Fiscal 2014 Annual Work Program

FISCAL 2014

ANNUAL WORK PROGRAM

Ohio Department of Transportation Office of Statewide Planning and Research, Research Section

Research, Development and Technology Transfer Program, Part II

In cooperation with the U.S. Department of Transportation, Ohio Division of the Federal Highway Administration

MISSION OF THE RESEARCH SECTION

Invest in innovative research that develops, maintains, and assists Ohio in establishing a world class transportation system.

GOALS

The primary goal of ODOT’s research development and technology transfer (RD&T2) program is to provide decision makers with the information and tools they require to ensure that Ohio’s transportation system meets the evolving needs of our residents and the traveling public. Several other goals within the program include: maximize research investments; take advantage of new technologies; and produce practical results that have a strong possibility of being implemented.

Jennifer Townley, Acting Deputy Director Division of Planning

Scott Phinney, P.E., Administrator Office of Statewide Planning & Research

Cynthia Gerst, Section Head Research Section

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ODOT’S STRATEGIC RESEARCH FOCUS AREAS i

SP&R2 PROGRAM DETAIL

FY 2014 Work Program Summary 1

Active Projects 2 Active Projects Abstracts 4

Proposed Projects for Fiscal Year 2014 106 Proposed Projects Abstracts 107

Pooled Fund Projects 138

ODOT’S STRATEGIC RESEARCH FOCUS AREAS

Ohio has one of the world’s largest transportation systems, creating opportunities as well as challenges for the state. ODOT uses strategic planning to take advantage of opportunities and meet the state’s challenges in a timely manner. The strategic research focus areas provide the basis for projects included in the SPR Part 2 Program. In 2013, ODOT focused its research efforts on the following four areas:

Area 1: Transportation Asset Management ODOT’s largest asset is our transportation infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, intermodal facilities, railways and ports. Through usage and the passage of time, the system degrades and can become inadequate for both current and projected travel demands. Maintenance of the infrastructure presents many challenges as well as opportunities for improvements. Developing methods to better utilize resources and integrate advances in science, technology, and construction techniques will assist ODOT in efforts to both modernize and support our system.

Area 2: Organizational Transformation The Greek philosopher Heraclitus once said, “the only constant is change”; this statement resonates today. ODOT is faced with challenging situations brought about through influences such as economics, demographics, management trends, downsizing, shifts in federal funding, increased maintenance needs, and so forth. Research will guide ODOT in creating opportunities to foster innovation, leverage resources, and streamline and enhance decision making and project delivery.

Area 3: Transportation Safety Ensuring the safety of those utilizing and maintaining our transportation system is a priority for ODOT. The traveling public expects the system to meet their individual needs in a manner that is safe, convenient, economic, and efficient with minimal disruption to their daily routines. In addition, protection for highway crews working on-location is a prominent concern. Identifying, developing and implementing corrective strategies before hazardous events occur is key to advancing a safe and reliable transportation system.

Area 4: Customer Connections It has been well noted in the business world that effective communication with customers is a critical component to success and longevity. The basis of this sentiment is just as applicable in the public sector as the private sector. As a state agency, ODOT has a wide array of customers and stakeholders. In order for ODOT to fully achieve our mission, it is important for us to be in sync with our customers. Developing methodologies that will foster partnerships and assist ODOT in understanding customers’ needs while effectively telling our story and communicating the efficiencies of ODOT is essential.

Program Summary SPR2 Work Program FY2014

FY2014 FY2015 SOURCES Total Federal State Total Federal State Estimated FY SP&R 2 Funds 7,377,434 5,901,947 1,475,487 7,377,434 5,901,947 1,475,487 Carryforward FY‐1+ Funds 5,413,530 3,486,386 1,927,144 3,913,530 2,486,386 1,427,144 Available Funds 12,790,964 9,388,333 3,402,631 11,290,964 8,388,333 2,902,631

USES SHRP2 254,578 254,578 254,578 254,578 TRB 208,093 208,093 208,093 208,093 NCHRP (funded by SPR1) 0 0 0 0 LTAP 140,000 140,000 140,000 140,000 Pooled Fund Commitments 107,000 107,000 22,000 22,000 Active Project Commitments 579,415 463,532 115,883 0 00 Commitments 1,289,086 1,173,203 115,883 624,671 624,671 0

Active Project Modifications 500,000 400,000 100,000 500,000 400,000 100,000 Research On Call 125,000 100,000 25,000 125,000 100,000 25,000 Implementation 550,000 440,000 110,000 750,000 600,000 150,000 In House 500,000 400,000 100,000 500,000 400,000 100,000 Pooled Funds 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 ORIL 500,000 400,000 100,000 500,000 400,000 100,000 Peer Exchange 0 0 10,000 10,000 Other 0 0 0 00 Allocations 2,275,000 1,840,000 435,000 2,485,000 2,010,000 475,000

Strategic Projects 3,620,821 2,896,657 724,164 4,375,000 3,500,000 875,000 Proposals in Progress 850,000 680,000 170,000 0 00 OPREP 884,607 707,686 176,921 750,000 600,000 150,000 Student Studies 109,421 87,537 21,884 200,000 160,000 40,000 Implementation Projects 200,000 160,000 40,000 0 00 Pooled Funds 50,000 50,000 0 0 Proposed Projects 5,714,849 4,581,879 1,132,970 5,325,000 4,260,000 1,065,000

SUMMARY Available Funds 12,790,964 9,388,333 3,402,631 11,290,964 8,388,333 2,902,631 Commitments ‐1,289,086 ‐1,173,203 ‐115,883 ‐624,671 ‐624,671 0 Allocations ‐2,275,000 ‐1,840,000 ‐435,000 ‐2,485,000 ‐2,010,000 ‐475,000 Proposed Projects ‐5,714,849 ‐4,581,879 ‐1,132,970 ‐5,325,000 ‐4,260,000 ‐1,065,000 Remaining Funds 3,512,030 1,793,251 1,718,778 2,856,293 1,493,662 1,362,631

1 Active Projects

Project Current State Job Duration Encumbered Proposed FY Proposed FY Total Proposed Number Project Title (months) Funds 2014 Funding 2015 Funding Cost Operation & Maintenance of a Statewide Crest-Stage 134141 Stream Gauging Network in Ohio 219 $ 1,106,057.00 $ - $ - $ 1,106,057.00

Exfiltration Trenches for Post Construction Storm 134384 Water Management for Linear Transportation Projects 48 $ 585,873.24 $ - $ - $ 585,873.24 134414 Rapid Orthophoto Development System 28 $ 1,492,491.54 $ - $ - $ 1,492,491.54 134472 Climate Change Technical Assistance 48 $ 20,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ - $ 40,000.00 Ice Prevention or Removal on the Veteran’s Glass City 134489 Skyway Cables 46 $ 584,644.48 $ - $ - $ 584,644.48 Determining the Limitations of Warm Mix Asphalt by Water Injection in Mix Design, Quality Control and 134576 Placement 28 $ 250,555.98 $ - $ - $ 250,555.98 134602 Uncontrolled Concrete Bridge Parapet Cracking 23 $ 40,000.00 $ - $ - $ 40,000.00 Probabilistic Use of LiDAR Data to Detect and 134609 Characterize Landslides 18 $ 368,346.00 $ - $ - $ 368,346.00 Linking Land Use, Transportation and Travel Behavior 134624 in Ohio 16 $ 135,664.00 $ - $ - $ 135,664.00 Improving Work Zone Safety Through Speed 134625 Management 16 $ 37,077.00 $ - $ - $ 37,077.00 134629 Snow Removal Wastewater Disposal Alternatives 28 $ 298,240.06 $ - $ - $ 298,240.06 Managing Transportation Assets: Development of 134639 Enabling Decision Support Tools 53 $ 150,000.00 $ 347,683.00 $ 497,683.00 Rockfall Concrete Barrier Evaluation and Design 134640 Crtieria 24 $ 910,459.23 $ - $ - $ 910,459.23 Bicycle Trip Forecasting Model: Cincinnati 134641 Metropolitan Case Study 16 $ 40,000.00 $ - $ - $ 40,000.00 Evaluation of Epoke® Bulk Spreader for Winter 134651 Maintenance 24 $ 327,438.33 $ - $ - $ 327,438.33

Incorporating Chemical Stabilization of the Subgrade 134659 in Pavement Design and Construction Practices 22 $ 69,001.42 $ - $ - $ 69,001.42 Bio-Engineering Techniques for Landslide 134660 Stabilization - Supplement 24 $ 52,911.33 $ - $ - $ 52,911.33 Polymeric Thermochromic Dye for Improvement of 134661 Asphalt Pavement Durability 30 $ 249,846.00 $ - $ - $ 249,846.00 Traffic Data for Integrated Project-Level PM2.5 134662 Conformity Analysis 24 $ 319,796.00 $ - $ - $ 319,796.00 134668 PCR Evaluation 15 $ 325,001.50 $ - $ - $ 325,001.50 134677 Evaluation of Support Inspection Program 16 $ 702,301.30 $ - $ - $ 702,301.30 134690 Structures Research Services 24 $ 250,000.00 $ - $ - $ 250,000.00 Identifying Culvert Design Parameters that Correlate 134691 with Fish Passage Success 16 $ 34,678.00 $ - $ - $ 34,678.00 Impact of Lakeside Subsidence on Benchmark 134692 Reliability 16 $ 40,000.00 $ - $ - $ 40,000.00 Rock Mass Classification System: Transition from 134693 RMR to GSI 16 $ 29,465.65 $ - $ - $ 29,465.65 Role of Sulfates on Highway Heaving in Lake County, 134694 Ohio 12 $ 25,000.00 $ - $ - $ 25,000.00 Bridge Condition Assessment and Load Rating Using 134695 Dynamic Response 24 $ 132,120.00 $ - $ - $ 132,120.00 Mining Vehicle Classifications from the Columbus 134696 Metropolitan Freeway Management System 28 $ 160,000.00 $ - $ - $ 160,000.00 Comparison and Testing of Various Noise Wall 134697 Materials 12 $ 187,365.12 $ - $ - $ 187,365.12 Height Modernization Program and Subsidence Study 134698 in Northern Ohio 16 $ 220,000.00 $ - $ - $ 220,000.00 Effectiveness of Asphalt Penetrating Sealers in 134702 Extending New Asphalt Pavement Life 52 $ 211,658.77 $ - $ - $ 211,658.77 Assessment and Treatment of Sulfate-Bearing Soils in 134703 Ohio 20 $ 149,369.00 $ - $ - $ 149,369.00 Evaluation of the Viking-Cives TowPlow for Winter 134704 Maintenance 16 $ 453,653.08 $ - $ - $ 453,653.08 Development of an Automated System for QC/QA of 134705 Asphalt and Aggregate Materials 6 $ 74,810.00 $ - $ - $ 74,810.00 Evaluation of Renewable Energy Alternatives for 134706 Highway Maintenance Facilities 16 $ 100,515.32 $ - $ - $ 100,515.32 Influence of Warm Mix Asphalt on Aging of Asphalt 134707 Binders 28 $ 168,000.00 $ - $ - $ 168,000.00 2 Project Current State Job Duration Encumbered Proposed FY Proposed FY Total Proposed Number Project Title (months) Funds 2014 Funding 2015 Funding Cost 134708 Cracking Behavior of Structural Slab Bridge Decks 24 $ 85,000.00 $ - $ - $ 85,000.00 Performance Based Design of Laterally Loaded Drilled 134709 Shafts 16 $ 40,000.00 $ - $ - $ 40,000.00 Probabilistic Analysis Algorithm for UASLOPE 2.1 134710 Software Program 16 $ 40,000.00 $ - $ - $ 40,000.00

134716 Evaluation of Ohio Work Zone Speed Zones Process 22 $ 279,400.58 $ - $ - $ 279,400.58 Evaluation and Analysis of Liquid Deicers for Winter 134717 Maintenance 16 $ 160,886.74 $ - $ - $ 160,886.74 Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Salt Neutralizers for 134718 Washing Snow and Ice Equipment 16 $ 213,747.00 $ - $ - $ 213,747.00 Evaluation of Traffic Flow Analysis and Road User 134719 Cost Tools Applied to Work Zones 24 $ 105,383.50 $ 61,731.50 $ - $ 167,115.00

134722 Creation of a Customer Relations Development System 12 $ 233,920.57 $ - $ - $ 233,920.57

134723 Assessing the Performance of the SpeedInfo Sensor 16 $ 40,000.00 $ - $ - $ 40,000.00 134724 Evaluation of Winter Pothole Patching Methods 16 $ 146,597.15 $ - $ - $ 146,597.15 Assessment of ODOT’s Conduit Service Life 134725 Prediction Methodology 47 $ 708,133.03 $ - $ - $ 708,133.03 Analysis of Aggregate Pier Systems for Stabilization of 134726 Subgrade Settlement 49 $ 455,636.00 $ - $ - $ 455,636.00 Procedures for Waste Management from Street 134731 Sweeping and Storm Water Systems 16 $ 241,611.02 $ - $ - $ 241,611.02 Evaluation of GPS/AVL Systems for Snow & Ice 134740 Operations Resource Management 28 $ 706,153.20 $ - $ - $ 706,153.20 Passenger Flow Estimation and Characteristics 134752 Expansion 20 $ 840,280.00 $ - $ - $ 840,280.00 Development of Strategic Enterprise Architecture 134756 Design for ODOT 8 $ 382,204.95 $ - $ - $ 382,204.95

Instrumentation of the US Grant Bridge for Monitoring of Fabrication, Erection, In-Service Behavior, and to 148050 Support Management, Maintenance, and Inspection 138 $ 868,634.00 $ - $ - $ 868,634.00 LUC-2-1682 Anthony Wayne Bridge Main Cable Long 427318 Term Health Monitoring 16 $ 38,030.00 $ - $ - $ 38,030.00 457840 Licking County Flood Warning Gage 4 $ 25,500.00 $ - $ - $ 25,500.00 494660 Thermal Segregation Study - Site 2 19 $ 17,000.00 $ - $ - $ 17,000.00 495059 Thermal Segregation Study - Site 1 19 $ 43,253.21 $ - $ - $ 43,253.21 Evaluation of Optional and/or Replacement Concrete 526980 Sealers 29 $ 38,198.21 $ - $ - $ 38,198.21 465970/ Implementation and Thickness Optimization of 580483 Perpetual Pavements in Ohio 31 $ 685,022.51 $ - $ - $ 685,022.51 ADMIN-C In House Research 48 $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $ 1,500,000.00 ADMIN-D ODOT's Research Initiative for Locals (ORIL) 48 $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $ 500,000.00 $ 1,500,000.00 Analysis and Enhancement of the Automated Research N/A Management System (ARMS) 6$ 99,360.00 $ 150,000.00 $ 249,360.00 Effectiveness of the TRU-88 Wildlife Roadway N/A Crossing Culverts and Exclusion Fencing 17$ 4,910.00 $ - $ - $ 4,910.00

Total Active Project Funding:$ 17,801,201.02 $ 1,579,414.50 $ 1,000,000.00 $ 20,380,615.52

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Operation & Maintenance of a Statewide Crest-Stage Stream Gauging Network in Ohio

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Natural Resources Researcher: Ted Lozier

Status: Active State Job #: 134141 RFP #: 04-B

Start Date: August 07, 2003 End Date: August 07, 2021 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jeff Syar Project Type: Hydraulics

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Flood magnitude and frequency data are not available for many stream sites in Ohio. Floods cause serious damage to private property as well as public buildings and highways every year. Floods also pose a risk of personal injury and death. Further knowledge of the magnitude and frequency of flooding could be used to reduce the risk associated with flooding.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of the Operation and Maintenance of a Statewide Crest-Stage Stream Gauging Network in Ohio study is to collect additional flood data at a selected stream sites throughout Ohio.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Systematically operate 18 gage sites and collect flood flow data for a period of at least 20 years.

2. If only flood data is needed, crest stages can be used in an efficient way by using the following methods a) Use Method A for sites with drainage area of 7 square miles or less with a suitable culvert. b) Use Method B for sites with drainage area of 45 to 100 square miles or less with channels that are not suitable for a theoretical channel rating. c) Use Method B for sites with drainage area of 5 to 45 square miles or less with channels that are suitable for a theoretical channel rating.

3. Install and operate a network of 18 crest stage gages (6 of Method A, 6 of Method B, 6 of Method C) for a period of 20 years.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Annually published the instantaneous stream-flows above the base-peak flow in the Ohio District Water Resources Data Report.

2. Published and released within 12 months of the initiation of operation of the gages a USGS Fact Sheet identifying each of the 18 stream sites with crest-stage installed and the method of operation of the gages will be.

3. The Final report will be written to summarize the entire project at the completion of 20 years of data collection.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Exfiltration Trenches for Post Construction Storm Water Management for Linear Transportation Projects

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Gayle Mitchell

Status: Active State Job #: 134384 RFP #: 07-21

Start Date: May 01, 2008 End Date: May 01, 2012 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jeff Syar Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT is required by the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (OEPA) to implement post-construction storm water Best Management Practices (BMPs) for linear transportation systems that are sold after March 10, 2006. Several BMPs are candidates for this application (Vegetated Bio-filters Devices, Infiltration Devices, and Detention Devices). Of these the Exfiltration Trench Infiltration Device appear to be an attractive choice due to manageable construction costs and constructability and ease of maintenance and operation but, design optimization and performance verification are needed.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of this research will include:

1) examining the design, durability, and construction of the Exfiltration Trench;

2) proposing revisions to the Exfiltration Trench to provide an optimum filter medium design to capture the first flush;

3) developing a maintenance manual; and

4) examining any and all possible safety concerns.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Perform literature review and prepare a synthesis of the gathered information.

Task 2: Develop a research plan for ODOT approval to test the first flush ability of the Exfiltration Trench, implement the approved research plan, make recommendations to revise the Exfiltration Trench accordingly, and then test this revised Exfiltration Trench.

Task 3: Develop a research plan for ODOT approval to test the filter media of the Exfiltration Trench for removing runoff constituent (pollutants) during the first flush, implement the approved research plan, make recommendations, revise the Exfiltration Trench filter media, and then then test this revised Exfiltration Trench filter media.

Task 4: Draft the Exfiltration Trench design, durability, construction, maintenance manual, and address safety concerns.

Task 5: Develop a research plan for ODOT approval to investigate and evaluate the performance assessment /verification of an existing Exfiltration Trench, and implement the approved research plan.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

The deliverables of this project will include: literature review, the research plans mentioned in the above tasks, final report to include revisions to the following: 1) design recommendations to ODOT's Location and Design Manual (Volume Two); 2) Standard Construction Drawing WQ-1.2 for the Exfiltration Trench; 3) Supplemental Specification SS 835 for the Exfiltration Trench; 4) A durability document on the Exfiltration Trench. Finally, a maintenance manual based on traffic and environment.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Rapid Orthophoto Development System

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Charles Toth

Status: Active State Job #: 134414 RFP #: 09-04

Start Date: December 01, 2008 End Date: April 01, 2010 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rachel Lewis Project Type: Aerial

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED: ODOT's Office of Aerial Engineering produces approximately 50 project specific orthophotos annually which are used for many types of planning and design purposes. Many projects are planning and analysis related where traffic and safety issues govern the time sensitive nature of the requested orthophoto products needed to resolve an issue. Current project specific orthophoto generation processes are tedious and time consuming to achieve the image quality and geometric accuracy necessary to meet our current transportation needs. There is a need for a rapid orthophoto system that is capable of producing high quality, high accuracy orthophotos.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Rapid Orthophoto Development System" is to recommend and update, including hardware and software components, the Office of Aerial Engineering mapping system to provide a significant improvement in orthophoto production. The proposed digital mapping system should allow for 1) the elimination of time-consuming and labor-intensive tasks that are associated with analog system components, 2) fast data transfer between the major processing units, and 3) high level automation of various processes, all needed to achieve an efficient orthopho production.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

A large format digital aerial camera; algorithmic developments for improved orthophoto generation sequence that is less sensitive to occlusions and to improve the ortho creation process for bridges; software suite of tools for integration into OAE’s existing workflow; all source code; and required reports.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Climate Change Technical Assistance

Research Agency: AASHTO Researcher:

Status: Active State Job #: 134472 RFP #: 134472

Start Date: End Date: June 30, 2010 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Timothy Hill Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

Objectives are:

Communication: Foster communication between state DOT's to assist with inter-agency learning and information sharing.

Technical Assistance: Provide assistance to states on technical issues such as greenhouse gas inventories and forecasts, and methods and tools for analyzing transportation greenhouse gas impacts and reduction opportunities.

Information sharing: Provide information to the states including best practices, international efforts, federal and regional initiatives, state actions, latest research, policy issues, etc.

Policy tracking: track federal legislative and rulemaking activity, including identification of issues and early notification of potential changes in laws, regulations and procedures that could impact state transportation programs.

Research tracking: Track pending research and assist with dissemination of research results.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Ice Prevention or Removal on the Veterans Glass City Skyway Cables

Research Agency: University of Toledo Researcher: Douglas K. Nims

Status: Active State Job #: 134489 RFP #: 10-08

Start Date: March 07, 2010 End Date: January 07, 2011 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Mike Gramza Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

The Veterans' Glass City Skyway (VGCS), formerly known as the Maumee River Crossing, is one of only two installations in the United States that uses a new cable-stayed cradle system that eliminates anchorages in the pylon by carrying the stays from anchorages in the bridge deck, through the pylon and back to anchorages in the deck. The stay cables consist of a series of parallel stainless steel tubes inside a larger stainless steel outer sheathing. The stainless steel sheathing offers aesthetic and life cycle cost advantages over other materials; however, there have also been other unexpected results. Specifically, ice accumulates on the stays, which presents safety issues for the motorists traveling below. When this occurs, the department must close lanes in each direction until the ice is gone. This landmark structure, which is an important connector for multimodal transportation and economic development, has thousands of vehicles crossing daily. Extended lane closures impede economic activity and are a tremendous inconvenience to the traveling public and the surrounding community. A cost effective method to safely and efficiently remove ice from the stays without damaging the structure or causing additional safety concerns and delays to the public is desirable. A cost effective method to prevent the formation of ice on the stays is preferable.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Ice Prevention or Removal on the Veteran's Glass City Skyway Cables" is to identify of the most effective and reliable solution to this problem. It is intended to implement a cost effective solution prior to next winter season. This is necessary for the safety of the traveling public along with minimizing the inconvenience due to traffic delays caused by closing two of the available three lanes of traffic. It is anticipated that the research performed will determine if a cost effective solution is available that will not impact the aesthetics of the stainless steel cables. This research may not only benefit the Veterans’ Glass City Skyway but cable stay bridges across the world that encounter icing conditions.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Identify all available technologies and procedures that could be used to solve this problem.

Task 2 - Examine the advantages, disadvantages and potential applicability of each on the VGCS.

Task 3 - Recommend at least three viable solutions.

Task 4 - Provide an interim report that includes a summary of the findings from steps 1 & 2; and a detailed description and benefit/cost analysis for each recommended solution in step 3 (along with an estimate of the budget and time needed to complete step 5 for each recommendation).

Task 5 - Based on review and approval by the department, fully develop the selected recommendation for implementation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Determining the Limitations of Warm Mix Asphalt by Water Injection in Mix Design, Quality Control and Placement

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Ala R. Abbas

Status: Active State Job #: 134576 RFP #: 2011-10

Start Date: April 25, 2011 End Date: August 25, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: David Powers Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Over the last three years, the use of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) in the United States has rapidly expanded due to its multiple benefits. Director Beasley directed ODOT to implement the use of WMA in 2008/2009. In 2009, ODOT initiated a student study, "Mechanical Properties of Warm Mix Asphalts Prepared Using Foamed Asphalt Binders" (SJN: 134476) with the University of Akron. The objective of this study is to investigate a laboratory foaming method for mix design and look at preliminary performance results of foaming based on lab made mixes. Several assumptions were made at that time to allow specifying the methods and criteria to be used in Ohio. From what is being learned in the study and from some of the unanswered assumptions significant questions remain, such as: (1) the effect of aggregate moisture on foaming extent, binder adhesion and moisture damage and (2) field compaction temperature range for quality control samples and mat placement. Current WMA methods and specifications need validated or changed to better promote and properly use WMA in Ohio.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Determining the Limitations of Warm Mix Asphalt by Water Injection in Mix Design, Quality Control and Placement" is to develop reasonable and implementable requirements for the use of WMA in Ohio.

RESEARCH TASKS:

The work will primarily consist of in lab efforts, defined by the researcher, to address the aforementioned problems.

Task 1 - Develop a research methodology that, at a minimum, includes: recreating multiple asphalt mix types with various aggregates under hot and warm mix design methods using applicable and accepted mix design practices.

Task 2 - Create a matrix of study efforts to isolate and define the variables affecting lab moisture sensitivity and field compaction such as binder content, temperature ranges, aggregate moisture and aggregate type.

Task 3 - Validate design requirements for WMA mixes and the working temperature range in the field within which WMA mixes can be properly produced and placed and what issues can be expected to arise when the above variables are out of range.

Task 4 - Reporting findings.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Quarterly reports

2) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary (including electronic versions)

3) Recommendations to revise existing specifications

4) Recommendations to revise mix design or testing methods

5) Recommendations, if necessary, for contractors to control asphalt plant operations and WMA placement

6) Participation in required meetings (i.e. start-up, review sessions, results presentation)

7) Article for R&D newsletter (upon request)

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Uncontrolled Concrete Bridge Parapet Cracking

Research Agency: Cleveland State University Researcher: Norbert Delatte

Status: Active State Job #: 134602 RFP #: 2012-04

Start Date: August 01, 2011 End Date: December 01, 2012 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Richard Walters Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

There appears to be wide-spread premature cracking of bridge concrete parapets on relatively recently constructed bridge decks. The District has identified 27 bridges exhibiting premature cracking of bridge concrete parapets to varying degrees. Bridge concrete parapets can be replaced without bridge deck replacement, and the decks on which these problem parapets were poured appear to be performing as anticipated. A cursory review of District 12 parapets shows little correlation between deck characteristics; some are on short spans, while other longer spans on skews. Also, multiple contractors and concrete suppliers are involved. The District continues to design and construct these bridge concrete parapets similarly every year. The District did replace one cracked parapet (without replacing the deck) and the cost was about $140,000. Cracked parapets are a safety concern and the potential cost to the Department to remove and replace parapets could be significant.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Uncontrolled Concrete Bridge Parapet Cracking" is to provide a list of supported hypotheses for premature cracking on bridge concrete parapets.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Develop a list of hypotheses for premature cracking considering design, materials and construction aspects. This task will be performed in close collaboration with District personnel.

Task 2 - Attempt to identify a bridge without a cracking parapet from within the same time frame, in order to compare with four bridges with cracking parapets that the District has identified: Sheldon Road over I-71, Spring Road over Jennings Freeway/SF176, Canterbury Road over I90 and Wagar Road over I90.

Task 3 - Perform a desk study of available records (e.g., plans, construction documents, test results) for each of the four bridges, as well as the comparison bridge (if one has been identified).

Task 4 - Carry out site visits to compare as-built to planned condition, measure and map cracks, test with nondestructive evaluation equipment (e.g., impact-echo, ultrasonic pulse velocity)

Task 5 - Analyze results to determine what hypotheses are supported and which are refuted by the available data

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Initial draft of hypotheses prior to investigations or analysis

2) Quarterly progress reports

3) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary

4) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

5) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Probabilistic Use of LiDAR Data to Detect and Characterize Landslides

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Dorota Brzezinska

Status: Active State Job #: 134609 RFP #: 2011-09

Start Date: August 04, 2011 End Date: February 04, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Kirk Beach Project Type: Geotechnical

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Landslide hazard and its consequences in the transportation network are well-understood; however, current methods to identify and assess landslide conditions are inefficient. These methods are mostly based on labor-intensive field surveys and many sites are not easily accessible. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology has seen phenomenal developments in the past ten years. Both airborne and terrestrial LiDAR have been shown to directly provide accurate surface models. This technology is a prime consideration for landslide detection and monitoring. It is relatively easily available, efficient and can achieve the accuracy needed for detecting surface changes in the cm-level range. Given Ohio's extensive road infrastructure and its fast rate of deterioration, an assessment into the feasibility of using LiDAR for landslide identification and subsequent development of a methodology for its use is needed.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Probabilistic Use of LiDAR Data to Detect and Characterize Landslides" is to develop and validate computer models for automatic detection and assessment of landslides using time-series airborne LiDAR data.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Gather data from ODOT on selected test location (State Route 666).

Task 2 - Analyze LiDAR and field data to determine landslide signatures.

Task 3 - Back-test and calibrate computer models using SR 666 data.

Task 4 - Provide summary findings and recommendations for further testing and calibration (if appropriate).

Based on the results of this study, ODOT may opt to initiate a second phase, which would include full production level testing of the probabilistic approach in other geographic and geologic settings in the state.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Quarterly reports

2) Summary of findings and recommendations from Task 4. If ODOT opts to initiate a second phase, this summary will serve as an interim report and a proposal for Phase 2 will be requested. If ODOT opts not to initiate a second phase, this summary will be expanded into a final report and executive summary for publication.

3) Two computer models, one for landslide location and one for landslide volume, in both raw code (Matlab) and executable versions suitable for stand-alone use on a PC.

4) Hardware requirements to run the computer models.

5) Training session for ODOT personnel on use of the computer models (if needed).

6) Participation in required meetings (i.e. start-up, review sessions, results presentation).

7) Article for R&D newsletter (upon request).

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Linking Land Use, Transportation and Travel Behavior in Ohio

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Gulsah Akar

Status: Active State Job #: 134624 RFP #: 2012-21

Start Date: September 19, 2011 End Date: January 19, 2013 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rebekah Anderson Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Facing major challenges relating to energy consumption, global warming, environmental quality, and economic viability, metropolitan regions around the world are examining the consequences of alternative growth patterns on resource consumption. As we plan for new land use policies and investments in the transportation system over the next decade, we will face a new set of challenges tied to the changing demographic and economic conditions in Ohio, in addition to the rising costs of energy and related policies aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of our economy. The first step in understanding the possible implications of these changes is a deeper understanding of the current relationships between land use and travel behavior, and how these might be impacted by future land use, transportation and energy policies.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Linking Land Use, Transportation and Travel Behavior in Ohio" is to develop a user-friendly regional land use allocation decision analysis model that will enable the analysts and decision-makers develop scenarios and understand the impacts of the changing economy, demographics, and land use policies on the resulting travel behavior of Ohioans.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Analyzing demographics, land use and travel behavior in Ohio

Task 2 - Determining trip generation rates for various urban typologies

Task 3 - Development of the Land Use Allocation Division Model and scenario Analysis

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Regional Land Use Allocation Decision Analysis Tool

2) Quarterly progress reports

3) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

4) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

5) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Improving Work Zone Safety Through Speed Management

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Deborah McAvoy

Status: Active State Job #: 134625 RFP #: 2012-15

Start Date: November 08, 2011 End Date: March 08, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Reynaldo Stargall Project Type: Traffic

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Work zones are necessary for road improvement projects and cause changing traffic patterns, reduced speed limits, congestion and an influx of construction and maintenance workers as well as equipment on the road. The proper use of traffic control devices is an important part of every work zone where their primary function is to provide for a reasonably safe and efficient movement of traffic while protecting workers. In order to determine what impact alternative traffic control devices or modifications to work zone temporary traffic control design have on speed reduction, various devices and methods will be evaluated for their effectiveness in terms of worker risk and motorists safety is warranted.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Improving Work Zone Safety through Speed Management" is to determine the safest and most efficient method for the reduction of vehicular speeds through construction and maintenance work zones.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Conduct a literature review to identify traffic control devices or countermeasures which have the potential to reduce vehicular speeds through work zones as well as non-work zones.

Task 2 - Select up to twenty speed countermeasures for simulator testing based upon discussions with and recommendations from ODOT’s Division of Highway Operations Office of Traffic Engineering.

Task 3 - Design schematic traffic control plans for the selected countermeasures and upon approval from ODOT, develop the virtual worlds in the simulator.

Task 4 - Conduct controlled laboratory experiments to quantify driver behavior and performance of a representative focus group using ORITE’s driving simulator.

Task 5 - Statistically analyze the effect of the countermeasures tested in the simulator.

Task 6 - Develop recommendations for field implementation.

Task 7 - Prepare final report

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Synthesis of the State-of-the-Art Review

2) Summary of driving behavior and performance of the focus group from the controlled laboratory experiments using the driving simulator through work zones

3) Preliminary Data Summaries and Findings

4) Quarterly progress reports

5) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

6) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

7) Participation in required meetings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Snow Removal Wastewater Disposal Alternatives

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Chris Miller

Status: Active State Job #: 134629 RFP #: 2012-06

Start Date: September 18, 2011 End Date: January 18, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jamie Hendershot Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT currently owns and operates 88 county garages, 127 outposts, and 12 district garage and central office facilities. Additionally, ODOT owns and operates a fleet of 1674 dump trucks utilized, primarily, to combat snow and ice on 49,000 lane miles of interstate and state highways. When cleaning the fleet vehicles after the snow and ice removal process, industrial wastewater is created and must be disposed of in an eco-friendly manner. Currently, wastewater generated from washing the equipment is disposed of in one of two methods:

(1) If the garage or facility is in an area that sanitary sewer is available, the wastewater is drained into the existing sewer system. Based on the data from the District 10 county garage, the cost is approximately $3500/year.

(2) If sewer is not available, the wastewater is filtered to remove oil then stored in tanks to be re-used to make salt brine. Based on the data from District 10 county garage, the cost is approximately $28,690/year.

Storing wastewater to re-use in making salt brine is preferred as it is cost effective and environmentally friendly; however, the quantity of wastewater generated currently exceeds the amount of salt brine needed. As a result, the excess wastewater must be transported to a sanitary treatment facility in those regions of the state where sanitary sewer is not available.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Snow Removal Wastewater Disposal Alternatives" is to provide an evaluation of the existing process that is utilized when sanitary sewer is not available and recommend a solution that will (a) alleviate the creation of industrial wastewater in the equipment cleaning process entirely or (b) provide a more cost effective solution to safely, efficiently, and environmentally dispose of wastewater generated from the process.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Evaluate the snow and salt removal wastewater disposal procedures for at least one county garage in each of the 12 ODOT districts.

Task 2: Evaluate if any commercially viable solutions are available today that could be used to prevent the creation of industrial wastewater. If it is determined that no suitable solutions are commercially available, then an analysis should be done to evaluate the solutions that are being utilized today by the 12 ODOT districts, and the industry in general, and a best-practices recommendation should be provided by the researcher.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Task 3: Develop a matrix of alternatives that will compare and contrast solutions that are available today and provide a recommendation on the most viable solution(s).

Task 4: Provide a summary of the findings from steps 1 & 2; and a detailed description and benefit/cost analysis for the recommendations provided in step 3 (inclusive of an estimate of the budget and time needed to complete each method included in the matrix).

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) District process comparison matrix

2) Matrix of proposed alternatives/solutions

3) Quarterly progress reports

4) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

5) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Managing Transportation Assets: Development of Enabling Decision Support Tools

Research Agency: University of Toledo Researcher: Eddie Y. Chou

Status: Active State Job #: 134639 RFP #: 2012-20

Start Date: January 15, 2012 End Date: January 15, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Andrew Williams Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Implementing transportation asset management is a process of continuous improvement. The importance of senior management support cannot be overstated. The benefits of asset management as a decision support tool in making crucial funding decisions, planning budget trade-offs, monitoring asset performance, reducing asset life-cycle costs, and optimizing resource allocations may not be as apparent as the required investments in data collection and integration, process and definition standardization, and management information system acquisition and implementation, etc. A prototype platform that can readily demonstrate the benefits and capabilities of asset management as a decision support tool to the senior management will be highly valuable in building consensus and support for implementing asset management throughout the Department.

Currently, various data reside in multiple databases, while senior management often needs reports or presentations based on a summary of the data (i.e., metadata) to make decisions. Since data are frequently updated to reflect current condition and cost estimates, new report/presentation needs to be generated each time and it can become tedious or inconsistent, if not automated. A web- based platform that contains automatically generated up-to-date reports/presentations based on a set of standard templates and is capable of interactive what-if analysis to support executive level asset management decision-making is warranted.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Managing Transportation Assets: Developing of Enabling Decision Support Tools" is to develop a web-based platform for asset management.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Conduct a best practices assessment of existing asset management practices.

Task 2 - Develop a prototype platform that contains enabling decision support tools and processes.

Task 3 - Perform a gap analysis to identify areas of critical needs for successful implementation.

Task 4 - Provide training to ODOT on prototype platform.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Web-based platform that contains a set of decision support tools that demonstrate the benefits and capabilities of transportation asset management as a decision tool

2) Gap analysis results

3) Quarterly progress reports

4) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

5) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

6) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Rockfall Concrete Barrier Evaluation and Design Criteria

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Anil Patnaik

Status: Active State Job #: 134640 RFP #: 2012-05

Start Date: November 26, 2011 End Date: November 26, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Paul Painter Project Type: Safety

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

As Ohio's roadways age, the stability of the rock cut slopes are becoming less viable resulting in a higher frequency of rockfalls and debris impacting the roadway; thus, creating a hazard to the traveling public. On very active rock slopes, the problem can be continuous. Most active slopes have rockfall occurring predominately in the winter and spring of the year during fluctuation between freeze-thaw cycles and following snow melt and heavy rainfall. A common solution to address these rockfalls is the placement of portable concrete barriers or construction of cast-in-place concrete barriers. The challenge with this solution is that these barriers can be inadequate when larger rockfall blocks occur. These larger rockfall blocks typically occur at least twice a year. Cost to construct 50-inch portable concrete barrier and cast-in-place (CIP) costs range from $62.00 to $144 per lineal foot. It is difficult to determine an average maintenance cost for the current process; however, most ODOT districts handle these costs as a work orders for ditch clean out. As a result, it is impossible to differentiate between routine maintenance and rockfall cleanup in the ODOT management system. To determine the applicability of concrete barrier for rockfall containment typically computer simulation is used to determine the impact loads and bounce heights of the blocks.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Rockfall Concrete Barrier Evaluation and Design Criteria" is to develop a technical guidance document to direct ODOT's engineers and its consultants on the proper sizing and type of barrier required to minimize and control the amount of rockfall debris reaching the pavement.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Literature search

Task 2 - Develop a research plan to address input variables for rockfall models

Task 3 - Determine a testing location for field tests.

Task 4 - Conduct laboratory testing of instrumented portable concrete barrier.

Task 5 - Design field testing program and sequencing of slope/bench configurations.

Task 6 - Perform computer modeling of the testing location.

Task 7 - Conduct roll-out tests to determine the distances of the unrestrained catchment areas.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Task 8 - Erect instrumented test sections of portable and in place barrier and roll boulders into the barriers for comparison with laboratory test data.

Task 9 - Monitor the boulders and the barrier sections to collect impact and bounce data for analysis.

Task 10 - Return the test location to an acceptable condition.

Task 11 - Analyze the field data to develop modified input parameters for the computer simulation.

Task 12 - Develop design charts based on slope characteristics and anticipated block sizes for appropriately sized barrier types and sizes.

Task 13 - Define design modifications to current designs criteria to address large block sizes.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Interim reports for Tasks 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 12.

2) Modifications to existing GB-3 and reference documents including: (a) revised Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program (CRSP) input parameters; (b) design charts based on slope characteristics and anticipated block sizes for appropriately sized barrier types and sizes; and (c) typical details of barrier designs including standard drawings.

3) Test site must be restored to acceptable working condition

4) All required reports

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Bicycle Trip Forecasting Model: Cincinnati Metropolitan Case Study

Research Agency: University of Cincinnati Researcher: Heng Wei

Status: Active State Job #: 134641 RFP #: 2012-10

Start Date: April 01, 2012 End Date: August 01, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rebekah Anderson Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The potential of bicycle and pedestrian travel to provide convenient mobility, reduce congestion, improve environmental quality, and promote public health has received increasing attention since the last decade. For concerns with the emerging issues related to transportation greenhouse gases and energy saving in the recent years, non-motorized transport means has been highly desired to promote alternatives to automobile travel. The need for improving conditions for bicyclists and pedestrians has then become critically important to the relevant planning and policymaking efforts. As a vital analysis tool, bicycle and pedestrian travel forecasting models are anticipated to greatly benefit a variety of uses -- for instance, estimating the benefits of a proposed project, prioritizing projects based on the greatest benefit to existing users or on the greatest payoff in attracting new bicyclists or walkers; planning bicycle or pedestrian paths and networks, identifying and correcting deficiencies in existing networks based on desired travel patterns and facility characteristics; and planning for bicycle and pedestrian safety by developing exposure information for crash/safety models. The modeling effort requires much data, such as travel and facility characteristics as well as user preferences, to advance the state-of-the- practice in this area. However, deficiencies and limitations in existing sources for these data often hamper these efforts.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Bicycle Trip Forecasting Model" is to explore the methodology of developing a bicycle trip forecasting model based on household travel survey data.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Acquiring necessary data and other supplemental data

Task 2 - Extracting bicycle trip and pedestrian data from the GPS-based HTS data

Task 3 - Determining variables influencing bicycling and walking trips and trip forecasting models

Task 4 - Model validation

Task 5 - Summarizing the results and new findings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Bicycling and walking trip data extracted from the Greater Cincinnati GPS-based HTS data.

2) Results of analysis of contributing factors to bicycling and walking travel attitudes (decision making) and purposes.

3) Bicycling and walking trip forecasting models, including model validation results.

4) Recommendations for model applications, as well as enforcement, education and encouragement.

5) Quarterly progress reports

6) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

7) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

8) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Epoke® Bulk Spreader for Winter Maintenance

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Bill Schneider

Status: Active State Job #: 134651 RFP #: 2012-24

Start Date: December 10, 2011 End Date: December 13, 2012 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Brian Olson Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Pre-wet salt spreading is the accepted method of winter maintenance with the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). When the pre-wet salt is applied to the road surface, the brine acts as a pre-activator and lessens the bounce experienced with dry salt and keeps more of the salt in place. Experience has shown that pre-wet salt spreading in comparison to dry application is easier to control, provides better performance, and utilizes less salt. ODOT's current process for producing pre-wet salt is done at the point of application. Salt is dispensed from a hopper, liquid brine is sprayed on the salt at the spinner, and the mixture falls onto the road surface. This process results in the use of approximately 7-10 gallons of brine application per each ton of salt. While this process has been successful, investigating opportunities to improve this process making it more efficient and effective are needed.

The Epoke© Sirius AST Combi S4900 unit has been purchased for evaluation. Unlike ODOT's current method, this Epoke© unit produces a slurry mixture on board, before application occurs, at an estimated rate of 90 gallons of salt brine per each ton of salt. According to the manufacturer, the design of the salt grinder on this Epoke© unit eliminates problems from large pieces of material thus reducing equipment downtime, maintenance, and potential safety claims. An evaluation and analysis of this new equipment is needed in order to assess its actual in-field performance and applicability for utilization in ODOT's winter maintenance process.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Evaluate existing data-reports with the Epoke® unit including PennDOT (Erie County garage) and City of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio

2. Assess in-field performance of the Epoke® unit

3. Perform a cost-benefit analysis of the Epoke® unit, and

4. Propose a deployment strategy for the Epoke® unit consistent with current ODOT practices.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Evaluation of Available Data-Reports with the Epoke® Unit

2. Data Collection

3. Validation of Process using Real-Time Travel Time and Vehicle Speed Data

4. Strategic Midseason (February-Early March) Meeting ODOT to Discuss Preliminary Results

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

5. Modification of Data Collection based on Comments from Task Four

6. Benefit to Cost Analysis Using the Epoke® Equipment

7. Recommendations on Using the Epoke® Unit (i.e. Deployment Strategy)

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Preliminary matrix developed specifically for District 4 to deploy the Epoke® unit for specific weather conditions

2. All equipment purchased under this research proposal

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Incorporating Chemical Stabilization of the Subgrade in Pavement Design and Construction Practices

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Shad Sargand

Status: Active State Job #: 134659 RFP #: 2012-18

Start Date: February 27, 2012 End Date: December 27, 2013 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Chris Merklin Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

It is necessary to develop state-of-the-art methods and tools for assessing bridge performance based on current wireless communication technology and analytical simulations. Therefore, performance based condition assessment and load rating of bridges that will entail advanced wireless communication systems for collecting dynamic structural response of bridges and provide more realistic results are needed. The research product can be used by the state Departments of Transportation (DOTs) as well as the FHWA in condition assessment and load rating of highway bridges.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Develop tools for condition assessment and load rating of a PSBB bridge under vehicular loads by analyzing its dynamic response collected through wirelessly communicating sensor networks.

2. Application software for load rating and condition assessment of PSBB bridges will be developed under this research

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1a: Accelerometer sensor calibrations

Task 1b: Develop embedded software for wireless sensor nodes

Task 1c: Test RF signal strength of wireless sensors

Task 2: Data collection on Old Bridge

Task 3: Data collection on New Bridge

Task 4: Bridge response analysis

Task 5: MAC analysis of frequency and acceleration data

Task 6: Bridge condition assessment and software algorithms

Task 7: Bridge load rating and software algorithms

Task 8: Application software for GUI

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Software for bridge condition assessment and load rating with necessary training

2. Sixteen (16) SunSPOT sensors with eight base stations and ten batteries. One set of eight sensors can be deployed at a time while the other set of eight sensors will be used as the backup in case of malfunctioning or damage in the first set.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Bio-Engineering Techniques for Landslide Stabilization - Supplement

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Daniel Struve

Status: Active State Job #: 134660 RFP #: 2012-09

Start Date: April 04, 2012 End Date: April 04, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Steve Taliaferro Project Type: Geotechnical

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Many land instability problems persist along earthen embankments, stream banks, and cut slopes throughout Ohio’s highway system. Significant funds are expended each year in the remediation of these problems. Bio-engineering methods have been widely used in Europe and Asia for erosion control. If these methods can be used for stabilizing landslides, they can provide substantial savings over conventional repair methods. Application to stabilization of shallow slope failures with depths of 2-3 ft was first studied in the UK around 2002. In 2005, the ODOT Office of Geotechnical Engineering initiated a research project to study the use of bio-engineering to stabilize shallow slope failures. As part of this study, bioengineering (willow poles) were utilized on the 3 research sites. Based on the findings of the study, it was determined that bio-engineering techniques can be used for shallow landslide stabilization, provided that issues involving vegetation survivability could be addressed. It is estimated that that 10 percent of the landslides inventoried in the state could be candidates for a bio-engineering solution.

ODOT currently spends between $40M to $60M per year on the remediation of landslide problems. With regards to potential savings, the researchers on the Phase 1 project (SJN: 134169) stated in their Executive Summary that the cost of bioengineering stabilization is expected to be approximately 25% less than for conventional construction methods for similar scale projects. If performed proactively, it is estimated that the cost reduction could be as much as 80%.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Bio-Engineering Techniques for Landslide Stabilization Supplement " is to supplement the previous study by exploring the issues that impact vegetation survivability including plant species, installation procedures, soil moisture conditions, and necessary maintenance techniques. The previous study showed that bioengineering techniques could be successful provided that the survivability issues could be addressed. At the completion of this project, ODOT should be provided with the following: (1) clarification of which species is most effective including under various scenarios (e.g., slopes that are wet consistently or just seasonally, etc.); (2) installation techniques that are easily repeatable with minimal initial training; and (3) list of the necessary maintenance techniques for evaluated species.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Site Selection

Task 2 - Remediation Design

Task 3 - Construction and Construction Monitoring

Task 4 - Post Construction Monitoring

Task 5 - Final Report

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Training for ODOT staff

2) Quarterly progress reports

3) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

4) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

5) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Polymeric Thermochromic Dye for Improvement of Asphalt Pavement Durability

Research Agency: Case Western Reserve University Researcher: Bill Yu

Status: Active State Job #: 134661 RFP #: 2012-23

Start Date: July 10, 2012 End Date: January 10, 2015 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: David Powers Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The majority of highways in Ohio are surfaced with asphalt. The conventional asphalt has high solar absorbance due to its dark color. Consequently, the surface temperature of asphalt pavement can be considerably higher during summer than pavement with a lighter surface, i.e., concrete pavement. The dark color also means asphalt road radiate thermal energy faster during winter and therefore cools at a fast rate. The influence of thermal loads can be translated into reduced structural strength, increased rutting, accelerated aging of binders and thermal cracks; all compromise pavement performance. Pigments and seals have become available to change the color of an asphalt surface to make it lighter. However, common types of pigments are based on metallic powder or crystal salt, which does not have good compatibility with polymeric binders. ODOT experience indicated that the use of Verglimit, a crystalline phase change materials for thermal energy storage, resulted in failure of pavement. Polymeric dye, which feature excellent compatibility with asphalt binder, has promise to overcome the limitations and significantly increase the durability via its multifunctional roles.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Evaluate the Performance of Multifunctional Polymeric Thermochromic Dye to Increase Durability of Asphalt Pavement" is to evaluate the effectiveness of multifunctional polymeric thermochromic dye to increase the longevity of asphalt pavement via multifunctional roles of both improving its optical properties and microstructure.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Screen and select thermochromic dyes

Task 2 - Measure the optical and mechanical properties of thermochromic dye modified asphalt binder

Task 3 - Evaluate the durability in model scale or field scale testing

Task 4 - Develop a life cycle cost model

Task 5 - Develop guidelines for construction procedures

Task 6 - Generate quarterly and final reports

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Matrix for thermochromic paint selection

2) Recommendation of optimal dye content

3) Testing protocol for evaluating the effectiveness of polymeric thermochromic dyes

4) Procedures to introduce polymeric thermochromic dyes into asphalt mixture

5) Quarterly progress reports

6) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

7) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

8) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Traffic Data for Integrated Project-Level PM2.5 Conformity Analysis

Research Agency: University of Cincinnati Researcher: Heng Wei

Status: Active State Job #: 134662 RFP #: 2012-19

Start Date: April 21, 2012 End Date: April 21, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Nino Brunello Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The U.S. transportation conformity program requires transportation plans, programs, and projects to "confirm to" the goals established in statewide transportation improvement programs and ensure that transportation activities will not cause new air quality violations, worsen existing violations, or de lay timely attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for traffic-generated air pollutants. According to FHWA and ODOT’s guidance on project-level conformity and hot-spot analysis, a PM hotspot analysis is required if a project is located in a PM2.5 nonattainment or maintenance area and the project’s design year average annual daily traffic is greater than 125,000 and comprised of more than 8% diesels. FHWA is requiring all state DOTS to utilize the Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES) to conduct PM2.5 analysis by the end of calendar year 2012.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "On-Road Traffic Operation Data and Criteria for Project-Level PM2.5 Conformity Analysis" is to compare and contrast MOVES with CUBE/VISUM, while leveraging the Traffic Air Environmental Health Impact analysis (TEAHIA - a system developed by the University of Cincinnati), to provide ODOT with recommendations on how to perform regional and project level PM2.5 conformity analysis.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Investigate nonattainment/maintenance areas for selection of case study sites

Task 2 - Investigate ODOT traffic data sources and collection techniques

Task 3 - Collect data at case study corridor sties

Task 4 - Evaluate regional level data with MOVES and travel demand analysis models

Task 5 - Conduct project level PM2.5 conformity analysis with MOVES/VISSIM

Task 6 - Evaluate regional and project level input variables and relationship

Task 7 - Compare dispersion models with TAEHIA

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Demonstrations of TAEHIA model

2) Methodology, evaluation results and relevant recommendations

3) Quarterly progress reports

4) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

5) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

6) Participation in required meeting

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: PCR Evaluation

Research Agency: Applied Research Associates, Inc Researcher: William Vavrik

Status: Active State Job #: 134668 RFP #: 2012-26

Start Date: April 13, 2012 End Date: July 13, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Aric Morse Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Pavement management requires quality data to make quality decisions. Network-level data collection requires collecting large volumes of pavement condition rating data and ensuring quality and consistency in the collected data. The Pavement Condition Ratings (PCR) are used as the primary performance measure in the pavement management decision support system. The proposed research project will investigate advances in technology to improve the speed, accuracy, and safety of data collection. The study will identify and evaluate automated pavement surface distress data collection equipment and recommend equipment, procedures, or services required to implement an improved PCR data collection process.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this study is to investigate the current technology for automated and semi-automated collection and processing of PCR data to determine if the methods are suitable replacements for the current method. The goal of this study is to evaluate the current business process for PCR data collection and, with a deeper understanding of modern technology, to recommend a new process for PCR data collection that meets the needs of the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT).

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Preliminary review of the PCR data that ODOT collected and processed in 2011, to determine the number and location of sites for the technology demonstrations.

Task 2 - Review the many candidate technologies for data collection and analysis and determine their suitability for PCR data collection.

Task 3 - Prepare terms of reference for the technology demonstrations.

Task 4 - Vendor demonstration

Task 5 - Data collection and analysis

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

The recommendations from this study have the potential to change the methods for ODOT PCR data collection. These changes could improve the efficiency and effectiveness of PCR data collection by leveraging current and emerging technologies. This study will evaluate the current technologies and determine the value proposition of each. If greater value is afforded by a change in the PCR data collection methods, the results from this study will provide ODOT a path to implementation of the new technology.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Support Inspection Program

Research Agency: Mistras Group Researcher: Richard Gostautas

Status: Active State Job #: 134677 RFP #: 2012-28

Start Date: August 23, 2012 End Date: December 23, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jim Roth Project Type: Traffic

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT currently inspects their overhead sign supports every five years, typically using a ground based visual inspection method. Recent sign structure failures both in Ohio and nationally raise the question if the current inspection program is adequate both in terms of frequency and methodology. There is no formal support inspection program for either signal supports (strain pole & mast arm) or tower lighting. Overall, there is a concern about the age of some existing supports. Previous designs were based on a 20 year useful life; many of these supports are now 40+ years old and still in service.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to provide ODOT with a viable inspection program and methodology that is prudently balanced between cost/difficulty to perform and risk/exposure/safety.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. The researcher will determine an appropriate representative sample size necessary for establishing a base line condition of ODOT’s existing supports (signal, signing, light tower), as well as selecting specific sites.

2. The researcher will perform necessary inspections of the representative sample using various inspection techniques (visual, sounding, dye penetration, x-ray, ultra-sonic, etc.) as necessary to determine structure condition. Establish a base line condition of ODOT’s existing supports (signal, signing, light tower).

3. The researcher shall provide ODOT with specific inspection program recommendations that specify frequency and methodology. The program may be stratified based upon support type, location, age, support existing condition or other relevant factors.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Methodology for determining the appropriate sample size and sites, for (1.) above;

2. Inspection reports and summarized findings for inspections, and for (2.) above;

3. Recommendations for a support inspection program (frequency and methodology) for (3.) above.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Structures Research Services

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Eric Steinberg

Status: Active State Job #: 134690 RFP #: 2013-05

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: July 13, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Tim Keller Project Type:

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is a large state agency charged with management and maintenance a vast transportation system in Ohio. ODOT strives to execute its charge in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Frequently, ODOT encounters situations where low cost, short term research services are needed to meet immediate needs for system management and maintenance improvements. Some of the short term research needs may go unmet due to the immediacy of the need and the perceived long delay in navigating ODOT’s research process.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Structures Research Services" is to establish an on-call contract with a research team possessing strong expertize in the field of structural engineering to conduct low cost, short term research in advance of identifying specific research needs.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Specific research tasks will be determined as needs arise. Potential research topics may include, but are not limited, to the following:

1) Assist with forensic investigations when concerns are raised about a bridge

2) Investigate physical properties and structural behavior on unique and special bridges to model and determine forces, capacities, failure, modes, etc.

3) Investigate the loadings within critical gusset plates using a photo-elastic material to better understand how the loads transfer through the gusset plate

4) Determine MSE wall long term stability and maintenance recommendations

5) Investigate concrete slab full depth cracking in continuous structures - causes and recommendations to alleviate cracking

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

Typical deliverables will include all data from the project, a periodic progress report, and a technical summary with supporting documents. Other deliverables may be required, depending on the nature of the requested work as it is assigned.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Identifying Culvert Design Parameters that Correlate with Fish Passage Success

Research Agency: Youngstown State University Researcher: Hans Tritico

Status: Active State Job #: 134691 RFP #: 2013-27

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: November 13, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Matthew Perlik Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT maintains approximately 90,000 culverts across Ohio. For every bridge, there are 6 culverts. This proposal seeks to understand the percentage of existing culverts that allow for fish passage. Further, we wish to use data from the existing culverts that do pass fish to identify design variables that strongly correlate with fish passage success in Ohio.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The overarching objective of this proposal is to understand the extent to which existing culverts in the ODOT system allow fish passage and to use the identified successful culverts to determine ranges of design variables that are important to passage success.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Analysis and categorization of culverts (complete passage/partial passage/no passage)

2. Identify design parameters that are strongly correlated with passage success.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Ohio Passage Analysis Tool (OhPAT): This tool will provide step-by-step instructions on how to predict passage success in Ohio culverts and is a standard method rather than software code

2. An answer to the question: How many existing ODOT culverts already pass fish?

3. A range of design parameter values that are strongly correlated with fish passage success in Ohio

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Impact of Lakeside Subsidence on Benchmark Reliability

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Dorota Brzezinska

Status: Active State Job #: 134692 RFP #: 2013-28

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: November 13, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Dave Beiter Project Type: Aerial

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Lake Erie shoreline contains vast salt deposits approximately two thousand feet below the surface, which are extensively mined. The salt itself has an elastic nature and, overtime, will flow to fill in the voids left by mining. Consequently, the terrain around and above the salt mine is no longer supported and subsides as the salt flows. Since this process is slow, typically under a millimeter per year, it is not readily apparent that subsidence is occurring. However, this rate is sufficient to be disastrous to vertical control points over a prolonged period of time. When subsidence has been confirmed at a tide gauge or geodetic benchmark in the immediate vicinity of a salt mining field, it raises doubts as to the stability and vertical accuracy of other nearby points. Further complicating matters, the map coverage detailing existing (operating and abandoned) mines is believed to be incomplete. This potentially means that subsidence is occurring undetected in some regions and every project/operation referencing these heights is in error.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Study documentation of mining activity and subsidence along the Lake Erie shoreline and obtain maps, as well as coordinates defining all documented mines.

2. Review and access NGS and ODOT documentation of geodetic benchmarks in this area.

3. Design several case studies based on the selected project, to test the dependency of the resulting accuracy on these parameters

4. Conduct feasibility study to verify guidelines for recommended data collection duration, configuration, type, and processing approaches to achieve 2-5 cm accuracy of height estimation

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Study the existing documentation of any subsidence along the Lake Erie shoreline and obtain maps, as well as coordinates defining all documented mines. This task will be carried out in collaboration with OAE, where some of the relevant documentation is available.

Task 2: Collect and review any NGS and ODOT documentation of geodetic benchmarks in this area and, generally, along the Lake Erie Shoreline, as well as along the Great Lakes Shoreline.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Task 3: Design several case studies that will be aimed at finding the impact of the following factor on the resulting height and horizontal coordinates accuracy: 1) different number of reference points used in the adjustment, 2) varying number and baseline length, 3) different data spans and sampling rates, 4) different tropospheric modeling approach, 5) single vs. dual frequency data used

Task 4: Perform the analyses designed in Task 3 using two different approaches: OPUS Project and PAGES/ADJUST

Task 5: Re-process all of 1997 IGLD project data using OPUS-Project and compare the results from projects 2005 and 2010 that will be completed within the OSU-NGS OPREP project.

Task 6: If time permits, contribute to the feasibility study

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Report assessing the current positional accuracy and stability of the first order benchmarks, CORS stations, and HARN points along the Lake Erie Shoreline and along other Great Lakes Shorelines, that is all stations occupied during the selected IGLD Height Modernization project.

2. Statistical analysis of subsidence areas surrounding mine fields of different sizes and number of wells, if data are available in these areas.

3. Statistical analysis of the re-adjustment results, and comparison between the processing methods (OPUS-Project vs PAGES/ADJUST).

4. Report on the case study of selected CORS stations in Ohio to verify and possibly interpret their seasonal height variation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Rock Mass Classification System: Transition from RMR to GSI

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Teruhisa Masada

Status: Active State Job #: 134693 RFP #: 2013-30

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: November 13, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jawdat Siddiqi Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The AASHTO LRFD Bridge Specifications is expected to transition from RMR (rock mass rating) to GSI (Geological Strength Index) in the near future. With an anticipation of this transition, there is a need for ODOT to support a student study focused on RMR and GSI so that any doubts and confusions related to the major change in the rock mass classification system will be dispelled and geotechnical and bridge engineers in Ohio will be well educated about the differences and correlations between RMR and GSI. The main question related to GSI is concerned with the applicability of its parameter values to Ohio rock masses. The proposed student study will provide an ideal vehicle to conduct such a study relatively quickly and inexpensively.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. To conduct an extensive literature review to gather information on the geology of Ohio rock, the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system, the Geological Strength Index (GSI) classification, and the AASHTO LRFD highway bridge foundation design specifications.

2. To evaluate the values of the parameters included in the Geological Strength Index (GSI) classification using the rock sample strength data reported in Ohio; and

3. To develop the correlation between RMR and GSI systems and present it through a set of easy-to-understand charts and tables.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Literature Review

2. Analysis of the strength properties of Ohio rock specimens

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

A concise summary of the information on the GSI classification system and its correlation to the RMR system based on the literature review and data compiled on rock samples taken in Ohio.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Role of Sulfates on Highway Heaving in Lake County, Ohio

Research Agency: Bowling Green State University Researcher: John Farver

Status: Active State Job #: 134694 RFP #: 2013-26

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: July 13, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jeff Wigdahl Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Significant highway heaving problems have been reported recently in Lake County, Northeast Ohio. The heaving is believed to be due to swelling of sulfate-bearing soils. Many subgrade soils treated with calcium-based stabilizers such as lime, Portland cement, or type C fly ash experience deleterious heaving problems due to chemical reactions involving sulfate and/or sulfide minerals. Specifically, the formation of ettringite [Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 ‘ 26H2O] with its associated 250% volume expansion has been identified as the cause of highway heaving in other locales. These mineral reactions may occur rapidly over hours to days or slowly over months to years.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The goal of this project is to provide sound scientific data regarding the presence and amount of sulfate minerals in the affected soils, and the distribution of sulfates in the soils in order to assist ODOT in determining the most cost effective highway construction method in the area of interest.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Phase 1: Developing sampling plan

Phase 2: Sampling and characterizing the soils

Phase 3: Synthesizing the results and developing the report

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

An evaluation of the role of sulfates in highway heaving in Lake County, Ohio along with recommendations for future highway construction practices for the area of interest developed in coordination with ODOT personnel.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Bridge Condition Assessment and Load Rating Using Dynamic Response

Research Agency: Youngstown State University Researcher: Anwarul Islam

Status: Active State Job #: 134695 RFP #: 2013-25

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: July 13, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: John Picuri Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Develop tools for condition assessment and load rating of a PSBB bridge under vehicular loads by analyzing its dynamic response collected through wirelessly communicating sensor networks.

2. Application software for load rating and condition assessment of PSBB bridges will be developed under this research

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1a: Accelerometer sensor calibrations

Task 1b: Develop embedded software for wireless sensor nodes

Task 1c: Test RF signal strength of wireless sensors

Task 2: Data collection on Old Bridge

Task 3: Data collection on New Bridge

Task 4: Bridge response analysis

Task 5: MAC analysis of frequency and acceleration data

Task 6: Bridge condition assessment and software algorithms

Task 7: Bridge load rating and software algorithms

Task 8: Application software for GUI

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Software for bridge condition assessment and load rating with necessary training

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Mining Vehicle Classifications from the Columbus Metropolitan Freeway Management System

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Benjamin A. Coifman

Status: Active State Job #: 134696 RFP #: 2013-24

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: November 13, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Lindsey Pflum Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

This study seeks to leverage the deployed detectors in the Columbus Metropolitan Freeway Management System to collect and analyze classification data from critical freeways where the Traffic Monitoring Section has not been able to collect much classification data in the past due to site limitations.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Extract classification data for the previous ten years from archived per vehicle record data.

2. Develop an on-going process collect these data into the future.

3. Maintain the data source for research, now that the CMFMS has become surplus for its original application of real time traffic monitoring.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Establish the sampling criteria

Task 2: Assess the data in the existing CMFMS database

Task 3: Develop tools to handle the data when two or more stations exist within a link

Task 4: Establish the reporting format

Task 5: Data extraction from the CMFMS archives

Task 6: Assess and update the CMFMS server

Task 7: On-going data collection and extraction

Task 8: Provide continued operation as some stations fail or otherwise become inoperable

Task 9: Evaluate the performance of the on-going monitoring system

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Vehicle classification data from the historical database spanning the duration of CMFMS data availability over the operational stations.

2. Vehicle classification data from the on-going data collection over the operational stations, i.e., OSU would use the automated tools to extract the vehicle classifications and provide these to ODOT in the formats developed in Task 4. OSU would use the existing communication channels established under the CMFMS to continue collecting the data, though with the retirement of the dedicate Columbus TMC, it is likely the server location will change (as per Task 6).

3. Evaluation of the process, both historical and on-going

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Comparison and Testing of Various Noise Wall Materials

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Deborah McAvoy

Status: Active State Job #: 134697 RFP #: 2013-16

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: July 13, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Noel Alcala Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT is required to consider noise abatement for projects funded through FHWA and ODOT has developed a noise abatement policy. Over time, advancements in science and technology produce alternatives for noise abatement which may not be adequately addressed in ODOT’s policy. In order to ensure that the most effective methods, in terms of performance and cost, are being utilized, it is necessary for ODOT to periodically review certain aspects of the policy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to determine efficient, effective, and viable alternatives for use in ODOT’s noise abatement policy.

RESEARCH TASKS:

A comprehensive research plan should be developed to address the following three areas:

1) Perform noise measurements on hollow fiberglass walls, rubber-filled fiberglass walls, concrete walls, steel walls, and clear walls. For each material, identify pros/cons, noise reduction, loading/transporting/erection costs, material costs, STC rating, and so forth. Relative to fiberglass noise walls, hollow walls are cheaper; however, according to the STC, crum rubber-filled walls appear to perform better in regards to noise reduction. Likewise, clear walls indicate a potential for better for noise reduction. The analysis should be comprehensive indicating a correlation (or lack thereof) between the Sound Transmission Class (STC) of the noise wall material and the noise reduction the specific noise wall material provides in the field. Provide recommendations on the appropriate integration of these materials into ODOT’s noise abatement policy.

2) Perform noise measurements on sound absorptive concrete walls vs reflective concrete walls to determine if there is a discernable difference at the receptor and noise sensitive areas opposite the freeway. Statistically validate the findings. Research the durability of this material on existing noise walls. Provide recommendations on the most appropriate use of sound absorptive materials that will ensure ODOT a return on investment from the initial higher construction costs of these types of walls.

3) Construct and field test the Acoustic Fence Fabric system (information available online at: http://www.privacyfencesolutions.com/noise-reducing-outdoor-screen), or similar system, to determine how well this low cost system reduces noise and how it holds up relative to maintenance. ODOT anticipates at least 2-4 field locations for testing. The researcher will be expected to coordinate field site locations with ODOT prior to installation. Determine actual noise reduction level. Prepare a benefit/cost analysis. Provide recommendations on the most appropriate use.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Recommendations on the usage of various noise wall materials including a cost/benefit analysis, environmental implications, and discussions on maintenance and potential issues.

2) Quarterly progress reports (provided electronically).

3) One original and five copies of the draft final report and draft executive summary shall be submitted 120 days prior to the contract completion date.

4) Five copies of an approved final report, five color copies of an approved executive summary, and a PDF and MS DOC version of both documents shall be submitted by the contract completion date.

5) An article for the Research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

6) Participation in the following meetings: project start-up, research review session (1 per year), and research results presentation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Height Modernization Program and Subsidence Study in Northern Ohio

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Dorota Brzezinska

Status: Active State Job #: 134698 RFP #: 2013-22

Start Date: July 13, 2012 End Date: November 13, 2013 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rachel Lewis Project Type: Aerial

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The goal of Height Modernization Program (HMP) is to assure access to accurate and reliable heights that follow consistent standards across the nation, using data and tools that yield consistent results regardless of terrain and circumstances, and are maintainable. Salt mining activity near Lake Erie appears to be related to subsidence of the land, including the geodetic benchmarks and water level gauge, with the Fairport Harbor gauge known to be subsiding, which introduces height reference bias. The entire Great Lakes region is tilting due to GIA at a rate of about 60 cm per century. The absolute rate of change at a given location must be considered along with the relative rate of change across the region. Consequently, there is a scientific and logistical need to separate the effects of GIA from changing water levels and local effects including subsidence due to mining.

STUDY OBJECTIVES/REEARCH TASKS:

1. Develop a plan for geodetic leveling from Toledo,OH to Erie, PA, for re-running the existing first order level line and perform GPS checks of suitable existing benchmarks,

2. Verify benchmark stability within the limits of GPS accuracy, and to identify areas of subsidence,

3. Reprocess and re-adjust the three International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 (IGLD) Height Modernization projects (1997, 2005, and 2010) using consistent reference frame and GPS orbits and absolute antenna models

4. Use the results of objective (3) to help update and combine NGS-58 and NGS-59, and provide guidelines on best practices in height data processing and adjustment procedures.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Complete report on benchmark availability along the existing leveling line; fieldwork plan developed in collaboration with NGS and OAE.

2. Overall work flow model (flow chart) to describe and indicate the sequence of data acquisition, processing and analysis.

3. Complete report on state of the benchmarks, their localization, and the required field procedures.

4. Complete report on derived GPS accuracy, procedures used, and the result comparison between different algorithmic approaches used to reprocess three IGLD Height Modernization projects.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

5. Report on the achieved accuracy of the velocity estimates of the benchmarks.

6. System documentation to specify the software requirements to deliver the height accuracy that will be achieved by this project.

7. Comparison of the results obtained by different data processing techniques with the results obtained by Canadians using the same field data.

8. Report on suggested revisions to field procedures and approaches to GPS data processing to achieve 2-5 cm accuracy of ellipsoidal and orthometric heights.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Effectiveness of Asphalt Penetrating Sealers in Extending New Asphalt Pavement Life

Research Agency: Applied Research Associates, Inc Researcher: Harold Von Quintus

Status: Active State Job #: 134702 RFP #: 2013-18

Start Date: August 23, 2012 End Date: December 23, 2016 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Matt Parrill Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Over the last 30 years, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has investigated the benefits of using various asphalt rejuvenators. To date, results have been mixed. ODOT would like to test several of these products in a controlled research study to measure their effectiveness in extending the life of new asphalt pavement.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to evaluate three products currently used by ODOT, Replay, supplied by Ohio Pavement Systems Inc., Reclamite, supplied by Pavement Technology Inc., and Bio-Re-Stor, supplied by Asphalt Systems Inc.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Measure in place asphalt permeability both before and after treatment and after 4 years in service for all treated and control sections. Use the air-induced field permeameter, developed by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, for this testing. For additional information on this research visit: http://www.ktc.uky.edu/Reports/KTC_01_19_SPR216_00_1F.pdf. The number of tests and test location for this testing will be determined by the researcher.

2. Perform detailed pavement condition surveys for all treated and control sections initially and annually for 4 years. Use the methods defined by the Long Term Pavement Performance Distress Manual (FHWA-RD-03-031, June 2003). The 500 foot sections used as a part of this distress survey will remain constant throughout the evaluation period.

3. Perform sand patch testing according to ASTM E 965-96 (Reapproved 2006) for all treated and control sections. Complete the testing initially and annually for 4 years. The number of tests and locations for this testing will be determined by the researcher. The location of the testing will remain constant thought out the evaluation period.

4. The Department also wishes to collect skid testing data on the treated and untreated sections. It is known that asphalt rejuvenating products such as these will reduce the initial skid resistance of the pavement. The Department will collect both smooth tire and ribbed tire skid data on all the treated and untreated sections. The timing of this testing will occur before treatment, after treatment, at 7 days, and finally after 30 days. It will be the researcher’s responsibility to coordinate with our skid testers to schedule this testing and to summarize the results.

5. The researcher should plan on pulling and testing at least three, 4 inch or larger cores from each test section to show that the pavement was relatively uniform in density between test sections. Maximum Specific Gravity values for this purpose can be taken from each days TE-199 quality control report available through the construction project. Testing must be performed by an approved and experienced technician.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Recommendations on the cost effectiveness of the asphalt rejuvenating products tested. If the results are inconclusive, and more data is need, the researcher will provide the Department with a detailed plan for collection, evaluation, and analysis of the needed data.

2. Quarterly progress reports (provided electronically).

3. One original and five copies of the draft final report and draft executive summary shall be submitted 120 days prior to the contract completion date.

4. Five copies of an approved final report, five color copies of an approved executive summary, and a PDF and MS DOC version of both documents shall be submitted by the contract completion date.

5. An article for the Research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

6. Participation in the following meetings: project start-up, research review session (1 per year), and research results presentation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Assessment and Treatment of Sulfate-Bearing Soils in Ohio

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Teresa Cutright

Status: Active State Job #: 134703 RFP #: 2013-04

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: April 16, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jeff Wigdahl Project Type: Construction

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

At the moment, it is not known if high-sulfate soils are confined to areas along the Lake Erie shoreline in Northeast Ohio or if they are present in other areas of the state. Hence, it is important to determine if other areas in Ohio have high-sulfate soils and understand why these areas have elevated levels of sulfate. Identifying the locations where high sulfate levels might be encountered and knowing the factors that might affect soil sulfate origin and formation would enable ODOT to quickly assess the presence of high sulfate levels in soil and would ensure that soil stabilization plans will be appropriate for roadway construction. The outcome of this study may lead to 1) improving safety by reducing pavement damage and providing a drivable pavement surface, and 2) reducing long-term costs by improving soil stabilization and reducing the need for repairs to pavement caused by soil heave.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The primary objective of this research project is to study the origin and formation of sulfate in Ohio soils in order to assist ODOT in selecting appropriate soil stabilization strategies for roadway construction. The specific objectives of this study include: 1) Identifying the locations in Ohio where ODOT might encounter sulfate-bearing soils, and 2) Determining why there are significant amounts of sulfate in soil at these locations.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Conduct a Thorough Literature Review

Task 2: Compile Available Soil Sulfate Data into a Centralized Database

Task 3: Collect and Test Soil Samples

Task 4: Analyze Test Data

Task 5: Identify Changes to Current ODOT Specifications and Practices

Task 6: Prepare Final Report and Present Findings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Provide a concise report of the literature reviewed.

2. A database of soluble-sulfate soil concentrations in Ohio.

3. A discussion of the factors that might affect soluble sulfate levels in soil in Ohio.

4. Recommendations to revise current ODOT specifications and practices.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of the Viking-Cives TowPlow for Winter Maintenance

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Bill Schneider

Status: Active State Job #: 134704 RFP #: 2013-12

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: December 16, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Brian Olson Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

During the 2010-2011 winter maintenance season, ODOT District 4 had the opportunity to evaluate the Viking-Cives TowPLow in Ashtabula County. The TowPLow, a trailer equipped with a snow plow and towed behind a tandem axle truck fitted with a front plow, functions as an accessory to the standard front mounted plow similar in concept to a side mounted wing plow. However, the TowPLow offers increased range of motion, more versatility, and better operator control when compared to the standard wing plow. While in operation, the trailer swings to the right of the tow vehicle enabling the operator to plow and treat a second lane in addition to the lane plowed and treated by the tow vehicle.

Incorporating the TowPLow in their operations, District 4 established substantial evidence supporting more effective and efficient snow and ice removal while providing a higher level of service and safer pavement conditions for the travelling public. However, along with these benefits came significant added costs beyond the purchase of the TowPLow. To adequately pull the TowPLow and utilize the plow to its full potential, the tow vehicle required additional horsepower than ODOT’s standard build truck. As a result, the purchase of a TowPLow also requires the purchase of a truck capable of towing the TowPLow. Due to the large investment associated with utilizing the TowPLow, further evaluation and analysis is needed.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Evaluation of the Viking-Cives TowPlow for Winter Maintenance" is to conduct an analysis of the Viking-Cives TowPLow in comparison to ODOT’s normal procedures for snow and ice removal to determine its cost effectiveness and provide recommendations for incorporation into ODOT’s winter maintenance program.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1) Conduct a literature search and survey of users of similar units to summarize experiences and concerns.

Task 2) Perform data analysis and evaluation on the cost effectiveness of utilizing the TowPLow to plow and treat two travel lanes concurrently compared to ODOT’s present snow and ice removal process of plowing and treating one travel lane per plow truck.

Task 3) Complete a cost/benefit analysis taking into consideration factors such as equipment purchase costs, service and maintenance costs, modifications to existing equipment (if necessary), operational benefits, environmental benefits, material usage, level of service, implications on labor time, and so forth.

Task 4) Provide recommendations on usage of the TowPLow. If appropriate, include a deployment strategy indicating the most advantageous scenarios for this equipment to be utilized.

Task 5) Provide an extensive interim report after the first winter maintenance season to see if it is necessary to collect data for the second season.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) TowPLow and truck capable of operating the TowPLow

2) Recommendations on the usage of the TowPLow including cost effectiveness and cost/benefit analysis, equipment requirements, and discussions on maintenance and potential issues.

3) A deployment strategy (as appropriate).

4) Quarterly progress reports.

5) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

6) An article for the Research newsletter (upon request).

7) Participation in the required meetings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Development of an Automated System for QC/QA of Asphalt and Aggregate Materials

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Ala R. Abbas

Status: Active State Job #: 134705 RFP #: 2013-13

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: February 16, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: David Powers Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

As ODOT moves towards becoming a leaner more efficient agency, research into the development of an automated process that enables Asphalt and Aggregate Contractors to directly input information into a system that conducts preliminary analysis for established quality controls measures is needed in order to fully streamline ODOT’s management of highway materials.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to design and develop automated process improvements for ensuring QC/QA of asphalt and aggregate materials utilized by ODOT Contractors on highway projects. Research activities should focus on providing a comprehensive process that, at a minimum, incorporates the following: (1) submission by contractors; (2) internal data integrity reviews for compliance with ODOT standards, specifications, and requirements; (3) audit and analysis of data by various ODOT personnel; (4) mechanisms for corrections and additional supplemental documentation provided by contractors upon request; (5) final approval by ODOT; and (6) transferability of data to ODOT’s construction management system for record retention and reporting by ODOT.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Phase 1 Development of Automated Process

Task A - Review and analyze ODOT’s current QC/QA process for Asphalt and Aggregate Contractors. Conduct a literature search resulting in a best practices synthesis of existing automated systems utilized by other state DOT. Analyze the results to determine if any existing systems (or portions thereof) could be utilized by ODOT.

Task B - Conduct focus group analysis with ODOT staff, Asphalt Contractor Association, Ohio Aggregate and Industrial Minerals Association, and selected asphalt and aggregate contractors.

Task C - Design an automated process. Discuss the results from the best practices synthesis with ODOT to determine the incorporation of findings as applicable and appropriate. Submit interim report for review.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Phase 2 Automated Process Pilot Build and Evaluation (upon approval from ODOT’s Research Section)

Task A - Develop the system in accordance with the approved interim report. Conduct multiple user testing throughout the development process. Adjust the system based on testing as necessary to ensure proper functionality. Develop and maintain documentation on the system in accordance with ODOT’s IT requirements.

Task B - Develop an on-line, interactive training module or manual into the system.

Task C - Develop a user’s manual and programmer’s guide for ODOT staff.

Task D - Conduct training for all system users focused on their specific utilization of the system.

Task E - Participate in the release of the system as instructed by ODOT.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Quarterly progress reports (provided electronically).

2) Interim report as detailed in Phase 1, Task C .

3) All required reports and an article for the Research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

4) Participation in rqeuired meetings.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Renewable Energy Alternatives for Highway Maintenance Facilities

Research Agency: University of Cincinnati Researcher: Hazem Elzarka

Status: Active State Job #: 134706 RFP #: 2013-14

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: December 16, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Matthew Perlik Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

With rising energy costs, the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is looking to reduce cost associated with lighting, heating, cooling, and operating highway maintenance facilities. State governments are now mandating the implementation of renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar power, solar-thermal, and ground-source heating and cooling to help cut energy costs. To meet these directive goals, ODOT is actively evaluating renewable energy sources for their applicability to highway maintenance facilities. The applicability metrics for the use of these alternatives may include emissions reduction, reliability, practicality, maintenance, and cost effectiveness. These alternatives to conventional energy sources may be effective alone or in combination with each other and may even produce more net energy than that required to operate a facility. Research is needed to develop recommended best practices for the use of renewable energy sources at ODOT highway maintenance facilities. These best practices may also be applicable to other facilities operated by ODOT, such as office buildings, field offices, and highway rest areas.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to develop best practices for installing cost effective energy capture technologies at new and existing ODOT highway maintenance facilities. The best practices shall be presented in the form of a matrix that provides both regional- and facility function-specific information and also is suitable for possible adoption by ODOT. The matrix shall include renewable energy case studies of the planning, design, and operation of new and retrofitted highway maintenance facilities in different geographical and climatic regions of Ohio; the facilities shall represent different sizes, functions, ages, and energy usage. In this research, the term "highway maintenance facility" is defined as a building used to garage, repair and maintain, or both, vehicles and equipment, with associated storage, shop, office, and other occupied spaces. The term "energy capture technology" refers to the use of both active, renewable (such as wind, solar, and ground-source) energy sources and passive (such as solar-thermal) building and site modifications.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Identify all available technologies and procedures that could be used to solve this problem.

2) Examine the advantages, disadvantages and potential applications for highway maintenance facilities.

3) Provide an interim report detailing the findings from Items 1 and 2. Include recommendations on the most viable solution(s) inclusive of a cost/benefit analysis for the recommendations. Recommended solutions could be to do any one, or a combination, of the following:

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

(a) implement an existing technology,

(b) modify an existing technology, or

4) Cost/benefit analysis of recommendations must be inclusive of costs for implementation, maintenance, and an estimated return on investment (ROI) taking into consideration potential time lapse for ROI to be realized.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) A cost effective way to implement and use renewable energy for new or existing highway maintenance facilities, including and rest area.

2) Quarterly progress reports

3) One (1) original and five (5) copies of an interim report submitted no later than 120 days prior to the project completion date

4) Five (5) copies of an approved final report, five (5) color copies of an approved one to four page dated executive summary submitted by the contract completion date

5) Two electronic versions of the approved final report and approved executive summary in the following formats: (1) Adobe Acrobat (.pdf), and (2) Microsoft Word (.doc)

6) An article for the Research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

7) Participation in the following meetings: project start-up, research review session (1 per year), and research results presentation

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Influence of Warm Mix Asphalt on Aging of Asphalt Binders

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Ala R. Abbas

Status: Active State Job #: 134707 RFP #: 2013-21

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: December 16, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: David Powers Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The wide implementation of foamed warm mix asphalt technology requires further investigation of its effects on the performance of this material. One of the issues that has not been thoroughly studied and might affect the performance and durability of foamed WMA is binder oxidation (or aging). In general, all studies indicated that foamed WMA reduces the initial aging of the binder compared to traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA); however, the magnitude of this reduction depends on several factors including the binder and mixture type as well as mixing temperature. Results of recent studies also suggested that although WMA reduces the oxidation of asphalt binder during production and construction, the difference in aging between WMA and HMA does not appear to be maintained especially for surface course mixes. These results necessitate investigating the aging characteristics of asphalt binders produced using the WMA technology and determine their potential effects on permanent deformation as well as low-temperature and fatigue cracking.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Understand the aging mechanism in foamed WMA.

2. Evaluate the differences in short and long-term aging between foamed WMA and HMA and identify the causes of these differences.

3. Study field aging of foamed WMA in surface, intermediate and base courses.

4. Examine the rheological, chemical, and morphological properties of foamed WMA and HMA binders at different stages of aging.

RESEARCH TASKS:

The proposed research study will be conducted according to the following tasks:

Task 1. Literature Review

Task 2. Material Selection and Design of Experimental Test Matrix

Task 3. Laboratory Simulation of Short and Long-Term Aging of Asphalt Binders 3

Task 4. Preparation of WMA and HMA Mixtures for Evaluation of Laboratory and Field Aging

Task 5. Asphalt Binder Extraction and Recovery

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Task 6. Rheological Behavior

Task 7. Chemical Properties and Morphology

Task 8. Analyze Test Data

Task 9. Prepare Final Report and Present Findings

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

The anticipated research results and deliverables of this study include:

1. A synthesis of pertinent literature.

2. Recommendations for modifications to existing specifications based on the effect of foamed WMA on aging.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Cracking Behavior of Structural Slab Bridge Decks

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Anil Patnaik

Status: Active State Job #: 134708 RFP #: 2013-23

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: August 16, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Perry Ricciardi Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The problem of cracking behavior, the extent of cracking developed in bridge decks, and the documentation of the crack densities along with pattern of cracking for typical bridges in Ohio were partially addressed in an ongoing ODOT research student study project (Patnaik, et al., 2012). Twelve bridge decks were physically surveyed to trace cracks on the deck top surface and to determine the crack densities. Two type of bridge decks were included in the study (1) structural slabs and (2) stringer supported deck slabs. These bridge decks represent several mixture designs including QC/QA and high performance mixes.

It was found in the referred study that there are two distinct types of cracks in the selected bridge decks. One type was what can be classified as shrinkage cracks observed in both structural slabs and stringer supported decks. The other type of cracks was predominantly found in structural slabs. Severe cracks were found typically adjacent and parallel to the interior supports (piers) of three span structural slab bridges (non-shrinkage cracks). The frequencies, magnitudes, and widths of these cracks, however, were alarming to the Department and merit further investigation in a systematic manner.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. To determine if severe cracking in structural slab bridges is a State-wide problem that is prevalent in all the Districts of ODOT. If so, determine the severity of the problem

2. To determine the sources and consequences of the cracking problem for structural slab bridges

3. To develop minimization and mitigation strategies for structural slab bridges to be built in future with an intention to develop the basis for the modification of specifications

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Literature Search

Task 2: Survey and Inventory of Structural Slab Bridges in the State

Task 3: Identify Factors Influencing Potential Cracking Performance of Structural Slab Bridges

Task 4: Field Inspection and Measurement of Crack Widths and Depths

Task 5: Detailed Analysis of the Selected Bridges

Task 6: Correlation of Field Measurements with Theoretical Predictions

Task 7: Develop Crack Minimization and Mitigation Strategy for New Bridges

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Required insight into cracking of structural slab bridges will be delivered.

2. A prevention and mitigation strategy will also be developed for new structural slab bridges

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Performance Based Design of Laterally Loaded Drilled Shafts

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Robert Liang

Status: Active State Job #: 134709 RFP #: 2013-31

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: December 16, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Alexander Dettloff Project Type: Geotechnical

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Deep foundation systems often constitute an important part of a total bridge cost; therefore, the first order and second moment based LRFD in the current AASHTO Bridge Guidelines need to be sound and accurate in order to fulfill the original goals set by the Committee T-15 of AASHTO. Unfortunately, the first order second moment based LRFD approach as promulgated by AASHTO is problematic in its basis and implementation.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

This study is aimed at the development of fundamental theories and PC based computational tools for using Monte Carlo Simulation as a basis of a true reliability based design of deep Foundation system. The current phase of the study will focus on the deep foundations subjected to lateral loads. Essentially, the purpose of Monte Carlo Simulation is to accurately evaluate probability of failure given the specified failure criteria (limit states).

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Literature Review

2. Development of Computational Tools Using Sampling-Based Method

3. Development of Computer Codes

4. Validation of Computer Codes

5. Demonstration of Computer Program

6. Development of Future Research Needs

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

A research version of PC based computer program incorporating the developed algorithms will be delivered to ODOT for evaluation purpose.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Probabilistic Analysis Algorithm for UASLOPE Software Program

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Robert Liang

Status: Active State Job #: 134710 RFP #: 2013-29

Start Date: August 16, 2012 End Date: December 16, 2013 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Chris Merklin Project Type: Geotechnical

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Landslides and slope failures occur frequently every year to have major impact on the operational safety of roadways and to add financial burden to the highway agencies for slope repairs and maintenance. For those unstable slopes, although there are many slope improvement methods available, the use of drilled shafts has been a commonly adopted method for several advantages, such as (a) it offers permanent structural fix, (b) it normally does not require additional right of ways, (c) it can be constructed in most soil and rock conditions, and (d) it can be constructed rather rapidly.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Perform pertinent literature review on the suitable probability methods that can be used to convert the UASLPOE 2.1 deterministic computational method into a probabilistic version

2. Formulate the mathematical theories and implement these mathematical models into a modified research grade computer program, using the existing UASLOPE 2.1 program as the base. Validate the developed computer program and demonstrate the sensitivity of the probability of failure to the variance of the input soil properties.

3. Formulate a future study plan for a practice-oriented computer program and the accompanied user manual

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task I: Literature Review

Task II: Formulate MCS Algorithm for UASLOPE2.1 Soil-Arching Based Theory

Task III: Development of Research Version Computer Program

Task IV: Demonstration of Research Grade Computer Program

Task V: Development of Future Research Plan

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. A report documenting the theory and computational algorithms of a probabilistic research version of the UASLOPE2.1 program and the evaluations of the analysis results based on the original deterministic approach and the new probabilistic approach.

2. A research grade computer program with the accompanied user’s instruction will be delivered to ODOT for evaluation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Ohio Work Zone Speed Zones Process

Research Agency: Texas Transportation Institute Researcher: Melisa Finley

Status: Active State Job #: 134716 RFP #: 2013-20

Start Date: September 02, 2012 End Date: July 02, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Emily Willis Project Type: Roadway

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

In April 2011, the ODOT published a new process for the use and determination of speed zones in an effort to enhance the safety of the traveling public and workers while providing efficient flow of traffic through work zones. This process was based upon recommendations from previous National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) studies and ODOT internal procedures. Overall, research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the new ODOT process for establishing work zone speed zones compared to the previous ODOT process and the previous NCHRP recommendations.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The main objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of ODOT’s new process for establishing work zone speed zones. To accomplish this objective, the research team will compare ODOT’s new process with ODOT’s previous process and the results of previous NCHRP studies using appropriate data measurements. The findings from this research will either validate that the new process for establishing work zone speed zones is effective or result in recommendations for improvements to ensure the safe and efficient flow of traffic in work zones.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Identify Most Common Warranting Conditions and Factors

2. Develop an Experimental Plan and Identify Field Study Locations

3. Conduct Field Studies

4. Reduce and Analyze Data

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Detailed and documented statistical analysis of the performance of Ohio’s current work zone speed zoning process in relation to Ohio’s previous process and the NCHRP studies.

2. Draft/proposed revised to Ohio’s work zone speed zoning process as applicable based on research findings.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation and Analysis of Liquid Deicers for Winter Maintenance

Research Agency: Montana State University Researcher: Xianming Shi

Status: Active State Job #: 134717 RFP #: 2013-10

Start Date: September 28, 2012 End Date: January 28, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Darrell Sanders Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) uses many different materials to melt snow & ice on ODOT maintained roadway. In recent years, many different liquid deicers have entered the market. The problem with multiple choices is deciding which product is the best to use, at what time, with which materials, and during what conditions. ODOT would like to compare liquid deicers to determine the products that work best in Ohio.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Evaluation an Analysis of Liquid Deicers for Winter Maintenance" is to identify a group of liquid deicers that rank high in terms of cost effectiveness, minimal environmental impact, low corrosiveness, melting capacity, material compatibility, and availability.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Perform data analysis and matrices of up to the 50 most used liquid road deicers in the United States.

2) Review specifications listed on the PNS specification sheet for use in the material selection process. Selected materials must be approved by PNS before they can be added to an ODOT contract.

3) Perform a cost/benefit analysis taking into consideration factors such as, but not limited to: environmental impact, corrosiveness, melting capacity, material compatibility, and availability. Material storage costs, special handling considerations and other unknowns at this time associated with recommendations and potential implementation of using the products should also be included.

4) Conduct laboratory testing on the five highest ranked products.

5) Develop matrices for evaluating the materials.

6) Develop a material use matrix similar to ODOT’s Material Application Guideline (MAG) for best materials. If deemed appropriate, the Researcher will include a strategy for deployment of materials.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Reports and matrices regarding findings and data analysis.

2) Reports and matrices regarding the laboratory test results.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

3) Recommendations on the product selection including a cost/benefit analysis and discussions on maintenance and potential concerns.

4) A deployment strategy (as appropriate).

5) Quarterly progress reports.

6) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

7) An article for the Research newsletter (upon request).

8) Participation in the required meetings.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Salt Neutralizers for Washing Snow and Ice Equipment

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Chelsea Monty

Status: Active State Job #: 134718 RFP #: 2013-19

Start Date: October 04, 2012 End Date: February 04, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Paul Ensinger Project Type: Roadway

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

This research is needed to test the effectiveness of salt neutralizers, determine whether their use provides a cost benefit, and determine which products are the most effective.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to identify commonly available salt neutralizing wash products, provide lab and field evaluation of the products’ performance, and summarize key characteristics including any concerns with regard to the environment, user safety, or side effects. (e.g. compatibility with aluminum, stainless steel; hydraulic hoses/fittings, wiring).

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. A literature search for existing studies on the effectiveness of salt neutralizers.

2. Develop protocol and conduct lab testing to determine effectiveness of viable salt neutralizer products, relative to a baseline.

3. Develop a methodology for data collection and evaluation of selected products by actual field testing on ODOT equipment

4. If further monitoring of performance is necessary, develop a plan for continued monitoring by ODOT.

5. Perform a cost/benefit analysis taking into account the cost of the neutralizer product, and its expected benefit to equipment life cycle costs.

6. Provide recommendations for future use of salt neutralizing products. Include frequency (i.e., year round, daily, weekly, only after storms, only at end of season,) and type of product.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. A report with test results and conclusions on the effectiveness of salt neutralizers, including recommendations and cost effectiveness of future use of salt neutralizers.

2. Quarterly progress reports (provide electronically).

3. One original and five copies of the draft final report and draft executive summary shall be submitted 120 days prior to the contract completion date.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

4. Five copies of an approved final report, five color copies of an approved executive summary, and a PDF and MS DOC version of both documents shall be submitted by the contract completion date.

5. An article for the research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

6. Participation in the following meetings: project start-up, project status (frequency TBD), research review session (1 per year), and research results presentation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Traffic Flow Analysis and Road User Cost Tools Applied to Work Zones

Research Agency: Cleveland State University Researcher: Jacqueline Jenkins

Status: Active State Job #: 134719 RFP #: 2013-07

Start Date: September 02, 2012 End Date: September 02, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Reynaldo Stargall Project Type: Traffic

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT Policy 516-003(P), Traffic Management in Work Zones Interstate and Other Freeways, details the process for analyzing the impact of lane closures on our construction and maintenance projects. All work on ODOT's interstates and freeways must follow this policy. If a planned project violates the Permitted Lane Closure Schedule (http://plcm.dot.state.oh.us), a queue analysis must be completed. This analysis can be done by either ODOT staff or consultants.

The current process was developed in a May 2001 study titled "Evaluation of Traffic Flow Analysis Tools Applied to Work Zones Based on Flow Data Collected in the Field" by the University of Iowa. The first step in the recommended procedure is to calculate the work zone capacity using QUEWZ-98. The capacity and other factors are inserted into an internally-developed ODOT spreadsheet to estimate queue lengths and the amount of diversion necessary to meet the policy’s queuing thresholds.

QUEWZ-98 is a DOS-based program that was developed by the Texas Transportation Institute. With many computers updating to 64- bit versions of Windows 7, many people can no longer open the program on their computers without modifying the operating system or downloading additional software that enables the use of DOS programs. Additionally, the values for "Number of Queued Vehicles Per Mile" needs to be reevaluated to ensure that realistic values are being used. QUEWZ-98 is also used to compute road user costs per ODOT’s Innovative Contracting Manual. The resulting costs are often inflated and the cost per vehicle reflects Texas traffic and environmental factors that were present in the 1990s. Engineers are forced to essentially choose their own number to use as a road user cost, rendering the program ineffective. Research is needed to establish a reliable, user-friendly procedure for analyzing work zone queuing and calculating road user costs that’s reflective of Ohio’s current traffic conditions and technologies.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Evaluation of Traffic Flow Analysis and Road User Cost Tools Applied to Work Zones" is to establish a reliable, user-friendly procedure for analyzing work zone queuing and calculating road user costs that’s reflective of current traffic conditions and technologies. The results produced by the process should be realistic and able to be used by maintenance of traffic planners and incorporated into construction contracts.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Extensive literature review of existing processes utilized by other state DOTs.

2) A synthesis and analysis of the various methods available.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

3) Review current factors utilized by ODOT. Provide recommendations for updates to ODOT’s process.

4) Field observations and real-time testing of the recommended processes.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) A re-analysis of the recommended procedures found on pages 88-91 in the May 2001 report.

2) An updated method of calculating road user costs.

3) Quarterly progress reports.

4) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

5) An article for the Research newsletter (upon request).

6) Participation in the required meetings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Creation of a Customer Relations Development System

Research Agency: Applied Engineering Management Corp. Researcher: Kelley Klaver Pecheux

Status: Active State Job #: 134722 RFP #: 2013-08

Start Date: September 28, 2012 End Date: September 28, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Andrew Shepler Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is a large state agency charged with management and maintenance a vast transportation system in Ohio. Ohio's transportation system includes multiple modes (road, rail, water and air) and impacts the movement of people and goods throughout the state. The performance of the transportation system in Ohio is critical to the economic health and prosperity of the state, as well as the nation.

At present, ODOT has several processes it uses to monitor the performance and physical conditions of the state’s transportation facilities. However, one notable exception is a system to monitor user (i.e. customer) satisfaction with the transportation system. ODOT does not have a comprehensive process/system with which to receive, or respond, to feedback from customers concerning how well Ohio’s transportation system meets their needs.

Research is needed to develop a customer relations development system that (1) improves ODOT's understanding of the transportation needs and desires of its customers and (2) enhances the overall communication between the two entities.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Creation of a Customer Relations Development System" is to recommend a robust process that enhances ODOT’s communication with users of Ohio’s transportation system.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Perform a baseline survey measuring customer satisfaction with ODOT’s existing customer feedback portals and responses.

2) Analyze ODOT’s existing customer feedback portals.

3) Conduct a best practices study to benchmark with CRD systems at other public agencies.

4) Determine the media and formats that would be most beneficial to ODOT.

5) Recommend new and/or modified feedback portals based on customer desires.

6) Recommend system specifications (i.e. software platform, feature set, development phasing/sequencing and budget) for an electronic CRD system.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Quarterly progress reports.

2) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

3) An article for the Research newsletter (upon request).

4) Participation in the required meetings’

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Assessing the Performance of the SpeedInfo Sensor

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Benjamin A. Coifman

Status: Active State Job #: 134723 RFP #: 2012-14

Start Date: September 28, 2012 End Date: January 28, 2014 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Bryan Comer Project Type: Traffic

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Traditionally freeway traffic operations data were collected in-house by ODOT using loop detectors that provide speed, flow, and occupancy by lane. Ultimately, most real time management applications only use the speed (e.g., traveler information and congestion monitoring). In recent years a new company, SpeedInfo, emerged with a different paradigm for traffic operations data collection which promises a cost-effective means for traffic data collection. SpeedInfo is slated to become ODOT's dominant traffic detection technology for real time operations and management. During the transition, approximately 65 loop detector stations of the Columbus Metropolitan Freeway Management System (CMFMS) will be operational simultaneously with SpeedInfo. This overlap of coverage provides an opportunity to validate the performance of the SpeedInfo sensors to the soon to be decommissioned CMFMS.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Assessing the Performance of the SpeedInfo Sensor" is to validate the performance of the system over an extended period, examining potentially challenging conditions, diagnose any biases, and provide guidance in working with the new data source.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Collect archived SpeedInfo data and loop detector data.

Task 2 - Correlate the location of SpeedInfo sensors and detection zones with existing loop detector stations.

Task 3 - Develop a method to easily time synchronize the two data sets.

Task 4 - Aggregate the loop detector data at the same rate as the SpeedInfo data.

Task 5 - Compare overlapping data from two sensor systems.

Task 6 - Diagnose problems and discrepancies discovered between data sets.

Task 7 - Investigate and document potential biases inherent in the radar system utilized by SpeedInfo.

Task 8 - Investigate relationships in the context of SpeedInfo data and traditionally utilized metrics not available in SpeedInfo for ramp meeting (if time permits).

Task 9 - Investigate potential issues concerning performance degradation during precipitation (if data is available).

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Quarterly progress reports

2) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

3) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

4) Participation in required meetings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Winter Pothole Patching Methods

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Munir Nazzal

Status: Active State Job #: 134724 RFP #: 2013-09

Start Date: October 11, 2012 End Date: February 11, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Howard Huebner Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) maintenance crews perform pothole patching activities throughout the state during the winter season. Oftentimes a throw and roll method with cold mix materials is used because the asphalt plants close in northern Ohio during the winter season and hot mix asphalt cannot be obtained. The amount of traffic, moisture penetration, and multiple freeze/thaw cycles contribute to the shortening of the life of the cold mix patches. As a result, potholes tend to resurface presenting not only a safety hazard to motorists, but additional expense to ODOT as the pavement must be repaired repeatedly. To ensure the continued safety of the traveling public and the efficient use of funds, an investigation of alternative methods to seasonal pothole patching is needed.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Evaluation of Winter Pothole Patching Methods" is to conduct an analysis of three pothole patching methods and provide recommendations on appropriate incorporation of the three methods into ODOT's maintenance program. The methods to be evaluated include the following: (1) traditional throw and roll method with cold mix materials; (2) the trailer mounted DuraPatcher© pavement sprayer; and (3) a tow-behind combination infrared asphalt heater/reclaimer. The goal is to identify a method that will extend the life span of patches performed during winter months that is both efficient and economical. While analysis should focus on the use of these methods during the winter season, consideration for year-round application should also be included in the analysis.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of ODOT’s traditional throw and roll method and the DuraPatcher© pavement sprayer.

2) Conduct a survey of other state DOTs methods for patching potholes during the winter season. Develop a preliminary synthesis of best practices based on feedback. Conduct an analysis of tow-behind combination infrared asphalt heater/reclaimer units currently available on the market. Provide a recommendation to ODOT on whether or not a unit should be purchased and, if determined appropriate, which unit to consider for purchase.

3) Provide an interim report summarizing the findings from the above tasks.

4) Conduct field and laboratory testing for data collection and analysis of all three methods.

5) Compare and contrast the performance of the three methods. Provide a comprehensive cost/benefit analysis for each method. Provide recommendations for utilization of each method including, as appropriate, a deployment strategy for underutilized methods.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Interim report due six (6) weeks following the contract start date.

2) A comprehensive comparison of the three pothole patching methods including recommendations on usage, cost/benefit analyses, and discussions on maintenance and potential concerns.

3) Deployment strategies (as appropriate).

4) Quarterly progress reports.

5) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

6) An article for the Research newsletter (upon request).

7) Participation in the required meetings.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Assessment of ODOT's Conduit Service Life Prediction Methodology

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Shad Sargand

Status: Active State Job #: 134725 RFP #: 2013-15

Start Date: October 15, 2012 End Date: August 15, 2016 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jeff Syar Project Type: Hydraulics

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Currently, ODOT manages and maintains approximately 100,000 culverts statewide. The design, evaluation, and service life predictions of these assets are done in accordance with the Location and Design (L&D) Manual, Volume 2 (available online at: http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Engineering/Hydraulic/LandD/Pages/LDManual,Volume2.aspx). The existing design service life predictions are limited to culverts and do not include other conduits such as storm sewer. The data utilized to develop ODOT’s methodology for predicting service life is from the 1970’s. Since then, additional conduit types, material types, and protective coatings have been introduced. As a result, the manner in which ODOT currently predicts service life for conduits may no longer be appropriate. ODOT’s current approach to conduit maintenance is reactionary. Deficiencies that are discovered by inspection or observations (i.e.: sinkholes) are addressed as they are identified. As a result, methods of conduit rehabilitation may be limited to more costly alternatives than would be available if a more proactive approach was available. An accurate service life estimate for conduit materials and protective coatings will allow ODOT to develop a proactive approach for conduit maintenance.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The research will evaluate the effectiveness of ODOT’s current methodology for estimating service life of culverts and it will evaluate metrics to be used for storm sewer conduits. The research will evaluate and propose alternative metrics, as necessary, to ensure accurate and reliable service life predictions. It is expected that a service life estimate would be made using degradation models developed through the research for various materials and protective coatings currently used by ODOT.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Perform a comprehensive literature review. Review prior ODOT research on culvert durability and current design methods outlined in the L&D Manual, Volume 2. Identify significant metrics to be evaluated in the proposed research.

2. Perform a review of ODOT’s Culvert inventory to identify potential conduits of various material type, size, and location that would be representative of conduits utilized throughout the state. Verify if conduits used in the previous durability study of the 1980s are still active and available for analysis.

3. Provide a field inspection plan that includes recommendations on the quantity of conduits that are to be included in the analysis with approximate locations identified.

4. Perform field inspection of conduits. Obtain samples of materials to be tested in accelerated laboratory degradation testing.

5. Perform accelerated laboratory degradation on various conduit materials types and protective coatings using metrics identified in previous literature review. Use core samples collected in addition to samples obtained from industry.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

6. Develop conduit degradation prediction mathematical models based on varying materials, shapes, sizes, protective coatings, site conditions, using metrics found to be significant. Provide recommendations for modifications to the ODOT’s service life prediction model and the L&D Manual, Volume 2.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Detailed field inspection plan to be reviewed and approved by ODOT (see item #3 in Proposed Research Section for more information).

2. Degradation models developed through the research.

3. Training for ODOT staff on methodology developed through the research to make life cycle predictions.

4. All required reports

5. An article for the Research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

6. Participation in required meetings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Analysis of Aggregate Pier Systems for Stabilization of Subgrade Settlement

Research Agency: University of Dayton Researcher: Omer Bilgin

Status: Active State Job #: 134726 RFP #: 2013-11

Start Date: October 28, 2012 End Date: October 28, 2016 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Thomas Powell Project Type: Geotechnical

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Every year, an estimated 1,000 pavement patching/resurfacing projects are undertaken by ODOT to repair pavement distress / structural failure due to soft and/or organic soils constituting subgrade. Thus, these conditions impact Ohio’s highway system gravely. ODOT spends $120M or more each year to remediate problems caused by subgrade settlement. Many of these occur as a result of low-strength and/or organics soils and shallow ground water. Several types of problematic soils (such as very soft clays, silts, organics clays and silts, and very loose saturated sands) yield very low strength (phi angles). Excessive settlement of these soils generally occurs following saturation during the spring and autumn rainfall; however, it is present (albeit at somewhat smaller rates) constantly throughout the year.

A methodology has been developed in which weak soils are modified to provide for a much more adequate subgrade support (CBR increase of 500%-1000%) by means of rammed aggregate pier installation. Research is needed to determine the effectiveness and potential application of this methodology in Ohio.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Analysis of Aggregate Pier Systems for Stabilization of Subgrade Settlement" is to evaluate the potential application of this method as a cost effective means to treat pavement distress in Ohio.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1) Detailed literature search including identification of critical components of a system.

Task 2) Development of site rating matrix including evaluation of potential test sites; sampling of priority sites; laboratory testing and pilot; determination of optimum pier configurations utilized for Ohio’s problematic soils; hydrogeologic characterization of sites; determination and selection of optimum delivery application for chemical dispersion; evaluation of environmental and safety issues for implementation.

Task 3) Final site selection,

Task 4) Development of a instrumentation and monitoring plan, development of an implementation plan, development of construction plans and specifications and research work.

Task 5) Implementation of the plan including construction coordination and research testing and monitoring.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Interim reports

2) Site selection criteria and matrix

3) Design plans and specifications

4) Construction and selected sites

5) Quarterly progress reports.

6) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

7) An article for the Research newsletter (upon request).

8) Participation in the required meetings.’

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Procedures for Waste Management from Street Sweeping and Storm Water Systems

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Chris Miller

Status: Active State Job #: 134731 RFP #: 2013-02

Start Date: October 28, 2012 End Date: February 28, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Hans Gucker Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Knowledge of handling waste materials from maintenance activities is currently limited. Temporary storage of collected material at ODOT facilities is currently allowed, but involves thorough understanding and better education of the regulations associated with the waste material. Once collected, the material is required to be properly separated into liquid and solid forms (decanting) prior to disposal at a waste facility. Currently, ODOT maintenance crews need economically feasible options for decanting this material once collected.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The research covered by this project may be utilized by multiple offices within ODOT. ODOT will use the research data and recommendations to update maintenance procedures and policies improving efficiency while decreasing regulatory risks. The material testing and literature research will be used to help inform regulatory entities for creating beneficial reuse strategies and ensuring ODOT’s interest are included. The research will help facility planning for use in optimizing equipment purchases and develop design criteria for ensuring purchased equipment is located and sized appropriate for demand requirements.

RESEARCH TASKS:

At a minimum, the research should include the following tasks:

1. State of Current Procedures and Practices

2. Decanting

3. Beneficial Reuse

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. All required reports

2. Electronic versions of the approved final reports

3. An article for the R&D newsletter ‘ to be provided upon the request of the Office of R&D

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

4. Development of a procedure for tracking and recording the quantity of storm management system cleaning and street sweeping material from the five representative districts in a manner to be translated for statewide use. Results from tracking quantity of wastes shall be translated into GIS format for statewide analysis.

5. Cost analysis of current disposal options and generated wastes from ODOT maintenance practices from five representative districts.

6. Summary of literature research on current equipment and practices of other DOT maintenance activities. Summary shall include innovative ideas or equipment discovered during research.

7. Recommendations of proper and efficient collection and handling procedures for maintenance activities. Recommendations shall include optimization of current equipment and practices. This may include handling efficiencies associated with temporary storage/stockpiling, reduction of waste strategies or unnecessary practices etc. Demand warrants and design criteria for locating, sizing and covering decanting equipment.

8. Participation in the following meetings: project start-up, project status (frequency TBD), research review session (1 per year), and research results presentation.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of GPS/AVL Systems for Snow & Ice Operations Resource Management

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher: Bill Schneider

Status: Active State Job #: 134740 RFP #: 2013-01

Start Date: December 23, 2012 End Date: April 23, 2015 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Dean Lansing Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Beginning with the 2009-2010 winter season, ODOT implemented a ten truck GPS/AVL resource management system pilot at Cuyahoga County's Independence Garage. For the past two winter seasons, ODOT has utilized the system and gathered information for the purposes of determining the advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility of using GPS/AVL as an enhanced method for the tracking and management of ODOT’s snow and ice resources. Based on the experiences from the pilot, the following three implementation levels have been established for the potential incorporation of GPS/AVL into ODOT's snow and ice control program.

Level 1: Tracking of plow trucks

Level 2: Tracking of plow trucks with real-time snow & ice related telemetry

Level 3: Tracking of plow trucks with real-time snow & ice related telemetry and automated resource usage reporting

Thus far, ODOT has determined that GPS/AVL systems can be utilized to successfully track the real-time and historical locations of ODOT’s plow trucks. However, the system’s ability to be a true resource management system by providing consistent snow and ice removal related telemetry and producing accurate resource usage reports from the acquired data remains undetermined. Therefore, further evaluation and analysis of snow and ice based GPS/AVL systems is needed to assess the data accuracy required for automated resource usage reporting and the potential implementation of GPS/AVL as a resource management tool for ODOT's snow and ice removal operations.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to identify, select, and implement GPS/AVL resource management systems in District 3 Medina County and District 4 Stark County and evaluate the technology’s potential to provide consistent and accurate data for the purposes of real-time snow and ice operations management, automated resource usage reporting, and implementation into ODOT's winter maintenance program. The installations of GPS/AVL systems will include approximately 25 units at two garages in Medina County and 23 units at one garage in Stark County. The exact number of units will be determined prior to system implementation. In addition to the data provided from the Medina and Stark systems, data will be made available for evaluation from the existing GPS/AVL systems located in Cuyahoga, Delaware, and Madison counties.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Phase I: literature and vendor searches

Phase II: vendor selection and system implementation

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Phase III: data analysis and system evaluation season one

Phase IV: data analysis and system evaluation season two

Phase V: final report and recommendations

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Functioning GPS/AVL systems in Medina and Stark counties as per ODOT specifications.

2. Recommendations on the use of GPS/AVL as a resource management system including data accuracy, automated resource usage reporting, calibration frequency, benefit/cost analysis, and implementation level.

3. Implementation plan (as appropriate).

4. All required reports

5. Article for the Research newsletter (to be provided upon request).

6. Participation in required meetings

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Passenger Flow Estimation and Characteristics Expansion

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher: Rabi Mishalani

Status: Active State Job #: 134752 RFP #: 2012-12

Start Date: March 04, 2013 End Date: November 04, 2014 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rebekah Anderson Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Travel Demand Forecasting Models (TDFM) employ many statistical models to generate estimates of trip generation, distribution and modal split in most urban areas. These models are then used in a variety of purposes, including transit alternatives analyses, roadway design and air quality conformity analyses. The Department maintains fifteen urban models in addition to the statewide TDFM. Modal Choice models in TDFMs are estimated from Transit On-Board Surveys. New On-Board Surveys are required by the FTA for certain projects such as New Starts, including new or extended fixed-guideway service.

On-Board Surveys have traditionally been conducted by handing a paper survey to a boarding transit passenger and requesting the passenger to fill out the survey while on board the bus or train and returning it upon exiting. While there is always a mail-back option, few surveys are returned once the passenger alights from the vehicle. Therefore, the likelihood of receiving surveys from passengers who are only riding a few blocks is poor. To date, there have been efforts to factor surveys by distance, however, this has only been easily accommodated by service where tickets are read when entering and exiting stations, such as the DC Metro.

As On-Board Surveys are being or have recently been conducted in Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati, it is appealing to quantify the bias found in reported distance so that these surveys could be re-weighted to accurately reflect transit usage. A more accurate representation in the TDFMs of current conditions will then allow for more representative transit patronage forecasts. This is important for the Department as it will affect District 8’s Cincinnati Eastern Corridor. Other affected projects include GCRTA’s Blue Line Extension, and possibly Bus Rapid Transit Service for COTA or Metro. Additionally, On-Board Surveys are expensive to collect. While new methods of collecting unbiased survey data are being tested in Atlanta and Los Angeles, these new methods have additional costs above that of a standard survey. Typically, the cost of an On-Board Survey is prohibitive for small and medium-sized urban areas. As Automatic Passenger Counters (APC) are being installed on newer buses, there may be an opportunity to use the APC data to estimate origin-destination flows without the cost of an On-Board Survey.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Evaluation of Biases in Transit On-Board Surveys" is to quantify the amount of bias in the 2008 COTA On-Board Survey (and other similar On-Board Surveys), specifically in regards to distance traveled and inclusive of any others that the researcher discovers, and to determine appropriate methods to ameliorate those biases in the data. A secondary focus is to ascertain whether APC data can be used to approximate origin-destination flows that are collected as a part of an On-Board Survey.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Development of Strategic Enterprise Architecture Design for ODOT

Research Agency: eVision Partners, Inc. Researcher: Robert Cooney

Status: Active State Job #: 134756 RFP #: 2013-33

Start Date: April 11, 2013 End Date: December 11, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Scott Phinney Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED: In order for the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) to successfully carry out its mission, it is essential to appropriately incorporate and utilize technology. Information management systems are vital to maintaining the state’s transportation infrastructure and are critical components for activities such as asset management, forecasting, QC/QA efforts, and data collection and analysis.

The information systems environment at ODOT could be described as a fragmented collection of silo systems and processes each serving individual functional departments in a minimally integrated manner. It does not represent interconnected, strategically governed systems capable of efficient data sharing, streamlined business process and enhanced productivity. Preliminary information on ODOT’s current IT structure is provided in Attachment A. This situation is hindering ODOT’s capacity to realize efficiencies in core areas such as work process streamlining and systems consolidation. In order to ensure ODOT’s management of the transportation system is efficient and reduce duplication of systems and redundant data, research is needed to develop a strategic enterprise architecture design.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The objective of this research is to develop a strategic enterprise architecture design for ODOT. To accomplish this task, the researcher is expected to: (1) complete an analysis and document the `as is’ organization wide business processes and supporting information systems architecture at ODOT, and (2) make recommendations for a `to be’ future state business process and information system architecture.

Based on the analysis, recommendations should also be given for appropriate governance mechanisms and change management procedures. The research should be structured around one of the leading EA frameworks such as The Open Group Architecture Framework: however, the framework may be customized to best address the ODOT environment.

The scope of work is to be divided into two phases. At the completion of Phase I, a review session will be held to discuss the results and provide any clarification needed. Approval from ODOT's Research Section must be provided before work on Phase II can commence. At a minimum, each phase is expected to include the tasks noted below. Additional tasks may be suggested by the researcher during proposal development to ensure the objective of the project is met.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Instrumentation of the US Grant Bridge for Monitoring of Fabrication, Erection, In-Service Behavior, and to Support Management, Maintenance, and Inspection

Research Agency: University of Cincinnati Researcher: Arthur Helmicki

Status: Active State Job #: 148050 RFP #: 02-15

Start Date: June 01, 2002 End Date: June 01, 2005 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: William Francis Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The behavior of cable-stayed bridges has not fully been understood yet, especially dealing with the three dimensional vibrations which lead to fatigue and the issue with inspection dealing with the epoxy coated, grout filled stays. An effective bridge monitoring system is needed for bridge management and maintenance purposes.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objectives of Instrumentation of the US Grant Bridge for Monitoring of Fabrication, Erection, In-Service Behavior, and to Support Management, Maintenance, and Inspection study are to: identify, install, and implement an appropriate instrumentation and field-testing program to support management of the US Grant Bridge (SCI-23-0.00). This program will augment the traditional visual inspection program to provide objective, quantitative data for use by ODOT in assessing the status of the structure; capture key static and dynamic aspects of the behavior of the bridge during both construction and in-service use; including dead-loads, controlled truck- loads, traffic, wind, thermal, and other load responses; create finite element and other models and calibrate them with the measured data, in order to assess the condition and capacity of the structure; develop field-ready monitoring strategies aimed at supporting inspection, maintenance and management activities and reducing life-cycle costs; develop a database of all field test data obtained on the US Grant Bridge including baseline and a regular regimen of truck-load tests, ambient vibration tests, and long-term environmental monitoring; and provide a detailed written report of all activities and findings obtained while conducting this research.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Work with ODOT and contractor to secure needed support for field instrumentation installation and construction event monitoring.

2. Obtain a copy of all design and construction drawings, calculations, manuals, etc.

3. Develop 3-D analytical model of the bridge.

4. Determine which members, connections, and stay cable to instrument.

5. Establish test schedule.

6. Establish Sensor and cable layouts

7. Monitor construction event and ambient vibrations.

8. Field test for baseline and service condition assessment.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. An analytical finite element model.

2. A detailed instrumentation of the US Grant Bridge for the most critical members of the bridge.

3. A database of all field tests performed on the bridge.

4. A detailed analysis of the obtained data.

5. The Final Report of research findings.

6. A development of a full scale and dynamic health monitor incorporating the hardware and software.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: LUC-2-1682 Anthony Wayne Bridge Main Cable Long Term Health Monitoring

Research Agency: University of Toledo Researcher: Douglas K. Nims

Status: Active State Job #: 427318 RFP #: 2013-32

Start Date: September 15, 2012 End Date: January 15, 2014 Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Mike Loeffler Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

As the AW is projected to be used long in to the future, long term continuous health assessment of the main cables would be advantageous. The problem addressed here is how best to use the permanent acoustic monitoring system, the opportunity given by the opening of the cables and possibly other technologies to continuously assess the main cables. There will be a moment in the near future when it will be relatively easy to lay the groundwork for an effective, long-term, high resolution health monitoring system for the main cables of the Anthony Wayne Bridge. Capturing that window effectively will require upfront planning and a partnership with a leader in nondestructive testing (NDT) technology such as the one proposed here with Mistras.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

1. Assess if the permanent acoustic monitoring system can be used to detect active corrosion.

2. Determine what sensors, if any, it may be practical and useful to embed in the main cable when it is opened for an invasive inspection.

3. Insure that the proposed system for main cable health assessment comprehensibly considers the available technologies.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1. Literature review

2. Identification of corrosion monitoring strategies being tested and implemented

3. Examination of the data from the AW

4. Laboratory experiments

5. Synthesis: direction and potential for long term monitoring of the AW main cable

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

The results of tasks 2 through 7 will be presented to ODOT in a draft report. The conclusions should clarify the state of the art and give practical direction for monitoring the health of the main cable of the AW.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Licking County Flood Warning Gage

Research Agency: U.S. Geological Survey Researcher: James Mangus

Status: Active State Job #: 457840 RFP #: 2013-34

Start Date: November 01, 2012 End Date: February 28, 2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Holly Yaryan-Hall Project Type: Hydraulics

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED: U.S. Geological Survey installed a stream gage on the South Fork Licking River consisting of a USGS stage gage to monitor water elevation at the bridge at I-70 over the South Fork Licking River at Buckeye Lake, Ohio. This area has experienced flash flooding and this system allows for a better warning time to locals.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Thermal Segregation Study - Site 2

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: Craig Landefeld

Status: Active State Job #: 466350 RFP #: 2012-31

Start Date: 5/31/2012 End Date: 12/31/2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Craig Landefeld Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED: Segregation causes premature failures in Asphalt Pavements, but there has never been a good way to quantify the amount of segregation that has occurred in the mat.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The goal is to collect enough data to write a specification to the asphalt mixes used in Ohio to quantify and limit segregation. Additionally, develop a report of the findings of this research so that ODOT industry partners can further investigate the causes of the segregation seen in asphalt pavements and work to eliminate them.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Collect temperature data using an infrared temperature measurement device

2) Collect density profiles to correlate with the temperature differentials and evaluate several of our common asphalt mixes used in the state

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Final report that includes Ohio specification guide for use of asphalt mixes in Ohio.

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Thermal Segregation Study - Site 1

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: Craig Landefeld

Status: Active State Job #: 495059 RFP #: 2012-30

Start Date: May 31, 2012 End Date: December 31, 2013 Classification: In-House

ODOT Technical Liaison: Craig Landefeld Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Segregation causes premature failures in Asphalt Pavements, but there has never been a good way to quantify the amount of segregation that has occurred in the mat.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Collect temperature data using an infrared temperature measurement device

2) Collect density profiles to correlate with the temperature differentials and evaluate several of our common asphalt mixes used in the state

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Final report that includes Ohio specification guide for use of asphalt mixes in Ohio

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Optional and/or Replacement Concrete Sealers

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: ODOT

Status: Active State Job #: 526980 RFP #: 2012-27

Start Date: September 15, 2012 End Date: February 15, 2015 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Maria Kerestly Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Department has had problems with the currently approved concrete sealer products. This in-house research will investigate the performance of two of those products as well as three new products. It will also investigate product application issues.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

This research has the potential to approve additional concrete sealer systems. This project also has the potential for specification modification. These systems will be applied to a concrete barrier wall that will be constructed in accordance with item 622 of the Ohio Department of Transportation Construction and Materials Specification (ODOTCMS), 2010 Version.

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Surface Preparation

2) Application of Coverage

3) Testing: Adhesion testing and Film Thickness Testing

4) Evaluation of Sealer Performance

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

Final Report detailing the results of the evaluation, the conclusions, and recommendations. This report will include:

1) A comparitive analysis of cost, ease of application, durability, and aesthetics of the various concrete sealer systems

2) Effects of various concrete curing techniques on concrete sealer performance

3) Effects of concrete broomed and unbroomed surface preparation on concrete sealer performance

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Implementation and Thickness Optimization of Perpetual Pavements in Ohio

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher: Shad Sargand

Status: Active State Job #: 465970 RFP #: 2012-22

Start Date: January 27, 2012 End Date: January 27, 2014 Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Aric Morse Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Increases in traffic volume and loads, demands for longer-lasting pavements that reduce user delays due to reconstruction, and rising costs of energy and asphalt materials are some of the major challenges facing the paving industry and State DOTs in the United States. The concept of perpetual pavements has been identified as an emerging design technique to solve these challenges. Perpetual asphalt pavements are designed and built to last 50 years or more without requiring major structural rehabilitation or reconstruction. In perpetual pavements distresses are confined to the upper layer of the structure, by eliminating or reducing the potential for fatigue cracking through maintaining the strains in the pavement below a critical fatigue endurance limit (FEL).

While there have been a number of successful installations of perpetual pavements, there are still questions to be answered in order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the design of such pavements. For example, although various endurance limits have been proposed, none have been determined and validated for efficient design. The National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) suggested that the FEL value for most perpetual pavement designs is in the range of 70 to 100 µe. However, based on the results of different in-service pavement sections, some researchers suggested that the FEL can withstand up to 150 µe depending on the type of mixture used.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Implementation and Thickness Optimization of Perpetual Pavements in Ohio" is to develop a framework for the selection of the optimal design for perpetual pavements in Ohio.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Literature review

Task 2 - Instrumentation of perpetual pavement sections

Task 3 - Characterization of mechanical properties of the materials in pavement test sections.

Task 4 - Controlled load tests

Task 5 - Development of design alternatives for perpetual pavements in Ohio

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Literature review or annotated bibliography on perpetual pavements

2) A framework for the selection of the optimal designs for perpetual pavements in Ohio

3) Recommendations on how to retrofit existing conventional asphalt pavements in good condition to meet the perpetual pavement requirements.

4) Catalogue for MEPDG Level 1 and Level 2 material inputs for pavement layers and subgrade soil

5) Quarterly progress reports

6) Draft and approved versions of a final report and executive summary.

7) Article for Research newsletter (upon request)

8) Participation in required meeting

100

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: In House Research

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: ODOT

Status: Active State Job #: ADMIN-C RFP #: ADMIN-C

Start Date: July 01, 2012 End Date: June 30, 2016 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Cynthia Gerst Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is a large state agency charged with management and maintenance a vast transportation system in Ohio. ODOT strives to execute its charge in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Frequently, ODOT encounters situations where low cost, short term research opportunities arise that have the potential to meet needs for system management and maintenance improvements. Some of these research opportunities do not require the assistance of external experts and can be addressed by capable ODOT staff.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of the "In House Research Program" is to provide a method for utilizing SP&R2 funding to support low cost, short term, small scope research activities that will be conducted by ODOT staff.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Specific research tasks will be determined as needs arise and approved on a quarterly basis. Potential research topics may include, but are not limited, to the following:

1) Analyzing the effectiveness of new products.

2) Comparing existing processes with new processes.

3) Determining the effectiveness of implemented environmental commitments.

4) Impacts of proposed regulations and requirements.

5) Conducting best practices and synthesis studies.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

Typical deliverables will include all data from the project, a periodic progress report (as necessary), and a technical summary with supporting documents. Other deliverables may be required, depending on the nature of the requested work as it is approved.

101

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: ODOT's Research Initiative for Locals (ORIL)

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: N/A

Status: Active State Job #: ADMIN-D RFP #: ADMIN-D

Start Date: July 01, 2012 End Date: June 30, 2016 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Vicky Fout Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED: Local government agencies in Ohio are charged with the management and maintenance of transportation systems within their boundaries. Often these entities encounter situations where research could provide assistance in resolving issues, improving efficiencies, enhancing maintenance, streamlining resources, and so forth. At times, these situations are not unique to one local entity, but are challenges faced by multiple agencies across the state. However, these opportunities for innovation and technology transfer often go by the way side due to a lack of funding and coordination. ODOT’s Research Section in partnership with the Ohio LTAP Center is developing a prospective program to involve Ohio’s local agencies in transportation research.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "ODOT’s Research Initiative for Locals (ORIL)" is to identify and investigate transportation related issues and provide implementable solutions that may be deployed on a local, regional, or national level.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Specific research tasks will be determined as needs arise. Additional information on the design of ORIL is available in the ODOT Peer Exchange Report from September 2011, which is available online at: http://www.dot.state.oh.us/Divisions/Planning/SPR/Research/Documents/2011OHPeerExchangeReport_ORIL.pdf.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

Typical deliverables will include all data from the project, periodic progress reports (as necessary), and a technical summary with supporting documents. Other deliverables may be required, depending on the nature of the requested work as it is approved.

102

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Analysis and Enhancement of the Automated Research Management System (ARMS)

Research Agency: Sogeti USA LLC Researcher: Sogeti USA LLC

Status: Active State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2011-01

Start Date: 2/1/2013 End Date: 6/30/2013 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Cynthia Gerst Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

In April 2009, two consultants began the development of a database to assist in the efficient and accurate management of ODOT’s Research, Development and Technology Transfer Program. The Automated Research Management System (ARMS) is a .NET application that is web-enabled, browser rich, and JavaScript library oriented. ARMS was intended to have four major areas of functionality: (1) the tracking and reporting of projects and contacts, which includes the development and publishing of the annual State Planning and Research Part 2 (SP&R2) program book; (2) submission, review, and prioritization of research needs; (3) submission and review of proposals for the awarding of projects; and (4) a streamlined electronic review of and commenting on research reports. Function area #1 of ARMS was deployed to production in May 2010. While initial testing of the application is promising, further analysis is needed to determine if ARMS is appropriately addressing the needs of ODOT’s Innovation Research and Implementation Section (IRIS) and then implement appropriate enhancements.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The objective of "Analysis and Enhancement of the Automated Research Management System (ARMS)" is to expand the functionality of ARMS and provide continuity in the maintenance of the application.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1 - Provide troubleshooting and corrections to problems with the existing ARMS application.

Task 2 - Thoroughly review and evaluate the performance of ARMS. Provide a SWOT and GAP analysis.

Task 3 - Prepare a requirements brief with recommendations and strategy for further development of ARMS.

Task 4 - Perform system enhancements, prepare use case summaries, and participate in iteration meetings as instructed.

Task 5 - Conduct multiple tests of ARMS and make adjustments as necessary.

Task 6 - Assist in data migration and population activities as needed. Perform data integrity tests as appropriate.

Task 7 - Provide training to ODOT staff on the use and maintenance of the database.

Task 8 - Prepare a user’s manual with complete instructions on all aspects of ARMS.

Task 9 - Prepare a programmer’s guide to include troubleshooting recommendations.

Task 10 - Propose an annual maintenance agreement for continued troubleshooting and minor program enhancements covering a three-to-five year period.

103

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Adjustments and enhancements to the ARMS database

2. Quarterly progress reports

3. Requirements Brief

4. Use cases as identified

5. An easy to follow user’s manual

6. A detailed programmer’s guide including troubleshooting recommendations

7. Provide training to ODOT staff on the use and maintenance of ARMS.

8. Participation in the following meetings: project start-up, strategy, iterations (as planned), and project wrap-up.

104

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Effectiveness of the TRU-88 Wildlife Roadway Crossing Culverts and Exclusion Fencing

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: Matthew Perlik

Status: Active State Job #: N/A RFP #: IH-002

Start Date: October 02, 2012 End Date: January 31, 2014 Classification: In-House

ODOT Technical Liaison: Matthew Perlik Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

This project proposes to measure the effectiveness of small wildlife crossing culverts and exclusion fencing constructed as part of a federal enhancement grant along State Route 88 in Trumbull County Ohio. This project will provide data on if the TRU-88 crossings and fencing are being used as designed by moving wildlife safely through the road. It will answer the question of was the exclusion fencing and crossing culverts effective mitigation measures for increasing connectivity patterns of wildlife within GRWA and decreasing wildlife mortality on this stretch of SR88. The installation of the crossings and fencing cost approximately $240,000 of the complete $2,099,933.22 repaving project. This proposed research project is requesting $4,627.77 to evaluate the effectiveness of ODOT’s $240,000 investment in wildlife mobility within GRWA. An area of benefit that is harder to quantify are the negotiating position ODOT could gain by having solid data regarding the use by wildlife of crossing structures in this experimental setting when future road projects are required to install such crossings by resource agencies. This specific case study will give ODOT the ability to respond to requests for these types of crossings with data on the effectiveness of this type of crossing structure to future project specific requests for these types of wildlife crossing structures. Studying the existing experimental crossing will be advancing wildlife culvert design considerations for Ohio and providing a case study that can aid in decision making for future ODOT initiated crossings. DOTs in similar ecological settings could also benefit from this project. Finally the findings could conclude that the design utilized at TRU-88 is not effective and money should be spent in a different capacity for reducing impacts of roads on wildlife.

The use of the techniques and equipment proposed for this project could be transferred to other existing wildlife crossings throughout the state. An added benefit of this proposed project is that additional research surveys could be conducted in the future at no additional cost. This could include follow up assessment of mandatory crossings implemented on other ODOT projects.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Technical Summary providing a complete description of the methods, results, and discussion on the significance of findings.

2. Development of Policy Statements for OES for the incorporation of this type of crossing structure based on the findings of this study.

4. Submittal of results to a local scientific journal such as the Ohio Journal of Science or a national wildlife publication such as the American Midland Naturalist or the Wildlife Society Bulletin. Various outlets for transportation-related research results could also be considered with the assistance from the ODOT Research Office

105 Proposed Projects

Project Duration Total Projected RFP # Project Title FY 2014 Funding FY 2015 Funding (months) Cost 2012-32 Thermal Segregation Study - Site 3 6 $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 2012-33 Thermal Segregation Study - Site 4 6 $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 2012-34 Thermal Segregation Study - Site 5 6 $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 Evaluation of High Performance Pavement and Bridge 2014-01 Deck Wearing Surface Repair Materials 36 $ 231,309.97 $ 81,227.03 $ 312,537.00 Development of an Overlay Design Procedure for 2014-03 Composite Pavements 36 $ 123,323.40 $ 91,035.60 $ 214,359.00 Alternative Stream Channel Maintenance at Bridge 2014-05 Crossings 34 $ 355,854.99 $ 99,436.01 $ 455,291.00 2014-06 Thermoplastic Conduit Vertical Deflection 16 $ 29,421.00 $ 29,421.00 2014-07 Investigate Plow Blade Optimization 24 $ 109,417.90 $ 63,436.10 $ 172,854.00 Development of a Pavement Marking Materials Matrix for 2014-09 ODOT District 11 36 $ 147,188.10 $ 85,724.90 $ 232,913.00

Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Temporary Traffic 2014-10 Control on Rural One-Lane, Two-Way Highways 16 $ 240,544.00 $ 240,544.00 Evaluation of the Geocell and 1:1 Reinforced Soil Slope 2014-12 Green Noise Walls 24 $ 585,281.00 $ 400,000.00 $ 985,281.00 2014-16 Using Cellular Data to Estimate External Travel 22 $ 214,406.00 $ 100,000.00 $ 314,406.00

2014-17 The Value of Balanced Growth Plans for Transportation 16 $ 384,129.00 $ 384,129.00

2014-18 Optimization of Salt Storage for County Garage Facilities 6 $ 83,507.00 $ 83,507.00 Development, Field Testing, and Implementation of 2014-19 Improved Bridge Parapet Designs 16 $ 40,000.00 $ 40,000.00 Adaptive Video-based Vehicle Classification Technique 2014-20 for Monitoring Traffic 16 $ 40,000.00 $ 40,000.00 Waterproofing Details of Connections for Adjacent Precast 2014-21 Concrete Box-Beam Bridges 24 $ 210,000.00 $ 210,000.00 Evaluation of Low Temperature Cracking Resistance of 2014-22 WMA 16 $ 94,500.00 $ 94,500.00 Linking Land Use and Travel in Ohio: Incorporating 2014-23 Vehicle Choice Decline Components 16 $ 150,611.00 $ 150,611.00 Development of a Management System for Corrosion- Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridge Superstructure 2014-25 Elements 24 $ 271,457.00 $ 158,039.00 $ 429,496.00

Implementation and Transition of Data Interchange for 2014-26 Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (DIGGS) 24 $ 80,000.00 $ 80,000.00 Evaluation and Implementation of Bridge Health Monitoring Systems into ODOT’s Structural Management 2014-27 System (SMS) 12 $ 120,000.00 $ 120,000.00

ADMIN-A Cooperative Research Seminar $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 ADMIN-B Peer Exchange $ 10,000.00 $ 10,000.00 Total Proposed Project Funding: $ 3,585,950.36 $ 1,103,898.64 $ 4,689,849.00

Proposals in Progress Project Duration Estimated FY RFP # Project Title (months) 2014 Funding Establishing a Data Driven Return on Investment Formula 2013-17 for Transportation Training $ 75,000.00 Evaluating Vegetation Management Practices for Woody 2014-02 and Herbaceous Vegetation 6 $ 75,000.00 Tunnel Mucker Remote Control Process for Box Culvert 2014-08 Maintenance $ 250,000.00 Effective and Safe Berm Compaction for Shoulder 2014-13 Maintenance $ 150,000.00 2014-14 Evaluation of ODOT's Culvert Boring Process $ 150,000.00

2014-15 Optimization of Patching for Spray Injection Equipment $ 150,000.00 Total Proposed Project Funding: $ 850,000.00

106

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Thermal Segregation Study - Site 3

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: Craig Landefeld

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2012-32

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Craig Landefeld Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Segregation causes premature failures in Asphalt Pavements, but there has never been a good way to quantify the amount of segregation that has occurred in the mat.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Collect temperature data using an infrared temperature measurement device

2) Collect density profiles to correlate with the temperature differentials and evaluate several of our common asphalt mixes used in the state

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Final report that includes Ohio specification guide for use of asphalt mixes in Ohio

107

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Thermal Segregation Study - Site 4

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher: Craig Landefeld

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2012-33

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Craig Landefeld Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Segregation causes premature failures in Asphalt Pavements, but there has never been a good way to quantify the amount of segregation that has occurred in the mat.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Collect temperature data using an infrared temperature measurement device

2) Collect density profiles to correlate with the temperature differentials and evaluate several of our common asphalt mixes used in the state

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Final report that includes Ohio specification guide for use of asphalt mixes in Ohio

108

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Thermal Segregation Study - Site 5

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher: Craig Landefeld

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2012-34

Start Date: End Date: Classification: In-House

ODOT Technical Liaison: Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Segregation causes premature failures in Asphalt Pavements, but there has never been a good way to quantify the amount of segregation that has occurred in the mat.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

RESEARCH TASKS:

1) Collect temperature data using an infrared temperature measurement device

2) Collect density profiles to correlate with the temperature differentials and evaluate several of our common asphalt mixes used in the state

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1) Final report that includes Ohio specification guide for use of asphalt mixes in Ohio

109

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of High Performance Pavement and Bridge Deck Wearing Surface Repair Materials

Research Agency: Cleveland State University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-01

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Gary Middleton Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation has identified the need to specify durable, more permanent high performing pavement and bridge deck patching materials that allow for expediting pavement and bridge deck wearing surface repair for worker and user safety. Currently, either temporary or generally specified in-kind or like materials are being used to perform pavement patching. Usually, the Department provides generically specified cementitious or cold asphalt materials for patching wearing surfaces with varied performance characteristics. Current products used for this purpose are generally those that have been used for many decades for which competition exists. However, new or proprietary products are difficult to specify unless incorporated into a construction project for research purposes, an approved equal is permitted, or procurement of the product complies with the Department's direct purchasing requirements. Consequently, this creates a situation in which the desired product is precluded from use.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

- Identify/determine acceptable field performance criteria for comparative analysis of selected products.

- Install the products at mutually agreed locations as described herein.

- Evaluate the products based on field performance criteria.

- Provide updated field performance evaluation criteria based on the field performance analysis.

- Provide a comprehensive standard material and performance based generic specifications in the Standard ODOT Construction and Material Specifications or Supplemental Specifications format based on desired ASTM or equivalent material properties and field performance analysis.

- Provide a decision matrix for use of the recommended products.

110

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Development of an Overlay Design Procedure for Composite Pavements

Research Agency: University of Toledo Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-03

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Adam Au Project Type: Pavements

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

A majority of ODOT's 4-lane and interstate highways are composite pavement; with the vast majority being Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement overlaid with asphalt concrete (AC). Each year, ODOT rehabilitates several hundred miles of existing AC/PCC pavements by additional overlay. It is important to have an effective means to evaluate the existing AC/PCC pavements and to design the overlay thickness required to carry anticipated future traffic loading. The pavement overlay thickness design procedure currently exercised by ODOT works well for both flexible and rigid pavements, but it tends to produce overly conservative designs for composite pavements. For composite pavements with relatively thick asphalt overlays, the current design procedure consistently recommends very high overlay thickness that is deemed structurally unnecessary. Research is needed to evaluate and verify the assumptions used for composite pavements in the current overlay design procedure and provide modifications as needed or to develop a new deflection based overlay design procedure for composite pavements. The proposed study investigates the possible cause(s) and finds solution(s) to address the problem within the composite overlay design procedure and to verify and validate the revised procedure through actual pavements.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

- The primary goal is to develop and validate a Falling Weight Deflectometer ¿(FWD) deflection-based overlay design procedure for composite pavements and incorporate it into the most current version of ODOT's overall design software.

- Provide ODOT with the ability to mechanistically determine the effective thickness of the PCC slab portion of a composite pavement for use in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' equation for the design of unbonded concrete overlays.

111

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Alternative Stream Channel Maintenance at Bridge Crossings

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-05

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Hans Gucker Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Historically, bridge design practices have excluded the impact place on stream channel morphology. Bridge structures can have significant impacts on stream channel morphology within their immediate vicinities. Human activity, including the construction bridges causes channel instability. Stream channel instability is a major concern because it can compromise the safety of bridge foundations.¿ The magnitude of instability that a channel experiences is a function of a variety of factors that include watershed characteristics, stream type, bank vegetation, bed and bank materials, and flow habit.

Typical hardended countermeasures can create a permanent solution, but this practice often leads to over-application of rock material or concrete leading to unnecessary costs. Permitting is also a costly endeavor when using rock material and concrete. Applying a Natural Channel Design (NCD) approach will introduce practices that consider bank stability while also limiting the degree of aggradation and degredation impacting the bridge opening. These practices are intuitively designed to consider both the form and the function of channel and the adjacent floodplain. The challenge associated with applying a NCD approach is that it typically requires more data collection and analysis to ensure the design is optimized for the specific application. This project will be initiated with a thorough site assesment and data collection process accompanied by research of available resources pertaining to NCD and the application to channel/bridge stability. The knowledge gained from this effort will translate to hands-on design and construction oversight of pilot projects to acclimate the state and local staff to these practices, with the project culminating in documentation and training on NCD methods.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

- Create a baseline understanding of current practices and capabilities

- Identify appropriate pilot project locations for assessment and implementation of NCD methods.

- Provide research and compile data to support definitive study recommendations.

- Demonstrate techniques and assess project success/failure through post construction monitoring and disseminate knowledge through outreach education.

112

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Thermoplastic Conduit Vertical Deflection

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-06

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Jeff Syar Project Type: Hydraulics

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Current research regarding flexible conduits considers a vertical deflection value of 7.5% to be a point of failure. The chosen value is independent of physical or material properties as well as installation conditions. The limit is applied to both metal and thermoplastic conduit types.

The final product of the proposed study will be instrumental for ODOT to improve the standard specifications for thermoplastic pipe culverts used in Ohio¿s transportation infrastructure. It will also be a useful tool for ODOT hydraulics engineers when managing thermoplastic pipe culverts in the highway culvert database and when review new thermoplastic pipe culvert installation plans.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The main goal of this student study is to establish the threshold vertical deflection values for thermoplastic pipes installed in a variety of installation conditions that conform to the AASHTO LRFD specifications. To meet this goal, the technical objective of the study will be aimed at developing a set of tables and charts that present clear correlations between thermoplastic pipe diameter or fill height and deflection.

113

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Investigate Plow Blade Optimization

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-07

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Brian Olson Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The single largest cost item in the maintenance budget for ODOT is snow and ice control (accounting for roughly $50 million in total expenses). One goal of snow and ice control is to provide adequate level of service to the motoring public, which is measured by regain time or the amount of time to recover after a snow event by increasing the vehicle speed to within 10 mph of speed limit. The major technique for snow removal on roadways is the use of snow plows and snow plow blades, or cutting edges. The plow blade is the component of the plowing system that makes contact with the roadway surface. Friction causes the blades to wear which requires eventually requires their replacement. The rate of deterioration is based on several factors including: the type of blade, roadway surface type, plowing speed, and the operator's plowing habits. Plows blades are commonly replaced two to three times per winter season which increases the maintenance cost. Plow blades are cumbersome and issues arise in terms of safety and efficiency when replacing them. Evaluations of varying slow plows will be made in Districts 3, 4, 5, and 12. ¿

Winter maintenance is incredibly time and resource intensive for ODOT. This proposal is developed to provide ODOT with plow blades requiring fewer changes per season as well as recommendations for safely changing blades. The result will be lower overall costs based on the longer life of the plow blades, reduced maintenance costs, as well as increased safety by use of specialized changing equipment and decreasing the frequency at which employees will need to change plow blades.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

Objective One - Determine a usage strategy based on safe, efficient, and cost effective methods for changing and purchasing plow blades.

Objective Two - Recommend specialized blade changing equipment to assist and protect operators.

Objective Three - Recommend plow blades based on condition types.

114

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Development of a Pavement Marking Materials Matrix for ODOT District 11

Research Agency: Texas Transportation Institute Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-09

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Bobby Taylor Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Pavement markings play a vital role in providing guidance to motorists during the day and at night under both normal and adverse weather conditions. A wide range of pavement marking materials are available, including alkyd (or solvent-based) and waterborne (or water-based) traffic paints, polyester, thermoplastic, epoxy, preformed tape, polyurea, methacrylate, and modified urethane. These materials vary in cost, effectiveness in providing a contrast in color from that of the underlying surface, visibility under adverse weather conditions such as rain and fog, adherence to different pavement surfaces, and durability under different traffic and environmental conditions. As a result, each of the previous factors must be considered in determining the optimum marking material.

The proposed study will evaluate the performance of three pavement marking materials (fast-dry traffic paint, polyester, and epoxy) in order to determine which materials are most suitable for the environmental and traffic conditions in ODOT District 11. The evaluation will include laboratory test procedures to examine the quality of the pavement markings and glass beads used in this study, and estimate the initial retroreflectivity of these materials. Results from the laboratory tests will be utilized to select a number of products to be evaluated in the field. The field evaluation will include two-lane and four-lane highways having a variety of pavement types, pavement condition, geometries, and traffic volumes. The field performance results will be analyzed to determine the service life of the various marking materials. In addition, these results will be used to estimate the life cycle cost of these materials and develop a material selection matrix for District 11. This new matrix will provide a repeatable methodology to assist the district¿s decision makers in selecting the most cost-effective pavement marking materials conforming to ODOT specifications that will meet budgetary limitations in District 11 from year to year.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The proposed research aims at evaluating the performance of selected pavement marking materials and developing a material selection matrix for utilization by District 11. The findings of the proposed study are expected to:

- Advance the state of the technology by identifying long lasting pavement markings that are visible during the day and at night under normal and adverse weather conditions.

- Improve safety for the traveling public on the roads in District 11 by using markings with increased visibility to maintain roadway delineation.

- Reduce costs by identifying durable materials to use under various conditions (highway classification, pavement surface, pavement condition, traffic level, etc.). The recommended materials are expected to last longer than those currently used in District 11, which will reduce both the amount of marking materials used and the frequency of restriping long lines in the district.

115

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Alternative Methods of Temporary Traffic Control on Rural One-Lane, Two-Way Highways

Research Agency: Texas A&M University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-10

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Emily Willis Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

When a lane is closed on a two-lane, two-way roadway flaggers are typically used to control the flow of traffic through the work zone. While agencies have implemented various measures to improve the safety and effectiveness of flaggers, crashes and near misses still occur. Other methods such as automated flagger assistance devises (AFADs) and portable traffic signals (also known as temporary traffic control signals) can be utilized to control traffic during temporary one-way operations. However, the use of such devices may or may not be applicable dependent upon the work zone operation and characteristics. Research is needed to evaluate the efficiency of ODOT's current practices and to identify alternatives that are both cost effective and safer.

The findings from this research will either validate current ODOT practices or result in recommendations for improvements to ensure the safe and efficient flow of traffic in temporary traffic control zones on two lane rural highways. The findings may also be used to improve the safety of maintenance crews working under the conditions studied. In addition, the temporary traffic control alternative(s) identified as part of this research may result in cost savings. The results of the research would be implemented through various ODOT policies and procedures (e.g., OMUTCD, TEM, and/or approved product lists). In addition, the findings may be used by other state DOTs and local agencies.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The goal of this research is to find cost effective and safer alternatives to the current procedures and methods used by ODOT for rural one-lane, two-way temporary traffic control in maintenance operations zones, without significantly increasing motorist delay. The main objectives of this research are to:

- Determine the efficiency of ODOT's current practices.

- Identify temporary traffic control alternatives (devises and methods) that are both cost effective and safer.

- Evaluate the operational and safety effectiveness of select temporary traffic control alternatives in the field (optional).

116

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of the Geocell and 1:1 Reinforced Soil Slope Green Noise Walls

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-12

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Noel Alcala Project Type: Environmental

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT remains committed to developing practices and procedures that improve our efficiency and increase our capacity for environmental stewardship. ODOT typically constructs post and panel concrete and fiberglass noise walls to address noise mitigation in accordance with 23CFR772. These types of noise walls have caused some public complaints about their appearance. Also, ODOT has had periodic issues with the manufacturing, handling, transportation, maintenance, and longevity of these types of noise walls. The public has recently and frequently made requests for greener noise wall alternatives. Because ODOT¿s noise wall alternative toolbox is small, ODOT is very interested in having more noise wall alternatives that can be an option for a given scenario as opposed to being limited to conventional post and panel concrete and fiberglass noise walls.

Geocells are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention. Typical cellular confinement systems are made with ultrasonically- welded high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or Novel Polymeric Alloy strips that are expanded on-site to form a honeycomb-like structure which may be filled with sand, soil, rock or concrete. The geocell technology has never been constructed and tested as a noise wall. This noise wall technology has the potential to be maintenance free after it is constructed. This technology must be evaluated as a green noise wall before integrating into ODOT¿s noise abatement program.

In addition, ODOT now has the technology to construct a 1:1 Reinforced Soil Slope (RSS) under ODOT¿s Supplemental Specification (SS863). This technology is already being constructed as steepened slopes on ODOT projects. This technology involves a slope that is reinforced with geogrid. Geogrid is a geosynthetic material formed by a regular network of integrally connected polymer elements (ribs) with apertures of sufficient size to allow interlocking with the surrounding soil. Geogrid is dimensionally stable and able to retain its geometry under construction stresses. Geogrid is resistant to ultraviolet degradation and to all forms of chemical and biological degradation encountered in the soil being reinforced. This technology has never been constructed and tested as a noise wall. This noise wall technology has the potential to be maintenance free after it is constructed. This technology must also be evaluated as an earthen mound noise wall before integrating this technology into ODOT¿s noise abatement program.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The goal of this research is to determine the effectiveness of Geocell and Reinforced Soil Slope (RSS) Green Noise Walls (GNW) for the purposes of highway traffic noise abatement.

Objectives to obtaining this goal should consist of:

1. Comparison of both Geocell and RSS technologies to conventional noise barriers

2. Performance should be measured by structural stability, plant sustainability, acoustic properties, vegetation maintenance needs, and aesthetics.

3. Recommend changes to ODOT policies and specifications to address the research findings.

117

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Using Cellular Data to Estimate External Travel

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-16

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rebekah Anderson Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has conducted roadside Origin-Destination (O-D) Surveys to obtain travel patterns of vehicles originating or terminating outside a region since the 1920s. These surveys entail stopping all traffic exiting a geographical area (e.g. a town or a Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) area) and asking for the trip¿s origin, destination and trip purpose among other data items. These surveys are then used to determine the percent of trips that are traveling through a region, what routes are being used, and what internal locations are using a particular route. These studies are used to determine whether a bypass is needed for a town or what the O-D pattern is for a MPO region for use in travel demand model (TDM) estimation.

Roadside O-D surveys have historically been conducted by ODOT or its consultants. These surveys require staff to stop all traffic on each surveyed road and therefore can be costly and bothersome to motorists. Furthermore, ODOT prefers not to stop traffic on Interstate Routes (IR) for these surveys. Surveys were conducted at over 700 locations from 1995-1997 at a cost of around $7M for the purpose of TDM estimation. Between 1997 and 2002, surveys were conducted at 10 cities to determine the need for bypasses or other transportation improvements. In 2008, surveys were conducted around Allen County to expand the TDM study area. In 2009, ODOT studied the use of Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) cameras to capture the through traffic on IR 75 through Allen County. However, the ALPR cameras are only able to collect the traffic that is traveling the entire IR through the study area as only 4 cameras are owned by ODOT.

Cellular data have recently become commercially available for transportation planning purposes. Over 15 billion anonymous locations from mobile devices are generated every day from private data sources (e.g. AirSage). From mobile signaling data for roughly one-third of the population in the United States, cellular data provide a unique view of population movements. Taken separately, anonymous signaling data do not mean much, but in aggregate, they form a detailed picture showing how groups of people move throughout the day. This information can be used to model, evaluate and analyze the movement and flow patterns of both residents and visitors of a study area.

This research project will determine whether cellular data are able to replace roadside O-D surveys. A cellular dataset will be obtained for the Lima-Allen County Regional Planning Commission (LACRPC) model area and will be compared to the 2008 Cordon Survey and 2009 ALPR study on IR 75 through Allen County. Trips purposes will be imputed for the cellular data. O-D matrices (both Internal-External (I-E) and External-External (E-E)), time of day (TOD) patterns and trip purposes will be compared.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

ODOT wants to determine whether purchased cellular data are able to replace the need for costly roadside O-D surveys.

118

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: The Value of Balanced Growth Plans for Transportation

Research Agency: Cleveland State University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-17

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rebekah Anderson Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Balanced Growth is a voluntary, incentive-based strategy to protect and restore Lake Erie, the Ohio River, and Ohio's watersheds to assure long-term economic competitiveness, ecological health, and quality of life. The goal of the program is to link land-use planning to the health of watersheds and major water bodies. Watershed Planning Partnerships comprised of local government representatives and others work toward the development and implementation of a Watershed Balanced Growth Plan. This Plan will contain maps of Priority Development Areas (PDA), Priority Conservation Areas (PCA), and Priority Agricultural Areas (PAA) based on specific measurable criteria that will support watershed-based land use planning and project implementation. A Watershed Balanced Growth Plan is a framework for coordinated, local decision making about how growth and conservation should be promoted by local and state policies and investments in the context of watersheds. The state¿s role is to support the local government effort and be responsive to the resulting state-endorsed Plan. Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is a member of the Ohio Lake Erie Commission and the Ohio Water Resources Council (the two state boards that oversee the Ohio Balanced Growth Program).

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

ODOT would like to quantify the benefits of these plans on the transportation system and determine the best way to support these plans given its other requirements. ODOT is interested in how PDAs and PCAs actually develop once defined and how this development affects transportation demand and necessary transportation improvements. Does development in a PDA consolidate trips and therefore allow for targeted transportation improvements, or does the designation of PDAs have no effect on development and therefore have no effect on transportation needs? Do transportation projects near PDAs have a greater benefit than those in other areas? Are there specific ways ODOT can support the local government efforts and be responsive to these Balanced Growth Plans?

119

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Optimization of Salt Storage for County Garage Facilities

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-18

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Dale Calcamuggio Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

As of 2007 ODOT stored approximately 400,000 tons of deicing salt at 222 locations statewide, typical annual tons of salt range from 300,000 to 550,000. ODOT uses various structures to store salt; barns, coverall buildings, salt domes, etc. Proper salt storage is a best management practice that protects the invested money in the product, as well as equipment, infrastructure, personnel and the environment. The EPA has stated that salt storage presents a potentially greater environmental threat than the application of salts on roadways. Improper salt storage has been found to contaminate public and private groundwater supplies. Once affected, treatment of water sources can be difficult and expensive. ODOT does not presently have rules governing the storage of salt, but does prohibit unauthorized discharge of pollutants into waterways, including runoff from salt storage.

Due to inadequate openings (doorway size and geometry) at salt dome facilities, ODOT has identified two main issues, 1) an inability to store the maximum amount of salt that the salt dome allows and 2) precipitation from the outside affecting the contents of the building. This study will benefit ODOT by identifying tangible solutions that once implemented can increase the efficiency and safety at salt dome facilities, ultimately saving ODOT time and money.

The overall goal of this project is to identify practices and onsite modifications that can improve salt loading and storage at ODOT salt domes. This goal will be accomplished through the listed objectives.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

- Provide a comparison of salt loading and storage practices used by ODOT at salt dome facilities with those used by other state DOTs. Specifically, identifying the pros and cons of various loading practices, onsite modifications to increase safety and maximize storage, additional safety and environmental benefits, and where efficiencies can be realized.

- Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to provide information on where improvements can be made over current practices by considering implementation and long term service and maintenance costs, material savings, labor savings, etc.

- Provide recommendations on potential changes in practices and/or onsite modifications, including a deployment strategy will be made.

120

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Development, Field Testing, and Implementation of Improved Bridge Parapet Designs

Research Agency: Cleveland State University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-19

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Richard Walters Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

A previous research project carried out by Cleveland State University investigated the occurrence of wide-spread premature cracking of bridge concrete parapets on relatively recently constructed bridge decks. ODOT District 12 had identified 27 bridges exhibiting premature cracking of bridge concrete parapets to varying degrees. Bridge concrete parapets can be replaced without bridge deck replacement, and the decks on which these problem parapets were poured appeared to be performing as anticipated. A cursory review of District 12 parapets showed little correlation between deck characteristics; some were on short spans, while others were on longer spans and/or skews.

Also, multiple contractors and concrete suppliers were involved. The District did replace one cracked parapet (without replacing the deck) and the cost was about $140,000. Cracked parapets are a safety concern and the potential cost to the Department to remove and replace parapets could be significant. The overall objective of the study was to determine the reasons for uncontrolled bridge deck parapet cracking, and to provide recommendations to ODOT to prevent such cracking in the future.

This previous project identified the most likely causes of premature bridge parapet cracking. On the basis of the previous work, ODOT District 12 has decided to investigate some of the alternatives suggested by the research by conducting field tests on construction projects. This project would seek to develop improved parapet designs to mitigate cracking, and monitor test sites constructed in the field during the summer of 2013 and/or 2014.

BENEFITS:

This proposed research relates to ODOT¿s mission of ¿Take care of what we have.¿ It directly addresses the Strategic Focus Research Area of Transportation Asset Management. This represents an example of ¿Developing methods to better utilize resources and integrate advances in science, technology, and construction techniques.¿ It will also enhance Transportation Safety because deteriorated parapet material could potentially represent a risk to the traveling public.

The significance of this work is that uncontrolled concrete bridge parapet cracking has cost ODOT significant expenditures, and this trend is expected to continue in the future unless a solution can be found. Bridge deck parapets are replaced when it is necessary to replace the bridge deck itself as they sit on top of the deck and are constructed after the deck. District 12 had to replace the parapet on a bridge over I-271 in 2002 at a cost of $139,705.75 which did not include sealing, fence and expansion joint repairs. So, if the parapet were to need replaced prior to the deck, that cost is wasted when the deck is ultimately replaced. Overall, the project is likely to result in higher durability, longer service life, reduced life cycle cost, and reduced disruption to the traveling public.

121

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Adaptive Video-based Vehicle Classification Technique for Monitoring Traffic

Research Agency: University of Cincinnati Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-20

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Student Study

ODOT Technical Liaison: Dave Gardner Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Vehicle classification data is critical to almost all fields of transportation engineering and management application, including pavement and roadway design, road management and maintenance, environmental impact analysis, multimode traffic modeling development, transportation planning, analysis of alternative highway regulatory and investment policies, and so forth. Vehicular length based vehicle classification methods are widely applied due to the application of inductive loop detectors and radar stations for traffic monitoring. Axle based vehicle classification schemes are usually limited by the capital cost issues of the deployment. Therefore, locations using axle based vehicle classification is often restricted to places where significant truck volumes are observed.

Although there are many axle base vehicle classification methods and tools available, they are all limited by their intrusive axle detection nature. There are many complications associated with intrusive length-based and axle-based vehicle classification methods and models. However, video traffic data outperformed these previous methods with its capability of generating more accurate vehicle classification and speed data. That is, to promote the application of video-based detection systems, an efficient and fast method for processing video to produce accurate traffic information under varied traffic conditions is needed to greatly improve the quality of Ohio's traffic data acquisition. However, a gap exists between the current advancement of video and image processing-based vehicle parameter extraction techniques and the fundamental vehicle classification data needs for transportation applications, and the proposed research is expected the fill in the gap.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The goal of this research is to explore an axle-based vehicle classification method using existing image processing techniques to fulfill the identified research gap. To achieve the goal, two objectives are designated to fulfill: (1) to design an automated vehicle classification system, Rapid Video-based Vehicle Identification System (RVIS), based on vehicle axles parameters; and (2) to calibrate and validate the proposed axle parameter based vehicle classification system using a case study.

The proposed research addresses the challenges and identified research gap through the development and testing of the proposed RVIS with a case study. The advantage of the proposed RVIS system is that it is a ground truth video data-based, nonintrusive, rather than model-based, intrusive classification method. The ground-truth based method is reliable since it bypasses the modeling and malfunctioning errors which conventional sensors might have. Moreover, it is expected that the performance of RVIS outperforms the conventional sensors under congested traffic condition.

Through the demonstrated system architecture and functionality, it is expected that the RVIS system has its flexibility to incorporate to the existing ODOT facilities, such as the existing video surveillance network for the Ohio buckeye traffic system. This echoes to ODOT¿s mission of take care of what we have, make our system work better, improve safety and enhance capacity.

122

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Waterproofing Details of Connections for Adjacent Precast Concrete Box-Beam Bridges

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-21

Start Date: End Date: Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Bryan Struble Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Precast concrete adjacent box-beam bridges are a common type of bridges deployed by ODOT for short spans (30 to 60 ft.) and medium spans (60 to 110 ft.). Such bridges are popular because of the low depth to span ratio which allows better clearance under the bridge than stinger supported bridge decks. The design of box-beam bridges is relatively simple and has been standardized by ODOT. The life cycle cost of such bridges is low because of the superior performance, rapidness of erection, and ease of construction. Precast concrete industry has readily accepted box-beam bridge designs because of the fast turnover and economical methods of fabrication. An individual beam within a box-beam bridge can be replaced quite readily as demonstrated in a recent ODOT rehabilitation project by Wood.

Adjacent box-beams need to work together for a bridge to function effectively as a single unit. Structural performance of non- composite box-beam bridges is greatly dependent on the shear key, the connection details including the grout, waterproofing, and the tie rods. ODOT standard drawings specify box-beams of 36" or 48" width that can be tied together to form the superstructure of a bridge. Adjacent box beams are connected using partial or full depth grouted keyways along the sides of the beams. Cracking of grout is often a recurring problem leading to failure of the shear key, reflective cracking in the wearing course, and leakage. Reflective cracking is often observed along the longitudinal joint; one study from Michigan reports observing longitudinal cracks at the joint as early as within 16 days of construction (Ulku et al. 2010). Severe leakage even in some new bridges is commonly documented. Water leakage leads to premature aging and is the primary cause for corrosion of the prestressing strands and non-prestressed steel. Corrosion causes spalling and snapping of strands (Fig. 2). Prevention of water leakage is critical to minimize corrosion related deterioration at the longitudinal joints of adjacent box-beams. Any cracking along the joints and differential deflection of adjacent beams causes water proofing membrane to get damaged making water leakage inevitable. Most times the seeping water is contaminated with chloride from deicing materials which makes the concrete susceptible to corrosion related damage such as cracking and spalling.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The broader objective of this study is to develop insight into the performance of longitudinal joints with a particular reference to cracking and differential deflection that causes the waterproofing membrane to fail. The primary technical objectives of the study are to:

1) establish the sources, causes and effects of inadequate waterproofing at joints

2) develop preventive measures through careful evaluation of alternatives

The goal of the proposed study is to increase the service life of box-beam bridges by preventing corrosion related to deterioration at the joints.

123

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Low Temperature Cracking Resistance of WMA

Research Agency: Ohio University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-22

Start Date: End Date: Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: David Powers Project Type: Materials

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is an emerging technology that has been used to solve some of the challenges facing the asphalt paving industry with regard to increasing energy costs and environmental impacts associated with Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Over the last decade, several types of WMA technologies have been developed and used. In Ohio, however, the foamed WMA technology produced via a foaming nozzle is the most popular one among asphalt mix producers as it allows the production of WMA with a standard grade asphalt binder through a one-time mechanical plant modification minimizing the impact of increased additives costs associated with other types of WMA technologies. During the last four years, the use of foamed WMA in Ohio has increased from 10,430 tons in 2008 to 2,800,000 tons in 2011, which represents about 56% of the total amount of asphalt mixtures produced in the state. To date, pavements constructed using foamed WMA mixes have shown satisfactory performance, with minimal issues arising from the reduction of the production temperature.

For northern states in the US including Ohio, low temperature thermal cracking is one of the major modes of failure for asphalt pavements requiring costly annual repairs. During the initial stages of the WMA adoption in the US, it was assumed that the production of WMA mixtures at lower temperatures might lead to better resistance to low-temperature thermal cracking due to the reduced aging of the asphalt binder. However, recent studies suggested that the validity of this assumption depends on several factors that include the binder type and WMA additive or process. Therefore, further investigation is needed to determine the effect of WMA on the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures.

The purpose of this project is to examine the low-temperature cracking resistance characteristics of asphalt materials produced using the foamed WMA technology as compared to those of traditional HMA. This project will focus on evaluating lab-produced as well as field-produced WMA surface mixtures in Ohio. Furthermore, it will examine the effect of asphalt binder polymer content and type as well as aggregate properties on the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixture. This will be used to optimize the design of WMA mixtures to help enhance their low-temperature cracking resistance. As such, the outcome of this research will lead to extending the service life and durability of asphalt pavements in Ohio.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The primary objective of this study is to examine the low temperature cracking resistance of foamed WMA and compare it to that of traditional HMA. The specific objectives are to:

1) Evaluate the low temperature cracking resistance of different types of surface and intermediate WMA mixtures and compare it to HMA mixtures.

2) Examine the low temperature cracking resistance of field-produced foamed WMA used in construction of the surface course.

3) Optimize the asphalt mixture properties to enhance the low temperature performance of WMA and HMA surface mixtures.

124

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Linking Land Use and Travel in Ohio: Incorporating Vehicle Choice Decline Components

Research Agency: The Ohio State University Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-23

Start Date: End Date: Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Rebekah Anderson Project Type: Planning

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Links between travel demand, transportation system characteristics, urban form and distribution of population and employment have been the focus of several studies in the literature. These links have been viewed as the sources of several challenges related to energy consumption, environmental quality and economic viability (Badoe and Miller, 2000; Ewing et al., 2011; Miller et al., 2004; Waddell, 2011).

Currently, the PIs on this OPREP proposal are developing a Regional Land-use Allocation Decision Analysis Model for ODOT as part of their project funded through the OPREP 2013 cycle (State Job number: 134624; Linking Land-Use, Transportation and Travel Behavior in Ohio). The current model forecasts the impacts of future land-use policies in Ohio, based on alternative assumptions of highway and mass transit corridor development, zoning and environmental constraints, and changes in travel behavior associated with auto trip generation rates and distances. The model will enable the decision makers make informed decisions regarding the future land-use policies, and transportation investments.

The model uses information concerning infrastructure availability (accessibility, sewer, water services), current land-use policies where available, and environmental constraints to allocate regional and county forecasts of population and employment to 40 acre cells in each metropolitan region of Ohio. The outputs of the land-allocation model inform the subsequent transportation models in terms of population and employment distribution to forecast auto trips and trip distances for each future scenario. These forecasting models estimate the number of auto trips and the associated distances as a function of household characteristics, population and employment distribution aggregated to the TAZ level.

This study is motivated by adding two crucial components to the Regional Land-use Allocation Decision Analysis Model: vehicle choice and a better understanding of the impacts of declines in population and employment. Vehicle choice will be greatly influenced by the cost of fuel in an era of increasing demand for fossil fuels. That, in turn, will impact not only travel behavior but also the revenues from gasoline taxes that are used to pay for roadway maintenance. Equally important are the population and employment trends in the past decades that have seen significant declines in most of Ohio¿s metropolitan areas. Even within counties with net declines, there have been growth areas. By modeling those changes in greater detail, we will be able to provide insights not only to their impacts on travel and revenues but will also inform efforts at economic development that could reverse the trends.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

1) Develop vehicle choice models to forecast the changes in vehicle fleet based on changing socio-economics and land-use characteristics.

2) Develop models to deal with both population and employment growth and decline.

3) Integrate the models discussed above into the existing land-use allocation decision model

4) Identify the impacts of potential future scenarios based on socio-economic changes, mass transit investments and land-use changes.

125

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Development of a Management System for Corrosion-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridge Superstructure Elements

Research Agency: University of Akron Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-25

Start Date: End Date: Classification: OPREP

ODOT Technical Liaison: Mike Loeffler Project Type: Structures

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Corrosion-induced deterioration of reinforce concrete bridge superstructure elements is a common and costly problem facing all state DOTs. A recent cost-of-corrosion study by FHWA has estimated an annual cost of corrosion to our nation's bridges in the range of $30 billion, not including indirect cost incurred by the travelling public due to bridge closures. To address the problem of corrosion- induced structure deterioration, ODOT uses local experience and expertise to make decisions on when and how the fix corrosion damage. This approach is often costly, inefficient, nonstandard, and non-optimal.

ODOT can benefit greatly if a research project is undertaken to develop an effective management system for corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete bridge superstructure elements. The desirable features of this management system would include methods for preliminary corrosion condition evaluation and in-depth corrosion condition evaluation, methods for assessing the structure condition rating and corrosion susceptibility, methodology for selecting the best repair options and corrosion controls, remaining life prediction models, and methodology for tracking the performance of the repair materials. If the developed methodologies are accepted by ODOT, then these research results can be incorporated into the ODOT Bridge Management System (BMS) for use by ODOT as well as local counties, cities, and townships throughout the state of Ohio.¿

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The main goal of this research is to develop a comprehensive and effective management system for the corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete bridge superstructure elements, including decks, beams, pier caps, and piers.

The proposed research will provide a necessary asset management system for managing corrosion-induced damage of reinforced concrete structure elements. This research aims to address two important ODOT missions: (1) Take care of what we have ¿ by providing best practice tools for preserving physical infrastructures and extending their service life, and (2)

Implement an asset management strategy ¿ by providing a decision support system that helps streamline ODOT operations. The research results will provide recommended guidelines and procedures for implementations by ODOT in managing the corrosion damaged reinforced concrete bridge superstructure elements. In addition, ODOT can implement this into the Bridge

Management System to allow local counties, cities, and township to utilize the knowledge base and best practice synthesis.

126

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Implementation and Transition of Data Interchange for Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Specialists (DIGGS)

Research Agency: American Society of Civil Engineers Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-26

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Kirk Beach Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

A number of state and federal agencies are developing geotechnical databases which may be queried for information used for planning, design, and construction of new projects or the maintenance of existing projects. Unfortunately through the lack of standard data definition for geotechnical data, there exists significant difficulty in archiving, reusing, and sharing data. In 2005, a pooled fund study [TPF-5(111)] was initiated to establish a geotechnical data dictionary from which a national standard XML data interchange format schema could be established. This pooled fund resulted in a data interchange for geotechnical and geo-environmental transportation related data (DIGGS). DIGGS is positioned to be an international data transfer standard. Included in the initial schema are a data dictionary and an XML exchange format that allows web-based sharing of geotechnical data including borehole, soil testing, site information, geo-environmental testing, and more. Currently, DIGGS is still in a version and is in need of additional testing, tool completion, and refinement. In order to ensure ongoing stability of DIGGS, transition of this tool to an institution capable of long-term hosting and management is needed.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The primary objectives of this study are to: (1) oversee the finalization of the current DIGGS alpha version through beta version and into the final public release of DIGGS 2.0; and (2) transition DIGGS to the Geo-Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers for permanent management, oversight, and ownership.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Task 1: Develop an Excel to DIGGS converter tool

Task 2: Develop a tool to convert AGS files to DIGGS

Task 3: Conduct review of current DIGGS imbedded XML schema and data dictionary to prepare for finalization of alpha to beta.

Task 4: Finalize imbedded documentation in XML

Task 5: Perform schema correction to move from alpha to beta and to final release version 2.0

Task 6: Develop DIGGS file validator tool

Task 7: Release beta version for formal review

Task 8: Final correction to beta version, tools, validator and final release of DIGGS 2.0

Task 9: Update DIGGS website

Task 10: Develop and implement transition strategy to move DIGGS to ASCE-GI for permanent hosting and management.

127

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation and Implementation of Bridge Health Monitoring Systems into ODOT's Structural Management System (SMS)

Research Agency: University of Cincinnati Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-27

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Mike Loeffler Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Over the years, ODOT has invested a significant amount of research funds and resources into evaluating, developing and testing mechanisms and tools for performing health monitoring of structures. Currently, various systems exist on five separate structures statewide (US Grant, VGCS, Jeremiah Morrow, Ironton-Russell, and Anthony-Wayne). While similar, each system functions independently of each other and all are heavily reliant on external (non-ODOT) support in order to operate. Recently, ODOT embarked on a significant upgrade and conversion of the Bridge Management System (BMS) into a new, more robust Structure Management System (SMS). This recent change has presented ODOT with the opportunity to fully implement findings from previous research as well as further refine and streamline these systems to allow for more generalized utilization statewide.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

The primary objective of this research is to develop a uniformed, statewide structural health monitoring system and implement it into ODOT's SMS in a manner that requires no external support for proper functionally.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Phase 1: Feasibility study to determine the potential/likelihood of success to incorporate structural health monitoring systems (including active connection feature) into the new SMS.

Phase 2: Development of system architecture inclusive of a cost/benefit analysis and recommendations on how to proceed.

Phase 3: Pilot incorporation into the SMS.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

1. Development of framework specification for data collection, hardware, and system maintenance.

2. System architecture for incorporation into SMS

3. Finalization of specification for data collection, hardware, and system maintenance.

4. Required research reports (interim reports for phase 1 and phase 2, quarterly, draft, executive summary, approved final, article)

5. Participation in required meetings (start-up, review, results)

128

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Cooperative Research Seminar

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: ADMIN-A RFP #: ADMIN-A

Start Date: July 01, 2013 End Date: June 30, 2015 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Cynthia Gerst Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Administrative funding category to cover expenses associated with hosting the Cooperative Research Seminar.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

To be determined

129

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Peer Exchange

Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: ADMIN-B RFP #: ADMIN-B

Start Date: July 01, 2013 End Date: June 30, 2015 Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Cynthia Gerst Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

Administrative funding category to cover expenses associated with hosting the Research Peer Exchange.

STUDY OBJECTIVES:

A peer exchange is conducted every three years to gather feedback on the performance of the department¿s research program. Areas of excellence as well as potential improvements are identified.

RESEARCH TASKS:

Representatives from other state DOT¿s are invited to the department to participate in two to three days of panel interviews with various individuals in the department. The department identifies specific areas of focus for the exchange.

PROJECT DELIVERABLES:

The panel participants provide a summary of their observations relative to focus of the exchange as well as recommendations for improvements and ideas they plan to take back to their agencies for consideration.

130

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Validating a Data Driven Return on Investment Methodology for Transportation Training/Technology Transfer

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2013-17

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Victoria Beale Project Type: Administration

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED: The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) routinely provides technology transfer (i.e.: training) to its staff and to external local roadway agency customers to ensure they possess the skills and knowledge necessary to provide a safe and efficient transportation system to the traveling public. Currently ODOT offers a total of 361 classes internally, covering a variety of topics, such as: equipment usage, safety procedures, maintenance operations, highway surveying, work zone maintenance, traffic control, construction operations, and much more.

The objective of this research is to prove/disprove the proposed Kirkpatrick level 4 methodology (see Appendix B), which seeks to establish a direct correlation from increased employee knowledge to decreased agency operational costs. The proposal should be created for both phases of the project. Phase 1 results will be reviewed by ODOT prior to authorization of Phase 2 work to begin.

BENEFITS:

Potential benefits from this research include the streamlining of ODOT¿s technology transfer/training program to better emphasize those initiatives which provide the Department a ROI, and to possibly reduce training initiatives which are not value added for ODOT or its external local customers. Ultimately, this will aid in ensuring that the limited resources available for training purposes are being allocated in the most appropriate and effective manner. Subsequently, this research will aid in providing a workforce that is capable and knowledgeable to ensure a safe and efficient transportation system.

131

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluating Vegetation Management Practices for Woody and Herbaceous Vegetation

Research Agency: Davey Resource Group Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-02

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Tom Corey Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) is looking for aggressive innovative practices for treating all types of vegetation. ODOT is interested in expanding its selection of Integrated Vegetation Management (IVM) tools and methods over multiple year cycles. These tools should include mechanical, chemical, biological and cultural control methods, materials and equipment. The controls will vary by district based on climate, surrounding land use, topography and vegetation composition.

The control methods selected must also be environmentally sound. All of our roadways are bordered by ditches which drain into larger bodies of water. Contamination from improper herbicide use and sediment run off must be mitigated. Our ultimate goal is to provide a safe, cost effective way for our maintenance crews and contractors to maintain vegetation along Ohio¿s roadways. ODOT is currently reducing staffing numbers. As a result, there will be less man hours available to perform vegetation management duties. Finding labor saving control methods not only save money, but also reduce man hours that can then be used to perform higher level system repairs.

Controlling the growth of vegetation under guardrails and cable rails can be done either mechanically with a string line trimmer or by using specialized mowing equipment; using herbicides or by installing a vegetative barrier either before or after the rail system has been installed.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

· Increase our number of IVM tools we can use to control vegetation

· Select environmentally sound materials and procedures that are compliant with EPA rules

· Find labor saving equipment and procedures that reduce man hours and are cost effective

· Increase productivity (e.g., using specialized crews (one to two person) for techniques)

· Select the best methods of controlling woody vegetation 2¿ to 8¿ D.B.H. and woody vegetation over 8¿ D.B.H. on slopes

· Select the best method of controlling woody vegetation over 8¿ D.B.H. on slopes

· Select the best method of controlling vegetation under guardrails

132

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

DELIVERABLES:

· Provide maintenance crews a tool to determine the most appropriate control methods, techniques and timing, for accomplishing prioritized roadside maintenance activities. Could be a decision tree or roadside vegetation management plans.

· Monthly phone conference

· Matrix of current processes (per Task 3 of Phase 1)

· Matrix of alternatives and solutions (per Task 2 of Phase 1)

133

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of Box Culvert Maintenance Methods

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-08

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Bobby Taylor Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) maintenance crews perform culvert clean out on a yearly basis for culverts greater than 34¿ box and 48¿ circular. Sediment and debris build up are typically removed by hand methods. These methods create safety concerns for the employees including confined space and increased risk for worker injury along with low efficiency due to the time consuming nature of the work. There are situations where maintenance (as determined by bridge inspection) is not performed at all due to the complex terrain and the difficulty in using heavy equipment due to limitations on accessing the site. The lack of sediment and debris removal then creates drainage issues which in turn affect ODOT roadway and eventually, the safety of the traveling public. ODOT forces also may use a vactor jet machine to blow out the sediment which is also an extremely time consuming method.

Potential benefits from this research may include the following: (1) cost savings in terms of equipment and labor; (2) increased safety for maintenance crews by lessening the potential for injury and repairs; and (3) ultimately improving culvert maintenance processes that result in longer life span of culverts.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The primary goal of this project is to provide an independent, unbiased evaluation of the performance of the three culvert cleaning methods along with validated recommendations on the feasibility of their use in Ohio.

134

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Effective and Safe Berm Compaction for Shoulder Maintenance

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-13

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Craig Landefeld Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) currently uses a variety of methods when dealing with berm compaction for shoulder maintenance. One method is to use a loader dump truck¿s right rear tires. This method may help with berm compaction, but is limited by the total weight carried by the dump truck. An additional method has been to use a 6 ton (or greater) roller for compaction. Safety issues have developed with the use of the roller near the edge of pavement/shoulder. In order to effectively compact the berm material, the full width of the roller should be placed on the berm. In many cases, this is not possible and the roller is placed on both the pavement and the berm. This situation can cause the roller to become unstable, resulting in rollover issues.

ODOT is looking for an effective, safe and cost effective method for our district maintenance offices to perform berm placement. This purpose of this research is to investigate alternative materials and methods for compaction of the berm/shoulder including safety and cost effectiveness.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

· Improved Safety

· Material Evaluation

· Evaluate on a safety edge project

· Reduced life cycle costs (time, material, labor)

· Longer lasting berms

135

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Evaluation of ODOT's Culvert Boring Process

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-14

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Tom Bradford Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

ODOT inspects and evaluates its culverts on a regular basis. From these evaluations culvert work orders are generated recommending needed repairs or complete replacement when necessary. Complete culvert replacements are the focus of this research. ODOT maintenance personnel will look at a replacement work order and generate a cost estimate to replace the culvert which includes the labor, material, and equipment cost including the appropriate overhead rates. If the estimated cost is less than the legal limit to perform such work; as established by the ORC (currently $50,000); the work will be scheduled. If the cost estimate exceeds the legal limit, the work will be sold as a contract.

The conventional method utilized to replace a culvert involves closing the roadway, detouring traffic, excavating to remove the old culvert, and placing the new culvert. Two factors that are of major concern in this process include: replacing culverts under deep fills, and replacing culverts where large volumes of traffic are affected. Replacing a culvert under a deep fill adds significantly to the cost of the project and to the time required to complete the work. In addition to increased costs, safety issues arise when working in deep excavations. ¿User costs¿ are the added costs experienced by the traveling public associated with the detour which is required when replacing culverts using the traditional method of excavation. The total user costs for any detour are driven by the volume of traffic, length of the detour, and the time in which the detour is in place.

The jack and bore method of culvert replacement eliminates excavations and the need for detours. ODOT would like the research to answer the question about the cost effectiveness of utilizing in house crews to perform culvert replacements using the jack and bore method versus the traditional method of excavation based on the depth of fill and user costs.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

· Provide safer road conditions

· Optimized method to minimize impact to traveling public

· Ability to replace culverts under deep fills more economically

· Ability to replace culverts year round

· Increase in overall level of service provided to the traveling public

136

SPR Part 2 - State Fiscal Year 2014 Work Program Research, Development and Technology Transfer

Project Title: Optimization of Patching for Spray Injection Equipment

Research Agency: Please Select Researcher:

Status: Proposed State Job #: N/A RFP #: 2014-15

Start Date: End Date: Classification: Standard

ODOT Technical Liaison: Mark Atkinson Project Type: Maintenance

Abstract:

STATEMENT OF NEED:

The Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) has purchased patching machines that use a spray injection method. ODOT maintenance crews are experiencing problems with the quality of patches. Some of these crews believe the problem is a result of the emulsion and stone suppliers. The purpose of this research is to look at different emulsions and stone readily available in Ohio to determine what combination provides the best patch. Subsequently we would like to develop material specification for any that prove(s) to be beneficial. Another component of the problem ODOT is experiencing with this product is storage and logistics. An analysis of suppliers, storage locations or the feasibility of using storage tanks as well as an analysis of these tanks (rent/purchase) is also a concern for the ODOT maintenance crews.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:

The primary goal of this research is to provide ODOT maintenance crews with a cost effective way to use the spray injection equipment already part of ODOT equipment inventory. Part of the goals to reach this objective are longer lasting patches, better storage options for the emulsions, and a detailed process combining both logistics of supplies and storage.

137 Active Pooled Fund Projects

State Job Project Duration Committed FY Committed FY Ohio Total Number Project Title (months) 2014 Funding 2015 Funding Commitment Total Project Cost SPR-3(042) Aurora Program 149 $ 125,000.00 $ 4,247,500.00

Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Specific TPF-5(004) Pavements Study (SPS) Traffic Data Collection 151 $ 154,594.00 $ 3,563,361.00 Improving the Quality of Pavement Profiler TPF-5(063) Measurement 139 $ 15,000.00 $ - $ 141,600.00 $ 1,940,500.00 Second Internatinal Conference on Accelerated 0754 Pavement Testing 114 $ 5,000.00 $ 50,000.00

TPF-5(099) Evaluation of Low Cost Safety Improvements 146 $ 30,000.00 $ 3,300,000.00 Evaluation of Applications of Mechanistic TPF-5(101) Prediction Modeling Tools 81 $ 100,000.00 $ 1,420,000.00 Deer Vehicle Crash Information and Research Sol 906 (DVCIR) Center 96 $ 50,000.00 $ 355,000.00

Consortium of Accelerated Pavement Testing TPF-5(127) (CAPT) and Technical Exchange Partnership 104 $ 25,000.00 $ 225,000.00 TPF-5(135) Tire/Pavement Noise Research Consortium 104 $ 10,000.00 $ 40,000.00 $ 223,000.00 Optimal Timing of Preventive Maintenance for Addressing Environmental Aging in HMA SOL 1064 Pavements (MnROAD Study) 56 $ 75,000.00 $ 420,000.00 Mid America Freight Coalition Pooled Fund TPF-5(156) Program 81 $ 150,000.00 $ 1,400,000.00 FHWA Traffic Noise Model: Version 3.0 Software TPF-5(158) Development 70 $ 30,000.00 $ 386,500.00 Sol 1153 Technology Transfer Concrete Consortium 96 $ 33,000.00 $ 842,000.00 Investigation of Curved Girder Bridges with Integral TPF-5(169) Abutments 60 $ 37,500.00 $ 355,000.00

SOL 1152 Construction of Crack-Free Bridge Decks, Phase II 110 $ 100,000.00 $ 995,000.00 TPF-5(176) Traffic Analysis and Simulation 103 $ 200,000.00 $ 640,000.00

SOL 1216 Midwest States Pooled Fund Crash Test Program 73 $ 317,000.00 $ 3,243,483.00 Sol 1211 Urban Mobility Study 126 $ 100,000.00 $ 1,000,000.00 Support of the Transportation Curriculum TPF-5(209) Coordination Council (TCCC) 24 $ 30,000.00 $ 60,000.00 $ 1,150,000.00 Clear Roads Winter Highway Operations Pooled SOL 1235 Fund 63 $ 100,000.00 $ 2,330,000.00 Technology Transfer Intelligent Compaction Sol 1262 Consortium (TTICC) 44 $ 7,000.00 $ 7,000.00 $ 35,000.00 $ 353,000.00 Transportation Library Connectivity and 1271 Development 31 $ 15,000.00 $ 15,000.00 $ 80,000.00 $ 1,018,028.00

1272 No Boundaries Roadway Maintenance Practices 37 $ 30,000.00 $ 378,000.00 1300 Motorcycle Crash Causation Study 48 $ 150,000.00 $ 760,000.00 Field Testing Hand-held Thermographic Inspection 1291 Technologies Phase II 37 $ 60,000.00 $ 730,000.00

Relative Operational Performance of Geosynthetics 1266 Used as Subgrade Stabilization 25 $ 100,000.00 $ 633,719.00 1301 Highway Safety Manual Implementation 24 $ 20,000.00 $ 80,000.00 $ 1,096,000.00

Reorganization of Section 5, Concrete Structures, 1326 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 36 $ 20,000.00 $ 430,000.00 2014 Asset Management Conference and Training 1330 on Implementation Strategies 25 $ 10,000.00 $ 245,000.00 Web-based Traffic Data Visualization and Analysis 1335 Tools 24 $ 10,000.00 $ 20,000.00 $ 120,000.00

Total Active Project Funding: $ 107,000.00 $ 22,000.00 $ 2,458,694.00 $ 33,850,091.00

138