for rough pasture to the east of an existing housing estate off the east side of Buxton Road, and the northern areas of two better maintained pasture fields immediately to the south and

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

south-west. The boundary between the southern fields is formed by a modern path/track that is on the same north-west/south-east alignment as the putative course of the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road. The site is centred at SK 01205 80155 (Figure 1). 1.3 Landform and Geology 1.3.1 The underlying solid geology of the PDA lies within the Pennine Lower Coal Measures Formation comprising mudstone, siltstone and sandstone overlain by superficial deposits of Diamicton Devensian Till (BGS 2017). A fault line crosses the site on a north-west/south-east alignment with occasional surface outcrops of a coal seam which might explain a number of identified features within the PDA that could be associated with mining/quarrying (Pinnock 2016). 1.3.2 The PDA is situated on slopes that vary in orientation, but in general the entire area is sloping from south-east to north-west, with some of the slopes having a steeper gradient. The boundaries of the northern field were deemed unsuitable for geophysical survey due to marshy, boggy ground (Lawson and Galt 2016). The field also contains an elongated mounded feature (not subjected to geophysical survey) that follows a north-west/south-east orientation, identified on the LiDAR image in the DBA (Pinnock 2016, 25). 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 A detailed archaeological and historical background is presented in the geophysical survey report (Lawson and Galt 2016) as drawn together from the DBA (Pinnock 2016). A brief synopsis is provided below. 2.2 There is no precedent for the presence of prehistoric activity either within the PDA or in the immediate surroundings, although the DBA did reveal a number of artefact find-spots from the wider area that might have a prehistoric provenance. 2.3 The geophysical survey identified anomalies concentrated within the south- west area of the PDA that have been linked to the putative line of the Buxton to Manchester Roman road, with possible features associated with a field system located on either side of it. Given that the line of the road is based on evidence located along a projected line joining two known points of excavated Roman road, there is the possibility that the road will not be found and exists to the west or east of the site. Further Roman activity within the PDA has not been identified although a number of discrete linear anomalies to the east and north-east of the projected road should be evaluated to ascertain their form, date and function. 2.4 Medieval remains might be represented on site by an area of faint ridge and furrow identified on the LiDAR image in the DBA immediately to the south of the 20th century housing estate (Pinnock 2016, 25). These could be associated with Shallcross Hall that was once situated to the south of the PDA in the area of the present-day Shallcross Holiday Cottages. 2.5 Post-medieval and modern features of the site are predominantly associated with the rail and mining industries. Features associated with the railway are not

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

likely to be found within the PDA; rather they form parts of the boundary such as along the eastern edge of the site which comprises a substantial inclined plane on the former route of the Cromford and High Peak railway (Pinnock 2016). Within the site the geophysical survey identified a number of areas along the western edge of the northern field and the northern edge of the southern fields that have been interpreted as areas of modern disturbance associated with surface mining. The extent of this activity is yet to be determined but it has been recorded as a ‘definite’ activity in the southwest portion of the site and ‘probable’ in the northern field. Evaluation of archaeological features across the site will be dependent upon the degree of truncation or disturbance caused by this mining activity. 3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 3.1 Regional Research Aims and Objectives 3.1.1. The proposed archaeological works have the potential to provide evidence relating to research objectives and overarching research themes identified in the Updated Research Agenda for the East Midlands (Knight et al. 2012), notably for the Roman and Medieval Periods. These are: • 5.4, Roman Rural Settlement Patterns and Landscapes • 5.5, The agricultural economy (Knight et al. 2012, 70) and • 7.2, Medieval rural Settlement • 7.7, The agrarian landscape and food-producing economy (Knight et al. 2012, 94). 3.2 Fieldwork Aims and Objectives 3.2.1 The aims and objectives of the evaluation fieldwork are as follows:

 Conduct an initial site walkover and groundwork survey to investigate the LiDAR feature on the road line and to inform the positioning of evaluation trenches.

 Identify the presence/absence of archaeological features and deposits within the site through the excavation of evaluation trenches.

 Record any archaeological features and deposits encountered.

 Sample sufficient of the archaeological features and deposits to establish relative sequence, likely dating and quality of preservation.

 Gather sufficient information to establish the character, extent, form, function and likely status of any surviving archaeological deposits with a view to evaluating their significance and potential to inform the aims and objectives outlined in section 3.1 of this document. 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.1 Coverage 4.1.1 A site walkover and earthwork topographic survey was undertaken in consultation with LiDAR data, the geophysical interpretation plan, aerial photography and site service plans in order to ground-truth the various surveys of the site and create a trench plan that avoids unsuitable areas of the PDA whilst targeting the various supposed archaeological features of the site. As stated previously the redline boundary of the site encloses 6.88 hectares, however, once the areas that are unsuitable for archaeological trenching have been taken into account (red-hatched areas of the annotated plan in Figure 2 denote boggy/marshy ground; cyan-hatched areas denote known gas pipeline and buffer zone; steep slope at the western extent of the PDA), only c.4.5ha is suitable for evaluation trenching. 4.1.2 Within the area of the proposed development a total of 12 trenches will be excavated (Figure 3) based on the data gathered by the site walkover and earthwork survey. The trenches are located as follows:

 Trench 1 measures 13x8m (104m²) and is situated at the south-western extent of the site on gently sloping land to the west of the modern track. The trench is orientated east/west and is located so as to expose a large pit and a section of a linear ditched feature identified by the geophysical survey.

 Trench 2 measures 50x2m (100m²) and is orientated north-west/south-east, c.12m north-east of Trench 1. It is located in order to reveal part of a linear ditched feature and an old field boundary on the crest of the steep slope that extends beyond the north-western end of the trench and a number of sections of linear ditched features and a possible pit associated with the field system on the western side of the purported Roman Road.

 Trench 3 measures 50x2m (100m²) and is orientated north-east/south-west, c.6m to the east of Trench 2. It is located so that the western end crosses a linear ditched feature whilst the central portion crosses the line of the trackway that might overlie the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road. The eastern portion crosses discrete linear features interpreted as medieval ridge and furrow from the LiDAR image and terminates in an area of disturbance that could be associated with mining activity along the northern edge of the southern fields.

 Trench 4 measures 50x2m (100m²) and is orientated north-east/south-west, c.28m south-east of Trench 3. It is located so as to cross the purported Roman Road and to identify linear ditched features on either side.

 Trench 5 measures 50x2m (100m²) and is orientated north-west/south-east, c.20m east of the north-eastern end of Trench 4. It is located on a north-west facing slope with a medium-gradient and crosses discrete linear features of the geophysical interpretation plan at either end as well as a more significant ditched feature close to the half-way point.

 Trench 6 measures 50x2m (100m²) and is orientated east-north-east/west- south-west on the eastern side of the southern fields on an east-north-

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

east/west-south-west facing slope with medium gradient. It is located to identify the nature of two discrete linear trends interpreted in the geophysical data.

 Trench 7 measures 50x2m along an east-north-east/west-south-west orientation c.14m east of the eastern end of Trench 6. The gradient of the east-north-east/west-south-west slope is gentler than in the area of Trench 6. It is located so as to identify the nature of three north-west/south-east orientated ditched features whilst an 8x2m spur off the northern side of the trench is located so as to identify a north-east/south-west orientated ditched feature that might have a relationship with the northern extents of the perpendicular ditches. The T-shaped trench has an area of 116m².

 Trench 8 measures 50x2m (100m²) along a west-south-west/east-north-east orientation towards the northern extent of the suitable ground in the northern field. The western end is located so as to evaluate the nature of disturbed ground identified on the geophysical plot and to assess a blank area with ferrous anomalies further east.

 Trench 9 measures 50x2m (100m²) along a north/south orientation c.40m east of the eastern end of Trench 8. The northern end of the trench is located so as to assess the stratigraphy along the threshold of the unsuitable marshy area at the north of the northern field and the blank better maintained part of the field immediately to the south.

 Trench 10 measures 50x2m (100m²) along an east/west orientation c.12m south of the southern end of Trench 9. It is located in order to identify the nature of discrete parallel linear trends to the west of the known pipeline through the eastern half of the northern field.

 Trench 11 measures 50x2m (100m²) along a north/south orientation c.37m south of Trench 10. It is located so that the northern end reveals the constitution of a distinct circular mound with a central depression in the central area of the northern field and so that the southern end partially moves into the elongated earthwork identified on the LiDAR image and during the site walkover. It is possible that the elongated earthwork represents a loosely compacted and vegetated spoil heap associated with mining/extraction in the area. The trench is purposefully positioned so as to not cross the entire area of the circular mounded feature in the eventuality that it represents an un-marked mine-head/shaft. The DBA identified a number of shafts around the outside perimeter of the PDA but none within.

 Trench 12 measures 50x2m along a north/south orientation c.37m to the east of Trench 11. The northern end of the trench is located so as to identify a large pit feature whilst a 12x2m spur off the eastern edge of the trench around the half-way point is located in order to evaluate the nature of north/south and north-east/south-west orientated linear features. The southern end of the trench is positioned again so that the make-up of the

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

south-eastern end of the elongated earthwork can be observed. The T- shaped trench has an area of 127m². 4.2 General Statement of Practice 4.2.1 All elements of the archaeological evaluation will be carried out in accordance with CIfA’s Code of Conduct (2014a) and Standards and Guidance for Field Evaluation (2014b). 4.2.2 All staff employed on the project will be suitably qualified for their respective project roles and have substantial experience of archaeological excavation and recording. 4.2.3 All staff will be made aware of the archaeological importance of the area surrounding the site and will be fully brief on the work required by this specification. 4.2.4 All ground works covered under this specification will be undertaken by a suitable mechanical excavator fitted with a toothless ditching bucket working in plan. 4.2.5 ARS Ltd will ensure that plant or machinery will not be operated in the immediate vicinity of any archaeological remains until they have been recorded. 4.2.6 Contractors and plant operators will be notified that any observations of archaeological remains must be reported immediately to the archaeologist on site. 4.2.7 Regular contact will be ensured between ARS Ltd and the site project manager to ensure that ARS Ltd is kept up to date with site works and given the chance to respond appropriately and in line with the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist requirements. 4.2.8 All site operations will be carried out in a safe manner in accordance with ARS Ltd’s health and safety policy. A risk assessment will be prepared before commencement on site. 4.3 Methodology Site-walkover and earthwork topographic survey 4.3.1 A site walkover and earthwork topographic survey has already been undertaken on site, conducted by ARS Ltd. It was intended that the survey would be completed using a LEICA survey-grade GPS, recording X, Y and Z values for each plotted point. On the day of the survey it became apparent that sufficient GPS signal coverage was not afforded within the site boundary or within the housing estate to the north-west of the PDA. A measured site plan was therefore created with the combined use of on-site measurements and existing aerial photographs, geophysical survey and LiDAR imagery. The resulting plan was overlain onto the geophysical interpretation (Figure 2) and was used in order to decide on the trench locations depicted in Figure 3. Evaluation Trenching

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.3.1 Topsoil will be removed by a mechanical excavator using a toothless ditching bucket to the first significant archaeological horizon. Mechanical excavation of the overburden will be undertaken in level spits under continuous archaeological supervision. 4.3.2 All trenches will be manually cleaned to an appropriate level to expose the full nature and extent of archaeological features and deposits. 4.3.3 All excavated spoil will be scanned visually to recover small finds. Finds so recovered will be recorded with their location of origin ascribed. Finds will be retained and recorded. 4.3.4 Should archaeological deposits or structures be revealed that are more numerous, better preserved, or of higher status than expected or than which could reasonably be expected consultation will take place with the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist to identify and agree further excavation/recording strategy. 4.3.5 Isolated, discrete features such as pits which do not form structural features or are representative of industrial activities will be 50% sampled, if they produce artefacts then provision is made for full excavation. 4.2.6 Archaeological linear features, such as ditches and gullies that are not of a structural nature, will be sampled to a minimum sample size of 25% away from intersections. Intersections will be sampled and excavated in plan with strategic temporary sections located to demonstrate sequence. 4.3.7 Cut features of an archaeological nature which comprise structural units will be completely excavated to and respect the original interface of construction. 4.3.8 Upstanding or positive features of an archaeological nature, following recording, will be either partially or wholly excavated by hand where such excavation facilitates access to lower lying archaeological stratification. Where said features do not represent elements of a physically superimposed sequence and are observed to be truncating natural strata partial excavation, as a representative sample (to demonstrate construction technique, depth of foundation trench, construction materials etc.) will be undertaken. 4.4 Sampling, Faunal Remains and Treasure 4.4.1 This section outlines sampling methodologies to be utilised in all excavation types. 4.4.2 For sealed and stratigraphically secure deposits that have the potential to provide environmental evidence relating to diet and economy, dating evidence or land use regime, a minimum of 40 litres of sample will be taken, or 100% of the sample if smaller. Samples will be assessed by a suitable specialist and provisions will be made for further scientific dating, where justified against the project aims. 4.4.3 In the case of waterlogged or anaerobic deposits a minimum sample size of 20L will be taken.

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.4.4 Should a sequence of superimposed deposits of note be present, column sampling may be considered. 4.4.5 In all instances sampling strategies will be in accordance with guidelines issued by Historic England’s Environmental Archaeology: A Guide to the Theory and Practice Methods, from sampling and recovery to post excavation (Campbell et al. 2011) and will be targeted in order to explore the levels and types of preservation present. 4.4.6 Should other types of environmental deposits be encountered, appropriate specialist advice will be sought and an appropriate sampling strategy devised. Samples will be assessed by a suitable specialist with provision for further analysis as required. Advice from the Historic England Scientific Advisor will be taken as appropriate. 4.4.7 Any human remains will initially be left in-situ and, if deemed necessary, removal will be undertaken following once a Coroners licence has been obtained in accordance with the relevant Ministry of Justice regulations and in discussion with the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist. 4.4.8 Finds of "treasure" will be reported to the Coroner in accordance with the Treasure Act (DCMS 2008). The Portable Antiquities Liaison Officer will also be notified. HM Coroner Finds Liaison Officer Dr. Robert Hunter Alastair Willis 5-6 Royal Court Museum and Art Gallery Basil Close The Strand Chesterfield Derby Derbyshire Derbyshire S41 7SL DE1 1BS

Tel: 01246 273058 Tel: 01332 641 903 e-mail: [email protected] 4.4.9 The Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist will also be notified and, if necessary, a site meeting arranged to determine if further investigation in the vicinity of the find spot is required. 4.5 Recording 4.5.1 Site recording will follow standard conventions outlined in the Site Recording Manual of Museum of London Archaeology Service (MoLAS) (2002). 4.5.2 The site will be tied into the National Grid and located on a 1:2500 or 1:1250 map of the area. The site will be recorded in accordance with the ARS Ltd. field recording manual. 4.5.3 A full and proper record (written, graphic and photographic as appropriate) will be made for all work, using pre-printed record sheets with text descriptions appropriate to the work. Accurate measured scale plans and sections/elevations will

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

be drawn where required at the appropriate and in accordance with best practice. In addition to relevant illustrations, provision for rectified photographic recording shall be made, if deemed necessary. 4.5.4 A plan of the excavated areas will be maintained, features noted and section lines recorded. All drawings will be carried out at an appropriate scale and all contexts will be recorded using a single context recording system. 4.5.5 Sample representative levels will be taken to record the maximum depth of excavation and /or natural should no archaeological features be uncovered. 4.5.6 The site archive will include plans and sections at an appropriate scale, a scale photographic record, and full stratigraphic records on recording forms/context sheets or their electronic equivalent. 4.5.7 A stratigraphy of the site will be recorded. 4.5.8 The heights above sea level will be recorded for all deposits and features in metres above Ordnance Datum (aOD). 4.5.9 A full photographic record will be compiled using a digital camera, and a register of all photographs will be kept. The photographic record will encompass all encountered archaeological entities. In addition key relationships between entities, where these help demonstrate sequence or form, will also be photographed. A clearly visible, graduated metric scale will be included in all record shots. A supplementary record of working images will be taken to demonstrate how the site was investigated and what the prevailing conditions were like during excavation. 4.5.10 A stratigraphic matrix will be compiled for all trenches where superimposed archaeological deposits, features or structures are encountered. 4.6 Finds Processing and Storage 4.6.1 All finds processing, conservation work and storage of finds will be carried out in accordance with the CIfA (2014c) Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials and the UKIC (1990) Guidelines for the Preparation of Archives for Long-Term Storage. 4.6.2 Artefact collection and discard policies will be appropriate for the defined purpose. 4.6.3 Bulk finds which are not discarded will be washed and marked. Marking and labelling will be indelible and irremovable by abrasion. Bulk finds will be appropriately bagged, boxed and recorded. This process will be carried out no later than two months after the end of the excavation. 4.6.4 All small finds will be recorded as individual items and appropriately packaged (e.g. lithics in self-sealing plastic bags and ceramic in acid-free tissue paper). 4.6.5 Vulnerable objects will be specially packaged and textile, painted glass and coins stored in appropriate specialist systems. This process will be carried out within two days of the small find being excavated.

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.6.6 During and after the excavation all objects will be stored in appropriate materials and storage conditions to ensure minimal deterioration and loss of information (including controlled storage, correct packaging, and regular monitoring, immediate selection for conservation of vulnerable material). All storage will have appropriate security provision. 4.6.7 The deposition and disposal of artefacts will be agreed with the legal owner and Buxton Museum and Art Gallery prior to the work taking place. All finds except treasure trove are the property of the landowner. 4.6.8 All retained artefacts and ecofacts will be cleaned and packaged in accordance with the requirements of the recipient museum. 4.7 Staffing 4.7.1 The Project Manager for the archaeological evaluation will be Reuben Thorpe MCIfA, FSA Projects Manager at ARS Ltd. The Fieldwork Project Officer will be Ben Dyson ACIfA, Project Officer at ARS Ltd. 4.7.2 Finds analysis will be carried out by appropriately qualified specialists as detailed subject to availability.

 Flint and prehistoric pottery: Dr Robin Holgate MCIfA, FSA

 Romano-British pottery: Jeremy Evans or Dr Phil Mills MCIfA

 Samian ware: Dr Gwladys Monteil

 Medieval and post-medieval pottery Dr Chris Cumberpatch or Dr Robin Holgate, MCIfA, FSA

 Medieval and post-medieval Mike Wood MCIfA metalwork, glass and clay pipes:

 Plant macrofossils and charcoals: Luke Parker

 Human and animal bone: Milena Grzybowska

 Radiocarbon dating: Professor Gordon Cook (SUERC)

 Finds conservation: Vicky Garlick (Durham University) 4.8 Report 4.8.1 Following completion of the archaeological evaluation, ARS Ltd will produce a report which will include:

 Non-technical summary

 Introductory statement

 Aims and purpose of the project

 Methodology

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

 A location plan showing all excavated areas and any archaeological features with respect to nearby fixed structures and roads

 Illustrations of all archaeological features with appropriately scaled hachured plans and sections

 An objective summary statement of results

 Conclusions

 Supporting data – tabulated or in appendices to include:

 Specialist Reports

 Structural and Stratigraphic details

 Index to archive and details of archive location

 References

 Statement of intent regarding publication

 Confirmation of archive transfer arrangements

 A copy of the OASIS form. 4.9 Archive Deposition 4.9.1 At the inception of the project, Buxton Museum and Art Gallery will be notified. 4.9.2 One bound copy with a digital copy of the final report in PDF/A format on disc will be deposited with the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER). A copy of the report will be updated as part of the OASIS record (see 4.9.10 below) for online access via the Archaeological Data Service. 4.9.3 Should the archaeological evaluation produce no archaeologically significant finds, then it is not necessary to deposit an archive with Buxton Museum and Art Gallery. This is in line with the Museums of Derbyshire Procedures for the Transfer of Archaeological Archives (Museums of Derbyshire 2016, 9). 4.9.4 Should the archaeological evaluation produce archaeologically significant finds, a project archive will be prepared for deposition by ARS Ltd with Weston Park Museum. The archive will comprise the primary records and synthetic works arising from the project, including documents, plans, sections, photographs, and electronic data and an accompanying metadata statement. 4.9.5 The archive will be deposited in line with the CIfA (2014d) Standard and Guidance for the creation, compilation, transfer and deposition of archaeological archives, Society of Museum Archaeologists (1999) Selection, Retention and Dispersal of Archaeological Collections. Guidelines for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and Conditions for the Acceptance of Archaeological Material from Excavations and Field Work (2003). In addition, the recommendations of Procedures for the Deposition of Archaeological Archives from Derbyshire at Museums Sheffield

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

(Museums of Derbyshire 2016) will be adhered to. The archive will be deposited within two months of the completion of the report. 4.9.6 The Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist and Museum Curator will be notified at the earliest opportunity should the site produce archaeologically significant, unusual, or unexpected finds. 4.9.7 The Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist will be notified in writing on completion of the fieldwork with projected dates for the completion of the report and deposition of the archive. The date for deposition of the archive and its contents will be outlined in the report and the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist informed in writing on final deposition of the archive. 4.9.8 All retained artefacts and associated material will be cleaned, recorded, properly stored and deposited in the archive. 4.9.9 A full set of annotated, illustrative pictures of the site, excavation, features, layers and selected artefacts will be deposited with the archive as digital images on disc. 4.9.10 At the start of work (immediately before fieldwork commences) an OASIS online record http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/project/oasis/ will be initiated and key fields completed on Details, Location and Creators forms. All parts of the OASIS online form will be completed for submission to the Derbyshire HER. This will include an uploaded .pdf version of the entire report. 4.9.11 Depending on the requirements of the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist, the results of the work or a synthesis of them will be published in an appropriate archaeological journal. 4.9.12 Any publicity will be handled by the client. Archaeological Research Services Ltd will retain the copyright of all documentary and photographic material under the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act (1988). 4.10 Monitoring Arrangements 4.10.1 Notice of no less than five working days, prior to commencement of recording and monitoring will be given to the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist.

Steve Baker Derby and Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist Economy, Transport and Environment Derbyshire County Council Shand House Dale Road South Matlock Derbyshire DE4 3RY Tel: 01629 539773

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

4.10.2 The contractor will liaise closely with the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist so that the site may be inspected when fieldwork is near to completion. Excavations will only be backfilled following the approval of the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist. 4.10.3 The client will afford reasonable access to Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist or their representative, for the purposes of monitoring the archaeological works. ARS Ltd will liaise with the client and the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist at regular intervals throughout the course of the work. 5 GENERAL ITEMS 5.1 Health and Safety All work will be carried out in accordance with The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Specific health and safety policies exist for all out workplaces and all staff employed will be made aware of the policy and any relevant issues. The particular risks involved with this project will be assessed, recorded and relevant mitigation measures put in place as part of a full risk assessment, which will be compiled in advance of fieldwork. ARS Ltd retains Peninsula as its expert health and safety consultants. 5.2 Insurance Cover ARS Ltd has full insurance cover for employee liability public liability, professional indemnity and all-risks cover. 5.3 Changes to the Written Scheme of Investigation Changes to the approved methodology or programme of works will only be made with prior written approval of the Derbyshire Development Control Archaeologist. 5.4 Publication If significant archaeological remains are recorded, a summary of the project with, if appropriate, selected drawings, illustrations and photographs will be submitted within 2 years of the completion of the project to Derbyshire Archaeological Journal for publication. ARS Ltd has full insurance cover for employee liability public liability, professional indemnity 6 REFERENCES British Geological Survey 2017. Geology of Britain viewer. Available online at: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home/html [Accessed 30th January 2017].

Campell, G., Moffett, L. and Straker, V. 2011. Environmental Archaeology: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Methods, from sampling and recovery to post excavation (second edition). Portsmouth, Historic England.

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014a. Code of Conduct. Reading, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014b. Standard and Guidance for Field Evaluation. Reading, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014c. Standard and Guidance for the collection, documentation, conservation and research of archaeological materials. Reading, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.

Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (CIfA) 2014d. Standard and Guidance for the creation, compilation, transfer and deposition of archaeological archives. Reading, Chartered Institute for Archaeologists.

Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG). 2012. National Planning Policy Framework. London, Crown Copyright.

Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS). 2008. Treasure Act 1996 Code of Practice (Second Revision). London, The Stationery Office.

Knight, D., Vyner, B., and Allen, C. 2012. East Midlands Heritage: An Updated Research Agenda and Strategy for the historic Environment of the East Midlands. Nottingham.

Lawton, J. and Galt, A. 2016. Land at Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. Archaeological Geophysical Survey. AOC Archaeology Group, Report No. 51658.

Museums in Derbyshire 2016. Procedures for the Deposition of Archaeological Archives from Derbyshire at Museums Sheffield. Matlock, Derbyshire County Archaeological Services.

Museum of London Archaeology Service (MOLAS). 2002. Site Recording Manual. London, Museum of London Archaeology Service.

Pinnock, D. 2016. Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. Archaeological Desk Based Assessment. On Site Archaeology Ltd (OSA), Report No. OSA16DT19.

Society of Museum Archaeologists 1993. Selection, Retention and Dispersal of Archaeological Collections. Guidelines for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. London: Society of Museum Archaeologists.

United Kingdom Institute for Conservation. 1990. Guidelines for the Preparation of Archives for Long-Term Storage.

Written Scheme of Investigation for Archaeological Works on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Elnor Lane, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

FIGURES

Figure 1. Site Location Map Copyright/ Licencing This Drawing Scale: Varies © A.R.S. Ltd N Ordnance Survey data if applicable © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved reproduction with permission. Licence No. 100045420 Figure 2. Results of walkover/earthwork survey annotated onto geophysical survey plan (after AOC 2016, Figure 5).

Scale: As shown

Key:

Un-trenchable boggy marshland.

Line of gas main and 10m buffer either side.

Outline of large mound depicted on LiDAR in northern field (probable spoil heap 20m wide).

Circular mound within trenchable area of northern field.

General direction of slopes.

Section line across track in southern field (line of putative Roman Road). Arrow indicates orientation of photograph (see below).

Access between northern and southern field. 3m wide through boggy terrain.

Large trees within PDA.

Metres 0 60 (10m wide)

Sketch profile over modern trackway Copyright/ Licencing Metres 0 5 This Drawing © A.R.S. Ltd Max. height of wheel-rut banks = 0.5m above level of field Ordnance Survey data if applicable © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved Fairly level ground either side of trackway reproduction with permission. NE SW View of track profile, looking south-east Licence No. 100045420 Figure 3. Trench Location Plan annotated onto site walkover/earthwork survey and geophysical survey (after AOC 2016, Figure 5)

Scale: As shown

T9 T8

T10

T11

T12

T7 T6 T3 T5 T2 T1 T4 N

Ordnance Survey data if applicable © Crown Copyright, all rights reserved reproduction with permission. Licence No. 100045420 Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire

APPENDIX IV: OASIS FORM

Draft

2/24/2017 OASIS FORM - Print view

OASIS DATA COLLECTION FORM: England

Printable version

OASIS ID: archaeol5-277372

Project details Project name Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Short description Twelve trenches were excavated in accordance with the trench plan in Figure 3 of the of the project Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) for the project and an additional trench was opened following a monitoring visit by Dave Barrett, County Archaeologist for Derbyshire. The trenches were located in order to target possible archaeological features identified by previous assessments, which include a desk based assessment, a geophysical survey and a site walkover. Trench 2 revealed a ditch on the same alignment as a field boundary that is depicted on the 1882 Ordnance Survey map and was identified by the geophysical survey. The ditch produced no datable material and was truncated by later land-drainage activity. Trenches 3 and 4 crossed a modern trackway that passed through the south- western part of the proposed development area and had been interpreted as overlying the course of the Buxton to Manchester Roman Road. Sections in each trench revealed an earlier iteration of a trackway below the modern gravel surface (not observed in plan during machining). A potential earlier surface of indeterminable date was constructed of a thin, domed band of sandy clay which overlay an intentional deposit of bedding-clay that cut through modern and buried topsoil on each side of the trackway. On the south- western side of the trackway in both trenches a shallow linear ditched feature was revealed that cut into the natural substrate adjacent to the bedding-clay. This was interpreted as a possible drainage gully, but no dating material was found in either of the excavated sections. Project dates Start: 08-02-2017 End: 17-02-2017 Previous/future Yes / Not known work Type of project Field evaluation Monument type DITCH Post Medieval Monument type DITCH Post Medieval Monument type LAND DRAIN Post Medieval Monument type BOUNDARY Modern Monument type LAND DRAIN Modern Monument type DITCH Modern Monument type SPOIL HEAP Post Medieval Significant Finds POTTERY Post Medieval Significant Finds POTTERY Modern Significant Finds METAL Modern Significant Finds SLAG Modern Methods & ''Targeted Trenches'' techniques Development type Housing estate https://oasis.ac.uk/form/print.cfm 1/3 2/24/2017 OASIS FORM - Print view Prompt Planning condition Position in the Between deposition of an application and determination planning process

Project location Country England Site location DERBYSHIRE HIGH PEAK WHALEY BRIDGE Land associated with Elnor Lane Farm Study area 1267 Square metres Site coordinates SK 01205 80155 53.318051958754 -1.981909554042 53 19 04 N 001 58 54 W Point

Project creators Name of Archaeological Research Services Ltd Organisation Project brief Archaeological Research Services Ltd originator Project design Archaeological Research Services Ltd originator Project Reuben Thorpe director/manager Project supervisor Ben Dyson

Project archives Physical Archive N/A recipient Physical Contents ''Ceramics'',''Industrial'',''Metal'' Digital Archive Derbyshire HER recipient Digital Contents ''none'' Digital Media ''Images raster / digital photography'',''Survey'',''Text'' available Paper Archive Derbyshire HER recipient Paper Contents ''none'' Paper Media ''Context sheet'',''Drawing'',''Plan'',''Report'' available

Project bibliography 1 Grey literature (unpublished document/manuscript) Publication type Title Archaeological Evaluation Trenching on Land Associated with Elnor Lane Farm, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Author(s)/Editor(s) Dyson, B. Date 2017 Issuer or publisher Archaeological Research Services Ltd Place of issue or Sale, Greater Manchester publication

Entered by Ben Dyson ([email protected]) Entered on 24 February 2017 https://oasis.ac.uk/form/print.cfm 2/3 2/24/2017 OASIS FORM - Print view

OASIS:

Please e-mail Historic England for OASIS help and advice © ADS 1996-2012 Created by Jo Gilham and Jen Mitcham, email Last modified Wednesday 9 May 2012 Cite only: http://www.oasis.ac.uk/form/print.cfm for this page

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