Por Enxergar Demais. a Pintura De Hugo Adami

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Por Enxergar Demais. a Pintura De Hugo Adami IVANA SOARES PAIM POR ENXERGAR DEMAIS. A PINTURA DE HUGO ADAMI Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Artes Plásticas da Escola de Comunicação e Artes SÃO PAULO/SP 2002 IVANA SOARES PAIM POR ENXERGAR DEMAIS. A PINTURA DE HUGO ADAMI Dissertação apresentada ao departamento de Artes Plásticas da Escola de Comunicação e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo como exigência parcial para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História da Arte, sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Domingos Tadeu Chiarelli Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Artes Plásticas da Escola de Comunicação e Artes SÃO PAULO/SP 2002 IVANA SOARES PAIM POR ENXERGAR DEMAIS. A PINTURA DE HUGO ADAMI Banca julgadora: ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Orientador: _______________________________ Data: _____/_____/_____. Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Artes Plásticas da Escola de Comunicação e Artes SÃO PAULO/SP 2002 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço à família do artista, aos colecionadores que gentilmente disponibilizaram suas coleções para este estudo. Ao pessoal do Museu Lasar Segall e do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros da USP, como também aos funcionários do Museu de Arte Moderna de São Paulo, do Museu de Arte Contemporânea da USP, da Biblioteca Municipal Mário de Andrade, da biblioteca e arquivo da Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco da USP e da Sociarte, que foram tão prestativos. Obrigada às pessoas que, de variadas maneiras, tanto contribuíram para a realização desta pesquisa: meus pais, Ana Thereza e Antônio, minha irmã Eliana e os amigos Roberto Grande Jr., Renata V. G. Rozestraten, Luciano Schinke, Rodrigo C. Cosentino, Maria Cecília Kunigk e Joaquim Nunes. Agradeço especialmente a dedicação do professor orientador, Tadeu Chiarelli e a atenção e colaboração dos professores Helouise Costa, Lorenzo Mammi, Luciano Migliaccio e Mayra Laudanna. Dedico este trabalho à memória de Hugo Adami. RESUMO Este estudo tem por objetivo contextualizar e esclarecer a importância da pintura do artista paulistano Hugo Adami para o Modernismo de São Paulo, como também, analisar esta produção entre o início da década de vinte e meados dos anos quarenta. A abordagem de sua pintura permeia questões como o Acadêmico, o Realismo, a pintura não-figurativa e as tendências de Retorno à Ordem, surgidas na Europa no período entre guerras. Esta monografia se propõe também a analisar o reflexo daquelas questões na arte brasileira e o reconhecimento de suas diretrizes nas pinturas de Adami, que seriam significativas para o desenvolvimento do projeto modernista de Mário de Andrade, em São Paulo, no final dos anos vinte. ABSTRACT This monograph aims to contextualize and clarify the importance that Hugo Adami’s paintings had to the development of Modernism in São Paulo. It also analyses his paintings produced within the beginning of the twenties and the middle forties. The study about Adami’s paintings takes in account subjects such as the Academism, the Realism, the non-figurative painting and the Call to Order trends, which took place in Europe in the period between Wars. It considers as well, the way those movements were reflected on Brazilian Art and why the critic Mário de Andrade recognized in Adami’s paintings the guiding lines he used to make his theories for Modernism in São Paulo, in the latest twenties. SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO: DUAS QUESTÕES SOBRE A PINTURA DE ADAMI ............................ 01 CAPÍTULO I - DO ACADÊMICO AO REALISMO, (EUROPA – BRASIL). AS PINTURAS INICIAIS DE HUGO ADAMI ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 I.a. – Transformações do Acadêmico no Brasil e na Europa ............................................................................. 12 I.b. – O desenvolvimento do Realismo e do Realismo/Naturalismo na França, Itália e Brasil até o início do século XX. ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 I.c. – Os primeiros professores de Adami e sua produção inicial ...................................................................... 22 CAPÍTULO II - O NOVO REALISMO: O RETORNO À ORDEM E O NOVECENTO ITALIANO .............. 27 CAPÍTULO III - O APRENDIZADO NA ITÁLIA E PARIS .............................................................................. 38 III.a. – Artistas significativos para a formação de Adami ................................................................................. 40 III.b. – Exposições na Europa e últimos anos na Itália e em Paris. ................................................................... 54 CAPÍTULO IV - A PINTURA DE HUGO ADAMI: NATUREZA-MORTA, PAISAGEM E RETRATO ........ 57 IV.a. – A natureza-morta ................................................................................................................................... 60 IV.b. – Paisagens e Retratos .............................................................................................................................. 68 CAPÍTULO V - HUGO ADAMI NO BRASIL: ANOS 20/40 ............................................................................. 74 V.a. – De volta à terra do Pau Brasil ................................................................................................................. 74 V.b. – As sociedades de artistas e Salões de arte. .............................................................................................. 83 CONCLUSÃO....................................................................................................................................................... 94 ANEXO 1 - INFORMAÇÕES BIOGRÁFICAS ................................................................................................... 97 ANEXO 2 - SOBRE O LEVANTAMENTO DE OBRAS DE ADAMI ............................................................. 103 ANEXO 3 - LEVANTAMENTO PRELIMINAR DA OBRA DE HUGO ADAMI ........................................... 105 ANEXO 4 - ENTREVISTAS COM HUGO ADAMI ......................................................................................... 206 BILBLIOGRAFIA .............................................................................................................................................. 177 1 INTRODUÇÃO: DUAS QUESTÕES SOBRE A PINTURA DE ADAMI Este estudo espera colocar a pintura de Adami em contexto e demonstrar sua relevância dentro do Modernismo paulistano, no período entre o início da década de vinte e meados da década de quarenta. Para tanto, foi necessário fazer um levantamento preliminar de suas obras afim de melhor caracterizar o conjunto de sua pintura. Devido à atividade intensa do artista, não foi possível deixar de mencionar sua atuação junto às manifestações modernistas da época, como as associações de artistas e os salões. Porém, antes de abordar propriamente o desenvolvimento de sua pintura no período mencionado, deve-se considerar e tentar esclarecer dois problemas que, de maneira geral, envolvem sua produção: em primeiro lugar, o longo período em que o artista permaneceu sem pintar; em segundo, a suposta vinculação de sua pintura ao que se convencionou chamar de arte acadêmica. O silêncio de Adami Hugo Adami, filho de italianos, mas nascido no Brasil, começou a pintar por volta de 1913, na Escola Profissional Masculina do Brás, e, quer neste país, (em São Paulo), quer na Itália, (Florença, Livorno, Sorrento), deu continuidade ao seu trabalho até 1945, aproximadamente. Depois dessa data, tendo já retornado de vez para seu país de nascimento, Adami parou de pintar, retomando essa atividade anos mais tarde, na década de setenta. O crítico de arte Luiz Martins justificou tal silêncio do artista, relacionando-o à “onda abstracionista” que chegava aqui no Brasil na época, (logo seguida pela arte concreta e a pop) dando margem, supostamente, ao que o referido crítico chamou de “vigarice e aventureirismo” de alguns que, aproveitando da ignorância de outros, chegaram até: 2 (...) ao absurdo da anti-arte – e por isso, não havia mais no Brasil de então, lugar para aqueles pintores que participaram da fase de renovação modernista da década de vinte: pintores pioneiros como Tarsila, Segall, Di Cavalcanti, etc, acharem que nada mais tinham a fazer nesse Carnaval de alegres e desenvoltos mascarados. (...)1 Ao reler uma entrevista concedida por Adami em 1976,2 nota-se que, na verdade, o artista, ao decidir parar de pintar por volta de 1945, ainda não estava muito preocupado com a pintura não-figurativa que despontava no Brasil, naquela época. De fato, essa vertente só iria florescer no país no final da década de quarenta e começo dos anos cinqüenta.3 O que parece ter causado de início, o abandono dos pincéis por Adami foram, em primeiro lugar, questões de ordem pessoal, que o levavam a pensar sobre seu próprio fazer: (...) parei de pintar porque numa certa hora comecei perceber que estava me repetindo, eu estava num beco sem saída (...) Vou parar e vou esperar que haja de novo um...uma razão, uma motivação, nem que seja através da evolução, da leitura, do convívio com as pessoas. (...)4 Outro fato que o levou a cessar suas atividades pictóricas foi seu grande descontentamento ao ver, em São Paulo, as artes plásticas tomadas pela “onda cubista”, assim que chegou de volta ao Brasil, em 1940. Foi exatamente naquele ano, com a exposição “Cento e Cinqüenta Anos de Pintura Francesa”, que a geração
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