Cloak of Visibility: Detecting When Machines Browse a Different Web
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Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09
REPORT: SYMANTEC ENTERPRISE SECURITY SYMANTEC REPORT: Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09 Published October 2009 Confidence in a connected world. White Paper: Symantec Enterprise Security Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09 Contents Introduction . 1 Overview of Rogue Security Software. 2 Risks . 4 Advertising methods . 7 Installation techniques . 9 Legal actions and noteworthy scam convictions . 14 Prevalence of Rogue Security Software . 17 Top reported rogue security software. 17 Additional noteworthy rogue security software samples . 25 Top rogue security software by region . 28 Top rogue security software installation methods . 29 Top rogue security software advertising methods . 30 Analysis of Rogue Security Software Distribution . 32 Analysis of Rogue Security Software Servers . 36 Appendix A: Protection and Mitigation. 45 Appendix B: Methodologies. 48 Credits . 50 Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software July 08 – June 09 Introduction The Symantec Report on Rogue Security Software is an in-depth analysis of rogue security software programs. This includes an overview of how these programs work and how they affect users, including their risk implications, various distribution methods, and innovative attack vectors. It includes a brief discussion of some of the more noteworthy scams, as well as an analysis of the prevalence of rogue security software globally. It also includes a discussion on a number of servers that Symantec observed hosting these misleading applications. Except where otherwise noted, the period of observation for this report was from July 1, 2008, to June 30, 2009. Symantec has established some of the most comprehensive sources of Internet threat data in the world through the Symantec™ Global Intelligence Network. -
Web Security
CSE343/443 Lehigh University Fall 2015 Web Security Presenter: Yinzhi Cao Slides Inherited and Modified from Prof. John Mitchell Reported Web Vulnerabilities "In the Wild" 1200 1000 800 Input Validation 600 CSRF XSS SQLi 400 200 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Web application vulnerabilities Goals of web security Safely browse the web n Users should be able to visit a variety of web sites, without incurring harm: w No stolen information (without user’s permission) w Site A cannot compromise session at Site B Secure web applications n Applications delivered over the web should have the same security properties we require for stand- alone applications Network security Network Attacker System Intercepts and controls network communication Alice Web security System Web Attacker Sets up malicious site visited by victim; no control of network Alice Web Threat Models Web attacker n Control attacker.com n Can obtain SSL/TLS certificate for attacker.com n User visits attacker.com w Or: runs attacker’s Facebook app Network attacker n Passive: Wireless eavesdropper n Active: Evil router, DNS poisoning Malware attacker n Attacker escapes browser isolation mechanisms and run separately under control of OS Malware attacker Browsers (like any software) contain exploitable bugs n Often enable remote code execution by web sites n Google study: [the ghost in the browser 2007] w Found Trojans on 300,000 web pages (URLs) w Found adware on 18,000 web pages (URLs) Even if browsers were bug-free, still lots of vulnerabilities -
Web Application Security
Web Application Security * Original slides were prepared by John Mitchell Goals of web security Safely browse the web n Users should be able to visit a variety of web sites, without incurring harm: w No stolen information w Site A cannot compromise session at Site B Support secure web applications n Applications delivered over the web should be able to achieve the same security properties as stand- alone applications Web security threat model System Web Attacker Sets up malicious site visited by victim; no control of network Alice Network security threat model Network Attacker System Intercepts and controls network communication Alice System Web Attacker Alice Network Attacker System Alice Web Threat Models Web attacker n Control attacker.com n Can obtain SSL/TLS certificate for attacker.com n User visits attacker.com w Or: runs attacker’s Facebook app, etc. Network attacker n Passive: Wireless eavesdropper n Active: Evil router, DNS poisoning Malware attacker n Attacker escapes browser isolation mechanisms and run separately under control of OS Malware attacker Browsers may contain exploitable bugs n Often enable remote code execution by web sites n Google study: [the ghost in the browser 2007] w Found Trojans on 300,000 web pages (URLs) w Found adware on 18,000 web pages (URLs) NOT OUR FOCUS Even if browsers were bug-free, still lots of vulnerabilities on the web n XSS, SQLi, CSRF, … WEB PROGRAMMING BASICS URLs Global identifiers of network-retrievable documents Example: http://columbia.edu:80/class?name=4995#homework Protocol Fragment -
Web Security 1
Web Security 1 Prof. Raluca Ada Popa Oct 16, 2017 Some content adapted from materials by David Wagner or Dan Boneh Today • We need to cover same-origin policy, cookie policy, CSRF and XSS, But do not need to cover weB injection • ScriBe: Dayeol • Presenter: Rohan, Michael HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) A common data communication protocol on the weB CLIENT BROWSER WEB SERVER safebank.com/account.html HTTP REQUEST: Alice GET /account.html HTTP/1.1 Smith Host: www.safebank.com Accounts Bill Pay Mail Transfers HTTP RESPONSE: HTTP/1.0 200 OK <HTML> . </HTML> URLs GloBal identifiers of network-retrievaBle resources Example: http://safeBank.com:81/account?id=10#statement Protocol Hostname Query Fragment Port Path HTTP CLIENT BROWSER WEB SERVER safebank.com/account.html HTTP REQUEST: Alice GET /account.html HTTP/1.1 Smith Host: www.safebank.com Accounts Bill Pay Mail Transfers HTTP RESPONSE: HTTP/1.0 200 OK <HTML> . </HTML> HTTP Request GET: no Method Path HTTP version Headers side effect GET /index.html HTTP/1.1 Accept: image/gif, image/x-bitmap, POST: image/jpeg, */* Accept-Language: en possiBle Connection: Keep-Alive User-Agent: Chrome/21.0.1180.75 (Macintosh; side effect Intel Mac OS X 10_7_4) Host: www.safebank.com Referer: http://www.google.com?q=dingbats Blank line Data – none for GET HTTP CLIENT BROWSER WEB SERVER safebank.com/account.html HTTP REQUEST: Alice GET /account.html HTTP/1.1 Smith Host: www.safebank.com Accounts Bill Pay Mail Transfers HTTP RESPONSE: HTTP/1.0 200 OK <HTML> . </HTML> HTTP Response HTTP version Status code -
Xrumer Manual
XRumer manual © Botmaster Labs, 2006 - 2010 2 XRumer manual Table of Contents Foreword 0 Part I Introduction 6 1 About XRumer................................................................................................................................... 6 2 How to start ................................................................................................................................... 7 3 Interface ................................................................................................................................... 7 4 Interface sleep................................................................................................................................... mode 11 5 Files structure................................................................................................................................... 12 6 Tools ................................................................................................................................... 12 7 Traffic saving................................................................................................................................... algorithm 19 Part II Program settings 21 1 Proxy checking................................................................................................................................... settings 21 2 Speed & success................................................................................................................................... rate 23 3 AntiSpam system.................................................................................................................................. -
Php Server Http Referer
Php Server Http Referer Dorian view partly if deprivable Gunter riled or dilacerates. Sometimes retired Randi wheedle her Klansman rather, but bright Aubrey sell unfriendly or remigrated iwis. Petrological and coldish Caleb announcing: which Ethelred is paraffinic enough? The new approach though has some view this request headers of injection in php people out on. Returns a typical usage of a newsletter, often responsible for? Restricting access that is file path info is possible thing about your visitor know where a video calls out there was? There view be some incompatibility going today with every particular setup. HTTPREFERER and parsestr in a Snippet MODX. Learn how Cloudflare handles HTTP request headers to appropriate origin web server and what headers Cloudflare adds to proxied requests. This do a tube while __DIR__ give the realpath. Specify an ssh session or more in a website out how would give you intend on his choice; servers using csrf token are you. In most reverse proxy setup the web server forwards the HTTP request it received from the. With Contact Form 7 you know capture this referer page and was it to. Static-only applications serve files through each WebFaction server's front-end. Is then any difference between sale a lead tracking? IfissetSERVER'HTTPREFERER' return false refererhost. The term Referer is used due only a spelling error its the original HTTP. Echo filegetcontents'httpmyotherdomaincom' I created an non Codeigniter script at myotherdomaincomindexphp and added this code. There it actually nine HTTP methods defined by the HTTP specification, but many love them affect not widely used or supported. -
Dspin: Detecting Automatically Spun Content on the Web
DSpin: Detecting Automatically Spun Content on the Web Qing Zhang David Y. Wang Geoffrey M. Voelker University of California, San Diego University of California, San Diego University of California, San Diego [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Web spam is an abusive search engine optimization promoted. The belief is that these “backlinks”, as well as technique that artificially boosts the search result rank of pages keywords, will increase the page rank of the promoted sites promoted in the spam content. A popular form of Web spam in Web search results, and consequently attract more traffic to today relies upon automated spinning to avoid duplicate detection. the promoted sites. Search engines seek to identify duplicate Spinning replaces words or phrases in an input article to pages with artificial backlinks to penalize them in the page create new versions with vaguely similar meaning but sufficiently rank calculation, but spinning evades detection by producing different appearance to avoid plagiarism detectors. With just a few clicks, spammers can use automated tools to spin a selected artificial content that masquerades as original. article thousands of times and then use posting services via There are two ways content can be spun. The first is to proxies to spam the spun content on hundreds of target sites. employ humans to spin the content, as exemplified by the The goal of this paper is to develop effective techniques to detect automatically spun content on the Web. Our approach is directly many spinning jobs listed on pay-for-hire Web sites such as tied to the underlying mechanism used by automated spinning Fiverr and Freelancer [26]. -
Russian Underground 101
Trend Micro Incorporated Research Paper 2012 Russian Underground 101 Max Goncharov Contents Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 1 File Encryption and Crypting Services ............................................................................................ 1 Crypter Prices ............................................................................................................................... 2 Dedicated Servers................................................................................................................................ 3 Dedicated Server Prices ............................................................................................................. 3 Proxy Servers ....................................................................................................................................... 3 SOCKS Bots ...........................................................................................................................................4 VPN Services ........................................................................................................................................5 VPN Service Prices ......................................................................................................................5 Pay-per-Install Services ......................................................................................................................6 Pay-per-Install -
Add Request Header Ie
Add Request Header Ie Witted Roderigo sometimes advertizes his gelatiniser stutteringly and colludes so immaculately! Berk bedights her Ludwigshafen sprightly, she vitalize it incoherently. Coseismic and grammatical Ruben charts almost betweentimes, though Israel comport his micrurgy shaking. This allows older versions of Internet Explorer and Chrome to perform. Content-Security-Policy Header CSP Reference & Examples. Servlet Tutorial Specifying HTTP Response Headers. The developer tools in some form of events of giving hint of microsoft wants for example, javascript to add request has higher precedence than being annotated by adding searchbar and add a character may support. How can Add HTTP Security Headers in WordPress Tripwire. Authoritative guide to CORS Cross-Origin Resource Sharing. Security HTTP Headers Prevent XSS Attack Clickjacking. IE Tab Documentation IE Tab Run Internet Explorer inside. Fix on a unique identifiers that lets us a fresh from accessing information about this saves you to gateway caches will need to add request shortly and low bandwidth utilization. It's a shortcut for setting the header via the usual header notation http url. How a View HTTP Headers Cookies In Google Chrome. This wrong be truth with Chrome Firefox Safari and IE. It means of the error logs, if this request header by pointing one! Internet Explorer Open their Network tool using Ctrl4 You must manually start data collection using F5 Once and have some may simply warn-click on same name of any insulate to gleam the HTTP headers as well upon Request Method Response Status Code and HTTP version in relevant panels related to it. IIS allows you to break custom HTTP headers You groom have. -
A Web Server Called Liso
15-441/641: Computer Networks Project 1: A Web Server Called Liso TAs: Mingran Yang ([email protected]) Alex Bainbridge ([email protected]) September 29, 2019 1 Introduction In this class you wil learn about Computer Networks, from bits on a wire or radio (`the bottom') all the way up to the design of applications that run over networks (`the top)'. In this project, you will start from the top with an application we are all familiar with: a web server. You will use the Berkeley Sockets API to write a web server using a subset of the HyperText Transport Protocol (HTTP) 1:1 |RFC 2616 [2]. Your web server will also implement HyperText Transport Protocol Secure (HTTPS) via Transport Layer Security (TLS) as described in RFC 2818 [3]. Students enrolled under the 15-641 course number will implement the Common Gateway Interface (CGI) as described in RFC 3875 [4]. Reading an RFC is quite different from reading a news article, mystery novel, or even technical paper. Appendix B.2 has some tips read and use and RFC efficiently. RFCs are one of many ways the Internet declares `standards:' agreed upon algorithms, wire formats, and protocols for interoperability between different implementations of systems on a network. Without standards, software from one company would not be able to talk to software from another company and we would not have things like e-mail, the Web, or even the ability to route traffic between different companies or countries. Because your web server is compatible with these standards, you will, by the end of this project, be able to browse the content on your web server using standard browser like Chrome or Firefox. -
Web Application Security
CS 155 Spring 2016 Web Application Security 47,350,400 John Mitchell Acknowledgments: Lecture slides are from the Computer Security course taught by Dan Boneh and John Mitchell at Stanford University. When slides are obtained from other sources, a a reference will be noted on the bottom of that slide. A full list of references is provided on the last slide. WordPress Vulnerabilities Versio Added Title n 4.4.1 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Local URIs Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) 4.4.1 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Open Redirect 4.4 2016-01-06 WordPress 3.7-4.4 - Authenticated Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 4.4 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Local URIs Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) 4.4 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Open Redirect 4.3.2 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Local URIs Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) 4.3.2 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Open Redirect 4.3.1 2016-01-06 WordPress 3.7-4.4 - Authenticated Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 4.3.1 2016-01-06 WordPress 3.7-4.4 - Authenticated Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 4.3.1 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Local URIs Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) 4.3.1 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Open Redirect WordPress <= 4.3 - Authenticated Shortcode Tags Cross-Site Scripting 4.3 2015-09-15 (XSS) 4.3 2015-09-15 WordPress <= 4.3 - User List Table Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 4.3 2015-09-15 WordPress <= 4.3 - Publish Post and Mark as Sticky Permission Issue 4.3 2016-01-06 WordPress 3.7-4.4 - Authenticated Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) 4.3 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Local URIs Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) 4.3 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Open Redirect 4.2.6 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Local URIs Server Side Request Forgery (SSRF) 4.2.6 2016-02-02 WordPress 3.7-4.4.1 - Open Redirect OWASP Top Ten (2013) A-1 Injection Untrusted data is sent to an interpreter as part of a command or query. -
Rootkits for Javascript Environments
Rootkits for JavaScript Environments Ben Adida Adam Barth Collin Jackson Harvard University UC Berkeley Stanford University ben [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Web Site Bookmarklet Web Site Bookmarklet A number of commercial cloud-based password managers use bookmarklets to automatically populate and submit login forms. Unfortunately, an attacker web Native JavaScript environment site can maliciously alter the JavaScript environment and, when the login bookmarklet is invoked, steal the Figure 1. Developers assume the bookmarklet in- user’s passwords. We describe general attack tech- teracts with the native JavaScript environment directly niques for altering a bookmarklet’s JavaScript envi- (left). In fact, the bookmarklet’s environment can be ronment and apply them to extracting passwords from manipulated by the current web page (right). six commercial password managers. Our proposed solution has been adopted by several of the commercial vendors. If the user clicks a bookmarklet while visiting an untrusted web page, the bookmarklet’s JavaScript is run in the context of the malicious page, potentially 1. Introduction letting an attacker manipulate its execution by care- fully crafting its JavaScript environment, essentially One promising direction for building engaging web installing a “rootkit” in its own JavaScript environment experiences is to combine content and functionality (See Figure 1). Instead of interacting with the native from multiple sources, often called a “mashup.” In JavaScript objects, the bookmarklet interacts with the a traditional mashup, an integrator combines gadgets attacker’s objects. This attack vector is not much of (such as advertisements [1], maps [2], or contact a concern for Delicious’ social bookmarking service, lists [3]), but an increasingly popular mashup design because the site’s own interests are served by advertis- involves the user adding a bookmarklet [4] (also known ing its true location and title.