AN ANALYSIS of THECAMPAIGN SPEAKING 'Of CHICAGO's
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAMPAIGN SPEAKING ‘oF CHICAGO’S MAYOR RACHARDTJ. DALEY m THE 196.3 MAYORAL CAMPAIGN ' Thesis. for the Degree (if M A I MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Robert A. Lyons . 1966 ” 774F915 LIBRARY MiChiz'J‘ai‘. Sir, tc University ABSTRACT AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAMPAIGN SPEAKING OF CHICAGO'S MAYOR RICHARD J. DALEY IN THE 1963 MAYORAL CAMPAIGN by Robert A. Lyons Richard J. Daley was the candidate of the Democratic Party for the office of Mayor in the city of Chicago, Illi- nois, during 1963. The Mayor developed but one speech for the 1963 mayoral campaign and presented it to each of the fifty awards of Chicago. This study evaluates the speaking of Mayor Daley in the 1963 campaign as he sought to insure his re—election to office. The body of the speech was composed of seven main divisions. The first division concerned itself with "Clean— Up" and the cleanliness of Chicago prior to 1956 (the year of Daley's first election as Mayor). The second division was related to the former in that it concerned itself with "Refuse Collection." Again;a description of the situation before 1956 and what it was in 1963 is included. The third topic area is that of the "Police Department." Following a consideration of the "Fire Department," there is an attempt to maintain continuity by noting the improvements in these areas as well. Robert A. Lyons The fifth and sixth divisions, "Safest Big City" and "Street Lighting," are very short in nature, consisting of one or two sentences each. Closing this portion of his remarks with a consideration of "Health," and the fact that this department has been recognized throughout the world, the Mayor moved into a short summary of the accomplishments consisting of seven statements that related to the various topics Just discussed. The Mayor viewed his task as one of informing his listeners, as opposed to convincing or persuading them to his position. He sought to arm them with information with which to combat any opposing discourse they might encounter. At the same time, presumably, these individuals became con- ditioned to the party line, and were now equipped to serve as spokesmen for the candidate. Mayor Daley seemed at times to be using the occasions as a platform to respond to his opponent's major challenge: taxes in general and real estate taxes in particular demanded a change in city government. Although no reverence to the Republican candidate of his charges was made, consideration was given to the increase in the budget since 1955. Mayor Daley has confounded the so-called experts by the fact that he has achieved such an aura of personal power. Daley does not have the knight-on-a-white-horse image that sustained the former Mayor, Martin H. Kennelly, nor the fire Robert A. Lyons and temperament of Mayor Edward Kelly, and surely there is not the bombast and oratory of "Big Bill" Thompson. Richard J. Daley has a deep religious conviction, charm and sincerity, and the dedication and ability of the professional politician, and these have served him well. Mayor Daley won the election by 137,000 votes. At least one noted newscaster considered this a party triumph and suggested that the efforts of Mr. Daley and his Republi- can opponent were of little importance. Nonetheless, Mr. Daley won the election, and the power of the man and that office still exist. But with all of this power, Mayor Daley has still had his problems. The police department has often been a source of difficulty for the office of mayor. The race situation in Chicago is a staggering one. Despite these problems and more, Mayor Daley moves on, rebuilding the city. He knows the city perhaps better than anyone: "for what Daley is, so is Chicago!" There is no evidence to suggest that Mr. Daley's re— marks before the wards of Chicago had any discernible effect upon the public image of Mr. Daley or the outcome of the 1963 mayoral election. AN ANALYSIS OF THE CAMPAIGN SPEAKING OF CHICAGO'S MAYOR RICHARD J. DALEY IN THE 1963 MAYORAL CAMPAIGN By Robert A. Lyons A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Speech 1967 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During the several years of investigation, writing, rearranging, correcting, and polishing of this project, I have incurred obligations to many wonderful persons. My first grateful acknowledgment is accorded to my major pro- fessor, Professor David C. Ralph, whose encouragement with a keen and gentle, but firm, guidance made possible this journey. I wish to thank Dr. Jerry M. Anderson, Dr. Frederick G. Alexander, Dr. Jack M. Bain, Dr. Kenneth G. Hance, and Dr. Gordon L. Thomas, whose interest and example contributed much more than they will ever know. To my wife, Myrdice, my son Steven, and my father Harold Lyons, who stood by me after moments of discourage- ment and exhaustion and said it could be done and that I could do it, who encouraged me to finish, go my heartfelt thanks. To the many others who gave of their facilities and their generosity go my sincere appreciation. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii LIST OF APPENDICES iv Chapter I INTRODUCTION |__I Statement of Purpose Significance. Limitations . Method and Plan of Organization ~40\m+4 II THE MAN DALEY III CHICAGO, SOCIALLY AND POLITICALLY, 1963 History and Social Setting The Candidate and the Campaign. The Republican Campaign The Democratic Campaign IV AN ANALYSIS OF THE 1963 CAMPAIGN SPEECH OF MAYOR RICHARD J. DALEY . Arrangement . Materials of Development. Personal Proof . Materials of Experience Style Delivery . Audience and Occasion. Speech Writing Staff V CONCLUSIONS. APPENDICES . BIBLIOGRAPHY iii LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Page A Fourth Ward Speech 112 B Sixth Ward Speech. 123 C The Leon M. DeSpres Letter. 133 Mayor Daley's Letter. 135 iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Statement of Purpose The 1963 mayoralty election in Chicago, Illinois, re— turned to office Richard J. Daley. Mr. Daley has been called one of the most powerful politicians in America strong where weakness would lead to his extinction, yielding where refusal would mean loss of more than the immediate, enamored of his city, but more impor- tant, conscious of what its greatness is . but . for many years one of the best mayors in the world.1 Others have remarked that, the proper mayor of the modern United States city is not merely a civil servant, a political boss, and a ceremonial ribbon snipper; nowadays, he must be a skilled sociologist, a public relations expert and a television performer. For better or worse, he is the image of his city and to a remarkable degree, His Honor usually mirrors his city's personality.2 The personality of Chicago is that of a big—shouldered gambling man, a gandy dancer, or a latter day Paul Bunyan. The personality of the 1963 mayoralty election was rough and tough. Following election day there were charges of vote fraud. Reputedly, two deputies of Republican Sheriff Richard Ogilvie saw an assistant precinct captain paying off voters. 1Richard G. Stern, "A Valentine for Chicago," Harper's, February, 1962, p. 68. 2”Cities of the '60's Big, Bad and POPUlara" March 23, 1962, p; 16- EEEEE’ 1 A Chicago Tribune cameraman photographed the payoff, and one recipient admitted receiving the money. On the other hand, Benjamine Adamowski, the Republican candidate, was reported to have misused several thousands of dollars under his control while a servant of the people. Mr. Daley won this election by a 138,792 vote margin. Unquestionably a powerful man in Illinois, Mr. Daley holds a unique position. Although a firm Democrat, his candidacy receives backing from Republican businessmen. Between Saturday, March 9, 1963 , and Sunday, March 31, 1963, Daley held twelve press conferences. Mr. Earl Bush, the mayor's public relations assistant, indicated that the mayor Spoke before all fifty wards during the campaign. In the mind of the writer, such public Speaking must play an important role in the campaign. The purpose of this study, then, is to analyze the public speaking of Richard J. Daley in the 1963 mayoralty campaign, in an effort to describe the role of his public speaking in that campaign and, in addition, to make some contribution to an understanding of his abilities as a public Speaker. This study will at no time attempt to consider the role of public Speaking in mayoralty campaigns in general. Significance The value of this project can be found to some degree in the state and national prominence of the man. In the three terms of Richard J. Daley as Mayor of Chicago, he has established himself as one of the most influential politi- cians in the country. Time, in March of 1962, had this to say: Chicago’s Richard Joseph Daley is not only mayor but absolute boss of the state Democratic machine and a formidable political manipulator with con- siderable CLOUT on the national scene. Almost the last of the oldtime big—city bosses, he is a ca- pable, Buddha—like civic leader who has used his political power to make Chicggo one of the best-run cities in the United States. Mr. Daley has been mentioned as a candidate for na- tional office, including United States Senator and head of a new presidential cabinet post, Urban Affairs. Early in his political career Daley evidenced his energetic personality. AS a freshman Senator to the State Legislature in Springfield, Illinois, he displayed the daring and demanding characteristics that resulted in his becoming the leader of the majority party.