095 Genus Heteropsis Westwood

14th edition (2015).

Genus Heteropsis Westwood, [1850]

In: Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 323 (1: 1- 250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. Type-species: Heteropsis drepana Westwood, by monotypy.

Heteropsis narcissus. Image courtesy Jeremy Dobson.

An Afrotropical and Oriental genus containing 58 Afrotropical species. Lees et al. (2003) radically revised the taxonomy of the genus, including sinking a number of previously recognised genera to the status of subgenera (viz. Telinga Moore, 1880; Admiratio Hemming, 1964; Masoura Hemming, 1964 and Henotesia Butler, 1879). They furthermore state that there are a number of species that do not belong in any of the existing subgenera, for which names need to be given.

Note: Mycalesis anapita (Moore, 1857). This taxon, as Mycalesis menamena Mabille, 1877, a synonym of the southeast Asian M. anapita (Moore, 1857), was misattributed to the Malagasy fauna by Mabille (1877) [TL Madagascar – false locality]. Subsequently, as Henotesia menamena, it has been misattributed to the Malagasy fauna by D’Abrera (1980) and Ackery et al. (1995) (Lees, 1997; Lees et al., 2003). Clearly it should be removed as a taxon belonging to the Afrotropical fauna.

Relevant literature: Linares et al., 2009 [Applicability of DNA barcoding] Libert, 2006 [Notes]. Monte-Alegre et al., 2005 [Distribution patterns in Masoala, Madagascar].

Subgenus Heteropsis Westwood, [1850]

In: Doubleday & Westwood, [1846-52]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 323 (1: 1- 250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. Type-species: Heteropsis drepana Westwood, by monotypy.

A monobasic subgenus confined to Madagascar (Lees et al., 2003) (stat. nov.). Lees (1997) proposed a close relationship to Masoura, a morphologically based hypothesis not supported by 1 molecular data (see Torres et al., 2001).

*Heteropsis (Heteropsis) drepana Westwood, [1850]

Heteropsis drepana Westwood, [1850] in Doubleday & Westwood [1846-52]. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: 323 (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London. Heteropsis (Heteropsis) drepana Westwood, [1850]. Lees et al., 2003.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Telinga Moore, 1880 Ref? Type-species: ?

A subgenus with taxa in both the Afrotropical and Oriental regions (Lees et al., 2003).

*Heteropsis (Telinga) vola (Ward, 1870)

Mycalesis vola Ward, 1870. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 31 (30-32). Henotesia vola (Ward, 1870). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Telinga) vola (Ward, 1870). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Admiratio Hemming, 1964

Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 137 (137-138).

[Replacement name for Smithia Mabille]

= Smithia Mabille, 1880. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 173 (173-174). Type-species: Smithia paradoxa Mabille, by monotypy. [Invalid; junior homonym of Smithia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851.]

An Afrotropical subgenus containing a single species from Madagascar. Treated as a subgenus of Heteropsis by Lees et al., 2003 (stat. nov.). 2

*Heteropsis (Admiratio) paradoxa (Mabille, 1880)

Smithia paradoxa Mabille, 1880. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 173 (173-174). Admiratio paradoxa (Mabille, 1880). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Admiratio) paradoxa (Mabile, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Subgenus Masoura Hemming, 1964

Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 138 (137-138).

[Replacement name for Gallienia Oberthür.]

= Gallienia Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 205 (177-244). Type- species: Gallienia alaokola Oberthür, by subsequent designation (Viette, 1961. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 85: 358 (353-360).). [This precedes Hemming’s (1964. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 120-121) designation of Malanitis masoura Hewitson as the type species.] [Invalid; junior homonym of Gallienia Brogniart, 1896.]

An Afrotropical subgenus containing five species, all from Madagascar. Downgraded to subgeneric level by Lees et al., 2003 (stat. nov.). Based on morphological data the subgenus is monophyletic (Lees, 1997).

*Heteropsis (Masoura) ankoma (Mabille, 1878)

Mycalesis ankoma Mabille, 1878. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 8: 76 (75-77). Masoura ankoma (Mabille, 1878). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Masoura) ankoma (Mabille, 1878). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Masoura) mabillei (Butler, 1879)

3 Strabena mabillei Butler, 1879. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 227 (227-246). Synonym of Masoura ankoma (Mabille, 1878). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Masoura) mabillei (Butler, 1879). Lees et al, 2003 stat. rev., comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antananarivo”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antananarivo (TL). Habitat: Unknown (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Masoura) alaokola (Oberthür, 1916)

Gallienia alaokola Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 205 (177-244). Masoura alaokola (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Masoura) alaokola (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antsianaka et Fianarantsoa”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antsianaka (TL); Fianarantsoa (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Masoura) masoura (Hewitson, 1875)

Melanitis masoura Hewitson, 1875. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 11: 227 (226-227). Masoura masoura (Hewitson, 1875). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Masoura) masoura (Hewitson, 1875). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Unknown (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Masoura) antahala (Ward, 1872)

Mycalesis antahala Ward, 1872. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 9: 148 (147-149). Masoura antahala (Ward, 1872). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Masoura) antahala (Ward, 1872). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest margins (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

benacus Mabille, 1884 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 28: 185 4 (184-191). Madagascar. Synonymised with antahala by Lees et al., 2003. This taxon is the orange female form of Heteropsis (Masoura) antahala, and may occur together with the typical form within communal nighttime roosts (see Lees, 1997).

Subgenus Henotesia Butler, 1879

Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 228 (227-246). Type-species: Henotesia wardii Butler, by monotypy.

= Houlbertia Oberthür, 1916 Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 199 (177-244). Type-species: Houlbertia erebennis Oberthür, by subsequent designation (Viette, 1961. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 85: 358 (353-360).). [This precedes Hemming’s (1964. Annotationes lepidopterologicae (Part 4): 120 (120-121)) designation of Erebia passandava Ward as the type species.]. Synonymised with Henotesia by Lees et al., 2003 (see footnote no. 38).

An Afrotropical subgenus containing 11 species, and confined to Madagascar. Downgraded to subgeneric level by Lees et al., 2003. (stat. rev.). For details see Lees, 1997. This clade is supported by both morphological (Lees, 1997) and molecular (Torres et al., 2001) datasets.

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) narova (Mabille, 1877)

Mycalesis narova Mabille, 1877. Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2: 158 (157-158). Houlbertia narova (Mabille, 1877). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Henotesia) narova (Mabille, 1877). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) erebina (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa erebina Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 224 (177-244). Henotesia erebina (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995: 298. Houlbertia erebina (Oberthür, 1916). D’Abrera, 1997: 228 comb. n. Heteropsis (Henotesia) erebina (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antakares, d’Isokitra à Diégo-Suarez [Antsiranana], au Norde de l’île de Madagascar”. Distribution: Madagascar (north). Specific localities: Madagascar – Antsiranana (TL).

5 Habitat: Forest and forest margins (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

grandis Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 227 (177-244). Madagascar: “Antakares”. Synonymised with erebina by Lees et al. (2003).

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) anganavo (Ward, 1871)

Mycalesis anganavo Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 122 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122). Henotesia anganavo (Ward, 1871). Ackery et al., 1995: 297. Houlbertia anganavo (Ward, 1871). D’Abrera, 1997: 228 comb. n. Heteropsis (Henotesia) anganavo (Ward, 1871). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Fianarantsoa (Butler, 1878); Foulepointe (Mabille, 1880). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

perdita Butler, 1878 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 2: 283 (283-297). Madagascar: “Fianarantsoa”. Synonymised with anganavo by Lees et al., 2003. This is the male dry-season form of H. anganavo (Lees et al., 2003).

wardii Butler, 1879 (as sp. of Henotesia). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 229 (227-246). [Invalid; unjustified replacement name for Mycalesis anganavo Ward.]

cingulina Mabille, 1880 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 23: 105 (104-109). Madagascar: “dans la partie N.E. de l’ile, à Foulpoint [Foulepointe]. Synonymised with H. anganavo by Lees et al., 2003. This is the male wet-season form of H. anganavo (Lees et al., 2003).

marmorata Aurivillius, 1911 in Seitz, 1908-25 (as ab. of Henotesia andravahana). Die Gross- Schmetterlinge der Erde, Stuttgart (2) 13 Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter: 100 (614 pp.). Madagascar.

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) erebennis Oberthür, 1916

Houlbertia erebennis Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 201 (177-244). Heteropsis (Henotesia) erebennis (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Sainte-Marie de Madagascar”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Sainte-Marie (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) passandava (Ward, 1871)

6 Erebia passandava Ward, 1871. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 8: 122 (34-36, 58-60, 81-82, 118-122). Heteropsis (Henotesia) passandava (Ward, 1871). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Fito (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

fitensis Oberthür, 1916 (as female var. of Culapa iboina). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 211 (177-244). Madagascar: “Fito”. Synonymised with H. passandava by Lees et al., 2003. This is the female of H. passandava (Lees et al., 2003).

andrivola Mabille, 1877 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2: 157 (157-158). Madagascar. Synonymised with H. passandava by Lees et al., 2003. This is the male dry-season form of H. passandava (Lees et al., 2003).

masikora Mabille, 1877 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2: 157 (157-158). Madagascar. Synonymised with H. passandava by Lees et al., 2003. This is the male dry-season form of H. passandava (Lees et al., 2003).

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) difficilis (Mabille, 1880)

Mycalesis difficilis Mabille, 1880. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 23: 109 (104-109). Synonym of Henotesia anganavo (Ward). Ackery et al., 1995: 297. Heteropsis (Henotesia) difficilis (Mabille, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Dans la partie N.-E. de l’ile à Foulpointe”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Foulpointe (TL); Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916); Fianarantsoa (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

macrophthalma Oberthür, 1916 (as female var. of Henotesia andravahana). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 205 (177-244). Madagascar. Given as a synonym of Henotesia anganavo (Ward) by Ackery et al., 1995: 297. Treated as a valid species of Houlbertia by D’Abrera, 1997: 228. Synonymised with Heteropsis difficilis (Mabille) by Lees et al., 2003. This is the female of H. difficilis (Lees et al., 2003).

undulosa Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Henotesia). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 202 (177-244). Madagascar: “Antsianaka et Fianarantsoa”. Given as a species of Henotesia by Ackery et al., 1995: 300. Treated as a species of Houlbertia by D’Abrera, 1997: 228. Synonymised with Heteropsis difficilis (Mabille) by Lees et al., 2003. This is the male of H. difficilis (Lees et al., 2003).

luctuosa Oberthür, 1916 (as var. of Henotesia undulosa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 203 (177-244). Madagascar. This is a male form of H. difficilis (Lees et al., 2003).

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) obscura (Oberthür, 1916)

Henotesia obscura Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 203 (177-244). Henotesia obscura Oberthür, 1916. Ackery et al., 1995. 7 Synonym of Houlbertia undulosa (Oberthür, 1916). D’Abrera, 1997: 228. Heteropsis (Henotesia) obscura (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 stat. n., comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Fito et Tamatave [Toamasina]”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Toamasina (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

variegata Oberthür, 1916 (as var. of Henotesia obscura). This name was omitted by Ackery et al., 1995. It was represented as the legend to plate 365 in Oberthür (1916: 40).

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) wardii (Mabille, 1877)

Mycalesis wardii Mabille, 1877. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 7: 73 (71-73). Houlbertia wardii (Mabille, 1877). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis (Henotesia) wardii (Mabille, 1877). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) strato (Mabille, 1878)

Mycalesis strato Mabille, 1878. ? Ref. Heteropsis (Henotesia) strato (Mabille, 1878). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest and forest margins (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) viettei Lees, 2003

Heteropsis (Henotesia) viettei Lees, 2003. In: Goodman, S.M. & Benstead, J.P. [Eds] 2003. The Natural History of Madagascar. Replacement name for Culapa wardii Mabille, 1877.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest and forest margins (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: This species corresponds to “Henotesia 13” in some recent publications (Lees 1997; Lees et al., 1999: 552, 554).

*Heteropsis (Henotesia) andravahana (Mabille, 1878)

Mycalesis andravahana Mabille, 1878. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 3: 82 (81-95). Heteropsis (Henotesia) andravahana (Mabille, 1878). Lees et al, 2003 stat. rev., comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees, et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Species of Heteropsis not currently assigned to a specific subgenus.

*Heteropsis comorana (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa comorana Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 219 (177-244). Henotesia comorana (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis comorana (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Comoro Islands: “Grande Comore”. Distribution: Comoro Islands. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Heteropsis comorana comorana (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa comorana Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 219 (177-244). Henotesia comorana (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis comorana comorana (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Comoro Islands: “Grande Comore”. Distribution: Comoro Islands (Grand Comore Island).

Heteropsis comorana subrufa (Turlin, 1994)

Culapa subrufa Turlin, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 373 (372-389). Heteropsis comorana subrufa (Turlin, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n., stat. rev.

Type locality: Comoro Islands: “lac Dzialandzé, 900m centre de l’île d’Anjouan, Comores, 8.IV.1994.” Holotype in MNHN, Paris. Distribution: Comoro Islands (Anjouan Island). Specific localities: Comoro Islands – Lake Dzialandze (TL).

9 *Heteropsis fuliginosa (Mabille, 1878)

Mycalesis fuliginosa Mabille, 1878. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 3: 81 (81-95). Henotesia fuliginosa (Mabille, 1878). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis fuliginosa (Mabille, 1878). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Parc National de Ranomafana (Kremen, 1994); Anjozorobe forest east of Antananarivo (Lees et al., 2003). Known only from these two localities, the latter being a highly threatened montane forest (Lees et al., 2003). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis exocellata (Mabille, 1880)

Mycalesis exocellata Mabille, 1880. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 343 (291-348). Henotesia exocellata (Mabille, 1880). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis exocellata (Mabille, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916); Mount Tsaratanana (Paulian, 1951); Ambositra (Paulian, 1951). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

antsianakana Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 218 (177-244). Madagascar: “Antsianaka”.

andasibe Lees, 2003 (as replacement name for Culapa antsianakana Oberthür, 1916). In: Goodman, S.M. & Benstead, J.P. [Eds] 2003. The Natural History of Madagascar. Synonymised with exocellata by Lees et al. (2003).

aberrans Paulian, 1951 (as sp. of Henotesia). Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (A) 6: 392 (387-394). Madagascar: “Mt. Tsaratanana”. Synonymised with exocellata by Lees et al. (2003).

benedicta Paulian, 1951 (as sp. of Henotesia). Mémoires de l’Institut Scientifique de Madagascar (A) 6: 394 (387-394). Madagascar: “Madagascar-Centre: environs d’Ambositra”. Synonymised with exocellata by Lees et al. (2003).

*Heteropsis cowani (Butler, 1880)

Pseudonympha cowani Butler, 1880. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 5: 334 (333-344, 384-395). Henotesia cowani (Butler, 1880). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis cowani (Butler, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “At Fianarantsoa, Madagascar”. Distribution: Madagascar. Endemic to forests near Fianarantsoa (Lees et al., 2003). 10 Specific localities: Madagascar – Fianarantsoa (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

houlbertiana Oberthür, 1923 (as sp. of Culpa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 21: 127 (119-155). Madagascar: “Fianarantsoa”. Synonymised with cowani by Lees et al., 2003.

*Heteropsis ankaratra (Ward, 1870)

Erebia ankaratra Ward, 1870. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 30 (30-32). Henotesia ankaratra (Ward, 1870). Ackery et al. 1995. Heteropsis ankaratra (Ward, 1870). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Unnatural grassland (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

sakalava Saalmüller, 1878 (as sp. of Yphthima [sic]). Bericht über die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1878: 79 (71-96). Madagascar: “Madagaskar”.

loucoubensis Saalmüller, 1878 (as sp. of Yphthima [sic]). Bericht über die Senckenbergischen Naturforschen Gesellschaft 1878: 80 (71-96). Madagascar: “Madagaskar”.

*Heteropsis narcissus (Fabricius, 1798)

Heteropsis narcissus male upperside. Image courtesy Jeremy Dobson.

Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798. Supplementum entomologiae systematica 428 (572 pp.). Hafniae. Henotesia narcissus (Fabricius, 1798). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis narcissus (Fabricius, 1798). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis narcissus narcissus. Male (Wingspan 33 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Black River Gorges, Mauritius. 14 April 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Heteropsis narcissus narcissus. Female (Wingspan 34 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Ramgoolam Botanical Garden, Mauritius. 29 December 2006. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Mauritius?]: “Cap Bon. Spei”. [False locality.] Distribution: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Comoro Islands. Erroneously rcorded from South Africa by Trimen, 1866a (MCW). Habitat: Forest margins, unnatural grasslands and anthropogenic environments (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages:

Manders, 1908 [ssp. narcissus; Mauritius].

Roos, 2003 [ssp. fraterna; Madagascar].

Larval food: Bambusa species (Poaceae) [Manders, 1908]. (other) Poaceae [Manders, 1908]. References Balleto & Lees, 2012 [Proposed conservation of specific name].

Note: Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1798 is a junior primary homonym of Papilio narcissus Fabricius, 1779, an Australian species of Hypochrysops (Lycaenidae). Mycalesis fraterna Butler, 1879 is the next available name but requires a submission to be made to the Commission (Code of Zoological Nomenclature) in order to be validated. This was done in 2012 (see reference above).

Heteropsis narcissus narcissus (Fabricius, 1798)

Heteropsis narcissus narcissus. Male (Wingspan 33 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Black River Gorges, Mauritius. 14 April 2009. J. Dobson. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Type locality: [Mauritius?]: “Cap Bon. Spei”. [False locality.] Distribution: Mauritius. Specific localities: Mauritius – Common throughout, especially in shady spots in woods and gardens (Davis & Barnes, 1991).

Heteropsis narcissus fraterna (Butler, 1868)

Mycalesis fraterna Butler, 1868. Catalogue of diurnal lepidoptera of the family Satyridae in the collection of the British Museum 145 (211 pp.). London. Henotesia narcissus fraterna (Butler, 1868). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis narcissus fraterna (Butler, 1868). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar, Comoro Islands (Anjouan only (Davis & Barnes, 1991)). Specific localities: Madagascar – Nosy Be (Saalmüller, 1884).

evanescens Saalmüller, 1884 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Abhandungen hrsg. Von der Senskenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 17: 91 (1-246). Madagascar: “N.-B. [Nosy Be]”.

Heteropsis narcissus borbonica (Oberthür, 1916)

13 Culapa borbonica Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 232 (177-244). Henotesia borbonica (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis narcissus borbonica (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n., stat. rev.

Type locality: Reunion: “l’île Bourbon”. Distribution: Reunion.

Heteropsis narcissus comorensis (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa comorensis Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 229 (177-244). Henotesia comorensis (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis narcissus comorensis (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n., stat. rev.

Type locality: Comoro Islands: “îles Comores”. Distribution: Comoro Islands (Anjouan and Moheli (Turlin, 1994)).

Heteropsis narcissus salimi (Turlin, 1994)

Culapa comorensis salimi Turlin, 1993 and Turlin, 1994. Lambillionea 93 (4) (Tome I): 361 (345-361) and Lambillionea 94 (3) (Tome II): 375 (372-389). Heteropsis narcissus salimi (Turlin, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Comoro Islands: “Grand Comore, 4/5 km Est de Nioumbadjou Bandalamadji, 640m, 15/18.III.1980 P. Viette.” Holotype in MNHN, Paris. Distribution: Comoro Islands (Grand Comore). Specific localities: Comoro Islands – Nioumbadjou Bandalamadji (TL).

Heteropsis narcissus mayottensis (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa mayottensis Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 228 (177-244). Henotesia mayottensis (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis narcissus mayottensis (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n., stat. rev.

Type locality: Comoro Islands: “l’île Mayotte”. Distribution: Comoro Islands (Mayotte).

*Heteropsis bicristata (Mabille, 1878)

Mycalesis bicristata Mabille, 1878. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 3: 81 (81-95). Henotesia bicristata (Mabille, 1878). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis bicristata (Mabille, 1878). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “E parte orientali insulae Madagascar”. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis parvidens (Mabille, 1880)

Mycalesis parvidens Mabille, 1880. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 342 (291-348). Henotesia parvidens (Mabille, 1880). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis parvidens (Mabille, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis avelona (Ward, 1870)

Mycalesis avelona Ward, 1870. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 31 (30-32). Henotesia avelona (Ward, 1870). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis avelona (Ward, 1870). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

oxypteron Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 209 (177-244). Madagascar. Synonymised with avelona by Lees et al., 2003.

*Heteropsis uniformis (Oberthür, 1916)

Heteropsis uniformis male underside. Image courtesy Raimund Schutte.

Culapa uniformis Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 209 (177-244). Henotesia uniformis (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis uniformis (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Fito, Tamatave [Toamasina], Antakares”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Fito (TL); Toamasina (Oberthür, 1916); Antakares (Oberthür, 1916); Perinet Montadia forest and degraded surrounds, undergrowth in Eucalyptus plantation (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Habits: A common resident in the wet undergrowth (R. Schutte, pers. comm. April 2010). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis iboina (Ward, 1870)

Mycalesis iboina Ward, 1870. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 31 (30-32). Henotesia iboina (Ward, 1870). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis iboina (Ward, 1870). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest and forest margins (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis parva (Butler, 1879)

Culapa parva Butler, 1879. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 227 (227-246). Henotesia parva (Butler, 1879). Ackery, et al., 1995. Heteropsis parva (Butler, 1879). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antananarivo”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antananarivo (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

irrorata Mabille, 1880 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 343 (291-348). Madagascar.

*Heteropsis subsimilis (Butler, 1879)

Pseudonympha subsimilis Butler, 1879. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 228 (227-246). Henotesia subsimilis (Butler, 1879). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis subsimilis (Butler, 1879). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Fianarantsoa”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities:

16 Madagascar – Fianarantsoa (TL); Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

undulata Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 221 (177-244). Madagascar: “Antsianaka”. Synonymised with Heteropsis subsimilis by Lees et al., 2003.

*Heteropsis pauper (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa pauper Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 222 (177-244). Henotesia pauper (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis pauper (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antakares et Antsianaka”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antakares (TL); Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

pseudonarcissus Oberthür, 1916 (as var. of Culapa pauper). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 223 (177-244). [Madagascar] “Java” [False locality]. Synonymised with Heteropsis pauper by Lees et al., 2003. A dry-season form of H. pauper (Lees et al., 2003).

*Heteropsis ankova (Ward, 1870)

Mycalesis ankova Ward, 1870. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 7: 31 (30-32). Henotesia ankova (Ward, 1870). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis ankova (Ward, 1870). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis turbata (Butler, 1880)

Pseudonympha turbata Butler, 1880. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 5: 334 (333-344, 384-395). Henotesia turbata (Butler, 1880). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis turbata (Butler, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Fianarantsoa”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Fianarantsoa (TL); Emyme Region (Oberthür, 1916); Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Natural grasslands (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published. 17

ornata Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 216 (177-244). Madagascar: “Région de l’Emyrne et d’Antsianaka”.

*Heteropsis pallida (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa pallida Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 215 (177-244). Henotesia pallida (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis pallida (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antsianaka”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antsianaka (TL). Habitat: Unknown (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis strigula (Mabille, 1877)

Mycalesis strigula Mabille, 1877. Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques 2: 158 (157-158). Henotesia strigula (Mabille, 1877). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis strigula (Mabille, 1877). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Fito (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest and forest margins (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

wardiana Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 216 (177-244). Madagascar. Synonymised with H. strigula by Lees et al., 2003.

ankovana Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 219 (177-244). Madagascar: “Fito”. Synonymised with H. strigula by Lees et al., 2003.

*Heteropsis maeva (Mabille, 1878)

Mycalesis maeva Mabille, 1878. Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France 3: 82 (81-95). Henotesia maeva (Mabille, 1878). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis maeva (Mabille, 1878). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar. Distribution: Madagascar. Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis laeta (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa laeta Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 228 (177-244). Henotesia laeta (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis laeta (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antakares”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antakares (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis laetifica (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa laetifica Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 227 (177-244). Henotesia laetifica (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis laetifica (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

*Heteropsis undulans (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa undulans Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 220 (177-244). Henotesia undulans (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis undulans (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al., 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Fito et Antsianaka”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Fito (TL); Antsianaka (Oberthür, 1916). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis anceps (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa anceps Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 212 (177-244). Henotesia anceps (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis anceps (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antsianaka”. 19 Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antsianaka (TL). Habitat: Unknown (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis angulifascia (Butler, 1879)

Pseudonympha angulifascia Butler, 1879. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (5) 4: 228 (227-246). Henotesia angulifascia (Butler, 1879). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis angulifascia (Butler, 1879). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

butleri Mabille, 1880 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (5) 9: 343 (291- 348). Madagascar.

*Heteropsis turbans (Oberthür, 1916)

Culapa turbans Oberthür, 1916. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 213 (177-244). Henotesia turbans (Oberthür, 1916). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis turbans (Oberthür, 1916). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Antsianaka”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: Madagascar – Antsianaka (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

curvatula Oberthür, 1916 (as sp. of Culapa). Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 11: 217 (177-244). Madagascar: “Antsianaka et jusqu ‘au lac Alaotra”. Synonymised with Heteropsis turbans by Lees et al., 2003. It is a seasonal form of H. turbans (Lees et al., 2003).

*Heteropsis sabas (Oberthür, 1923)

Culapa sabas Oberthür, 1923. Études de Lépidoptérologie Comparée 21: 127 (119-155). Henotesia sabas (Oberthür, 1923). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis sabas (Oberthür, 1923). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Madagascar: “Tamatave [Toamasina]”. Distribution: Madagascar. Specific localities: 20 Madagascar – Toamasina (TL). Habitat: Forest (Lees et al., 2003). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis angolensis (Kielland, 1994)

Henotesia angolensis Kielland, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome II): 245 (235-273). Heteropsis angolensis (Kielland, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Angola: “Bango, Dr Ansorge (no date).” Holotype in Natural History Museum, London. Distribution: Angola. Specific localities: Angola – Bango (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis centralis (Aurivillius, 1903)

Henotesia centralis Aurivillius, 1903. Arkiv för Zoologi 1: 246 (245-254). Heteropsis centralis (Aurivillius, 1903). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis centralis. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 40mm. 48 km east of Mwinilunga, Zambia. 3 January, 1982. M.W. Gardiner (Gardiner Collection).

Heteropsis centralis. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 42mm. Zambezi rapids, Ikelenge, N.W. Province, Zambia. 28.12.83. A.J. Gardiner (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Congogebiet: Katanga”. Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (south-east – Shaba), Zambia. Specific localities: Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); 40 km east of Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); 48 km east of Mwinilunga (male illustrated above); Zambezi Rapids (female illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

haroldi Druce, 1905 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1905: 252 (251-262). [Democratic Republic of Congo], not Zambia (see Cookson, 1954): “North-western Rhodesia”.

*Heteropsis eliasis (Hewitson, [1866])

Mycalesis eliasis Hewitson, 1866 in Hewitson 1862-6. Illustrations of new species of exotic butterflies 3: 91 (124 pp.). London. Henotesia eliasis (Hewitson, 1866). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis eliasis (Hewitson, 1866). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “Congo”. Distribution: Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas-Zaire). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis elisi (Karsch, 1893) Western Patroller

Mycalesis elisi Karsch, 1893. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 209 (1-266). Henotesia elisi (Karsch, 1893). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis elisi (Karsch, 1893). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Togo: “Adaida; Bismarkburg”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Tanzania. Habitat: The nominate subspecies is found in dense Guinea savanna and on the margins of semi-deciduous forest, in hilly country (Larsen, 2005a). Subspecies uluguru occurs in open grassland and shrub but is

22 absent from forest. It is found at altitudes from 1 000 to 1 400 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: The nominate subspecies is uncommon and has a patchy distribution. It has been recorded visiting a fruit-baited trap (Larsen, 2005a). The behaviour is similar to that of common savanna species of Bicyclus (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Heteropsis elisi elisi (Karsch, 1893)

Mycalesis elisi Karsch, 1893. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 38: 209 (1-266). Henotesia elisi elisi (Karsch, 1893). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis elisi elisi (Karsch, 1893). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Togo: “Adaida; Bismarkburg”. Distribution: Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo. Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Sierra Leone – Loma Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Likpe in the Volta Region (Maessen, vide Larsen, 2005a); Kyabobo National Park (Larsen, 2005a). Togo – Adaida (TL); Bismarckburg (Karsch, 1893).

evanida Thurau, 1903 (as var. of Henotesia elisi). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 124 (117-143). Togo: “Bismarkburg”.

Heteropsis elisi tanzanica (Kielland, 1994)

Henotesia elisi tanzanica Kielland, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome II): 250 (235-273). Heteropsis elisi tanzanica (Kielland, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Morogoro, Uluguru Mts., Morningside, 1100m, 3.XII.1982, J. Kielland.” Holotype in Natural History Museum, London. Distribution: Tanzania (Bondwa Mountain).

Note: It would appear that tanzanica Kielland 1994 may be a synonym of uluguru Kielland 1990. Larsen (2005a) doubts that tanzanica is conspecific with elisi because of the large geographic disjunction between their distributions and because of the differences between their genitalia.

Heteropsis elisi uluguru (Kielland, 1990)

Henotesia elisi uluguru Kielland, 1990. Butterflies of Tanzania 83 (363 pp.). Melbourne. Illustrated on plate 18 but not described. Heteropsis elisi uluguru (Kielland, 1990). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Uluguru Mts. in eastern Tanzania ... northern side of Bondwa Mt., middway [sic] up the slope (1000-1400 m.)”. Distribution: Tanzania (east – Uluguru Mountains).

23 *Heteropsis ochracea (Lathy, 1906)

Henotesia ochracea Lathy, 1906. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1906: 1 (1-10). Heteropsis ochracea (Lathy, 1906). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Angola: “Bihé District, Angola”. Distribution: Angola (central plateau). Specific localities: Angola – Benguella (Weymer, 1908); Upper Cubango-Cunene Watershed (Talbot, 1932). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

wellmanni Weymer, 1908 (as sp. of Henotesia). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1908: 507 (507-513). Angola: “Benguella”.

semiochracea Talbot, 1932 (as f. of Henotesia ochracea). Bulletin of the Hill Museum, Witley 4: 174 (170- 177). Angola: “South-Central Angola: Upper Cubango-Cunene Watershed”.

*Heteropsis perspicua (Trimen, 1873)# Marsh Patroller

Male Eyed Bush Browns (Heteropsis perspicua). Images courtesy Allison Sharp (left) and Steve Woodhall (right).

Mycalesis perspicua Trimen, 1873. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 104 (101-124). Mycalesis perspicua Trimen, 1873. Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Henotesia perspicua Trimen. Swanepoel, 1953a. Henotesia perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Henotesia perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Pringle et al., 1994: 52. Henotesia perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis perspicua perspicua. Male (wet season form) (Wingspan 40 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 21 December 1997. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Heteropsis perspicua perspicua. Female (wet season form) (Wingspan 45 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Witpoortjie, Gauteng, South Africa. 8 February 1964. W. Henning. Images M.C. Williams ex Henning Collection.

Heteropsis perspicua perspicua. Female (dry season form) (Wingspan 47 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Rustenburg N.R., North West, South Africa. 29 April 1998. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.

Alternative common names: Eyed Bush Brown; Swamp Patroller. Type locality: [South Africa]: “Natal and St. Lucia Bay”. Distribution: Cameroon, Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland. Habitat: Savanna; especially along the banks of streams and rivers. In Tanzania at altitudes from sea-level to 2 150 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: Flies low down, with a bobbing flight, among long grass, mostly on the shady banks of streams and rivers (Pringle et al., 1994). Attracted to fermenting fruit (Van Son, 1955). Flight period: All year, with indistinct seasonal forms.

25 Early stages:

Clark, in Van Son, 1955: 44 [as Henotesia perspicua]. Egg – laid singly on a blade of grass; 1 mm diameter by 0,9 mm high; flattened at base; watery white when laid becoming very pale yellow; surface covered with fine netting tracery composed of irregular triangles, quadrilaterals and pentagons. First instar larva – consumes none to all of egg shell after eclosion; whitish, turning green after feeding begins but leaving ventral portions yellowish white; head pitch black; all spines above and on ridge-line black, lightening towards ends and terminating in a small white blob, much reduced on final segment; a faint thin white lateral line develops on second day; when disturbed larva clings to its web with posterior three prolegs and thrashes violently from side to side. Second instar larva – head with two horns and, on each side, four white conical moles; very pale salmon; dorsal line brownish; subdorsal line slightly paler; lateral line grey; ridge dirty white and reddish above; head pale yellow with pale salmon or greenish cream; thrashing reflex still ellicited when disturbed. Third instar larva – similar to previous; dorsal stripe slightly darker. Fourth instar larva – dorsal line greenish brown; subdorsal line very pale yellow; both lines darkening on first and last three segments; lateral line greenish; ridge white and faintly green above; head yellowish white with pale salmon; moles on head less conspicuous. Fifth (final) instar – at first like fourth but on nearing pupation turns watery green; larval stage about 35 days. Pupa – at first unicolorous, developing white edges to wing cases, bordered by thin dark grey; a white edge over palpi; pupal stage about 17 days.

Egg, final instar larva and pupa of Heteropsis perspicua. Images courtesy Allison Sharp.

Larval food: Ehrharta erecta Lam. (Poaceae) [Clark, in Dickson & Kroon, 1978: 37]. Grass (Poaceae) [Clark, in Van Son, 1955: 44]. Panicum maximum Jacq. (Poaceae) [Dickson, in Pringle et al., 1994: 53]. Pennisetum clandestinum Hoschst. ex Chiov. (Poaceae) [Williams, in Pringle et al., 1994: 53; in captivity].

Heteropsis perspicua perspicua (Trimen, 1873)#

Mycalesis perspicua Trimen, 1873. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1873: 104 (101-124). Mycalesis perspicua Trimen, 1873. Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Henotesia perspicua Trimen. Swanepoel, 1953a. Henotesia perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Henotesia perspicua perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Pringle et al., 1994: 52. Henotesia perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis perspicua (Trimen, 1873). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: [South Africa]: “Natal and St. Lucia Bay”. Distribution: Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia (north), Botswana, South Africa (Limpopo River, Mpumalanga, North West Province, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape Province), Swaziland. Specific localities: Tanzania – Throughout, in suitable habitats (Kielland, 1990d); Mkulumuzi (Strand, 1910); Sigi (Strand, 1910); Amani (Strand, 1910); Mohoro (Strand, 1910). Malawi – Mt Mulanje (Congdon et al., 2010); Zomba Mountain (Congdon et al., 2010). Zambia – Katondwe (Dening); Sumbu (Heath et al., 2002); Mbala (Heath et al., 2002); Kalombo Falls (Heath et al., 2002).

27 Mozambique – Mount Chiperone (Timberlake et al., 2007); Njesi Plateau (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Inago (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mecula [-12.0772 37.6297] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013); Mt Yao [-12.4432 36.5114] (Congdon & Bayliss, 2013). Botswana – Junction of the Marico and Limpopo rivers (Trimen, 1887). Limpopo Province – Warmbaths (Swanepoel, 1953); Waterberg (Swanepoel, 1953); Potgietersrus (Swanepoel, 1953); Polokwane (Van Son, 1955); Doorndraai Dam Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Percy Fyfe Nature Reserve (Warren, 1990); Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve (“Malta Forest”); Highlands Wilderness (Bode & Bode, unpublished checklist); Soetdoring Farm [-24.561 28.233] (A. Mayer, pers comm. 2015); Bateleur Nature Reserve (Williams & Dobson, unpub., 2015). Mpumalanga – Waterval Onder (Van Son, 1955); Barberton (Van Son, 1955); Malelane (Van Son, 1955); Nelspruit (Van Son, 1955); Mariepskop area (male illustrated above); Sterkspruit Nature Reserve (Williams); Buffelskloof Nature Reserve (Williams). North West Province – Marico River (Swanepoel, 1953); Magaliesberg (Swanepoel, 1953); Brits (Swanepoel, 1953); Kgaswane Mountain Reserve (female illustrated above); Mountain Sanctuary N.R. (Williams); Utopia Resort (C. Dobson, 2006); Borakalalo Nature Reserve (J. Dobson, unpublished, 2009). Gauteng – Krugersdorp (Swanepoel, 1953); Pretoria District (Swanepoel, 1953). KwaZulu-Natal – St Lucia (Trimen, 1873); Umkomaas (Swanepoel, 1953); Durban (Swanepoel, 1953); Pinetown (Swanepoel, 1953); Tugela (Van Son, 1955); Singerton (Pringle et al., 1994); Muden (Pringle et al., 1994); Isipingo (Pringle et al., 1994); Ingwenya (Pringle et al., 1994); Port Shepstone (Pringle et al., 1994); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002); Ndumo Nature Reserve (Pringle & Kyle, 2002). Eastern Cape Province – Port St Johns (Van Son, 1955). Swaziland – Mlawula N. R. (www.sntc.org.sz).

maevius Staudinger, 1887 in Staudinger & Schatz, 1884-8 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Exotischer Schmetterlinge 1: 229 (333 pp.). Bayern. South Africa: “Transvaal”.

submaevius Strand, 1910 (as ab. of Henotesia perspicua). Societas Entomologica 25: 6 (5-6). Tanzania: “Mkulumuzi, Sigi, Amani, Mohoro”.

amanica Strand, 1910 (as ab. of Henotesia perspicua). Societas Entomologica 25: 6 (5-6). Tanzania: “Mkulumuzi, Sigi, Amani, Mohoro”.

Heteropsis perspicua camerounica (Kielland, 1994)

Henotesia perspicua camerounica Kielland, 1994. Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome II): 242 (235-273). Heteropsis perspicua camerounica (Kielland, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Cameroon: “N. Cameroun, Gendera, 4600', Aug. 1921.” Holotype in Natural History Museum, London. Distribution: Cameroon (north). Specific localities: Cameroon – Gendera (TL).

*Heteropsis phaea (Karsch, 1894)

Mycalesis phaea Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 232 (209-240). Henotesia phaea (Karsch, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis phaea (Karsch, 1894). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis phaea phaea. Male DSF. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 39mm. Zambia, Copperbelt Province, South Mutundu, near Mufulira. 1250 m. 30-V-1981. M.A. Newport (Newport Collection).

Heteropsis phaea phaea. Male WSF. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 41mm. Zambia, Copperbelt Province, South Mutundu River, nr Mufulira. 1250 m. 17-IV-1981. M.A. Newport (Newport Collection).

Heteropsis phaea phaea. Female DSF. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 40mm. Zambia, Copperbelt Province, South Mutundu River, nr Mufulira. 1250 m. 19-VI-1983. M.A. Newport (Newport Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Quango; Central afrika”. Distribution: Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia. Habitat: Open Brachystegia woodland (Kielland, 1990d). 29 Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Heteropsis phaea phaea (Karsch, 1894)

Mycalesis phaea Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 232 (209-240). Henotesia phaea phaea (Karsch, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis phaea phaea Karsch, 1894). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Quango; Central afrika”. Distribution: Gabon, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (east and south), Uganda, Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west), Zambia. Specific localities: Gabon – Tchibanga (van de Weghe, 2010). Democratic Republic of Congo – Quango (TL); Lusinga River (Overlaet, 1955); Elisabethville (Overlaet, 1955); Lupweshi River (Overlaet, 1955). Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (S. Forbes, pers. comm., 2015). Kenya – South Kavirondo (Larsen, 1991c); Kakamega (Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Ngara District (Kielland, 1990d); Bukoba District (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Solwezi (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Ndola (Heath et al., 2002); 60 km south of Kawambwa (Heath et al., 2002); Mporokoso (Heath et al., 2002); Misamfu, Kasama (Heath et al., 2002); South Mutundu, near Mufulira (males and female illustrated above).

albata Overlaet, 1955 (as f. of Henotesia phaea katangensis). Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 19 (1-106). Democratic Republic of Congo: “l’Upemba, riv. Lusinga, 1.760 m; Lusinga, galerie; Elisabethville (et riv. Karavia)”.

katangensis Overlaet, 1955 (as ssp. of Henotesia phaea). Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 19 (1-106). Democratic Republic of Congo: “riv. Lupweshi.” Synonymized with H. phaea phaea by Libert, 2006.

Heteropsis phaea ignota (Libert, 2006)

Henotesia phaea ignota Libert, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 179 (167-180).

Type locality: Democratic Republic of Congo: “?”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo.

*Heteropsis simonsii (Butler, 1877) Pale Patroller

Mycalesis simonsii Butler, 1877. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 19: 458 (458-462).

31 Mycalesis simonsii Butler, 1877. Trimen & Bowker, 1887a. Henotesia simonsii (Butler, 1877). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Henotesia simonsii (Butler, 1877). Pringle et al., 1994: 53. Henotesia simonsii (Butler, 1877). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis simonsii (Butler, 1877). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis simonsii. Male (dry season form) (Wingspan 38 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Headlands, Zimbabwe. 26 September 1999. I. Coetzer. Images M.C. Williams ex Dobson Collection.

Heteropsis simonsii. Female (dry season form). Left – upperside; right – underside. Keso Falls, Lufubu River, Zambia. 8 July 1978. I. Bampton. Images M.C. Williams ex Henning Collection.

Alternative common name: Pale Bush Brown. Type locality: “Lake Nyassa”. Diagnosis: The wet-season form of H. simonsii is very similar to H. perspicua. It can be differentiated by the ocellate spots on the underside of the wings – in simonsii these spots are fuscous brown, encircled by distinct whitish rings; in perspicua the ocelli are reddish brown and lack the encircling rings (Pringle, et al., 1994). Distribution: Tanzania (south and west), Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba), Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia (Caprivi), Botswana, South Africa (Limpopo Province – extreme north). Specific localities: Tanzania – West, south, central and eastern parts (Kielland, 1990d); Uluguru Mountains (Kielland, 1990d). Democratic Republic of Congo – Upemba National Park (Overlaet, 1955). Malawi – Langenburg (Thurau, 1903). Zambia – Katambora (Heath et al., 2002); Kafwala, Kafue National Park (Heath et al., 2002); Victoria Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Chiawa (Heath et al., 2002); Chingola (Heath et al., 2002); Mpongwe (Heath et al., 2002); Kapiri Mposhi (Heath et al., 2002); Lusaka (Heath et al., 2002); Rufunsa Valley (Heath et al., 2002); Mkushi River (Heath et al., 2002); Misamfu, Kasama (Heath et al., 2002); Chinsali (Heath et al., 2002); Kalambo Falls (Heath et al., 2002); Luwimbu Valley

32 (Kielland, 1994); Luangwa (Kielland, 1994); Lutema (Kielland, 1994); Mwangwa (Kielland, 1994); Luembwa River (Kielland, 1994); Fort Jameson, Chipata (Kielland, 1994); Kashitu (Kielland, 1994); Nyamadsi (Kielland, 1994). Zimbabwe – near Victoria Falls (Westwood, 1881); Lundi River (male DSF illustrated above). Botswana – Kabulabula (Van Son, 1936); Mpandama-Tenga (R. Plowes vide Larsen, 1991l). Habitat: Savanna; on grassy valley slopes, often near streams and rivers (Pringle et al., 1994). In Tanzania it is found at altitudes from 400 to 2 000 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: The flight is low down and skipping (Kielland, 1990d). Both sexes are attracted to fermenting fruit (Pringle et al., 1994). Flight period: All year, with very distinct seasonal forms. The wet-season form flies from November to April and the dry-season form from May to October. Intermediates are sometimes seen in April and May (Pringle et al., 1994). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

birsha Hewitson, 1877 (as sp. of Mycalesis). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 107 (107-108). “Lake Nyassa”.

victorina Westwood, 1881 (as sp. of Mycalesis). In: Oates, F., Matabeleland and the Victoria Falls, 1st edition: 350 (331-365). London. Zimbabwe: “Near the Victoria Falls”.

lacus Thurau, 1903 (as var. of Henotesia simonsii). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 125 (117-143). Malawi: “Langenburg, N.-Nyassa-See”.

subolivacea Overlaet, 1955 (as f. of Henotesia teratia). Exploration du Parc National de l’Upemba 27: 20 (1-106). Democratic Republic of Congo: “Parc National de l’Upemba”.

*Heteropsis teratia (Karsch, 1894)

Mycalesis teratia Karsch, 1894. Entomologische Nachrichten. Berlin 20: 234 (209-240). Henotesia teratia (Karsch, 1894). Ackery et al., 1995. Heteropsis teratia (Karsch, 1894). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis teratia. Male (dry season form). Left – upperside; right – underside. Kinsevere Mine, Democratic Republic of Congo. 6 July 2008. M. Lunderstedt. Images M.C. Williams ex Henning Collection.

Heteropsis teratia. Female (dry season form). Left – upperside; right – underside. Kinsevere Mine, Democratic Republic of Congo. 27 May 2008. M. Lunderstedt. Images M.C. Williams ex Henning Collection.

Heteropsis teratia. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 41mm. Kalene Hill, Mwinilunga dist., Zambia. 30/ix/1990. C. Cottrell. (Gardiner Collection).

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “westlich von Lulaba”. Distribution: Uganda?, Democratic Republic of Congo (Shaba, Sankuru, Maniema), Kenya (recorded by Berger (1981) but not supported by Larsen (1991c)), Tanzania, Zambia. Specific localities: Zambia – Mwinilunga (Heath et al., 2002); Ikelenge (Heath et al., 2002); Kalene Hill (female illustrated above). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis ubenica (Thurau, 1903)

Henotesia ubenica Thurau, 1903. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 121 (117-143). Heteropsis ubenica (Thurau, 1903). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis ubenica ubenica. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 40mm. Mafinga. 20.IX.81. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Heteropsis ubenica ubenica. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 39mm. Nyika. Z. 26:X:76. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Langenburg”. Diagnosis: Can only be separated from Bicyclus elisi uluguru by examining the genitalia but ulugura is confined to the Uluguru Mountains, from which ubenica is absent (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique (Congdon et al., 2010). Recorded from Kenya but probably in error (Larsen, 1991c). Habitat: The nominate subspecies flies in montane grassland, on forest edges and in open glades in forest. Subspecies mahale flies in open montane bamboo-mixed forest. Subspecies ugandica occurs in submontane deciduous woodland. Subspecies uzungwa is found in submontane and montane grassland, open woodland and on forest margins (Kielland, 1990d). In Tanzania the nominate subspecies is found at altitudes from 1 400 to over 2 000 m, subspecies mahale from 1 500 to 2 200 m, and subspecies uzungwa from 1 300 to 2 300 m (Kielland, 1990d). Habits: The flight is erratic, weak, and just above ground level (Kielland, 1990d). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Note: Larsen (1991: 273) states that ubenica has been recorded from Kenya but gives no further details; he does not, himself, include it as a Kenyan species.

35 Heteropsis ubenica ubenica (Thurau, 1903)

Henotesia ubenica Thurau, 1903. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 121 (117-143). Heteropsis ubenica ubenica (Thurau, 1903). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Heteropsis ubenica ubenica. Male. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 40mm. Mafinga. 20.IX.81. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Heteropsis ubenica ubenica. Female. Left – upperside; right – underside. Wingspan: 39mm. Nyika. Z. 26:X:76. A. Heath. (African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi).

Type locality: [Tanzania]: “Langenburg”. Distribution: Tanzania (south), Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique. Specific localities: Tanzania – Langenburg (Thurau, 1903); Njombe (Kielland, 1990d); Mount Rungwe (Kielland, 1990d); Ulanga District (Kielland, 1990d); Mufindi (Kielland, 1990d); Kigonsera (Kielland, 1990d); Kitesa Forest (Kielland, 1990d). Zambia – Makutu Mountains (Heath et al., 2002)Nyika (female illustrated above); Mafinga Mountains (male illustrated above). Mozambique – Mt Namuli (Congdon et al., 2010); Mt Mabu (Congdon et al., 2010).

unicinata Thurau, 1903 (as ab. of Henotesia ubenica). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 48: 123 (117- 143). Tanzania: “Langenburg”.

36 Heteropsis ubenica mahale (Kielland, 1994)

Henotesia ubenica mahale Kielland, 1990d and 1994. Butterflies of Tanzania 84 (363 pp.). Melbourne and Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome II): 252 (235-273). Heteropsis ubenica mahale (Kielland, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Kigoma, Mahale Mt., Lukandamira, 1800m, February 1972, J. Kielland”. Holotype in Natural History Museum, London. Description: “Ocelli of the upperside have paler rings than in the nominate race; yellow ring in space 2 of the f.w. much wider, the black area is much reduced.” Diagnosis: Differs from the nominate subspecies in the following respects: upperside ocelli with paler rings; forewing yellow ring in space 2 much wider; black area much reduced (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (west ). Specific localities: Tanzania – Mahale Mountains, only (TL).

Heteropsis ubenica ugandica (Kielland, 1994)

Henotesia ubenica ugandica Kielland, 1990d and 1994. Butterflies of Tanzania 84 (363 pp.). Melbourne and Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome II): 253 (235-273). Heteropsis ubenica ugandica (Kielland, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Ngara District, Ntungamo, June 1974, J. Kielland”. Holotype in NHM, London. Description: “Both surfaces of the wings darker brown than in ubenica or mahale; f.w. ocellar eye-spot in 2 with much larger black ring.” Diagnosis: Both wing surfaces darker than in subspecies ubenica and mahale; forewing ocellus in space 2 with a much larger black ring (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo (extreme east), Uganda (west), Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Tanzania – Ntungamu in Ngara District (TL); Lukira (Kielland, 1990d).

Heteropsis ubenica uzungwa (Kielland, 1994)

Henotesia ubenica uzungwa Kielland, 1990d and 1994. Butterflies of Tanzania 84 (363 pp.). Melbourne and Lambillionea 94 (2) (Tome II): 254 (235-273). Heteropsis ubenica uzungwa (Kielland, 1994). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n.

Type locality: Tanzania: “Iringa, Dabaga, 1500m, 27.IV.1982, J. Kielland”. Holotype in NHM, London. Description: “Both seasonal forms with a notch to the large ochreous ring of the eye-spot in 2. The notch and ochreous ring are wider and brighter than in other races.” Diagnosis: The ochreous ring of the ocellus in space 2 is notched; both the notch and the ochreous ring are wider and brighter than in the other subspecies (Kielland, 1990d). Distribution: Tanzania (south-central). Specific localities: Tanzania – Dabaga in Iringa District (TL); Mwanihana Forest Reserve (south-western part) (Kielland, 1990d).

*Heteropsis peitho (Plötz, 1880) Forest Patroller

Mycalesis peitho Plötz, 1880. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 197 (189-206). Henotesia peitho (Plötz, 1880). Ackery et al., 1995: 299. Houlbertia peitho (Plötz, 1880). D’Abrera, 1997: 226 comb. n. Heteropsis peitho (Plötz, 1880). Lees et al, 2003 comb. n. (footnote no. 38).

Type locality: [Ghana]: “Abo, Aburi”. Neotype designated by Libert, 2006: 173. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania. Habitat: High forest (Larsen, 2005a). Habits: A localized butterfly in West Africa but may be numerous in a particular colony (Larsen, 2005a). The behaviour of this species is exactly like that of species of Bicyclus (Larsen, 2005a). It is easily confused, in the field, with the similar Bicyclus procora (Larsen, 2005a). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Heteropsis peitho peitho (Plötz, 1880)

Type locality: [Ghana]: “Abo, Aburi”. Neotype designated by Libert, 2006: 173. Distribution: Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (east and Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kivu). Specific localities: Guinea – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Ivory Coast – Nimba Mountains (Larsen, 2005a). Ghana – Abo, Aburi (TL); Volta Region (Larsen, 2005a). Nigeria – Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a). Cameroon – Korup (Larsen, 2005a).

Heteropsis peitho gigas (Libert, 2006)

Henotesia peitho gigas Libert, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 174 (167-180).

Type locality: Kenya: “?”. Distribution: Kenya (west), Tanzania (north-west). Specific localities: Kenya – Kakamega Forest (a single male; Larsen, 1991c). Tanzania – Minziro Forest (Congdon & Collins, 1998); Kikuru Forest (common in both forests) (Congdon & Collins, 1998).

Heteropsis peitho reducta (Libert, 2006)

Heteropsis peitho reducta Libert, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 174 (167-180). 38

Type locality: Uganda: “?”. Distribution: Uganda. Specific localities: Uganda – Semuliki N.P. (Davenport & Howard, 1996).

*Heteropsis decira (Plötz, 1880)

Mycalesis decira Plötz, 1880. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 198 (189-206). Synonym of Henotesia peitho (Plötz, 1880). Usher, 1985. Henotesia decira (Plötz, 1880). Libert, 2006: 175 stat. rev. Neotype designated, p.171.

Type locality: Ghana: “Aburi”. Distribution: Ghana. Specific localities: Ghana – Aburi (TL). Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

*Heteropsis nigrescens (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Henotesia nigrescens Bethune-Baker, 1908. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (8) 2: 470 (469-482). Synonym of Henotesia peitho (Plötz, 1880). Usher, 1985. Henotesia nigrescens (Bethune-Baker, 1908). Libert, 2006: 175 stat. rev.

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo. Early stages: Nothing published. Larval food: Nothing published.

Heteropsis nigrescens nigrescens (Bethune-Baker, 1908)

Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo]: “Makala”. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Specific localities: Democratic Republic of Congo – Makala (TL).

Heteropsis nigrescens striata (Libert, 2006)

Henotesia nigrescens striata Libert, 2006. Lambillionea 106 (2): 175 (167-180).

Type locality: Cameroon: “?”. Distribution: Cameroon, Gabon, Congo (van de Weghe, 2010). Specific localities:

39 Gabon – Tchimbele (van de Weghe, 2010); Lope (van de Weghe, 2010); Waka (van de Weghe, 2010); Ipassa (van de Weghe, 2010); Langoue (van de Weghe, 2010); Nouna (van de Weghe, 2010); Bakouaka (van de Weghe, 2010).