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Data Buoy Cooperation Panel 10.3- Guidelines to Oceanographic Instruments

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Data Buoy Cooperation Panel 10.3- Guidelines to Oceanographic Instruments Data Buoy Cooperation Panel 10.3- Guidelines to Oceanographic Instruments i Document Change Record Version Date Originator Change Comments 1.0 7Sep2016 Venkatesan First draft 2.0 29 Oct2017 Venkatesan Revised Draft for Finalization 2.0 DBCP 32 Discussed with members session Review Cycle Version Next Due POC Change Comments 2.0 29 October Chair of Action Group 15 June 2018 2016 R Venkatesan (Chair) Points suggested Dr Florence on specific Luca Centuriani, vocabulary for metrology as per the David Meldrum, document "international metrology K Ramesh (India) vocabulary" (see the website of BIPM). Florence Salvetat Comments : Document is a generic IFREMER Brest document to help people to discover the (France) field and is considered as a first step in and the Secretariat order to homogenize practices. The document is pretty complete on temperature, salinity and quality topics. 17 Nov The Best Practice Discussed with experts 2017 Working Group “Evolving and Sustaining Ocean Best Practices Workshop at UNESCO IOC Paris 15 to 17 Nov 2017 ii Background DBCP 31 session 6.3.8 The Panel agreed that DBCP guidelines on instrument standards ought to be developed. The Panel agreed that the following should initially be undertaken: (i) checking existing materials (e.g. WMO No. 8, Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation), (ii) agreeing on the scope of the guidelines document, and the methodology for producing it, and then (iii) proposing a work-plan, and who should contribute. The guidelines document could include instrument classes, and information on traceability requirements, while certification could simply be undertaken at the DBCP level through a committee to be established for that purpose. The Panel requested R. Venkatesan to lead such developments, with assistance from Luca Centuriani, David Meldrum, and the Secretariat in the view to make a proposal (possibly a draft guidelines document) at the next Panel Session (action; R. Venkatesan; DBCP-32). DBCP 32 draft guidelines was presented addressing the points suggested such as checking existing materials (e.g. WMO No. 8, Guide to Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation),, defining the scope of the guidelines document, and the methodology for producing it and clarity on the work plan was getting emerged (Action DBCP 33) DBCP Session 33 Rec 8.7/2: DBCP guidelines for oceanographic instruments (draft) was presented and urged members to review and finalize before DBCP 34 Action 9.2/3: ( DBCP Panel; DBCP-34) iii Content Summary............................................................................................................................................ 1 Instrument to Data............................................................................................................................ 2 (i) Instrument standard................................................................................................... 2 (ii) Integration of Instruments to observing platform and data transmission.................. 3 (iii) Data and Met data...................................................................................................... 3 Need of standardisation of Instrument to Observing platform..................................................... 5 Equation of state of Seawater........................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER-1...................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Preamble................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Instrument Systems and Limits to Measurement .................................................................. 7 1.2 Sensor..................................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER-2.................................................................................................................................... 10 SEAWATER TEMPERATURE 2.1GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………..... 10 2.1.1 Definition of temperature……………………………………………………..…… 10 2.1.2 Units and Scales………………………………………………………………….... 10 2.1.3 Oceanographic requirements………………………………………………………. 11 2.1.3.1 General……………………………………………………………………………... 11 2.1.3.2 Operational requirements………………………………………………..…………. 11 2.1.3.3 Range………………………………………………………………………………. 12 2.2 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AND CALIBRATION……………………………………………………………….………... 12 2.2.1 Mercury in glass tube thermometer………………………………………………… 12 2.2.2 Platinum Resistance Thermometer (PRT)………………………………………….. 13 2.2.3 Thermistors…………………………………………………………………………. 13 2.2.4 Quartz thermometers……………………………………………………………….. 14 2.2.5 Calibration………………………………………………………………………….. 14 2.2.6 Other important considerations in temperature measurements…………………….. 15 2.2.6.1 Pressure sensitivity………………………………………………………………..... 15 2.2.6.2 Self-heating………………………………………………………………………… 15 iv 2.2.6.3 Sensor Signal to Noise Ratio……………………………………………………...... 15 2.2.7 Sources of error…………………………………………………………………….. 16 2.2.7.1 Sensors……………………………………………………………………………… 16 2.2.7.2 Installation………………………………………………………………………...... 16 2.2.7.3 Instrumentation……………………………………………………………………... 16 2.2.7.4 Other sources can produce errors but are difficult to analyse without installation unique information………………………………………………………………………….. 16 2.2.8 Testing Standards for measuring instruments………………………………..……... 17 2.2.8.1 Environmental Testing……………………………………………………………..... 17 2.2.9 Corrections…………………………………………………………………………... 17 2.2.10 Maintenance…………………………………………………………………………. 17 2.3 DATA ……………………………………………………………………………………… 17 2.3.1 Quality Control……………………………………………………………………….. 17 2.3.1.1 General………………………………………………………………………………… 18 2.3.1.2 Requirement of quality control……………………………………………………….. 18 2.3.1.3 Information to accompany data………………………………………………………. 19 References and further reading.....................................................................................................19-20 CHAPTER-3........................................................................................................................................ 21 MEASUREMENT OF CONDUCTIVITY........................................................................................ 21 3.1GENERAL…....................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Definition of conductivity……………………………………………………………. 21 3.1.2 Units and Scale ……………………………………………………………………..... 21 3.1.3 Oceanographic requirements…………………………………………………………. 21 3.1.3.1 General............................................................................................................................ 21 3.1.3.2 Range.............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1.3.3 Accuracy.........................................................................................................................22 3.2 Types of Measurements………………………………………………………………………..22 3.2.1 Conductivity cell………………………………………………………………….22-23 3.2.2 Inductive or Toroidal……………………………………………………………. 24 3.3 Calibration………………………………………………………..…………………………… 24 References and further reading.........................................................................................................25-26 v CHAPTER-4.................................................................................................................................... 27 MEASUREMENT OF PRECIPITATION 4.1 GENERAL……………………………………………………………………………………. 27 4.1.1 Definition of Precipitation……….……………………………………………………. 27 4.1.2 Units and Scale ………………………………………………………………………... 27 4.1.3 Oceanographic requirements………………………………………………………….. 27 4.1.3.1.1 Range................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.3.1.2 Accuracy.............................................................................................................. 27 4.2 Types of Measurements……………………………………………………………………... 28 4.3 Calibration..................................................................................................................................29-30 References and further reading...................................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER -5........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 MEASUREMENTOFINCOMING SHORTWAVE RADIATION 5.1. GENERAL……………………………………………………………………….…………. 32 5.1.1. Definition……………………………………………………………….…………. 32 5.1.2. Units and Scale………………………………………………………….……….… 32 5.1.3. Oceanographic Requirement…………………………………………….………… 32 5.1.4. Operational requirement……………….………………………………………….. 33 6. MEASURING INSTRUMENTS…………………………………………………………. 34 5.3 Calibration.................................................................................................... 35 References and further reading.........................................................................................................36-39 CHAPTER -6........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 40 CENTRAL
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