DOCSLIB.ORG

PDF (Copies of Maps in the CD ROM Appendix Can Be Requested from the Author

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Durham E-Theses Palaeobiogeography of Crossbills (Loxia spp.) and their Food Plants HOLLIDAY, PHYLLIDA,RACHEL How to cite: HOLLIDAY, PHYLLIDA,RACHEL (2012) Palaeobiogeography of Crossbills (Loxia spp.) and their Food Plants, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3636/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Palaeobiogeography of Crossbills (Loxia spp.) and their Food Plants Phyllida Rachel Holliday Masters by Research School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University 2011 Illustrations of the Scottish Crossbill, Loxia scotica (left) and Parrot Crossbill, Loxia pytyopsittacus (right), created by P. R. Holliday. Phyllida Holliday 2012 Phyllida Holliday 2012 Palaeobiogeography of Crossbills (Loxia spp.) and their Food Plants Phyllida Rachel Holliday Abstract Crossbills (Loxia spp.) are members of the finch family (Fringillidae) and have a primarily granivorous diet, feeding on the seeds of conifers, specifically members of the family Pinaceae. Studies of the five extant crossbill species are abundant due to the distinctive evolution of their crossed mandibles, specifically adapted for a coniferous seed diet. Many have attempted to understand their evolutionary origins and speciation but the complexity of Loxia’s phylogeography and movement patterns have made it difficult to gain an accurate understanding. Although many hypotheses have been proposed, substantial evidence has yet to be found. This study aims investigates the palaeobiogeography of the five species of crossbill, as well as their specific food trees, in order to better understand their past movements and the impacts of these on the evolutionary history of the genus. By combining several different techniques of climate-based niche modelling with global palaeoclimatic simulations, potential ranges of crossbills and their food plants have been simulated for the last 120 thousand years. These simulations have also been compared to available crossbill fossil records, pollen data and other palaeovegetation models. The results indicate that significant species’ specific population range shifts are likely to have occurred in response to climatic change throughout this period. The simulations have provided valuable insight into the evolution of Loxia taxa, particularly isolated island populations or races, supporting existing evolutionary theories in addition to introducing novel hypotheses. Phyllida Holliday 2012 Phyllida Holliday 2012 Table of Contents Page no. List of Tables 1 List of Figures 2 Abbreviations 7 Declaration of Copyright 8 Acknowledgements 8 Chapter 1 Palaeobiogeography of Crossbills (Loxia spp.) and their Food Plants 9 1.1 Crossbill (Loxia genus) Range and Diet 10 Loxia curvirostra 10 Loxia leucoptera 13 Loxia pytyopsittacus 15 Loxia scotica 16 Loxia megaplaga 17 1.2 The Phylogenetics of the Crossbill 18 1.3 The Fossil Record of the Crossbill 20 1.4 Evolution of the Crossbill 23 1.5 Anthropogenic Impacts on Species’ Distribution 26 1.6 Quaternary Climate and Species’ Response 30 1.7 Species’ Distribution Modelling 32 1.8 Aims & Objectives 39 Chapter 2 Data Collection & Methods 37 2.1 Species’ Distribution Data 37 2.2 Bioclimatic Data 40 2.3 Palaeobioclimatic Data 42 2.4 Modelling Approaches 47 Maximum Entropy 47 Generalised Additive Model 48 Climate Response Surface 49 2.5 Model Thresholds & Evaluation 52 2.6 Modelling Grid Extent 56 2.7 Mapping 58 Chapter 3 Results 60 3.1 Species’ Distribution Model Performance 60 ‘Goodness of Fit’ 60 ‘Robustness’ 65 3.2 Comparison of Model Simulations of Species’ Distribution 70 Present simulation 71 Beginning of the Holocene 73 Last Glacial Maximum 75 Heinrich Event 5 77 Interstadial 79 Melisey 1 stadial 81 Eemian Interglacial 83 Phyllida Holliday 2012 3.3 Comparison of Model Simulations of Species’ and Genera’s Range Size 85 Loxia curvirostra 85 Loxia leucoptera 86 Loxia pytyopsittacus 87 Loxia scotica 88 Loxia megaplaga 89 Larix spp. 90 Picea spp. 91 Pinus spp. 92 Pseudotsuga spp. 93 Tsuga spp. 94 Picea abies 95 Pinus sylvestris 96 Pinus occidentalis 97 3.4 Observed Compared with Simulated Range 98 Loxia curvirostra 98 Loxia leucoptera 101 Loxia pytyopsittacus 103 Loxia scotica 105 Loxia megaplaga 107 Larix spp. 109 Picea spp. 113 Pinus spp. 115 Pseudotsuga spp. 119 Tsuga spp. 121 Picea abies 123 Pinus sylvestris 126 Pinus occidentalis 129 3.5 Species’ Palaeo-Simulations and Duration of Occupation 131 Loxia curvirostra 133 Loxia leucoptera 137 Loxia pytyopsittacus 141 Loxia scotica 144 Loxia megaplaga 146 Larix spp. 151 Picea spp. 157 Pinus spp. 161 Pseudotsuga spp. 167 Tsuga spp. 171 Picea abies 175 Pinus sylvestris 179 Pinus occidentalis 183 Chapter 4 Discussion & Conclusions 187 4.1 Evaluation of Species’ Distribution Models 187 4.2 Comparison of Crossbill Simulations with Fossil Records 191 4.3 Comparison of Conifer Simulations with Pollen Records and Palaeovegetation Models 194 Pollen Records 194 Larix/Pseudotsuga spp. 195 Picea spp. 198 Pinus spp. 200 Tsuga spp. 202 Phyllida Holliday 2012 Palaeovegetation Models 203 Larix spp. 204 Picea abies 205 Pinus sylvestris 207 4.4 Comparison of Crossbill Simulated Ranges with their Simulated Feeding Tree Range 210 Loxia curvirostra and their feeding trees 211 Loxia leucoptera and Larix spp. 213 Loxia pytyopsittacus, L. scotica and Pinus sylvestris 215 Loxia megaplaga and Pinus occidentalis 217 4.5 Dispersal Distances of Crossbills 219 4.6 Insights into Crossbill Evolution 221 Loxia curvirostra 221 Loxia leucoptera 222 Loxia pytyopsittacus 223 Loxia scotica 224 Loxia megaplaga 225 4.7 Conclusions 227 Appendix 230 References 281 Phyllida Holliday 2012 List of Tables Chapter 1 – Background Knowledge Page no. 1.1.1 Loxia curvirostra (Common Crossbill) subspecies and distributions 10 1.1.2 Feeding tree species of Loxia curvirostra and subspecies 12 1.1.3 Feeding tree species of Loxia leucoptera 14 1.1.4 Loxia leucoptera (Two-Barred Crossbill) subspecies and distributions 14 1.1.5 Feeding tree species of Loxia pytyopsittacus and L. scotica 15 1.1.6 Feeding tree species of Loxia megaplaga 17 1.3.1 Locations of Loxia genus fossil sites 20 1.5.1 A comparison of the presence and breeding records for Loxia curvirostra and L. scotica 28 collected in 1968-72 and 1988-91 1.5.2 ID localities where Loxia curvirostra has established a breeding colony 29 Chapter 2 – Data Collection & Methods 2.1.1 The selection of Larix & Picea species, their distribution in the world and the data source 37 2.1.2 The selection of Pinus, Pseudotsuga & Tsuga species, their distribution in the world and the 38 data source 2.5.1 A confusion matrix for evaluation the ‘Goodness of Fit’ 52 2.5.2 Assessment criteria for the model performance based on the maximum κ value obtained 53 2.5.3 Assessment criteria for the model performance based on the Area Under Curve (AUC) value 54 obtained 2.7.1 The estimated sea-levels below present day for present day to 120,000 years before present 58 Chapter 3 – Results 3.1.1 The ‘Goodness of Fit’ measures for the Loxia species 60 3.1.2 The ‘Goodness of Fit’ measures for the tree genera/species 61 3.1.3 The ‘Goodness of Fit’ measures obtained for the European and Caribbean restricted species 64 3.1.4 The average ‘Goodness of Fit’ measures obtained by k-cross validation tests of robustness 66 for Loxia species 3.1.5 The average ‘Goodness of Fit’ measures obtained by k-cross validation tests of robustness 67 for the tree species/genera 3.1.6 The average ‘Goodness of Fit’ measures obtained by k-cross validation tests of robustness 68 for species modelled on the European and Caribbean bioclimatic grids 3.2.1 The total number of grid cells the models individually or combined simulated as suitable for 70 Loxia curvirostra in each of the scenarios 3.5.1 The total number of grid cells grouped by the species’/genus’ duration of simulation 132 Chapter 4- Discussion and Conclusions 4.1.1 The variance of the simulated range sizes produced by the species’ distribution models 188 4.5.1 Ringing records for Loxia species 219 1 Phyllida Holliday 2012 List of Figures Chapter 1 – Background Knowledge Page no. 1.1.1 Distribution of Loxia curvirostra 10 1.1.2 Distribution of Loxia leucoptera 13 1.1.3 Distribution of Loxia pytyopsittacus 15 1.1.4 Distribution of Loxia scotica 16 1.1.5 Distribution of Loxia megaplaga 17 1.2.1 Plot based on AFLP scores for individual Loxia specimens analysed in the study 18 1.3.1 Locations of fossil records of crossbills (Loxia spp.) in Europe 21 1.5.1 Breeding records for Loxia curvirostra and L. scotica between 1968 and 1972 in 28 Britain and Ireland 1.5.2 Breeding records for Loxia curvirostra and L. scotica between 1988 and 1991 in 28 Britain and Ireland 1.5.3 The distributions of Loxia curvirostra breeding populations in the United Kingdom 29 1.6.1 The variation in temperature compared to present day 30 Chapter 2 – Data Collection & Methods 2.3.1 The mean bioclimatic values for the palaeoclimatic scenarios calculated for the 43 northern hemisphere extensive grid Equation 2.4.1 GAM Response transformation 49 2.4.2 A summary of the different methods of extrapolation in ‘no-analogue’ 51 environmental conditions Equation 2.51 Calculation of maximum κ values 52 Chapter 3 - Results 3.1.1 The effect of species’ range size on the calculated maximum κ values 62 3.1.2 The effect of species’ range size on the calculated AUC values.
Recommended publications
  • Department of Planning and Zoning

    Department of Planning and Zoning

    Department of Planning and Zoning Subject: Howard County Landscape Manual Updates: Recommended Street Tree List (Appendix B) and Recommended Plant List (Appendix C) - Effective July 1, 2010 To: DLD Review Staff Homebuilders Committee From: Kent Sheubrooks, Acting Chief Division of Land Development Date: July 1, 2010 Purpose: The purpose of this policy memorandum is to update the Recommended Plant Lists presently contained in the Landscape Manual. The plant lists were created for the first edition of the Manual in 1993 before information was available about invasive qualities of certain recommended plants contained in those lists (Norway Maple, Bradford Pear, etc.). Additionally, diseases and pests have made some other plants undesirable (Ash, Austrian Pine, etc.). The Howard County General Plan 2000 and subsequent environmental and community planning publications such as the Route 1 and Route 40 Manuals and the Green Neighborhood Design Guidelines have promoted the desirability of using native plants in landscape plantings. Therefore, this policy seeks to update the Recommended Plant Lists by identifying invasive plant species and disease or pest ridden plants for their removal and prohibition from further planting in Howard County and to add other available native plants which have desirable characteristics for street tree or general landscape use for inclusion on the Recommended Plant Lists. Please note that a comprehensive review of the street tree and landscape tree lists were conducted for the purpose of this update, however, only
  • Red Crossbill Loxia Curvirostra Many Members of the Finch Family Migrate Irregu- Larly, As Demanded by the Irregularity of Their Food Supply

    Red Crossbill Loxia Curvirostra Many Members of the Finch Family Migrate Irregu- Larly, As Demanded by the Irregularity of Their Food Supply

    584 Finches — Family Fringillidae Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra Many members of the finch family migrate irregu- larly, as demanded by the irregularity of their food supply. The crossbills, with their unique specializa- tion and dependence on conifer seeds, take this irregularity to an extreme. With only small areas for- ested in conifers, San Diego County cannot support a population of the Red Crossbill, so the species is a sporadic visitor here, though it has attempted nest- ing in the county at least once. Studies of morphol- ogy, genetics, and voice suggest the Red Crossbill, with its great variation across North America in size and bill shape, may consist of multiple cryptic Photo by Anthony Mercieca species. Winter: The winters of 1966–67, 1984–85, and 1996–97 saw the biggest incursions of the Red Crossbill known the Laguna Mountains in late July 1993 (G. L. Rogers, P. in the history of San Diego County. Thus the 5-year atlas A. Ginsburg, AB 47:1152, 1993). From 1997 to 2001 the period 1997–2002 began with the winding down of an only such reports were from Middle and Cuyamaca peaks incursion in which small flocks were seen through much (M20), with one on 19 May 1998 and one or two 23–24 of the county, such as 10 at the Vineyard Golf Course, June 2001 (S. Peterson, D. Holway). Escondido (K11), 17 February 1997 (E. C. Hall). The Conservation: The crossbills breeding in the southwest- Oceanside Christmas bird count yielded the maximum of ern quadrant of the contiguous United States have bills 24 on 29 December 1996, and up to 10 occurred even at adapted to feed on the seeds of pines.
  • Condition of Designated Sites

    Condition of Designated Sites

    Scottish Natural Heritage Condition of Designated Sites Contents Chapter Page Summary ii Condition of Designated Sites (Progress to March 2010) Site Condition Monitoring 1 Purpose of SCM 1 Sites covered by SCM 1 How is SCM implemented? 2 Assessment of condition 2 Activities and management measures in place 3 Summary results of the first cycle of SCM 3 Action taken following a finding of unfavourable status in the assessment 3 Natural features in Unfavourable condition – Scottish Government Targets 4 The 2010 Condition Target Achievement 4 Amphibians and Reptiles 6 Birds 10 Freshwater Fauna 18 Invertebrates 24 Mammals 30 Non-vascular Plants 36 Vascular Plants 42 Marine Habitats 48 Coastal 54 Machair 60 Fen, Marsh and Swamp 66 Lowland Grassland 72 Lowland Heath 78 Lowland Raised Bog 82 Standing Waters 86 Rivers and Streams 92 Woodlands 96 Upland Bogs 102 Upland Fen, Marsh and Swamp 106 Upland Grassland 112 Upland Heathland 118 Upland Inland Rock 124 Montane Habitats 128 Earth Science 134 www.snh.gov.uk i Scottish Natural Heritage Summary Background Scotland has a rich and important diversity of biological and geological features. Many of these species populations, habitats or earth science features are nationally and/ or internationally important and there is a series of nature conservation designations at national (Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)), European (Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and Special Protection Area (SPA)) and international (Ramsar) levels which seek to protect the best examples. There are a total of 1881 designated sites in Scotland, although their boundaries sometimes overlap, which host a total of 5437 designated natural features.
  • A Hybrid Red Crossbill-Pine Siskin (Loxia Curvirostra X Carduelis Pinus

    A Hybrid Red Crossbill-Pine Siskin (Loxia Curvirostra X Carduelis Pinus

    January1984] ShortCommunications 155 HILLS, M. 1978. On ratios--a response to Atchley, nov, Cramer-Von Mises and related statistics Gaskins and Anderson. Syst. Zool. 27: 61-62. without extensive tables. J. Amer. Stat. Assoc. 69: SAS INSTITUTE.1982. SAS user's guide: basics.Cary, 730. North Carolina, SAS Institute, Inc. ZAR, J. H. 1974. Biostatisticalanalysis. Englewood SHAPIRO,S.S., & M. B. WILK. 1965. An analysis of Cliffs, New Jersey,Prentice-Hall, Inc. variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 52:591-611. Received3 March 1983,accepted 6 September1983. STEPHENS,M.A. 1974. Use of the Kolmogorov-Smir- A Hybrid Red Crossbill-Pine Siskin (Loxia curvirostra x Carduelis pin us) and Speculations on the Evolution of Loxia DAN A. TALLMAN • AND RICHARD L. ZUSI 2 'Departmentof Mathematics,Natural Sciences and Health Professions, Northern State College, Aberdeen,South Dakota 57401 USA; and 2National Museum of NaturalHistory, SmithsonianInstitution, Washington, D.C. 20560 USA On the morning of 27 December1981, a strange streaksweakest on lower throat and belly and dark- finch appeared at Tallman's feeder in a residential est and best defined on flanks and crissum. backyardin Aberdeen,Brown County, South Dakota. Upperparts dusky olive streaked or spotted with Alone and in the companyof Pine Siskins,the bird dark gray. Feathersof forehead and crown dark with consumedsunflower seeds.It fed on the ground and whitish or yellowish edges, giving spotted effect. alsocracked seeds while perchedon a sunflowerhead Longer feathers of nape, neck, and back dark gray hung from a clothesline.Tallman noted that this finch, borderedwith dusky olive laterally, giving streaked when approached,did not fly with a small siskin effect.
  • Larix Decidua Miller Taxonomy Author, Year Miller Synonym Larix Europaea DC; Larix Sudetica Domin; Pinus Larix L

    Larix Decidua Miller Taxonomy Author, Year Miller Synonym Larix Europaea DC; Larix Sudetica Domin; Pinus Larix L

    Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at pages 3 and 4 Larix decidua Miller taxonomy author, year Miller synonym Larix europaea DC; Larix sudetica Domin; Pinus larix L. Family Pinaceae Eng. Name European larch, Common larch Dutch name Europese lariks (Boom, 2000) Europese lork (Heukels’ Flora, 2005) subspecies - varieties L. decidua var. polonica (Racib) Ostenf. & Syrach Larsen (syn. L. polonica Racib.) L. decidua var. carpatica Domin (syn. L. carpatica Domin.) hybrids Larix x marschlinsii Coaz (L. decidua x L. kaempferi) (syn. Larix x eurolepis Henry) cultivars, frequently planted - references Earle, C.J. Gymnosperm database www.conifers.org USDA Forest Service www.pfaf.org/database/index.php Westra, J.J. Het geslacht Larix. In Schmidt (ed.). 1987. Ned. Boomsoorten 1 Syllabus vakgroep Bosteelt en Bosecologie, Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen Plants for a Future Database; www.pfaf.org/index.html morphology crown habit tree, pyramidal max. height (m) Europe: 30-50 The Netherlands: 30 max. dbh (cm) 100-200 oldest tree year 988 AC, tree ring count, Val Malenco, Italy. actual size Europe year …, d(130) 95, h 46, Glenlee Park, Dumfries and Galloway, UK. year …, d(130) 271, h 30, Ulten Valley, Saint Nicholas, Italy. actual size Netherlands year 1844, d…, h …, Schovenhorst, Putten year 1830-1840, d(130) 114, h 17 year 1850-1860, d(130) 115, h 20 year 1860-1870, d(130) 97, h 28 leaf length (cm) 2-4 single leaf petiole (cm) 0 leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface green leaves arrangement alternate flowering March - May flowering plant monoecious flower monosexual flower diameter (cm) ? pollination wind fruit; length cone; 3-4 cm fruit petiole (cm) 0,3 seed; length samara (=winged nut); … cm seed-wing length (cm) weight 1000 seeds (g) 5,0-5,9 seeds ripen October same year seed dispersal wind habitat natural distribution Alps, Central Europe in N.W.
  • Scotland 2014 Outer Hebrides & the Highlands

    Scotland 2014 Outer Hebrides & the Highlands

    Scotland 2014 Outer Hebrides & the Highlands 22 May – 7 June 2014 St Kilda Wren, Hirta, St Kilda, Scotland, 30 May 2014 (© Vincent van der Spek) Vincent van der Spek, July 2014 1 highlights Red Grouse (20), Ptarmigan (4-5), Black Grouse (5), American Wigeon (1), Long- tailed Duck (5), three divers in summer plumage: Great Northern (c. 25), Red- throated (dozens) and Black-throated (1), Slavonian Grebe (1), 10.000s of Gannets and 1000s of Fulmars, Red Kite (5), Osprey (2 different nests), White-tailed Eagle (8), Golden Eagle (1), Merlin (2), Corncrake (2), the common Arctic waders in breeding habitat, Dotterel (1), Pectoral Sandpiper (1), sum plum Red-necked Phalarope (2), Great Skua (c. 125), Glaucous Gull (1), Puffin (c. 20.000), Short- eared Owl (1), Rock Dove (many), St Kilda Wren (8), other ssp. from the British Isles (incl. Wren Dunnock and Song Thrush from the Hebrides), Ring Ouzel (4), Scottish Crossbill (9), Snow Bunting (2), Risso’s Dolphin (4), Otter (1). missed species Capercaillie, ‘Irish’ Dipper ssp. hibernicus, the hoped for passage of Long-tailed and Pomarine Skuas, Midgets. Ptarmigan, male, Cairn Gorm, Highlands, Scotland, 3 June 2014 (© Vincent van der Spek) 2 introduction Keete suggested Scotland as a holiday destination several times in the past, so after I dragged her to many tropical destinations instead it was about time we went to the northern part of the British Isles. And I was not to be disappointed! Scotland really is a beautiful place, with great people. Both on the isles, with its wild and sometimes desolate vibe and very friendly folks and in the highlands, there seemed to be a stunning view behind every stunning view.
  • Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: a Look Ahead Proceedings of an International Symposium

    Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: a Look Ahead Proceedings of an International Symposium

    Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead Proceedings of an International Symposium Whitefish, Montana, U.S.A. October 5-9, 1992 Compilers: Wyman C. Schmidt Kathy J. McDonald Duchesne, L. C.; Lelu, M. A; von Aderkas, P.; Charest, Klimaszewska, K 1989. Plantlet development from imma­ P. J. 1992. Microprojectile-mediated DNA delivery in ture zygotic embryos of hybrid larch through somatic haploid and diploid embryogenic cells of Larix spp. embryogenesis. Plant Science. 63: 95-103. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. [In press]. Klimaszewska, K; Ward, C.; Cheliak, W. M. 1992. Cryo­ Ellis, D. D.; McCabe, D.; McInnis, S.; Martinell, B.; preservation and plant regeneration from embryogenic Roberts, D.; McCown, B. 1991. Transformation of white cultures oflarch (Larix x eurolepis) and black spruce spruce by electrical discharge particle acceleration. In: (Picea mariana). Journal of Expermental Botany. 43: Haissing, B. E.; Kirk, T. K; Olsen, W. L.; Raffa, K F.; 73-79. Slavicek, J. M., eds. Applications of biotechnology-to Lelu, M. A; Klimaszewska, K K; Jones, C.; Ward, C.; tree culture, protection and utilization. United States von Aderkas, P.; Charest, P. J. 1992. A laboratory guide Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Columbus, to somatic embryogenesis in spruce and larch. Petawawa OH:I02. National Forestry Institute. Information Report. Huang, Y.; Diner, AM.; Karnosky, D. F. 1991. Agrobacter­ PI-X-Ul (submitted for publication). ium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation and von Aderkas, P.; Klimaszewska, K K; Bonga, J . M. 1990. regeneration of a conifer: oorix decidua. In: Vitro Cell. Diploid and haploid embryogenesis in Larix leptolepis, Dev. BioI. 27P: 201-207.
  • Pocket Product Guide 2006

    Pocket Product Guide 2006

    THENew Digital Platform MIPTV 2012 tm MIPTV POCKET ISSUE & PRODUCT OFFILMGUIDE New One Stop Product Guide Search at the Markets Paperless - Weightless - Green Read the Synopsis - Watch the Trailer BUSINESSC onnect to Seller - Buy Product MIPTVDaily Editions April 1-4, 2012 - Unabridged MIPTV Product Guide + Stills Cher Ami - Magus Entertainment - Booth 12.32 POD 32 (Mountain Road) STEP UP to 21st Century The DIGITAL Platform PUBLISHING Is The FUTURE MIPTV PRODUCT GUIDE 2012 Mountain, Nature, Extreme, Geography, 10 FRANCS Water, Surprising 10 Francs, 28 Rue de l'Equerre, Paris, Delivery Status: Screening France 75019 France, Tel: Year of Production: 2011 Country of +33.1.487.44.377. Fax: +33.1.487.48.265. Origin: Slovakia http://www.10francs.f - email: Only the best of the best are able to abseil [email protected] into depths The Iron Hole, but even that Distributor doesn't guarantee that they will ever man- At MIPTV: Yohann Cornu (Sales age to get back.That's up to nature to Executive), Christelle Quillévéré (Sales) decide. Office: MEDIA Stand N°H4.35, Tel: + GOOD MORNING LENIN ! 33.6.628.04.377. Fax: + 33.1.487.48.265 Documentary (50') BEING KOSHER Language: English, Polish Documentary (52' & 92') Director: Konrad Szolajski Language: German, English Producer: ZK Studio Ltd Director: Ruth Olsman Key Cast: Surprising, Travel, History, Producer: Indi Film Gmbh Human Stories, Daily Life, Humour, Key Cast: Surprising, Judaism, Religion, Politics, Business, Europe, Ethnology Tradition, Culture, Daily life, Education, Delivery Status: Screening Ethnology, Humour, Interviews Year of Production: 2010 Country of Delivery Status: Screening Origin: Poland Year of Production: 2010 Country of Western foreigners come to Poland to expe- Origin: Germany rience life under communism enacted by A tragicomic exploration of Jewish purity former steel mill workers who, in this way, laws ! From kosher food to ritual hygiene, escaped unemployment.
  • Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College Version June 20, 2012

    Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College Version June 20, 2012

    1 Annotated Atlatl Bibliography John Whittaker Grinnell College version June 20, 2012 Introduction I began accumulating this bibliography around 1996, making notes for my own uses. Since I have access to some obscure articles, I thought it might be useful to put this information where others can get at it. Comments in brackets [ ] are my own comments, opinions, and critiques, and not everyone will agree with them. The thoroughness of the annotation varies depending on when I read the piece and what my interests were at the time. The many articles from atlatl newsletters describing contests and scores are not included. I try to find news media mentions of atlatls, but many have little useful info. There are a few peripheral items, relating to topics like the dating of the introduction of the bow, archery, primitive hunting, projectile points, and skeletal anatomy. Through the kindness of Lorenz Bruchert and Bill Tate, in 2008 I inherited the articles accumulated for Bruchert’s extensive atlatl bibliography (Bruchert 2000), and have been incorporating those I did not have in mine. Many previously hard to get articles are now available on the web - see for instance postings on the Atlatl Forum at the Paleoplanet webpage http://paleoplanet69529.yuku.com/forums/26/t/WAA-Links-References.html and on the World Atlatl Association pages at http://www.worldatlatl.org/ If I know about it, I will sometimes indicate such an electronic source as well as the original citation. The articles use a variety of measurements. Some useful conversions: 1”=2.54
  • Britain's First Two-Barred Crossbill

    Britain's First Two-Barred Crossbill

    Britain’s first Two-barred Crossbill Andrew H. J. Harrop, Alan G. Knox and Robert Y. McGowan, on behalf of the British Ornithologists’ Union Records Committee Introduction isations that suggest that the three forms would Until 1998, the British Ornithologists’ Union be best treated as separate species (Benkman (BOU) compiled a single List of the birds of 1992; Elmberg 1993; Cramp & Perrins 1994; Britain & Ireland. Following a request from the AOU 1998). These differences are sufficiently Irish Rare Birds Committee, the BOU has since marked to be observable in the field. The His- then maintained a List for Britain alone (BOU paniolan Crossbill, now treated as a separate 1999). This has entailed ongoing work to sepa- species by the AOU (2003), is not discussed rate the two Lists and establish, among other here; for further information see Benkman things, the first acceptable records for Britain of (1994), Smith (1997) and Boon et al. (2006). those species and subspecies whose first British As a species, Loxia leucoptera was given its and Irish record came from Ireland. A number formal scientific name by Gmelin in 1789, of these were listed in recent BOURC reports in based on specimens of the American White- Ibis and by Bradshaw (2003). winged Crossbill brought to Europe from The first Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leu- Hudson Bay and New York. Therefore, early ref- coptera for Britain & Ireland was a female of the erences to this bird in Britain were generally Old World race L. l. bifasciata (hereafter under the name ‘White-winged Crossbill’ and referred to as bifasciata), shot at Grenville, near believed to relate to birds from America (e.g.
  • RSPB CENTRE for CONSERVATION SCIENCE RSPB CENTRE for CONSERVATION SCIENCE Where Science Comes to Life

    RSPB CENTRE for CONSERVATION SCIENCE RSPB CENTRE for CONSERVATION SCIENCE Where Science Comes to Life

    RSPB CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION SCIENCE RSPB CENTRE FOR CONSERVATION SCIENCE Where science comes to life Contents Knowing 2 Introducing the RSPB Centre for Conservation Science and an explanation of how and why the RSPB does science. A decade of science at the RSPB 9 A selection of ten case studies of great science from the RSPB over the last decade: 01 Species monitoring and the State of Nature 02 Farmland biodiversity and wildlife-friendly farming schemes 03 Conservation science in the uplands 04 Pinewood ecology and management 05 Predation and lowland breeding wading birds 06 Persecution of raptors 07 Seabird tracking 08 Saving the critically endangered sociable lapwing 09 Saving South Asia's vultures from extinction 10 RSPB science supports global site-based conservation Spotlight on our experts 51 Meet some of the team and find out what it is like to be a conservation scientist at the RSPB. Funding and partnerships 63 List of funders, partners and PhD students whom we have worked with over the last decade. Chris Gomersall (rspb-images.com) Conservation rooted in know ledge Introduction from Dr David W. Gibbons Welcome to the RSPB Centre for Conservation The Centre does not have a single, physical Head of RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Science. This new initiative, launched in location. Our scientists will continue to work from February 2014, will showcase, promote and a range of RSPB’s addresses, be that at our UK build the RSPB’s scientific programme, helping HQ in Sandy, at RSPB Scotland’s HQ in Edinburgh, us to discover solutions to 21st century or at a range of other addresses in the UK and conservation problems.
  • Engelsk Register

    Engelsk Register

    Danske navne på alverdens FUGLE ENGELSK REGISTER 1 Bearbejdning af paginering og sortering af registret er foretaget ved hjælp af Microsoft Excel, hvor det har været nødvendigt at indlede sidehenvisningerne med et bogstav og eventuelt 0 for siderne 1 til 99. Tallet efter bindestregen giver artens rækkefølge på siden.