Philophthalmus Pulchrus Sp. N. (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) from the Intestinal Ceca of a Malaysian Moorhen1

166 PROCEEDINGS OF THE HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ment of the metacercaria of Parorchis acanthus. Smyth, J. D. 1966. The Physiology of Trema- J. Parasitol. 60: 465. todes. Freeman, San Francisco. 256 p. Gower, W. C. 1939. A modified stain and pro- Ulnier, M. J. 1957. Notes on the development cedure for trematodes. Stain Technol. 14: of Cotijlurus flabelliformis tetracotyles in the 31-32. second intermediate host (Trematoda: Strige- Kannangara, D. W. W., and J. D. Smyth. 1974. idae). Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 76: 321-327. In vitro cultivation of Diplostomum spath- Van Haitsma, J. P. 1931. Studies on the trema- aceum and Diplostomum phoxini metacer- tode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. cariae. Int. J. Parasitol. 4: 667-673. XXII: Cotijlurus flabelliformis (Faust) and Madsen, L. R., and A. D. Johnson. 1974. its life history. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Arts Development of Alaria mesocercariae on the Lett. 13: 447-482. chick chorioallantoic membrane and in mice Voge, M., and K. Jeong. 1971. Growth in vitro and chicks. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 93: of Cotijlurus lutzi Basch, 1969 (Trematoda: 106-112. Strigeidae), from tetracotyle to patent adult. Nasir, R. 1960. Trematode parasites of snails Int. J. Parasitol. 1: 139-143. from Edgbaston Pool: the life history of the Williams, M. O. 1966. On some larval trema- strigeid Cotijlurus brevis Dubois and Basch, todes from Lymnaea peregra (Muller) in 1950. Parasitology 50: 551-575. Scotland. J. Helminthol. 40: 245-252.

Philophthalmus pulchrus sp. n. (Digenea: Philophthalmidae) from the Intestinal Ceca of a Malaysian Moorhen1

DANIEL R. BROOKS AND JAMES R. PALMIERI Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677 and Unversity of California, ICMR Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

ABSTRACT: Philophthalmus pulchrus closely resembles P. indicus but differs by possessing uterine loops not extending as far posteriorly, a relatively smaller acetabulum and pharynx, and by lacking tegumental spines. Philophthalmus pulchrus further inhabits the intestinal ceca of the moorhen GaUinula chloropus orientalis in Malaysia, whereas P. indicus occurs in the eye of an Indian vulture.

Most philophthalmid digeneans inhabit the They were stained with Mayer's hematoxylin orbital areas of their avian hosts, although some and mounted in Histoclad for study as whole reported species are intestinal forms. The mounts. Figures were drawn with the aid of specimens upon which the following description a drawing tube; measurements are in micro- is based occurred in the intestinal ceca of a meters unless otherwise stated. Malaysian moorhen, GaUinula chloropus orientalis. Worms were removed from the host Philophthalmus pulchrus sp. n. ceca, flattened with minimal coverslip pressure, (Figs. 1-3) fixed with AFA, and stored in 70% ethanol. DESCRIPTION (based on 8 specimens): Body elongate, 3.2-4.4 mm long by 1.0-1.2 mm 1 This study was supported in part by a grant AI 10051 (UC ICMR) to the Department of International Health, wide in midhindbody. Tegument aspinose. School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, from ftie National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Dis- Oral sucker stibterminal, 204—324 long by eases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. 264-360 wide. Acetabulum 336-456 long by

Figures 1-3. Philophthalmus pulchrus. 1. Ventral view of holotype. 2. Ventral view of terminal genitalia (acetabulum omitted), paratype. 3. Dorsal view of female complex, paratype.

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360-468 wide. Ratio of oral sucker width to Excretory vesicle Y shaped with arms reach- acetabular width 1 : 1.23-1.45. Forebody 21- ing dorsal to pharynx; bifurcation posttesticular; 24% of total body length. Prepharynx lacking. pore terminal. Pharynx 252-348 long by 228-324 wide. Ratio HOST: Gallinula chloropus orientalis. of oral sucker width to pharyngeal width SITE: Intestinal ceca. 1: 0.83-0.95. Esophagus 12-120 long. Cecal LOCALITY: Vic. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. bifurcation 13—17% of total body length from HOLOTYPE: USNM Helm. Coll. No. 73056. anterior end; ceca extending near posterior PARATYPES: USNM Helm. Coll. No. 73057; end. Univ. Nebraska State Museum, Manter Lab- Testes intercecal near cecal tips, tandem to oratory No. 20863; and in collections of authors. obliquely tandem, shallowly and irregularly Philophthalmus pulchrus appears extremely lobate. Anterior testis 276-432 long by 252- similar to P. indicus Jaiswal and Singh, 1954 336 wide; posterior testis 276-432 long by 264- from the orbit of an Indian vulture. Both 360 wide. Posttesticular space 5-7% of total species possess tubular vitellaria with irregular body length. Cirrus sac dorsal to acetabulum, thickenings, median genital pores at the junc- occasionally extending slightly postacetabular, ture of the esophagus and cecal bifurcation, 672-900 long by 78-108 wide; containing sac- prominent metraterms, vitellaria extending ante- cate internal seminal vesicle and unspined riorly to the posterior margin of the acetabulum, eversible cirrus. cirrus sacs extending posteriorly to near the Ovary presticular, spherical to subspherical, posterior margin of the acetabulum, and similar- 144-180 long by 144-180 wide. Mehlis' gland sized eggs. Philophthalmus pulchrus inhabits immediately postovarian; Laurer's canal pos- the intestinal ceca rather than the orbital areas. terodorsal to ovary. Uterus occupying available It further differs from P. indicus by possessing space between anterior testis and acetabulum irregular testes with lobate rather than smooth with extracecal loops; uterus terminating with margins, uterine loops which extend posteriorly prominent muscular metraterm 600-900 long; to the anterior margin of the anterior testis space occupied by uterus equal to 45—57% of rather than to the lateral margins of the poste- total body length. Short uterine seminal recep- rior testis, and by having an oral sucker width tacle present. Vitellaria tubular with irregularly to acetabular width ratio of 1 : 1.23-1.45 rather spaced thickenings, in paired extracecal longi- than 1 : 1.69 and an oral sucker width to tudinal series uniting immediately postovarian pharyngeal width ratio of 1 : 0.83-0.95 rather forming a U-shaped structure. Vitellaria ex- than 1 : 1.22. Jaiswal and Singh (1954) stated tending from immediately postacetabular to that P. indicus possessed a spinose tegument, immediately postovarian levels, or from 32-39% whereas the tegument of P. pulchrus lacks of total body length from anterior end to within spines. 16-21% of total body length from posterior Literature Cited end. Thickenings of vitellaria 42-90 long by 18-48 wide. Genital atrium shallow, ventral Jaiswal, G. P., and S. N. Singh. 1954. On two new trematodes of the genus Philophthalmus to juncture of esophagus and cecal bifurcation, Looss, 1899, from the eyes of birds in 14-17% of total body length from anterior end. Hyderabad, Deccan. J. Helminthol. 28: 135- Eggs 73-84 long by 29-35 wide. 142.

Editor's Note Authors submitting manuscripts of a survey or taxonomic nature for publication in the Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Wash- ington are urged to deposit representative specimens in a recognized depository such as the National Parasite Collection at Beltsville, Maryland and include the accession numbers in the manuscript.