Filozoficzny Spór O Rolę Chrześcijaństwa W Kwestii Ekologicznej Stanowi Cenne Opracowanie Z Zakresu Filozofii Ekologicznej I Antropologii Filozoficznej

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Filozoficzny Spór O Rolę Chrześcijaństwa W Kwestii Ekologicznej Stanowi Cenne Opracowanie Z Zakresu Filozofii Ekologicznej I Antropologii Filozoficznej Ryszard F. Sadowski RyszardF. Ryszard F. Sadowski Książka Filozoficzny spór o rolę chrześcijaństwa w kwestii ekologicznej stanowi cenne opracowanie z zakresu filozofii ekologicznej i antropologii filozoficznej. Centralny dla tego opracowania problem badawczy dotyczy wyjaśnienia genezy i natury kryzysu ekologicznego. Historycznym tłem Filozoficzny spór tego dyskursu stała się filozoficzna rekonstrukcja burzliwej dyskusji Filozoficzny spór o rolę chrześcijaństwa o rolę ekologicznej spór Filozoficzny w kwestii wokół klasycznego artykułu L. White’a The Historical Roots of Our o rolę chrześcijaństwa Ecologic Crisis, przypisującemu chrześcijaństwu dominującą rolę w tworzeniu antyekologicznych fundamentów cywilizacji naukowo- techniczej. w kwestii ekologicznej Ryszard F. Sadowski sdb przedstawił bardzo rzetelny przegląd tej dyskusji oraz próbę sformułowania własnego stanowiska w sprawie roli chrześcijaństwa w genezie, naturze i sposobach rozwiązywania problemów ekologicznych. Rekonstrukcja filozoficzna wielowymiarowego sporu, umożliwiła precyzyjne wydzielenie kilku dopełniających się aspektów analizy ontologicznej, antropologicznej, epistemologicznej i semantycznej. Tytułow y Spór, jak większość kontrowersji filozoficznych, nie został rozstrzygnięty; został przeniesiony jednak na inny poziom, na którym będziemy mieli do dyspozycji precyzyjnie wyłożone racje, argumenty, kontrargumenty oraz perspektywy praktycznego rozwiązania kwestii ekologicznej w duchu filozofii chrześcijańskiej. dr hab. Zbigniew Wróblewski, prof. KUL Ryszard F. Sadowski SDB Filozoficzny spór Recenzja wydawnicza: dr hab. Zbigniew Wróblewski, prof. KUL o rolę chrześcijaństwa Korekta: Agnieszka Norwa w kwestii ekologicznej Opracowanie graficzne: Sławomir Krajewski Ilustracja na okładce: Monogram Chrystusa Zmartwychwstałego, Muzea Watykańskie Realizacja: © Copyright by Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego © Copyright by Ryszard F. Sadowski Warszawa 2015 Wydawca: Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego Sekretariat: ul. Baczyńskiego 1A skr. poczt. 26; 05-092 Łomianki e-mail: [email protected] www.tnfs.pl ISBN 978-83-61451-36-5 Współwydawca: Wydawnictwo Salezjańskie, Warszawa ISBN 978-83-7201-461-0 DOI: http://doi.org/10.21852/tnfs.2015.1 Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego Printed in Poland Printed in Poland Warszawa 2015 Filozoficzny spór o rolę chrześcijaństwa w kwestii ekologicznej 3.2.6. Lewis Whitfield Moncrief ..............................................................151 Spis treści 3.2.7. Yi-Fu Tuan .......................................................................................152 Rozdział 4. PŁASZCZYZNY SPORU ...................................................................156 4.1. Płaszczyzna ontologiczna .........................................................................157 4.1.1. Wokół desakralizacji przyrody ......................................................157 4.1.2. Wokół antropologizacji przyrody .................................................175 4.2. Płaszczyzna antropologiczna ..................................................................200 4.2.1. Wokół kondycji człowieka �������������������������������������������������������������201 4.2.2. Wokół natury człowieka ................................................................216 4.3. Płaszczyzna epistemologiczna .................................................................228 4.3.1. Wokół argumentacji stanowisk w sporze .....................................229 4.3.2. Wokół skuteczności sprawczej idei ...............................................243 4.3.3.Wokół chrześcijańskich inspiracji zachodniej Wstęp ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 nauki i techniki ................................................................................249 Rozdział 1. INTELEKTUALNE TŁO SPORU ......................................................16 4.3.4. Wokół złożoności przyczyn kryzysu ekologicznego ..................263 1.1. Dynamika kwestii ekologicznej ................................................................16 4.4. Płaszczyzna semantyczna ........................................................................268 1.2. Humanistyczna perspektywa kwestii ekologicznej ................................25 4.4.1. Wokół współczesnej interpretacji tekstów biblijnych .................269 4.4.2. Wokół historycznej interpretacji tekstów biblijnych ..................278 Rozdział 2. GENEZA SPORU .................................................................................60 2.1. Nowożytny obraz świata ............................................................................60 Rozdział 5. PRÓBY PRZEZWYCIĘŻENIA SPORU ..........................................288 2.2. Chrześcijański obraz świata ......................................................................83 5.1. W perspektywie filozofii moralnej ..........................................................288 2.2.1. Kosmologiczna wymowa pierwszego opisu stworzenia ...............84 5.1.1. Z uwzględnieniem chrześcijańskich 2.2.2. Kosmologiczna wymowa drugiego opisu stworzenia ..................91 inspiracji idei zrównoważonego rozwoju .....................................288 2.2.3. Kosmologiczna wymowa myśli wczesnochrześcijańskiej ........... 96 5.1.2. Z uwzględnieniem moralnego wymiaru kwestii ekologicznej ........................................................................307 Rozdział 3. STANOWISKA W SPORZE .............................................................102 5.2. W perspektywie filozofii społecznej .......................................................317 3.1. Stanowiska wybranych zwolenników tezy Lynna White’a ������������������ 103 5.2.1. Z uwzględnieniem społecznego zaangażowania chrześcijan .... 318 3.1.1. Lynn Townsend White Junior �������������������������������������������������������104 5.2.2. Z uwzględnieniem włodarzowania jako chrześcijańskiego 3.1.2. Arnold Joseph Toynbee .................................................................. 111 stylu obecności człowieka w świecie ............................................344 3.1.3. Max Nicholson �������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 114 Zakończenie ............................................................................................................364 3.1.4. Ian Lennox McHarg .......................................................................116 Bibliografia ..............................................................................................................372 3.1.5. Donald Worster �������������������������������������������������������������������������������119 Summary .................................................................................................................406 3.1.6. John Passmore .................................................................................121 Contents ...................................................................................................................414 3.2. Stanowiska wybranych przeciwników tezy Lynna White’a .................125 3.2.1. Robin Attfield ..................................................................................125 3.2.2. John Baird Callicott .......................................................................131 3.2.3. James A. Nash .................................................................................135 3.2.4. Elspeth Whitney .............................................................................141 3.2.5. Sir Keith Vivian Thomas................................................................ 148 Filozoficzny spór o rolę chrześcijaństwa w kwestii ekologicznej blijne. Analiza zgodna z przyjętą w niniejszym opracowaniu metodą badawczą Wstęp nie ujmuje jednak tych tematycznie religijnych źródeł w kluczu teologicznym, lecz ukazuje ich kulturotwórczy wydźwięk dzięki ich odczytaniu w kluczu fi- lozoficznym. Pozwala to dostrzec sposób, w jaki idee chrześcijańskie wpływają na kształt zachodniej cywilizacji i kształtują świadomość ludzi zakorzenionych w tym kręgu kulturowym. Zawarte w tytule niniejszego opracowania pojęcie ‘kwestia ekologiczna’ jest nieostre i obarczone wieloznacznością. W literaturze naukowej występuje ono w różnych znaczeniach i bardzo różnych kontekstach1. Spotykamy je w tekstach z zakresu filozofii, ekonomii i socjologii. Przywołują je także dokumenty papie- skie2. Z tej racji wymaga ono sprecyzowania znaczenia, w jakim rozumiane jest w niniejszym opracowaniu. Na określenie zagadnień związanych ze skutkami destrukcyjnej obecności człowieka we właściwym sobie środowisku życia w ję- zyku polskim najczęściej stosowane jest pojęcie ‘kryzys ekologiczny’. Zasadniczo wyraża ono drastyczne zaburzenie ziemskiej homeostazy, wobec którego należy zięki pogłębionej refleksji filozoficznej nad kryzysem ekologicznym podjąć natychmiastowe działania celem jego zażegnania. Często są to działa- zdajemy sobie sprawę z jego antropologicznego charakteru. Nie jest to nia podejmowane pod presją czasu oraz dotkliwych, a nawet śmiercionośnych więc kryzys przyrody, lecz kryzys człowieka i stworzonej przez niego konsekwencji. Od pewnego czasu pojęcie ‘kryzys ekologiczny’ przekracza gra- Dcywilizacji, w obrębie której ujawniają się zagrożenia przyrody i nierozerwal- nice nauk przyrodniczych i przenika do nauk społecznych, a nawet do filozofii. nie związanego z nią człowieka. To zaś uzasadnia konieczność antropologicznej Tym samym wskazuje ono na złożoność opisywanego zjawiska ze szczególnym refleksji
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