Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria
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A Life Worth Living
A LIFE WORTH LIVING A LIFE WORTH LIVING Albert Camus and the Quest for Meaning robert zaretsky the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, En gland 2013 Copyright © 2013 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College all rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Zaretsky, Robert, 1955– A life worth living : Albert Camus and the quest for meaning / Robert Zaretsky. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 674- 72476- 1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Camus, Albert, 1913– 1960. 2. Conduct of life. I. Title. B2430.C354Z37 2013 194—dc23 2013010473 CONTENTS Prologue 1 1. Absurdity 11 2. Silence 59 3. Mea sure 92 4. Fidelity 117 5. Revolt 148 Epilogue 185 Notes 199 A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s 2 2 1 Index 223 A LIFE WORTH LIVING PROLOGUE “Even my death will be contested. And yet what I desire most today is a quiet death, which would bring peace to those whom I love.”1 Albert Camus’ prediction, written in the last decade of his life, has been borne out, though perhaps not his hope. Over the past several years, contests have simmered and burst over the French Algerian writer’s legacy. Shortly after becoming France’s president, Nicolas Sarkozy made a state visit to Algeria. The visit garnered more than the usual attention, in part because Sarkozy had come to offi ce with a reputation as a bluntly spoken conservative who saw no reason for France to apologize for its role as a colonial power. -
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'zab Valley 2022
Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M’Zab Valley 2022 13 MAR – 2 APR 2022 Code: 22203 Tour Leaders Tony O’Connor Physical Ratings Explore Ottoman kasbahs, Roman Constantine, Timgad & Djemila, mud-brick trading towns of the Sahara, Moorish Tlemcen, & the secret world of the Berber M'Zab valley. Overview Join archaeologist Tony O'Connor on this fascinating tour which explores Roman Algeria, the Sahara & the M'Zab Valley. Explore the twisting streets, stairs, and alleys of the Ottoman Kasbah of Algiers and enjoy magnificent views across the city from the French colonial Cathedral of Notre-Dame d'Afrique. Wander perfectly preserved streets at the UNESCO World Heritage sites of Roman Djémila and Timgad, empty of visitors and complete with stunning mosaics, full-size temples, triumphal arches, market places, and theatres. At Sétif gaze upon one of the most exquisite mosaics in all of the Roman world – The Triumph of Dionysus. Engage with Numidian Kings at the extraordinary tombs of Medracen and the 'Tomb of the Christian' along with the ambitions of Cleopatra and Mark Antony at their daughter’s former capital of Caesarea/Cherchell. Explore the Roman 'City of Bridges', Constantine, encircled by the dramatic gorge of Wadi Rummel. Wander the atmospheric ruins of the Roman towns of Tipaza and Tiddis: Tipaza overlooks the Mediteranean, while Tiddis perches on a hillside, overlooking the fertile lands of Constantine. Walk the Algerian 'Grand Canyon' at El Ghoufi: a centre of Aures Berber culture, Algerian resistance to French colonial rule, inscriptions left behind by the engineers of Emperor Hadrian himself, and photogenic mud-brick villages clustering along vertiginous rocky ledges. -
Latefa Narriman Guemar 2016
Highly Skilled Algerian Women Displaced During the Black Decade: Online Networks, Transnational Belonging and Political Engagement Latefa Narriman Guemar A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the School of Social Sciences, University of East London for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract iv Acronyms v Acknowledgements vi Dedication viii Chapter One: Introduction General context of the research: migration and diaspora 1 Research questions 4 Significance, motivation and aims of the research 4 Literature review 9 Defining diaspora(s) and diasporic consciousness 9 Beyond ethnicity: the social constructionist critique of ‘diaspora’ 17 Dialogism: the Bakhtinian feminist approach to women’s re-construction of identity 24 The concepts of ‘de-selving’ and ‘re-selving’ 28 Organisation of the thesis 31 Chapter Two: Framework and Methodology Introduction 36 Feminist epistemology and research methods 37 Methodology of the oppressed 38 The role of ontology in questions of epistemology 44 My identity and positioning within the research 45 The Arab Spring, women’s online discourse and the birth of a research project 45 A research project on the move 49 Methodology at work 51 Sampling the network 51 Survey and questionnaire design 54 Interview technique 54 i Fieldwork 56 The core case study of Lamia 58 Confidentiality 60 Dissemination and debriefing participants 60 Transcribing the interviews 61 Limitations and strengths of the research 62 Characteristics of the participants 63 Conclusion 64 Chapter -
Country Profile of Algeria a Review of the Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child August 2011
Country Profile of Algeria A Review of the Implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child August 2011 This publication is fully funded by SIDA (Swedish International Development Coop- eration Agency). SIDA has not taken part in its production and does not assume any responsibility for its content. The Child Rights Governance Programme in Save the Children Sweden’s Regional Office for the Mid- dle East and North Africa implemented the activities of the Manara Network: A Civil Society for Child’s Rights in the Middle East and North Africa Region. Work on Child Rights Governance aims to build societies that fulfil children rights by establishing and strengthen- ing the infrastructure necessary for states to effectively implement the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and other child rights obligations. It seeks to support a vibrant civil society pushing children up the po- litical agenda and holding states to account for what they have or haven’t done to realise children’s rights. It is an ef- fective strategy for impacting at scale the lives of millions of children, resulting in structural and lasting change. Our long-term vision is that far more children have their rights fulfilled because: • All states meet their obligations to monitor and imple- ment children’s rights • A strong civil society, including children, holds states and the international community to account for chil- dren’s rights To advance this vision the Child Rights Governance Programme will have significantly contributed to two key objectives: -
A Thesis Entitled a Framework for the Study of the Spread of English In
A Thesis entitled A Framework for the Study of the Spread of English in Algeria: A Peaceful Transition to a Better Linguistic Environment by Kamal Belmihoub Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in English as a Second Language _________________________________________ Melinda Reichelt, PhD, Committee Chair _________________________________________ Mohamed Benrabah, PhD, Committee Member _________________________________________ Ruth A. Hottell, PhD, Committee Member _________________________________________ Patricia R. Komuniecki, PhD, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo May 2012 Copyright 2012, Kamal Belmihoub This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of A Framework for the Study of the Spread of English in Algeria: A Peaceful Transition to a Better Linguistic Environment by Kamal Belmihoub Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in English as a Second Language The University of Toledo May 2012 The first chapter of this thesis provides an overview of Algeria‟s history of linguistic diversity. The same chapter describes the language policy of Arabization, which has dominated Algeria‟s linguistic situation since independence from France in 1962. In the second chapter, this thesis presents a theoretical framework for the study of the spread of English in Algeria, where this language has been making inroads. It is argued that English should play a positive role in promoting a peaceful linguistic environment in the North African country. In the third and final chapter, the above- mentioned framework is applied to Algeria‟s context, analyzing this environment through the lenses of the theoretical considerations suggested by the framework. -
Thesis-1980-E93l.Pdf
LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN By DIANE MARIE HOPPER EVERMAN " Bachelor of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma December, 1977 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS July 25, 1980 -n , ,111e.5J s LAMBAESIS TO THE REIGN OF HADRIAN Thesis Approved: Dean of the Graduate College ii 10S2909 PREFACE Lambaesis was a Roman Imperial military fortress in North Africa in the modern-day nation of Algeria. Rome originally acquired the territory as a result of the defeat of Carthage in the Punic Wars. Expansion of territory and settlement of surplus population were two ideas behind its Romanization. However, North Africa's greatest asset for becoming a province was its large yield of grain. This province furnished most of the wheat for the empire. If something happened to hinder its annual production level then Rome and its provinces would face famine. Unlike most instances of acquiring territory Rome did not try to assimilate the native transhumant population. Instead these inhabitants held on to their ancestral lands until they were forcibly removed. This territory was the most agriculturally productive; unfortunately, it was also the area of seasonal migration for the native people. Lambaesis is important in this scheme because it was the base of the solitary legion in North Africa, the III Legio Augusta. After beginning in the eastern section of the province just north of the Aures Mountains the legion gradually moved west leaving a peaceful area behind. The site of Lambaesis was the III Legio Augusta's westernmost fortress. -
Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity Kevin Patrick Emery Wofford College
Wofford College Digital Commons @ Wofford Student Scholarship 5-2016 Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity Kevin Patrick Emery Wofford College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs Part of the Ancient History, Greek and Roman through Late Antiquity Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Emery, Kevin Patrick, "Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity" (2016). Student Scholarship. Paper 11. http://digitalcommons.wofford.edu/studentpubs/11 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Wofford. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Wofford. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wofford College Carthaginian Mercenaries: Soldiers of Fortune, Allied Conscripts, and Multi-Ethnic Armies in Antiquity An Honors Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the Department of History In Candidacy For An Honors Degree in History By Kevin Patrick Emery Spartanburg, South Carolina May 2016 1 Introduction The story of the mercenary armies of Carthage is one of incompetence and disaster, followed by clever innovation. It is a story not just of battles and betrayal, but also of the interactions between dissimilar peoples in a multiethnic army trying to coordinate, fight, and win, while commanded by a Punic officer corps which may or may not have been competent. Carthaginian mercenaries are one piece of a larger narrative about the struggle between Carthage and Rome for dominance in the Western Mediterranean, and their history illustrates the evolution of the mercenary system employed by the Carthaginian Empire to extend her power and ensure her survival. -
Introduction
Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly XLIV Crisis: Second Punic War Introduction: Delegates, Welcome to the Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly’s Second Punic War Historical Crisis. The Second Punic War, also known as the Hannibalic War, was a conflict that occurred from 218 – 201 BCE in the Western Mediterranean. The war was fought between Carthage, a dominant commercial empire, and the emerging power of Rome. This conflict marked the second time that the two powers had fought, and with Rome having been victorious in the first Punic War thirty years prior, Carthage was eager for revenge. It also featured the rise to the annals of history a variety of great men, such as legendary Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca and Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus. The rise of Rome in the Western Mediterranean would lead to an epic showdown that would change the course of history. In this particular committee, the SOMA Crisis Staff and Heads will create a simulation of these historical events, hopefully making them as enjoyable and interesting as possible, while maintaining historical fidelity. This background guide will give you a basic Page |1 Southern Ontario Model United Nations Assembly XLIV Crisis: Second Punic War knowledge of both the situation and how you, as a delegate, can influence the Crisis, but further research, as well as inquiry into the process of Crisis is welcome and encouraged. With all this in mind, we are excited to welcome you to SOMA XLIV Crisis Committee and we hope you enjoy your time with us. Margaret Fei Clarke VandenHoven Alec Sampaleanu Helen Kwong Director of Crisis Head of Crisis Jr. -
January 2020
Country Policy and Information Note Algeria: Internal relocation and background information Version 1.0 September 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides a summary of and links to country of origin information (COI) for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) general background to the country concerned, including demography and geography; and (2) issues which may be relevant to protection claims. Unlike country policy and information notes, it does not contain an assessment of risk, availability of protection or reasonableness of internal relocation. Decision makers must, however, still consider all claims on an individual basis, taking into account each case’s specific facts. Country of origin information The country information in this note has been carefully selected in accordance with the general principles of COI research as set out in the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation’s (ACCORD), Researching Country Origin Information – Training Manual, 2013. Namely, taking into account the COI’s relevance, reliability, accuracy, balance, currency, transparency and traceability. The structure and content of the country information section follows a terms of reference which sets out the general and specific topics relevant to this note. All information included in the note was published or made publicly available on or before the ‘cut-off’ date in the country information section. -
Roman North Africa North Roman
EASTERNSOCIAL WORLDS EUROPEAN OF LATE SCREEN ANTIQUITY CULTURES AND THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES Cilliers Roman North Africa Louise Cilliers Roman North Africa Environment, Society and Medical Contribution Roman North Africa Social Worlds of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages The Late Antiquity experienced profound cultural and social change: the political disintegration of the Roman Empire in the West, contrasted by its continuation and transformation in the East; the arrival of ‘barbarian’ newcomers and the establishment of new polities; a renewed militarization and Christianization of society; as well as crucial changes in Judaism and Christianity, together with the emergence of Islam and the end of classical paganism. This series focuses on the resulting diversity within Late Antique society, emphasizing cultural connections and exchanges; questions of unity and inclusion, alienation and conflict; and the processes of syncretism and change. By drawing upon a number of disciplines and approaches, this series sheds light on the cultural and social history of Late Antiquity and the greater Mediterranean world. Series Editor Carlos Machado, University of St. Andrews Editorial Board Lisa Bailey, University of Auckland Maijastina Kahlos, University of Helsinki Volker Menze, Central European University Ellen Swift, University of Kent Enrico Zanini, University of Siena Roman North Africa Environment, Society and Medical Contribution Louise Cilliers Amsterdam University Press Cover illustration: Ruins of the Antonine Baths in Carthage © Dreamstime Stockphoto’s Cover design: Coördesign, Leiden Typesetting: Crius Group, Hulshout isbn 978 94 6298 990 0 e-isbn 978 90 4854 268 0 doi 10.5117/9789462989900 nur 684 © Louise Cilliers / Amsterdam University Press B.V., Amsterdam 2019 All rights reserved. -
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(8), 245-249 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/5057 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/5057 RESEARCH ARTICLE AN ANALYTICAL ACCOUNT OF CHAOUI IDENTITY. Djelloul Nédjai. English Department, Mostéfa Benboulaïd Batna-2 University, Algeria. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Cross-World cultural studies refer to the complexity and the diversity of language and ethnic identity. Language and its culture are a Received: 03 June 2017 complex, multidimensional construct that can be studied on several Final Accepted: 05 July 2017 levels: international, national, regional, and organizational (Shachaf, Published: August 2017 2008). According to Norton (1997), “an investment in the target Key words:- language is also an investment in a learner’s own social identity, which Ideological, political, preconception, changes across time and space” (p.410). Indeed, understanding amalgam, identity, linguistic, cultural, concepts like identity and culture cannot be solely achieved through diversity, acculturation, complexity, tracing back their origin in past historical events and archives. Next to conflict, collective social identity. these useful sources of information, one has to critically look into how pre-established truths have been deliberately used as subversions to alienate and acculturate linguistic and ethnic identities (Laroche, Kim and Hui, 1997). This is how fake cultural identities have been pre- fabricated and deep harmful conflicts and contradictions have been created to weaken the personality of the individual and to corrupt the social collective identity. This was the case in many countries like the USA, Canada, and Australia. Algeria is no exception. Our paper seeks not only to highlight ambiguous concepts, but to attempt to come face- to-face with our realities, as well. -
Language Shift Or Maintenance in Tamazight: a Sociolinguistic Study
Language shift or maintenance in Tamazight: A sociolinguistic study of Chaouia in Batna, Algeria. Siham Rouabah A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex August 2020 P a g e | ii Acknowledgement To my supervisor Professor Peter L Patrick, I owe my deepest gratitude. Without Peter’s insightful feedback, solid advice and guidance, patience and support at all levels, I would have not made it. Peter taught me the skills to be able to undertake this research, whether in courses of language rights or sociolinguistics and fundamentals of methodological training, as well as supported me in my own teaching endeavours as a GTA. Everything that I have learnt at Essex started with Peter, even introducing me to the first Tamazight speaker, Prof. Abdellah Salhi, who was very supportive. I thank Prof. Enam Al-Wer and Dr. Uri Horesh from whom I benefited greatly from their valuable academic expertise and passionate dedication for Arabic sociolinguistics. Their exceptional encouragement and valuable comments on my work at the early stages largely contributed to shaping its final content. I also thank Dr. Vineeta Chand for her stimulating suggestions and guidance, and Dr. Ella Jeffries and Dr. Hannah Gibson for their support in the supervisory boards, and Prof. Monika Schmid for her statistical advice. I also express my special thanks to members of the Arabic Sociolinguistics Research Group, especially Sara Al-Sheyadi, Wisam Alshawi, and Mohammed Al-Rohili. Sara was an inspiration and never ceased to support and help throughout my PhD journey. Similarly, I thank Prof.