Naval War College Review Volume 34 Article 28 Number 1 January-February
1981 January & February 1981 Full Review The .SU . Naval War College
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https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 2 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review CONTENTS
PRESIDENT'S NOTES ...... , ... , , ...... , , .... . Rear Admiral f¼lward F Welch, Jr., U.S. Navy RETHINKING nm SOVIET NA VY ...... 4 J.S. Brccmcr
INDO-SOVIET STRATE(;tC INTERESTS AND COLLABORATION ...... 13 Jmrozc Sagar
SOVIET NAVAL AVIATION AND THE NORTHERN FLANK: ITS MIi.iT ARY AND POLITICAi. IMPI.ICATIONS ...... , 34 Joel .f. Sokolsky
A FRAMEWORK FOR CHOOSING DEFENSE FORCES ...... /46 Rkhmond M, Lloyd and Lr. Col. Dino A. Lorenzini, U.S. Air Poree
NATO II: COMMON BOUNDARIES FOR COMMON INTERESTS ...... �9 l'.J. West,Jr.
THE BAROMETER ...... 68
SET AND DRIFT ...... 73 The Great Samoan Hurricane of 1889 Ernest Andrade Explonitory Models of Pilot Perform.im:e in Air-to-Air Comb.it J.R. Hiller and E.T Timpcrlakc
PROFESSIONAL READIN« ...... 93 Book Reviews Recem Books
VOi.UM!' XXXIV, Number 1/Scqu,·ncc 28.\ January-February 1981
Cover: Continental Navy Brig Andrea Doria 114 gunl. Artiat: W, N, Van Powell.
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PRESIDENT'S NOTES Changes in tactics have not only taken place after changes in weapons which necessarily is the case, but the interval between such changes has been unduly long. An improvement of weapons is due to the energy of one or two men, Ar Newport, che course in Naval while changes in racrics have to Operations concentrates on the overcome the inertia of a principles, historical analysis and logic conservative class. of naval operational decisions. Acenrral Mahan, 1840-1914 objective must be an improved understanding of how to optimize rhe Throughout society we have use of naval forces in situations ranging wirnessed chose improvements in from peacetime presence to nuclear technology that have outstripped our war. The course must consider the conceprual progress. The Naval War capabilities and limitations of bothU.S. College, long identified as a seedbed for and potential aggressor navies, and the the development of naval and maritime military significance of these factors in strategy, policy, and tactics, attempts to strategic and tactical situations. All close this gap. these requirements are capably fulfilled Our academic program is designed co by our Naval Operations Department. produce graduates with an effective Separate curricula are structured for blend of intellecrual perspective and rhe senior and intermediate students. technological awareness and skills The course for che seniors develops an with rhe former never surrendering to understanding of the strategic as well as the laner. This is a particular challenge the cacrical dimensions of naval with regard co sound tactical planning and operations, with decisionmaking. Derailed training in emphasis on the selection, coordination specific racrics, hardware and doctrine is and application of naval forces ar the the proper business of the various fleet cheater and fleet commander level. training groups and ocher specialized lnrermediace students start with an schools. Education in principles and examina cion of the hiscorical, scientific concepts is the business of the Naval and empirical bases for tactics, and chen War College. However, neither can be put their logic and experience co work in done in isolation from che other if we making decisions on the employment of are co have a common understanding of naval forces at che Baccle Group level in the effective application of seapower many scenarios. chroughouc che Navy. In recent years, a The pervasive theme of the courses is great deal has been accomplished in decisionmaking; to make optimum use https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28promoting this common understanding. of assets in developing tactics and to 4 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review
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St11dent.r of s11ch important questions as U.S,-Srwiet wwalmatters require .rmne mrt of/ramework /or analyzin!!the nat1t1lbalance o-veralland /or by J.S. Breemer lnlrorluction. Some years ago then conveniences; on the contrary, they arc Secretary of D<:fonse Schlesinger t1sed, for example, w explain the poraphrascd Winston Churchill's oft differences in design chn.rnctcristics cited dwrncreriz,1tion of the Soviet between U.S. and Soviet surface Union to describe the Soviet Fleet "as u am1batants, rind they arc bnsic to the force, ... that is to some degree a riddle constant concern with rhe possibility of wrapped in a mystery inside nn a surprise "shoot�mn" .ig11inst the lLS. enigmo," 1 In tin dfon to unravel che N,1vy aircraft G1rrier force, Taking ,1 "riddle" of the Sovier Fleet, Western broader view, the prevailing framework nnalysts have, over rhe past 15 y<.•arsor of analysis of Soviet naval rtffairs has so, evolved a structure of related become insrirntionaliz:ed to the exrenr concepts and propositions rhat have that ''anomalous'' developments rnaybe lent a sense of coheren<--c and meaning recognized only belatedly if ,1t a!L to the evolving role of the Soviet Navy. This essay summ.lrizes and reviews Among the more important ideas that the key concepts th;tt h;1ve helped are now �1t the foundation of our "cxpl.,ln" the role of the Soviet N11vy understanding of the Soviet Fleet are: since the mid-1960s. It argues rhar it is the concepts of "mission ,1symmetry" rime to reconsid<.·r their continued nnd of "sea denial,'' the "one-shot navy" validity, partkularly in light of nirrcm thesis, and the more ,general proposi Soviet naval shipbuilding programs, tions that {ti) the Soviet Ftcet is "defcnsc-oricnt https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 8 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 9 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 10 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 11 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 12 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 13 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 14 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 15 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 13 Des/iite the If/est 's, p,H'tirnlarly the li!lilcd St,1/cs', rnppo,·t of and friendship for India (inc!ttding lret1tin!!, lndid 11J the m,Jjorpower in South Ant, j. lndiu hc1s JteudiiJ r ,wwed from aposition of no>1ali[;nment with a pm-\l1/v.l hi(H to mw of afit;mnent utfth /b(: So-viet Vuim1 muler a /rlCade of 110twli!!,11111e11t. Tbir pt1per ext-1mines tbt/ rei:4ronJ for and e//ectJ of lndo-S01•iut co!l.-dJ01'ftthrn, distus_rcs the intra• tmd extraref!,irJ111tl i11/111rmceJ tb,:11 tJltlf rtreJtP,the-n or we«kcn !bat ,u!laboration. /iud.r littlelikelihood that Jndit1 -ui;I! cba.nge itx .rtr,ttegh co11r.r,,, ,mdJNf!,E;UJIJ tb,tt a prudent reap/Jrai.r.-d of U,S, jm/icies tow,11¥1 l11di,1 may he in order. INDO-SOVIET STRATEGIC INTERESTS AND COLLABORATION by lmrozc Sagar In Fcbrmny 1980 Soviet President The huest is India's stand on rhe Sovicr Leonid Hrezhncv sent a p(..•rson,tl military intervention in Afghanistan. message of greetings to the workers and Commenting on rhe event in March staff of the fihilai Steel Mill ln India on 1980, Indira Gan;_ihi, the Prime the 25rh anniversary of Sovier-I11dian Minister of India stare;_i; ecom)mic ctl(iperati Editor's Note: Publication schedules prevented the author's consideration of the effect or importance of Mrs. Gandhi's and Mr, Brezhnev's December 1980 meeting, https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 16 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 17 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 18 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 19 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 20 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 21 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 22 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 23 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 24 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 25 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 26 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 27 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 28 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 29 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 30 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 31 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 32 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 33 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 34 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 35 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 36 34 NAVAL WARWar College: COLLEGE January & February REVIEW 1981 Full Review A not infreqNentlyheard thesis is that control of the NorthAtlantic wotdd have little influence on the outcome of a short conventional waralong NATO's central front, Thispaper disputes that the,is,p re,entsits own, and offers somesufigestians for the United Statt'r'rtrate;?ic J1/annin1; consideration, SOVIET NA VAL AVIATION AND THE NORTHERN FLANK: ITS MILITARY AND POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS by Joel J. Sokolsky It has been long understood that the the central h1ropcan front is rcstricwd, balance of power, and particularly "we must expect the high sc:as ,10d rhc changes in the bal:1nce, urn have profound political conSCtJUCnccs,• Adverse shifts in the balance narrow the •Ti1t• cu 111 "b,1L111fc of powt·r"' f_, thl-·d in tht· options �tv;.dlahlc to those who find pern·1Hu;1] �e11�c. 11 enn1ils c1kul,i!i(11)S 1Jf 1he themselves at a ,Jisadvantagc Ir ltkdihood of variom l'V<'nts, indmli11� rl!e rnmpcls then1 to take greater rngni• (1;un1mt· tif :tr:1wd co1rfnrn11Lti;rn. 'J'Jw ;1Crm1I z,tncc of the wishes and imt:rc:-.t;<;nf rhar pbysiul s!r.ilegit· ;i.,sets nt1..i..l nnt be 111 jwdt'lt state perceived to h,tvc rhc stnitcgic eguilibrium. 'J'htcfetu1 be ;1 halame as in Jf.'<1nms, in whit It om· ,itle !ta� ;i suiplw,,,b well ,is ,I h,11,m{C ,1dv,1magc. It changes iheir cviiluiition .is in S(;de,. in whidt t·:rd, sid<.: hab mugltly of what J5 ''tolcr�thlc, ,Kccpwhlc and t https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 38 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 39 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 40 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 41 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 42 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 43 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 44 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 45 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 46 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 47 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 48 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review 46 NA VAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Choo.ring de/enre forces has become increaringly complex becaure of the interaction n/ political, military and economic /actorr, both domestic and international. The choices are further complicated by the bureaucratic and organizationalin/ltNnces that jJervade Jhe decisionmakinl( proceu. In dealini u1ith there irnportant inffuences,- the rationalapf,roach to making force choicedeci.rionr ir often clouded or overlooked while .rpeciarintere.rt i.rme.r are debated, 10 ensure the most effective u.re of limited resources in mcetinf!, nation..,./ JQcurity objectives, a lo[!)talstructure for organizini the i-mpo-rtantforce jJlanning elements i.r essential. 'J'hit article exu-mineJ these elements in a .rimpltfiedframework and describes their inter,,ction and importance, A .FRAMEWORK FOR CHOOSING DEFENSE FORCES by Richmond ]\I. Lloyd and Dino A. Lorenzini, Lt. Col., U.S. Air Force The most diffindt military m structuring our choices basctl on long problem to resolve is that of range i ntcrests, Thus1 ns our margin for establishing 11 st,>curity system, as error has grown smaller and the risks of inexpensively as possible in titncof military or polirkal defeat have grown peace, capi1blc of transforming L:irgcr, the consequences of force itself very rapidly into a powerful planning errors mo1 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 50 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 51 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 52 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 53 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 54 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 55 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 56 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 57 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 58 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 59 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 60 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 61 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 59 The Persirm Gulf prerent.r tbe 1110.rt critical tvdr-threuteninu amditioru to the tliitiutJJ of ll:'.'"estern f'11ropt/, The linkPJ.;l' hetu'een the Gulf and NATO i.r real hut cm1tirme.r to he offici,t!ly iinored. A mere exten.rio-n of NA'tO lmtmdaries wo11ld provide more ex,lt'e1'hdtiou lhdn w/11tio11 w the dilficlflt is.we, 11 more cobereJll option, with ch1mf!,l'.f rtrnct11ra/ ,md .rt mlef,iC. i.r JHJ;J.;l'Jted ht.·re. NATO II: COMMON BOUNDARIES FOR COMMON INTERESTS by l<'.J. Wcsl, Jr. NATO I. l'or JO years, NATO has h<.:h,tvior. The rifts and antagonisms st•rvcd the West n.:m:.1rkaMy Wt'II. Now th:it develop an.• the exet•ptions th;H ir is time for a mi1rkt'll stnm:gic clwngc, prov<: dK' rule: us a matter of right as especially as reg,1rds NATO naval well as common sense, Europe today forn•s. AlthouJ.;h NATO has du:p cxp<:ns tu he consulted .ind inclmlt:d in cultural, political and ccnnnrnit- roots, in major Amcl'ic.tn st•(urity issrn.. ·s and essence it is a military coalirion tlcsign<.:d dt'cisitms. �l'l1is is owinH to the suc<.·t·ssof m prcvcm Soviet ,1ggn:ssion. NATO NATO. Only thrct' dccadcs aµ;o, transformed a ba:-;ic principle of European statesmen would not have American nationnl security: prior to held such cxrxx:tations. 19·19, the miliwry world view nf the.· United Statc:s was to Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 63 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 64 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 65 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 66 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 67 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 68 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 69 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 70 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 71 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 72 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 73 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 74 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 75 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 76 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 77 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 78 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 79 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 80 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 81 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 82 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 83 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 84 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 85 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 86 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 87 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 88 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 89 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 90 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 91 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 92 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 93 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 94 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 95 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 96 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 97 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 98 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review 96 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW ing, Professor Albion's work presages leaders determined what the U.S. Navy some of the influemial studies done in would be and what it would do, the 1960s and 1970s. Unlike these JOHN R HATTENDORf works, however, he does not deal in "models" and doesnnr describe abstract Naval War College forces, Albion's analysis portrays many Child, John. Unequal Alliance: The of the ideas involved in bureaucratic inter-American Military Sy.rtem1 policymaking by using anecdotes that 1938-1978, Boulder, Colo.: Westview emphasize men at work wirhi n the Press, 1980, 253pp. office buildings of the U.S. Navy, John Child's book is a careful and Albion's great narrative ability and his painstaking studyof the inter-American incisive understanding of naval affoirs military system over a 40-year period. combine here in an extremely The author rraces it from its origins and important study for rhe history of the growth in World War II, its stagnation U.S. Navy. There is no doubt that it is in the 1945-61 period, its resurgence in the work of a master craftsman. the 1960s to munter Cuban-sponsored Albion's manuscript has benefited insurgencies, t1nd finally its de cline and from Rowena Reed's addition of an fragmentation since the lare 1960s. annotated bibliography that Particularly valuable in this study is summarh:es the main work that has the author's discussion of current Latin been done in this field in the years since American politicomilirnry theories and 1950, She has done much excellent work concepts, The author finds that most in paring the manuscript and bringing military rulers (even those thar ,he rough drafts imo publishable form. Americans consider to be conservative) One regrets) however, that such a adhere to a doctrine of national SCt"ltrity distinguished work must be published and development. This doctrine has its in a form that looks like typed pages roots in the Kennedy administration rather chan a printed book, Moreover. counterinsurgency and civic action there are some occasional editorial program. Marxism, and dependency oversights. There are a fe w theory, This doctrine calls for the rapid unimportant matters of wordtng that economic and social development of mar the text. More seriously, however, Latin Amerirnn nations along with the table rhar summarizes the results of increased ability to oppose milirn rily congressional debates on batdeships both internal and external threats under between 1886 and 1916 was "not the leadership of military rule, Larin available for publication" (p, 211), The American military regimes, then, view ediror should have either provided a themselves not as a conservative force; table or altered the wording of the text but as a progressive and sometimes so that the absence of the table was not even radical one. Further, military such an obvious omission, Additionally, regimes envision themselves as being the editor would have been weH advised the sole force able to implement such a to make dear the natural division of the program as civilian democracies are text into two parts: 1789-1939 and borh weak internally and too susceptible 1939-1947. As it stands, only a careful to external influence (including that of reader of rhe volume readily r.ierceives the United States), the division. The author also describes how rherc Des pire some unimportant editorial have been several consequences of the flaws, Professor Albion's work stands, Latin American perception that the as it has for 30 years, as the yer military power of the United Srares is unsurpassed general analysis of che on the decline, First, and mosrobviousj changing process by whit:h American has been a greater tendency for Lutin Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 99 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 100 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 101 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 102 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 103 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 104 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 105 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 106 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 107 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 108 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 109 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 110 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 111 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 112 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 113 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 114 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 115 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 116 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 117 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 118 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 119 Naval War College Review,PROJ<'ESSIONAL Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. READING28 117 Stockholm International Peace Re· Soviet) two-shot kill probability is search [nstirute, World Armament indeed amazing. The book contains a and DiJarmanumt. I.omlon: Taylor large number of such errors. and Francis Ltd., 1980. Distribution: An insight into SIPRl's lazy approach New York: Crane & Russak.514pp. to data collection and analysis can be This is the 11th of the series by the gleaned from the chapter on military Stockholm Jnternational Peace expenditures. With respect to SIPRl's Research Institute (SIPRI). The first estimates for Soviet military spending: few editions of the SIPRI Ye,,rhook "The figure ... can be said to be a ( 1968/1969) showed considerable consequence of 'equal disbelief' of the promise as an independent source of low, flat official Soviet series and the useful and reliable informmion and high CIA dollar estimates." analyses on matters of defense, arms In other words, SIPRI uses an equal control, and disarmament Unfortu weighted average. One would think that nately, although containing three an organization that is as well funded as excellent chapters, the Sll'Rl Yearbook SlPRl could invest towards beefing up 1980 continues the series' more its methodological sophistication, contemporary style of haphazard The chapter on arms transfers has reporting, lazy an Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 121 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 122 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 123 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 124 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 125 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 126 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 127 Naval War College Review, Vol. 34 [1981], No. 1, Art. 28 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol34/iss1/28 128 War College: January & February 1981 Full Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1981 129